FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Moyer, RP Grottoli, AG AF Moyer, R. P. Grottoli, A. G. TI Coral skeletal carbon isotopes (delta C-13 and Delta C-14) record the delivery of terrestrial carbon to the coastal waters of Puerto Rico SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral geochemistry; delta C-13; Delta C-14; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Puerto Rico; Land-ocean carbon flux ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ORGANIC-CARBON; GROWTH-RATES; MONTASTRAEA; RIVER; CALCIFICATION; DELTA-O-18; ANNULARIS; LIGHT AB Tropical small mountainous rivers deliver a poorly quantified, but potentially significant, amount of carbon to the world's oceans. However, few historical records of land-ocean carbon transfer exist for any region on Earth. Corals have the potential to provide such records, because they draw on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for calcification. In temperate systems, the stable- (delta C-13) and radiocarbon (Delta C-14) isotopes of coastal DIC are influenced by the delta C-13 and Delta C-14 of the DIC transported from adjacent rivers. A similar pattern should exist in tropical coastal DIC and hence coral skeletons. Here, delta C-13 and Delta C-14 measurements were made in a 56-year-old Montastraea faveolata coral growing similar to 1 km from the mouth of the Rio Fajardo in eastern Puerto Rico. Additionally, the delta C-13 and Delta C-14 values of the DIC of the Rio Fajardo and its adjacent coastal waters were measured during two wet and dry seasons. Three major findings were observed: (1) synchronous depletions of both delta C-13 and Delta C-14 in the coral skeleton are annually coherent with the timing of peak river discharge, (2) riverine DIC was always more depleted in delta C-13 and Delta C-14 than seawater DIC, and (3) the correlation of delta C-13 and Delta C-14 was the same in both coral skeleton and the DIC of the river and coastal waters. These results indicate that coral skeletal delta C-13 and Delta C-14 are recording the delivery of riverine DIC to the coastal ocean. Thus, coral records could be used to develop proxies of historical land-ocean carbon flux for many tropical regions. Such information could be invaluable for understanding the role of tropical land-ocean carbon flux in the context of land-use change and global climate change. C1 [Moyer, R. P.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Moyer, R. P.; Grottoli, A. G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Moyer, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rmoyer@usgs.gov RI Grottoli, Andrea/C-9736-2009 FU Andrew Mellon Foundation; NSF [OCE-0610487]; OSU; AAPG; AGU; GSA; Orton Hall; USGS FX AGG was supported by grants from the Andrew Mellon Foundation and the NSF Chemical Oceanography Program (OCE-0610487). RPM was a graduate student in Grottoli's lab, and partially supported by an OSU Presidential Fellowship. RPM received additional funding from AAPG, AGU, GSA, and the Friends of Orton Hall, and was supported by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship during manuscript preparation. Field assistance was provided by H. Anguerre, M. Canals, M. Cathey, C. Malachowski, C. Pacheco, and B. Williams. Coral x-radiography was facilitated by K. Helmle and R. Dodge at the NSU Oceanographic Center. Laboratory assistance was provided by M. Cathey, Y. Matsui, C. Paver, L. Swierk, and H. Wu, and L. Travers assisted with figure preparation. J. Bauer, A. Carey, Y-P. Chin, N. Prouty, B. Rosenheim, M. Saltzman, B. Williams, and an anonymous person provided careful reviews and suggestions which improved the overall quality of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 791 EP 802 DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0758-y PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 802UN UT WOS:000293536600030 ER PT J AU Cross, WF Baxter, CV Donner, KC Rosi-Marshall, EJ Kennedy, TA Hall, RO Kelly, HAW Rogers, RS AF Cross, Wyatt F. Baxter, Colden V. Donner, Kevin C. Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Kennedy, Theodore A. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Kelly, Holly A. Wellard Rogers, R. Scott TI Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dam; high-flow experiment; organic matter flows; regulated river; secondary production; species interactions; trophic basis of production ID CAPITA INTERACTION STRENGTH; SWISS-NATIONAL-PARK; ZEALAND MUD SNAILS; GRAND-CANYON; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; REGULATED RIVER; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; DAM; STREAM AB Large dams have been constructed on rivers to meet human demands for water, electricity, navigation, and recreation. As a consequence, flow and temperature regimes have been altered, strongly affecting river food webs and ecosystem processes. Experimental high-flow dam releases, i.e., controlled floods, have been implemented on the Colorado River, USA, in an effort to reestablish pulsed flood events, redistribute sediments, improve conditions for native fishes, and increase understanding of how dam operations affect physical and biological processes. We quantified secondary production and organic matter flows in the food web below Glen Canyon dam for two years prior and one year after an experimental controlled flood in March 2008. Invertebrate biomass and secondary production declined significantly following the flood (total biomass, 55% decline; total production, 56% decline), with most of the decline driven by reductions in two nonnative invertebrate taxa, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Gammarus lacustris. Diatoms dominated the trophic basis of invertebrate production before and after the controlled flood, and the largest organic matter flows were from diatoms to the three most productive invertebrate taxa (P. antipodarum, G. lacustris, and Tubificida). In contrast to invertebrates, production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) increased substantially (194%) following the flood, despite the large decline in total secondary production of the invertebrate assemblage. This counterintuitive result is reconciled by a post-flood increase in production and drift concentrations of select invertebrate prey (i.e., Chironomidae and Simuliidae) that supported a large proportion of trout production but had relatively low secondary production. In addition, interaction strengths, measured as species impact values, were strongest between rainbow trout and these two taxa before and after the flood, demonstrating that the dominant consumer-resource interactions were not necessarily congruent with the dominant organic matter flows. Our study illustrates the value of detailed food web analysis for elucidating pathways by which dam management may alter production and strengths of species interactions in river food webs. We suggest that controlled floods may increase production of nonnative rainbow trout, and this information can be used to help guide future dam management decisions. C1 [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baxter, Colden V.; Donner, Kevin C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.; Kelly, Holly A. Wellard] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Kennedy, Theodore A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rogers, R. Scott] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cross, WF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM wyatt.cross@montana.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via U.S. Geological Survey [05WRAG005, G10AC00142] FX We thank the many field and laboratory assistants who made this research possible: Kate Behn, Adam Copp, Amber Gaul, Jason Fobair, Carina Hall, and Tom Sabol. We also acknowledge the logistical support of Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (Carol Fritzinger and crew). We thank two anonymous reviewers for excellent comments that improved the manuscript. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via the U.S. Geological Survey supported this research through cooperative agreements 05WRAG005 to R. O. Hall, Jr. and E. J. Rosi-Marshall, and G10AC00142 to W. F. Cross. NR 92 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 111 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2016 EP 2033 DI 10.1890/10-1719.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900012 PM 21939041 ER PT J AU Jones-Farrand, DT Fearer, TM Thogmartin, WE Thompson, FR Nelson, MD Tirpak, JM AF Jones-Farrand, D. Todd Fearer, Todd M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Thompson, Frank R., III Nelson, Mark D. Tirpak, John M. TI Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: the benefit of ensemble prediction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; Breeding Bird Survey; classification and regression tree; forest inventory and analysis; habitat suitability index; model uncertainty; species distribution model ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Selection of a modeling approach is an important step in the conservation planning process, but little guidance is available. We compared two statistical and three theoretical habitat modeling approaches representing those currently being used for avian conservation planning at landscape and regional scales: hierarchical spatial count (HSC), classification and regression tree (CRT), habitat suitability index (HSI), forest structure database (FS), and habitat association database (HA). We focused our comparison on models for five priority forest-breeding species in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region: Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, and Worm-eating Warbler. Lacking complete knowledge on the distribution and abundance of each species with which we could illuminate differences between approaches and provide strong grounds for recommending one approach over another, we used two approaches to compare models: rank correlations among model outputs and comparison of spatial correspondence. In general, rank correlations were significantly positive among models for each species, indicating general agreement among the models. Worm-eating Warblers had the highest pairwise correlations, all of which were significant (P < 0.05). Red-headed Woodpeckers had the lowest agreement among models, suggesting greater uncertainty in the relative conservation value of areas within the region. We assessed model uncertainty by mapping the spatial congruence in priorities (i.e., top ranks) resulting from each model for each species and calculating the coefficient of variation across model ranks for each location. This allowed identification of areas more likely to be good targets of conservation effort for a species, those areas that were least likely, and those in between where uncertainty is higher and thus conservation action incorporates more risk. Based on our results, models developed independently for the same purpose (conservation planning for a particular species in a particular geography) yield different answers and thus different conservation strategies. We assert that using only one habitat model (even if validated) as the foundation of a conservation plan is risky. Using multiple models (i.e., ensemble prediction) can reduce uncertainty and increase efficacy of conservation action when models corroborate one another and increase understanding of the system when they do not. C1 [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fearer, Todd M.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Nelson, Mark D.] Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tirpak, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jones-Farrand, DT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM David_Jones-Farrand@fws.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service FX This study was primarily supported by grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3 and Region 4 small grants programs) and the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors thank their respective employers for allowing them to contribute time and effort to this project. We also thank E. Laurent, B. Potter, and two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped improve this manuscript. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2269 EP 2282 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810VM UT WOS:000294155900031 PM 21939060 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, C AF Bernhardt, Christopher TI Native Americans, regional drought and tree island evolution in the Florida Everglades SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE climate variability; drought; Everglades; late Holocene; Native Americans; pollen; tree island ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MAYA CIVILIZATION; SLOUGH LANDSCAPE; HOLOCENE; RECONSTRUCTION; VEGETATION; RECORD; USA; ASSEMBLAGES AB This study uses palynologic data to determine the effects of regional climate variability and human activity on the formation and development of tree islands during the last similar to 4000 years. Although prolonged periods of aridity have been invoked as one mechanism for their formation, Native American land use has also been hypothesized as a driver of tree island development. Using pollen assemblages from head and near tail sediments collected on two tree islands and documented archeological data, the relative roles of Native Americans, climate variability, and recent water-management practices in forming and structuring Everglades tree islands are examined. The timing of changes recorded in the pollen record indicates that tree islands developed from sawgrass marshes similar to 3800 cal. yr BP, prior to human occupation. Major tree island expansion, recorded near tail sediments, occurred similar to 1000 years after initial tree island formation. Comparison of the timing of pollen assemblages with other proxy records indicates that tree island expansion is related to regional and global aridity correlated with southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Local fire associated with droughts may also have influenced tree island expansion. This work suggests that Native American occupation did not significantly influence tree island formation and that the most important factors governing tree island expansion are extreme hydrologic events due to droughts and intense twentieth century water management. C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bernhardt, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This research is supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Studies Program and was carried out in partial fulfillment of a Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. The author is extremely grateful to the Everglades National Park for site access. Margo Schwadron provided key guidance in site selection as well as field assistance. Thomas Sheehan, Bryan Landacre, and Adam Bentham assisted with field and laboratory work. Drs D. Willard and B. Horton helped guide this research. Drs L. Wingard, T. Cronin, F. Scatena, and H. Pfefferkorn and two anonymous reviewers provided invaluable comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD SEP PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 967 EP 978 DI 10.1177/0959683611400204 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 809HS UT WOS:000294043000007 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA Gill, VA Mulcahy, DM AF Hatch, Scott A. Gill, Verena A. Mulcahy, Daniel M. TI Migration and wintering sites of Pelagic Cormorants determined by satellite telemetry SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE band recoveries; British Columbia; coelomic implantation; Gulf of Alaska; Phalacrocorax pelagicus; platform transmitter terminals; winter roost sites ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DUCKS; ALASKA AB Factors affecting winter survival may be key determinants of status and population trends of seabirds, but connections between breeding sites and wintering areas of most populations are poorly known. Pelagic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus; N = 6) surgically implanted with satellite transmitters migrated from a breeding colony on Middleton Island, northern Gulf of Alaska, to wintering sites in southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. Winter locations averaged 920 km (range = 600-1190 km) from the breeding site. Migration flights in fall and spring lasted <= 5 d in four instances. After reaching wintering areas, cormorants settled in narrowly circumscribed inshore locations (similar to 10-km radius) and remained there throughout the nonbreeding period (September-March). Two juveniles tagged at the breeding colony as fledglings remained at their wintering sites for the duration of the tracking interval (14 and 22 mo, respectively). Most cormorants used multiple sites within their winter ranges for roosting and foraging. Band recoveries show that Pelagic Cormorants in southern British Columbia and Washington disperse locally in winter, rather than migrating like the cormorants in our study. Radio-tagging and monitoring cormorants and other seabirds from known breeding sites are vital for understanding migratory connectivity and improving conservation strategies for local populations. C1 [Hatch, Scott A.; Gill, Verena A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM shatch@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 82 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00330.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 811MN UT WOS:000294215300004 ER PT J AU Weiser, EL Powell, AN AF Weiser, Emily L. Powell, Abby N. TI Evaluating gull diets: a comparison of conventional methods and stable isotope analysis SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Glaucous Gull; Larus hyperboreus; MIXSIR; predator-prey relationships ID MIXING MODELS; FOOD-WEB; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CATHARACTA-SKUA; GLAUCOUS GULLS; GREAT SKUAS; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; DELTA-C-13; PELLETS AB Samples such as regurgitated pellets and food remains have traditionally been used in studies of bird diets, but these can produce biased estimates depending on the digestibility of different foods. Stable isotope analysis has been developed as a method for assessing bird diets that is not biased by digestibility. These two methods may provide complementary or conflicting information on diets of birds, but are rarely compared directly. We analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of feathers of Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) chicks from eight breeding colonies in northern Alaska, and used a Bayesian mixing model to generate a probability distribution for the contribution of each food group to diets. We compared these model results with probability distributions from conventional diet samples (pellets and food remains) from the same colonies and time periods. Relative to the stable isotope estimates, conventional analysis often overestimated the contributions of birds and small mammals to gull diets and often underestimated the contributions of fish and zooplankton. Both methods gave similar estimates for the contributions of scavenged caribou, miscellaneous marine foods, and garbage to diets. Pellets and food remains therefore may be useful for assessing the importance of garbage relative to certain other foods in diets of gulls and similar birds, but are clearly inappropriate for estimating the potential impact of gulls on birds, small mammals, or fish. However, conventional samples provide more species-level information than stable isotope analysis, so a combined approach would be most useful for diet analysis and assessing a predator's impact on particular prey groups. C1 [Weiser, Emily L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Weiser, EL (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. EM emily.l.weiser@gmail.com OI Weiser, Emily/0000-0003-1598-659X; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development; U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Arctic Field Office); ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.; University of Alaska Foundation FX We thank the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management (with a grant from NPR-A Impact Mitigation Program, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development), the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Arctic Field Office), ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., and a University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Grant for providing funding and other support for this study. We thank R. Baxter and E. McDonald for assistance with sample collection, R. Suydam and D. Nigro for logistical support, and D. Troy, S. Oppel, S. Jamieson, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing unpublished data. J. Moore advised on the stable isotope models; R. Barry assisted with statistical calculations. C. Hunter, A. Springer, and six anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. Field methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (07-46). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 82 IS 3 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00333.x PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 811MN UT WOS:000294215300007 ER PT J AU Oliveira-Santos, LGR Dorazio, RM Tomas, WM Mourao, G Fernandez, FAS AF Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R. Dorazio, Robert M. Tomas, Walfrido M. Mourao, Guilherme Fernandez, Fernando A. S. TI No evidence of interference competition among the invasive feral pig and two native peccary species in a Neotropical wetland SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE co-occurrence; interference competition; invasive species; Pecari tajacu; Sus scrofa; Tayassu pecari ID COLLARED PECCARIES; TAYASSU-PECARI; HABITAT USE; NICHE; TAJACU C1 [Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R.; Fernandez, Fernando A. S.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Populacoes, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Oliveira-Santos, Luiz G. R.; Tomas, Walfrido M.; Mourao, Guilherme] Embrapa Pantanal Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Dept Wildlife, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Oliveira-Santos, LGR (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Populacoes, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM gu_tapirus@hotmail.com RI Fernandez, Fernando/K-2412-2012; Mourao, Guilherme/C-3319-2013; Oliveira-Santos, Luiz/F-9562-2012 OI Mourao, Guilherme/0000-0002-8300-4191; FU EMBRAPA Pantanal; CNPq FX We thank EMBRAPA Pantanal for financial and logistic support, and the owners of Ipanema, Chatelodo, Dom Valdir and Porto Alegre ranches for allowing the present study within their lands. LGROS is supported by CNPq. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 27 BP 557 EP 561 DI 10.1017/S026646741100023X PN 5 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811LP UT WOS:000294212300011 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, Paul M. Chapelle, Francis H. TI Microbial Mineralization of Dichloroethene and Vinyl Chloride under Hypoxic Conditions SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER SEDIMENTS; CHLOROETHENE BIODEGRADATION; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; FE(III) REDUCTION; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; AQUIFER; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; BACTERIA AB Mineralization of 14C-radiolabled vinyl chloride ([1,2-14C] VC) and cis-dichloroethene ([1,2-14C] cis-DCE) under hypoxic (initial dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations about 0.1 mg/L) and nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) was examined in chloroethene-exposed sediments from two groundwater and two surface water sites. The results show significant VC and dichloroethene (DCE) mineralization under hypoxic conditions. All the sample treatments exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for DCE and VC mineralization over an extended range of substrate concentrations. First-order rates for VC mineralization were approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in hypoxic groundwater sediment treatments and at least three times higher in hypoxic surface water sediment treatments than in the respective anoxic treatments. For VC, oxygen-linked processes accounted for 65 to 85% of mineralization at DO concentrations below 0.1 mg/L, and 14CO2 was the only degradation product observed in VC treatments under hypoxic conditions. Because the lower detection limit for DO concentrations measured in the field is typically 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, these results indicate that oxygen-linked VC and DCE biodegradation can be significant under field conditions that appear anoxic. Furthermore, because rates of VC mineralization exceeded rates of DCE mineralization under hypoxic conditions, DCE accumulation without concomitant accumulation of VC may not be evidence of a DCE degradative stall in chloroethene plumes. Significantly, mineralization of VC above the level that could reasonably be attributed to residual DO contamination was also observed in several nominally anoxic (DO minimum detection limit = 0.01 mg/L) microcosm treatments. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; DOE; DOD; USEPA FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program and the Strategic Environmental Restoration and Defense Program of the DOE, DOD, and USEPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01339.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850QW UT WOS:000297213100002 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM AF Bradley, Paul M. TI Reinterpreting the Importance of Oxygen-Based Biodegradation in Chloroethene-Contaminated Groundwater SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL MINERALIZATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; DCE; VC; PHYSIOLOGY AB Chlororespiration is common in shallow aquifer systems under conditions nominally identified as anoxic. Consequently, chlororespiration is a key component of remediation at many chloroethene-contaminated sites. In some instances, limited accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is interpreted as evidence that natural attenuation is not adequate for site remediation. This conclusion is justified when evidence for parent compound (tetrachloroethene, PCE, or trichloroethene, TCE) degradation is lacking. For many chloroethene-contaminated shallow aquifer systems, however, nonconservative losses of the parent compounds are clear but the mass balance between parent compound attenuation and accumulation of reductive dechlorination daughter products is incomplete. Incomplete mass balance indicates a failure to account for important contaminant attenuation mechanisms and is consistent with contaminant degradation to nondiagnostic mineralization products like CO2. While anoxic mineralization of chloroethene compounds has been proposed previously, recent results suggest that oxygen-based mineralization of chloroethenes also can be significant at dissolved oxygen concentrations below the currently accepted field standard for nominally anoxic conditions. Thus, reassessment of the role and potential importance of low concentrations of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation are needed, because mischaracterization of operant biodegradation processes can lead to expensive and ineffective remedial actions. A modified interpretive framework is provided for assessing the potential for chloroethene biodegradation under different redox conditions and the probable role of oxygen in chloroethene biodegradation. C1 US Geol Survey, USGS S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01344.x PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850QW UT WOS:000297213100003 ER PT J AU Mcdonald, JE Destefano, S Gaughan, C Mayer, M Woytek, WA Christensen, S Fuller, TK AF Mcdonald, John E., Jr. Destefano, Stephen Gaughan, Christopher Mayer, Michael Woytek, William A. Christensen, Sonja Fuller, Todd K. TI Survival and Harvest-Related Mortality of White-Tailed Deer in Massachusetts SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE hunting; management; Massachusetts; mortality; Odocoileus virginianus; population; white-tailed deer AB We monitored 142 radiocollared adult (>= 1.0 yr old) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 3 study areas of Massachusetts, USA, to estimate annual survival and mortality due to legal hunting. We then applied these rates to deer harvest information to estimate deer population trends over time, and compared these to trends derived solely from harvest data estimates. Estimated adult female survival rates were similar (0.82-0.86), and uniformly high, across 3 management zones in Massachusetts that differed in landscape composition, human density, and harvest regulations. Legal hunting accounted for 16-29% of all adult female mortality. Estimated adult male survival rates varied from 0.55 to 0.79, and legal hunting accounted for 40-75% of all mortality. Use of composite hunting mortality rates produced realistic estimates for adult deer populations in 2 zones, but not for the third, where estimation was hindered by regulatory restrictions on antlerless deer harvest. In addition, the population estimates we calculated were generally higher than those derived from population reconstruction, likely due to relatively low harvest pressure. Legal harvest may not be the dominant form of deer mortality in developed landscapes; thus, estimates of populations or trends that rely solely on harvest data will likely be underestimates. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Mcdonald, John E., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Destefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gaughan, Christopher; Mayer, Michael; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gaughan, Christopher] Idaho Fish & Game Dept, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. [Mayer, Michael] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Woytek, William A.] Massachusetts Environm Police, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Christensen, Sonja] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Mcdonald, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM john_e_mcdonald@fws.gov FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project through the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife [W-35-R]; Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey); Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst FX We thank E. Amati, C. Bell, R. Deblinger, A. DeNicola, T. Gola, W. Healy, J. Hestbeck, T. Keefe, K. McCarthy, J. Shampang, and J. Sheedy for technical, field, and advisory assistance, and R. Kulis and R. Lathrop for their piloting skills. We thank H. Kilpatrick and M. Ellingwood for reviewing previous drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-35-R through the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey), and the Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. The senior author performed most of the analyses as a Charles Bullard Fellow in Forest Research at Harvard Forest. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1002/wsb.40 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800013 ER PT J AU Cornicelli, L Fulton, DC Grund, MD Fieberg, J AF Cornicelli, Louis Fulton, David C. Grund, Marrett D. Fieberg, John TI Hunter Perceptions and Acceptance of Alternative Deer Management Regulations SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attitude survey; choice survey; deer management; discrete choice model; human dimensions; nested logit model; Odocoileus virginianus; stated preference survey; white-tailed deer AB Wildlife managers are often confronted with a policy paradox where a majority of the public supports an outcome, but there is no agreement on specific management strategies to achieve this outcome. Previous research has also reported a link between regulatory acceptance, hunter satisfaction, and hunter participation rates. Thus, human dimensions research aimed at understanding hunter motivations and behavior is needed for effective management. In 2005, we surveyed Minnesota (USA) deer hunters (n = 6,000; 59% response) to evaluate attitudes regarding alternative deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest regulations. We also conducted a series of forced choice experiments in which respondents were asked to select an option from a list of representative regulations that might be adopted to achieve a particular deer management goal. Specifically, we modeled 5 deer population scenarios ranging from low populations with high buck-harvest rates to populations 50% over goal density. Our results indicate that hunters preferred different regulations depending on the population scenario, but generally preferred antler-point restrictions and disliked limiting buck licenses through a lottery. We also found consistency among scenarios, in that a small percentage of respondents indicated they would not hunt if regulations were changed. The results from this study should help wildlife managers design deer harvest regulations that are both acceptable to hunters and achieve management objectives. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Cornicelli, Louis] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Populat & Programs Unit, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Grund, Marrett D.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Res Unit, Madelia, MN 56062 USA. [Fieberg, John] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. RP Cornicelli, L (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Populat & Programs Unit, 500 Lafayette Rd, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. EM lou.cornicelli@state.mn.us FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR), Division of Fish and Wildlife; U.S.G.S. Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota (UMN) FX This study was a cooperative effort supported by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR), Division of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S.G.S. Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota (UMN). We especially wish to thank E. Boggess, M. DonCarlos, and D. Simon for their support of this project. We also thank the MNDNR deer management committee who reviewed various drafts of the survey and F. Martin, UMN, Department of Statistics who assisted with the choice survey design. We thank the many Minnesota deer hunters who took the time to complete the survey and furthered our understanding of hunter attitudes and how they impact population management. We also thank the editors and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1002/wsb.51 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GV UT WOS:000209332800027 ER PT J AU Garlick, MJ Powell, JA Hooten, MB McFarlane, LR AF Garlick, Martha J. Powell, James A. Hooten, Mevin B. McFarlane, Leslie R. TI Homogenization of Large-Scale Movement Models in Ecology SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease; Diffusion model; Ecological diffusion; Homogenization; Multi-scale modeling; Spatial heterogeneity; Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS AB A difficulty in using diffusion models to predict large scale animal population dispersal is that individuals move differently based on local information (as opposed to gradients) in differing habitat types. This can be accommodated by using ecological diffusion. However, real environments are often spatially complex, limiting application of a direct approach. Homogenization for partial differential equations has long been applied to Fickian diffusion (in which average individual movement is organized along gradients of habitat and population density). We derive a homogenization procedure for ecological diffusion and apply it to a simple model for chronic wasting disease in mule deer. Homogenization allows us to determine the impact of small scale (10-100 m) habitat variability on large scale (10-100 km) movement. The procedure generates asymptotic equations for solutions on the large scale with parameters defined by small-scale variation. The simplicity of this homogenization procedure is striking when compared to the multi-dimensional homogenization procedure for Fickian diffusion,and the method will be equally straightforward for more complex models. C1 [Garlick, Martha J.; Powell, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McFarlane, Leslie R.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Garlick, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM marti.garlick@aggiemail.usu.edu FU USGS [1434-06HQRU1555] FX Funding for this study was provided through USGS 1434-06HQRU1555. The authors would like to thank Mary Connor and John Lowry for providing data and advice. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 EI 1522-9602 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 73 IS 9 BP 2088 EP 2108 DI 10.1007/s11538-010-9612-6 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 801TU UT WOS:000293464300005 PM 21194012 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL Holland, JN AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. Holland, J. Nathaniel TI Uni-directional consumer-resource theory characterizing transitions of interaction outcomes SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Predation/parasitism; Competition; Amensalism ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLANT TOXICITY; MUTUALISM; DEFENSE; STOICHIOMETRY; ECOLOGY AB A resource is considered here to be a biotic population that helps to maintain the population growth of its consumers, whereas a consumer utilizes a resource and in turn decreases its growth rate. Bi-directional consumer-resource (C-R) interactions have been the object of recent theory. In these interactions, each species acts, in some respects, as both a consumer and a resource of the other, which is the basis of many mutualisms. In uni-directional C-R interactions between two species, one acts as a consumer and the other as a material and/or energy resource, while neither acts as both. The relationship between insect pollinator/seed parasites and the host plant is an example of the latter interaction type of C-R, as the insect provides no material resource to the plant (though it provides a pollination service). In this paper we consider a different variation of the uni-directional C-R interaction, in which the resource species has both positive and negative effects on the consumer species, while the consumer has only a negative effect on the resource. A predator-prey system in which the prey is able to kill or consume predator eggs or larvae is an example. Our aim is to demonstrate mechanisms by which interaction outcomes of this system vary with different conditions, and thus to extend the uni-directional C-R theory established by Holland and DeAngelis (2009). By the analysis of a specific two-species system, it is shown that there is no periodic solution of the system, and the parameter (factor) space can be divided into six regions, which correspond to predation/parasitism, amensalism, and competition. The interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly when the parameters are changed continuously in the six regions and/or initial densities of the species vary in a smooth fashion. Varying a pair of parameters can also result in the transitions. The analysis leads to both conditions under which the species approach their maximal densities, and explanations for phenomena in experiments by Urabe and Sterner (1996). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangel@bio.miami.edu FU NSKF of P.R. of China [60736028]; NSF [DEB-081423, DEB-0814523]; U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center FX This work was in part supported by NSKF of P.R. of China (No. 60736028) to Y. Wang, and was supported by NSF grant DEB-081423 and NSF grant DEB-0814523 to J.N. Holland and D.L. DeAngelis. D. L DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 8 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2011.04.002 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809FO UT WOS:000294037400004 ER PT J AU Migaszewski, ZM Lamothe, PJ Crock, JG Galuszka, A Dolegowska, S AF Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M. Lamothe, Paul J. Crock, James G. Galuszka, Agnieszka Dolegowska, Sabina TI The role of sample preparation in interpretation of trace element concentration variability in moss bioindication studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Trace elements; Moss bioindication; Pleurozium schreberi; Hylocomium splendens; Ashing vs. digestion; Cluster analysis ID SCHREBERI BRID. MITT.; HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS; SOUTH-CENTRAL POLAND; SPLENDENS HEDW. BSG; HYLOCOMIUM-SPLENDENS; PLANT BIOINDICATORS; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; PAHS AB Trace element concentrations in plant bioindicators are often determined to assess the quality of the environment. Instrumental methods used for trace element determination require digestion of samples. There are different methods of sample preparation for trace element analysis, and the selection of the best method should be fitted for the purpose of a study. Our hypothesis is that the method of sample preparation is important for interpretation of the results. Here we compare the results of 36 element determinations performed by ICP-MS on ashed and on acid-digested (HNO(3), H(2)O(2)) samples of two moss species (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected in Alaska and in south-central Poland. We found that dry ashing of the moss samples prior to analysis resulted in considerably lower detection limits of all the elements examined. We also show that this sample preparation technique facilitated the determination of interregional and interspecies differences in the chemistry of trace elements. Compared to the Polish mosses, the Alaskan mosses displayed more positive correlations of the major rock-forming elements with ash content, reflecting those elements' geogenic origin. Of the two moss species, P. schreberi from both Alaska and Poland was also highlighted by a larger number of positive element pair correlations. The cluster analysis suggests that the more uniform element distribution pattern of the Polish mosses primarily reflects regional air pollution sources. Our study has shown that the method of sample preparation is an important factor in statistical interpretation of the results of trace element determinations. C1 [Migaszewski, Zdzislaw M.; Galuszka, Agnieszka; Dolegowska, Sabina] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. [Lamothe, Paul J.; Crock, James G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Galuszka, A (reprint author), Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Geochem & Environm Div, Inst Chem, 15G Swietokrzyska Str, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. EM aggie@ujk.kielce.pl RI Migaszewski, Zdzislaw/D-5687-2011; Galuszka, Agnieszka/D-5434-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Mineral Resources Program; Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce [142/S] FX We are grateful to Dr. LaDonna Choate of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, for her analytical assistance. We are also grateful to David Fey and Dr. Todor Todorov of the U.S. Geological Survey for their insightful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Program, and the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Scientific Project 142/S. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1610-3653 J9 ENVIRON CHEM LETT JI Environ. Chem. Lett. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 808HW UT WOS:000293969800002 ER PT J AU Langer, WH Van Gosen, BS Meeker, GP Adams, DT Hoefen, TM AF Langer, William H. Van Gosen, Bradley S. Meeker, Gregory P. Adams, David T. Hoefen, Todd M. TI The dispersion of fibrous amphiboles by glacial processes in the area surrounding Libby, Montana, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Libby; Montana; Amphibole asbestos; Glacial geology; Glacial Lake Kootenai ID ASBESTOS-CONTAMINATED VERMICULITE; CONNECTICUT VALLEY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; RECENT DEPOSITS; MASSACHUSETTS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; COMPLEX AB Mining operations began at a world-class vermiculite deposit at Vermiculite Mountain near Libby, Montana, circa 1920 and ended in 1990. Fibrous and asbestiform amphiboles intergrown with vermiculite ore are suspected to be a causative factor in an abnormally high number of cases of respiratory diseases in former mine and mill workers, and in residents of Libby. The question addressed in this report is whether some of the amphibole from Vermiculite Mountain could have been dispersed by Pleistocene glacial processes rather than by human activity after vermiculite mining began. The history of Pinedale glaciation in the Libby area provides a framework for estimating the presence and distribution of asbestiform amphiboles derived from Vermiculite Mountain and found in naturally occurring sediments of Glacial Lake Kootenai that underlie the Libby Valley area. There were two situations where sediments derived from Vermiculite Mountain were deposited into Glacial Lake Kootenai: (1) as lake-bottom sediments derived from meltwater flowing down Rainy Creek when the valley south of Vermiculite Mountain was free of ice but active ice still covered Vermiculite Mountain; and (2) as lake-bottom sediments eroded from the Rainy Creek outwash and re-deposited during a re-advance of the Purcell Trench Glacier lobe near Moyie Springs, Idaho. C1 [Langer, William H.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.; Meeker, Gregory P.; Adams, David T.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Langer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM blanger@usgs.gov OI Adams, David/0000-0003-2679-2344; Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0832-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 808EC UT WOS:000293958600016 ER PT J AU Rizza, M Ritz, JF Braucher, R Vassallo, R Prentice, C Mahan, S McGill, S Chauvet, A Marco, S Todbileg, M Demberel, S Bourles, D AF Rizza, M. Ritz, J. -F. Braucher, R. Vassallo, R. Prentice, C. Mahan, S. McGill, S. Chauvet, A. Marco, S. Todbileg, M. Demberel, S. Bourles, D. TI Slip rate and slip magnitudes of past earthquakes along the Bogd left-lateral strike-slip fault (Mongolia) SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Seismic cycle; Geomorphology; Earthquake dynamics; Continental neotectonics; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform; Asia ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; RANGE GOBI-ALTAY; ALTYN-TAGH FAULT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; UNITED-STATES; AVERAGE RATE; HALF-LIFE; TECTONICS; EXAMPLES AB We carried out morphotectonic studies along the left-lateral strike-slip Bogd Fault, the principal structure involved in the Gobi-Altay earthquake of 1957 December 4 (published magnitudes range from 7.8 to 8.3). The Bogd Fault is 260 km long and can be subdivided into five main geometric segments, based on variation in strike direction. West to East these segments are, respectively: the West Ih Bogd (WIB), The North Ih Bogd (NIB), the West Ih Bogd (WIB), the West Baga Bogd (WBB) and the East Baga Bogd (EBB) segments. Morphological analysis of offset streams, ridges and alluvial fans-particularly well preserved in the arid environment of the Gobi region-allows evaluation of late Quaternary slip rates along the different faults segments. In this paper, we measure slip rates over the past 200 ka at four sites distributed across the three western segments of the Bogd Fault. Our results show that the left-lateral slip rate is similar to 1 mm yr(-1) along the WIB and EIB segments and similar to 0.5 mm yr(-1) along the NIB segment. These variations are consistent with the restraining bend geometry of the Bogd Fault. Our study also provides additional estimates of the horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake along the western part of the Bogd rupture, complementing previously published studies. We show that the mean horizontal offset associated with the 1957 earthquake decreases progressively from 5.2 m in the west to 2.0 m in the east, reflecting the progressive change of kinematic style from pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting to left-lateral-reverse faulting. Along the three western segments, we measure cumulative displacements that are multiples of the 1957 coseismic offset, which may be consistent with a characteristic slip. Moreover, using these data, we re-estimate the moment magnitude of the Gobi-Altay earthquake at M-w 7.78-7.95. Combining our slip rate estimates and the slip distribution per event we also determined a mean recurrence interval of similar to 2500-5200 yr for past earthquakes along the different segments of the western Bogd Fault. This suggests that the three western segments of the Bogd Fault and the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (a reverse fault bounding the southern side of the Ih Bogd range that ruptured during the 1957 earthquake) have similar average recurrence times, and therefore may have ruptured together in previous earthquakes as they did in 1957. These results suggest that the western part of the Bogd Fault system, including the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault, usually behaves in a 'characteristic earthquake' mode. C1 [Rizza, M.; Ritz, J. -F.; Chauvet, A.] Univ Montpellier 2, Geosci Montpellier UMR 5243, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Braucher, R.; Bourles, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS CEREGE UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Vassallo, R.] Univ Savoie, LGCA UMR 5025, F-73011 Chambery, France. [Prentice, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mahan, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McGill, S.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. [Marco, S.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Todbileg, M.] Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongol Peo Rep. [Demberel, S.] RCAG, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Rizza, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Geosci Montpellier UMR 5243, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM rizza@gm.univ-montp2.fr RI Marco, Shmuel/A-2311-2010; OI Marco, Shmuel/0000-0001-5548-2447; Bourles, Didier/0000-0001-5991-6126; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Braucher, Regis/0000-0002-4637-4302 FU French INSU; INSU/CNRS; French Ministry of Research and Higher Education; IRD; CEA FX This work was supported by the French INSU 3F ('Failles, Fluides, Flux') 2007 program. We would like to acknowledge our drivers and the RCAG colleagues for technical support, especially Ulzibat. Field assistance was provided by Baatarsuren, Ulzibat (MT's brother), Bayanmonh B., Javkhaa Otgonhuu and Thomas Guillot. We thank D. Schwartz and P. Vernant for fruitful discussions about geology of the Bogd Fault, and also R. Gold, T. Hanks, R. Walker and an anonymous reviewer to improve the manuscript. The new 10Be measurements were performed at the ASTER AMS National Facility (CEREGE, Aix en Provence), which is supported by the INSU/CNRS, the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education, IRD and CEA. NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 186 IS 3 BP 897 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05075.x PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 808SF UT WOS:000293998000001 ER PT J AU Herman-Mercer, N Schuster, PF Maracle, KB AF Herman-Mercer, Nicole Schuster, Paul F. Maracle, Karonhiakt'tie Bryan TI Indigenous Observations of Climate Change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE indigenous knowledge; Lower Yukon River Basin; Yup'ik; climate change ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SNOW COVER; AVHRR DATA; PERMAFROST; ICE AB Natural science climate change studies have led to an overwhelming amount of evidence that the Arctic and Subarctic are among the world's first locations to begin experiencing climate change. Indigenous knowledge of northern regions is a valuable resource to assess the effects of climate change on the people and the landscape. Most studies, however, have focused on coastal Arctic and Subarctic communities with relatively little focus on inland communities. This paper relates the findings from fieldwork conducted in the Lower Yukon River Basin of Alaska in the spring of 2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters and elders in the villages of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska to document observations of climate change. This study assumes that scientific findings and indigenous knowledge are complementary and seeks to overcome the false dichotomy that these two ways of knowing are in opposition. The observed changes in the climate communicated by the hunters and elders of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska are impacting the community in ways ranging from subsistence (shifting flora and fauna patterns), concerns about safety (unpredictable weather patterns and dangerous ice conditions), and a changing resource base (increased reliance on fossil fuels). Here we attempt to address the challenges of integrating these two ways of knowing while relating indigenous observations as described by elders and hunters of the study area to those described by scientific literature. C1 [Herman-Mercer, Nicole; Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. [Maracle, Karonhiakt'tie Bryan] Council Athabascan Tribal Govt, Ft Yukon, AK USA. RP Herman-Mercer, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 70 IS 3 BP 244 EP 252 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 809IA UT WOS:000294043800004 ER PT J AU Forcey, GM Thogmartin, WE Linz, GM Bleier, WJ McKann, PC AF Forcey, Greg M. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Linz, George M. Bleier, William J. McKann, Patrick C. TI Land use and climate influences on waterbirds in the Prairie Potholes SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abundance maps; Bayesian; Breeding Bird Survey; climate; ducks; hierarchical models; land use; Prairie Pothole Region; USA; waterbirds ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; CERULEAN WARBLERS; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; LANDSCAPE AB Aim We examined the influences of regional climate and land-use variables on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) abundances to inform conservation planning in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States. Location The US portion of Bird Conservation Region 11 (US-BCR11, the Prairie Potholes), which encompasses six states within the United States: Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota and Iowa. Methods We used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (NABBS), the National Land Cover Data Set, and the National Climatic Data Center to model the effects of environmental variables on waterbird abundance. We evaluated land-use covariates at three logarithmically related spatial scales (1000, 10,000 and 100,000 ha), and constructed hierarchical spatial count models a priori using information from published habitat associations. Model fitting was performed using a hierarchical modelling approach within a Bayesian framework. Results Models with the same variables expressed at different scales were often in the best model subset, indicating that the influence of spatial scale was small. Both land-use and climate variables contributed strongly to predicting waterbird abundance in US-BCR11. The strongest positive influences on waterbird abundance were the percentage of wetland area across all three spatial scales, herbaceous vegetation and precipitation variables. Other variables that we included in our models did not appear to influence waterbirds in this study. Main conclusions Understanding the relationships of waterbird abundance to climate and land use may allow us to make predictions of future distribution and abundance as environmental factors change. Additionally, results from this study can suggest locations where conservation and management efforts should be focused. C1 [Forcey, Greg M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Linz, George M.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Forcey, GM (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 102 NE 10th Ave,1st Floor, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM research@gregforcey.com RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services; Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School at North Dakota State University FX We thank M. Biondini, G. Clambey and G. Nuechterlein for their contributions and advice on this study. D. Anderson, D. Granfors, R. Johnson, N. Niemuth and J. Sauer provided suggestions on the data analyses for this project. We also thank E. O'Neal for providing ARCGIS plug-ins to simplify the spatial analyses of climate and land-use data. We are grateful to the thousands of volunteers who annually conduct breeding bird survey counts. This project was funded by the National Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. G. Linz was the Study Director. Financial support was also provided by the Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate School at North Dakota State University. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1694 EP 1707 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02510.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 807NS UT WOS:000293906600006 ER PT J AU Kurt, TD Seelig, DM Schneider, JR Johnson, CJ Telling, GC Heisey, DM Hoover, EA AF Kurt, Timothy D. Seelig, Davis M. Schneider, Jay R. Johnson, Christopher J. Telling, Glenn C. Heisey, Dennis M. Hoover, Edward A. TI Alteration of the Chronic Wasting Disease Species Barrier by In Vitro Prion Amplification SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY PRIONS; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; PURKINJE-CELL LOSS; MULE DEER; TRANSGENIC MICE; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; INFECTIOUS PRIONS; CWD PRIONS; PRP GENE; TRANSMISSION AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of cervids now detected in 19 states of the United States, three Canadian provinces, and South Korea. Whether noncervid species can be infected by CWD and thereby serve as reservoirs for the infection is not known. To investigate this issue, we previously used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to demonstrate that CWD prions can amplify in brain homogenates from several species sympatric with cervids, including prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and field mice (Peromyscus spp.). Here, we show that prairie voles are susceptible to mule deer CWD prions in vivo and that sPMCA amplification of CWD prions in vole brain enhances the infectivity of CWD for this species. Prairie voles inoculated with sPMCA products developed clinical signs of TSE disease approximately 300 days prior to, and more consistently than, those inoculated with CWD prions from deer brain. Moreover, the deposition patterns and biochemical properties of protease-resistant form of PrP (PrPRES) in the brains of affected voles differed from those in cervidized transgenic (CerPrP) mice infected with CWD. In addition, voles inoculated orally with sPMCA products developed clinical signs of TSE and were positive for PrPRES deposition, whereas those inoculated orally with deer-origin CWD prions did not. These results demonstrate that transspecies sPMCA of CWD prions can enhance the infectivity and adapt the host range of CWD prions and thereby may be useful to assess determinants of prion species barriers. C1 [Kurt, Timothy D.; Seelig, Davis M.; Hoover, Edward A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schneider, Jay R.; Johnson, Christopher J.; Heisey, Dennis M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Telling, Glenn C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Neurol, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet,Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Hoover, EA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1619 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM edward.hoover@colostate.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU NIH/NIAID [NO1-AI-25491]; Morris Animal Foundation [D07ZO-072]; [NCRR-T32-RR07072] FX This work was supported by contract NO1-AI-25491 from NIH/NIAID, grant D07ZO-072 from the Morris Animal Foundation, and grant NCRR-T32-RR07072. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 85 IS 17 BP 8528 EP 8537 DI 10.1128/JVI.00809-11 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 804AO UT WOS:000293626100007 PM 21697475 ER PT J AU Leclaire, S White, J Arnoux, E Faivre, B Vetter, N Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Leclaire, Sarah White, Joel Arnoux, Emilie Faivre, Bruno Vetter, Nathanael Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI Integument coloration signals reproductive success, heterozygosity, and antioxidant levels in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Beak coloration; Heterozygosity; Integument coloration; Carotenoid; Vitamin A; Retinol; Reproductive success ID RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; MATE CHOICE; GOOD GENES; BLUE TITS; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; PLUMAGE COLORATION; MOUTH COLORATION; PARENTAL EFFORT AB Carotenoid pigments are important for immunity and as antioxidants, and carotenoid-based colors are believed to provide honest signals of individual quality. Other colorless but more efficient antioxidants such as vitamins A and E may protect carotenoids from bleaching. Carotenoid-based colors have thus recently been suggested to reflect the concentration of such colorless antioxidants, but this has rarely been tested. Furthermore, although evidence is accruing for multiple genetic criteria for mate choice, carotenoid-based colors have rarely been shown to reflect both phenotypic and genetic quality. In this study, we investigated whether gape, tongue, eye-ring, and bill coloration of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla reflected circulating levels of carotenoids and vitamins A and E. We further investigated whether integument coloration reflected phenotypic (body condition and fledging success) and genetic quality (heterozygosity). We found that the coloration of fleshy integuments was correlated with carotenoid and vitamin A levels and fledging success but only in males. Furthermore, the coloration of tongue and eye-ring was correlated with heterozygosity in both males and females. Integument colors might therefore be reliable signals of individual quality used by birds to adjust their parental care during the chick-rearing period. C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, ENFA, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] UMR5174 EDB, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; White, Joel; Vetter, Nathanael; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Arnoux, Emilie; Faivre, Bruno] Univ Bourgogne, Biogeosci UMR 5561, Dijon, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, LARG, Cambridge, England. EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009; White, Joel/D-8482-2011 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) [1162] FX We are very grateful to F. Bailly, P. Blanchard, T. Merkling, C. DeFranceschi, and V. Frochot for their help in the field, and E. Lhuillier and C. Veyssiere for their help in genotyping. We thank J. Cornuault for his help in using Avicol software and M. Giraudeau, F. Helfenstein, and C. Doutrelant for helpful discussion. Experiments were carried out in accordance with US laws and under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. This study was financed in part by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program 1162). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2011 VL 98 IS 9 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s00114-011-0827-7 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808HS UT WOS:000293969200007 PM 21792598 ER PT J AU Stackpoole, SM Kosola, KR Workmaster, BAA Guldan, NM Browne, BA Jackson, RD AF Stackpoole, Sarah M. Kosola, Kevin R. Workmaster, Beth Ann A. Guldan, Nathan M. Browne, Bryant A. Jackson, Randall D. TI Looking beyond fertilizer: assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Dissolved organic nitrogen; Organic matter; Fertilizer; Hydrologic inputs; Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi; Cranberry; Vaccinium ID ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; RECOVERY; YIELD; RATES; MINERALIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Even though nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for successful cranberry production, N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems is not completely understood. Prior research has focused mainly on timing and uptake of ammonium fertilizer, but the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for additional N contributions from hydrologic inputs (flooding, irrigation, groundwater, and precipitation) and organic matter (OM). Plant biomass, soil, surface and groundwater samples were collected from five cranberry beds (cranberry production fields) on four different farms, representing both upland and lowland systems. Estimated average annual plant uptake (63.3 +/- A 22.5 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) exceeded total average annual fertilizer inputs (39.5 +/- A 11.6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Irrigation, precipitation, and floodwater N summed to an average 23 +/- A 0.7 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), which was about 60% of fertilizer N. Leaf and stem litterfall added 5.2 +/- A 1.2 and 24.1 +/- A 3.0 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) respectively. The estimated net N mineralization rate from the buried bag technique was 5 +/- A 0.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), which was nearly 15% of fertilizer N. Dissolved organic nitrogen represented a significant portion of the total N pool in both surface water and soil samples. Mixed-ion exchange resin core incubations indicated that 80% of total inorganic N from fertilizer, irrigation, precipitation, and mineralization was nitrate, and approximately 70% of recovered inorganic N from groundwater was nitrate. There was a weak but significant negative relationship between extractable soil ammonium concentrations and ericoid mycorrhizal colonization (ERM) rates (r = -0.22, P < 0.045). Growers may benefit from balancing the N inputs from hydrologic sources and OM relative to fertilizer N in order to maximize the benefits of ERM fungi in actively mediating N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems. C1 [Stackpoole, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stackpoole, Sarah M.; Kosola, Kevin R.; Workmaster, Beth Ann A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guldan, Nathan M.; Browne, Bryant A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kosola, Kevin R.] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Guldan, Nathan M.] Forest Cty Potawatomi Commun, Dept Nat Resources, Crandon, WI 54520 USA. RP Stackpoole, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sstackpoole@usgs.gov FU Robert and Helen Gottschalk endowment; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State, Research, Education; Extension Service (USDA-CREES); United States Department of Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (USDA-SARE) FX We thank grower cooperators in Wisconsin for permitting us to sample on their cranberry farms. This research was supported by funding from the Robert and Helen Gottschalk endowment, United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State, Research, Education and Extension Service (USDA-CREES) program, and a United States Department of Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (USDA-SARE) grant. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 91 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s10705-011-9442-4 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 807PV UT WOS:000293913100004 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Welcker, J Steen, H Hamer, KC Kitaysky, AS Fort, J Talbot, SL Cornick, LA Karnovsky, NJ Gabrielsen, GW Gremillet, D AF Harding, Ann M. A. Welcker, Jorg Steen, Harald Hamer, Keith C. Kitaysky, Alexander S. Fort, Jerome Talbot, Sandra L. Cornick, Leslie A. Karnovsky, Nina J. Gabrielsen, Geir W. Gremillet, David TI Adverse foraging conditions may impact body mass and survival of a high Arctic seabird SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Body mass; Corticosterone; Little auk; Survival; Tradeoff ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; AUK ALLE-ALLE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION PROCESSES; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; BREEDING SEABIRD AB Tradeoffs between current reproduction and future survival are widely recognized, but may only occur when food is limited: when foraging conditions are favorable, parents may be able to reproduce without compromising their own survival. We investigated these tradeoffs in the little auk (Alle alle), a small seabird with a single-egg clutch. During 2005-2007, we examined the relationship between body mass and survival of birds breeding under contrasting foraging conditions at two Arctic colonies. We used corticosterone levels of breeding adults as a physiological indicator of the foraging conditions they encountered during each reproductive season. We found that when foraging conditions were relatively poor (as reflected in elevated levels of corticosterone), parents ended the reproductive season with low body mass and suffered increased post-breeding mortality. A positive relationship between body mass and post-breeding survival was found in one study year; light birds incurred higher survival costs than heavy birds. The results of this study suggest that reproducing under poor foraging conditions may affect the post-breeding survival of long-lived little auks. They also have important demographic implications because even a small change in adult survival may have a large effect on populations of long-lived species. C1 [Harding, Ann M. A.; Hamer, Keith C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Harding, Ann M. A.; Cornick, Leslie A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Welcker, Jorg; Steen, Harald; Gabrielsen, Geir W.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fort, Jerome; Gremillet, David] Ctr Natl Rech Sci CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Karnovsky, Nina J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91771 USA. RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Miall Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM aharding@usgs.gov RI Steen, Harald/A-3198-2012; Fort, Jerome/F-1157-2016 OI Fort, Jerome/0000-0002-0860-6707 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [388]; National Science Foundation [0612504]; Research Council of Norway [165112/S30]; USGS-Alaska Science Center; NPRB [RO320]; NSF EPSCoR [0346770] FX Many thanks to M. Hall, H. Routti, J. Fort, R. Orben, E. Weston, M. Anne Pella-Donnelly, K. Holser, L. Borg, S. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Delingat, N. Seifert, S. Natterer, and J. Schultner for their energy and assistance in the field, and to M. Munck, NANU Travel, C. Egevang, F. Delbart, T. and T. Fischbach, R. and J. Harding, and W. Moskal for their logistical support. We thank Z. Kitaiskaia for her expertly performed hormonal assays and W. Walkusz for the analysis of chick diet. This project was funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (Grant 388 to D. G.), the National Science Foundation (grant 0612504 to A. M. A. H. and N. J. K.), the Research Council of Norway (MariClim, 165112/S30), and was supported by the USGS-Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by NPRB grant no. RO320 and NSF EPSCoR NSF no. 0346770 to ASK. Earlier drafts of the manuscript benefited from thoughtful comments by J. Schmutz, M. Hall, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. All field work in East Greenland was conducted with the permission of the Greenland Home Rule Government, Ministry of Environment and Nature (Danish Polar Centre Scientific Expedition Permit 512-240) and under permits of the Ethics Committee of the French Polar Institute (MP/12/24/05/05). All field work on Spitsbergen was conducted with the permission of the Governor of Svalbard. NR 76 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2011 VL 167 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1971-7 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 807QE UT WOS:000293914000006 PM 21445685 ER PT J AU Stein, AB Fuller, TK DeStefano, S Marker, LL AF Stein, Andrew B. Fuller, Todd K. DeStefano, Stephen Marker, Laurie L. TI Leopard population and home range estimates in north-central Namibia SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTHERA-PARDUS; PROTECTED AREAS; CAMERA-TRAPS; CAPE-PROVINCE; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY C1 [Stein, Andrew B.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [DeStefano, Stephen] USGS Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res U, Amherst, MA USA. [Marker, Laurie L.] Cheetah Conservat Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia. RP Fuller, TK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tkfuller@eco.umass.edu FU Cheetah Conservation Fund FX We thank the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the WPP, E. Tjiteere, the Cheetah Conservation Fund, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, field assistants and reviewers. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01267.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802MP UT WOS:000293516000017 ER PT J AU Wolf, KL Ahn, C Noe, GB AF Wolf, Kristin L. Ahn, Changwoo Noe, Gregory B. TI Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Created mitigation wetlands; Microtopography; Ammonification; Nitrification; Nitrogen mineralization; Denitrification potential ID SOIL SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PAIRED NATURAL WETLANDS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; VEGETATION; DENITRIFICATION; RESTORATION; CARBON; DYNAMICS; SEDIMENTATION AB Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wolf, Kristin L.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wolf, KL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kwolf2@gmu.edu OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS-NIWR; Jeffress Memorial Trust; Society of Wetlands Scientists; USGS; Washington Field Biologist Club; Cosmos Foundation FX We thank Sameer Bhattarai, Nicholas Ostroski, Russel Fielding, and Hannah McFarland for their help with data collection and Elizabeth Jones and the M. Voytek microbiology lab for use of their equipment for this project. We also thank Wetland Solutions and Studies, Inc. and Angler Environmental for use of their wetlands. This study was made possible through funding from USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, USGS-NIWR Grant, Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund, the Society of Wetlands Scientists, USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program, USGS National Research Program, the Washington Field Biologist Club, and the Cosmos Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1398 EP 1406 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013 PG 9 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 804VI UT WOS:000293681700015 ER PT J AU Cleveland, CC Townsend, AR Taylor, P Alvarez-Clare, S Bustamante, MMC Chuyong, G Dobrowski, SZ Grierson, P Harms, KE Houlton, BZ Marklein, A Parton, W Porder, S Reed, SC Sierra, CA Silver, WL Tanner, EVJ Wieder, WR AF Cleveland, Cory C. Townsend, Alan R. Taylor, Philip Alvarez-Clare, Silvia Bustamante, Mercedes M. C. Chuyong, George Dobrowski, Solomon Z. Grierson, Pauline Harms, Kyle E. Houlton, Benjamin Z. Marklein, Alison Parton, William Porder, Stephen Reed, Sasha C. Sierra, Carlos A. Silver, Whendee L. Tanner, Edmund V. J. Wieder, William R. TI Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: a pan-tropical analysis SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Carbon cycle; climate; decomposition; meta-analysis; nitrogen; nutrient limitation; phosphorus; primary production; tropical forest ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; N-P STOICHIOMETRY; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; NITROGEN-RETENTION; REGRESSION TREES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; SOIL; AVAILABILITY AB Tropical rain forests play a dominant role in global biosphere-atmosphere CO(2) exchange. Although climate and nutrient availability regulate net primary production (NPP) and decomposition in all terrestrial ecosystems, the nature and extent of such controls in tropical forests remain poorly resolved. We conducted a meta-analysis of carbon-nutrient-climate relationships in 113 sites across the tropical forest biome. Our analyses showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of aboveground NPP (ANPP) across all tropical forests, but this relationship was driven by distinct temperature differences between upland and lowland forests. Within lowland forests (< 1000 m), a regression tree analysis revealed that foliar and soil-based measurements of phosphorus (P) were the only variables that explained a significant proportion of the variation in ANPP, although the relationships were weak. However, foliar P, foliar nitrogen (N), litter decomposition rate (k), soil N and soil respiration were all directly related with total surface (0-10 cm) soil P concentrations. Our analysis provides some evidence that P availability regulates NPP and other ecosystem processes in lowland tropical forests, but more importantly, underscores the need for a series of large-scale nutrient manipulations - especially in lowland forests - to elucidate the most important nutrient interactions and controls. C1 [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.; Taylor, Philip; Wieder, William R.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alvarez-Clare, Silvia] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Alvarez-Clare, Silvia] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bustamante, Mercedes M. C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Chuyong, George] Univ Buea, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Buea, Cameroon. [Dobrowski, Solomon Z.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Grierson, Pauline] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol M090, Crawley, WA 6016, Australia. [Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Harms, Kyle E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Marklein, Alison] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Porder, Stephen] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Sierra, Carlos A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biol Proc, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Silver, Whendee L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tanner, Edmund V. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM cory.cleveland@umontana.edu RI Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Grierson, Pauline/A-9240-2008; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Marklein, Alison/I-3255-2016; OI Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Grierson, Pauline/0000-0003-2135-0272; Marklein, Alison/0000-0002-0865-5816; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; WIEDER, WILLIAM/0000-0001-7116-1985 FU National Science Foundation; University of California; State of California; A.W. Mellon foundation FX This paper is a contribution from the Tropical Nutrient Limitation working group at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (funded by the National Science Foundation), the University of California and the State of California. We thank the staff of NCEAS for logistical and technical support, R. Rawlinson for assistance with figure production and the anonymous many others that helped locate data and assemble the database. We are also grateful to three anonymous referees and to D. Hooper for valuable comments on the submitted manuscript. C.C. wishes to acknowledge financial support from the A.W. Mellon foundation through a grant to investigate nutrient cycling in tropical forests. NR 97 TC 132 Z9 140 U1 16 U2 228 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 14 IS 9 BP 939 EP 947 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804BI UT WOS:000293628300014 PM 21749602 ER PT J AU Young, JA van Manen, FT Thatcher, CA AF Young, John A. van Manen, Frank T. Thatcher, Cindy A. TI Geographic Profiling to Assess the Risk of Rare Plant Poaching in Natural Areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American ginseng; Geospatial; Model; AHP; Geographic profiling; Poaching ID MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING; GIS; ENFORCEMENT; MODELS; PARK AB We demonstrate the use of an expert-assisted spatial model to examine geographic factors influencing the poaching risk of a rare plant (American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L.) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Following principles of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we identified a hierarchy of 11 geographic factors deemed important to poaching risk and requested law enforcement personnel of the National Park Service to rank those factors in a series of pair-wise comparisons. We used those comparisons to determine statistical weightings of each factor and combined them into a spatial model predicting poaching risk. We tested the model using 69 locations of previous poaching incidents recorded by law enforcement personnel. These locations occurred more frequently in areas predicted by the model to have a higher risk of poaching than random locations. The results of our study can be used to evaluate resource protection strategies and to target law enforcement activities. C1 [Young, John A.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr,So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Thatcher, Cindy A.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jyoung@usgs.gov; vanmanen@utk.edu; thatcherc@usgs.gov OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU National Park Service FX This project was funded by the National Park Service, Natural Resources Protection Program through the Appalachian Chain Demonstration Project. We thank E. Clark, J. Yorkey, D. Hurlbert, W. Cass, and A. Williams of the NPS and K. Johnson of the Institute for Conservation Law Enforcement at James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia for project guidance, assistance with implementing surveys, and access to data. We also thank the conservation law enforcement rangers of the NPS for participation in the survey. We thank A. Rafter for gathering data and assisting in early versions of this modeling exercise. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 48 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9687-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 804EF UT WOS:000293636400017 PM 21598035 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Gillevet, PM Pohlman, JW Sikaroodi, M Greinert, J Coffin, RB AF Hamdan, Leila J. Gillevet, Patrick M. Pohlman, John W. Sikaroodi, Masoumeh Greinert, Jens Coffin, Richard B. TI Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; AOM; marine sediment; methane; sulfate; 454-pyrosequencing ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; COLD SEEP SEDIMENTS; GAS HYDRATE; DEEP-SEA; HIKURANGI MARGIN; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Sediments from the Porangahau ridge, located off the northeastern coast of New Zealand, were studied to describe bacterial community structure in conjunction with differing biogeochemical regimes across the ridge. Low diversity was observed in sediments from an eroded basin seaward of the ridge and the community was dominated by uncultured members of the Burkholderiales. Chloroflexi/GNS and Deltaproteobacteria were abundant in sediments from a methane seep located landward of the ridge. Gas-charged and organic-rich sediments further landward had the highest overall diversity. Surface sediments, with the exception of those from the basin, were dominated by Rhodobacterales sequences associated with organic matter deposition. Taxa related to the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus and the JS1 candidates were highly abundant at the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) at three sites. To determine how community structure was influenced by terrestrial, pelagic and in situ substrates, sequence data were statistically analyzed against geochemical data (e.g. sulfate, chloride, nitrogen, phosphorous, methane, bulk inorganic and organic carbon pools) using the Biota-Environmental matching procedure. Landward of the ridge, sulfate was among the most significant structuring factors. Seaward of the ridge, silica and ammonium were important structuring factors. Regardless of the transect location, methane was the principal structuring factor on SMTZ communities. C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.; Coffin, Richard B.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Microbiome Anal Ctr, Manassas, VA USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Greinert, Jens] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Geol, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009; OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729; Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division Young Investigator Program and the Office of Naval Research platform support program. We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Tangaroa for field assistance, Roswell Downer and Layton Bryant for sample recovery, Rebecca Plummer and Dillon Gustafson for laboratory assistance and Ingo Pecher and Suzannah Toulmin for helpful discussions. We thank Co-Chief Scientists Ingo Pecher and Stewart Henrys and the CHARMNZ science party for their support of this study. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 77 IS 3 BP 518 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 804WJ UT WOS:000293684700005 PM 21595727 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Soranno, PA Webster, KE Cheruvelil, KS AF Wagner, Tyler Soranno, Patricia A. Webster, Katherine E. Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence TI Landscape drivers of regional variation in the relationship between total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; ecological drainage unit; eutrophication; lake productivity; total phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationships ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; BAYESIAN MEASURES; FRESH-WATER; SCALE; NUTRIENTS; NITROGEN; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; VARIANCE AB 1. For north temperate lakes, the well-studied empirical relationship between phosphorus (as measured by total phosphorus, TP), the most commonly limiting nutrient and algal biomass (as measured by chlorophyll a, CHL) has been found to vary across a wide range of landscape settings. Variation in the parameters of these TP-CHL regressions has been attributed to such lake variables as nitrogen/phosphorus ratios, organic carbon and alkalinity, all of which are strongly related to catchment characteristics (e. g. natural land cover and human land use). Although this suggests that landscape setting can help to explain much of the variation in ecoregional TP-CHL regression parameters, few studies have attempted to quantify relationships at an ecoregional spatial scale. 2. We tested the hypothesis that lake algal biomass and its predicted response to changes in phosphorus are related to both local-scale features (e.g. lake and catchment) and ecoregional-scale features, all of which affect the availability and transport of covarying solutes such as nitrogen, organic carbon and alkalinity. Specifically, we expected that land use and cover, acting at both local and ecoregional scales, would partially explain the spatial pattern in parameters of the TP-CHL regression. 3. We used a multilevel modelling framework and data from 2105 inland lakes spanning 35 ecoregions in six US states to test our hypothesis and identify specific local and ecoregional features that explain spatial heterogeneity in TP-CHL relationships. We include variables such as lake depth, natural land cover (for instance, wetland cover in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions) and human land use (for instance, agricultural land use in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions). 4. There was substantial heterogeneity in TP-CHL relationships across the 35 ecoregions. At the local scale, CHL was negatively and positively related to lake mean depth and percentage of wooded wetlands in the catchment, respectively. At the ecoregional scale, the slope parameter was positively related to the percentage of pasture in an ecoregion, indicating that CHL tends to respond more rapidly to changes in TP where there are high levels of agricultural pasture than where there is little. The intercept (i.e. the ecoregion-average CHL) was negatively related to the percentage of wooded wetlands in the ecoregion. 5. By explicitly accounting for the hierarchical nature of lake-landscape interactions, we quantified the effects of landscape characteristics on the response of CHL to TP at two spatial scales. We provide new insight into ecoregional drivers of the rate at which algal biomass responds to changes in nutrient concentrations. Our results also indicate that the direction and magnitude of the effects of certain land use and cover characteristics on lake nutrient dynamics may be scale dependent and thus likely to represent different underlying mechanisms regulating lake productivity. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Soranno, Patricia A.; Webster, Katherine E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.; Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Queens Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu RI Brousseau, Andrew/F-9478-2011; OI Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1811 EP 1824 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 802PJ UT WOS:000293523200009 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Scott, ML Shafroth, PB Schmidt, JC AF Dean, D. J. Scott, M. L. Shafroth, P. B. Schmidt, J. C. TI Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and dendrogeomorphic analyses of rapid floodplain formation along the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park, Texas SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RIVER DRAINAGE-BASIN; VERTICAL ACCRETION; GREEN RIVER; COLORADO PLATEAU; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POWDER RIVER; VEGETATION; UTAH; SINGLE; LUMINESCENCE AB The channel of the lower Rio Grande in the Big Bend region rapidly narrows during years of low mean and peak flow. We conducted stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and dendrogeomorphic analyses within two long floodplain trenches to precisely reconstruct the timing and processes of recent floodplain formation. We show that the channel of the Rio Grande narrowed through the oblique and vertical accretion of inset floodplains following channel-widening floods in 1978 and 1990-1991. Vertical accretion occurred at high rates, ranging from 16 to 35 cm/yr. Dendrogeomorphic analyses show that the onset of channel narrowing occurred during low-flow years when channel bars obliquely and vertically accreted fine sediment. This initial stage of accretion occurred by both bedload and suspended-load deposition within the active channel. Vegetation became established on top of these fine-grained deposits during years of low peak flow and stabilized these developing surfaces. Subsequent deposition by moderate floods (between 1.5 and 7 yr recurrence intervals) caused additional accretion at rapid rates. Suspended-sediment deposition was dominant in the upper deposits, resulting in the formation of natural levees at the channel margins and the deposition of horizontally bedded, fining-upward deposits in the floodplain trough. Overall, channel narrowing and floodplain formation occurred through an evolution from active-channel to floodplain depositional processes. High-resolution dendrogeomorphic analyses provide the ability to specifically correlate the flow record to the onset of narrowing, the establishment of riparian vegetation, the formation of natural levees, and ultimately, the conversion of portions of the active channel to floodplains. C1 [Dean, D. J.; Schmidt, J. C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Scott, M. L.; Shafroth, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM david.dean@usu.edu FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program FX This study was primarily funded by the National Park Service. Dendrogeomorphic analysis was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program. We thank the staff of Big Bend National Park for accommodating our research and housing needs. Special thanks go to Big Bend National Park physical scientist Jeff Bennett and botanist Joe Sirotnak for their unwavering support and constructive ideas. Thanks are also due to Big Bend National Park staff Raymond Skiles, Billie Brauch, Jeff Sartain, Albert-Silva, and Frank Aguirre for logistical support, field work, and trench excavation. We thank Julie Roth and Jonathan Friedman for significant contributions to the dendrogeomorphic methods and analyses, Jason Alexander, Jon Harvey, and Tyler Logan for their field assistance, Joel Pederson, Nicholas Allmendinger, Jonathan Friedman, and Andrew Wilcox for their comments and suggestions on early drafts of this manuscript, and James Pizzuto and Richard Hereford for their constructive reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2011 VL 123 IS 9-10 BP 1908 EP 1925 DI 10.1130/B30379.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 799KR UT WOS:000293286100015 ER PT J AU Mueller, T Olson, KA Dressler, G Leimgruber, P Fuller, TK Nicolson, C Novaro, AJ Bolgeri, MJ Wattles, D DeStefano, S Calabrese, JM Fagan, WF AF Mueller, Thomas Olson, Kirk A. Dressler, Gunnar Leimgruber, Peter Fuller, Todd K. Nicolson, Craig Novaro, Andres J. Bolgeri, Maria J. Wattles, David DeStefano, Stephen Calabrese, Justin M. Fagan, William F. TI How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: a multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Animal movements; landscape dynamics; migration; NDVI; relocation data; ungulates ID GAZELLES PROCAPRA-GUTTUROSA; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; MIGRATION; SATELLITE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS; PRODUCTIVITY; SERENGETI; MAMMALS AB Aim To demonstrate how the interrelations of individual movements form large-scale population-level movement patterns and how these patterns are associated with the underlying landscape dynamics by comparing ungulate movements across species. Locations Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada, temperate forests in Massachusetts, Patagonian Steppes in Argentina, Eastern Steppes in Mongolia. Methods We used relocation data from four ungulate species (barren-ground caribou, Mongolian gazelle, guanaco and moose) to examine individual movements and the interrelation of movements among individuals. We applied and developed a suite of spatial metrics that measure variation in movement among individuals as population dispersion, movement coordination and realized mobility. Taken together, these metrics allowed us to quantify and distinguish among different large-scale population-level movement patterns such as migration, range residency and nomadism. We then related the population-level movement patterns to the underlying landscape vegetation dynamics via long-term remote sensing measurements of the temporal variability, spatial variability and unpredictability of vegetation productivity. Results Moose, which remained in sedentary home ranges, and guanacos, which were partially migratory, exhibited relatively short annual movements associated with landscapes having very little broad-scale variability in vegetation. Caribou and gazelle performed extreme long-distance movements that were associated with broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity during the peak of the growing season. Caribou exhibited regular seasonal migration in which individuals were clustered for most of the year and exhibited coordinated movements. In contrast, gazelle were nomadic, as individuals were independently distributed and moved in an uncoordinated manner that relates to the comparatively unpredictable (yet broad-scale) vegetation dynamics of their landscape. Main conclusions We show how broad-scale landscape unpredictability may lead to nomadism, an understudied type of long-distance movement. In contrast to classical migration where landscapes may vary at broad scales but in a predictable manner, long-distance movements of nomadic individuals are uncoordinated and independent from other such individuals. Landscapes with little broad-scale variability in vegetation productivity feature smaller-scale movements and allow for range residency. Nomadism requires distinct integrative conservation strategies that facilitate long-distance movements across the entire landscape and are not limited to certain migration corridors. C1 [Mueller, Thomas; Dressler, Gunnar; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mueller, Thomas; Leimgruber, Peter; Calabrese, Justin M.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Olson, Kirk A.; Fuller, Todd K.; Nicolson, Craig] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Novaro, Andres J.] Argentine Res Council, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina. [Novaro, Andres J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina. [Bolgeri, Maria J.] Argentine Sci Agcy, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina. [Bolgeri, Maria J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-8371 Junin De Los Andes, Neuqen, Argentina. [Wattles, David; DeStefano, Stephen] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Calabrese, Justin M.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Mueller, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, BioPsych Bldg,Room 3205, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM muellert@gmail.com RI Calabrese, Justin/B-9131-2012; Mueller, Thomas/A-1740-2014; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Mueller, Thomas/0000-0001-9305-7716; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608224, DEB-0743557, DEB-0743385]; Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife; Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; Science Agency of Argentina [34120]; Wildlife Conservation Society FX Funding was provided in part by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0608224, DEB-0743557, DEB-0743385), the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Science Agency of Argentina (PICT grant 34120) and the Wildlife Conservation Society. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 12 U2 122 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 805BN UT WOS:000293701300004 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Franson, JC Gill, RE Meteyer, CU TeSlaa, JL Nashold, S Dusek, RJ Ip, HS AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Franson, J. Christian Gill, Robert E. Meteyer, Carol U. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Nashold, Sean Dusek, Robert J. Ip, Hon S. TI Experimental challenge and pathology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in dunlin (Calidris alpina), an intercontinental migrant shorebird species SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Dunlin; experimental infection; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; pathology; shorebird ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; A VIRUSES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; NORTH-AMERICA; WILD BIRDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WATERFOWL; ALASKA; DUCKS AB Background Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are considered one of the primary reservoirs of avian influenza. Because these species are highly migratory, there is concern that infected shorebirds may be a mechanism by which highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 could be introduced into North America from Asia. Large numbers of dunlin (Calidris alpina) migrate from wintering areas in central and eastern Asia, where HPAIV H5N1 is endemic, across the Bering Sea to breeding areas in Alaska. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus has been previously detected in dunlin, and thus, dunlin represent a potential risk to transport HPAIV to North America. To date no experimental challenge studies have been performed in shorebirds. Methods Wild dunlin were inoculated intranasally and intrachoanally various doses of HPAIV H5N1. The birds were monitored daily for virus excretion, disease signs, morbidity, and mortality. Results The infectious dose of HPAIV H5N1 in dunlin was determined to be 10(1.7) EID(50)/100 mu l and that the lethal dose was 10(1.83) EID(50)/100 mu l. Clinical signs were consistent with neurotropic disease, and histochemical analyses revealed that infection was systemic with viral antigen and RNA most consistently found in brain tissues. Infected birds excreted relatively large amounts of virus orally (10(4) EID(50)) and smaller amounts cloacally. Conclusions Dunlin are highly susceptible to infection with HPAIV H5N1. They become infected after exposure to relatively small doses of the virus and if they become infected, they are most likely to suffer mortality within 3-5 days. These results have important implications regarding the risks of transport and transmission of HPAIV H5N1 to North America by this species and raises questions for further investigation. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Franson, J. Christian; Meteyer, Carol U.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Nashold, Sean; Dusek, Robert J.; Ip, Hon S.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Gill, Robert E.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU USGS FX The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dan Ruthrauff, Matthew Sexson, Maksim Dementyev, Ty Donnelly, Dejan Stojanovic, and T. Lee Tibbitts for their dedicated efforts to capture, house, and transport these birds under field conditions. Jennifer Brunner helped with animal care at the USGS NWHC, and we thank Allison Klein and Douglas Berndt for their efforts trimming the histological samples and the staff of the Department of Pathology Histology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, for their assistance with the IHC analyses. Dr. David Swayne at the USDA Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory generously provided the HPAI virus isolate. Funds for this study were provided by the USGS. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD SEP PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00238.x PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 805RX UT WOS:000293747800011 PM 21668687 ER PT J AU Burton, JA Hallgren, SW Fuhlendorf, SD Leslie, DM AF Burton, Jesse A. Hallgren, Stephen W. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Understory response to varying fire frequencies after 20 years of prescribed burning in an upland oak forest SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire frequency; Foliar cover; Herbaceous plants; Species richness; Understory diversity ID PINE-GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS; WOODLANDS; PALUSTRIS; REGIMES; LITTER AB Ecosystems in the eastern United States that were shaped by fire over thousands of years of anthropogenic burning recently have been subjected to fire suppression resulting in significant changes in vegetation composition and structure and encroachment by invasive species. Renewed interest in use of fire to manage such ecosystems will require knowledge of effects of fire regime on vegetation. We studied the effects of one aspect of the fire regime, fire frequency, on biomass, cover and diversity of understory vegetation in upland oak forests prescribe-burned for 20 years at different frequencies ranging from zero to five fires per decade. Overstory canopy closure ranged from 88 to 96% and was not affected by fire frequency indicating high tolerance of large trees for even the most frequent burning. Understory species richness and cover was dominated by woody reproduction followed in descending order by forbs, C3 graminoids, C4 grasses, and legumes. Woody plant understory cover did not change with fire frequency and increased 30% from one to three years after a burn. Both forbs and C3 graminoids showed a linear increase in species richness and cover as fire frequency increased. In contrast, C4 grasses and legumes did not show a response to fire frequency. The reduction of litter by fire may have encouraged regeneration of herbaceous plants and helped explain the positive response of forbs and C3 graminoids to increasing fire frequency. Our results showed that herbaceous biomass, cover, and diversity can be managed with long-term prescribed fire under the closed canopy of upland oak forests. C1 [Hallgren, Stephen W.; Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Burton, Jesse A.] Natl Pk Serv, Tupelo, MS 38804 USA. RP Hallgren, SW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM steve.hallgren@okstate.edu RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011; Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402; FU Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-160-R]; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Michael W. Palmer for assistance with study design, analyses, and specimen identification, Mark S. Gregory for help with GIS and GPS methods and Bruce H. and Louise D. Burton, Ryan D. DeSantis, Ryan J. Williams, Amber D. Breland, Glen M. Hensley, and Stephen L. Winter for assistance with field sampling. Funding was provided by the Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-160-R of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University. The project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). The project received partial funding from the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 212 IS 9 BP 1513 EP 1525 DI 10.1007/s11258-011-9926-y PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 800FB UT WOS:000293344100010 ER PT J AU Schoellhamer, DH AF Schoellhamer, David H. TI Sudden Clearing of Estuarine Waters upon Crossing the Threshold from Transport to Supply Regulation of Sediment Transport as an Erodible Sediment Pool is Depleted: San Francisco Bay, 1999 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuary; Sediment; Turbidity; Estuarine sediment transport; Suspended sediment; Sediment supply; Geomorphology; San Francisco Bay; Bed sediment; Bottom sediment; Sedimentation; Deposition; Aggradation; Degradation; Erosion; Resuspension; Erodible sediment pool; Sudden clearing; Suspended-sediment concentration ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CALIFORNIA; RIVER; FLUX; PHYTOPLANKTON; TURBIDITY; PATTERNS; MERCURY; USA; MECHANISMS AB The quantity of suspended sediment in an estuary is regulated either by transport, where energy or time needed to suspend sediment is limiting, or by supply, where the quantity of erodible sediment is limiting. This paper presents a hypothesis that suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries can suddenly decrease when the threshold from transport to supply regulation is crossed as an erodible sediment pool is depleted. This study was motivated by a statistically significant 36% step decrease in SSC in San Francisco Bay from water years 1991-1998 to 1999-2007. A quantitative conceptual model of an estuary with an erodible sediment pool and transport or supply regulation of sediment transport is developed. Model results confirm that, if the regulation threshold was crossed in 1999, SSC would decrease rapidly after water year 1999 as observed. Estuaries with a similar history of a depositional sediment pulse followed by erosion may experience sudden clearing. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Schoellhamer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dschoell@usgs.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District FX I would like to thank those that have helped collect, process, and publish the continuous SSC data: Rick Adorador, Greg Brewster, Paul Buchanan, Laurie Campbell, Mike Farber, Amber Forest, Neil Ganju, Tom Hankins, Megan Lionberger, Allan Mlodnosky, Tara Morgan, Heather Ramil, Cathy Ruhl, Rob Sheipline, Brad Sullivan, and Jessica Wood. Bruce Jaffe, Neil Ganju, John Oram, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this article. This work was supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, as part of the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary. NR 63 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 5 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9382-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 798EQ UT WOS:000293185800001 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ AF Drexler, Judith Z. TI Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Inorganic sedimentation; Organic accumulation; Peat; Tidal marsh; Vertical accretion ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SEA-LEVEL; COASTAL WETLANDS; ACCRETION RATES; CARBON BALANCE; SALT MARSHES; SEDIMENTATION; ACCUMULATION; CALIBRATION; PATTERNS AB The purpose of this study was to determine peat formation processes throughout the millennia in four tidal marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Peat cores collected at each site were analyzed for bulk density, loss on ignition, and percent organic carbon. Core data and spline fit age-depth models were used to estimate inorganic sedimentation, organic accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates in the marshes. Bulk density and percent organic matter content of peat fluctuated through time at all sites, suggesting that peat formation processes are dynamic and responsive to watershed conditions. The balance between inorganic sedimentation and organic accumulation at the sites also varied through time, indicating that marshes may rely more strongly on either inorganic or organic matter for peat formation at particular times in their existence. Mean carbon sequestration rates found in this study (0.38-0.79 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1)) were similar to other long-term estimates for temperate peatlands. C1 US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov FU California Resources Agency [F-O3-RE-029] FX This study was funded by the CALFED Science Program of the California Resources Agency, Agreement #F-O3-RE-029. I am grateful to Jim Orlando, Jacob Fleck, Matt Kerlin, Curt Battenfeld, Stephanie Wong, Patricia Orlando, and Nicole Lunning for their help in the field and lab. I also want to thank Christian de Fontaine for his excellent leadership of the field and lab components of this research. Thomas Brown was instrumental in providing expertise and assistance regarding the radiocarbon analyses. Peat core analyses would not have been possible without the facilities provided by Greg Pasternack at the University of California, Davis. Skip Vecchia provided helpful statistical advice. Brian Atwater, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2011 VL 34 IS 5 BP 900 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 798EQ UT WOS:000293185800002 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Kauffman, MJ AF Sawyer, Hall Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Stopover ecology of a migratory ungulate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brownian bridge movement model; migration routes; movement corridors; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; phenology; stopover ecology; ungulate migration ID MULE DEER; LARGE HERBIVORES; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION GROWTH; PLANT PHENOLOGY; BIRD MIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOVEMENT AB 1. Birds that migrate long distances use stopover sites to optimize fuel loads and complete migration as quickly as possible. Stopover use has been predicted to facilitate a time-minimization strategy in land migrants as well, but empirical tests have been lacking, and alternative migration strategies have not been considered. 2. We used fine-scale movement data to evaluate the ecological role of stopovers in migratory mule deer Odocoileus hemionus - a land migrant whose fitness is strongly influenced by energy intake rather than migration speed. 3. Although deer could easily complete migrations (range 18-144 km) in several days, they took an average of 3 weeks and spent 95% of that time in a series of stopover sites that had higher forage quality than movement corridors. Forage quality of stopovers increased with elevation and distance from winter range. Mule deer use of stopovers corresponded with a narrow phenological range, such that deer occupied stopovers 44 days prior to peak green-up, when forage quality was presumed to be highest. Mule deer used one stopover for every 5 3 and 6 7 km travelled during spring and autumn migrations, respectively, and used the same stopovers in consecutive years. 4. Study findings indicate that stopovers play a key role in the migration strategy of mule deer by allowing individuals to migrate in concert with plant phenology and maximize energy intake rather than speed. Our results suggest that stopover use may be more common among non-avian taxa than previously thought and, although the underlying migration strategies of temperate ungulates and birds are quite different, stopover use is important to both. 5. Exploring the role of stopovers in land migrants broadens the scope of stopover ecology and recognizes that the applied and theoretical benefits of stopover ecology need not be limited to avian taxa. C1 [Sawyer, Hall] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com FU University of Wyoming's School of Energy Resources; Wildlife Heritage Foundation of Wyoming; US Geological Survey's Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative; Anadarko Petroleum Company; Bureau of Land Management; Questar Exploration and Production FX We thank R. M. Nielson and T. L. McDonald for statistical consultation and S. Lanning and R. Klaver for image processing. D. Doak, S. Buskirk, A. Middleton, C. McCarthy and N. Korfanta helped refine earlier drafts of the manuscript. Further input from T. Coulson, M. Wunder and J. Fryxell improved the manuscript considerably. This work was supported by the University of Wyoming's School of Energy Resources, the Wildlife Heritage Foundation of Wyoming, the US Geological Survey's Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative, and grants provided to Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc from Anadarko Petroleum Company, the Bureau of Land Management, and Questar Exploration and Production. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 10 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1087 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01845.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 798BN UT WOS:000293176400019 PM 21545586 ER PT J AU Cuffney, TF Kashuba, R Qian, SS Alameddine, I Cha, Y Lee, B Coles, JF McMahon, G AF Cuffney, Thomas F. Kashuba, Roxolana Qian, Song S. Alameddine, Ibrahim Cha, YoonKyung Lee, Boknam Coles, James F. McMahon, Gerard TI Multilevel regression models describing regional patterns of invertebrate and algal responses to urbanization across the USA SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Multilevel hierarchical regression; urbanization; benthic macroinvertebrates; algae; diatoms; agriculture; multiple spatial scales ID CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-USE; STREAMS; FRAMEWORK; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY AB Multilevel hierarchical regression was used to examine regional patterns in the responses of benthic macroinvertebrates and algae to urbanization across 9 metropolitan areas of the conterminous USA. Linear regressions established that responses (intercepts and slopes) to urbanization of invertebrates and algae varied among metropolitan areas. Multilevel hierarchical regression models were able to explain these differences on the basis of region-scale predictors. Regional differences in the type of land cover (agriculture or forest) being converted to urban and climatic factors (precipitation and air temperature) accounted for the differences in the response of macroinvertebrates to urbanization based on ordination scores, total richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera richness, and average tolerance. Regional differences in climate and antecedent agriculture also accounted for differences in the responses of salt-tolerant diatoms, but differences in the responses of other diatom metrics (% eutraphenic, % sensitive, and % silt tolerant) were best explained by regional differences in soils (mean % clay soils). The effects of urbanization were most readily detected in regions where forest lands were being converted to urban land because agricultural development significantly degraded assemblages before urbanization and made detection of urban effects difficult. The effects of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) on background conditions (biogeographic differences) and rates of response to urbanization were most apparent after accounting for the effects of agricultural development. The effects of climate and land cover on responses to urbanization provide strong evidence that monitoring, mitigation, and restoration efforts must be tailored for specific regions and that attainment goals (background conditions) may not be possible in regions with high levels of prior disturbance (e.g., agricultural development). C1 [Cuffney, Thomas F.; McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Kashuba, Roxolana; Qian, Song S.; Alameddine, Ibrahim; Cha, YoonKyung; Lee, Boknam] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Coles, James F.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Cuffney, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM tcuffney@usgs.gov; rkashuba@usgs.gov; song@duke.edu; ima4@duke.edu; yoonkyung.cha@duke.edu; boknam.lee@duke.edu; jcoles@usgs.gov; gmcmahon@usgs.gov RI Qian, Song/I-6544-2012; OI Alameddine, Ibrahim/0000-0002-8974-1985 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 37 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 797 EP 819 DI 10.1899/10-140.1 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 799TD UT WOS:000293308100016 ER PT J AU Alexander, JD Kerans, BL Koel, TM Rasmussen, C AF Alexander, Julie D. Kerans, Billie L. Koel, Todd M. Rasmussen, Charlotte TI Context-specific parasitism in Tubifex tubifex in geothermally influenced stream reaches in Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Tubifex tubifex; Myxobolus cerebralis; aquatic oligochaete ecology; host-parasite relationships; salmonid whirling disease; Yellowstone National Park; context-specific parasitism ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SAN-JUAN RIVER; WHIRLING DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; CAUSATIVE AGENT; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; CUTTHROAT TROUT AB Parasites can regulate host abundance and influence the composition and structure of communities. However, host-parasite interactions might be context-specific if environmental conditions can alter the outcome of parasitism and disease. An understanding of how host-parasite interactions might change in different contexts will be useful for predicting and managing disease against a background of anthropogenic environmental change. We examined the ecology of Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonids, and its obligate host, Tubifex tubifex, in geothermally variable stream reaches in Yellowstone National Park. We identified reaches in 4 categories of geothermal influence, which were characterized by variable substrates, temperatures, specific conductivities, and pH. In each reach, we measured aspects of host ecology (abundance, relative abundance, size, and genotype of T. tubifex), parasite ecology (infection prevalence in T. tubifex and abundance of M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex), and risk to fish of contracting whirling disease. Tubifex tubifex abundance was high all in reaches characterized by geothermal influence, whereas abundance of M. cerebralis-infected T. tubifex was high only in reaches characterized by intermediate geothermal influence. We suggest that habitat had a contextual effect on parasitism in the oligochaete host. Abundance of infected hosts appeared to depend on host abundance in all reach types except those with high geothermal influence, where abundance of infected hosts depended on environmental factors. C1 [Alexander, Julie D.; Kerans, Billie L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Sect, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Rasmussen, Charlotte] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Alexander, JD (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM alexanju@science.oregonstate.edu; bkerans@montana.edu; todd_koel@nps.gov; crasmussen@usgs.gov FU National Partnership on Management of Native and Coldwater Fisheries FX We thank S. Murcia, L. Elwell, C. Fisher, S. McGinnis, A. Hinch, J. Smith, C. Hendrix, and fisheries technicians and volunteers at the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park (2004) and 2 anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Research was funded by a grant to BLK from the National Partnership on Management of Native and Coldwater Fisheries. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 17 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 853 EP 867 DI 10.1899/10-043.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 799TD UT WOS:000293308100020 ER PT J AU Hayes, DJ McGuire, AD Kicklighter, DW Gurney, KR Burnside, TJ Melillo, JM AF Hayes, D. J. McGuire, A. D. Kicklighter, D. W. Gurney, K. R. Burnside, T. J. Melillo, J. M. TI Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening? SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PROJECTED CLIMATE; RUSSIAN FORESTS AB [1] Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major driving forces of the carbon cycle, including surface air temperature warming that is significantly greater than the global average and associated increases in the frequency and severity of disturbances. Whether Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems will continue to sequester atmospheric CO2 in the face of these dramatic changes is unknown. Here we show the results of model simulations that estimate a 41 Tg C yr(-1) sink in the boreal land regions from 1997 to 2006, which represents a 73% reduction in the strength of the sink estimated for previous decades in the late 20th century. Our results suggest that CO2 uptake by the region in previous decades may not be as strong as previously estimated. The recent decline in sink strength is the combined result of (1) weakening sinks due to warming-induced increases in soil organic matter decomposition and (2) strengthening sources from pyrogenic CO2 emissions as a result of the substantial area of boreal forest burned in wildfires across the region in recent years. Such changes create positive feedbacks to the climate system that accelerate global warming, putting further pressure on emission reductions to achieve atmospheric stabilization targets. C1 [Hayes, D. J.; Burnside, T. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kicklighter, D. W.; Melillo, J. M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Hayes, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 215 Irving I Bldg,902 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM daniel.hayes@alaska.edu RI Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012 FU NSF [OPP-0531047, DEB-0423442]; NASA [NNG05GD25G]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Program; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX This study was supported through grants provided as part of the Arctic System Science Program (NSF OPP-0531047), the North American Carbon Program (NASA NNG05GD25G), and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Program (funded jointly by NSF grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). We thank Michael S. Balshi for provision of historical fire data sets used in this study. NR 104 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 77 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 30 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB3018 DI 10.1029/2010GB003813 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816ZG UT WOS:000294640000001 ER PT J AU Johnson, MB Lafferty, KD van Oosterhout, C Cable, J AF Johnson, Mirelle B. Lafferty, Kevin D. van Oosterhout, Cock Cable, Joanne TI Parasite Transmission in Social Interacting Hosts: Monogenean Epidemics in Guppies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POECILIA-RETICULATA PISCES; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GYRODACTYLID INFECTIONS; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; TURNBULLI; PATHOGEN; FISH AB Background: Infection incidence increases with the average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals. Contact rates are normally assumed to increase linearly with host density. However, social species seek out each other at low density and saturate their contact rates at high densities. Although predicting epidemic behaviour requires knowing how contact rates scale with host density, few empirical studies have investigated the effect of host density. Also, most theory assumes each host has an equal probability of transmitting parasites, even though individual parasite load and infection duration can vary. To our knowledge, the relative importance of characteristics of the primary infected host vs. the susceptible population has never been tested experimentally. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we examine epidemics using a common ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting its guppy host (Poecilia reticulata). Hosts were maintained at different densities (3, 6, 12 and 24 fish in 40 L aquaria), and we monitored gyrodactylids both at a population and individual host level. Although parasite population size increased with host density, the probability of an epidemic did not. Epidemics were more likely when the primary infected fish had a high mean intensity and duration of infection. Epidemics only occurred if the primary infected host experienced more than 23 worm days. Female guppies contracted infections sooner than males, probably because females have a higher propensity for shoaling. Conclusions/Significance: These findings suggest that in social hosts like guppies, the frequency of social contact largely governs disease epidemics independent of host density. C1 [Johnson, Mirelle B.; Cable, Joanne] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [van Oosterhout, Cock] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. EM cablej@cardiff.ac.uk RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Cable, Joanne/A-4360-2010; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Cable, Joanne/0000-0002-8510-7055; van Oosterhout, Cock/0000-0002-5653-738X FU European Community [MTKD-CT-2005-030018] FX This work was supported by a European Community Framework Programme 6 Marie Curie Host Fellowship for transfer of knowledge (MTKD-CT-2005-030018). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 50 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 29 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22634 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022634 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 817MF UT WOS:000294676900001 PM 21897838 ER PT J AU Thompson, TM Batts, WN Faisal, M Bowser, P Casey, JW Phillips, K Garver, KA Winton, J Kurath, G AF Thompson, Tarin M. Batts, William N. Faisal, Mohamed Bowser, Paul Casey, James W. Phillips, Kenneth Garver, Kyle A. Winton, James Kurath, Gael TI Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Emerging infectious diseases; Fish disease; Fish rhabdovirus; Genotyping; Molecular epidemiology; Phylogenetic analysis; Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; VHSV ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; VHSV; USA; SUBLINEAGE; EVOLUTION; ONTARIO; CANADA AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes disease in a broad range of marine and freshwater hosts. The known geographic range includes the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and recently it has invaded the Great Lakes region of North America. The goal of this work was to characterize genetic diversity of Great Lakes VHSV isolates at the early stage of this viral emergence by comparing a partial glycoprotein (G) gene sequence (669 nt) of 108 isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 from 31 species and at 37 sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates fell into sub-lineage IVb within the major VHSV genetic group IV. Among these 108 isolates, genetic diversity was low, with a maximum of 1.05% within the 669 nt region. There were 11 unique sequences, designated vcG001 to vcG011. Two dominant sequence types, vcG001 and vcG002, accounted for 90% (97 of 108) of the isolates. The vcG001 isolates were most widespread. We saw no apparent association of sequence type with host or year of isolation, but we did note a spatial pattern, in which vcG002 isolates were more prevalent in the easternmost sub-regions, including inland New York state and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Different sequence types were found among isolates from single disease outbreaks, and mixtures of types were evident within 2 isolates from individual fish. Overall, the genetic diversity of VHSV in the Great Lakes region was found to be extremely low, consistent with an introduction of a new virus into a geographic region with previously naive host populations. C1 [Thompson, Tarin M.; Batts, William N.; Winton, James; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bowser, Paul; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Phillips, Kenneth] USFWS, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Garver, Kyle A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gkurath@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [08WRGR0006]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-38610-18387] FX The authors thank all field researchers who collected fish tissue for analysis, laboratory staff who isolated the viruses, and the many participants who contributed their time and effort to providing background information associated with each virus isolate. We also thank Dr. K. Einer-Jensen for assistance with selection of appropriate representatives of European genotypes, and Dr. R. B. Life for assistance with the phylogenetic analyses. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (Grant #08WRGR0006) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Award #2007-38610-18387). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 29 PY 2011 VL 96 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.3354/dao02362 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 814GC UT WOS:000294435100004 PM 21991663 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Campbell, KM Stubbs, JE Suvorova, E Williams, K Lezama-Pacheco, JS Blue, LY Cerrato, J Bernier-Latmani, R Giammar, DE Long, PE AF Bargar, John R. Campbell, Kate M. Stubbs, Joanne E. Suvorova, Elena Williams, Ken Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Blue, Lisa Y. Cerrato, Jose Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Giammar, Daniel E. Long, Philip E. TI Speciation and dynamics of biologically reduced uranium(IV) in the Old Rifle aquifer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Bargar, John R.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stubbs, Joanne E.] Univ Chicago, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Suvorova, Elena; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Williams, Ken] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blue, Lisa Y.; Cerrato, Jose; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 19-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378303440 ER PT J AU Booth, CJ Johnson, CJ Pedersen, JA AF Booth, Clarissa J. Johnson, Christopher J. Pedersen, Joel A. TI Proteolytic enzymes isolated from thermophilic compost rapidly degrade pathogenic prion protein SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Booth, Clarissa J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Technol Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cjbooth@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 339-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302626 ER PT J AU Chapin, T Todd, A AF Chapin, Thomas Todd, Andrew TI MiniSipper: A new high-capacity, long-duration, automated in situ water sampler for fire science monitoring SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Chapin, Thomas; Todd, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 173-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302448 ER PT J AU Craven, AM Ryan, JN Aiken, GR AF Craven, Alison M. Ryan, Joseph N. Aiken, George R. TI Effect of dissolved organic matter on the release of trace elements from coal ash SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Craven, Alison M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM alison.craven@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 6-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302787 ER PT J AU Delach, DL Lee, CM Walters, DM Dang, VD AF Delach, Diana L. Lee, Cindy M. Walters, David M. Dang, Viet D. TI Chiral signatures of subsidiary PCBs in spiders along an exposure gradient SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Delach, Diana L.; Lee, Cindy M.] Clemson Univ, Environm Toxicol Program, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Lee, Cindy M.; Dang, Viet D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ddelach@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 210-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302489 ER PT J AU Delzer, G Valder, J AF Delzer, Gregory Valder, Joshua TI Pesticides and pesticide degradates in source and finished water of community water systems supplied by rivers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Delzer, Gregory; Valder, Joshua] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment, Rapid City, SD USA. EM gcdelzer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 100-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300208 ER PT J AU Foreman, WT ReVello, RC Gray, JL AF Foreman, William T. ReVello, Rhiannon C. Gray, James L. TI Deuterium exchange complicates isotope dilution methods for steroid hormones SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Foreman, William T.; ReVello, Rhiannon C.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM wforeman@usgs.gov RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 200-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302478 ER PT J AU Gallegos, TJ Budahn, JR AF Gallegos, Tanya J. Budahn, James R. TI Geochemical and isotopic signatures of a historic Cu-U heap-leach pile, Fry Canyon, UT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Gallegos, Tanya J.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Budahn, James R.] US Geol Survey, Cent Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tgallegos@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 15-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378303436 ER PT J AU Golden, NH Noguchi, G AF Golden, Nancy H. Noguchi, George TI Consideration of nontraditional endpoints in the assessment of ecological risk under the Endangered Species Act SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Golden, Nancy H.; Noguchi, George] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Program, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. EM Nancy_Golden@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 241-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300359 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Smalling, KL Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Smalling, Kelly L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Importance of sediment analysis in monitoring current-use pesticides in streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 96-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300449 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Stricker, CA Plumlee, GS Hoefen, TM AF Holloway, Joann M. Stricker, Craig A. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Hoefen, Todd M. TI Effect of fire on soil carbon and nitrogen SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Holloway, Joann M.; Stricker, Craig A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 344-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302632 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Campbell, PL Thordsen, JJ Thomas, B Cole, DR AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Campbell, Pamela L. Thordsen, James J. Thomas, Burt Cole, David R. TI Environmental impacts of the geologic sequestration of CO2: Potential impacts from mobilized organic species SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Campbell, Pamela L.; Thordsen, James J.; Thomas, Burt] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cole, David R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 90-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378303515 ER PT J AU Murphy, SF Writer, JH AF Murphy, Sheila F. Writer, Jeffrey H. TI Spatial and temporal variations in stream chemistry after wildfire SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sfmurphy@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 169-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302443 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JA Kumar, K Booth, CJ Johnson, CJ AF Pedersen, Joel A. Kumar, Kartik Booth, Clarissa J. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Inactivation of pathogenic prion protein is modulated by attachment to montmorillonite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kumar, Kartik; Booth, Clarissa J.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Technol Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 44-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302726 ER PT J AU Plumlee, GS Hoefen, TM Morman, SA Hageman, PL Holloway, JM Martin, DA Kokaly, RA Wolf, RE Lowers, HA Swayze, GA Benzel, WM Meeker, GP Stricker, CA AF Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Hoefen, Todd M. Morman, Suzette A. Hageman, Phillip L. Holloway, Joann M. Martin, Deborah A. Kokaly, Raymond A. Wolf, Ruth E. Lowers, Heather A. Swayze, Gregg A. Benzel, William M. Meeker, Gregory P. Stricker, Craig A. TI Environmental and health hazards characterization of airfall ash, residual ash, and soils from areas burned by fifteen 2007-2010 California and Colorado wildfires at the wildland-urban interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Morman, Suzette A.; Hageman, Phillip L.; Holloway, Joann M.; Kokaly, Raymond A.; Wolf, Ruth E.; Lowers, Heather A.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Benzel, William M.; Meeker, Gregory P.; Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM gplumlee@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 168-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302442 ER PT J AU Racke, KD Bowman, LG Carnes, C AF Racke, Kenneth D. Bowman, Lori G. Carnes, Cathy TI Cranberry insect pest management and Karner Blue butterfly protection: A Wisconsin case study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Racke, Kenneth D.] Dow AgroSci, Regulatory Sci & Govt Affairs, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Bowman, Lori G.] Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI 53708 USA. [Carnes, Cathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Wisconsin Field Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM kracke@dow.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 176-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300288 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM AF Reddy, Michael M. TI Calcite growth rate inhibition by fulvic acid and magnesium ion at 25 C, pH=8.5, and calcite supersaturation (IAP/K-sp)=4.5: Potential reduction of calcite formation rate in marine calcifying organisms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Reddy, Michael M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Miss Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 144-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378301555 ER PT J AU Rockne, K Granberg, K Thai, T Miller, J Willoughby, T AF Rockne, Karl Granberg, Kelly Le Thai Miller, Jennifer Willoughby, Timothy TI Receptor modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a contaminated harbor airshed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Rockne, Karl; Granberg, Kelly] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60546 USA. [Le Thai; Miller, Jennifer] US Army Corps Engineers, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [Willoughby, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM krockne@uic.edu; kgranb3@uic.edu RI Rockne, Karl/C-1281-2008 OI Rockne, Karl/0000-0002-4976-4955 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 436-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302722 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Rutherford, DW Wershaw, RL AF Rostad, Colleen E. Rutherford, David W. Wershaw, Robert L. TI Investigation of dissolved organic carbon from water extracts of biochars by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.; Rutherford, David W.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 92-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302818 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Murphy, SF Writer, JH AF Rostad, Colleen E. Murphy, Sheila F. Writer, Jeffrey H. TI Investigation of organic components in a wildfire-applied flame retardant by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Murphy, Sheila F.; Writer, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 171-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302446 ER PT J AU Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE Wershaw, RL Calderon, FJ AF Rutherford, David W. Rostad, Colleen E. Wershaw, Robert L. Calderon, Francisco J. TI Biochar reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Calderon, Francisco J.] ARS, USDA, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM dwruther@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 316-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302604 ER PT J AU Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE Lohman, S Hale, B Wershaw, R AF Rutherford, David W. Rostad, Colleen E. Lohman, Stephen Hale, Bruce Wershaw, Robert TI Effects of wildfire on total and dissolved organic carbon that influence water treatment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.; Wershaw, Robert] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lohman, Stephen; Hale, Bruce] Denver Water Dept, Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM dwruther@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 172-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302447 ER PT J AU Sive, BC White, ML Russo, RS Haase, KB Zhou, Y Ambrose, JL Butland, L Mentis, EK Mao, HT Talbot, R AF Sive, Barkley C. White, Marguerite L. Russo, Rachel S. Haase, Karl B. Zhou, Yong Ambrose, Jesse L. Butland, Leanna Mentis, Elizabeth K. Mao, Huiting Talbot, Robert TI Spatial and temporal distributions of volatile organic compounds in New England: Key insight on secondary organic aerosol precursors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Sive, Barkley C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sive, Barkley C.; White, Marguerite L.; Russo, Rachel S.; Haase, Karl B.; Zhou, Yong; Ambrose, Jesse L.; Butland, Leanna; Mentis, Elizabeth K.; Mao, Huiting; Talbot, Robert] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Haase, Karl B.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mao, Huiting] SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Talbot, Robert] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Ambrose, Jesse L.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM bcs@ccrc.sr.unh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 337-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378306118 ER PT J AU Smith, SM Smith, DB AF Smith, Steven M. Smith, David B. TI USGS National Geochemical Database: Recovering, repackaging, and repurposing 50+ years of historical data SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Smith, Steven M.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM smsmith@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 2-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378301475 ER PT J AU Sobron, P Alpers, CN AF Sobron, Pablo Alpers, Charles N. TI Characterization of the geochemistry on Mars using LIBS and Raman spectroscopy: Implications for habitability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Sobron, Pablo] Canadian Space Agcy, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM psobron@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 45CASW PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300876 ER PT J AU Spaulding, SA Otu, M Baron, J Wolfe, AP AF Spaulding, Sarah A. Otu, Megan Baron, Jill Wolfe, Alexander P. TI Response of sensitive freshwater ecosystems to reactive nitrogen deposition in western North America SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Baron, Jill] USGS, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.; Otu, Megan] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. EM Sarah.Spaulding@Colorado.EDU NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 26-CASW PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300855 ER PT J AU Stone, W Gilliom, R AF Stone, Wesley Gilliom, Robert TI Watershed regressions for pesticides (WARP) for predicting atrazine concentrations in corn belt streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Stone, Wesley; Gilliom, Robert] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM wwstone@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 92-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300445 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Cox, LG AF Thorn, Kevin A. Cox, Larry G. TI Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Water Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 68-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378303625 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA AF Thorn, Kevin A. TI N-15 NMR studies on the reaction of aromatic amines with soil organic matter to form bound residues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Water Discipline, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 4-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300389 ER PT J AU Vecchia, A Ryberg, K AF Vecchia, Aldo Ryberg, Karen TI Time series model for estimating pesticide exceedance probabilities for streams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Vecchia, Aldo; Ryberg, Karen] US Geol Survey, N Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM avecchia@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016 OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 119-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378300227 ER PT J AU Webster, JP Kamark, BL Ottenfeldt, CF Ryan, JN Aiken, GR Nagy, KL Nano, G Manceau, A AF Webster, Jackson P. Kamark, Benjamin L. Ottenfeldt, Chelsea F. Ryan, Joseph N. Aiken, George R. Nagy, Kathryn L. Nano, Genevieve Manceau, Alain TI Changes in soil-mercury binding capacities in forested watersheds following natural and prescribed wildfire SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Webster, Jackson P.; Kamark, Benjamin L.; Ottenfeldt, Chelsea F.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Nagy, Kathryn L.; Nano, Genevieve] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Manceau, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, ISTerre Maison Geosci, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM jackson.webster@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 345-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302633 ER PT J AU Wershaw, RL Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE Saad, NMR AF Wershaw, Robert L. Rutherford, David W. Rostad, Colleen E. Saad, Nabil M. R. TI Carbon isotopic fractionation as a function of charring temperature during the production of biochar SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Wershaw, Robert L.; Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Saad, Nabil M. R.] Picarro Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 317-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302605 ER PT J AU Wershaw, RL Rutherford, DW Rostad, CE AF Wershaw, Robert L. Rutherford, David W. Rostad, Colleen E. TI Modeling the physical and chemical interactions of natural organic matter in soils: General principles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Wershaw, Robert L.; Rutherford, David W.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rwershaw@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 318-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302606 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Ryan, JN Keefe, SK Barber, LB AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Ryan, Joseph N. Keefe, Steffanie K. Barber, Larry B. TI Fate of 17b-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol in the Redwood River of Minnesota SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Keefe, Steffanie K.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM writer@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 73-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302799 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Murphy, SF AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Murphy, Sheila F. TI Carbon and nitrogen export from a burned watershed and impacts on stream ecology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Murphy, Sheila F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM writer@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 170-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302445 ER PT J AU Schroth, AW Crusius, J Chever, F Bostick, BC Rouxel, OJ AF Schroth, Andrew W. Crusius, John Chever, Fanny Bostick, Benjamin C. Rouxel, Olivier J. TI Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; FRACTIONATION; WATER; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; MATTER; OCEAN; FE AB Riverine iron (Fe) derived from glacial weathering is a critical micronutrient source to ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). Here we demonstrate that the source and chemical nature of riverine Fe input to the GoA could change dramatically due to the widespread watershed deglaciation that is underway. We examine Fe size partitioning, speciation, and isotopic composition in tributaries of the Copper River which exemplify a long-term GoA watershed evolution from one strongly influenced by glacial weathering to a boreal-forested watershed. Iron fluxes from glacierized tributaries bear high suspended sediment and colloidal Fe loads of mixed valence silicate species, with low concentrations of dissolved Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Iron isotopic composition is indicative of mechanical weathering as the Fe source. Conversely, Fe fluxes from boreal-forested systems have higher dissolved Fe concentrations corresponding to higher DOC concentrations. Iron colloids and suspended sediment consist of Fe (hydr)oxides and organic complexes. These watersheds have an iron isotopic composition indicative of an internal chemical processing source. We predict that as the GoA watershed evolves due to deglaciation, so will the source, flux, and chemical nature of riverine Fe loads, which could have significant ramifications for Alaskan marine and freshwater ecosystems. Citation: Schroth, A. W., J. Crusius, F. Chever, B. C. Bostick, and O. J. Rouxel (2011), Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16605, doi:10.1029/2011GL048367. C1 [Schroth, Andrew W.; Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rouxel, Olivier J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bostick, Benjamin C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Chever, Fanny; Rouxel, Olivier J.] Univ Brest, European Inst Marine Studies, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Rouxel, Olivier J.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schroth, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aschroth@usgs.gov RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014 FU USGS CMGP; NCCWSC; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program FX We appreciate support from the USGS CMGP, NCCWSC, and the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Program. We thank D. Eberl (USGS Boulder) for XRD analyses, A. Shiller for valuable insight, and I. Hoyer for GIS work. We thank J. Bargar and J. Rogers at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, run by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE office of Basic Sciences. Reviews by E. Sholkovitz, J. Pohlman and two anonymous reviewers improved the paper. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L16605 DI 10.1029/2011GL048367 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 813LM UT WOS:000294368100002 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB McGarr, A AF Fletcher, J. B. McGarr, A. TI Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; EARTHQUAKES; BENEATH; STRESS; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; LIMITS AB By averaging the spectra of events within two episodes of tremor (on Jan. 21 and 24, 2005) across the 12 stations of UPSAR, we improved the S/N sufficiently to define source spectra. Analysis of eleven impulsive events revealed attenuation-corrected spectra of displacement similar to those of earthquakes, with a low-frequency plateau, a corner frequency, and a high frequency decay proportional to f(-2). Seismic moments, M-0, estimated from these spectra range from about 3 to 10 x 10(11) N-m or moment magnitudes in the range 1.6 to 1.9. The corner frequencies range from 2.6 to 7.2 Hz and, if interpreted in the same way as for earthquakes, indicate low stress drops that vary from 0.001 to 0.04 MPa. Seismic energies, estimated from the ground motion spectra, vary from 0.2 x 10(5) to 4.4 x 10(5) J, or apparent stresses in the range 0.002 to 0.02 MPa. The low stress parameters are consistent with a weak fault zone in the lower crust at the depth of tremor. In contrast, the same analysis on a micro-earthquake, located near Cholame (depth = 10.3 km), revealed a stress drop of 0.5 MPa and an apparent stress of 0.02 MPa. Residual spectra from omega(-2) model fits to the displacement spectra of the non-volcanic tremor events show peaks near 4 Hz that are not apparent in the spectra for the microearthquake nor for the spectrum of earth noise. These spectral peaks may indicate that tremor entails more than shear failure reminiscent of mechanisms, possibly entailing fluid flow, associated with volcanic tremor or deep volcanic earthquakes. Citation: Fletcher, J. B., and A. McGarr (2011), Moments, magnitudes, and radiated energies of non-volcanic tremor near Cholame, CA, from ground motion spectra at UPSAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16314, doi:10.1029/2011GL048636. C1 [Fletcher, J. B.; McGarr, A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jfletcher@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L16314 DI 10.1029/2011GL048636 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 813LJ UT WOS:000294367800010 ER PT J AU Thelen, W Malone, S West, M AF Thelen, Weston Malone, Steve West, Michael TI Multiplets: Their behavior and utility at dacitic and andesitic volcanic centers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; RELATIVE RELOCATION; BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO; DOME ERUPTIONS; UNZEN VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKES; MICROEARTHQUAKES; MONTSERRAT; SWARMS AB Multiplets, or groups of earthquakes with similar waveforms, are commonly observed at volcanoes, particularly those exhibiting unrest. Using triggered seismic data from the 1980-1986 Mount St. Helens (MSH) eruption, we have constructed a catalog of multiplet occurrence. Our analysis reveals that the occurrence of multiplets is related, at least in part, to the viscosity of the magma. We also constructed catalogs of multiplet occurrence using continuous seismic data from the 2004 eruption at MSH and 2007 eruption at Bezymianny Volcano, Russia. Prior to explosions at MSH in 2004 and Bezymianny in 2007, the multiplet proportion of total seismicity (MPTS) declined, while the average amplitudes and standard deviations of the average amplitude increased. The life spans of multiplets (time between the first and last event) were also shorter prior to explosions than during passive lava extrusion. Dome-forming eruptions that include a partially solidified plug, like MSH (1983-1986 and 2004-2008), often possess multiplets with longer life spans and MPTS values exceeding 50%. Conceptually, the relatively unstable environment prior to explosions is characterized by large and variable stress gradients brought about by rapidly changing overpressures within the conduit. We infer that such complex stress fields affect the number of concurrent families, MPTS, average amplitude, and standard deviation of the amplitude of the multiplets. We also argue that multiplet detection may be an important new monitoring tool for determining the timing of explosions and in forecasting the type of eruption. C1 [Thelen, Weston; Malone, Steve] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [West, Michael] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Thelen, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM wthelen@usgs.gov; steve@ess.washington.edu; west@gi.alaska.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B08210 DI 10.1029/2010JB007924 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 813JP UT WOS:000294363000003 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Isaak, DJ Luce, CH Neville, HM Fausch, KD Dunham, JB Dauwalter, DC Young, MK Elsner, MM Rieman, BE Hamlet, AF Williams, JE AF Wenger, Seth J. Isaak, Daniel J. Luce, Charles H. Neville, Helen M. Fausch, Kurt D. Dunham, Jason B. Dauwalter, Daniel C. Young, Michael K. Elsner, Marketa M. Rieman, Bruce E. Hamlet, Alan F. Williams, Jack E. TI Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global change; hydrology; invasive species; niche model; distribution modeling ID BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; STREAM TEMPERATURES; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; SALMO-TRUTTA; BULL TROUT; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km(2)), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations. C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.; Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Elsner, Marketa M.; Hamlet, Alan F.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Williams, Jack E.] Trout Unltd, Medford, OR 97501 USA. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM swenger@tu.org RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes [2008-0087-000]; US Geological Survey [G09AC00050]; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) FX The fish data used in this study were compiled from multiple sources, including a previous database of sites in the range of westslope cutthroat trout (48), which included data from the Idaho Fish and Game's General Parr Monitoring database and other sources. Additional data were provided by Bart Gammett, James Capurso, Mark Novak, Steven Kujala, Daniel Abeyta, and Paul Cowley; Joseph Benjamin; Hilda Sexauer; Kevin Meyer; Brad Shepard; Dona Horan; and Harry Vermillion. David Nagel, Sharon Parkes, and Gwynne Chandler helped to develop the dataset and GIS layers. Expert advice over the course of the study was provided by Russ Thurow, John Buffington, and Jim McKean. This manuscript was substantially improved by comments from Robert Al-Chokhachy, Dana Warren, two anonymous reviewers and the editor. This work was funded by Grant 2008-0087-000 of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's Keystone Initiative for Freshwater Fishes, US Geological Survey Grant G09AC00050, and a contract from the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS). NR 48 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 19 U2 192 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 34 BP 14175 EP 14180 DI 10.1073/pnas.1103097108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 810XO UT WOS:000294163500063 PM 21844354 ER PT J AU Beard, TD Arlinghaus, R Cooke, SJ McIntyre, PB De Silva, S Bartley, D Cowx, IG AF Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Arlinghaus, Robert Cooke, Steven J. McIntyre, Peter B. De Silva, Sena Bartley, Devin Cowx, Ian G. TI Ecosystem approach to inland fisheries: research needs and implementation strategies SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE inland fisheries; ecosystem approach; research agenda ID CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; WATERS AB Inland fisheries are a vital component in the livelihoods and food security of people throughout the world, as well as contributing huge recreational and economic benefits. These valuable assets are jeopardized by lack of research-based understanding of the impacts of fisheries on inland ecosystems, and similarly the impact of human activities associated with inland waters on fisheries and aquatic biodiversity. To explore this topic, an international workshop was organized in order to examine strategies to incorporate fisheries into ecosystem approaches for management of inland waters. To achieve this goal, a new research agenda is needed that focuses on: quantifying the ecosystem services provided by fresh waters; quantifying the economic, social and nutritional benefits of inland fisheries; improving assessments designed to evaluate fisheries exploitation potential; and examining feedbacks between fisheries, ecosystem productivity and aquatic biodiversity. Accomplishing these objectives will require merging natural and social science approaches to address coupled social-ecological system dynamics. C1 [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arlinghaus, Robert] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [De Silva, Sena] Network Aquaculture Ctr Asia Pacific, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. [Bartley, Devin] Food & Agr Org United Nat, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Cowx, Ian G.] Univ Hull, Hull Int Fisheries Inst, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Beard, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dbeard@usgs.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 11 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 481 EP 483 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0046 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 791CM UT WOS:000292639100001 PM 21325307 ER PT J AU Rogers, AD Fergason, RL AF Rogers, A. Deanne Fergason, Robin L. TI Regional-scale stratigraphy of surface units in Tyrrhena and Iapygia Terrae, Mars: Insights into highland crustal evolution and alteration history SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; LASER ALTIMETER; PARTICLE-SIZE; CRATER; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; TES; DISSOLUTION; INSTRUMENT; REGOLITH AB The compositional, thermophysical and geologic characteristics of surface units in Iapygia and Tyrrhena Terra (60 degrees E-100 degrees E, 0 degrees-30 degrees S) provide new insights into the compositional stratigraphy of the region. Intercrater plains are dominated by two surface units. The older unit (unit 1) is deficient in olivine and more degraded and likely consists of a mixture of impact, volcanic and sedimentary materials. The younger unit (unit 2) is enriched in olivine, exhibits a resistant morphology and higher thermal inertia, and likely represents volcanic infilling of plains. Units 1 and 2 bear a strong resemblance to those previously mapped in Mare Serpentis, a section of highlands crust located northwest of Hellas Basin. Thus, the two major intercrater plains units are even more widespread than previously thought and therefore likely constitute important components of Mars' highland stratigraphy. Many craters in the region contain high thermal inertia deposits (unit 3) that are compositionally identical to unit 2. These may have formed via volcanic infilling or may represent sedimentary materials that have been eroded from crater walls and lithified. Less common units include olivine and/or pyroxene-rich massifs and crater central peaks. These are primarily found within Hellas Basin rim units and may represent mantle materials brought toward the surface during the Hellas impact. Putative chloride deposits are primarily associated with olivine-deficient surfaces (unit 1) that may be heavily degraded occurrences of unit 2. The observations raise a variety of questions related to Martian crustal evolution and alteration that may have more widespread implications outside the study region. C1 [Rogers, A. Deanne] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fergason, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Rogers, AD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, 255 Earth & Space Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM adrogers@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 FU NASA [NNX08AL10G, NNX07AN85G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program grants NNX08AL10G (A. D. R.) and NNX07AN85G (R. L. F.) and by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. We are grateful to Joseph Michalski and an anonymous reviewer for highly useful reviews. Tim Glotch provided helpful comments. We thank Mikki Osterloo for sharing her global map of proposed chloride deposits. Finally, we thank the JMARS software developers, THEMIS engineers, mission planners, and data archivists, and CRISM multispectral summary image validation teams for straightforward and highly valuable products. NR 89 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E08005 DI 10.1029/2010JE003772 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 810OD UT WOS:000294133700001 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Birdsey, RA Fang, JY Houghton, R Kauppi, PE Kurz, WA Phillips, OL Shvidenko, A Lewis, SL Canadell, JG Ciais, P Jackson, RB Pacala, SW McGuire, AD Piao, SL Rautiainen, A Sitch, S Hayes, D AF Pan, Yude Birdsey, Richard A. Fang, Jingyun Houghton, Richard Kauppi, Pekka E. Kurz, Werner A. Phillips, Oliver L. Shvidenko, Anatoly Lewis, Simon L. Canadell, Josep G. Ciais, Philippe Jackson, Robert B. Pacala, Stephen W. McGuire, A. David Piao, Shilong Rautiainen, Aapo Sitch, Stephen Hayes, Daniel TI A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; CO2 EMISSIONS; DROUGHT; LAND; SENSITIVITY; MANAGEMENT; ATMOSPHERE; INCREASE; BALANCE AB The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 +/- 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 +/- 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks. C1 [Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Fang, Jingyun; Piao, Shilong] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Fang, Jingyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Houghton, Richard] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02543 USA. [Kauppi, Pekka E.; Rautiainen, Aapo] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [Kurz, Werner A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Phillips, Oliver L.; Lewis, Simon L.; Sitch, Stephen] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Shvidenko, Anatoly] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Canadell, Josep G.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine & Atmospher, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Ciais, Philippe] Lab Sci Climat & Environm CEA UVSQ CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pacala, Stephen W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hayes, Daniel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us RI Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Shvidenko, Anatoly/I-1505-2016; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 OI Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Shvidenko, Anatoly/0000-0001-7640-2151; Lewis, Simon/0000-0002-8066-6851; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; FU U.S. Forest Service, NASA [31021001]; National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Peking Univ.; Princeton Univ. FX This study is the major output of two workshops at Peking Univ. and Princeton Univ. Y.P., R.A.B., and J.F. were lead authors and workshop organizers; Y.P., R.A.B., J.F., R.H., P.E.K., W.A.K., O.L.P., A.S., and S.L.L. contributed primary data sets and analyses; J.G.C., P.C., R.B.J., and S.W.P. contributed noteworthy ideas to improve the study; A.D.M., S.P., A.R., S.S., and D.H. provided results of modeling or data analysis relevant to the study; and all authors contributed in writing, discussions, or comments. We thank K. McCullough for helping to make the map in Fig. 1 and C. Wayson for helping to develop a Monte-Carlo analysis. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Forest Service, NASA (grant 31021001), the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (2010CB50600), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Peking Univ., and Princeton Univ. This work is a contribution toward the Global Carbon Project's aim of fostering an international framework to study the global carbon cycle. NR 37 TC 1215 Z9 1334 U1 179 U2 1100 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 19 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6045 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1126/science.1201609 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808TD UT WOS:000294000400048 PM 21764754 ER PT J AU Feist, BE Buhle, ER Arnold, P Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Feist, Blake E. Buhle, Eric R. Arnold, Paul Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Landscape Ecotoxicology of Coho Salmon Spawner Mortality in Urban Streams SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STORM WATER; RUNOFF; RIVER; URBANIZATION AB In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returning from the ocean to spawn in urban basins of the Puget Sound region have been prematurely dying at high rates (up to 90% of the total runs) for more than a decade. The current weight of evidence indicates that coho deaths are caused by toxic chemical contaminants in land-based runoff to urban streams during the fall spawning season. Non-point source pollution in urban landscapes typically originates from discrete urban and residential land use activities. In the present study we conducted a series of spatial analyses to identify correlations between land use and land cover (roadways, impervious surfaces, forests, etc.) and the magnitude of coho mortality in six streams with different drainage basin characteristics. We found that spawner mortality was most closely and positively correlated with the relative proportion of local roads, impervious surfaces, and commercial property within a basin. These and other correlated variables were used to identify unmonitored basins in the greater Seattle metropolitan area where recurrent coho spawner die-offs may be likely. This predictive map indicates a substantial geographic area of vulnerability for the Puget Sound coho population segment, a species of concern under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Our spatial risk representation has numerous applications for urban growth management, coho conservation, and basin restoration (e. g., avoiding the unintentional creation of ecological traps). Moreover, the approach and tools are transferable to areas supporting coho throughout western North America. C1 [Feist, Blake E.; Buhle, Eric R.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arnold, Paul; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. RP Feist, BE (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM blake.feist@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; City of Seattle (Seattle Public Utilities); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 10 FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Coastal Storms Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - National Contaminants Program; City of Seattle (Seattle Public Utilities); and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 10. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e23424 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0023424 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 810JJ UT WOS:000294121300045 PM 21858112 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Breck, SW AF Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Breck, Stewart W. TI Interface between black-footed ferret research and operational conservation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; attitudes; captive breeding; communication; Cynomys; endangered species; Mustela nigripes; plague; prairie dog; reintroduction ID PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; LUDOVICIANUS; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE AB Questions and problems that emerged during operational conservation of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) have been addressed by a wide variety of studies. Early results from such studies often were communicated orally during meetings of recovery groups and in written form using memoranda, unpublished reports, and theses. Typically, implementation of results preceded their publication in widely distributed journals. Many of these studies eventually were published in journals, and we briefly summarize the contents of 8 volumes and special features of journals that have been dedicated to the biology of ferrets and issues in ferret recovery. This year marks the 30th anniversary of rediscovery of the black-footed ferret, and the 7 papers of the following Special Feature summarize data collected over nearly that span of time. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 49 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-086.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900001 ER PT J AU Fagerstone, KA Biggins, DE AF Fagerstone, Kathleen A. Biggins, Dean E. TI Black-footed ferret areas of activity during late summer and fall at Meeteetse, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE center of activity; dispersal; movement; Mustela nigripes; radiotelemetry AB Radiotelemetry was used during 1983 and 1984 to collect information on short-term areas of activity for black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. This population ultimately provided ferrets for the captive-breeding program that bred and released offspring into the wild since 1991. We fitted 5 adult ferrets and 13 juveniles with radiotransmitters and followed their movements during late summer and fall. Adult males had 7-day areas of activity that were > 6 times as large as those of adult females. Activity areas of adult males varied little in coverage or location on a weekly basis, but females sequentially shifted their areas. Unlike juvenile females, juvenile males tended to leave their natal colonies. C1 [Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Biggins, Dean E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fagerstone, KA (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM kathleen.alagerstone@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-140.1 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900002 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Hanebury, LR Miller, BJ Powell, RA AF Biggins, Dean E. Hanebury, Louis R. Miller, Brian J. Powell, Roger A. TI Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythm; ecological equivalent; ecological surrogate; intraguild predation; moon; Mustela eversmanii; Mustela nigripes; predator avoidance ID MUSTELA-PUTORIUS-FURO; RESOURCE SELECTION; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; DOMESTIC FERRETS; SMALL CARNIVORES; SURVIVAL SKILLS; PRAIRIE DOGS; HOME-RANGE; NIGRIPES AB Ecologically equivalent species serve similar functions in different communities, and an ecological surrogate species can be used as a substitute for an equivalent species in a community. Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanii) and black-footed ferrets (M. nigripes) have long been considered ecological equivalents. Polecats also have been used as investigational surrogates for black-footed ferrets, yet the similarities and differences between the 2 species are poorly understood. We contrasted activity patterns of radiotagged polecats and ferrets released onto ferret habitat. Ferrets tended to be nocturnal and most active after midnight. Polecats were not highly selective for any period of the day or night. Ferrets and polecats moved most during brightly moonlit nights. The diel activity pattern of ferrets was consistent with avoidance of coyotes (Canis latrans) and diurnal birds of prey. Similarly, polecat activity was consistent with avoidance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in their natural range. Intraguild predation (including interference competition) is inferred as a selective force influencing behaviors of these mustelines. Examination of our data suggests that black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats might be ecological equivalents but are not perfect surrogates. Nonetheless, polecats as surrogates for black-footed ferrets have provided critical insight needed, especially related to predation, to improve the success of ferret reintroductions. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Hanebury, Louis R.; Miller, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Ecol Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers; National Zoo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; United States Army FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological Survey, Smithsonian Institution, Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers, Friends of the National Zoo, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and United States Army. We are especially grateful to Wildlife Trust for long-term support of this conservation effort. We are deeply indebted to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and the Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha, Nebraska) for producing the ferrets that were reintroduced in 1991. The National Zoo Conservation and Research Center provided logistical support, housing, food, and husbandry for captive polecats. The United States Army Pueblo Chemical Depot and the National Zoo Conservation and Research Center allowed us to convert buildings into polecat conditioning arenas. Ranchers at Hasty, Colorado, Veteran, Wyoming, and Shirley Basin, Wyoming, graciously allowed us to work on their lands. J. Ma and Z. Zhao, Northeast Forestry University (Ministry of Forestry), Harbin, China, were instrumental in obtaining polecats from Inner Mongolia. The United States Army Corps of Engineers provided housing and office facilities at Hasty, Colorado. L. Phillips of Brookfield Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, and S. Monfort and J. Zoziarski of the National Zoo, Washington, D.C., performed sterilization surgery on ferrets, and R. Opferman provided veterinary assistance on many occasions. Space does not permit individual acknowledgment of the many technicians and volunteers who worked on ferret and polecat releases, but their help is sincerely appreciated. We appreciate the helpful reviews of this paper by B. Wunder, J. Detling, W. Andelt, P. Shafroth, B. Iko, and D. Eads. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 36 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 710 EP 720 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-110.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900003 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Miller, BJ Hanebury, LR Powell, RA AF Biggins, Dean E. Miller, Brian J. Hanebury, Louis R. Powell, Roger A. TI Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE captive breeding; Cynomys; ecological equivalent; ecological surrogate; Mustela eversmanii; Mustela nigripes; predation; reintroduction; survival; translocation ID MUSTELA-EVERSMANNI; SURVIVAL SKILLS; AVIAN PREDATION; NIGRIPES; MAMMALS; EUROPE AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) likely were extirpated from the wild in 1985-1986, and their repatriation depends on captive breeding and reintroduction. Postrelease survival of animals can be affected by behavioral changes induced by captivity. We released neutered Siberian polecats (M. eversmanii), close relatives of ferrets, in 1989-1990 on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Colorado and Wyoming initially to test rearing and reintroduction techniques. Captive-born polecats were reared in cages or cages plus outdoor pens, released from elevated cages or into burrows, and supplementally fed or not fed. We also translocated wild-born polecats from China in 1990 and released captive-born, cage-reared black-footed ferrets in 1991, the 1st such reintroduction of black-footed ferrets. We documented mortality for 55 of 92 radiotagged animals in these studies, mostly due to predation (46 cases). Coyotes (Canis latrans) killed 31 ferrets and polecats. Supplementally fed polecats survived longer than nonprovisioned polecats. With a model based on deaths per distance moved, survival was highest for wild-born polecats, followed by pen-experienced, then cage-reared groups. Indexes of abundance (from spotlight surveys) for several predators were correlated with mortality rates of polecats and ferrets due to those predators. Released black-footed ferrets had lower survival rates than their ancestral population in Wyoming, and lower survival than wild-born and translocated polecats, emphasizing the influence of captivity. Captive-born polecats lost body mass more rapidly postrelease than did captive-born ferrets. Differences in hunting efficiency and prey selection provide further evidence that these polecats and ferrets are not ecological equivalents in the strict sense. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Miller, Brian J.; Hanebury, Louis R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Ecol Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@ugsg.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers; National Zoo; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; United States Army FX Funding for this project came from the United States Geological Survey, Smithsonian Institution, Loudon Area Ferret Fanciers, Friends of the National Zoo, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and United States Army. We are especially grateful to Wildlife Trust for long-term support of this conservation effort. We are deeply indebted to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and the Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha, Nebraska) for producing the ferrets that were reintroduced in 1991. The National Zoo Conservation and Research Center provided logistical support, housing, food, and husbandry for captive polecats. The United States Army Pueblo Chemical Depot and the National Zoo Conservation and Research Center allowed us to convert buildings into polecat conditioning arenas. Ranchers at Hasty, Veteran, and Shirley Basin graciously allowed us to work on their lands. J. Ma and Z. Zhao, Northeast Forestry University (Ministry of Forestry), Harbin, China, were instrumental in obtaining polecats from Inner Mongolia. The United States Army Corps of Engineers provided housing and office facilities at Hasty. L. Phillips of Brookfield Zoo and S. Monfort and J. Zoziarski of the National Zoo performed sterilization surgery on ferrets, and R. Opferman provided veterinary assistance on many occasions. Space does not permit individual acknowledgment of the many technicians and volunteers who worked on ferret and polecat releases, but their help is sincerely appreciated. We appreciate the helpful reviews of this paper by B. Wunder, J. Detling, W. Andelt, R. Reading, and E. Valdez. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 52 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900004 ER PT J AU Poessel, SA Breck, SW Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Crooks, KR Angeloni, L AF Poessel, Sharon A. Breck, Stewart W. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Crooks, Kevin R. Angeloni, Lisa TI Landscape features influence postrelease predation on endangered black-footed ferrets SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Bubo virginianus; Canis latrans; coyote; great horned owl; habitat selection; Mustela nigripes; predation risk ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; RESOURCE SELECTION; ECOLOGY; COYOTE; ATTRIBUTES; AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; RISK; FEAR AB Predation can be a critical factor influencing recovery of endangered species. In most recovery efforts lethal and nonlethal influences of predators are not sufficiently understood to allow prediction of predation risk, despite its importance. We investigated whether landscape features could be used to model predation risk from coyotes (Canis latrans) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) on the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of reintroduced ferrets from 3 sites in South Dakota to determine whether exposure to landscape features typically associated with predators affected survival of ferrets, and whether ferrets considered predation risk when choosing habitat near perches potentially used by owls or near linear features predicted to be used by coyotes. Exposure to areas near likely owl perches reduced ferret survival, but landscape features potentially associated with coyote movements had no appreciable effect on survival. Ferrets were located within 90 m of perches more than expected in 2 study sites that also had higher ferret mortality due to owl predation. Densities of potential coyote travel routes near ferret locations were no different than expected in all 3 sites. Repatriated ferrets might have selected resources based on factors other than predator avoidance. Considering an easily quantified landscape feature (i.e., owl perches) can enhance success of reintroduction efforts for ferrets. Nonetheless, development of predictive models of predation risk and management strategies to mitigate that risk is not necessarily straightforward for more generalist predators such as coyotes. C1 [Poessel, Sharon A.; Crooks, Kevin R.; Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Angeloni, Lisa] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Poessel, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sharpoes@gmail.com RI Poessel, Sharon/B-3651-2013 OI Poessel, Sharon/0000-0002-0283-627X FU Colorado State University; Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation; Hill Memorial Fellowship; Women in Natural Sciences Fellowship; United States Geological Survey; Park Service; United States Forest Service FX We especially appreciate the efforts of dedicated staff members at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center (Wyoming), the Louisville Zoological Gardens, and the Phoenix Zoo for providing the ferrets we released. We thank G. Plumb of the National Park Service and B. Perry and P. McDonald of the United States Forest Service for their invaluable contributions to the radiocollaring and tracking of ferrets. We are indebted to the many technicians who spent long nights radiotracking the released ferrets. We thank C. Burdett for geographic information system assistance and R. Scherer and G. White for statistical advice. We also thank W. D. Walter and J. Resnik for providing comments on this manuscript. This study was supported by Colorado State University, the Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation, the Hill Memorial Fellowship, and the Women in Natural Sciences Fellowship. Support for the radiotelemetry work was provided by the United States Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the United States Forest Service. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 38 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 732 EP 741 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-061.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900005 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Godbey, JL Horton, BM Livieri, TM AF Biggins, Dean E. Godbey, Jerry L. Horton, Brent M. Livieri, Travis M. TI Movements and survival of black-footed ferrets associated with an experimental translocation in South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; captive breeding; compensatory mortality; density dependence; dispersal; endangered species; Mustela nigripes; reintroduction ID OTTERS LUTRA-LUTRA; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; HYPOTHESES; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) apparently were extirpated from all native habitats by 1987, and their repatriation requires a combination of captive breeding, reintroductions, and translocations among sites. Improvements in survival rates of released ferrets have resulted from experience in quasi-natural environments during their rearing. Reestablishment of a self-sustaining wild population by 1999 provided the 1st opportunity to initiate new populations by translocating wild-born individuals. Using radiotelemetry, we compared behaviors and survival of 18 translocated wild-born ferrets and 18 pen-experienced captive-born ferrets after their release into a prairie dog colony not occupied previously by ferrets. Translocated wild-born ferrets moved significantly less and had significantly higher short-term survival rates than their captive-born counterparts. Using mark recapture methods, we also assessed potential impacts to the established donor population of removing 37% of its estimated annual production of kits. Annual survival rates for 30 ferret kits remaining at the donor subcomplex were higher than rates for 54 ferret kits at the control subcomplex (unmanipulated) for males (+82%) and females (+32%). Minimum survival of translocated kits did not differ significantly from survival of those at the control subcomplex. Direct translocation of young, wild-born ferrets from site to site appears to be an efficient method to establish new populations. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Godbey, Jerry L.; Horton, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] US Forest Serv, Wall, SD 57790 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Forest Service. We appreciate the radiotracking efforts of C. Becker, L. Boyd, B. Davis, J. Humphries, C. Link letter, S. Marcum, F. Nicoll, S. Palazon, E. Price, R. Ross, E. Roth, and A. Yamamuro. Spotlighting crews also included R. Cook, N. Eisenbraun, V. Kopcso, J. Leinbach, C. Lynch, A. Nellen, W. Perry, N. Potts, M. Roit, D. Sargent, and T. Weisbeck. W. Perry and D. Sargent of the Forest Service were instrumental in supporting the field effort, and several biologists (P. Gober, M. Lockhart, P. Marinari, and S. Larson) of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service ensured that ferrets were allocated and delivered according to our requirements for a balanced design. L. Ellison, B. Swanson, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 45 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 742 EP 750 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-152.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900006 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Millspaugh, JJ Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Jachowski, DS AF Eads, David A. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Jachowski, David S. TI Postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets in the Conata Basin, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cynomys; Cynomys ludovicianus; edge; habitat; Mustela; Mustela nigripes; prairie dog ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOG; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; FOOD-HABITS; BURROW SYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; CYNOMYS; LUDOVICIANUS; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE AB We investigated postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) on a 452-ha black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin of South Dakota during 2007-2008. We used resource selection functions (RSFs) to evaluate relationships between numbers of ferret locations and numbers of prairie dog burrow openings (total or active), distances to colony edges, and connectivity of patches of burrow openings. In both years ferrets selected areas near edges of the prairie dog colony where active burrow openings were abundant. In the interior of the colony ferrets selected areas with low abundance of active burrow openings. At times, prairie dog productivity (i.e., pup abundance) might be greatest at colony edges often characterized by grasses; ferrets are likely to select areas where refuge and vulnerable prey are abundant. Ferrets could have used interior areas with few active burrow openings as corridors between edge areas with many active burrow openings. Also, in areas with few active burrow openings ferrets spend more time aboveground during movements and, thus, are likely to be more easily detected. These results complement previous studies demonstrating importance of refuge and prey in fine-scale resource selection by ferrets and provide insight into factors that might influence edge effects on ferret space use. Conservation and restoration of colonies with areas with high densities of burrow openings and prairie dogs, and corridors between such areas, are needed for continued recovery of the black-footed ferret. RSFs could complement coarse-scale habitat evaluations by providing finer-scale assessments of habitat for the black-footed ferret. C1 [Eads, David A.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Jachowski, David S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU State Wildlife [T35]; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; United States Geological Survey; Denver Zoological Foundation; Prairie Wildlife Research; University of Missouri; S. and D. Webb FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Support also was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant 2006-0058-0000), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Geological Survey, the Denver Zoological Foundation, Prairie Wildlife Research, and the University of Missouri. DAE also was supported by S. and D. Webb. Thanks are extended to D. Marsh, P. Gober, S. Larson, and M. Forsberg for assistance with spotlight surveys; M. Reuber, A. Turgeon, and R. Jachowski for assistance with mapping burrow openings; R. Griebel, R. Jachowski, and A. Wooden Knife for logistical support; and the Wooden Knifes and Baysingers for housing support. Thanks also are extended to H. He, M. Gompper, and T. Bonnot for productive discussions; and T. Atwood, T. Bonnot, A. Goldberg, S. Grassel, C. Hansen, B. Keller, J. Kolar, S. Ramakrishnan, S. Wisely, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 100 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 760 EP 770 DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 812TD UT WOS:000294314900008 ER PT J AU Arsnoe, DM Ip, HS Owen, JC AF Arsnoe, Dustin M. Ip, Hon S. Owen, Jennifer C. TI Influence of Body Condition on Influenza A Virus Infection in Mallard Ducks: Experimental Infection Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE FUNCTION; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; LAKES REGION; VICE-VERSA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIRDS; ASSAY; HOST; MICE; H5N1 AB Migrating waterfowl are implicated in the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are considered a particularly important IAV reservoir. Prevalence of IAV infection in waterfowl peaks during autumn pre-migration staging and then declines as birds reach wintering areas. Migration is energetically costly and birds often experience declines in body condition that may suppress immune function. We assessed how body condition affects susceptibility to infection, viral shedding and antibody production in wild-caught and captive-bred juvenile mallards challenged with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5N9. Wild mallards (n = 30) were separated into three experimental groups; each manipulated through food availability to a different condition level (-20%, -10%, and normal +/- 5% original body condition), and captive-bred mallards (n = 10) were maintained at normal condition. We found that wild mallards in normal condition were more susceptible to LPAIV infection, shed higher peak viral loads and shed viral RNA more frequently compared to birds in poor condition. Antibody production did not differ according to condition. We found that wild mallards did not differ from captive-bred mallards in viral intensity and duration of infection, but they did exhibit lower antibody titers and greater variation in viral load. Our findings suggest that reduced body condition negatively influences waterfowl host competence to LPAIV infection. This observation is contradictory to the recently proposed condition-dependent hypothesis, according to which birds in reduced condition would be more susceptible to IAV infection. The mechanisms responsible for reducing host competency among birds in poor condition remain unknown. Our research indicates body condition may influence the maintenance and spread of LPAIV by migrating waterfowl. C1 [Arsnoe, Dustin M.; Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Arsnoe, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM arsnoed@gmail.com RI Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013 OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816 FU Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University; American Museum of Natural History FX This study was funded by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University and the American Museum of Natural History. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22633 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022633 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 810KZ UT WOS:000294125500010 PM 21857940 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TS Clements, WH Zuellig, RE Mitchell, KA Church, SE Wanty, RB San Juan, CA Adams, M Lamothe, PJ AF Schmidt, Travis S. Clements, William H. Zuellig, Robert E. Mitchell, Katharine A. Church, Stanley E. Wanty, Richard B. San Juan, Carma A. Adams, Monique Lamothe, Paul J. TI Critical Tissue Residue Approach Linking Accumulated Metals in Aquatic Insects to Population and Community-Level Effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; DISSOLVED CADMIUM; ARKANSAS RIVER; FIELD DATA; BIOACCUMULATION; QUALITY; WATER; REGRESSION; TOXICITY; COLORADO AB Whole body Zn concentrations in individuals (n = 825) from three aquatic insect taxa (mayflies Rhithrogena spp. and Drunella spp. and the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis) were used to predict effects on populations and communities (n = 149 samples). Both mayflies accumulated significantly more Zn than the caddisfly. The presence/absence of Drunella spp. most reliably distinguished sites with low and high Zn concentrations; however, population densities of mayflies were more sensitive to increases in accumulated Zn. Critical tissue residues (634 mu g/g Zn for Drunella spp. and 267 mu g/g Zn for Rhithrogena spp.) caused a 20% reduction in maximum (90th quantile) mayfly densities. These critical tissue residues were associated with exposure to 7.0 and 3.9 mu g/L dissolved Zn for Drunella spp. and Rhithrogena spp., respectively. A threshold in a measure of taxonomic completeness (observed/expected) was observed at 5.4 mu g/L dissolved Zn. Dissolved Zn concentrations associated with critical tissue residues in mayflies were also associated with adverse effects in the aquatic community as a whole. These effects on populations and communities occurred at Zn concentrations below the U.S. EPA hardness-adjusted continuous chronic criterion. C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.; Church, Stanley E.; Wanty, Richard B.; San Juan, Carma A.; Adams, Monique; Lamothe, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clements, William H.; Mitchell, Katharine A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tschmidt@usgs.gov RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU U.S. Geological Survey; EPA STAR [R829640]; USDA; USGS FX We thank Dan Cain, Landis Hare, and Peter Kiffney for insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Brian Cade provided support with the quantile regression analysis. Support for this research came from the U.S. Geological Survey Central Colorado Assessment Project, and EPA STAR Grant R829640. T.S.S. received funding from the USDA National Needs Fellowship Program and the USGS Mendenhall Post Doctoral Program. Disclaimer: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 16 BP 7004 EP 7010 DI 10.1021/es200215s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805VZ UT WOS:000293758400039 PM 21793485 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Haywood, AM Valdes, PJ Robinson, MM Lunt, DJ Hill, D Stoll, DK Foley, KM AF Dowsett, Harry J. Haywood, Alan M. Valdes, Paul J. Robinson, Marci M. Lunt, Daniel J. Hill, Daniell. Stoll, Danielle K. Foley, Kevin M. TI Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison of PRISM3 and HadCM3 SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period; Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping; Sea surface temperature; General circulation model; Proxy; Comparison ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PLIOCENE CLIMATE; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ICE-SHEET; RECONSTRUCTION; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB It is essential to document how well the current generation of climate models performs in simulating past climates to have confidence in their ability to project future conditions. We present the first global, in-depth comparison of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model experiment and a SST reconstruction based on proxy data. This enables the identification of areas in which both the climate model and the proxy dataset require improvement. In general. the fit between model-produced SST anomalies and those formed from the available data is very good. We focus our discussion on three regions where the data-model anomaly exceeds 2 degrees C. 1) In the high latitude North Pacific, a systematic model error may result in anomalies that are too cold. Also, the deeper Pliocene thermocline may cause disagreement along the California margin; either the upwelling in the model is too strong or the modeled thermocline is not deep enough. 2) In the North Atlantic, the model predicts cooling in the center of a data-based warming trend that steadily increases with latitude from + 1.5 degrees C to >+6 degrees C. The discrepancy may arise because the modeled North Atlantic Current is too zonal compared to reality, which is reinforced by the lowering of the altitude of the Pliocene Western Cordillera Mountains. In addition, the model's use of modern bathymetry in the higher latitudes may have led the model to underestimate the northward penetration of warmer surface water into the Arctic. 3) Finally, though the data and model show good general agreement across most of the Southern Ocean, a few locations show offsets due to the modern land-sea mask used in the model. Additional considerations could account for many of the modest data-model anomalies, such as differences between calibration climatologies. the oversimplification of the seasonal cycle, and differences between SST proxies (i.e. seasonality and water depth). New SST estimates from data-sparse and regionally important areas will greatly enhance our ability to judge model performance. Published by Elsevier By. C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.; Robinson, Marci M.; Stoll, Danielle K.; Foley, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Valdes, Paul J.; Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Hill, Daniell.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 83 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 810RF UT WOS:000294144100007 ER PT J AU Robinson, MM Valdes, PJ Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Hill, DJ Jones, SM AF Robinson, Marci M. Valdes, Paul J. Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Hill, Daniel J. Jones, Stephen M. TI Bathymetric controls on Pliocene North Atlantic and Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mid-Pliocene warm period; Greenland-Scotland Ridge; Arctic Ocean; Sea-surface temperature; Deepwater production; Ocean-atmosphere general circulation model ID GREENLAND-SCOTLAND RIDGE; OCEAN HEAT TRANSPORTS; COUPLED MODEL; WARMTH; CIRCULATION AB The mid-Pliocene warm period (MPWP; similar to 3.3 to 3.0 Ma) is the most recent interval in Earth's history in which global temperatures reached and remained at levels similar to those projected for the near future. The distribution of global warmth, however, was different than today in that the high latitudes warmed more than the tropics. Multiple temperature proxies indicate significant sea surface warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during the MPWP, but predictions from a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model (HadCM3) have so far been unable to fully predict the large scale of sea surface warming in the high latitudes. If climate proxies accurately represent Pliocene conditions, and if no weakness exists in the physics of the model, then model boundary conditions may be in error. Here we alter a single boundary condition (bathymetry) to examine if Pliocene high latitude warming was aided by an increase in poleward heat transport due to changes in the subsidence of North Atlantic Ocean ridges. We find an increase in both Arctic sea surface temperature and deepwater production in model experiments that incorporate a deepened Greenland-Scotland Ridge. These results offer both a mechanism for the warming in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans indicated by numerous proxies and an explanation for the apparent disparity between proxy data and model simulations of Pliocene northern North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean conditions. Determining the causes of Pliocene warmth remains critical to fully understanding comparisons of the Pliocene warm period to possible future climate change scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Robinson, Marci M.; Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Jones, Stephen M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Robinson, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mmrobinson@usgs.gov; p.j.valdes@bristol.ac.uk; a.m.haywood@leeds.ac.uk; hdowsett@usgs.gov; dahi@bgs.ac.uk; s.jones.4@bham.ac.uk RI Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.004 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 810RF UT WOS:000294144100008 ER PT J AU Dolan, AM Haywood, AM Hill, DJ Dowsett, HJ Hunter, SJ Lunt, DJ Pickering, SJ AF Dolan, Aisling M. Haywood, Alan M. Hill, Daniel J. Dowsett, Harry J. Hunter, Stephen J. Lunt, Daniel J. Pickering, Steven J. TI Sensitivity of Pliocene ice sheets to orbital forcing SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pliocene; Ice sheets; Orbital forcing; Sea level ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE MODEL; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ARCTIC-OCEAN; LATE NEOGENE AB The stability of the Earth's major ice sheets is a critical uncertainty in predictions of future climate and sea level change. One method of investigating the behaviour of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets in a warmer-than-modern climate is to look back at past warm periods of Earth history, for example the Pliocene. This paper presents climate and ice sheet modelling results for the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; 3.3 to 3.0 million years ago), which has been identified as a key interval for understanding warmer-than-modern climates (Jansen et al., 2007). Using boundary conditions supplied by the United States Geological Survey PRISM Group (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping), the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model (HadCM3) and the British Antarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model (BASISM), we show large reductions in the Greenland and East Antarctic Ice Sheets (GrIS and EAIS) compared to modern in standard mPWP experiments. We also present the first results illustrating the variability of the ice sheets due to realistic orbital forcing during the mid-Pliocene. While GrIS volumes are lower than modern under even the most extreme (cold) mid-Pliocene orbit (losing at least 35% of its ice mass), the EAIS can both grow and shrink, losing up to 20% or gaining up to 10% of its present-day volume. The changes in ice sheet volume incurred by altering orbital forcing alone means that global sea level can vary by more than 25 m during the mid-Pliocene. However, we have also shown that the response of the ice sheets to mPWP orbital hemispheric forcing can be in anti-phase, whereby the greatest reductions in EAIS volume are concurrent with the smallest reductions of the GrIS. If this anti-phase relationship is in operation throughout the mPWP, then the total eustatic sea level response would be dampened compared to the ice sheet fluctuations that are theoretically possible. This suggests that maximum eustatic sea level rise does not correspond to orbital maxima, but occurs at times where the anti-phasing of Northern and Southern Hemisphere ice sheet retreat is minimised. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dolan, Aisling M.; Haywood, Alan M.; Hunter, Stephen J.; Pickering, Steven J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Lunt, Daniel J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Dolan, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environment, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.m.dolan08@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/HO14144/1]; British Geological Survey; BAS FX The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is acknowledge for its support to A.M.D. and A.M.H. A.M.H. also acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2008). D.J.H is funded by the British Geological Survey. H.J.D acknowledges the US Dept of Interior and USGS Office of Global Change. D.J.L. is jointly funded by BAS and is currently a NERC/RCUK research fellow, and acknowledges their support. We also wish to acknowledge the PRISM group for use of their palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, Richard Hindmarsh for use of BASISM, Jacques Laskar for making the astronomical solutions available for use in this study and Robin Smith for facilitating the implementation of orbital configurations within the UM. This paper is a product of NERC Grant NE/HO14144/1. NR 110 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 98 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.030 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 810RF UT WOS:000294144100009 ER PT J AU Pope, JO Collins, M Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Hunter, SJ Lunt, DJ Pickering, SJ Pound, MJ AF Pope, James O. Collins, Matthew Haywood, Alan M. Dowsett, Harry J. Hunter, Stephen J. Lunt, Daniel J. Pickering, Steven J. Pound, Matthew J. TI Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perturbed Physics Ensemble; Pliocene; Data/model comparison ID TRANSIENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; COUPLED MODEL; OCEAN-MODEL; SENSITIVITY; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE AB Examination of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; similar to 3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) provides an excellent opportunity to test the ability of climate models to reproduce warm climate states. thereby assessing our confidence in model predictions. To do this it is necessary to relate the uncertainty in model simulations of mPWP climate to uncertainties in projections of future climate change. The uncertainties introduced by the model can be estimated through the use of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE). Developing on the UK Met Office Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) Project, this paper presents the results from an initial investigation using the end members of a PPE in a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model (HadCM3) running with appropriate mPWP boundary conditions. Prior work has shown that the unperturbed version of HadCM3 may underestimate mPWP sea surface temperatures at higher latitudes. Initial results indicate that neither the low sensitivity nor the high sensitivity simulations produce unequivocally improved mPWP climatology relative to the standard. Whilst the high sensitivity simulation was able to reconcile up to 6 degrees C of the data/model mismatch in sea surface temperatures in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (relative to the standard simulation), it did not produce a better prediction of global vegetation than the standard simulation. Overall the low sensitivity simulation was degraded compared to the standard and high sensitivity simulations in all aspects of the data/model comparison. The results have shown that a PPE has the potential to explore weaknesses in mPWP modelling simulations which have been identified by geological proxies, but that a 'best fit' simulation will more likely come from a full ensemble in which simulations that contain the strengths of the two end member simulations shown here are combined. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pope, James O.; Haywood, Alan M.; Hunter, Stephen J.; Pickering, Steven J.; Pound, Matthew J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Collins, Matthew] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Collins, Matthew] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RP Pope, JO (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eejop@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Pope, James/L-4427-2013; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Pope, James/E-9473-2017; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Pope, James/0000-0001-8945-4209; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Pope, James/0000-0001-8945-4209; Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) FX The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is acknowledged for its support to J.O.P, M.J.P. D.J.L and A.M.H. A.M.H. also acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2008). H.J.D acknowledges the US Department of Interior and USGS Office of Global Change. D.J.L is currently a NERC/RCUK research fellow, and acknowledges their support. We also wish to acknowledge the PRISM group for use of their palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and Ulrich Salzmann for his palaeobotanical reconstruction. The three simulations were run at the UK Met Office where M.C. was supported by the Met Office DECC/Defra contract. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which helped improve the quality of this paper. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 810RF UT WOS:000294144100012 ER PT J AU Teng, FZ Dauphas, N Helz, RT Gao, S Huang, SC AF Teng, Fang-Zhen Dauphas, Nicolas Helz, Rosalind T. Gao, Shan Huang, Shichun TI Diffusion-driven magnesium and iron isotope fractionation in Hawaiian olivine SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnesium isotopes; iron isotopes; chemical diffusion; olivine; zoning; Hawaii ID IKI LAVA LAKE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; THERMAL-DIFFUSION; SORET DIFFUSION; MAGMA CHAMBERS; SILICATE MELTS; FE ISOTOPES; MANTLE; ROCKS AB Diffusion plays an important role in Earth sciences to estimate the timescales of geological processes such as erosion, sediment burial, and magma cooling. In igneous systems, these diffusive processes are recorded in the form of crystal zoning. However, meaningful interpretation of these signatures is often hampered by the fact that they cannot be unambiguously ascribed to a single process (e.g., magmatic fractionation, diffusion limited transport in the crystal or in the liquid). Here we show that Mg and Fe isotope fractionations in olivine crystals can be used to trace diffusive processes in magmatic systems. Over sixty olivine fragments from Hawaiian basalts show isotopically fractionated Mg and Fe relative to basalts worldwide, with up to 0.4 parts per thousand variation in (26)Mg/(24)Mg ratios and 1.6 parts per thousand variation in (56)Fe/(54)Fe ratios. The linearly and negatively correlated Mg and Fe isotopic compositions [i.e., delta(56)Fe = (-3.3 +/- 0.3) x delta(26)Mg], co-variations of Mg and Fe isotopic compositions with Fe/Mg ratios of olivine fragments, and modeling results based on Mg and Fe elemental profiles demonstrate the coupled Mg and Fe isotope fractionation to be a manifestation of Mg Fe inter-diffusion in zoned olivines during magmatic differentiation. This characteristic can be used to constrain the nature of mineral zoning in igneous and metamorphic rocks, and hence determine the residence times of crystals in magmas, the composition of primary melts, and the duration of metamorphic events. With improvements in methodology, in situ isotope mapping will become an essential tool of petrology to identify diffusion in crystals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Isotope Lab, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Teng, Fang-Zhen] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dauphas, Nicolas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gao, Shan] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Gao, Shan] NW Univ Xian, State Key Lab Continental Dynam, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. [Huang, Shichun] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Teng, FZ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Isotope Lab, Dept Geosci, 113 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM fteng@uark.edu RI Dauphas, Nicolas/E-4568-2011; Huang, Shichun/A-3596-2008; Teng, Fang-Zhen/F-6420-2010 FU NSF [EAR-0838227, EAR-1056713, EAR-0820807, EAR-0951487]; Arkansas Space Grant Consortium [SW19002]; NASA [NNX09AG59G]; Packard fellowship; NSF of China [40821061]; Ministry of Education of China [B07039] FX We thank Frank Richter, Wei Yang, Wang-Ye Li, Corliss Sio, Shan Ke and Sheng-Ao Liu for discussions and Jing-Liang Guo for help with microprobe analyses. The paper benefited from constructive and detailed comments of Helen Williams and an anonymous reviewer, and efficient editing from Rick Carlson. This work was supported by NSF (EAR-0838227 and EAR-1056713) and Arkansas Space Grant Consortium (SW19002) to FZT; NSF (EAR-0820807), NASA (NNX09AG59G) and a Packard fellowship to N.D.; NSF (EAR-0951487) to SH; as well as the NSF of China (40821061) and the Ministry of Education of China (B07039) to SG. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 308 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.003 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 807VR UT WOS:000293931600006 ER PT J AU Fram, MS Belitz, K AF Fram, Miranda S. Belitz, Kenneth TI Occurrence and concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater used for public drinking-water supply in California SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Pharmaceuticals; California; Drinking-water supply; Contaminants ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; UNITED-STATES; FATE; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; DRUGS AB Pharmaceutical compounds were detected at low concentrations in 2.3% of 1231 samples of groundwater (median depth to top of screened interval in wells = 61 m) used for public drinking-water supply in California. Samples were collected statewide for the California State Water Resources Control Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Of 14 pharmaceutical compounds analyzed, 7 were detected at concentrations greater than or equal to method detection limits: acetaminophen (used as an analgesic, detection frequency 032%, maximum concentration 1.89 mu g/L), caffeine (stimulant, 0.24%, 029 mu g/L), carbamazepine (mood stabilizer, 1.5%, 0.42 mu g/L), codeine (opioid analgesic, 0.16%, 0214 mu g/L), p-xanthine (caffeine metabolite, 0.08%, 0.12 mu g/L), sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic, 0.41%, 0.17 mu g/L), and trimethoprim (antibiotic, 0.08%, 0.018 mu g/L.). Detection frequencies of pesticides (33%), volatile organic compounds not including trihalomethanes (23%), and trihalomethanes (28%) in the same 1231 samples were significantly higher. Median detected concentration of pharmaceutical compounds was similar to those of volatile organic compounds, and higher than that of pesticides. Pharmaceutical compounds were detected in 33% of the 855 samples containing modern groundwater (tritium activity >0.2 TU). Pharmaceutical detections were significantly positively correlated with detections of urban-use herbicides and insecticides, detections of volatile organic compounds, and percentage of urban land use around wells. Groundwater from the Los Angeles metropolitan area had higher detection frequencies of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic compounds than groundwater from other areas of the state with similar proportions of urban land use. The higher detection frequencies may reflect that groundwater flow systems in Los Angeles area basins are dominated by engineered recharge and intensive groundwater pumping. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fram, Miranda S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 95101 USA. RP Fram, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mfram@usgs.gov; kbelitz@usgs.gov OI Fram, Miranda/0000-0002-6337-059X FU California State bonds FX We thank the many well owners and water purveyors who graciously allowed the USGS to collect samples from their wells; Barbara Dawson, Frank Moseanko, Steve Schmitt, and others who conducted the field work; the authors of USGS Data Series Reports for individual study units; and Tyler Johnson for GIS support. This GAMA Priority Basin Project study is part of the California State Water Resources Control Board's GAMA Program, which is funded in part by California State bonds. This manuscript was improved following technical reviews by four anonymous reviewers. The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 16 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 18 BP 3409 EP 3417 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.053 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 799CC UT WOS:000293260100018 PM 21684580 ER PT J AU Riget, F Braune, B Bignert, A Wilson, S Aars, J Born, E Dam, M Dietz, R Evans, M Evans, T Gamberg, M Gantner, N Green, N Gunnlaugsdottir, H Kannan, K Letcher, R Muir, D Roach, P Sonne, C Stern, G Wiig, O AF Riget, Frank Braune, Birgit Bignert, Anders Wilson, Simon Aars, Jon Born, Erik Dam, Maria Dietz, Rune Evans, Marlene Evans, Thomas Gamberg, Mary Gantner, Nikolaus Green, Norman Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga Kannan, Kurunthachalam Letcher, Robert Muir, Derek Roach, Pat Sonne, Christian Stern, Gary Wiig, Oystein TI Temporal trends of Hg in Arctic biota, an update SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Temporal trends; Mercury; Arctic; Biota ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLAR BEARS; SEABIRD EGGS; MARINE BIOTA; MERCURY; GREENLAND; NORTHERN; CANADA; CONTAMINANTS; METALS AB A statistically robust method was applied to 83 time-series of mercury in Arctic biota from marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems with the purpose of generating a 'meta-analysis' of temporal trend data collected over the past two to three decades, mostly under the auspices of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). Sampling locations ranged from Alaska in the west to northern Scandinavia in the east. Information from recently published temporal trend studies was tabulated to supplement the results of the statistical analyses. No generally consistent trend was evident across tissues and species from the circumpolar Arctic during the last 30 years or so. However, there was a clear west-to-east gradient in the occurrence of recent increasing Hg trends, with larger numbers and a higher proportion of biotic datasets in the Canadian and Greenland region of the Arctic showing significant increases than in the North Atlantic Arctic. Most of the increasing datasets were for marine species, especially marine mammals. A total of 16(19%) out of the 83 time-series could be classified as "adequate", where adequate is defined as the number of actual monitoring years in a time-series being equal to or greater than the number of years of sampling required to detect a 5% annual change in Hg concentrations, with a significance level of P<0.05 and 80% statistical power. At the time of the previous AMAP Assessment, only 10% of the Hg time-series were deemed adequate. If an additional 5 years of data were to be added to the current set of time-series, it is predicted that 53% of time-series would become adequate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Riget, Frank; Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ AAU, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Braune, Birgit; Letcher, Robert] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Bignert, Anders] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Contaminant Res, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Wilson, Simon] Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme Secretar, N-0032 Oslo, Norway. [Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9007 Tromso, Norway. [Born, Erik] Govt Greenland Representat Denmark, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dam, Maria] Environm Agcy, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Evans, Marlene] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Evans, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gamberg, Mary] Gamberg Consulting, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 7A1, Canada. [Gantner, Nikolaus] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impact Res Ctr, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada. [Green, Norman] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Gunnlaugsdottir, Helga] Matis Iceland Food & Biotech R&D, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Roach, Pat] No Contaminants Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2B5, Canada. [Stern, Gary] Univ Crescent, Arctic Ecosyst Hlth 501, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. RP Riget, F (reprint author), Aarhus Univ AAU, Natl Environm Res Inst, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM ffr@dmu.dk RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Riget, Frank/J-3245-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; Gantner, Nikolaus/F-6825-2013; OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Gantner, Nikolaus/0000-0001-7072-1397; Gamberg, Mary/0000-0001-7291-5048 FU national programs FX We would like to thank the national programs in the circumpolar countries for their funding and support of this work, as well as the community councils and hunters and trappers organizations in many circumpolar regions for their cooperation and active participation in the collection of biological samples. ICES in preparing data archived in the AMAP marine thematic data centre at ICES is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 18 BP 3520 EP 3526 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 799CC UT WOS:000293260100030 PM 21684574 ER PT J AU Gascoigne, WR Hoag, D Koontz, L Tangen, BA Shaffer, TL Gleason, RA AF Gascoigne, William R. Hoag, Dana Koontz, Lynne Tangen, Brian A. Shaffer, Terry L. Gleason, Robert A. TI Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Dakotas, USA SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem services; Economic valuation; Value transfer; Land-use policy; Native prairie; Grasslands ID SOIL CARBON; CONSERVATION; BENEFITS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; VALUATION; WETLANDS; SCALES; POLICY; GIS AB This study uses biophysical values derived for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, in conjunction with value transfer methods, to assess environmental and economic tradeoffs under different policy-relevant land-use scenarios over a 20-year period. The ecosystem service valuation is carried out by comparing the biophysical and economic values of three focal services (i.e. carbon sequestration, reduction in sedimentation, and waterfowl production) across three focal land uses in the region [i.e. native prairie grasslands, lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP/WRP), and cropland]. This study finds that CRP/WRP lands cannot mitigate (hectare for hectare) the loss of native prairie from a social welfare standpoint. Land use scenarios where native prairie loss was minimized, and CRP/WRP lands were increased, provided the most societal benefit. The scenario modeling projected native prairie conversion to cropland over the next 20 years would result in a social welfare loss valued at over $4 billion when considering the study's three ecosystem services, and a net loss of about $3.4 billion when reductions in commodity production are accounted for. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gascoigne, William R.; Koontz, Lynne] US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hoag, Dana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tangen, Brian A.; Shaffer, Terry L.; Gleason, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Gascoigne, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Policy Anal & Sci Assistance Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM gascoignew@usgs.gov; Dana.Hoag@colostate.edu; koontzl@usgs.gov; btangen@usgs.gov; tshaffer@usgs.gov; rgleason@usgs.gov OI Tangen, Brian/0000-0001-5157-9882 FU Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Fort Collins Science Center under the U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded jointly by the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Fort Collins Science Center under the U.S. Geological Survey. Many other professionals helped in the formulation/completion of this research and are deserving of acknowledgement, including Caleb Foy, Patrick Flynn, Dr. Josh Goldstein, Dr. John Loomis, Dr. Steve Koontz and Dr. Masdak Arabie of CSU, Dr. Ron Reynolds of USFWS, and Dr. Skip Hyberg of USDA. The authors would also like to thank Mark Vandever and Dr. Eihab Fathelrahman for an earlier review of the paper. Although these individuals contributed to this report, the authors, alone, assume full responsibilities for all the interpretations of the literature, assumptions and conclusions in this document Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 69 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1715 EP 1725 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 799CV UT WOS:000293262000003 ER PT J AU Deng, YM Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB AF Deng, Yamin Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; ACIDIC WATERS; ION ACTIVITY; RAIN WATER; ALUMINUM; GROUNDWATERS; EQUILIBRIA; COMPLEXES; GENESIS; SYSTEMS AB Thermal water samples from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have a wide range of pH (1-10), temperature, and high concentrations of fluoride (up to 50 mg/l). High fluoride concentrations are found in waters with field pH higher than 6 (except those in Crater Hills) and temperatures higher than 50 degrees C based on data from more than 750 water samples covering most thermal areas in YNP from 1975 to 2008. In this study, more than 140 water samples from YNP collected in 2006-2009 were analyzed for free-fluoride activity by ion-selective electrode (ISE) method as an independent check on the reliability of fluoride speciation calculations. The free to total fluoride concentration ratio ranged from <1% at low pH values to >99% at high pH. The wide range in fluoride activity can be explained by strong complexing withH(+) and Al(3+) under acidic conditions and lack of complexing under basic conditions. Differences between the free-fluoride activities calculated with the WATEQ4F code and those measured by ISE were within 0.3-30% for more than 90% of samples at or above 10(-6) molar, providing corroboration for chemical speciation models for a wide range of pH and chemistry of YNP thermal waters. Calculated speciation results show that free fluoride, F(-), and major complexes (HF((aq))(0), AlF(2+), AlF(2)(+) and AlF(3)(0)) account for more than 95% of total fluoride. Occasionally, some complex species like AlF(4)(-), FeF(2+), FeF(2+), MgF(+) and BF(2)(OH)(2)(-) 2 may comprise 1-10% when the concentrations of the appropriate components are high. According to the simulation results by PHREEQC and calculated results, the ratio of main fluoride species to total fluoride varies as a function of pH and the concentrations and ratios of F and Al. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Deng, Yamin; Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Deng, Yamin] China Univ Geosci, MOE Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dkn@usgs.gov FU Water Resources Discipline, USGS; NSF [DEB 02030677]; NSFC [40830748] FX The authors are grateful for the support of the National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline, USGS, and to the Biotic Surveys and Inventories program of NSF Grant DEB 02030677 awarded to Cristina Tackas-Vesbach and Anna-Louise Reysenbach. We are particularly appreciative of the NPS staff of Yellowstone National Park who have been generous in their time and helpful in all our endeavors to obtain hot water samples in dangerous places. The visit of Dr. Yamin Deng at USGS was financially supported by MOE111 project and NSFC(40830748). She appreciates the suggestions and encouragements from Prof. Yanxin Wang of China University of Geosciences and Prof. Shemin Ge of University of Colorado, who have improved the manuscript. We appreciate greatly the review comments from David Susong and David Roth of the USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 16 BP 4476 EP 4489 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 795YJ UT WOS:000293015500007 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Nordstrom, DK Bohlke, JK McCleskey, RB Ball, JW AF Holloway, JoAnn M. Nordstrom, D. Kirk Boehlke, J. K. McCleskey, R. Blaine Ball, James W. TI Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION METHOD; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROGEN; GEOCHEMISTRY; QUANTIFICATION; ADAPTATION; DISCHARGES; SUBDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; NITRATE AB Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH4(T) approximate to NH4(aq)+ + NH3(aq)degrees), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH4(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH4(T) concentration and delta O-18 of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH4(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH4(T) is highly variable (delta N-15= -6 parts per thousand to + 30 parts per thousand) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely delta N-15 values of nitrogen source materials (+ 1 parts per thousand to + 7 parts per thousand), high delta N-15 values in hot springs with pH > 5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH3(aq)degrees loss by volatilization. NH4(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative delta N-15 values that are attributed to NH3(g)degrees condensation. NH4(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH4(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jholloway@usgs.gov RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012; OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 FU Water Resources Discipline, USGS; NSF [DEB02030677] FX This project was supported by the National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline, USGS. We thank present and past Yellowstone National Park Service staff for their science support efforts. Several colleagues have assisted on field sampling trips including Phillip Verplanck, Sara LoVetere, Maria Elvira Hernandez Garcia, Britta Planer-Freidrich, Juliane Becker, Beate Bohme, Maria Rosario Pereira, Nuno Duraes, and Maria Pilar Asta. Janet Hannon performed most of the nitrogen isotopic analyses, with assistance from Haiping Qi and others. Water isotopic analyses were provided by Tyler Coplen and NH4(T) analyses were provided by Richard L. Smith with the assistance of Charles Hart and Deborah Repert. Cristina Takacs-Vesbach and Kendra Mitchell collected samples from Mirror Plateau and Violet Hot Springs through work funded under the Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program (NSF Grant DEB02030677 awarded to Cristina Takacs-Vesbach and Anna-Louise Reysenbach). This work has benefitted from comments on earlier drafts by Jacob Lowenstern, Neil Sturchio, Richard L. Smith, James Crock, and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 16 BP 4611 EP 4636 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 795YJ UT WOS:000293015500016 ER PT J AU Cahoon, DR White, DA Lynch, JC AF Cahoon, Donald R. White, David A. Lynch, James C. TI Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse splay of the Mississippi River delta SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crevasse splay; Mississippi River delta; Wetlands; Accretion; Shallow subsidence; Elevation ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSHES; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; VERTICAL ACCRETION; COASTAL WETLANDS; SOIL ELEVATION; SUBSIDENCE; IMPACTS; ACCUMULATION; LOUISIANA AB Crevasse splay environments provide a mesocosm for evaluating wetland formation and maintenance processes on a decadal time scale. Site elevation, water levels, vertical accretion, elevation change, shallow subsidence, and plant biomass were measured at five habitats along an elevation gradient to evaluate wetland formation and development in Brant Pass Splay; an active crevasse splay of the Balize delta of the Mississippi River. The processes of vertical development (vertical accretion, elevation change, and shallow subsidence) were measured with the surface elevation table marker horizon method. There were three distinct stages to the accrual of elevation capital and wetland formation in the splay: sediment infilling, vegetative colonization, and development of a mature wetland community. Accretion, elevation gain, and shallow subsidence all decreased by an order of magnitude from the open water (lowest elevation) to the forest (highest elevation) habitats. Vegetative colonization occurred within the first growing season following emergence of the mud surface. An explosively high rate of below-ground production quickly stabilized the loosely consolidated sub-aerial sediments. After emergent vegetation colonization, vertical development slowed and maintenance of marsh elevation was driven both by sediment trapping by the vegetation and accumulation of plant organic matter in the soil. Continued vertical development and survival of the marsh then depended on the health and productivity of the plant community. The process of delta wetland formation is both complex and nonlinear. Determining the dynamics of wetland formation will help in understanding the processes driving the past building of the delta and in developing models for restoring degraded wetlands in the Mississippi River delta and other deltas around the world. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cahoon, Donald R.; Lynch, James C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. [White, David A.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dcahoon@usgs.gov; dawhite@loyno.edu; jclynch@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.002 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 790FS UT WOS:000292574500001 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. TI Investigation of preparation techniques for delta H-2 analysis of keratin materials and a proposed analytical protocol SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; HUMAN HAIR; ORGANIC MATERIALS; BONE-COLLAGEN; D/H RATIOS; OXYGEN; EQUILIBRATION; MIGRATION AB Accurate hydrogen isotopic measurements of keratin materials have been a challenge due to exchangeable hydrogen in the sample matrix and the paucity of appropriate isotopic reference materials for calibration. We found that the most reproducible delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) and mole fraction of exchangeable hydrogen, x(H)(ex), of keratin materials were measured with equilibration at ambient temperature using two desiccators and two different equilibration waters with two sets of the keratin materials for 6 days. Following equilibration, drying the keratin materials in a vacuum oven for 4 days at 60 degrees C was most critical. The delta H-2 analysis protocol also includes interspersing isotopic reference waters in silver tubes among samples in the carousel of a thermal conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) reduction unit. Using this analytical protocol, delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values of the non-exchangeable fractions of USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair isotopic reference materials were determined to be -78.5 +/- 2.3 parts per thousand and -50.3 +/- 2.8 parts per thousand, respectively. The measured x(H)(ex) values of keratin materials analyzed with steam equilibration and N-2 drying were substantially higher than those previously published, and dry N-2 purging was unable to remove absorbed moisture completely, even with overnight purging. The delta H-2 values of keratin materials measured with steam equilibration were about 10 parts per thousand lower than values determined with equilibration in desiccators at ambient temperatures when on-line evacuation was used to dry samples. With steam equilibrations the x(H)(ex) of commercial keratin powder was as high as 28 %. Using human-hair isotopic reference materials to calibrate other keratin materials, such as hoof or horn, can introduce bias in delta H-2 measurements because the amount of absorbed water and the x(H)(ex) values may differ from those of unknown samples. Correct delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values of the non-exchangeable fractions of unknown human-hair samples can be determined with atmospheric moisture equilibration by normalizing with USGS42 and USGS43 human-hair reference materials when all materials have the same powder size. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by Helen Kreuzer (Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA), Glendon B. Hunsinger (visiting scientist at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia, USA), and three anonymous reviewers. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2209 EP 2222 DI 10.1002/rcm.5095 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 789XN UT WOS:000292552800012 PM 21735504 ER PT J AU Li, AM Huang, CQ Sun, GQ Shi, H Toney, C Zhu, ZL Rollins, MG Goward, SN Masek, JG AF Li, Among Huang, Chengquan Sun, Guoqing Shi, Hua Toney, Chris Zhu, Zhiliang Rollins, Matthew G. Goward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. TI Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Young forest; Disturbance; Height modeling; VCT; LTSS; GLAS ID CHANGE TRACKER MODEL; CANOPY HEIGHT; LASER ALTIMETER; TOPOGRAPHY MISSION; MAPPING VEGETATION; NATURE-RESERVE; SHUTTLE RADAR; STAND VOLUME; ETM+ DATA; LIDAR AB Many forestry and earth science applications require spatially detailed forest height data sets. Among the various remote sensing technologies, lidar offers the most potential for obtaining reliable height measurement. However, existing and planned spaceborne lidar systems do not have the capability to produce spatially contiguous, fine resolution forest height maps over large areas. This paper describes a Landsat-lidar fusion approach for modeling the height of young forests by integrating historical Landsat observations with lidar data acquired by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite. In this approach, "young" forests refer to forests reestablished following recent disturbances mapped using Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) and a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm. The GLAS lidar data is used to retrieve forest height at sample locations represented by the footprints of the lidar data. These samples are used to establish relationships between lidar-based forest height measurements and LTSS-VCT disturbance products. The height of "young" forest is then mapped based on the derived relationships and the LTSS-VCT disturbance products. This approach was developed and tested over the state of Mississippi. Of the various models evaluated, a regression tree model predicting forest height from age since disturbance and three cumulative indices produced by the LTSS-VCT method yielded the lowest cross validation error. The R(2) and root mean square difference (RMSD) between predicted and GLAS-based height measurements were 0.91 and 1.97 m, respectively. Predictions of this model had much higher errors than indicated by cross validation analysis when evaluated using field plot data collected through the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of USDA Forest Service. Much of these errors were due to a lack of separation between stand clearing and non-stand clearing disturbances in current LTSS-VCT products and difficulty in deriving reliable forest height measurements using GLAS samples when terrain relief was present within their footprints. In addition, a systematic underestimation of about 5 m by the developed model was also observed, half of which could be explained by forest growth that occurred between field measurement year and model target year. The remaining difference suggests that tree height measurements derived using waveform lidar data could be significantly underestimated, especially for young pine forests. Options for improving the height modeling approach developed in this study were discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Among; Huang, Chengquan; Sun, Guoqing; Goward, Samuel N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Among] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Shi, Hua] ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Toney, Chris] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Rollins, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-QN313]; intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States FX Funding support for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, and by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. Partial support was also provided by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KZCX2-YW-QN313). It contributes to the North American Carbon Program, and the joint USDA-DOI LANDFIRE project sponsored by the intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States. Portions of this work were performed in accordance with a memorandum of understanding between the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of USDA Forest Service and the interagency LANDFIRE program, in support of vegetation structure mapping in LANDFIRE. NR 89 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 8 BP 1837 EP 1849 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 785NJ UT WOS:000292235400005 ER PT J AU Muto, A Scambos, TA Steffen, K Slater, AG Clow, GD AF Muto, Atsuhiro Scambos, Ted A. Steffen, Konrad Slater, Andrew G. Clow, Gary D. TI Recent surface temperature trends in the interior of East Antarctica from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse methods SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB We use measured firn temperatures down to depths of 80 to 90 m at four locations in the interior of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica to derive surface temperature histories spanning the past few decades using two different inverse methods. We find that the mean surface temperatures near the ice divide (the highest-elevation ridge of East Antarctic Ice Sheet) have increased approximately 1 to 1.5 K within the past similar to 50 years, although the onset and rate of this warming vary by site. Histories at two locations, NUS07-5 (78.65 degrees S, 35.64 degrees E) and NUS07-7 (82.07 degrees S, 54.89 degrees E), suggest that the majority of this warming took place in the past one or two decades. Slight cooling to no change was indicated at one location, NUS08-5 (82.63 degrees S, 17.87 degrees E), off the divide near the Recovery Lakes region. In the most recent decade, inversion results indicate both cooler and warmer periods at different sites due to high interannual variability and relatively high resolution of the inverted surface temperature histories. The overall results of our analysis fit a pattern of recent climate trends emerging from several sources of the Antarctic temperature reconstructions: there is a contrast in surface temperature trends possibly related to altitude in this part of East Antarctica. Citation: Muto, A., T. A. Scambos, K. Steffen, A. G. Slater, and G. D. Clow (2011), Recent surface temperature trends in the interior of East Antarctica from borehole firn temperature measurements and geophysical inverse methods, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15502, doi:10.1029/2011GL048086. C1 [Muto, Atsuhiro; Scambos, Ted A.; Slater, Andrew G.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Muto, Atsuhiro; Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muto, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 408 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aum34@psu.edu RI Slater, Andrew/B-4666-2008; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; SLATER, ANDREW/0000-0002-4009-4844; Slater, Andrew/0000-0003-0480-8560 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0538103] FX We would like to thank the members of the Traverse and personnel from the Norwegian Polar Institute, Raytheon Polar Services Company, the 109th Air National Guard and the Antarctic Logistics Center International for their help in the field. We are also grateful to Frank Urban and Mark Ohms of the USGS for their help in calibrating temperature sensors. Accumulation rate and density data were kindly provided by Joe McConnell of the DRI, University of Nevada. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the text. This work was financially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant OPP-0538103 to the University of Colorado. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15502 DI 10.1029/2011GL048086 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807PF UT WOS:000293911500001 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Sterling, JT AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Sterling, Jeremy T. TI Velocity-Based Movement Modeling for Individual and Population Level Inference SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL MOVEMENT; REVERSIBLE JUMP; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT PREFERENCE; TELEMETRY DATA; FRAMEWORK; ECOLOGY AB Understanding animal movement and resource selection provides important information about the ecology of the animal, but an animal's movement and behavior are not typically constant in time. We present a velocity-based approach for modeling animal movement in space and time that allows for temporal heterogeneity in an animal's response to the environment, allows for temporal irregularity in telemetry data, and accounts for the uncertainty in the location information. Population-level inference on movement patterns and resource selection can then be made through cluster analysis of the parameters related to movement and behavior. We illustrate this approach through a study of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) movement in the Bering Sea, Alaska, USA. Results show sex differentiation, with female northern fur seals exhibiting stronger response to environmental variables. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.; Sterling, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [AB133F-09-SE-4640]; U.S. Geological Survey [1434-06HQRU1555] FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AB133F-09-SE-4640 and the U.S. Geological Survey 1434-06HQRU1555. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22795 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022795 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808CS UT WOS:000293953400014 PM 21931584 ER PT J AU Gardner, WP Susong, DD Solomon, DK Heasler, HP AF Gardner, W. Payton Susong, David D. Solomon, D. Kip Heasler, Henry P. TI A multitracer approach for characterizing interactions between shallow groundwater and the hydrothermal system in the Norris Geyser Basin area, Yellowstone National Park SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE chemistry; groundwater; heat flow; residence time distribution; springs; tectonics ID USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; EQUILIBRIA; DISCHARGE; PLATEAU; SPRINGS; RIVER; FLOW AB Multiple environmental tracers are used to investigate age distribution, evolution, and mixing in local- to regional-scale groundwater circulation around the Norris Geyser Basin area in Yellowstone National Park. Springs ranging in temperature from 3 degrees C to 90 degrees C in the Norris Geyser Basin area were sampled for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, major and minor element chemistry, dissolved chlorofluorocarbons, and tritium. Groundwater near Norris Geyser Basin is comprised of two distinct systems: a shallow, cool water system and a deep, high-temperature hydrothermal system. These two end-member systems mix to create springs with intermediate temperature and composition. Using multiple tracers from a large number of springs, it is possible constrain the distribution of possible flow paths and refine conceptual models of groundwater circulation in and around a large, complex hydrothermal system. C1 [Gardner, W. Payton; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gardner, W. Payton] CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. [Susong, David D.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Heasler, Henry P.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. RP Gardner, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 South,1460 East,Room 383, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM payton.gardner@csiro.au RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 FU National Park Service FX We would like to thank Jake Lowenstern, Shaul Hurwitz, Bill Evans, and two anonymous reviewers for the helpful input in making this paper a better product. Alan Rigby and the folks at the Utah Dissolved Gas Lab were instrumental in producing quality data. This project was funded in part by the National Park Service. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q08005 DI 10.1029/2010GC003353 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 807QF UT WOS:000293914100001 ER PT J AU Wanless, VD Perfit, MR Ridley, WI Wallace, PJ Grimes, CB Klein, EM AF Wanless, V. D. Perfit, M. R. Ridley, W. I. Wallace, P. J. Grimes, C. B. Klein, E. M. TI Volatile abundances and oxygen isotopes in basaltic to dacitic lavas on mid-ocean ridges: The role of assimilation at spreading centers SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Assimilation; Chlorine; Dacite; Mid-ocean ridge; Oxygen isotopes; Volatiles ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; MELT SUPPLY BENEATH; UPPER-MANTLE ROCKS; OCEANIC-CRUST; MAGMA CHAMBER; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; LOIHI SEAMOUNT; MAJOR-ELEMENT; ABYSSAL LAVAS AB Most geochemical variability in MOR basalts is consistent with low- to moderate-pressure fractional crystallization of various mantle-derived parental melts. However, our geochemical data from MOR high-silica glasses, including new volatile and oxygen isotope data, suggest that assimilation of altered crustal material plays a significant role in the petrogenesis of dacites and may be important in the formation of basaltic lavas at MOR in general. MOR high-silica andesites and dacites from diverse areas show remarkably similar major element trends, incompatible trace element enrichments, and isotopic signatures suggesting similar processes control their chemistry. In particular, very high Cl and elevated H(2)O concentrations and relatively light oxygen isotope ratios (similar to 5.8 parts per thousand vs. expected values of similar to 6.8 parts per thousand) in fresh dacite glasses can be explained by contamination of magmas from a component of ocean crust altered by hydrothermal fluids. Crystallization of silicate phases and Fe-oxides causes an increase in delta(18)O in residual magma, but assimilation of material initially altered at high temperatures results in lower delta(18)O values. The observed geochemical signatures can be explained by extreme fractional crystallization of a MOR basalt parent combined with partial melting and assimilation (AFC) of amphibole-bearing altered oceanic crust. The MOR dacitic lavas do not appear to be simply the extrusive equivalent of oceanic plagiogranites. The combination of partial melting and assimilation produces a distinct geochemical signature that includes higher incompatible trace element abundances and distinct trace element ratios relative to those observed in plagiogranites. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wanless, V. D.; Perfit, M. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ridley, W. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Wallace, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Grimes, C. B.] Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Klein, E. M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Grimes, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wanless, VD (reprint author), WHOI, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 24, Woods Hole, MA 02541 USA. EM dwanless@whoi.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0527075, OCE-0526120, EAR-0509639, 0838058]; Department of Energy [93ER14389] FX We thank the captain, officers and crew of the RN Atlantis for all their help during cruise AT15-17, the MEDUSA2007 Science party (including S. White, K. Von Damm, D. Fornari, A. Soule, S. Carmichael, K. Sims, A. Zaino, A. Fundis, J. Mason, J. O'Brien, C. Waters, F. Mansfield, K. Neely, J. Laliberte, E. Goehring, and L. Preston) for their diligence in collecting data and samples for this study. We thank the Jason II shipboard and shore-based operations group for their assistance in collecting these data and HMR for processing all DSL-120 sidescan and bathymetry collected during this cruise. Special thanks to J. W. Valley and the Stable Isotopes Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for oxygen isotope analyses and thoughtful discussion throughout the preparation of this manuscript. Thanks to G. Kamenov and the UF Center for Isotope Geoscience for laboratory assistance. This manuscript benefited greatly from thoughtful and detailed reviews by Peter Michael and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants OCE-0527075 to MRP, OCE-0526120 to EMK, EAR-0509639, 0838058 to JWV for laser fluorination) and the Department of Energy (grant 93ER14389 to JWV). NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 7 PY 2011 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.017 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 809CS UT WOS:000294030000004 ER PT J AU Santos, IR Burnett, WC Misra, S Suryaputra, IGNA Chanton, JP Dittmar, T Peterson, RN Swarzenski, PW AF Santos, Isaac R. Burnett, William C. Misra, Sambuddha Suryaputra, I. G. N. A. Chanton, Jeffrey P. Dittmar, Thorsten Peterson, Richard N. Swarzenski, Peter W. TI Uranium and barium cycling in a salt wedge subterranean estuary: The influence of tidal pumping SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permeable sediments; Heavy metals; Advection; Coastal aquifer, radon; Porewater; Radium isotopes ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED TRACE-METALS; RADIUM ISOTOPES; MIXING ZONE; COASTAL WATERS; PORE-WATER; GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB The contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to oceanic metal budgets is only beginning to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that biogeochemical processes in a northern Florida subterranean estuary (STE) significantly alter U and Ba concentrations entering the coastal ocean via SGD. Tidal pumping controlled the distribution of dissolved metals in shallow beach groundwater. Hourly observations of intertidal groundwaters revealed high U and low Ba concentrations at high tide as a result of seawater infiltration into the coastal aquifer. During ebb tide. U decreased and Ba increased due to freshwater dilution and, more importantly, biogeochemical reactions that removed U and added Ba to solution. U removal was apparently a result of precipitation following the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). A significant correlation between Ba and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in shallow beach groundwaters implied a common source, likely the mineralization of marine particulate organic matter driven into the beach face by tidal pumping. In deeper groundwaters, where the labile organic matter had been depleted, Ba correlated with Mn. We estimate that net SGD fluxes were -163 and + 1660 mu mol m(-1) d(-1) for U and Ba, respectively (or -1 and +8 mu mol m(-2) d(-1) if a 200-m wide seepage area is considered). Our results support the emerging concept that subterranean estuaries are natural biogeochemical reactors where metal concentrations are altered relative to conservative mixing between terrestrial and marine endmembers. These deviations from conservative mixing significantly influence SGD-derived trace metal fluxes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Santos, Isaac R.] So Cross Univ, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Santos, Isaac R.; Burnett, William C.; Misra, Sambuddha; Suryaputra, I. G. N. A.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Dittmar, Thorsten; Peterson, Richard N.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dittmar, Thorsten] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Max Planck Res Grp Marine Geochem, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Peterson, Richard N.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santos, IR (reprint author), So Cross Univ, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. EM isaac.santos@scu.edu.au RI Dittmar, Thorsten/L-7796-2013; OI Dittmar, Thorsten/0000-0002-3462-0107; Suryaputra, I Gusti Ngurah Agung/0000-0003-2474-4736; Santos, Isaac/0000-0003-0524-842X FU NSF [OCE05-20723]; ARC [LP100200731, DP110103638] FX This project was sponsored by NSF (OCE05-20723). Benjamin Mwashote and Natasha Dimova provided valuable help throughout this project. Philip Froelich kindly allowed us to use his ICP to perform metal analysis. PWS thanks the USGS Coastal Marine and Geology program for continued support. We thank the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory (FSUCML) personnel for their helpful support. IRS acknowledges support of ARC grants during the preparation of this manuscript (LP100200731 and DP110103638). Two anonymous reviewers and the editor provided valuable comments. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 7 PY 2011 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.06.005 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 809CS UT WOS:000294030000009 ER PT J AU Toda, S Stein, RS Lin, J AF Toda, Shinji Stein, Ross S. Lin, Jian TI Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUNDA TRENCH; MAGNITUDE AB We report on a broad and unprecedented increase in seismicity rate following the M=9.0 Tohoku mainshock for M >= 2 earthquakes over inland Japan, parts of the Japan Sea and Izu islands, at distances of up to 425 km from the locus of high (>= 15 m) seismic slip on the megathrust. Such an increase was not seen for the 2004 M=9.1 Sumatra or 2010 M=8.8 Chile earthquakes, but they lacked the seismic networks necessary to detect such small events. Here we explore the possibility that the rate changes are the product of static Coulomb stress transfer to small faults. We use the nodal planes of M >= 3.5 earthquakes as proxies for such small active faults, and find that of fifteen regions averaging similar to 80 by 80 km in size, 11 show a positive association between calculated stress changes and the observed seismicity rate change, 3 show a negative correlation, and for one the changes are too small to assess. This work demonstrates that seismicity can turn on in the nominal stress shadow of a mainshock as long as small geometrically diverse active faults exist there, which is likely quite common. Citation: Toda, S., R. S. Stein, and J. Lin (2011), Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L00G03, doi:10.1029/2011GL047834. C1 [Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Lin, Jian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Toda, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. NR 19 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L00G03 DI 10.1029/2011GL047834 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 804JZ UT WOS:000293651400002 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Young, C Feng, M Heidemann, K Cushing, M Mushet, DM Liu, SG AF Huang, Shengli Young, Claudia Feng, Min Heidemann, Karl Cushing, Matthew Mushet, David M. Liu, Shuguang TI Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prairie Pothole Region; Wetland; Flood; LiDAR; Digital elevation ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; NORTH-DAKOTA; DROUGHT; WATER; DEPRESSIONS; CLIMATE; FLUCTUATIONS; EQUATIONS; HYDROLOGY AB Recent flood events in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have stimulated interest in modeling water storage capacities of wetlands and their surrounding catchments to facilitate flood mitigation efforts. Accurate estimates of basin storage capacities have been hampered by a lack of high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed a 0.5 m bare-earth model from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and, in combination with National Wetlands Inventory data, delineated wetland catchments and their spilling points within a 196 km(2) study area. We then calculated the maximum water storage capacity of individual basins and modeled the connectivity among these basins. When compared to field survey results, catchment and spilling point delineations from the LiDAR bare-earth model captured subtle landscape features very well. Of the 11 modeled spilling points, 10 matched field survey spilling points. The comparison between observed and modeled maximum water storage had an R(2) of 0.87 with mean absolute error of 5564 m(3). Since maximum water storage capacity of basins does not translate into floodwater regulation capability, we further developed a Basin Floodwater Regulation Index. Based upon this index, the absolute and relative water that could be held by wetlands over a landscape could be modeled. This conceptual model of floodwater downstream contribution was demonstrated with water level data from 17 May 2008. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heidemann, Karl; Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Huang, Shengli] US Geol Survey USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Feng, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Feng, Min] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cushing, Matthew] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mushet, David M.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS EROS, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov FU USGS [G08PC91508, G1OPC00044, 08HQCN0005]; US Department of Agriculture; US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Global Change Research and Development Programs FX 1 Work performed under USGS Contract G08PC91508. 2 Work performed under USGS Contract G1OPC00044. 3 Work performed under USGS Contract 08HQCN0005.; This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture's Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP)-Wetlands, the US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM), and the Global Change Research and Development Programs. The authors greatly thank Dr. Robert Gleason and Mr. Brian Tangen for data analysis support. The authors also give special thanks to Dr. Yiping Wu, Dr. Suming Jin, and Dr. Larry Tieszen for their constructive comments and Mr. Craig Walters for improving the English. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 5 PY 2011 VL 405 IS 3-4 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 809VZ UT WOS:000294086100016 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Ojha, L Dundas, CM Mattson, SS Byrne, S Wray, JJ Cull, SC Murchie, SL Thomas, N Gulick, VC AF McEwen, Alfred S. Ojha, Lujendra Dundas, Colin M. Mattson, Sarah S. Byrne, Shane Wray, James J. Cull, Selby C. Murchie, Scott L. Thomas, Nicolas Gulick, Virginia C. TI Seasonal Flows on Warm Martian Slopes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULLY ACTIVITY; MARS; STABILITY; EVAPORATION; STREAKS; BRINES; WET AB Water probably flowed across ancient Mars, but whether it ever exists as a liquid on the surface today remains debatable. Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are narrow (0.5 to 5 meters), relatively dark markings on steep (25 degrees to 40 degrees) slopes; repeat images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment show them to appear and incrementally grow during warm seasons and fade in cold seasons. They extend downslope from bedrock outcrops, often associated with small channels, and hundreds of them form in some rare locations. RSL appear and lengthen in the late southern spring and summer from 48 degrees S to 32 degrees S latitudes favoring equator-facing slopes, which are times and places with peak surface temperatures from similar to 250 to 300 kelvin. Liquid brines near the surface might explain this activity, but the exact mechanism and source of water are not understood. C1 [McEwen, Alfred S.; Ojha, Lujendra; Mattson, Sarah S.; Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cull, Selby C.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Gulick, Virginia C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gulick, Virginia C.] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Ojha, Lujendra/B-2805-2013; Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA FX This research was supported by NASA's MRO project; we thank them along with the reviewers. All original data reported in this paper are tabulated in the SOM and archived by NASA's Planetary Data System. NR 31 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 11 U2 80 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 5 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6043 BP 740 EP 743 DI 10.1126/science.1204816 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 802LH UT WOS:000293512100038 PM 21817049 ER PT J AU Misra, V Moeller, L Stefanova, L Chan, S O'Brien, JJ Smith, TJ Plant, N AF Misra, Vasubandhu Moeller, Lauren Stefanova, Lydia Chan, Steven O'Brien, James J. Smith, Thomas J., III Plant, Nathaniel TI The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; CONVECTION AB In this paper we examine the variations of the boreal summer season sea breeze circulation along the Florida panhandle coast from relatively high resolution (10 km) regional climate model integrations. The 23 year climatology (1979-2001) of the multidecadal dynamically downscaled simulations forced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE) Reanalysis II at the lateral boundaries verify quite well with the observed climatology. The variations at diurnal and interannual time scales are also well simulated with respect to the observations. We show from composite analyses made from these downscaled simulations that sea breezes in northwestern Florida are associated with changes in the size of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) on interannual time scales. In large AWP years when the North Atlantic Subtropical High becomes weaker and moves further eastward relative to the small AWP years, a large part of the southeast U.S. including Florida comes under the influence of relatively strong anomalous low-level northerly flow and large-scale subsidence consistent with the theory of the Sverdrup balance. This tends to suppress the diurnal convection over the Florida panhandle coast in large AWP years. This study is also an illustration of the benefit of dynamic downscaling in understanding the low-frequency variations of the sea breeze. C1 [Misra, Vasubandhu; Moeller, Lauren] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Misra, Vasubandhu; Moeller, Lauren; Stefanova, Lydia; Chan, Steven; O'Brien, James J.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Misra, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM vmisra@fsu.edu RI stefanova, lydia/B-2759-2013; OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310221]; USDA CDC [5U01EH000421, G10AC00149]; United States Geological Survey; National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We acknowledge the resources of the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory of NCAR to obtain some of the observational data sets used for verification in this study. This research is supported by the NOAA grant NA07OAR4310221, USDA CDC grant 5U01EH000421, and contract G10AC00149, from the United States Geological Survey. T.J.S. III was supported by the USGS project, "La Florida: A Land of Flowers along a Latitude of Deserts" from the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The paper's contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USGS, USDA, CDC, or NOAA. We also acknowledge the support of the Florida State University high-performance computing center, where all the computations in the paper were conducted. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00Q06 DI 10.1029/2010JD015367 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 804LS UT WOS:000293655900001 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Simon, TP Welsh, SA AF Loughman, Zachary J. Simon, Thomas P. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax, a new species of crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Greenbrier River basin of West Virginia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Appalachian Mountains; biogeography; endemic species; morphometrics ID NORTH-CAROLINA; CONSERVATION; HISTORY AB Cambarus (Puncticambarus) smilax is a stream-dwelling crayfish that appears to be endemic to the Greenbrier River basin in the Valley and Ridge province of West Virginia. Within the Greenbrier system it occurs primarily in tributaries to the Greenbrier mainstem, with stable populations in the East and West Fork, and Thorny, Knapp, and Deer creeks. The new species is morphologically most similar to C. (P.) robustus, from which it can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: adult palm length comprising 73-76% of palm width as opposed to 63-70% in C. (P.) robustus; ventral surface of chela of cheliped with 0-2 subpalmar tubercles compared to 3-6 subpalmar tubercles in C. (P.) robust us; lack of tubercles on the dorsal surface of chela; longer, more tapering, less rectangular rostrum (47-52% rostrum width/length ratio) compared to C. (P.) robustus shorter, less tapering rectangular rostrum (54-63% rostrum width/length ratio); and the central projection of the form-I male gonopod curved <= 90 degrees to the shaft. C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. [Simon, Thomas P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Campus Serv Ctr Box 139, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 FU West Liberty University Foundation; WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and John Cooper whose suggestions improved the overall quality of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the West Liberty University Foundation and through a Cooperative Research, Education, and Management Grant from the WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 805XY UT WOS:000293765600006 ER PT J AU Zug, GR Gotte, SW Jacobs, JF AF Zug, George R. Gotte, Steve W. Jacobs, Jeremy F. TI Pythons in Burma: Short-tailed python (Reptilia: Squamata) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biogeography; herpetofauna; morphometrics; scalation ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; CONSERVATION; AMPHIBIANS AB Short-tailed pythons, Python curtus species group, occur predominantly in the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. The discovery of an adult female in Mon State, Myanmar, led to a review of the distribution of all group members (spot-mapping of all localities of confirmed occurrence) and an examination of morphological variation in P. brongersmai. The resulting maps demonstrate a limited occurrence of these pythons within peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo with broad absences in these regions. Our small samples limit the recognition of regional differentiation in the morphology of P. brongersmai populations; however, the presence of unique traits in the Myanmar python and its strong allopatry indicate that it is a unique genetic lineage, and it is described as Python kyaiktiyo new species. C1 [Zug, George R.; Jacobs, Jeremy F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gotte, Steve W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Zug, GR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zugg@si.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 2 BP 112 EP 136 PG 25 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 805XY UT WOS:000293765600007 ER PT J AU Greskowiak, J Hay, MB Prommer, H Liu, CX Post, VEA Ma, R Davis, JA Zheng, CM Zachara, JM AF Greskowiak, Janek Hay, Michael B. Prommer, Henning Liu, Chongxuan Post, Vincent E. A. Ma, Rui Davis, James A. Zheng, Chunmiao Zachara, John M. TI Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; MASS-TRANSFER; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VADOSE ZONE; URANIUM(VI); DESORPTION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; HANFORD AB Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface complexation reactions in the intragrain regions and approximates the diffusive mass exchange between the immobile intragrain pore water and the advective pore water as multirate first-order mass transfer and (2) the chemical nonequilibrium approach that approximates the diffusion-limited intragrain surface complexation reactions by a set of multiple first-order surface complexation reaction kinetics, thereby eliminating the explicit treatment of aqueous speciation in the intragrain pore water. A model comparison has been carried out for column and field scale scenarios, representing the highly transient hydrological and geochemical conditions in the U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford 300A site, Washington, USA. It was found that the response of U(VI) mass transfer behavior to hydrogeochemically induced changes in U(VI) adsorption strength was more pronounced in the physical than in the chemical nonequilibrium model. The magnitude of the differences in model behavior depended particularly on the degree of disequilibrium between the advective and immobile phase U(VI) concentrations. While a clear difference in U(VI) transport behavior between the two models was noticeable for the column-scale scenarios, only minor differences were found for the Hanford 300A field scale scenarios, where the model-generated disequilibrium conditions were less pronounced as a result of frequent groundwater flow reversals. C1 [Greskowiak, Janek; Prommer, Henning] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Greskowiak, Janek] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Working Grp Hydrogeol & Landscape Hydrol, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Hay, Michael B.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Prommer, Henning] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Liu, Chongxuan; Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Ma, Rui; Zheng, Chunmiao] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Post, Vincent E. A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Davis, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Greskowiak, J (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA, Australia. EM janek.greskowiak@uni-oldenburg.de RI Prommer, Henning/A-4555-2008; Post, Vincent/E-6054-2011; Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015; Greskowiak, Janek/F-4198-2012 OI Prommer, Henning/0000-0002-8669-8184; Post, Vincent/0000-0002-9463-3081; Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305; FU CSIRO; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) FX We very much thank Aaron McDonough for preparing the parallel version of PHT3D, National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) Facility of Australia and iVEC, Western Australia, as well as Richard Silberstein (CSIRO) for providing high performance computing resources. This research was supported by a CSIRO OCE postdoctoral fellowship for JG; and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program (SBR) through the Hanford Integrated Field Research Challenge. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W08501 DI 10.1029/2010WR010118 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 804JF UT WOS:000293649400001 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR Madrak, S Meyer, K Loughran, C Bjurlin, C Arundel, T Turner, W Jones, C Groenendaal, GM AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. Madrak, Sheila Meyer, Kathie Loughran, Caleb Bjurlin, Curtis Arundel, Terry Turner, Wendy Jones, Cristina Groenendaal, Gayle M. TI EFFECTS OF WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION ON GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHY, AND SURVIVORSHIP OF A DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) POPULATION IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WITH COMPARISONS TO NATURAL POPULATIONS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; Desert Tortoise; growth; renewable energy; survivorship; wind energy ID COMMON RAVEN PREDATION; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; EGG-PRODUCTION; CATCH-CURVE; SIZE; AGE; MATURITY; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; TURTLES AB We studied a Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population at a large wind energy generation facility near Palm Springs, California over six field seasons from 1997 to 2010. We compared growth and demographic parameters to populations living in less disturbed areas; as well as populations of the closely-related and newly-described G. morafkai elsewhere in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. We marked 69 individuals of all size classes and estimated a population size of 96 tortoises, or about 15.4/km(2). Growth rates for males were lower than reported elsewhere, although maximum body size was larger. The smallest female with shelled eggs was 221 mm and males mature at over 200 mm. Mean male size was greater than that of females. The adult sex ratio was not significantly different from unity. Size frequency histograms were similar over time and when compared to most, but not all, G. morafkai populations in the Sonoran Desert. For a cohort of adult females, we estimated mortality at 8.4% annually due, in part, to site operations. This value was low in comparison to many other populations during the same time period. Other than possible differences in growth rate of males and the high survivorship of females, there appear to be few differences between this population and those in more natural areas. The high productivity of food plants at the site and its limited public access may contribute to the overall stability of the population. However, the effects of utility-scale renewable energy development on tortoises in other, less productive, areas are unknown. Additional research (especially controlled and replicated before and after studies) is urgently needed to address this deficiency because of forecasted expansion of utility-scale renewable energy development in the future. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.; Loughran, Caleb; Arundel, Terry] No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ennen, Joshua R.] Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. [Madrak, Sheila] San Diego State Univ UC Davis, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Meyer, Kathie] US Forest Serv, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis] Wind Capital Grp, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Turner, Wendy] ECORP Consulting Inc, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Jones, Cristina] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Turtles Project, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Appl Res & Dev Bldg,Suite 150,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jennen@usgs.gov; svmadrak@gmail.com; kpmeyer@fs.fed.us; cloughran@usgs.gov; curtbjurlin@gmail.com; weturner1@hotmail.com; CJones@azgfd.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association and volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to Ramona Daniels, Rowland Griese, Mark Massar, and Gavin Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. Mart Westbrooks and Kip Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. Charlie Porter and Annette Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program, California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted greatly from comments offered by David Germano and Bruce Bury. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 91 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 30 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UK UT WOS:000300381600001 ER PT J AU Chelgren, ND Samora, B Adams, MJ McCreary, B AF Chelgren, Nathan D. Samora, Barbara Adams, Michael J. McCreary, Brome TI USING SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELS AND DISTANCE SAMPLING TO MAP THE SPACE USE AND ABUNDANCE OF NEWLY METAMORPHOSED WESTERN TOADS (ANAXYRUS BOREAS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaxyrus boreas; Bayesian estimation; distance sampling; juvenile; metamorphosis; variable-distance line-transect; Western Toad; WinBUGS ID TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; BUFO-MARINUS; ACTIVITY METABOLISM; SPATIAL MODELS; FROGS; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; SIZE; EMIGRATION; PATTERNS AB High variability in abundance, cryptic coloration, and small body size of newly metamorphosed anurans have limited demographic studies of this life-history stage. We used line-transect distance sampling and Bayesian methods to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in terrestrial habitat surrounding a montane lake in central Washington, USA. We completed 154 line-transect surveys from the commencement of metamorphosis (15 September 2009) to the date of first snow accumulation in fall (1 October 2009), and located 543 newly metamorphosed toads. After accounting for variable detection probability associated with the extent of barren habitats, estimates of total surface abundance ranged from a posterior median of 3,880 (95% credible intervals from 2,235 to 12,600) in the first week of sampling to 12,150 (5,543 to 51,670) during the second week of sampling. Numbers of newly metamorphosed toads dropped quickly with increasing distance from the lakeshore in a pattern that differed over the three weeks of the study and contradicted our original hypotheses. Though we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of toads would initially be concentrated near the lake shore and then spread outward from the lake over time, we observed the opposite. Ninety-five percent of individuals occurred within 20, 16, and 15 m of shore during weeks one, two, and three respectively, probably reflecting continued emergence of newly metamorphosed toads from the lake and mortality or burrow use of dispersed individuals. Numbers of toads were highest near the inlet stream of the lake. Distance sampling may provide a useful method for estimating the surface abundance of newly metamorphosed toads and relating their space use to landscape variables despite uncertain and variable probability of detection. We discuss means of improving the precision of estimates of total abundance. C1 [Chelgren, Nathan D.; Adams, Michael J.; McCreary, Brome] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Samora, Barbara] Mt Rainier Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Ashford, WA 98304 USA. RP Chelgren, ND (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan_chelgren@usgs.gov FU Natural Resource Program Center of the U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative [381] FX We would like to thank Anthony Anderson, Jacob Layman, Kyle Pritchard, Neal Marks, and Renee Mitchell for field assistance, and Rebecca Lofgren for logistical support. Patti Haggerty provided assistance with GIS. This project was funded by the Natural Resource Program Center of the U.S. National Park Service, and is product number 381 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This study was conducted under U.S. National Park Service scientific research and collecting permit, number MORA-2008-SCI-0013. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 34 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UK UT WOS:000300381600002 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Birkhead, RD Kreiser, BR Gaillard, DL Qualls, CP Lovich, JE AF Ennen, Joshua R. Birkhead, Roger D. Kreiser, Brian R. Gaillard, Daniel L. Qualls, Carl P. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI THE EFFECTS OF ISOLATION ON THE DEMOGRAPHY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LONG-LIVED SPECIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE GOPHER TORTOISE (GOPHERUS POLYPHEMUS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; demography; fragmentation; genetic diversity; Gopherus polyphemus; Gopher Tortoise; isolation; USA ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; DESERT TORTOISES; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION EXTINCTION; SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ACTINEMYS-MARMORATA; GROWTH HISTORIES; AGE STRUCTURE AB In the southeastern United States, habitat loss has fragmented the landscape and isolated many populations of this region's flora and fauna, which has presumably resulted in smaller population sizes and reduced levels of genetic diversity. For example, forestry practices and anthropogenic disturbances are both cited as factors fragmenting the once extensive range of Gopherus polyphemus. One localized, but extreme, source of fragmentation was the impoundment of the Chattahoochee River in 1963 to form Walter F. George Reservoir along the border of Georgia and Alabama. The formation of this reservoir isolated populations of G. polyphemus on two newly created islands providing a natural laboratory to explore the demographics and genetic effects of fragmentation on a long-lived species. These populations were first surveyed in 1984 and, 21 years later, we revisited them to collect demographic data and tissue samples for genetic analysis. We genotyped all individuals for 10 microsatellite loci, and we tested these data for bottlenecks and compared them to levels of genetic diversity for populations from other portions of the range. We found 45 and two individuals on the larger and smaller islands, respectively. On the large island, however, the population size was identical to the 1984 survey. Only the population structure based on estimated age differed between the 1984 and 2004 surveys, while population size structure based on carapace length, sex ratio, and sex-specific growth rates did not differ. The population of the large island showed genetic evidence of a past bottleneck. The genetic diversity indices from the population of the large island, however, were comparable to or greater than those found at mainland sites, in particular from western populations. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Birkhead, Roger D.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kreiser, Brian R.; Gaillard, Daniel L.; Qualls, Carl P.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jennen@usgs.gov; birkhrd@auburn.edu; Brian.Kreiser@usm.edu; Daniel.Gaillard@eagles.usm.edu; Carl.Qualls@usm.edu; Jeffrey_Lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACE-ERDC-CERL) [W9132T-06-2-0021]; Gopher Tortoise Council FX Funding for part of this project was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACE-ERDC-CERL, W9132T-06-2-0021). Funding for the island trapping was provided by the Gopher Tortoise Council Landers Student research award (to RDB). Collecting permits were provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (permit # 29-WMB-04-86) and the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks. This work was approved by both the University of Southern Mississippi's (protocol no. 07032201) and Auburn University's (protocol no. 20030460) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. We would like to thank the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for allowing access to the islands, and especially Bill Smallwood, Brian Peck, and Sara Jerningan; the Cotton Creek campground attendants, David and Doris Robinson; Shannon Hoss, Geoff Sorrell, Will Underwood, Bill Birkhead, Chelsea Ward and Ed Wester for assistance with the island surveys; Gary Hepp for use of the boat; and finally Chelsea Ward, Faith Birkhead, Bill Birkhead, and James R. Black for their invaluable help with trapping. We thank the following people for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript: Jeffrey Markert, Jonathan Richmond, and Henry Mushinsky. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 BP 202 EP 214 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UK UT WOS:000300381600004 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Mustard, JF Clark, RN Swayze, GA Murchie, SL AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Mustard, John F. Clark, Roger N. Swayze, Gregg A. Murchie, Scott L. TI EVIDENCE FOR LOW-GRADE METAMORPHISM, HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION, AND DIAGENESIS ON MARS FROM PHYLLOSILICATE MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Analcime; Chlorite; Craters; Diagenesis; Hydrothermal Alteration; Illite; Infrared Spectroscopy; Mars; Metamorphism; Muscovite; Phyllosilicates; Prehnite; Serpentine; Silica; Zeolites ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; BEARING ROCKS; DEPOSITS; ZEOLITE; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; SILICA; ILLITE; SERPENTINIZATION AB The enhanced spatial and spectral resolution provided by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has led to the discovery of numerous hydrated silicate minerals on Mars, particularly in the ancient, cratered crust comprising the southern highlands. Phases recently identified using visible/near-infrared spectra include: smectite, chlorite, prehnite, high-charge phyllosilicates (illite or muscovite), the zeolite analcime, opaline silica, and serpentine. Some mineral assemblages represent the products of aqueous alteration at elevated temperatures. Geologic occurrences of these mineral assemblages are described using examples from west of the Isidis basin near the Nili Fossae and with reference to differences in implied temperature, fluid composition, and starting materials during alteration. The alteration minerals are not distributed homogeneously. Rather, certain craters host distinctive alteration assemblages: (1) prehnite-chloritesilica, (2) analcime-silica-Fe, Mg-smectite-chlorite, (3) chlorite-illite (muscovite), and (4) serpentine, which furthermore has been found in bedrock units. These assemblages contrast with the prevalence of solely Fe, Mg-smectites in most phyllosilicate-bearing terrains on Mars, and they represent materials altered at depth then exposed by cratering. Of the minerals found to date, prehnite provides the clearest evidence for subsurface, hydrothermal/metamorphic alteration, as it forms only under highly restricted conditions (T = 200-400 degrees C). Multiple mechanisms exist for forming the other individual minerals; however, the most likely formation mechanisms for the characteristic mineralogic assemblages observed are, for (1) and (2), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400 degrees C) circulation of fluids in basalt; for (3), transformation of trioctahedral smectites to chlorite and dioctahedral smectites to illite during diagenesis; and for (4), low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal (<400 degrees C) circulation of fluids in ultramafic rocks. Evidence for high-grade metamorphism at elevated pressures or temperatures >400 degrees C has not been found. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC170-25, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ehlmann@gps.caltech.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 96 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 41 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 59 IS 4 BP 359 EP 377 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590402 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 858KB UT WOS:000297794500003 ER PT J AU Blasch, KW AF Blasch, Kyle W. TI METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS WATER PRESENCE ON SPELEOTHEMS DURING PERIODS OF LOW PRECIPITATION, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR RECHARGE SOURCES - KARTCHNER CAVERNS, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE SENSORS AB Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow in the channels overlying the cave as well as the movement of water within the cave system. Direct infiltration of precipitation through overhead rocks provided consistent inflow to the cave, but precipitation rates and subsequent infiltration rates were reduced during the comparatively dry years. Ephemeral stream-channel recharge through autogenic and allogenic processes, the predominant recharge mechanism during wetter periods, was limited to two low-volume events. From visual observations, it appeared that recharge from channel infiltration was equal to or less than recharge from overhead infiltration. Electrical-resistance sensors were able to detect thin films of water on speleothems, including stalactites, ribbons, and stalagmites. These films of water were directly attributed to overhead infiltration of precipitation. Periods of low precipitation resulted in decreased speleothem wetness. C1 US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 2 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.4311/jcks2009es0094 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 850ZK UT WOS:000297237900004 ER PT J AU Wolf, KL Ahn, C Noe, GB AF Wolf, Kristin L. Ahn, Changwoo Noe, Gregory B. TI Development of Soil Properties and Nitrogen Cycling in Created Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Age-trajectory; Denitrification potential; Freshwater created wetlands; Nitrogen cycling; Nitrogen mineralization; Organic carbon ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER AMENDMENTS; PAIRED NATURAL WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; SALT-MARSH; DENITRIFICATION; CARBON; NITRIFICATION AB Mitigation wetlands are expected to compensate for the loss of structure and function of natural wetlands within 5-10 years of creation; however, the age-based trajectory of development in wetlands is unclear. This study investigates the development of coupled structural (soil properties) and functional (nitrogen cycling) attributes of created non-tidal freshwater wetlands of varying ages and natural reference wetlands to determine if created wetlands attain the water quality ecosystem service of nitrogen (N) cycling over time. Soil condition component and its constituents, gravimetric soil moisture, total organic carbon, and total N, generally increased and bulk density decreased with age of the created wetland. Nitrogen flux rates demonstrated age-related patterns, with younger created wetlands having lower rates of ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen mineralization, and denitrification potential than older created wetlands and natural reference wetlands. Results show a clear age-related trajectory in coupled soil condition and N cycle development, which is essential for water quality improvement. These findings can be used to enhance N processing in created wetlands and inform the regulatory evaluation of mitigation wetlands by identifying structural indicators of N processing performance. C1 [Wolf, Kristin L.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wolf, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kwolf2@gmu.edu OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS-NIWR Grant; Jeffress Memorial Trust; Society of Wetlands Scientists; Washington Field Biologist Club; Cosmos Foundation; USGS FX We thank Nicholas Ostroski, Russel Fielding, and Hannah McFarland for their help with data collection and Elizabeth Jones and the M. Voytek microbiology lab for use of their equipment for this project. We also thank Wetland Solutions and Studies, Inc. and Angler Environmental for use of their wetlands. This study was made possible through funding from USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, USGS-NIWR Grant, Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund, the Society of Wetlands Scientists, USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis Program, USGS National Research Program, the Washington Field Biologist Club, and the Cosmos Foundation. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 699 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0185-4 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843TH UT WOS:000296695000007 ER PT J AU Euliss, NH Mushet, DM AF Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Mushet, David M. TI A Multi-Year Comparison of IPCI Scores for Prairie Pothole Wetlands: Implications of Temporal and Spatial Variation SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Assessment; Biocriteria; Floristic quality; Metrics; IBI; Wetland condition ID NORTH-DAKOTA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WATER; LEVEL; INDEX; USA; VARIABILITY AB In the prairie pothole region of North America, development of Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) to detect anthropogenic impacts on wetlands has been hampered by naturally dynamic inter-annual climate fluctuations. Of multiple efforts to develop IBIs for prairie pothole wetlands, only one, the Index of Plant Community Integrity (IPCI), has reported success. We evaluated the IPCI and its ability to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic variation using plant community data collected from 16 wetlands over a 4-year-period. We found that under constant anthropogenic influence, IPCI metric scores and condition ratings varied annually in response to environmental variation driven primarily by natural climate variation. Artificially forcing wetlands that occur along continuous hydrologic gradients into a limited number of discrete classes (e. g., temporary, seasonal, and semipermanent) further confounded the utility of IPCI metrics. Because IPCI scores vary significantly due to natural climate dynamics as well as human impacts, methodology must be developed that adequately partitions natural and anthropogenically induced variation along continuous hydrologic gradients. Until such methodology is developed, the use of the IPCI to evaluate prairie pothole wetlands creates potential for misdirected corrective or regulatory actions, impairment of natural wetland functional processes, and erosion of public confidence in the wetland sciences. C1 [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37 St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM ceuliss@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 713 EP 723 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843TH UT WOS:000296695000008 ER PT J AU Jiang, M Middleton, BA AF Jiang, Ming Middleton, Beth A. TI Soil Characteristics of Sediment-Amended Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) Swamps of Coastal Louisiana SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Barataria; Coastal wetland; Dredging; Jean Lafitte; Soil development; Wetland rehabilitation ID SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; USA; ELEVATION; SALINITY; GRADIENT; WETLANDS; GROWTH; PLANT; REHABILITATION AB Amendments of sediment from dredging activities have played an important role in raising the elevation of sinking coastal wetlands. This study compared the soil characteristics of sediment-amended coastal swamps in the Barataria Preserve unit of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve with natural swamps along Bayou des Familles. The sandy sediment amendments used in the coastal forests had different soil texture and characteristics than the more organic soils of the natural swamps. Three years after the application of these sediments on the sediment-amended swamps, dewatering and compaction of the sediment had occurred but the sediment still had high salinity and bulk density, and low organic matter content. The two sediment-amended swamps differed from each other in that Site 1 had a higher elevation (mean=25 cm higher) and drier soil than Site 2. The effects of sediment in coastal forested wetlands require separate consideration from studies of salt marshes, e. g., the weight of the sediment might damage tree roots, or the amendments might influence soil stability during storms in a different way. Generally, this study suggests that shallower depths of sediment are more likely to yield environments beneficial to these sinking baldcypress swamps in coastal Louisiana. C1 [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Jiang, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, NE Inst Geog & Agr Ecol, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, Peoples R China. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jiangm0431@yahoo.com; middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU U.S. National Park Service [POBS61]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871049, 40830535] FX This study was supported with funding to Beth Middleton from the U.S. National Park Service, POBS61, "Effects of dredge spoil applications on subsiding coastal baldcypress swamps in the Barataria Preserve unit of the Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana Barataria Preserve", and to Jiang Ming from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871049, 40830535). Our thanks to members of the staff of Jean Lafitte NHP&P for logistical support, including David Muth, and Nancy Walters. Also, thanks to many volunteers and staff of the U.S. Geological Survey including Evelyn Anemaet, John David, Matt Ripley, Kari Foster, and Dasa Bastlova. Darren Johnson, statistician at the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center gave statistical advice. Roy Dokka and his staff at the Louisiana State University Center for Informatics gave critical assistance for the elevation measurements with CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) equipment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 735 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0189-0 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843TH UT WOS:000296695000010 ER PT J AU Wenger, SJ Isaak, DJ Dunham, JB Fausch, KD Luce, CH Neville, HM Rieman, BE Young, MK Nagel, DE Horan, DL Chandler, GL AF Wenger, Seth J. Isaak, Daniel J. Dunham, Jason B. Fausch, Kurt D. Luce, Charles H. Neville, Helen M. Rieman, Bruce E. Young, Michael K. Nagel, David E. Horan, Dona L. Chandler, Gwynne L. TI Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA (vol 68, pg 988, 2011) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Wenger, Seth J.; Neville, Helen M.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.; Nagel, David E.; Horan, Dona L.; Chandler, Gwynne L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wenger, SJ (reprint author), Trout Unltd, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM swenger@tu.org RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1510 DI 10.1139/F2011-102 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 835JX UT WOS:000296033800018 ER PT J AU Jarnevich, CS Evangelista, P Stohlgren, TJ Morisette, J AF Jarnevich, Catherine S. Evangelista, Paul Stohlgren, Thomas J. Morisette, Jeffery TI IMPROVING NATIONAL-SCALE INVASION MAPS: TAMARISK IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HABITAT-SUITABILITY; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; MODELS; SPP.; USA; DISTRIBUTIONS; RAMOSISSIMA; PREDICTION AB New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of Tamarix, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of Tamarix distributions has grown significantly. Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, and the maximum entropy (Maxent) model, we have revised our potential Tamarix distribution map for the western United States. Distance-to-water was the strongest predictor in the model (58.1%), while mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the second best predictor (18.4%). Model validation, averaged from 25 model iterations, indicated that our analysis had strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.93) and that the extent of Tamarix distributions is much greater than previously thought. The southwestern United States had the greatest suitable habitat, and this result differed from the 2006 model. Our work highlights the utility of iterative modeling for invasive species habitat modeling as new information becomes available. C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffery] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Evangelista, Paul] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2011 VL 71 IS 2 BP 164 EP 175 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 824LR UT WOS:000295203900004 ER PT J AU Jakob, EM Porter, AH Ginsberg, H Bednarski, JV Houser, J AF Jakob, Elizabeth M. Porter, Adam H. Ginsberg, Howard Bednarski, Julie V. Houser, Jeremy TI A 4-year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LINYPHIID SPIDERS; NONNATIVE SPIDERS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLUTCH SIZE; BODY-SIZE; ARANEAE; BEHAVIOR; FRAGMENTATION; DISPLACEMENT; COMPETITION AB Invasive spiders pose potential threats to native spiders. In 2002, the European spider Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) was discovered in all but one county in Maine. At Acadia National Park, we conducted a 4-year study of L triangularis and three native linyphiid species of a similar size (Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850), Phyohyphantes subarcticus Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943, and Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1842)). Using line-transect surveys, we measured population densities in coastal and forest habitat. The density of L. triangularis varied across years but was always significantly higher on the coast than in the forest. In contrast, only one native species was present on the coast and at very low numbers. Coastal L. triangularis were larger and in better condition than those in the forest, and numbers and biomass of insect prey were also higher on the coast. In 2 years, we also conducted transects at a second coastal location in Maine where the invader was at low density. At that site, native densities were substantially higher than at either Acadia site. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that L. triangularis is reducing populations of native spiders. Companion studies suggest that L. triangularis negatively impacts natives by usurping both web sites and webs. C1 [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Porter, Adam H.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ginsberg, Howard] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Bednarski, Julie V.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Houser, Jeremy] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Neurosci & Behav, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank the Acadia National Park rangers, especially David Manski, Bruce Connery, Ed Pontbriand, and Bill Weidner for assistance throughout this project and for permission to work in the park. Michelle Bierman, Jim McKenna, and staff of the Schoodic Education and Research Center provided crucial logistical support and comfortable lodging. Daniel Jennings graciously identified many spiders and was first to notice that coastal spiders were larger than forest spiders. This research was made possible by a grant from the National Park Service and the US Geological Survey awarded to E. Jakob, J. Houser, and D. Jennings. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Theodore Stankowich, Ethan Clotfelter, Renae Brodie, Skye Long, and Jamie Richmond offered valuable criticism of earlier drafts. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 8 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1139/Z11-050 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 826XZ UT WOS:000295390200003 ER PT J AU Mills, CT Morrison, JM Goldhaber, MB Ellefsen, KJ AF Mills, Christopher T. Morrison, Jean M. Goldhaber, Martin B. Ellefsen, Karl J. TI Chromium(VI) generation in vadose zone soils and alluvial sediments of the southwestern Sacramento Valley, California: A potential source of geogenic Cr(VI) to groundwater SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT ASSOCIATIONS; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; ULTRAMAFIC SOILS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MANGANESE OXIDES; MN-OXIDES; REDUCTION; OXIDATION AB Concentrations of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater that exceed the World Health Organization's maximum contaminant level for drinking water (50 mg L(-1)) occur in several locations globally. The major mechanism for mobilization of this Cr(VI) at these sites is the weathering of Cr(III) from ultramafic rocks and its subsequent oxidation on Mn oxides. This process may be occurring in the southern Sacramento Valley of California where Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater can approach or exceed 50 ug L(-1). To characterize Cr geochemistry in the area, samples from several soil auger cores (approximately 4 m deep) and drill cores (approximately 25 m deep) were analyzed for total concentrations of 44 major, minor and trace elements, Cr associated with labile Mn and Fe oxides, and Cr(VI). Total concentrations of Cr in these samples ranged from 140 to 2220 mg per kg soil. Between 9 and 70 mg per kg soil was released by selective extractions that target Fe oxides, but essentially no Cr was associated with the abundant reactive Mn oxides (up to 1000 mg hydroxylamine-reducible Mn per kg soil was present). Both borehole magnetic susceptibility surveys performed at some of the drill core sites and relative differences between Cr released in a 4-acid digestion versus total Cr (lithium metaborate fusion digestion) suggest that the majority of total Cr in the samples is present in refractory chromite minerals transported from ultramafic exposures in the Coast Range Mountains. Chromium(VI) in the samples studied ranged from 0 to 42 mu g kg(-1), representing a minute fraction of total Cr. Chromium(VI) content was typically below detection in surface soils (top 10 cm) where soil organic matter was high, and increased with increasing depth in the soil auger cores as organic matter decreased. Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) were up to 3 times greater in the deeper drill core samples than the shallow auger cores. Although Cr(VI) in these vadose zone soils and sediments was only a very small fraction of the total solid phase Cr, they are a potentially important source for Cr(VI) to groundwater. Enhanced groundwater recharge through the vadose zone due to irrigation could carry Cr(VI) from the vadose zone to the groundwater and may be the mechanism responsible for the correlation observed between elevated Cr(VI) and NO concentrations in previously published data for valley groundwaters. Incubation of a valley subsoil showed a Cr(VI) production rate of 24 mu g kg(-1) a(-1) suggesting that field Cr(VI) concentrations could be regenerated annually. Increased Cr(VI) production rates in Htamended soil incubations indicate that soil acidification processes such as nitrification of ammonium in fertilizers could potentially increase the occurrence of geogenic Cr(VI) in groundwater. Thus, despite the natural origin of the Cr, Cr(VI) generation in the Sacramento Valley soils and sediments has the potential to be influenced by human activities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mills, Christopher T.; Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mills, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmills@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by a US Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship to CTM. We thank Sue Fields and Andrew Fulks (University of California, Davis), Yolo County Parks Department, and anonymous landowners for providing access to sampling sites and samples; Chuck Frey (Brown and Caldwell) for assistance with geophysical logging of boreholes; JoAnn Holloway, Todd Hoefen and Monique Adams (USGS) for assistance with field collections and laboratory analyses; Rich Wanty and John Izbicki (USGS) for insightful comments on previous versions of this manuscript; Clemens Reimann for editorial handling and two anonymous reviewers for comments which substantially improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1488 EP 1501 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.05.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820CN UT WOS:000294883200019 ER PT J AU Briggs, CW Collopy, MW Woodbridge, B AF Briggs, Christopher W. Collopy, Michael W. Woodbridge, Brian TI REPRODUCTION VERSUS RECRUITMENT OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS IN THE BUTTE VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Buteo swainsoni,fitness; lifetime reproductive success; recruitment; reproduction; Swainson's Hawk ID FLEDGING SUCCESS; ARGENTINA; FITNESS; INDEX; GREAT; DATE; MASS; AGE AB Measures of reproductive success have long been assumed to be reasonable surrogates of fitness. We examined reproductive success and recruitment at the individual and population levels in Swainson's Hawks breeding in northern California. At the population level, we investigated whether the number of individuals subsequently recruited could be predicted by the number of offspring produced in any given year, finding no evidence of differences in probability of recruitment by cohort or year. Instead, age of recruits was the best predictor of probability of their being recruited into the local breeding population. At the individual level, we used generalized linear models to examine the correlation between lifetime reproductive success of individual females and the number of their offspring recruited. For individuals, the number of fledglings produced was significantly correlated with both the number of those offspring and of grandchildren recruited into the breeding population. We also examined the relationship between the average annual reproduction of an individual and the number of offspring recruited, finding these significantly correlated. The relationship was not linear: individuals producing moderate numbers of fledglings, on average, yielded the highest numbers of recruits, reflecting a trade-off between adult survival and reproduction. These results provide evidence that monitoring of reproductive success of individuals or a population can give reasonable indices of future recruitment if the study is continued for a long period. But individuals with the highest average rate of reproduction may not be the most fit. C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM chriswbriggs@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2011 VL 113 IS 3 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100174 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818ZZ UT WOS:000294796500009 ER PT J AU Paxton, EH Unitt, P Sogge, MK Whitfield, M Keim, P AF Paxton, Eben H. Unitt, Philip Sogge, Mark K. Whitfield, Mary Keim, Paul TI WINTER DISTRIBUTION OF WILLOW FLYCATCHER SUBSPECIES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Empidonax traillii extimus; migratory connectivity; mixed-stock analysis; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; winter distribution ID WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; MIGRATION PATTERNS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GENETIC-MARKERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; COSTA-RICA; TRACKING; SONGBIRD; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES AB Documenting how different regions across a species' breeding and nonbreeding range are linked via migratory movements is the first step in understanding how events in one region can influence events in others and is critical to identifying conservation threats throughout a migratory animal's annual cycle. We combined two studies that evaluated migratory connectivity in the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), one using mitochondria! DNA sequences from 172 flycatchers sampled throughout their winter range, and another which examined morphological characteristics of 68 museum specimens collected in the winter range. Our results indicate that the four subspecies occupy distinct but overlapping regions of the winter range. Connectivity between specific breeding and winter grounds appears to be moderate to strong, with distributions that suggest migration patterns of both the chain and leap-frog types connecting the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. The Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica appear to be a key winter location for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (E. t. extimus), although other countries in Central America may also be important for the subspecies. C1 [Paxton, Eben H.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Paxton, Eben H.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Unitt, Philip] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Whitfield, Mary] So Sierra Res Stn, Weldon, CA 93283 USA. RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM eben_paxton@usgs.gov RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southern Sierra Research Station; Bureau of Reclamation FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Southern Sierra Research Station, and the Bureau of Reclamation. We are indebted to the many field biologists who assisted in field efforts, and Jessica Girard helped with DNA sequencing. Thank you to Ben Bolker for assistance in running the mixed-stock analysis and to Karen Messer for assistance with the analysis of the specimens. Kristina Paxton and Tad Theimer provided critical reviews of early drafts. Thank you to the authorities of the museums that lent specimens: American Museum of Natural History, New York; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver; Delaware Museum of Natural History, Wilmington; Field Museum, Chicago; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles; Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge; Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; University of Alaska, Fairbanks; University of Arizona, Tucson; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville; Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC; Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle; Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology, Camarillo, California. The use of product trade names in this paper does not constitute product endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2011 VL 113 IS 3 BP 608 EP 618 DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090200 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 818ZZ UT WOS:000294796500016 ER PT J AU Conn, JS Werdin-Pfisterer, NR Beattie, KL Densmore, RV AF Conn, Jeffery S. Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R. Beattie, Katherine L. Densmore, Roseann V. TI Ecology of Invasive Melilotus albus on Alaskan Glacial River Floodplains SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 7 LEGUME CROPS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; TANANA RIVER; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FIXATION; BAY; INTERIOR AB Melilotus albus (white sweetclover) has invaded Alaskan glacial river floodplains. We measured cover and density of plant species and environmental variables along transects perpendicular to the Nenana, Matanuska, and Stikine Rivers to study interactions between M. albus and other plant species and to characterize the environment where it establishes. Melilotus albus was a pioneer species on recently disturbed sites and did not persist into closed canopy forests. The relationships between M. albus cover and density and other species were site-specific. Melilotus albus was negatively correlated with native species Elaeagnus commutata at the Nenana River, but not at the Matanuska River. Melilotus albus was positively correlated with the exotic species Crepis tectorum and Taraxacum officinale at the Matanuska River and T. officinale on the upper Stikine River. However, the high density of M. albus at a lower Stikine River site was negatively correlated with T. officinale and several native species including Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus and Salix alaxensis. Glacial river floodplains in Alaska are highly disturbed and are corridors for exotic plant species movement. Melilotus albus at moderate to low densities may facilitate establishment of exotic species, but at high densities can reduce the cover and density of both exotic and native species. C1 [Conn, Jeffery S.; Werdin-Pfisterer, Nancy R.; Beattie, Katherine L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Densmore, Roseann V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Conn, JS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 360 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jeff.conn@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.343 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 812UN UT WOS:000294318500003 ER PT J AU Wobus, C Anderson, R Overeem, I Matell, N Clow, G Urban, F AF Wobus, Cameron Anderson, Robert Overeem, Irina Matell, Nora Clow, Gary Urban, Frank TI Thermal Erosion of a Permafrost Coastline: Improving Process-Based Models Using Time-Lapse Photography SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; STORM SURGES; ALASKA; REGION AB Coastal erosion rates locally exceeding 30 m y(-1) been documented along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coastline, and a number of studies suggest that these erosion rates have accelerated as a result of climate change. However, a lack of direct observational evidence has limited our progress in quantifying the specific processes that connect climate change to coastal erosion rates in the Arctic. In particular, while longer ice-free periods are likely to lead to both warmer surface waters and longer fetch, the relative roles of thermal and mechanical (wave) erosion in driving coastal retreat have not been comprehensively quantified. We focus on a permafrost coastline in the northern National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), where coastal erosion rates have averaged 10-15 m y(-1) over two years of direct monitoring. We take advantage of these extraordinary rates of coastal erosion to observe and quantify coastal erosion directly via time-lapse photography in combination with meteorological observations. Our observations indicate that the erosion of these bluffs is largely thermally driven, but that surface winds play a crucial role in exposing the frozen bluffs to the radiatively warmed seawater that drives melting of interstitial ice. To first order, erosion in this setting can be modeled using formulations developed to describe iceberg deterioration in the open ocean. These simple models provide a conceptual framework for evaluating how climate-induced changes in thermal and wave energy might influence future erosion rates in this setting. C1 [Wobus, Cameron] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert; Overeem, Irina] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Robert; Matell, Nora] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clow, Gary; Urban, Frank] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wobus, C (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM cameron.wobus@colorado.edu OI Wobus, Cameron/0000-0002-9654-1738 FU Office of Naval Research [1543943] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) under grant number 1543943. This work reflects close cooperation between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and academic researchers (University of Colorado at Boulder; Naval Postgraduate School). We acknowledge logistical support from CH2MHill Polar Services, from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and from Ben Jones at USGS in Alaska. We thank Robert Brower and Eben Brower, our faithful bear guards, for their companionship and sharing of local knowledge of the Drew Point coastline. We thank Glenn Dunmire of Siku Construction for his assistance during our fieldwork in 2009. We also thank our reviewers for suggestions that improved this paper. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 474 EP 484 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.474 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 812UN UT WOS:000294318500016 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Faulk, SP Mosher, J Baines, KH Brown, RH Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Buratti, B. J. Faulk, S. P. Mosher, J. Baines, K. H. Brown, R. H. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. TI Search for and limits on plume activity on Mimas, Tethys, and Dione with the Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, Satellites; Satellites, Surfaces; Geological processes ID WATER-VAPOR; SATURNIAN SATELLITES; ISS IMAGES; ENCELADUS; PHOTOMETRY; RHEA; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; JETS; RING AB Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations of Mimas, Tethys, and Dione obtained during the nominal and extended missions at large solar phase angles were analyzed to search for plume activity. No forward scattered peaks in the solar phase curves of these satellites were detected. The upper limit on water vapor production for Mimas and Tethys is one order of magnitude less than the production for Enceladus. For Dione, the upper limit is two orders of magnitude less, suggesting this world is as inert as Rhea (Pitman, KM., Buratti, B.J., Mosher, J.A., Bauer, J.M., Momary, T., Brown, R.H., Nicholson, P.O.. Hedman, M.M. [2008]. Astrophys. J. Lett. 680, L65-L68). Although the plumes are best seen at similar to 2.0 mu m, Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) Narrow Angle Camera images obtained at the same time as the VIMS data were also inspected for these features. None of the Cassini ISS images shows evidence for plumes. The absence of evidence for any Enceladus-like plumes on the medium-sized saturnian satellites cannot absolutely rule out current geologic activity. The activity may below our threshold of detection, or it may be occurring but not captured on the handful of observations at large solar phase angles obtained for each moon. Many VIMS and ISS images of Enceladus at large solar phase angles, for example, do not contain plumes, as the active "tiger stripes" in the south pole region are pointed away from the spacecraft at these times. The 7-year Cassini Solstice Mission is scheduled to gather additional measurements at large solar phase angles that are capable of revealing activity on the saturnian moons. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Mosher, J.; Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Faulk, S. P.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. EM Bonnie.Buratti@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Cassini project; Cassini Data Analysis Program FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and was sponsored by NASA'S Undergraduate Student Research Program, the Cassini project, and the Cassini Data Analysis Program. We thank David Blackburn, Joseph Spitale, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful conversations and reviews. Copyright 2011 all rights reserved. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2011 VL 214 IS 2 BP 534 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.030 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811HM UT WOS:000294197500013 ER PT J AU Ciarniello, M Capaccioni, F Filacchione, G Clark, RN Cruikshank, DP Cerroni, P Coradini, A Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Tosi, F Stephan, K AF Ciarniello, M. Capaccioni, F. Filacchione, G. Clark, R. N. Cruikshank, D. P. Cerroni, P. Coradini, A. Brown, R. H. Buratti, B. J. Tosi, F. Stephan, K. TI Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, Satellites; Spectrophotometry; Ices; Radiative transfer; Satellites, Surfaces ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ICY SATELLITES; MU-M; COHERENT BACKSCATTER; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; GALILEAN SATELLITES; ALBEDO DICHOTOMY AB The surface properties of the icy bodies in the saturnian system have been investigated by means of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager which operates in the 0.35-5.1 mu m wavelength range. In particular, we have analyzed 111 full disk hyperspectral images of Rhea ranging in solar phase between 0.08 degrees and 109.8 degrees. These data have been previously analyzed by Filacchione et al. (Filacchione, G. et al. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259-290; Filacchione, G. et al. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507-523) to study, adopting various "spectral indicators" (such as spectral slopes, band depth, and continuum level), the relations among various saturnian satellites. As a further step we proceed in this paper to a quantitative evaluation of the physical parameters determining the spectrophotometric properties of Rhea's surface. To do this we have applied Hapke (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Topics in Remote Sensing: 3. Springer, Berlin) IMSA model (Isotropic Multiple Scattering Approximation) which allow us to model the phase function at VIS-IR (visible-infrared) wavelengths as well as the spectra taking into account various types of mixtures of surface materials. Thanks to this method we have been able to constrain the size of water ice particles covering the surface, the amount of organic contaminants, the large scale surface roughness and the opposition effect surge. From our analysis it appears that wavelength dependent parameters, e.g. opposition surge width (h) and single-particle phase function parameters (b, v), are strongly correlated to the estimated single-scattering albedo of particles. For Rhea the best fit solution is obtained by assuming: (1) an intraparticle mixture of crystalline water ice and a small amount (0.4%) of Triton tholin; (2) a monodisperse grain size distribution having a particle diameter a(m) = 38 mu m; and (3) a surface roughness parameter value of 33 degrees. The study of phase function shows that both shadow hiding and coherent backscattering contribute to the opposition surge. This study represents the first attempt, in the case of Rhea, to join the spectral and the photometric analysis. The surface model we derived gives a good quantitative description of both spectrum and phase curve of the satellite. The same approach and model, with appropriate modifications, shall be applied to VIMS data of the other icy satellites of Saturn, in order to reveal similarities and differences in the surface characteristics to understand how these bodies interact with their environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciarniello, M.; Capaccioni, F.; Filacchione, G.; Cerroni, P.] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Coradini, A.; Tosi, F.] INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stephan, K.] DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, Berlin, Germany. RP Ciarniello, M (reprint author), INAF IASF, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM mauro.ciarniello@iasf-roma.inaf.it OI Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434 FU Italian Space Agency FX The authors M.C., F.C., G.F., P.C., A.C. and F.T. acknowledge support from an Italian Space Agency grant. The authors wish to thank the referees for their constructive comments. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2011 VL 214 IS 2 BP 541 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811HM UT WOS:000294197500014 ER PT J AU Cartwright, R Clayton, JA Kirk, RL AF Cartwright, Richard Clayton, Jordan A. Kirk, Randolph L. TI Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Satellites, Surfaces; Tectonics; Geological processes; Earth ID SATURNS MOON TITAN; RIVER INCISION; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; DRAINAGE PATTERNS; MOUNTAIN-RANGES; METHANE CYCLE; CASSINI RADAR; SURFACE; EROSION; BEDROCK AB Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (R(b)) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have R(b) values greater than the expected range (3.0-5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with R(b) values determined for Titan basins, in conjunction with similarities in network patterns, suggest that portions of Titan's north polar region are modified by tectonic forces. Sufficient elevation data existed to calculate bed slope and potential fluvial sediment transport rates in at least one Titan basin, indicating that 75 mm water ice grains (observed at the Huygens landing site) should be readily entrained given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Volumetric sediment transport estimates suggest that similar to 6700-10,000 Titan years (similar to 2.0-3.0 x 10(5) Earth years) are required to erode this basin to its minimum relief (assuming constant 1 m and 1.5 m flows); these lowering rates increase to similar to 27,000-41,000 Titan years (similar to 8.0-12.0 x 10(5) Earth years) when flows in the north polar region are restricted to summer months. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cartwright, Richard] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Clayton, Jordan A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Div, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cartwright, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rjcartwright01@gmail.com NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2011 VL 214 IS 2 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811HM UT WOS:000294197500016 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Yao, FM Liu, C Yang, LM Boken, VK AF Zhang, Jia-Hua Yao, Feng-Mei Liu, Cheng Yang, Li-Min Boken, Vijendra K. TI Detection, Emission Estimation and Risk Prediction of Forest Fires in China Using Satellite Sensors and Simulation Models in the Past Three Decades-An Overview SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE forest fire detection; fire emission estimation; forest fire risk model; satellite remote sensing; China ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPOT-VEGETATION; CARBON STORAGE; NORTHERN CHINA; SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; BURN SEVERITY; WATER-CONTENT AB Forest fires have major impact on ecosystems and greatly impact the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This paper presents an overview in the forest fire detection, emission estimation, and fire risk prediction in China using satellite imagery, climate data, and various simulation models over the past three decades. Since the 1980s, remotely-sensed data acquired by many satellites, such as NOAA/AVHRR, FY-series, MODIS, CBERS, and ENVISAT, have been widely utilized for detecting forest fire hot spots and burned areas in China. Some developed algorithms have been utilized for detecting the forest fire hot spots at a sub-pixel level. With respect to modeling the forest burning emission, a remote sensing data-driven Net Primary productivity (NPP) estimation model was developed for estimating forest biomass and fuel. In order to improve the forest fire risk modeling in China, real-time meteorological data, such as surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, have been used as the model input for improving prediction of forest fire occurrence and its behavior. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) and near infrared (NIR) channels of satellite sensors have been employed for detecting live fuel moisture content (FMC), and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used for evaluating the forest vegetation condition and its moisture status. C1 [Zhang, Jia-Hua] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jia-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Yao, Feng-Mei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Liu, Cheng] Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Li-Min] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boken, Vijendra K.] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhangjh@cams.cma.gov.cn; yaofm@gucas.ac.cn; liucheng@nsmc.cma.gov.cn; Lyang0117@yahoo.com; bokenv1@unk.edu FU Global Change Global Research Key Project of National Science Plan [2010CB951302]; Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project [GYHY201106027] FX We thank four reviewers for their valuable suggestions that greatly improved this article. This work was supported jointly by Global Change Global Research Key Project of National Science Plan (Grant. No. 2010CB951302), the Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project (Grant No. GYHY201106027). The authors acknowledge the helps of our colleagues from the National Satellite Meteorological Center for the discussion of the forest fire detection and prediction. NR 119 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD AUG PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3156 EP 3178 DI 10.3390/ijerph8083156 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 811WP UT WOS:000294248600006 PM 21909297 ER PT J AU Starliper, CE Powell, J Garner, JT Schill, WB AF Starliper, Clifford E. Powell, Jeff Garner, Jeffrey T. Schill, William B. TI PREDOMINANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MORIBUND FUSCONAIA EBENA EBONYSHELLS EXPERIENCING DIE-OFFS IN PICKWICK RESERVOIR, TENNESSEE RIVER, ALABAMA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; die-off; moribund; disease; bacteria ID FRESH-WATER BIVALVES; SP-NOV.; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MUSSELS; MOLLUSKS; IDENTIFICATION; TAXONOMY; FISH AB Mussel die-offs have been noted in recent years in Pickwick Reservoir, Tennessee River, Alabama. The primary affected species was Fusconaia ebena, but also affected to lesser degrees were Ellipsaria lineolata, Quadrula pustulosa, and Quadrula quadrula. These events were characterized by large numbers of empty shells fresh-dead and live individuals that were presumed to be diseased because of weak and slow valve closure responses to external stimuli. Anecdotal evidence suggested the possible involvement of an etiological agent, such as a bacterial pathogen. The die-offs have occurred in Pickwick Reservoir (river miles 236-256) in sequential years during the past approximately 10 y. These timeframes have coincided with reduced basin inflows and warmer water temperatures. The majority of the moribund and freshly dead F ebena were females possibly predisposed to infection and disease from ongoing reproductive activity. Affected and healthy-cohort mussels were collected to characterize the bacterial flora prior to, during, and after a July 2006 die-off, and during a subsequent die-off in September 2008. The numbers of total bacteria from both the 2006 and 2008 die-offs were significantly greater from the diseased specimens. For example, from the September 2008 die-off, the mean count from diseased F. ebena soft tissues was 9.75 X 10(6) cfu/g, which was more than 100 times greater (P = 0.025) than the mean from healthy cohorts (6.74 X 10(4) cfu/g). The predominant bacteria from affected F. ebena from July 2006 were Hafnia alvei and Aeromonas sobria, whereas from September 2008 the predominant bacteria were Enterobacter spp., Aeromonas schubertii, Aeromonas veronii by. veronii, and Aeromonas veronii by. sobria. C1 [Starliper, Clifford E.; Schill, William B.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Powell, Jeff] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alabama Ecol Serv Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. [Garner, Jeffrey T.] Alabama Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Florence, AL 36533 USA. RP Starliper, CE (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cstarliper@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.2983/035.030.0223 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200023 ER PT J AU Breitburg, D Hondorp, D Audemard, C Carnegie, R Burrell, R Clark, V AF Breitburg, Denise Hondorp, Darryl Audemard, Corinne Carnegie, Ryan Burrell, Rebecca Clark, Virginia TI BREATHLESS NIGHTS: DIEL-CYCLING HYPOXIA AND THE PREVALENCE OF PERKINSUS MARINUS (DERMO) INFECTIONS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY OYSTERS. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Breitburg, Denise; Burrell, Rebecca; Clark, Virginia] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20678 USA. [Hondorp, Darryl] USGS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Audemard, Corinne; Carnegie, Ryan] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 488 EP 488 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200055 ER PT J AU Soniat, TM Abdelguerfi, M Powell, EN Klinck, JM Hofmann, EE Tu, S Quddoura, F Dahal, J Danos, P Korepuri, S Eberline, BS La Peyre, JF La Peyre, MK Ibos, KB Banks, P AF Soniat, Thomas M. Abdelguerfi, Mandi Powell, Eric N. Klinck, John M. Hofmann, Eileen E. Tu, Shengru Quddoura, Famed Dahal, Janak Danos, Paul Korepuri, Shashikiran Eberline, Benjamin S. La Peyre, Jerome F. La Peyre, Megan K. Ibos, Keith B. Banks, Patrick TI IS HARVEST FROM THE LOUISIANA STATE PRIMARY SEED GROUNDS SUSTAINABLE? WHAT NUMERICAL MODELING MIGHT RESOLVE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Soniat, Thomas M.; Abdelguerfi, Mandi; Tu, Shengru; Quddoura, Famed; Dahal, Janak; Danos, Paul; Korepuri, Shashikiran] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Powell, Eric N.] Rutgers State Univ, Bivalve, NJ 08349 USA. [Klinck, John M.; Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Eberline, Benjamin S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Jerome F.] Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ibos, Keith B.; Banks, Patrick] Marine Fisheries Div, New Orleans, LA 70122 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 554 EP 554 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200279 ER PT J AU Briggs, CW Woodbridge, B Collopy, MW AF Briggs, Christopher W. Woodbridge, Brian Collopy, Michael W. TI Correlates of Survival in Swainson's Hawks Breeding in Northern California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Buteo swainsoni; reproduction; survival; Swainson's hawk; trade-off ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ARGENTINA; MORTALITY; SENESCENCE; HABITAT; KESTREL; BIRDS AB We used a 30-year study of breeding Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) in northern California to examine correlates of adult apparent survival using multistate models in Program MARK. Specifically, we examined age-related patterns in adult apparent survival and how adult survival was correlated with average annual nest productivity, annual reproductive output, western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) density around nest sites, distance to agriculture, and amount of agriculture within a territory. Annual estimates of adult survival varied from 0.85 to 0.9 (SE = 0.02). There were no indications of senescence or other patterns of age-related changes in adult apparent survival. Adult survival was inversely correlated with average reproductive output, with individuals producing >2 offspring having decreased survival, reflecting a possible trade-off between reproduction and survival. Conversely, reproduction in any year was positively correlated with survival, providing evidence of individual quality influencing adult survival. The distance an individual had to travel to agriculture, where most individuals forage, was negatively related to survival. Primary productivity within the average Swainson's hawk territory was positively correlated with adult survival. Our results indicate that individuals may have higher survival and fitness in areas with high proportions of irrigated agriculture that provides high prey densities, particularly alfalfa. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96058 USA. [Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM chriswbriggs@yahoo.com FU The United States Forest Service; California Department of Fish and Game; University of Nevada (UNR) FX We thank the dozens of technicians who have assisted with data collection over the 30 years of the study. We also thank the landowners of our study area, without whose support this study would not be possible. Particularly, we thank Prather Ranch and DonLo Ranch LP for access and guidance. The United States Forest Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and University of Nevada (UNR), Reno Graduate Student Association and Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology (EECB) program provided financial and logistical support. Finally, the UNR EECB peer review group, J. S. Sedinger, K. Titus, and one anonymous reviewer provided valuable feedback and comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1002/jwmg.167 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100006 ER PT J AU Randall, LA Diehl, RH Wilson, BC Barrow, WC Jeske, CW AF Randall, Lori A. Diehl, Robert H. Wilson, Barry C. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. Jeske, Clinton W. TI Potential Use of Weather Radar to Study Movements of Wintering Waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE foraging flight; ground-truth; Louisiana; NEXRAD; waterfowl; weather radar; winter ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; BIRD MOVEMENTS; WSR-88D; QUANTIFICATION; MIGRATION; PATTERNS; DISPLAY AB To protect and restore wintering waterfowl habitat, managers require knowledge of routine wintering waterfowl movements and habitat use. During preliminary screening of Doppler weather radar data we observed biological movements consistent with routine foraging flights of wintering waterfowl known to occur near Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Louisiana. During the winters of 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, we conducted field surveys to identify the source of the radar echoes emanating from Lacassine NWR. We compared field data to weather radar reflectivity data. Spatial and temporal patterns consistent with foraging flight movements appeared in weather radar data on all dates of field surveys. Dabbling ducks were the dominant taxa flying within the radar beam during the foraging flight period. Using linear regression, we found a positive log-linear relationship between average radar reflectivity (Z) and number of birds detected over the study area (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.62, n = 40). Ground observations and the statistically significant relationship between radar data and field data confirm that Doppler weather radar recorded the foraging flights of dabbling ducks. Weather radars may be effective tools for wintering waterfowl management because they provide broad-scale views of both diurnal and nocturnal movements. In addition, an extensive data archive enables the study of wintering waterfowl response to habitat loss, agricultural practices, wetland restoration, and other research questions that require multiple years of data. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Randall, Lori A.; Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Jeske, Clinton W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wilson, Barry C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Randall, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM randalll@usgs.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf Coast Joint Venture FX We thank J. Buler for helpful discussions about the analyses and manuscript, D. Johnson for statistical assistance, and D. Haukos for comments on an initial draft of the manuscript. We also thank the staff of Lacassine NWR for providing access to the refuge. Our research was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf Coast Joint Venture. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1324 EP 1329 DI 10.1002/jwmg.173 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100008 ER PT J AU Ruth, TK Haroldson, MA Murphy, KM Buotte, PC Hornocker, MG Quigley, HB AF Ruth, Toni K. Haroldson, Mark A. Murphy, Kerry M. Buotte, Polly C. Hornocker, Maurice G. Quigley, Howard B. TI Cougar Survival and Source-Sink Structure on Greater Yellowstone's Northern Range SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cougar; infanticide; elevation; Greater Yellowstone Northern Range; Program MARK; Puma concolor; road density; source-sink dynamics; survival; wolf ID NATIONAL-PARK; MOUNTAIN LIONS; GRIZZLY BEARS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; HUNTED POPULATION; PUMA-CONCOLOR; GRAY WOLVES; HABITAT; WOLF; ELK AB We studied survival and causes of mortality of radiocollared cougars (Puma concolor) on the Greater Yellowstone Northern Range (GYNR) prior to (1987-1994) and after wolf (Canis lupus) reintroduction (1998-2005) and evaluated temporal, spatial, and environmental factors that explain variation in adult, subadult, and kitten survival. Using Program MARK and multimodel inference, we modeled cougar survival based on demographic status, season, and landscape attributes. Our best models for adult and independent subadults indicated that females survived better than males and survival increased with age until cougars reached older ages. Lower elevations and increasing density of roads, particularly in areas open to cougar hunting north of Yellowstone National Park (YNP), increased mortality risks for cougars on the GYNR. Indices of ungulate biomass, cougar and wolf population size, winter severity, rainfall, and individual characteristics such as the presence of dependent young, age class, and use of Park or Wilderness were not important predictors of survival. Kitten survival increased with age, was lower during winter, increased with increasing minimum estimates of elk calf biomass, and increased with increasing density of adult male cougars. Using our best model, we mapped adult cougar survival on the GYNR landscape. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a good model fit for both female (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.70-0.92, n = 35 locations) and male cougars (AUC = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.94, n 49 locations) relative to hunter harvest locations in our study area. Using minimum estimates of survival necessary to sustain the study population, we developed a source-sink surface and we identify several measures that resource management agencies can take to enhance cougar population management based on a source-sink strategy. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ruth, Toni K.; Buotte, Polly C.; Hornocker, Maurice G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Murphy, Kerry M.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Quigley, Howard B.] Craighead Beringia S, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. [Quigley, Howard B.] Panthera, Bozeman, MT 59719 USA. RP Ruth, TK (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, 301 N Wilson Ave, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM truth@centurytel.net FU Argosy Foundation; Chase Wildlife Foundation; John and Kathryn Harris, Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation; Michael Kline Foundation; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; United States Geological Survey (USGS); Wildlife Conservation Society; YNP; National Park Service; MDFWP; United States Forest Service FX Funding was provided by the Argosy Foundation, Chase Wildlife Foundation, John and Kathryn Harris, Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation, Michael Kline Foundation, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Summerlee Foundation, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team Partners, Wildlife Conservation Society, and YNP. R. Stradley, S. Monger, B. Chapman, and D. Chapman provided valuable flying service. We thank houndsmen G. Hedrick, R. Cooper, W. Craddock, B. Shultz, and particularly T. R. Knuchel for assistance with reliable and safe captures. Numerous field assistants contributed to the project, most notably J. Cole, G. Felzien, T. Fredrickson, B. Holmes, M. Johnson, M. Maples, J. Newby, S. Relyea, M. Sawaya, E. Shanahan, D. Stahler, J. Tischendorf, and C. Whitman. W. Brewster, C. Hendrix, G. Plumb, and J. Varley, YNP, provided administrative oversight and facilitated National Park Service funding. We thank MDFWP, United States Forest Service, and YNP for support of our study. In particular, D. W. Smith, YNP Wolf Project Coordinator, was a valuable collaborator and provided data on wolf use and density. We thank C. Schwartz and L. Ladenburger with the USGS Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team for spatial layers for the GYE and valuable input throughout the analysis and writing process. We thank P. C. Hernandez and A. J. Hansen for providing coverages of rural residential homes. We appreciate preliminary reviews of the draft manuscript provided by C. R. Anderson, Jr. and H. S. Cooley as part of the USGS Fundamental Sciences Practices requirement. We thank K. A. Logan, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor M. Gompper for assistance in the review process. All suggestions and editorial comments improved the quality of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 93 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1381 EP 1398 DI 10.1002/jwmg.190 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100013 ER PT J AU Larsen, RT Bissonette, JA Flinders, JT Robinson, AC AF Larsen, Randy T. Bissonette, John A. Flinders, Jerran T. Robinson, Aaron C. TI Does Small-Perimeter Fencing Inhibit Mule Deer or Pronghorn Use of Water Developments? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE exclosure; guzzler; negative binomial; water development; zero-inflated ID SOUTHERN ARIZONA; SITE SELECTION; BIGHORN SHEEP; DESERT; WILDLIFE; PRODUCTIVITY; HYPOTHESES; PATTERNS; DESIGN; MODELS AB Wildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small-perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small-perimeter exclosures could limit wild ungulate use of fenced water sources, as exclosures present a barrier pronghorn and mule deer must negotiate to gain access to fenced drinking water. To evaluate the hypothesis that exclosures limit wild ungulate access to water sources, we compared use (photo counts) of fenced versus unfenced water sources for both pronghorn and mule deer between June and October 2002-2008 in western Utah. We used model selection to identify an adequate distribution and best approximating model. We selected a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution for both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts. Both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts were positively associated with sampling time and average daily maximum temperature in top models. A fence effect was present in top models for both pronghorn and mule deer, but mule deer response to small-perimeter fencing was much more pronounced than pronghorn response. For mule deer, we estimated that presence of a fence around water developments reduced photo counts by a factor of 0.25. We suggest eliminating fencing of water developments whenever possible or fencing a big enough area around water sources to avoid inhibiting mule deer. More generally, our results provide additional evidence that water development design and placement influence wildlife use. Failure to account for species-specific preferences will limit effectiveness of management actions and could compromise research results. (c) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Larsen, Randy T.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Larsen, Randy T.] ML Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Robinson, Aaron C.] N Dakota Game & Fish Dept, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. RP Larsen, RT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Dept, 407 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM randy_larsen@byu.edu FU Brigham Young University; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Mule Deer Foundation; National Wild Turkey Federation; Nevada Chukar Foundation; Pershing County Chukars Unlimited; Pheasants Forever; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association; Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah State University; Water for Wildlife Foundation FX We thank M. Mills, M. Westover, and R. Edgel for their help with field work. E. Perkins, T. Proctor, members of the Utah Upland Game Advisory Committee and Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation provided many volunteer hours. Brigham Young University, Carson Valley Chukar Club, Mule Deer Foundation, National Wild Turkey Federation, Nevada Chukar Foundation, Pershing County Chukars Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association, Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, and Water for Wildlife Foundation provided financial and logistical support of this research. We thank S. Petersen and T. Smith, for initial review of a draft of this manuscript, and 3 anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Geological Survey of any product or service. The cooperators of the Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit are Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, United States Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute, and United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1425 DI 10.1002/jwmg.163 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100016 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Titus, K Garshelis, DL Peacock, MM Kuc, M AF Peacock, Elizabeth Titus, Kimberly Garshelis, David L. Peacock, Mary M. Kuc, Miroslaw TI Mark-Recapture Using Tetracycline and Genetics Reveal Record-High Bear Density SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Alexander Archipelago; black bear; components of variance; mark-recapture; microsatellites; Southeast Alaska; tetracycline biomarker; Ursus americanus ID AMERICAN BROWN BEARS; BLACK BEAR; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; POPULATION; SIZE; DNA AB We used tetracycline biomarking, augmented with genetic methods to estimate the size of an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population on an island in Southeast Alaska. We marked 132 and 189 bears that consumed remote, tetracycline-laced baits in 2 different years, respectively, and observed 39 marks in 692 bone samples subsequently collected from hunters. We genetically analyzed hair samples from bait sites to determine the sex of marked bears, facilitating derivation of sex-specific population estimates. We obtained harvest samples from beyond the study area to correct for emigration. We estimated a density of 155 independent bears/100 km(2), which is equivalent to the highest recorded for this species. This high density appears to be maintained by abundant, accessible natural food. Our population estimate (approx. 1,000 bears) could be used as a baseline and to set hunting quotas. The refined biomarking method for abundance estimation is a useful alternative where physical captures or DNA-based estimates are precluded by cost or logistics. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth; Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Titus, Kimberly] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov FU ADFG; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; University of Nevada-Reno FX We thank the following field assistants: E. Balmin, N. Barten, R. Borntraeger, J. Brainerd, J. Conaway, A. DeGayner, E. Duerkup, B. Fanson, R. Grant, S. Hampton, P. Hessing, D. Hill, G. Ith, R. Lowell, V. Kirchoff, S. Merten, B. Peacock, B. Porter, D. Reichel, C. Rice, N. Tankersley, Y. Wang, R. Weaver, K. White, B. Wright, M. Wright, and C. VanStratt. Funding and logistics for this project were provided by ADFG and Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration and intramural support to M. Peacock (University of Nevada-Reno). Significant in-kind support from the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (P. Grantham) made the project possible. B. Dinneford, L. Schmidt, B. Minn, L. Chatham, and especially R. Lowell and M. Meucci provided logistic support. D. Person, S. Miller, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study would not have been possible without the cooperation of guides and hunters who submitted samples. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1520 DI 10.1002/jwmg.171 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 806DU UT WOS:000293787100027 ER PT J AU Wald, DJ Jaiswal, KS Marano, KD Bausch, D AF Wald, D. J. Jaiswal, K. S. Marano, K. D. Bausch, D. TI Earthquake Impact Scale SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE PAGER; Impact scale; Earthquake ID CATALOG AB With the advent of the USGS prompt assessment of global earthquakes for response (PAGER) system, which rapidly assesses earthquake impacts, U.S. and international earthquake responders are reconsidering their automatic alert and activation levels and response procedures. To help facilitate rapid and appropriate earthquake response, an Earthquake Impact Scale (EIS) is proposed on the basis of two complementary criteria. On the basis of the estimated cost of damage, one is most suitable for domestic events; the other, on the basis of estimated ranges of fatalities, is generally more appropriate for global events, particularly in developing countries. Simple thresholds, derived from the systematic analysis of past earthquake impact and associated response levels, are quite effective in communicating predicted impact and response needed after an event through alerts of green (little or no impact), yellow (regional impact and response), orange (national-scale impact and response), and red (international response). Corresponding fatality thresholds for yellow, orange, and red alert levels are 1, 100, and 1,000, respectively. For damage impact, yellow, orange, and red thresholds are triggered by estimated losses reaching $1M, $100M, and $1B, respectively. The rationale for a dual approach to earthquake alerting stems from the recognition that relatively high fatalities, injuries, and homelessness predominate in countries in which local building practices typically lend themselves to high collapse and casualty rates, and these impacts lend to prioritization for international response. In contrast, financial and overall societal impacts often trigger the level of response in regions or countries in which prevalent earthquake resistant construction practices greatly reduce building collapse and resulting fatalities. Any newly devised alert, whether economic- or casualty-based, should be intuitive and consistent with established lexicons and procedures. Useful alerts should also be both specific (although allowably uncertain) and actionable. In this analysis, an attempt is made at both simple and intuitive color-coded alerting criteria; yet the necessary uncertainty measures by which one can gauge the likelihood for the alert to be over- or underestimated are preserved. The essence of the proposed impact scale and alerting is that actionable loss information is now available in the immediate aftermath of significant earthquakes worldwide on the basis of quantifiable loss estimates. Utilizing EIS, PAGER's rapid loss estimates can adequately recommend alert levels and suggest appropriate response protocols, despite the uncertainties; demanding or awaiting observations or loss estimates with a high level of accuracy may increase the losses. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000040. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wald, D. J.; Jaiswal, K. S.; Marano, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bausch, D.] FEMA, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wald, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wald@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX We thank Dirk Hollnack of Munich Reinsurance for providing loss data from Munich Re's NatCat Service and Helen Crowley from the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) group for facilitating PAGER/GEM efforts and access to loss data. Discussions with colleagues Helen Crowley, Keith Porter, and Paul Earle contributed significantly to the results presented. Reviews by Mike Blanpied and Ross Stein improved the presentation greatly. PAGER software engineer Mike Hearne must be acknowledged for the success of the underlying PAGER programs and real-time operations. Additional support for the PAGER system and EIS is provided by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000040 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 814DR UT WOS:000294427000003 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Pausas, JG Rundel, PW Bond, WJ Bradstock, RA AF Keeley, Jon E. Pausas, Juli G. Rundel, Philip W. Bond, William J. Bradstock, Ross A. TI Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SEED-GERMINATION; FLAMMABILITY; SMOKE; STRATEGIES; BIODIVERSITY AB Traits, such as resprouting, serotiny and germination by heat and smoke, are adaptive in fire-prone environments. However, plants are not adapted to fire per se but to fire regimes. Species can be threatened when humans alter the regime, often by increasing or decreasing fire frequency. Fire-adaptive traits are potentially the result of different evolutionary pathways. Distinguishing between traits that are adaptations originating in response to fire or exaptations originating in response to other factors might not always be possible. However, fire has been a factor throughout the history of land-plant evolution and is not strictly a Neogene phenomenon. Mesozoic fossils show evidence of fire-adaptive traits and, in some lineages, these might have persisted to the present as fire adaptations. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.; Rundel, Philip W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pausas, Juli G.] Spanish Natl Res Council CIDE CSIC, Ctr Invest Desertificac, Valencia 46113, Spain. [Bond, William J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bradstock, Ross A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Environm Risk Management Bushfires, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008 OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786 FU Spanish Government [CGL2009-12048/BOS] FX JGP acknowledges VIRRA (CGL2009-12048/BOS) support from the Spanish Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 29 TC 198 Z9 201 U1 28 U2 199 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 16 IS 8 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 813VM UT WOS:000294398300002 PM 21571573 ER PT J AU Moseman-Valtierra, S Gonzalez, R Kroeger, KD Tang, JW Chao, WC Crusius, J Bratton, J Green, A Shelton, J AF Moseman-Valtierra, Serena Gonzalez, Rosalinda Kroeger, Kevin D. Tang, Jianwu Chao, Wei Chun Crusius, John Bratton, John Green, Adrian Shelton, James TI Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N2O SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Greenhouse gases; Marsh; Methane; Eutrophication; Plum Island estuary; Global warming potential ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; OXIDE EMISSIONS; SEDIMENTS; CARBON; MARSH; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARY; METHANE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER AB Coastal salt marshes sequester carbon at high rates relative to other ecosystems and emit relatively little methane particularly compared to freshwater wetlands. However, fluxes of all major greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4,and CO2) need to be quantified for accurate assessment of the climatic roles of these ecosystems. Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (via run-off, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater) impact coastal marshes. To test the hypothesis that a pulse of nitrogen loading may increase greenhouse gas emissions from salt marsh sediments, we compared N2O, CH4 and respiratory CO2 fluxes from nitrate-enriched plots in a Spartina patens marsh (receiving single additions of NaNO3 equivalent to 1.4 g N m(-2)) to those from control plots (receiving only artificial seawater solutions) in three short-term experiments (July 2009, April 2010, and June 2010). In July 2009, we also compared N2O and CH4 fluxes in both opaque and transparent chambers to test the influence of light on gas flux measurements. Background fluxes of N2O in July 2009 averaged -33 mu mol N2O m(-2) day(-1). However, within 1 h of nutrient additions, N2O fluxes were significantly greater in plots receiving nitrate additions relative to controls in July 2009. Respiratory rates and CH4 fluxes were not significantly affected. N2O fluxes were significantly higher in dark than in transparent chambers, averaging 108 and 42 mu mol N2O m(-2) day(-1) respectively. After 2 days, when nutrient concentrations returned to background levels, none of the greenhouse gas fluxes differed from controls. In April 2010, N2O and CH4 fluxes were not significantly affected by nitrate, possibly due to higher nitrogen demands by growing S. patens plants, but in June 2010 trends of higher N2O fluxes were again found among nitrate-enriched plots, indicating that responses to nutrient pulses may be strongest during the summer. In terms of carbon equivalents, the highest average N2O and CH4 fluxes observed, exceeded half the magnitude of typical daily net carbon sequestration rates by salt marshes. Thus, anthropogenic additions of nitrate to coasts can substantially alter N2O fluxes from marshes, although substantial temporal variation in these fluxes was observed. To better assess the climatic roles of salt marshes, greenhouse gas emissions need to be studied in the context of chronic nitrogen loads that impact many coastal ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moseman-Valtierra, Serena; Gonzalez, Rosalinda; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Crusius, John; Bratton, John; Green, Adrian] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gonzalez, Rosalinda] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Tang, Jianwu; Chao, Wei Chun; Shelton, James] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shelton, James] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Sci & Math, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Moseman-Valtierra, S (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM mosemans@bc.edu RI Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014; OI Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349; Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU USGS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts; PIE-LTER reserve [NSF-OCE 0423565]; Woods Hole Partnership Education Program; Boston College FX S. Moseman-Valtierra was supported by a Mendenhall post-doctoral research fellowship at USGS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Additional support came from a grant to the PIE-LTER reserve (NSF-OCE 0423565). Rosalinda Gonzalez and James Shelton contributed to the project in July 2009 with support from the Woods Hole Partnership Education Program. Sandy Balwin and T. Wally Brooks of USGS Woods Hole provided substantial assistance with field work. Sandy Baldwin also prepared Figure 1. The gas chromatograph used in April and June 2010 was funded by Boston College, and undergraduates including Kelsey Fisher provided research assistance, with a Boston College Undergraduate Research Fellowship. We also thank Anne Giblin for help with research coordination at Plum Island and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 16 U2 108 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 26 BP 4390 EP 4397 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.046 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 804US UT WOS:000293680100007 ER PT J AU Marske, JP Pietruszka, AJ Trusdell, FA Garcia, MO AF Marske, Jared P. Pietruszka, Aaron J. Trusdell, Frank A. Garcia, Michael O. TI Geochemistry of southern Pagan Island lavas, Mariana arc: the role of subduction zone processes SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Subduction; Partial melting; Mariana arc; Pagan Island; Volcanoes ID TRACE-ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MELT INCLUSIONS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; VOLCANIC ZONE; MAGMA SOURCES; CONSTRAINTS; SLAB AB New major and trace element abundances, and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios of Quaternary lavas from two adjacent volcanoes (South Pagan and the Central Volcanic Region, or CVR) located on Pagan Island allow us to investigate the mantle source (i.e., slab components) and melting dynamics within the Mariana intra-oceanic arc. Geologic mapping reveals a pre-caldera (780-9.4 ka) and post-caldera (<9.4 ka) eruptive stage for South Pagan, whereas the eruptive history of the older CVR is poorly constrained. Crystal fractionation and magma mixing were important crustal processes for lavas from both volcanoes. Geochemical and isotopic variations indicate that South Pagan and CVR lavas, and lavas from the northern volcano on the island, Mt. Pagan, originated from compositionally distinct parental magmas due to variations in slab contributions (sediment and aqueous fluid) to the mantle wedge and the extent of mantle partial melting. A mixing model based on Pb and Nd isotopic ratios suggests that the average amount of sediment in the source of CVR (similar to 2.1%) and South Pagan (similar to 1.8%) lavas is slightly higher than Mt. Pagan (similar to 1.4%) lavas. These estimates span the range of sediment-poor Guguan (similar to 1.3%) and sediment-rich Agrigan (similar to 2.0%) lavas for the Mariana arc. Melt modeling demonstrates that the saucer-shaped normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns observed in Pagan lavas can arise from partial melting of a mixed source of depleted mantle and enriched sediment, and do not require amphibole interaction or fractionation to depress the middle REE abundances of the lavas. The modeled degree of mantle partial melting for Agrigan (2-5%), Pagan (3-7%), and Guguan (9-15%) lavas correlates with indicators of fluid addition (e. g., Ba/Th). This relationship suggests that the fluid flux to the mantle wedge is the dominant control on the extent of partial melting beneath Mariana arc volcanoes. A decrease in the amount of fluid addition (lower Ba/Th) and extent of melting (higher Sm/Yb), and an increase in the sediment contribution (higher Th/Nb, La/Sm, and Pb isotopic ratios) from Mt. Pagan to South Pagan could reflect systematic crossarc or irregular along-arc melting variations. These observations indicate that the length scale of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle wedge beneath Mariana arc volcanoes is small (similar to 10 km). C1 [Marske, Jared P.; Garcia, Michael O.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pietruszka, Aaron J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Trusdell, Frank A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Volcano Observ, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. RP Marske, JP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM marske@hawaii.edu FU United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR 07-38817, EAR 07-38671]; two Harold T. Stearns Fellowship FX We would like to thank Julie Herring, Game McGimsey, Maurice Sako, and Daisy Wheeler for assistance during the Pagan fieldwork. Our warmest aloha to Mike Cunningham of Americopters, the CNMI Emergency management office personnel (especially Juan Camacho, Ramon Chong, and Joe Kaipat), the crew of the Tenshe 2, and the Pagan residents for helping with the island transportation, field logistics, and hunting our food. Much appreciation goes to Joan Willis for her assistance in the clean laboratory at SDSU. We thank Jim Gill, John Pallister, Ian Ridley and an anonymous reviewer for their critical and helpful reviews. This research was funded by the United States Geological Survey to F. A. T., National Science Foundation grants to M.O.G. (EAR 07-38817) and A.J.P. (EAR 07-38671), and two Harold T. Stearns Fellowship grants awarded to J.P.M. This is SOEST contribution number 7573. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 162 IS 2 BP 231 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s00410-010-0592-1 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 811NB UT WOS:000294216800001 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, K Wald, D D'Ayala, D AF Jaiswal, Kishor Wald, David D'Ayala, Dina TI Developing Empirical Collapse Fragility Functions for Global Building Types SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article DE earthquake engineering; probability; structural engineering AB Building collapse is the dominant cause of casualties during earthquakes. In order to better predict human fatalities, the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program requires collapse fragility functions for global building types. The collapse fragility is expressed as the probability of collapse at discrete levels of the input hazard defined in terms of macroseismic intensity. This article provides a simple procedure for quantifying collapse fragility using vulnerability criteria based on the European Macroseismic Scale (1998) for selected European building types. In addition, the collapse fragility functions are developed for global building types by fitting the beta distribution to the multiple experts' estimates for the same building type (obtained from EERI's World Housing Encyclopedia (WHE)-PAGER survey). Finally, using the collapse probability distributions at each shaking intensity level as a prior and field-based collapse-rate observations as likelihood, it is possible to update the collapse fragility functions for global building types using the Bayesian procedure. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3606398] C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor; Wald, David] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [D'Ayala, Dina] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Jaiswal, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. EM kjaiswal@usgs.gov OI D'Ayala, Dina/0000-0003-3864-2052; Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 775 EP 795 DI 10.1193/1.3606398 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 806FV UT WOS:000293792600007 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Abrahamson, NA Atkinson, GM Baker, JW Boore, DM Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, KW Comartin, CD Idriss, IM Lew, M Mehrain, M Moehle, JP Naeim, F Sabol, TA AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Abrahamson, Norman A. Atkinson, Gail M. Baker, Jack W. Boore, David M. Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth W. Comartin, Craig D. Idriss, I. M. Lew, Marshall Mehrain, Michael Moehle, Jack P. Naeim, Farzad Sabol, Thomas A. TI Representation of Bidirectional Ground Motions for Design Spectra in Building Codes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Editorial Material DE building standards; design engineering; earthquake engineering; mechanical strength; structural engineering; vibrations ID HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; ACCELERATION AB The 2009 NEHRP Provisions modified the definition of horizontal ground motion from the geometric mean of spectral accelerations for two components to the peak response of a single lumped mass oscillator regardless of direction. These maximum-direction (MD) ground motions operate under the assumption that the dynamic properties of the structure (e.g., stiffness, strength) are identical in all directions. This assumption may be true for some in-plan symmetric structures, however, the response of most structures is dominated by modes of vibration along specific axes (e.g., longitudinal and transverse axes in a building), and often the dynamic properties (especially stiffness) along those axes are distinct. In order to achieve structural designs consistent with the collapse risk level given in the NEHRP documents, we argue that design spectra should be compatible with expected levels of ground motion along those principal response axes. The use of MD ground motions effectively assumes that the azimuth of maximum ground motion coincides with the directions of principal structural response. Because this is unlikely, design ground motions have lower probability of occurrence than intended, with significant societal costs. We recommend adjustments to make design ground motions compatible with target risk levels. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3608001] C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Abrahamson, Norman A.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94177 USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Baker, Jack W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bozorgnia, Yousef] Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Comartin, Craig D.] CD Comartin Inc, Stockton, CA 90015 USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Consulting Engn, Santa Fe, NM 87594 USA. [Lew, Marshall] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90040 USA. [Mehrain, Michael] URS Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. [Moehle, Jack P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Naeim, Farzad] John A Martin & Associates, Los Angeles, CA 90015 USA. [Sabol, Thomas A.] Englekirk & Sabol, Los Angeles, CA 90018 USA. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu; naa3@earthlink.net; gmatkinson@aol.com; bakerjw@stanford.edu; boore@usgs.gov; yousef@berkeley.edu; kcampbell@eqecat.com; ccomartin@comartin.net; imidriss@aol.com; mlew@mactec.com; michael_mehrain@urscorp.com; moehle@berkeley.edu; FARZAD@johnmartin.com; tom.sabol@englekirk.com RI Baker, Jack/F-2495-2010 OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 927 EP 937 DI 10.1193/1.3608001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 806FV UT WOS:000293792600014 ER PT J AU Flores, GE Campbell, JH Kirshtein, JD Meneghin, J Podar, M Steinberg, JI Seewald, JS Tivey, MK Voytek, MA Yang, ZK Reysenbach, AL AF Flores, Gilberto E. Campbell, James H. Kirshtein, Julie D. Meneghin, Jennifer Podar, Mircea Steinberg, Joshua I. Seewald, Jeffrey S. Tivey, Margaret Kingston Voytek, Mary A. Yang, Zamin K. Reysenbach, Anna-Louise TI Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DEEP-SEA; LUCKY-STRIKE; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; PHASE-SEPARATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; RARE BIOSPHERE; SEQUENCE DATA; BLACK SMOKER AB To evaluate the effects of local fluid geochemistry on microbial communities associated with active hydrothermal vent deposits, we examined the archaeal and bacterial communities of 12 samples collected from two very different vent fields: the basalt-hosted Lucky Strike (37 degrees 17'N, 32 degrees 16.3'W, depth 1600-1750 m) and the ultramafic-hosted Rainbow (36 degrees 13'N, 33 degrees 54.1'W, depth 2270-2330 m) vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Using multiplexed barcoded pyrosequencing of the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA genes, we show statistically significant differences between the archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the different vent fields. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays of the functional gene diagnostic for methanogenesis (mcrA), as well as geochemical modelling to predict pore fluid chemistries within the deposits, support the pyrosequencing observations. Collectively, these results show that the less reduced, hydrogen-poor fluids at Lucky Strike limit colonization by strict anaerobes such as methanogens, and allow for hyperthermophilic microaerophiles, like Aeropyrum. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich reducing vent fluids at the ultramafic-influenced Rainbow vent field support the prevalence of methanogens and other hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles at this site. These results demonstrate that biogeographical patterns of hydrothermal vent microorganisms are shaped in part by large scale geological and geochemical processes. C1 [Flores, Gilberto E.; Meneghin, Jennifer; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Campbell, James H.; Podar, Mircea; Yang, Zamin K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Kirshtein, Julie D.; Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Steinberg, Joshua I.] Oregon Episcopal Sch, Portland, OR 97223 USA. [Seewald, Jeffrey S.; Tivey, Margaret Kingston] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Reysenbach, AL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM reysenbacha@pdx.edu OI Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205 FU United States National Science Foundation [OCE-0728391, OCE-0937404, OCE-0937392, OCE-0549829]; Water Resources Division, USGS; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank the crew of the R/V Roger Revelle and the DSROV Jason II for their assistance in obtaining the samples. This research was supported by the United States National Science Foundation (OCE-0728391 and OCE-0937404 to A.-L. R.; OCE-0937392 to M. K. T.; OCE-0549829 to J.S.S.) and the US National Research Program, Water Resources Division, USGS (M. A. V. and J.D.K.). J.H.C., Z.K.Y. and M. P. were sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 73 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 2158 EP 2171 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 809RY UT WOS:000294075600018 PM 21418499 ER PT J AU Fiske, IJ Chandler, RB AF Fiske, Ian J. Chandler, Richard B. TI Unmarked: An R Package for Fitting Hierarchical Models of Wildlife Occurrence and Abundance SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE ecological; wildlife; hierarchical; occupancy; occurrence; distance; point count ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; REPLICATED COUNTS; MIXTURE-MODELS; POPULATION; EXTINCTION AB Ecological research uses data collection techniques that are prone to substantial and unique types of measurement error to address scientific questions about species abundance and distribution. These data collection schemes include a number of survey methods in which unmarked individuals are counted, or determined to be present, at spatially-referenced sites. Examples include site occupancy sampling, repeated counts, distance sampling, removal sampling, and double observer sampling. To appropriately analyze these data, hierarchical models have been developed to separately model explanatory variables of both a latent abundance or occurrence process and a conditional detection process. Because these models have a straightforward interpretation paralleling mechanisms under which the data arose, they have recently gained immense popularity. The common hierarchical structure of these models is well-suited for a unified modeling interface. The R package unmarked provides such a unified modeling framework, including tools for data exploration, model fitting, model criticism, post-hoc analysis, and model comparison. C1 [Fiske, Ian J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Fiske, IJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, 2311 Stinson Dr,Campus Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ijfiske@ncsu.edu; rchandler@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX The authors thank Andy Royle of the United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, who provided initial funding and inspiration for this work. Andy Royle and Robert Dorazio made valuable suggestions that greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript NR 21 TC 287 Z9 292 U1 23 U2 106 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 811RY UT WOS:000294232000001 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Knapp, IS Maragos, JE Davy, SK AF Williams, Gareth J. Knapp, Ingrid S. Maragos, James E. Davy, Simon K. TI Proximate environmental drivers of coral communities at Palmyra Atoll: Establishing baselines prior to removing a WWII military causeway SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Coral communities; Coral decline; Military causeway; Palmyra Atoll; Central Pacific ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; AUSTRALIAN SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SEDIMENT-REJECTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; ACROPORA-MILLEPORA; MODEL SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRINGING-REEF; INDIAN-OCEAN AB A management proposal aims to partly remove a WWII military causeway at Palmyra Atoll to improve lagoon water circulation and alleviate sedimentation stress on the southeast backreef, an area of high coral cover and diversity. This action could result in a shift in sedimentation across reef sites. To provide management advice, we quantified the proximate environmental factors driving scleractinian coral cover and community patterns at Palmyra. The proportion of fine sedimentation was the optimal predictor of coral cover and changes in community structure, explaining 23.7% and 24.7% of the variation between sites, respectively. Scleractinian coral cover was negatively correlated with increases in fine sedimentation. Removing the causeway could negatively affect the Montipora corals that dominate the western reef terrace, as this genus was negatively correlated with levels of fine sedimentation. The tolerance limits of corals, and sediment re-distribution patterns, should be determined prior to complete removal of the causeway. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Gareth J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. [Williams, Gareth J.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Davy, Simon K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. EM gareth@ucsd.edu FU VUW; SIO; National Geographic Society; United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service [12533-09015] FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy for granting access to the refuge and logistical support. Additional thanks to Kydd Pollock and Aaron Kzk for field logistics, and Chris Runyon and Ann Farrell for laboratory assistance. Finally, we thank Jonathan Gardner, Bette Willis, John Bythell and one anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback that greatly improved the manuscript. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) are members of the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). GJW was supported by a VUW Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship and is now supported by a SIO post-doctoral research scholarship. Additional funding came from a National Geographic Society grant awarded to SKD. The majority of this work was conducted under the special use permit 12533-09015 granted by the United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. This is PARC publication number 73. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1842 EP 1851 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 809GE UT WOS:000294039000044 PM 21632066 ER PT J AU Meece, JK Anderson, JL Fisher, MC Henk, DA Sloss, BL Reed, KD AF Meece, Jennifer K. Anderson, Jennifer L. Fisher, Matthew C. Henk, Daniel A. Sloss, Brian L. Reed, Kurt D. TI Population Genetic Structure of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Based on 27 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM; COCCIDIOIDES-POSADASII; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; WISCONSIN; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; LOCUS; OUTBREAKS; IMMITIS; TREES AB Blastomyces dermatitidis, a thermally dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of North American blastomycosis. Clinical presentation is varied, ranging from silent infections to fulminant respiratory disease and dissemination to skin and other sites. Exploration of the population genetic structure of B. dermatitidis would improve our knowledge regarding variation in virulence phenotypes, geographic distribution, and difference in host specificity. The objective of this study was to develop and test a panel of microsatellite markers to delineate the population genetic structure within a group of clinical and environmental isolates of B. dermatitidis. We developed 27 microsatellite markers and genotyped B. dermatitidis isolates from various hosts and environmental sources (n = 112). Assembly of a neighbor-joining tree of allele-sharing distance revealed two genetically distinct groups, separated by a deep node. Bayesian admixture analysis showed that two populations were statistically supported. Principal coordinate analysis also reinforced support for two genetic groups, with the primary axis explaining 61.41% of the genetic variability. Group 1 isolates average 1.8 alleles/locus, whereas group 2 isolates are highly polymorphic, averaging 8.2 alleles/locus. In this data set, alleles at three loci are unshared between the two groups and appear diagnostic. The mating type of individual isolates was determined by PCR. Both mating type-specific genes, the HMG and alpha-box domains, were represented in each of the genetic groups, with slightly more isolates having the HMG allele. One interpretation of this study is that the species currently designated B. dermatitidis includes a cryptic subspecies or perhaps a separate species. C1 [Meece, Jennifer K.; Anderson, Jennifer L.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Fisher, Matthew C.; Henk, Daniel A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, London W2 1PG, England. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Reed, Kurt D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Pathol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Meece, JK (reprint author), 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM meece.jennifer@mcrf.mfldclin.edu RI Fisher, Matthew/B-9094-2011; OI Fisher, Matthew/0000-0002-1862-6402 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 15 BP 5123 EP 5131 DI 10.1128/AEM.00258-11 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 798PW UT WOS:000293224500007 PM 21705544 ER PT J AU Hoeft, SE Kulp, TR Han, SY Lanoil, B Oremland, RS AF Hoeft, Shelley E. Kulp, Thomas R. Han, Sukkyun Lanoil, Brian Oremland, Ronald S. TI Coupled Arsenotrophy in a Hot Spring Photosynthetic Biofilm at Mono Lake, California (vol 76, pg 4633, 2010) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Hoeft, Shelley E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. RP Hoeft, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 15 BP 5570 EP 5570 DI 10.1128/AEM.05558-11 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 798PW UT WOS:000293224500065 ER PT J AU Archinal, BA A'Hearn, MF Conrad, A Consolmagno, GJ Courtin, R Fukushima, T Hestroffer, D Hilton, JL Krasinsky, GA Neumann, G Oberst, J Seidelmann, PK Stooke, P Tholen, DJ Thomas, PC Williams, IP AF Archinal, B. A. A'Hearn, M. F. Conrad, A. Consolmagno, G. J. Courtin, R. Fukushima, T. Hestroffer, D. Hilton, J. L. Krasinsky, G. A. Neumann, G. Oberst, J. Seidelmann, P. K. Stooke, P. Tholen, D. J. Thomas, P. C. Williams, I. P. TI Reports of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2006 & 2009 (vol 98, pg 155, 2007) SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Correction AB The primary poles for (243) Ida and (134340) Pluto and its satellite (134340) Pluto : I Charon were redefined in the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements (WGCCRE) 2006 report (Seidelmann et al. in Celest Mech Dyn Astr 98:155, 2007), and 2009 report (Archinal et al. in Celest Mech Dyn Astr 109:101, 2011), respectively, to be consistent with the primary poles of similar Solar System bodies. However, the WGCCRE failed to take into account the effect of the redefinition of the poles on the values of the rotation angle W at J2000.0. The revised relationships in Table 3 of Archinal et al. 2011) are W = 274 degrees.05 + 1864 degrees.6280070 d for (243) Ida, W = 302 degrees.695 + 56 degrees.3625225 d for (134340) Pluto, and W = 122 degrees.695 + 56 degrees.3625225 d for (134340) Pluto : I Charon where d is the time in TDB days from J2000.0 (JD2451545.0). C1 [Archinal, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [A'Hearn, M. F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Conrad, A.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Consolmagno, G. J.] Vatican Observ, Vatican City, Vatican. [Courtin, R.] LESIA, Observ Paris, CNRS, Paris, France. [Fukushima, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo, Japan. [Hestroffer, D.] IMCCE, Observ Paris, CNRS, Paris, France. [Hilton, J. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Krasinsky, G. A.] Inst Appl Astron, St Petersburg, Russia. [Neumann, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Oberst, J.] DLR Berlin Aldershof, Berlin, Germany. [Seidelmann, P. K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Stooke, P.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Tholen, D. J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thomas, P. C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Williams, I. P.] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England. RP Archinal, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM barchinal@usgs.gov RI Neumann, Gregory/I-5591-2013 OI Neumann, Gregory/0000-0003-0644-9944 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 110 IS 4 BP 401 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10569-011-9362-2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 801TX UT WOS:000293464600008 ER PT J AU Fey, DL Church, SE Driscoll, RL Adams, MG AF Fey, D. L. Church, S. E. Driscoll, R. L. Adams, M. G. TI Multiple applications of the US EPA 1312 leach procedure to mine waste from the Animas watershed, SW Colorado SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE acid-sulphate; mine waste; multiple leaching; metals depletion; acid depletion; US EPA 1312 ID GEOCHEMISTRY; ACID; PH AB Eleven acid-sulphate and quartz-sericite-pyrite altered mine waste samples from the Animas River watershed in SW Colorado were subjected to a series of 5 to 6 successive leaches using the US EPA 1312 leach protocol to evaluate the transport of metals and loss of acidity from mine wastes as a function of time. Multi-acid digestion ICP-AES analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineral identification, total sulphur, and net acid potential (NAP) determinations were performed on the initial starting materials. Multiple leaching steps generally showed a 'flushing' effect, whereby elements loosely bound, presumably as water-soluble salts, were removed. Aluminum, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn, and S showed decreasing concentration trends, whereas Cu concentrations showed initially decreasing trends, followed by increasing trends in later steps. Concentrations of Zn in the first leach step were independent of whole-sample Zn content. Lead and Ba concentrations consistently increased with each step, indicating that anglesite (PbSO(4)) and barite (BaSO(4)), respectively, were dissolving in successive leach steps. Comparison of Fe content with NAP resulted in a modest correlation. However, using the S analyses and XRD identification of sulphide minerals to apportion S amongst enargite, barite, anglesite/galena, and sphalerite, and assigning the remaining S to pyrite, provided a useful correlation between estimated pyrite content and NAP. Whole-sample mass loss correlated well with NAP, but individual elements' behaviors varied between positive correlation (e. g. Al, Fe, Mg), no apparent correlation (Ca, Cd, Pb, Zn), and negative correlation (Cu). Comparison of the summed titrated acidities of the leachates with the whole-sample NAP values yielded an estimate of the fraction of NAP consumed, and led to an estimate of the time it would take to consume the sample acidity by weathering. We estimate, on the basis of these experiments, the acidity in the upper 30 cm would be consumed in 200-1000 years. In addition, calculations suggest that the acidity would be depleted before the complete store of the metals Cu-Cd-Zn in these mine wastes would be released to the environment. C1 [Fey, D. L.; Church, S. E.; Driscoll, R. L.; Adams, M. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fey, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dfey@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/09-245 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 809IN UT WOS:000294045500001 ER PT J AU Voss, CI AF Voss, Clifford I. TI Editor's message: Hydrogeology Journal news about staff and Editors' Choice articles SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 19 IS 5 BP 957 EP 958 DI 10.1007/s10040-011-0752-z PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 801XO UT WOS:000293474100001 ER PT J AU Ault, TR Macalady, AK Pederson, GT Betancourt, JL Schwartz, MD AF Ault, Toby R. Macalady, Alison K. Pederson, Gregory T. Betancourt, Julio L. Schwartz, Mark D. TI Northern Hemisphere Modes of Variability and the Timing of Spring in Western North America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANNULAR MODE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; TRENDS; PHENOLOGY; EARLIER; WILDFIRE AB Spatial and temporal patterns of variability in spring onset are identified across western North America using a spring index (SI) model based on weather station minimum and maximum temperatures (T(min) and T(max), respectively). Principal component analysis shows that two significant and independent patterns explain roughly half of the total variance in the timing of spring onset from 1920 to 2005. However, these patterns of spring onset do not appear to be linear responses to the primary modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere: the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and the northern annular mode (NAM). Instead, over the period when reanalysis data and the spring index model overlap (1950-2005), the patterns of spring onset are local responses to the state of both the PNA and NAM, which together modulate the onset date of spring by 10-20 days on interannual time scales. They do so by controlling the number and intensity of warm days. There is also a regionwide trend in spring advancement of about -1.5 days decade(-1) from 1950 to 2005. Trends in the NAM and PNA can only explain about one-third (-0.5 day decade(-1)) of this trend. C1 [Ault, Toby R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. EM tault@email.arizona.edu FU NSF GRFP; NOAA CCDD [NA07OAR4310054]; DOE GREF; SfAZ GRFP FX We thank C. Castro, J. E. Cole, G. McCabe, S. McAfee, J. Russell, C. Woodhouse, and J. L. Weiss for helpful comments. We also thank B. Cook, L. Wolkovitch, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. This research benefited from feedback at the PACLIM 2009 Conference, with travel support provided by S. Starratt and the PACLIM 2009 organizers as well as the Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona. TA was supported by an NSF GRFP and NOAA CCDD (NA07OAR4310054), and AM was supported by the DOE GREF and SfAZ GRFP. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 4003 EP 4014 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4069.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900015 ER PT J AU Routti, H Letcher, RJ Born, EW Branigan, M Dietz, R Evans, TJ Fisk, AT Peacock, E Sonne, C AF Routti, Heli Letcher, Robert J. Born, Erik W. Branigan, Marsha Dietz, Rune Evans, Thomas J. Fisk, Aaron T. Peacock, Elizabeth Sonne, Christian TI Spatial and temporal trends of selected trace elements in liver tissue from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada and Greenland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SEALS PHOCA-HISPIDA; MARINE FOOD-WEB; RINGED SEALS; HEAVY-METALS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; NORTHWEST GREENLAND; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; GASEOUS MERCURY AB Spatial trends and comparative changes in time of selected trace elements were studied in liver tissue from polar bears from ten different subpopulation locations in Alaska, Canadian Arctic and East Greenland. For nine of the trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se and Zn) spatial trends were investigated in 136 specimens sampled during 2005-2008 from bears from these ten subpopulations. Concentrations of Hg, Se and As were highest in the (northern and southern) Beaufort Sea area and lowest in (western and southern) Hudson Bay area and Chukchi/Bering Sea. In contrast, concentrations of Cd showed an increasing trend from east to west. Minor or no spatial trends were observed for Cu, Mn, Rb and Zn. Spatial trends were in agreement with previous studies, possibly explained by natural phenomena. To assess temporal changes of Cd, Hg, Se and Zn concentrations during the last decades, we compared our results to previously published data. These time comparisons suggested recent Hg increase in East Greenland polar bears. This may be related to Hg emissions and/or climate-induced changes in Hg cycles or changes in the polar bear food web related to global warming. Also, Hg : Se molar ratio has increased in East Greenland polar bears, which suggests there may be an increased risk for Hg(2+)-mediated toxicity. Since the underlying reasons for spatial trends or changes in time of trace elements in the Arctic are still largely unknown, future studies should focus on the role of changing climate and trace metal emissions on geographical and temporal trends of trace elements. C1 [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Environm Canada,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Routti, Heli] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Branigan, Marsha] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada. [Dietz, Rune; Sonne, Christian] Aarhus Univ, Dept Arctic Environm, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Evans, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Letcher, RJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Environm Canada,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM robert.letcher@ec.gc.ca RI Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015 OI Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; FU Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada; Molson Foundation; KVUG; DANCEA; Prince Albert Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management FX For Canadian sampling and assistance, we thank Nunavut Hunters and Trappers Organizations, Nunavut Department of Environment conservation officers and lab technicians (A. Coxon, F. Piugattuk, A. Niptanatiak, D. Fredlund, J. Ashevak, J. Savikataaq, J. Qaunaq, A. Williams, P. Prefontaine, K. Nogier, A. Nakashuk, L. Kudluk, N. Nakoolik, E. Qaggutaq, T. Palluq, N. Amarualik, T. Mullin, B. J. Hainnu, G. Koonoo, T. Palluq, J. Coutu-Autut) and Environment Canada's National Wildlife Specimen Bank at NWRC. In the Organic Contaminants Research Laboratory (OCRL) at NWRC, we thank Melissa McKinney for assisting with the collection coordination and processing with incoming liver samples. In the Lab Services section at NWRC we thank Ewa Neubauger and France Maisonneuve for the metal analysis of the samples. Thanks to the Alaska Native hunters who took the extra time to collect and send the polar bear samples for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for processing the shipment to NIST for long-term cryogenic storage. Thanks to R. Pugh (Hollings Marine Laboratory, NIST) for assistance with the Chukchi/Bering Sea samples. For East Greenland sampling and assistance, we thank local hunters, J. Bronlund, M. Kirkegaard, S. Joensen and L. Bruun. In Canada, this study was funded by the Northern Contaminants Program (Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada) (R. J. L.) and the Molson Foundation (R. J. L.). Greenland program funding was from the IPY program "Bear-Health" by KVUG, DANCEA and the Prince Albert Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management contributed to Alaskan funding. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 2260 EP 2267 DI 10.1039/c1em10088b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 802II UT WOS:000293502600019 PM 21687839 ER PT J AU McDonald-Madden, E Runge, MC Possingham, HP Martin, TG AF McDonald-Madden, Eve Runge, Michael C. Possingham, Hugh P. Martin, Tara G. TI Optimal timing for managed relocation of species faced with climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; MIGRATION; RESPONSES; DEBATE; RISK AB Managed relocation is a controversial climate-adaptation strategy to combat negative climate change impacts on biodiversity. While the scientific community debates the merits of managed relocation(1-12), species are already being moved to new areas predicted to be more suitable under climate change(13,14). To inform these moves, we construct a quantitative decision framework to evaluate the timing of relocation in the face of climate change. We find that the optimal timing depends on many factors, including the size of the population, the demographic costs of translocation and the expected carrying capacities over time in the source and destination habitats. In some settings, such as when a small population would benefit from time to grow before risking translocation losses, haste is ill advised. We also find that active adaptive management(15,16) is valuable when the effect of climate change on source habitat is uncertain, and leads to delayed movement. C1 [McDonald-Madden, Eve; Martin, Tara G.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [McDonald-Madden, Eve; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [McDonald-Madden, Eve; Possingham, Hugh P.; Martin, Tara G.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP McDonald-Madden, E (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Ecosci Precinct 41 Boggo Rd,Dutton Pk 4102, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM eve.mcdonald-madden@csiro.au RI McDonald-Madden, Eve/A-5186-2012; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; Martin, Tara/M-1897-2016 OI McDonald-Madden, Eve/0000-0001-7755-2338; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Martin, Tara/0000-0001-7165-9812 FU CSIRO; Queensland International Fellowship; ARC; ARC Centre for Excellence in Environmental Decisions FX This work was supported by a CSIRO Julius Career Award to T.G.M.; E.M-M. was supported by an OCE Fellowship from CSIRO, Queensland International Fellowship and an ARC APD Fellowship. H.P.P. was supported by an ARC Federation Fellowship. This work was further supported by the ARC Centre for Excellence in Environmental Decisions. We thank S. Ferrier, S. McIntyre, I. Chades and J. Nichols for comments on this manuscript and the late S. Schneider for his insights on this work. NR 30 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 1 IS 5 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1170 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806YG UT WOS:000293853300019 ER PT J AU De Waele, B Thomas, RJ Macey, PH Horstwood, MSA Tucker, RD Pitfield, PEJ Schofield, DI Goodenough, KM Bauer, W Key, RM Potter, CJ Armstrong, RA Miller, JA Randriamananjara, T Ralison, V Rafahatelo, JM Rabarimanana, M Bejoma, M AF De Waele, B. Thomas, R. J. Macey, P. H. Horstwood, M. S. A. Tucker, R. D. Pitfield, P. E. J. Schofield, D. I. Goodenough, K. M. Bauer, W. Key, R. M. Potter, C. J. Armstrong, R. A. Miller, J. A. Randriamananjara, T. Ralison, V. Rafahatelo, J. M. Rabarimanana, M. Bejoma, M. TI Provenance and tectonic significance of the Palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary successions of central and northern Madagascar SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE U-Pb dating; Detrital provenance; East African Orogen; Gondwana; Palaeoproterozoic; Tectonics ID PROTEROZOIC ITREMO GROUP; EAST-AFRICAN OROGEN; CONTINENTAL ARC MAGMATISM; WEST-CENTRAL MADAGASCAR; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; NORTHWESTERN INDIA; MOZAMBIQUE OCEAN; AGE CONSTRAINTS AB New detrital zircon U-Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga and have similar aged provenances. The distribution of detrital zircon ages indicates an overwhelming contribution of sources with ages between 2.5 and 1.8 Ga. Possible source rocks with an age of 2.5 Ga are present in abundance in the crustal segments (Antananarivo, Antongil and Masora Domains) either side of a purported Neoproterozoic suture ("Betsimisaraka Suture Zone"). Recently, possible source rocks for the 1.8 Ga age peak have been recognised in southern Madagascar. All three supracrustal successions, as well as the Archaean blocks onto which they were emplaced, are intruded by mid-Neoproterozoic magmatic suites placing a minimum age on their deposition. The similarities in detrital pattern, maximum and minimum age of deposition in the three successions, lend some support to a model in which all of Madagascar's Archaean blocks form a coherent crustal entity (the Greater Dharwar Craton), rather than an amalgamate of disparate crustal blocks brought together only during Neoproterozoic convergence. However, potential source terranes exist outside Madagascar and on either side of the Neoproterozoic sutures, so that a model including a Neoproterozoic suture in Madagascar cannot be dispelled outright. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [De Waele, B.] SRK Consulting, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. [De Waele, B.; Thomas, R. J.; Horstwood, M. S. A.; Pitfield, P. E. J.; Schofield, D. I.; Bauer, W.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Macey, P. H.] Council Geosci, Western Cape, South Africa. [Goodenough, K. M.; Key, R. M.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Tucker, R. D.; Potter, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Armstrong, R. A.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Miller, J. A.] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Randriamananjara, T.; Ralison, V.; Rafahatelo, J. M.; Rabarimanana, M.] Projet Gouvernance Ressources Minieres, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Bejoma, M.] Univ Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar. RP De Waele, B (reprint author), SRK Consulting, Level 1,10 Richardson St, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. EM bdewaele@srk.com.au RI Goodenough, Kathryn/E-8469-2014; OI Goodenough, Kathryn/0000-0001-5912-4831; Schofield, David/0000-0002-2669-5627; Horstwood, Matthew/0000-0003-4200-8193 NR 94 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.04.004 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807VP UT WOS:000293931400002 ER PT J AU Dethier, DP Bove, DJ AF Dethier, David P. Bove, Dana J. TI Mineralogic and Geochemical Changes from Alteration of Granitic Rocks, Boulder Creek Catchment, Colorado SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRONT RANGE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; GRANODIORITE; RATES; COUNTY AB In the critical zone of the upland Boulder Creek (Colorado) catchment, a weathered mantle consisting of 3 to 10 m of oxidized bedrock, saprolite, and mobile regolith (grus and soil) overlies fresh and locally hydrothermally altered bedrock that is exposed beneath a low-relief surface. Saprolite forms from isovolumetric alteration of primary rock materials to secondary minerals by percolating water; mobile regolith includes rock materials in transport downslope, mixed by a variety of biologic and physical processes. Analysis of vadose zone samples by petrographic, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) and X-ray diffracti on (XRD) techniques demonstrates that weathering of Precambrian Boulder Creek Granodiorite and Silver Plume Granite has formed small amounts of clay and iron oxides. Bulk geochemical changes during alteration are minor except in the transformation of saprolite to regolith, which is enriched in neoformed minerals. In saprolite, the alteration sequence is: plagioclase > biotite > microcline > quartz. Quantitative XRD analysis shows that smectite and kaolinite form <10% of the rock in weathered samples and that smectite is absent and kaolinite and illite comprise >15% of the rock at several hydrothermally altered sites. Iron oxide and hydroxide minerals, such as goethite and hematite, have formed by weathering and by hydrothermal alteration. Hydrothermal alteration of granodiorite to saprolite at the Hurricane Hill site resulted in substantial losses of CaO, MgO and Na2O, Sr and metals such as Cd and Pb, and enrichment in K2O and the trace elements Cs, Sb, and W. At four critical-zone profiles studied in detail: (i) increases in kaolinite, smectite, and Fe oxides and decreases in magnetite concentration due to weathering are significant if fresh rock is compared to regolith; (ii) illite is enriched in soil; (iii) minor amounts of clay minerals are inherited from fresh rock; and (iv) clay minerals and Fe oxides are abundant only in hydrothermally altered saprolite. Some of the apparent enrichment of secondary minerals in weathered profiles likely results from dustfall and from material mixed into mobile regolith from heterogeneous bedrock sources. If some portion of the clay minerals in regolith and some fraction of dissolved material leaving Boulder Creek catchments are exotic, rates of clay and Fe oxide formation in the Boulder Creek area must be slow, and the alteration of granitic rocks during the conversion of saprolite to regolith may be driven mainly by volume expansion in this cool, continental climate. C1 [Dethier, David P.] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Bove, Dana J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dethier, DP (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM ddethier@williams.edu FU NSF [0106223]; Keck Geology Consortium FX Peter Birkeland introduced us to pedogenic studies in the area and emphasized the importance of dustfall. Elizabeth Dengler (Bates College) and Alex Blum (U.S. Geological Survey) helped to collect samples from the Betasso Gulch area and Alex provided analyses of their mineralogy. This work was funded in part by NSF Grant #0106223 and by the Keck Geology Consortium. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 858 EP 866 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0106 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 808UX UT WOS:000294007600007 ER PT J AU Garcia, CA Andraski, BJ Stonestrom, DA Cooper, CA Simunek, J Wheatcraft, SW AF Garcia, C. Amanda Andraski, Brian J. Stonestrom, David A. Cooper, Clay A. Simunek, Jirika Wheatcraft, Stephen W. TI Interacting Vegetative and Thermal Contributions to Water Movement in Desert Soil (vol 10, pg 552, 2011) SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Garcia, C. Amanda; Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cooper, Clay A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Simunek, Jirika] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wheatcraft, Stephen W.] Wheatcraft & Associates LLC, Reno, NV 89509 USA. RP Garcia, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM cgarcia@usgs.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1117 EP 1117 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0023er PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 808UX UT WOS:000294007600028 ER PT J AU Nelson, PH AF Nelson, Philip H. TI Pore-throat sizes in sandstones, siltstones, and shales: Reply SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRESSURES C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nelson, PH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pnelson@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1448 EP 1453 DI 10.1306/12141010159 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 804UR UT WOS:000293680000009 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Driscoll, CT Stoddard, JL Richer, EE AF Baron, Jill S. Driscoll, Charles T. Stoddard, John L. Richer, Eric E. TI Empirical Critical Loads of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition for Nutrient Enrichment and Acidification of Sensitive US Lakes SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; critical load; lakes; nutrient enrichment; acidification ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; MOUNTAIN LAKES; FRESH-WATERS; ALPINE LAKES; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; SMALL STREAMS; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The ecological effects of elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on high-elevation lakes of the western and northeastern United States include nutrient enrichment and acidification. The nutrient enrichment critical load for western lakes ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 kilograms (kg) of N per hectare (ha) per year, reflecting the nearly nonexistent watershed vegetation in complex, snowmelt-dominated terrain. The nutrient enrichment critical load for northeastern lakes ranged from 3.5 to 6.0 kg N per ha per year. The N acidification critical loads associated with episodic N pulses in waters with low values of acid neutralizing capacity were 4.0 kg N per ha per year (western) and 8.0 kg N per ha per year (northeastern). The empirical critical loads for N-caused acidification were difficult to determine because of a lack of observations in the West, and high sulfur deposition in the East. For both nutrient enrichment and acidification, the N critical load was a function of how atmospheric N deposition was determined. C1 [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU US Department of Agriculture Forest Service; US Environmental Protection Agency FX Many thanks to Linda Pardo for her support and leadership and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency for their financial support in the critical loads monograph for the United States. Jill Oropeza helped compile information for this paper. Comments from anonymous reviewers were very helpful. This is a product of the US Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative. NR 58 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2011 VL 61 IS 8 BP 602 EP 613 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.8.6 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 806JQ UT WOS:000293804100008 ER PT J AU Wang, J Caccamise, SAL Wu, LJ Woodward, LA Li, QX AF Wang, Jun Caccamise, Sarah A. L. Wu, Liejun Woodward, Lee Ann Li, Qing X. TI Spatial distribution of organochlorine contaminants in soil, sediment, and fish in Bikini and Enewetak Atolls of the Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Marine pollution; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs); DDE; Bikini Atoll; Enewetak Atoll ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUPERFUND SITE; AQUATIC BIOTA; FRESH-WATER; TERPHENYLS; PESTICIDES AB Several nuclear tests were performed at Enewetak and Bikini Atolls in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958. The events at Bikini Atoll involved several ships that were tested for durability during nuclear explosions, and 24 vessels now rest on the bottom of the Bikini lagoon. Nine soil samples were collected from different areas on the two islands of the atoll, and eighteen sediment, nine fish, and one lobster were collected in the vicinity of the sunken ships. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) in these samples were analyzed using gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS). The average recoveries ranged from 78% to 104% for the different PCB congeners. The limits of detection (LOD) for PCBs, PCTs, DDE, DDT, and dieldrin ranged 10-50 pg g(-1). Some fish from Enewetak contained PCBs at a concentration range of 37-137 ng g(-1), dry weight (dw), and most of the soils from Enewetak showed evidence of PCBs (22-392 ng g(-1) dw). Most of the Bikini lagoon sediment samples contained PCBs, and the highest was the one collected from around the Saratoga, an aircraft carrier (1555 ng g(-1) dw). Some of the fish samples, most of the soil samples, and only one of the sediment samples contained 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) and PCBs. In addition to PCBs, the soils from Enewetak Atoll contained PCTs. PCTs were not detected in the sediment samples from Bikini Atoll. The results suggest local pollution sources of PCBs, PCTs, and OCPs. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Jun; Caccamise, Sarah A. L.; Wu, Liejun; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Woodward, LA (reprint author), 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96815 USA. EM leeann_woodard@fws.gov; qingl@hawaii.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; S. Cohen and Associates FX We would like to acknowledge U. Hans Beiling of S. Cohen and Associates for providing the samples. Special thanks to Dana J. Caccamise II and David A. Phillips, of the Pacific GPS Facility at the University of Hawaii, for creation of the Marshall Islands map. This project was supported in part by grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and S. Cohen and Associates. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805JZ UT WOS:000293724000021 PM 21616519 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C Demitz, J Fry, J Hossain, N Wickham, J AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Demitz, Jon Fry, Joyce Hossain, Nazmul Wickham, James TI Change of Impervious Surface Area Between 2001 and 2006 in the Conterminous United States SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hossain, Nazmul] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SGT, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wickham, James] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov; homer@usgs.gov; dewitz@usgs.gov; jfry@usgs.gov; hossain@usgs.gov; Wickham.james@epamail.epa.gov OI Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X NR 5 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 8 BP 758 EP 762 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 805ZF UT WOS:000293768900001 ER PT J AU Cassidy, JF Balfour, N Hickson, C Kao, H White, R Caplan-Auerbach, J Mazzotti, S Rogers, GC Al-Khoubbi, I Bird, AL Esteban, L Kelman, M Hutchinson, J McCormack, D AF Cassidy, J. F. Balfour, N. Hickson, C. Kao, H. White, R. Caplan-Auerbach, J. Mazzotti, S. Rogers, G. C. Al-Khoubbi, I. Bird, A. L. Esteban, L. Kelman, M. Hutchinson, J. McCormack, D. TI The 2007 Nazko, British Columbia, Earthquake Sequence: Injection of Magma Deep in the Crust beneath the Anahim Volcanic Belt SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LAKE TAHOE; CALIFORNIA; ALGORITHM; NEVADA AB On 9 October 2007, an unusual sequence of earthquakes began in central British Columbia about 20 km west of the Nazko cone, the most recent (circa 7200 yr) volcanic center in the Anahim volcanic belt. Within 25 hr, eight earthquakes of magnitude 2.3-2.9 occurred in a region where no earthquakes had previously been recorded. During the next three weeks, more than 800 microearthquakes were located (and many more detected), most at a depth of 25-31 km and within a radius of about 5 km. After about two months, almost all activity ceased. The clear P-and S-wave arrivals indicated that these were high-frequency (volcanic-tectonic) earthquakes and the b value of 1.9 that we calculated is anomalous for crustal earthquakes but consistent with volcanic-related events. Analysis of receiver functions at a station immediately above the seismicity indicated a Moho near 30 km depth. Precise relocation of the seismicity using a double-difference method suggested a horizontal migration at the rate of about 0: 5 km/d, with almost all events within the lowermost crust. Neither harmonic tremor nor long-period events were observed; however, some spasmodic bursts were recorded and determined to be colocated with the earthquake hypocenters. These observations are all very similar to a deep earthquake sequence recorded beneath Lake Tahoe, California, in 2003-2004. Based on these remarkable similarities, we interpret the Nazko sequence as an indication of an injection of magma into the lower crust beneath the Anahim volcanic belt. This magma injection fractures rock, producing high-frequency, volcanic-tectonic earthquakes and spasmodic bursts. C1 [Cassidy, J. F.; Kao, H.; Mazzotti, S.; Rogers, G. C.; Al-Khoubbi, I.; Bird, A. L.; Esteban, L.] Geol Survey Canada, Victoria, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Balfour, N.] Univ Victoria, Bob Wright Ctr A405, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Hickson, C.; Kelman, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada. [White, R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [White, R.] OFDA, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Caplan-Auerbach, J.; Hutchinson, J.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [McCormack, D.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3, Canada. RP Cassidy, JF (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM jcassidy@nrcan.gc.ca RI Mazzotti, Stephane/H-3928-2016 FU Natural Resources Canada; Geoscience British Columbia; British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources; NSERC FX We gratefully acknowledge the many people who contributed to this study. Special thanks to Isa Asudeh, Andy Tran, Mingzhou Li, Calvin Andrews, Richard Baldwin, Wanda Bentkowski, Tim Cote, Khalil Hayek, Chris Majewski, Xiuying Jin, Tim Claydon, Kelly Russell, Graham Andrews, Bob Tilling, Don Swanson, Robert Kung, Kaz Shimamura, Barry Narod (MT), Terry Spurgeon, Glyn Williams-Jones, the Ottawa infrasound group, Fish Pot Lake Lodge, Brian Wear, British Columbia Provincial Emergency Preparedness members and residents of the Community of Nazko. Seismic data analyzed in this study came from the CNSN (funded by Natural Resources Canada) and the Nechako POLARIS array (funded by Geoscience British Columbia, Natural Resources Canada, and the British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources). N. Balfour was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant. We gratefully acknowledge three reviewers for their very valuable suggestions and contributions that improved this manuscript. This is ESS Contribution Number 20090362. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1732 EP 1741 DI 10.1785/0120100013 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 800DH UT WOS:000293339400023 ER PT J AU Bulut, F Ellsworth, WL Bohnhoff, M Aktar, M Dresen, G AF Bulut, Fatih Ellsworth, William L. Bohnhoff, Marco Aktar, Mustafa Dresen, Georg TI Spatiotemporal Earthquake Clusters along the North Anatolian Fault Zone Offshore Istanbul SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; ACTIVE TECTONICS; HAYWARD FAULT; MARMARA SEA; CALIFORNIA AB We investigate earthquakes with similar waveforms in order to characterize spatiotemporal microseismicity clusters within the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) in northwest Turkey along the transition between the 1999 Izmit rupture zone and the Marmara Sea seismic gap. Earthquakes within distinct activity clusters are relocated with cross-correlation derived relative travel times using the double-difference method. The spatiotemporal distribution of microearthquakes within individual clusters is resolved with relative location accuracy comparable to or better than the source size. High-precision relative hypocenters define the geometry of individual fault patches, permitting a better understanding of fault kinematics and their role in local-scale seismotectonics along the region of interest. Temporal seismic sequences observed in the eastern Sea of Marmara region suggest progressive failure of mostly nonoverlapping areas on adjacent fault patches and systematic migration of microearthquakes within clusters during the progressive failure of neighboring fault patches. The temporal distributions of magnitudes as well as the number of events follow swarmlike behavior rather than a mainshock/aftershock pattern. C1 [Bulut, Fatih; Bohnhoff, Marco; Dresen, Georg] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ, TR-34684 Istanbul, Turkey. [Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Earthquake Res Inst, TR-34684 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Bulut, F (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Haus D, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RI Bulut, Fatih/A-5821-2015; Bohnhoff, Marco/B-4354-2017 OI Bulut, Fatih/0000-0001-8108-8881; Bohnhoff, Marco/0000-0001-7383-635X FU GFZ-Potsdam; Bogazici University Research Foundation [BAP-09M103]; Helmholtz Foundation FX We are grateful to Tom Parsons, Dave Hill, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments improving the paper, to Sebastian Hainzl and Erik Rybacki for useful discussions about potential models. We thank Dogan Kalafat, Claus Milkereit, Serif Baris, and Heiko Woith for sharing seismic data. The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam provided seismic stations for the initial period of the PIRES campaign. PIRES has been co-funded by GFZ-Potsdam and Bogazici University Research Foundation (grant number: BAP-09M103). We also thank the Helmholtz Foundation for funding the project within the Young Investigators Group "From micro-seismicity to large earthquakes". Vanessa Fremd helped us with data processing. We thank Birsen Can for useful discussions on data evaluation and continuous support for the maintenance of PIRES network. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1768 DI 10.1785/0120100215 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 800DH UT WOS:000293339400025 ER PT J AU Boatwright, J Seekins, L AF Boatwright, John Seekins, Linda TI Regional Spectral Analysis of Three Moderate Earthquakes in Northeastern North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHEASTERN CANADA; 1988 SAGUENAY; ATTENUATION; ACCELERATION; QUEBEC; WAVES; SHAPE AB We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 RiviSre-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely for anomalies that might result from site resonance or source effects. We use Beresnev and Atkinson's (1997) near-surface velocity structures and Boore and Joyner's (1997) quarter-wave method to estimate site response at hard- and soft-rock sites. We revise the Street et al. (1975) model for geometrical spreading, adopting a crossover distance of r(o) = 50 km instead of 100 km. We obtain an average attenuation of Q = 410 +/- 25f(0.50 +/- 0.03) for S + L(g) + surface waves with ray paths in the Appalachian and southeastern Grenville Provinces. We correct the recorded spectra for attenuation and site response to estimate source spectral shape and radiated energy for these three earthquakes and the 1988 M 5.8 Saguenay earthquake. The Brune stress drops range from 130 to 419 bars, and the apparent stresses range from 39 to 63 bars. The corrected source spectral shapes of these earthquakes are somewhat variable for frequencies from 0.2 to 2 Hz, falling slightly below the fitted Brune spectra. C1 [Boatwright, John; Seekins, Linda] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Office of Research under USGS/NRC [N6501] FX Won-Young Kim at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, John Ebel at the Weston Observatory, John Adams and Lan Lin of the Geological Survey of Canada, and Jean-Robert Pierre at Hydro-Quebec provided the broadband and accelerograph data and graciously answered our many questions about sites and instrumentation. During the course of our research, we benefitted greatly from discussions with John Diebold, Won-Young Kim, Dave Boore, Gail Atkinson, Chris Cramer, Walt Silva, Bill Ellsworth, Paul Richards, and Bob Herrmann. We are indebted to Dave Boore, Art McGarr, and Gail Atkinson for providing insightful reviews of this paper. This research was supported by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Office of Research under USGS/NRC job code N6501. The views expressed in this paper represent those of the authors. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1769 EP 1782 DI 10.1785/0120100225 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 800DH UT WOS:000293339400026 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Orr, T Wilson, D Dow, D Freeman, R AF Patrick, Matthew R. Orr, Tim Wilson, David Dow, David Freeman, Richard TI Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cyclic spattering; Seismic tremor; Gas pistoning; Kilauea Volcano ID HAWAII; LAKE; DYNAMICS; INSIGHTS; ERUPTION AB In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45 m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu'u 'AOE'Ai cone on KA << lauea Volcano's east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4 km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40-100 min during peak activity and involved small (5-10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1 m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4-5 Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500 kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7 kg s(-1), respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1-2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim; Dow, David] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 6 BP 639 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 799KY UT WOS:000293286800002 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Jonsson, S Geist, DJ Poland, M Johnson, DJ Batt, S Harpp, KS Ruiz, A AF Chadwick, William W., Jr. Jonsson, Sigurjon Geist, Dennis J. Poland, Michael Johnson, Daniel J. Batt, Spencer Harpp, Karen S. Ruiz, Andres TI The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos: The first circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circumferential dike intrusion; Ground deformation; Kinematic modeling; Magma reservoirs ID SIERRA-NEGRA-VOLCANO; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SATELLITE RADAR; TENSILE FAULTS; HALF-SPACE; ISLANDS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMS AB The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos, occurred along circumferential fissures parallel to the caldera rim and fed lava flows down the steep southwestern slope of the volcano for several weeks. This was the first circumferential dike intrusion ever observed by both InSAR and GPS measurements and thus provides an opportunity to determine the subsurface geometry of these enigmatic structures that are common on Galapagos volcanoes but are rare elsewhere. Pre- and post- eruption ground deformation between 2002 and 2006 can be modeled by the inflation of two separate magma reservoirs beneath the caldera: a shallow sill at similar to 1 km depth and a deeper point-source at similar to 5 km depth, and we infer that this system also existed at the time of the 2005 eruption. The co-eruption deformation is dominated by uplift near the 2005 eruptive fissures, superimposed on a broad subsidence centered on the caldera. Modeling of the co-eruption deformation was performed by including various combinations of planar dislocations to simulate the 2005 circumferential dike intrusion. We found that a single planar dike could not match both the InSAR and GPS data. Our best-fit model includes three planar dikes connected along hinge lines to simulate a curved concave shell that is steeply dipping (similar to 45-60A degrees) toward the caldera at the surface and more gently dipping (similar to 12-14A degrees) at depth where it connects to the horizontal sub-caldera sill. The shallow sill is underlain by the deep point source. The geometry of this modeled magmatic system is consistent with the petrology of Fernandina lavas, which suggest that circumferential eruptions tap the shallowest parts of the system, whereas radial eruptions are fed from deeper levels. The recent history of eruptions at Fernandina is also consistent with the idea that circumferential and radial intrusions are sometimes in a stress-feedback relationship and alternate in time with one another. C1 [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jonsson, Sigurjon] KAUST King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. [Geist, Dennis J.; Batt, Spencer] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Poland, Michael] USGS, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. [Johnson, Daniel J.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Harpp, Karen S.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Ruiz, Andres] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov RI Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015; OI Jonsson, Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9814312, EAR-0004067, EAR-0538205]; NOAA [3559]; European Space Agency [3493] FX The manuscript was greatly improved by helpful reviews from Sang-Ho Yun and Scott Rowland. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Program (EAR-9814312, EAR-0004067, and EAR-0538205), and in part by the NOAA Vents Program (PMEL contribution #3559). Michael Ramsey (University of Pittsburg) and Scott Rowland (University of Hawaii) kindly assisted with acquiring and processing the ASTER satellite imagery. ENVISAT radar data were provided by the European Space Agency through Cat-1 project #3493. Clay Hamilton at upwarp.com created the illustration in Fig. 13. The Charles Darwin Research Station and the Galapagos National Park Service provided invaluable logistical assistance. Beth Bartel, Erika Rader, Glyn Williams-Jones, Nathalie Vigouroux, Terry Naumann, and Kim Whipple helped in the field during our 2002 and 2006 GPS surveys. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our late friend, colleague, and co-author Daniel J. Johnson. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 6 BP 679 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0433-0 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 799KY UT WOS:000293286800004 ER PT J AU Bartlein, PJ Harrison, SP Brewer, S Connor, S Davis, BAS Gajewski, K Guiot, J Harrison-Prentice, TI Henderson, A Peyron, O Prentice, IC Scholze, M Seppa, H Shuman, B Sugita, S Thompson, RS Viau, AE Williams, J Wu, H AF Bartlein, P. J. Harrison, S. P. Brewer, S. Connor, S. Davis, B. A. S. Gajewski, K. Guiot, J. Harrison-Prentice, T. I. Henderson, A. Peyron, O. Prentice, I. C. Scholze, M. Seppa, H. Shuman, B. Sugita, S. Thompson, R. S. Viau, A. E. Williams, J. Wu, H. TI Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Pollen; Plant macrofossils; Palaeovegetation palaeoclimate reconstructions; Reconstruction uncertainties; Mid-Holocene; Last glacial maximum; Climate model evaluation ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; MODERN ANALOG TECHNIQUE; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; PAST 21,000 YEARS; LAKE STATUS DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; C-14 YR BP AB Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from C-14-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance. C1 [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Harrison, S. P.; Prentice, I. C.] Macquarie Univ, Sch Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Brewer, S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Connor, S.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Davis, B. A. S.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gajewski, K.; Viau, A. E.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Guiot, J.] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. [Harrison-Prentice, T. I.] PAKLIM, GTZ, Jakarta 13410, Indonesia. [Henderson, A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Peyron, O.] UFC, CNRS, Lab Chronoenvironm, UMR 6249,UFR Sci & Tech, Besancon, France. [Prentice, I. C.; Scholze, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, QUEST, Bristol, Avon, England. [Seppa, H.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Shuman, B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sugita, S.] Tallinn Univ, Inst Ecol, Tallinn, Estonia. [Thompson, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Williams, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wu, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Bartlein, PJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bartlein@uoregon.edu RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Scholze, Marko/N-4573-2014; Guiot, Joel/G-7818-2011; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Scholze, Marko/0000-0002-3474-5938; Guiot, Joel/0000-0001-7345-4466; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911; Connor, Simon/0000-0001-5685-2390; Seppa, Heikki/0000-0003-2494-7955 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council; International Quaternary Association (INQUA) [0801]; QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainties in the Earth System) programme; US National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) FX This paper was initiated at a workshop funded by QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainties in the Earth System), a programme of the UK Natural Environment Research Council, and Project 0801 (Evaluation of PMIP Palaeoclimate Model Simulations) of the International Quaternary Association (INQUA). The paper is a contribution to ongoing work of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Programme. Regional dataset compilations and the work of individual co-authors has been funded by the QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainties in the Earth System) programme (SPH, ICP, TIH-P), the UK Natural Environment Research Council (SPH, ICP, MS), the US National Science Foundation (PJB, SB, BS, JWW), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) (KEG, AV). We thank Tom Webb for his extensive review of the manuscript, and Pascale Braconnot for comments on the manuscript. The gridded data sets are available as text (.csv) or net-CDF files in the Electronic Supplementary Material. NR 149 TC 159 Z9 166 U1 10 U2 125 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 775 EP 802 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0904-1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800YL UT WOS:000293403500022 ER PT J AU Xu, JP AF Xu, J. P. TI Measuring currents in submarine canyons: Technological and scientific progress in the past 30 years SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; TURBIDITY-CURRENT ACTIVITY; INTERNAL WAVES; MONTEREY-CANYON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; BALTIMORE CANYON; SEDIMENT FLUXES; TIDAL CURRENTS; CALIFORNIA AB The development and application of acoustic and optical technologies and of accurate positioning systems in the past 30 years have opened new frontiers in the submarine canyon research communities. This paper reviews several key advancements in both technology and science in the field of currents in submarine canyons since the 1979 publication of Currents in Submarine Canyons and Other Sea Valleys by Francis Shepard and colleagues. Precise placements of high-resolution, high-frequency instruments have not only allowed researchers to collect new data that are essential for advancing and generalizing theories governing the canyon currents, but have also revealed new natural phenomena that challenge the understandings of the theorists and experimenters in their predictions of submarine canyon flow fields. Baroclinic motions at tidal frequencies, found to be intensified both up canyon and toward the canyon floor, dominate the flow field and control the sediment transport processes in submarine canyons. Turbidity currents are found to frequently occur in active submarine canyons such as Monterey Canyon. These turbidity currents have maximum speeds of nearly 200 cm/s, much smaller than the speeds of turbidity currents in geological time, but still very destructive. In addition to traditional Eulerian measurements, Lagrangian flow data are essential in quantifying water and sediment transport in submarine canyons. A concerted experiment with multiple monitoring stations along the canyon axis and on nearby shelves is required to characterize the storm-trigger mechanism for turbidity currents. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 868 EP 876 DI 10.1130/GES00640.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 800SL UT WOS:000293387100003 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS Oberg, KA AF Mueller, David S. Oberg, Kevin A. TI Discussion of "Near-Transducer Errors in ADCP Measurements: Experimental Findings" by Marian Muste, Dongsu Kim, and Juan A. Gonzalez-Castro SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VELOCITY C1 [Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Oberg, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM dmueller@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2011 VL 137 IS 8 BP 863 EP 866 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000361 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 802SC UT WOS:000293530300014 ER PT J AU Breiner, JM Doolittle, JA Horton, R Graham, RC AF Breiner, Joan M. Doolittle, James A. Horton, Robert Graham, Robert C. TI Performance of Ground-Penetrating Radar on Granitic Regoliths With Different Mineral Composition SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Granite; regolith; GPR; California ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WEATHERED BEDROCK; WATER; SOIL; ROCKS; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA; FRACTURES; LIMESTONE; PLANTS AB Although ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is extensively used to characterize the regolith, few studies have addressed the effects of chemical and mineralogical compositions of soils and bedrock on its performance. This investigation evaluated the performance of GPR on two different granitic regoliths of somewhat different mineralogical composition in the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Radar records collected at a site where soils are Alfisols were more depth restricted than the radar record obtained at a site where soils are Entisols. Although the Alfisols contain an argillic horizon, and the Entisols have no such horizon of clay accumulation, the main impact on GPR effectiveness is related to mineralogy. The bedrock at the Alfisol site, which contains more mafic minerals (5% hornblende and 20% biotite), is more attenuating to GPR than the bedrock at the Entisol site, where mafic mineral content is less (< 1% hornblende and 10% biotite). Thus, a relatively minor variation in bedrock mineralogy, specifically the increased biotite content, severely restricts the performance of GPR. C1 [Breiner, Joan M.; Graham, Robert C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Doolittle, James A.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Horton, Robert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Graham, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM robert.graham@ucr.edu FU University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the University of California Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. The authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 176 IS 8 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318222b0e7 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 801NC UT WOS:000293445600006 ER PT J AU Gurney, KEB Clark, RG Slattery, SM Smith-Downey, NV Walker, J Armstrong, LM Stephens, SE Petrula, M Corcoran, RM Martin, KH DeGroot, KA Brook, RW Afton, AD Cutting, K Warren, JM Fournier, M Koons, DN AF Gurney, K. E. B. Clark, R. G. Slattery, S. M. Smith-Downey, N. V. Walker, J. Armstrong, L. M. Stephens, S. E. Petrula, M. Corcoran, R. M. Martin, K. H. DeGroot, K. A. Brook, R. W. Afton, A. D. Cutting, K. Warren, J. M. Fournier, M. Koons, D. N. TI Time constraints in temperate-breeding species: influence of growing season length on reproductive strategies SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; LESSER SCAUP; NORTHERN PINTAILS; NEST SUCCESS; ASHMOLES HYPOTHESIS; LIFE-HISTORIES; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; YUKON FLATS; GREAT-TITS; SURVIVAL AB Organisms that reproduce in temperate regions have limited time to produce offspring successfully, and this constraint is expected to be more pronounced in areas with short growing seasons. Information concerning how reproductive ecology of endotherms might be influenced by growing season length (GSL) is rare, and species that breed over a broad geographic range provide an opportunity to study the effects of time constraints on reproductive strategies. We analyzed data from a temperate-breeding bird, the lesser scaup Aythya affinis; hereafter scaup, collected at eight sites across a broad gradient of GSL to evaluate three hypotheses related to reproductive compensation in response to varying time constraints. Clutch initiation date in scaup was unaffected by GSL and was unrelated to latitude; spring thaw dates had a marginal impact on timing of breeding. Clutch size declined during the nesting season, as is reported frequently in bird species, but was also unaffected by GSL. Scaup do not appear to compensate for shorter growing seasons by more rapidly reducing clutch size. This study demonstrates that this species is remarkably consistent in terms of timing of breeding and clutch size, regardless of growing season characteristics. Such inflexibility could make this species particularly sensitive to environmental changes that affect resource availabilities. C1 [Gurney, K. E. B.; Clark, R. G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Slattery, S. M.; Armstrong, L. M.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. [Smith-Downey, N. V.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Walker, J.; DeGroot, K. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, J.; DeGroot, K. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stephens, S. E.] Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, Mandan, ND 58503 USA. [Petrula, M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Corcoran, R. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99615 USA. [Martin, K. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Brook, R. W.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Afton, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cutting, K.; Warren, J. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marion, MT 59739 USA. [Fournier, M.] Environm Canada, Environm Conservat Branch, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada. [Koons, D. N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Koons, D. N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gurney, KEB (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM kirsty.gurney@usask.ca FU Ducks Unlimited Canada; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Univ. of Saskatchewan; MBNA Canada Bank; California Waterfowl Association FX We thank numerous field assistants for help with nest searching. Mark Bidwell provided GIS assistance, as well as *many* useful discussions, we are also grateful to Todd Arnold, Patrick Weatherhead, Vanessa Harriman, Michael Anteau and Jean-Michel DeVink for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by Ducks Unlimited Canada and Environment Canada, personal support for K. Gurney was through a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant, NSERC Industrial Postgraduate Scholarship, Univ. of Saskatchewan Graduate Fellowship, MBNA Canada Bank Conservation Fellowship, and Dennis Raveling Scholarship for Waterfowl Research, California Waterfowl Association. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the US Geological Survey. Finally, we are indebted to Jim Sedinger, who recommended that we contact people in Alaska. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD AUG PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06622.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796DZ UT WOS:000293031700010 ER PT J AU Vikre, PG Poulson, SR Koenig, AE AF Vikre, Peter G. Poulson, Simon R. Koenig, Alan E. TI Derivation of S and Pb in Phanerozoic Intrusion-Related Metal Deposits from Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Pyrite, Great Basin, United States SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SOUTHERN SNAKE-RANGE; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; 2-MICA GRANITES; RUBY MOUNTAINS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; POCATELLO FORMATION AB The thick (<= 8 km), regionally extensive section of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata (terrigenous detrital succession, TDS) in the central and eastern Great Basin contains sedimentary pyrite characterized by mostly high delta S-34 values (-11.6 to 40.8 parts per thousand, >70% exceed 10 parts per thousand; 51 analyses) derived from reduction of seawater sulfate, and by markedly radiogenic Pb isotopes (Pb-207/Pb-204 > 19.2; 15 analyses) acquired from elastic detritus eroded from Precambrian cratonal rocks to the east-southeast. In the overlying Paleozoic section, Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au deposits associated with Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary granitic intrusions (intrusion-related metal deposits) contain galena and other sulfide minerals with S and Pb isotope compositions similar to those of TDS sedimentary pyrite, consistent with derivation of deposit S and Pb from TDS pyrite. Minor element abundances in TDS pyrite (e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, and Au) compared to sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite elsewhere are not noticeably elevated, implying that enrichment in source minerals is not a precondition for intrusion-related metal deposits. Three mechanisms for transferring components of TDS sedimentary pyrite to intrusion-related metal deposits are qualitatively evaluated. One mechanism involves (1) decomposition of TDS pyrite in thermal aureoles of intruding magmas, and (2) aqueous transport and precipitation in thermal or fluid mixing gradients of isotopically heavy S, radiogenic Pb, and possibly other sedimentary pyrite and detrital mineral components, as sulfide minerals in intrusion-related metal deposits. A second mechanism invokes mixing and S isotope exchange in thermal aureoles of Pb and S exsolved from magma and derived from decomposition of sedimentary pyrite. A third mechanism entails melting of TDS strata or assimilation of TDS strata by crustal or mantle magmas. TDS-derived or assimilated magmas ascend, decompress, and exsolve a mixture of TDS volatiles, including isotopically heavy S and radiogenic Pb from sedimentary pyrite, and volatiles acquired from deeper crustal or mantle sources. In the central and eastern Great Basin, the wide distribution and high density of small to mid-sized vein, replacement, and skarn intrusion-related metal deposits in lower Paleozoic rocks that contain TDS sedimentary pyrite S and Pb reflect (1) prolific Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary magmatism, (2) a regional, substrate reservoir of S and Pb in permeable and homogeneous siliciclastic strata, and (3) relatively small scale concentration of substrate and magmatic components. Large intrusion-related metal deposits in the central and eastern Great Basin acquired S and most Pb from thicker lithospheric sections. C1 [Vikre, Peter G.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Vikre, PG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, MS 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM pvikre@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR-0309935] FX Simon R. Poulson was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0309935. Discussions with Ed du Bray clarified aspects of granitic intrusion chemistry and petrogenesis in the Great Basin. Dan Unruh graciously provided sonic Pb isotope analyses. Reviews by Jack Stewart, Robert Ay-uso, Mark Barton, Peter Larson, and Steve Kesler corrected stratigraphic inconsistencies, clarified interpretation of Pb and S isotope compositions, and offered broader process interpretations, which, to a degree, have been incorporated. NR 164 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 106 IS 5 BP 883 EP 912 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 799UQ UT WOS:000293312000007 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Welsh, SA Turk, PJ AF Smith, Dustin M. Welsh, Stuart A. Turk, Philip J. TI Selection and preference of benthic habitat by small and large ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Lampetra aepyptera; Habitat selection; Benthic substrate; Sedimentation; Least Brook Lamprey; Ammocoete; Channelization ID LARVAL LAMPREYS; GREAT-LAKES; PACIFIC LAMPREY; TRIDENTATA; DENSITIES; STREAMS; GROWTH; DIET AB In this laboratory study, we quantified substrate selection by small (< 50 mm) and large (100-150 mm) ammocoetes of the least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera). In aquaria, ammocoetes were given a choice to burrow into six equally-available substrate types: small gravel (2.360-4.750 mm), coarse sand (0.500-1.400 mm), fine sand (0.125-0.500 mm), organic substrate (approximately 70% decomposing leaves/stems and organic sediment particles, and 30% silt and fine sand), an even mixture of silt, clay, and fine sand, and silt/clay (< 0.063 mm). Fine sand was selected with a significantly higher probability than any other substrate. Fine sand habitat is limited in many streams, in part owing to geology, but also as a result of channelization and excessive silt/clay sedimentation, which is a conservation concern. Our results indicate that ammocoetes of least brook lampreys are habitat specialists that prefer fine sand habitat. Hence, availability of fine sand habitat may limit distributions and population sizes. C1 [Smith, Dustin M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Turk, Philip J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dsmith304wv@gmail.com NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 26 U2 136 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9800-8 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 799OZ UT WOS:000293297300005 ER PT J AU Burken, JG Vroblesky, DA Balouet, JC AF Burken, Joel G. Vroblesky, Don A. Balouet, Jean Christophe TI Phytoforensics, Dendrochemistry, and Phytoscreening: New Green Tools for Delineating Contaminants from Past and Present SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYBRID POPLAR TREES; ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; ELEMENT CONCENTRATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; VAPOR INTRUSION; RING CHEMISTRY; PLANT-ROOTS; PHYTOREMEDIATION AB As plants evolved to be extremely proficient in mass transfer with their surroundings and survive as earth's dominant biomass, they also accumulate and store some contaminants from surroundings, acting as passive samplers. Novel applications and analytical methods have been utilized to gain information about a wide range of contaminants in the biosphere soil, water, and air, with information available on both past (dendrochemistry) and present (phytoscreening). Collectively these sampling approaches provide rapid, cheap, ecologically friendly, and overall "green" tools termed "Phytoforensics". C1 [Burken, Joel G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn Dept, Rolla, MO USA. [Vroblesky, Don A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. [Balouet, Jean Christophe] Environm Int, Paris, France. RP Burken, JG (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn Dept, Rolla, MO USA. EM burken@mst.edu FU NSF; U.S. EPA; Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE); ADEME FX We thank the laboratory assistance and intellectual contributions at Missouri S&T (Dr. Honglan Shi, Matt Limmer, Emily Sheehan, Mikhil Shetty, and Kendra Waltermire) and at USGS (John Schumacher). Many of the findings discussed resulted from funding by NSF, U.S. EPA, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE), and ADEME. We also extend our appreciation to Camilo Martinez and Chris Watson (MOE), to Ryan Kroeker at The University of Guelph, and to Rebecca Frisbee and Gavin Jewell at Missouri S&T for their assistance with the graphics preparation for the table of contents artwork and Figure 1. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 6218 EP 6226 DI 10.1021/es2005286 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798IK UT WOS:000293196400002 PM 21749088 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Misra, SK Luoma, SN Valsami-Jones, E AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Misra, Superb K. Luoma, Samuel N. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI Silver Bioaccumulation Dynamics in a Freshwater Invertebrate after Aqueous and Dietary Exposures to Nanosized and Ionic Ag SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR INTERNALIZATION; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; METAL ASSIMILATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NANOPARTICLES; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; MUSSEL; TRANSPORT; RELEASE AB We compared silver (Ag) bioavailability and toxicity to a freshwater gastropod after exposure to ionic silver (Ag(+)) and to Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with citrate or with humic acid. Silver form, exposure route, and capping agent influence Ag bioaccumulation dynamics in Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails efficiently accumulated Ag from all forms after either aqueous or dietary exposure. For both exposure routes, uptake rates were faster for Ag(+) than for Ag NPs. Snails efficiently assimilated Ag from Ag NPs mixed with diatoms (assimilation efficiency (AE) ranged from 49 to 58%) and from diatoms pre-exposed to Ag(+) (AE of 73%). In the diet, Ag NPs damaged digestion. Snails ate less and inefficiently processed the ingested food, which adversely impacted their growth. Loss rates of Ag were faster after waterborne exposure to AgNPs than after exposure to dissolved Ag(+). Once Ag was taken up from diet, whether from Ag(+) or Ag NPs, Ag was lost extremely slowly. Large Ag body concentrations are thus expected in L. stagnalis after dietborne exposures, especially to citrate-capped Ag NPs. Ingestion of Ag associated with particulate materials appears as the most important vector of uptake. Nanosilver exposure from food might trigger important environmental risks. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Misra, Superb K.; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Leverhulme Trust [F/00 696/N] FX Funding for this work was provided from the Toxic Substances Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Research Program (USGS) and by a grant from the Leverhulme Trust (F/00 696/N). The authors thank A. D. Dybowska and D. Berhanu for their assistance with particle synthesis and characterization, D. B. Kent for help with the chemical speciation calculations, J. A. Garcia for his assistance with biodynamics experiments as well as A. Kleckner and D. J. Cain for help with algal cultures. Critical comments from D. J. Cain and A. D. Dybowska are greatly appreciated. NR 33 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 10 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 6600 EP 6607 DI 10.1021/es200880c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798IK UT WOS:000293196400058 PM 21667957 ER PT J AU Westphal, MF Morey, SR Uyeda, JC Morgan, TJ AF Westphal, M. F. Morey, S. R. Uyeda, J. C. Morgan, T. J. TI Molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Amphistichinae (Teleostei: Embiotocidae) reveals parallel divergent evolution of red pigmentation in two rapidly evolving lineages of sand-dwelling surfperch SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; colour pattern; evolution; livebearer; pigmentation ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETICS; COLOR PATTERNS; FISHES; CAROTENOIDS; SPECIATION; GUPPIES; TUNAXANTHIN; CALIFORNIA; PATHWAYS; MODEL AB Pigment evolution was reconstructed in the subfamily Amphistichinae, a six-species clade of the surfperches, family Embiotocidae. Assignment was confirmed for all species within the subfamily, but low levels of differentiation were found among species within the subfamily, suggesting a recent radiation. The new phylogeny differs from previous hypotheses by the placement of the spotfin surfperch Hyperprosopon anale at the base of the subfamily, while still preserving the calico surfperch Amphistichus koelzi and the redtailed surfperch Amphistichus rhodoterus as sister species. Phenotypically, A. rhodoterus, A. koelzi and the silver surfperch Hyperprosopon ellipticum express high levels of red pigmentation. The barred surfperch, Amphistichus argenteus and the walleye surfperch Hyperprosopon argenteum express little to no red pigment, while basal H. anale expresses an intermediate amount of red pigment. Red pigmentation is proposed to have experienced parallel divergent evolution in each genus within the subfamily. [Correction added after online publication 19 July 2011: species names corrected] (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Westphal, M. F.; Morgan, T. J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Morey, S. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Uyeda, J. C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Westphal, MF (reprint author), Hollister Field Off, Bur Land Management, 20 Hamilton Court, Hollister, CA 95023 USA. EM mwestpha@blm.gov FU Ecological Genomics Institute at Kansas State University; California Coastal National Monument FX The authors would like to thank S. Miller, D. Miller, H. J. Walker, K. Oda, K. Lombard, H. Rodd, J. Westphal, S. Wisely, S. J. Arnold, R. Watts, M. Christie, D. Johnson, M. Hixon, J. Q. Richmond and H. Barton. The work was partially funded through a postdoctoral fellowship to M.F.W. from the Ecological Genomics Institute at Kansas State University. Further funding was provided by the California Coastal National Monument. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03011.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796TT UT WOS:000293076100001 PM 21781095 ER PT J AU Liebich, T McCormick, SD Kircheis, D Johnson, K Regal, R Hrabik, T AF Liebich, T. McCormick, S. D. Kircheis, D. Johnson, K. Regal, R. Hrabik, T. TI Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; ATPase; chloride; DOC; glucose; pH ID EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; ACID WATER; MARINE SURVIVAL; RIVER WATER; FRESH-WATER; ALUMINUM; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; MAINE AB The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream-water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill Na(+)- and K(+)-ATPase levels in S. salar smolts were assessed in relation to ambient stream-water chemistry during this migration period. Changes in both plasma chloride and plasma glucose levels of S. salar smolts were strongly correlated with stream pH, and S. salar smolt mortality occurred in one study site with ambient stream pH between 5.6 and 5.8 during the study period. The findings from this study suggest that physiological effects on S. salar smolts are strongly correlated with stream pH and that in rivers and streams with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations the threshold for physiological effects and mortality probably occurs at a higher pH and shorter exposure period than in rivers with higher DOC. Additionally, whenever an acidification event in which pH drops below 5.9 coincides with S. salar smolt migration in eastern Maine rivers, there is potential for a significant reduction in plasma ions of S. salar smolts. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works C1 [Liebich, T.] USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Kircheis, D.] NOAA Fisheries, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Johnson, K.] Husson Univ, Dept Chem, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Regal, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hrabik, T.] UMD Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Liebich, T (reprint author), USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1 Izembek St, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. EM Trent_Liebich@fws.gov FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center FX We thank M. O'Dea, M. Monette and A. Regish for their help in running physiological assays. We also thank M. Hachey for his assistance with data collection and M. Cooper-man for additional assistance with data analysis. Additionally, we would like to thank U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center as well as the U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center for funding this research, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Lake and Craig Brook National Fish Hatcheries for providing juvenile salmon, Maine Department of Marine Resources (formerly Atlantic Salmon Commission) for assisting with site selection, the Downeast Salmon Federation and Dennys Salmon Club for allowing access to their property, and the University of Maine's Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Lab and Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research for their assistance with water chemistry analyses. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 502 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03046.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796TT UT WOS:000293076100011 PM 21781105 ER PT J AU McGlue, MM Silva, A Corradini, FA Zani, H Trees, MA Ellis, GS Parolin, M Swarzenski, PW Cohen, AS Assine, ML AF McGlue, Michael M. Silva, Aguinaldo Corradini, Fabricio A. Zani, Hiran Trees, Mark A. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Parolin, Mauro Swarzenski, Peter W. Cohen, Andrew S. Assine, Mario L. TI Limnogeology in Brazil's "forgotten wilderness": a synthesis from the large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pantanal; Limnogeology; Floodplain lakes; Tropical wetlands; Sedimentary organic matter; Freshwater sponges ID LACUSTRINE ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER SPONGES; MATO-GROSSO; AFRICAN RIFT; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; INDICATORS; WETLAND; CARBON; DELTA AB Sediment records from floodplain lakes have a large and commonly untapped potential for inferring wetland response to global change. The Brazilian Pantanal is a vast, seasonally inundated savanna floodplain system controlled by the flood pulse of the Upper Paraguay River. Little is known, however, about how floodplain lakes within the Pantanal act as sedimentary basins, or what influence hydroclimatic variables exert on limnogeological processes. This knowledge gap was addressed through an actualistic analysis of three large, shallow (< 5 m) floodplain lakes in the western Pantanal: Lagoa Gaiva, Lagoa Mandior, and Baia Vermelha. The lakes are dilute (CO(3) (2-) > Si(4+) > Ca(2+)), mildly alkaline, freshwater systems, the chemistries and morphometrics of which evolve with seasonal flooding. Lake sills are bathymetric shoals marked by siliciclastic fans and marsh vegetation. Flows at the sills likely undergo seasonal reversals with the changing stage of the Upper Paraguay River. Deposition in deeper waters, typically encountered in proximity to margin-coincident topography, is dominated by reduced silty-clays with abundant siliceous microfossils and organic matter. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, plus hydrogen index measured on bulk organic matter, suggest that contributions from algae (including cyanobacteria) and other C(3)-vegetation dominate in these environments. The presence of lotic sponge spicules, together with patterns of terrigenous sand deposition and geochemical indicators of productivity, points to the importance of the flood pulse for sediment and nutrient delivery to the lakes. Flood-pulse plumes, waves and bioturbation likewise affect the continuity of sedimentation. Short-lived radioisotopes indicate rates of 0.11-0.24 cm year(-1) at sites of uninterrupted deposition. A conceptual facies model, developed from insights gained from modern seasonal processes, can be used to predict limnogeological change when the lakes become isolated on the floodplain or during intervals associated with a strengthened flood pulse. Amplification of the seasonal cycle over longer time scales suggests carbonate, sandy lowstand fan and terrestrial organic matter deposition during arid periods, whereas deposition of lotic sponges, mixed aquatic organic matter, and highstand deltas characterizes wet intervals. The results hold substantial value for interpreting paleolimnological records from floodplain lakes linked to large tropical rivers with annual flooding cycles. C1 [McGlue, Michael M.; Trees, Mark A.; Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Silva, Aguinaldo] Univ Fed Mato Grosso Sul UFMS CPAN, Dept Ciencias Ambiente, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Corradini, Fabricio A.] Univ Fed Para UFPA, Fac Geog, BR-68501970 Maraba, PA, Brazil. [Zani, Hiran] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais INPE, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Parolin, Mauro] Fac Estadual Ciencias & Letras Campo Mourao, BR-87303100 Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Assine, Mario L.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Geol Aplicada IGCE, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. RP McGlue, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mmmcglue@email.arizona.edu; aguinald_silva@yahoo.com.br; f_coradini@yahoo.com.br; hzani@dsr.inpe.br; treesma@email.arizona.edu; gsellis@usgs.gov; mauroparolin@gmail.com; pswarzen@usgs.gov; cohen@email.arizona.edu; assine@rc.unesp.br RI Zani, Hiran/C-4304-2012; Corradini, Fabricio/D-3258-2013; McGlue, Michael/C-9752-2014; Assine, Mario/C-1154-2013; Libardoni, Bruno/P-3873-2014; OI Assine, Mario/0000-0002-3097-5832; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU American Chemical Society [45910-AC8]; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2007/55987-3]; UA-Exxon Mobil COSA; Laccore; Chevron Corporation; Kartchner Caverns; ECOA-Brazil; EMBRAPA-Brazil; UFMS-Campus do Pantanal; Fazenda Santa Teresa and the citizens of Amolar (MS-Brazil) FX The title for this contribution was adapted from: The Pantanal-Brazil's Forgotten Wilderness by Vic Banks (1991). The research presented in this paper was supported by the American Chemical Society (PRF program grant 45910-AC8), the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP grant 2007/55987-3) and the UA-Exxon Mobil COSA project. Generous grants to MM from Laccore, the Chevron Corporation, Kartchner Caverns, and PAGES assisted the completion of this project. Research in Brazil would not have been possible without logistical and scientific support from ECOA-Brazil, EMBRAPA-Brazil, UFMS-Campus do Pantanal, the Fazenda Santa Teresa and the citizens of Amolar (MS-Brazil). We are extremely grateful to K. Wendt, F. dos Santos Gradella, S. Kuerten, B. Lima de Paula, D. Calheiros, R. Lins, A. Lins, and T. Matsushima for their assistance. C. Gans and E. Guerra de Lima provided vital support at UA during our 2009 field season. L. Helfrich, C. Landowski, X. Zhang, C. Eastoe, J. Ash and the staff of the Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota provided support in the laboratory. Critical reviews by S. Harris, C. Turner, S. Ivory, M. Blome, M. Brenner and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the quality of the text. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 273 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10933-011-9538-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 797RJ UT WOS:000293145000008 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD Naman, SW AF Mayer, Timothy D. Naman, Seth W. TI STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AS INFLUENCED BY GEOLOGY AND ELEVATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change/variability; rivers/streams; Klamath Basin; groundwater hydrology; surface water/groundwater interactions; base-flow index; Upper Klamath Lake ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RIVER-BASIN; TRENDS; IMPACTS; OREGON; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; SNOWPACK AB This study examines the regional streamflow response in 25 predominately unregulated basins to warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions over the last half century in the Klamath Basin of California and Oregon. Geologic controls of streamflow in the region result in two general stream types: surface-dominated and groundwater-dominated basins. Surface-dominated basins were further differentiated into rain basins and snowmelt basins on the basis of elevation and timing of winter runoff. Streamflow characteristics and response to climate vary with stream type, as discussed in the study. Warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions have caused significantly earlier runoff peaks in both snowmelt and groundwater basins in the region. In the groundwater basins, the streamflow response to changes in snowpack is smoothed and delayed and the effects are extended longer in the summer. Our results indicate that absolute decreases in July-September base flows are significantly greater, by an order of magnitude, in groundwater basins compared to surface-dominated basins. The declines are important because groundwater basins sustain Upper Klamath Lake inflows and mainstem river flows during the typically dry summers of the area. Upper Klamath Lake April-September net inflows have decreased an estimated 16% or 84 thousand acre-feet (103.6 Mm(3)) since 1961, with the summer months showing proportionately more decline. These changes will exacerbate water supply problems for agriculture and natural resources in the region. C1 [Mayer, Timothy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Naman, Seth W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 724 EP 738 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00537.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200007 ER PT J AU Williamson, TN Crawford, CG AF Williamson, Tanja N. Crawford, Charles G. TI ESTIMATION OF SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION FROM TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND TURBIDITY DATA FOR KENTUCKY, 1978-1995 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; total suspended solids; turbidity; water quality ID STREAMS AB Suspended sediment is a constituent of water quality that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. In order to quantify the relationship among different sediment parameters for Kentucky streams, long-term records were obtained from the National Water Information System of the U. S. Geological Survey. Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the U. S. Geological Survey, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. A linear regression of log-transformed observations was used to estimate SSC from TSS; 72% of TSS observations were less than coincident SSC observations; however, the estimated SSC values were almost as likely to be overestimated as underestimated. The SSC-turbidity relationship also used log-transformed observations, but required a nonlinear, breakpoint regression that separated turbidity observations <= 6 nephelometric turbidity units. The slope for these low turbidity values was not significantly different than zero, indicating that low turbidity observations provide no real information about SSC; in the case of the Kentucky sediment record, this accounts for 30% of the turbidity observations. C1 [Williamson, Tanja N.] US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Crawford, Charles G.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Williamson, TN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kentucky Water Sci Ctr, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM tnwillia@usgs.gov OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We appreciate the input of three anonymous referees as well as that of several USGS colleagues. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200008 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; SLIP RATES; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; KINEMATICS; SCALE; KOYNA; INDIA; AREA AB Concerns have been raised that stresses from reservoir impoundment may trigger damaging earthquakes because rate changes have been associated with reservoir impoundment or stage-level changes globally. Here, the idea is tested blindly using Anderson Reservoir, which lies atop the seismically active Calaveras fault. The only knowledge held by the author going into the study was the expectation that reservoir levels change cyclically because of seasonal rainfall. Examination of seismicity rates near the reservoir reveals variability, but no correlation with stage-level changes. Three-dimensional finite-element modeling shows stress changes sufficient for earthquake triggering along the Calaveras fault zone. Since many of the reported cases of induced triggering come from low-strain settings, it is speculated that gradual stressing from stage-level changes in high-strain settings may not be significant. From this study, it can be concluded that reservoirs are not necessarily risky in active tectonic settings. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1130/L148.1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 796QA UT WOS:000293065500002 ER PT J AU Hillhouse, JW Gromme, S AF Hillhouse, John W. Gromme, Sherman TI Updated paleomagnetic pole from Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonic displacement of the Sierra Nevada block SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; GRANITIC PLUTONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MOTION; RANGE; BASIN; CONSTRAINTS; BATHOLITH AB We report remanent magnetization measurements from 13 sites in Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada (38 degrees N-39.5 degrees N). By increasing the number of available paleomagnetic sites, the new data tighten constraints on the displacement history of the Sierra Nevada block and its pre-extensional position relative to interior North America. We collected samples in freshly exposed outcrops along four highway transects. The rocks include diorite, granodiorite, and tonalite with potassium-argon ages (hornblende) ranging from 100 Ma to 83 Ma. By combining our results with previous paleomagnetic determinations from the central and southern Sierra Nevada (excluding sites from the rotated southern tip east of the White Wolf-Kern Canyon fault system), we find a mean paleomagnetic pole of 70.5 degrees N, 188.2 degrees E, A(95) = 2.6 degrees (N = 26, Fisher concentration parameter, K = 118). Thermal demagnetization indicates that the characteristic remanence is generally unblocked in a narrow range within 35 degrees C of the Curie temperature of pure magnetite. Small apparent polar wander during the Cretaceous normal-polarity superchron, plus prolonged acquisition of remanence at the site level, may account for the low dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles and relatively large K value. Tilt estimates based on overlapping sediments, stream gradients, and thermochronology of the Sierra Nevada plutons vary from 0 degrees to 3 degrees down to the southwest. Without tilt correction, the mean paleomagnetic pole for the Sierra Nevada is essentially coincident with the North American reference pole during the Cretaceous stillstand (125 Ma to 80 Ma). At 95% confidence, the apparent latitude shift is 1.1 degrees +/- 3.0 degrees (positive northward), and the apparent rotation is negligible, 0.0 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees. Correcting for each degree of tilt, which is limited to 3 degrees on geologic evidence, increases the rotation anomaly 2.2 degrees counterclockwise, while the apparent latitude shift remains unchanged. C1 [Hillhouse, John W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hillhouse, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1130/L142.1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 796QA UT WOS:000293065500004 ER PT J AU Maranto, CJ Parrish, JK Herman, DP Punt, AE Olden, JD Brett, MT Roby, DD AF Maranto, Christina J. Parrish, Julia K. Herman, David P. Punt, Andre E. Olden, Julian D. Brett, Michael T. Roby, Daniel D. TI Use of Fatty Acid Analysis to Determine Dispersal of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian predator; dispersal; fatty acid; Hydroprogne caspia; salmon ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DIET; SEABIRD; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SIGNATURES; PREDATORS AB Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U. S. A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a lethal control program at a mid-Columbia River dam to infer dispersal patterns. We modeled the rate of loss of fatty acid biomarkers, which are fatty acids that can be traced to a single prey species or groups of species, to infer whether and when terns foraging at dams had emigrated from the coast. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that coastal terns had high levels of C(20) and C(22) monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas fatty acids of inland breeders were high in C18:3n3, C20:4n6, and C22:5n3. Models of the rate of loss of fatty acid showed that approximately 60% of the terns collected at Rock Island Dam were unlikely to have bred successfully at local (inland) sites, suggesting that terns foraging at dams come from an extensive area. Fatty acid biomarkers may provide accurate information about patterns of dispersal in animal populations and may be extremely valuable in cases where populations differ demonstrably in prey base. C1 [Maranto, Christina J.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parrish, Julia K.; Punt, Andre E.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Herman, David P.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brett, Michael T.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maranto, CJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmaranto@uw.edu RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Chelan County Public Utility District FX Work was performed under University of Washington Institutional Animal Care Use Committee protocol (2994-08) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collection permits (MB0-086121 and MB 827457-0). Funding was provided by a contract from Chelan County Public Utility District to J.K.P. We thank E. Donelan, M. Krahn, D. Brown, C. Sloan, R. Boyer, and R. Pearce for help with project implementation. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 736 EP 746 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01706.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 794NT UT WOS:000292907500010 PM 21771078 ER PT J AU Austin, JD Jelks, HL Tate, B Johnson, AR Jordan, F AF Austin, James D. Jelks, Howard L. Tate, Bill Johnson, Aria R. Jordan, Frank TI Population genetic structure and conservation genetics of threatened Okaloosa darters (Etheostoma okaloosae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; Bayesian cluster analysis; Distinct population segments; Endangered; Evolutionary significant units; Phylogeography ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PERCIDAE; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; TELEOSTEI; ABUNDANCE; SOFTWARE; UTILITY; NUMBER AB Imperiled Okaloosa darters (Etheostoma okaloosae) are small, benthic fish limited to six streams that flow into three bayous of Choctawhatchee Bay in northwest Florida, USA. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci for 255 and 273 Okaloosa darters, respectively. Bayesian clustering analyses and AMOVA reflect congruent population genetic structure in both mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. This structure reveals historical isolation of Okaloosa darter streams nested within bayous. Most of the six streams appear to have exchanged migrants though they remain genetically distinct. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently reclassified Okaloosa darters from endangered to threatened status. Our genetic data support the reclassification of Okaloosa darter Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) in the larger Tom's, Turkey, and Rocky creeks from endangered to threatened status. However, the three smaller drainages (Mill, Swift, and Turkey Bolton creeks) remain at risk due to their small population sizes and anthropogenic pressures on remaining habitat. Natural resource managers now have the evolutionary information to guide recovery actions within and among drainages throughout the range of the Okaloosa darter. C1 [Austin, James D.; Johnson, Aria R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Tate, Bill] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson Guard Nat Resources Facil, Eglin AF Base, Niceville, FL 32578 USA. [Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Austin, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM austinj@ufl.edu; hjelks@usgs.gov; Bill_Tate@fws.gov; jordan@loyno.edu OI Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; U.S. Department of Defense FX We thank B. Garner for her assistance with genotyping. L. Jelks greatly improved the readability of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Nongame Grant Program and the U.S. Department of Defense. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0201-5 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 794FL UT WOS:000292880800010 ER PT J AU Janssen, EML Thompson, JK Luoma, SN Luthy, RG AF Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L. Thompson, Janet K. Luoma, Samuel N. Luthy, Richard G. TI PCB-INDUCED CHANGES OF A BENTHIC COMMUNITY AND EXPECTED ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY FOLLOWING IN SITU SORBENT AMENDMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Functional ecology; Bioavailability; Sediment remediation; Biodynamic modeling; Benthic community ID POLYCHAETE NEANTHES-ARENACEODENTATA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ACTIVATED CARBON AMENDMENT; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; MACOMA-BALTHICA; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; MARINE SEDIMENT; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BIOACCUMULATION; CALIFORNIA AB The benthic community was analyzed to evaluate pollution-induced changes for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated site at Hunters Point (HP) relative to 30 reference sites in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. An analysis based on functional traits of feeding, reproduction, and position in the sediment shows that HP is depauperate in deposit feeders, subsurface carnivores, and species with no protective barrier. Sediment chemistry analysis shows that PCBs are the major risk drivers at HP (1,570 ppb) and that the reference sites contain very low levels of PCB contamination (9 ppb). Different feeding traits support the existence of direct pathways of exposure, which can be mechanistically linked to PCB bioaccumulation by biodynamic modeling. The model shows that the deposit feeder Neanthes arenaceodentata accumulates approximately 20 times more PCBs in its lipids than the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica and up to 130 times more than the filter feeder Mytilus edulis. The comparison of different exposure scenarios suggests that PCB tissue concentrations at HP are two orders of magnitude higher than at the reference sites. At full scale, in situ sorbent amendment with activated carbon may reduce PCB bioaccumulation at HP by up to 85 to 90% under favorable field and treatment conditions. The modeling framework further demonstrates that such expected remedial success corresponds to exposure conditions suggested as the cleanup goal for HP. However, concentrations remain slightly higher than at the reference sites. The present study demonstrates how the remedial success of a sorbent amendment, which lowers the PCB availability, can be compared to reference conditions and traditional cleanup goals, which are commonly based on bulk sediment concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1819-1826. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L.; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thompson, Janet K.; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM luthy@stanford.edu RI Janssen, Elisabeth/K-4246-2012 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1552]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Project funding was provided through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, ER-1552) and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1002/etc.574 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 796OH UT WOS:000293060900011 PM 21560148 ER PT J AU Grilo, C Ascensao, F Santos-Reis, M Bissonette, JA AF Grilo, Clara Ascensao, Fernando Santos-Reis, Margarida Bissonette, John A. TI Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality? SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carnivores; Stone marten; Habitat fragmentation; Hierarchical partitioning; Montado; Roadkill ID FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; STONE MARTENS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PATCH CONNECTIVITY; NORTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL SPAIN; HABITAT; POPULATIONS AB Cost surface (CS) models have emerged as a useful tool to examine the interactions between landscapes patterns and wildlife at large-scale extents. This approach is particularly relevant to guide conservation planning for species that show vulnerability to road networks in human-dominated landscapes. In this study, we measured the functional connectivity of the landscape in southern Portugal and examined how it may be related to stone marten road mortality risk. We addressed three questions: (1) How different levels of landscape connectivity influence stone marten occurrence in montado patches? (2) Is there any relation between montado patches connectivity and stone marten road mortality risk? (3) If so, which road-related features might be responsible for the species' high road mortality? We developed a series of connectivity models using CS scenarios with different resistance values given to each vegetation cover type to reflect different resistance to species movement. Our models showed that the likelihood of occurrence of stone marten decreased with distance to source areas, meaning continuous montado. Open areas and riparian areas within open area matrices entailed increased costs. We found higher stone marten mortality on roads in well-connected areas. Road sinuosity was an important factor influencing the mortality in those areas. This result challenges the way that connectivity and its relation to mortality has been generally regarded. Clearly, landscape connectivity and road-related mortality are not independent. C1 [Grilo, Clara; Ascensao, Fernando; Santos-Reis, Margarida] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias C2 5, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Grilo, Clara] EBD CSIC, Dept Biol Conservac, Seville 41092, Spain. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Grilo, C (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias C2 5, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cbgrilo@fc.ul.pt RI marcos, filipa/G-7133-2011; Santos-Reis, Margarida/H-4064-2011; Grilo, Clara/H-2002-2012; Ascensao, Fernando/G-1513-2014; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; OI Grilo, Clara/0000-0001-9870-3115; Ascensao, Fernando/0000-0003-1704-0212; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Santos-Reis, Margarida/0000-0002-0337-963X FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [POCTI/MGS/47435/2002, SFRH/BD/10600/2002, SFRH/BD/38053/2007]; Brisa Auto-Estradas de Portugal FX Funds for this study were provided by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) under the project POCTI/MGS/47435/2002. Additional funding was provided by Brisa Auto-Estradas de Portugal S.A. C. Grilo and F. Ascensao were supported by FCT Ph.D. grants (SFRH/BD/10600/2002 and SFRH/BD/38053/2007, respectively). We would like to thank Marta Cruz for the field assistance and also Carla Baltazar, Luis Gomes, Clara Silva, Marco Lusquinos, Joao Rosario, and many other volunteers who helped with the road monitoring. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1007/s10344-010-0478-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794WR UT WOS:000292932500002 ER PT J AU Rolland, V Hostetler, JA Hines, TC Percival, HF Oli, MK AF Rolland, Virginie Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Hines, Tommy C. Percival, H. Franklin Oli, Madan K. TI Factors influencing reproductive performance of northern bobwhite in South Florida SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Burning; Colinus virginianus; Hatchability; Male participation; Nest survival; Weather conditions ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; LIFE-HISTORY VARIABLES; NEST SURVIVAL; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BREEDING SUCCESS; MATING SYSTEMS; CLUTCH-SIZE; SENSITIVITY; SELECTION; PATTERNS AB Reproductive success is a critical component of individual fitness, and also an important determinant of growth rates of populations characterized by early maturity and high fecundity. We used radiotelemetry data collected during 2003-2008 to estimate reproductive parameters in a declining northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population in South Florida, and to test hypotheses regarding factors influencing these parameters. The overall clutch size was 12.10 +/- 0.22, but females laid more eggs in their first clutch (12.43 +/- 0.24) than in subsequent clutches (10.19 +/- 0.53) within a nesting season. Daily nest survival was higher for first (0.966 +/- 0.003) than subsequent nests (0.936 +/- 0.011). Hatchability (proportion of laid eggs that hatched conditional upon nest survival to hatching) was 0.853 +/- 0.008, but was higher for nests incubated by females (0.873 +/- 0.009) than those incubated by males (0.798 +/- 0.018). The proportion of individuals attempting a second nest was 0.112 +/- 0.024 and 0.281 +/- 0.040 when the first nest was successful and failed, respectively. Hatchability was lower when the nesting habitat was burned the previous winter. We found no evidence that food strip density (a management practice to provide supplemental food) influenced any of the reproductive parameters. Mean summer temperature affected hatchability, nest survival, and proportion of nests incubated by males. Overall, the reproductive output in our study population was lower than that reported for most other bobwhite populations, indicating that low reproductive performance may have contributed to bobwhite population declines in our study site. These results suggest that current management practices, particularly those related to habitat and harvest management, need careful evaluation. C1 [Rolland, Virginie; Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rolland, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife & Ecol Conservat, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM vrolland@ufl.edu RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida FX We thank R. Dimmick for leading field data collection efforts, and S. & A. Brinkley, G. Coker, D. Caudill, D. Holt, J. McGrady, J. Sloane, and J. Scott for their significant contribution to data collection. We are grateful to the many volunteers from the Southwest Florida Chapter of Quail Unlimited who aided the research in many ways. We acknowledge T. O'Meara, J. Martin and D. Eggeman and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. Research was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4642 EI 1439-0574 J9 EUR J WILDLIFE RES JI Eur. J. Wildl. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1007/s10344-010-0479-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794WR UT WOS:000292932500003 ER PT J AU Herring, G Ackerman, JT AF Herring, Garth Ackerman, Joshua T. TI California gull chicks raised near colony edges have elevated stress levels SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California gull; Colonial nesting; Corticosterone; Fecal metabolites; Fecal steroids; Nest location ID FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID METABOLITES; PARENTAL AGE; CORTICOSTERONE METABOLITES; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; BODY CONDITION; BIRDS; KITTIWAKE; DROPPINGS AB Coloniality in nesting birds represents an important life history strategy for maximizing reproductive success. Birds nesting near the edge of colonies tend to have lower reproductive success than individuals nesting near colony centers, and offspring of edge-nesting parents may be impaired relative to those of central-nesting parents. We used fecal corticosterone metabolites in California gull chicks (Larus californicus) to examine whether colony size or location within the colony influenced a chick's physiological condition. We found that chicks being raised near colony edges had higher fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations than chicks raised near colony centers, but that colony size (ranging from 150 to 11,554 nests) had no influence on fecal corticosterone levels. Fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations also increased with chick age. Our results suggest that similarly aged California gull chicks raised near colony edges may be more physiologically stressed, as indicated by corticosterone metabolites, than chicks raised near colony centers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Herring, Garth] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey. We appreciate the logistical support and cooperation of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory. All birds were captured and banded under US Fish and Wildlife Service banding permits, California Department of Fish and Game collection permits, and under the guidelines of the US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank C. Schacter, M. Herzog, S. Peterson, and E. Robertson for field assistance. J. Stott and M. Blanchard provided access to a plate reader and valuable advice on running EIA plates. M. Herzog provided valuable statistical advice. L. Bowen and C. Strong provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.029 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 793GK UT WOS:000292808200011 PM 21596043 ER PT J AU Emmenegger, EJ Kentop, E Thompson, TM Pittam, S Ryan, A Keon, D Carlino, JA Ranson, J Life, RB Troyer, RM Garver, KA Kurath, G AF Emmenegger, E. J. Kentop, E. Thompson, T. M. Pittam, S. Ryan, A. Keon, D. Carlino, J. A. Ranson, J. Life, R. B. Troyer, R. M. Garver, K. A. Kurath, G. TI Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE database; fish; infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus; pathogen; spring viraemia of carp virus; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; SPRING-VIREMIA; CARP-VIRUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; LAKE-ONTARIO; COMMON CARP; SEQUENCE DATABASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; 1ST REPORT AB The AquaPathogen X database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for down-load (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). This database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e. g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e. g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). The cataloguing of isolates from different aquatic pathogens simultaneously is a unique feature to the AquaPathogen X database, which can be used in surveillance of emerging aquatic animal diseases and elucidation of key risk factors associated with pathogen incursions into new water systems. An application of the template database that stores the epidemiological profiles of fish virus isolates, called Fish ViroTrak, was also developed. Exported records for two aquatic rhabdovirus species emerging in North America were used in the implementation of two separate web-accessible databases: the Molecular Epidemiology of Aquatic Pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (MEAP-IHNV) database (http://gis.nacse.org/ihnv/) released in 2006 and the MEAP-viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (http://gis.nacse.org/vhsv/) database released in 2010. C1 [Emmenegger, E. J.; Thompson, T. M.; Ranson, J.; Life, R. B.; Kurath, G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Kentop, E.] Oasis Grp, Shoreline, WA USA. [Pittam, S.; Ryan, A.; Keon, D.] Oregon State Univ, NW Alliance Computat Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carlino, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Troyer, R. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garver, K. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU USDA; Great Lakes Fisheries Trust; USGS FX Funding support for the development of the database was from the USDA Critical Issues Program, Great Lakes Fisheries Trust and the USGS National Biological Information and Infrastructure (NBII) Program. We thank Robin Salling and Mary Dunning for their IT support and championing of the database public relations, Debra Becker for her efforts in designing the new WFRC website and inclusion of the template database download feature, and Dr Jim Winton's nomination of our product as one of USGS's best database tools for 2010. Many thanks to all fish health agencies that provided virus isolates and data for IHNV, VHSV and SVCV: the database would not exist without your contributions. Any use of trade, product or corporate names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 34 IS 8 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 794AL UT WOS:000292865900002 PM 21762169 ER PT J AU Ammayappan, A Kurath, G Thompson, TM Vakharia, VN AF Ammayappan, Arun Kurath, Gael Thompson, Tarin M. Vakharia, Vikram N. TI A Reverse Genetics System for the Great Lakes Strain of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus: the NV Gene is Required for Pathogenicity SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; Reverse genetics; Synthetic biology; Pathogenesis; Yellow perch; Non-virion gene ID HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUSES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SNAKEHEAD RHABDOVIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; VACCINIA-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; FOREIGN GENE; CLONED CDNA; PROTEIN AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus in the family of Rhabdoviridae, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP), and another recombinant was made by inserting the EGFP gene into the full-length viral clone between the P and M genes (rVHSV-EGFP). The in vitro replication kinetics of rVHSV-EGFP was similar to rVHSV; however, the rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP grew 2 logs lower. In yellow perch challenges, wtVHSV and rVHSV induced 82-100% cumulative per cent mortality (CPM), respectively, whereas rVHSV-EGFP produced 62% CPM and rVHSV-Delta NV-EGFP caused only 15% CPM. No reversion of mutation was detected in the recovered viruses and the recombinant viruses stably maintained the foreign gene after several passages. These results indicate that the NV gene of VHSV is not essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but it plays an important role in viral replication efficiency and pathogenicity. This system will facilitate studies of VHSV replication, virulence, and production of viral vectored vaccines. C1 [Ammayappan, Arun; Vakharia, Vikram N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Kurath, Gael; Thompson, Tarin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vakharia, VN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM vakharia@umbi.umd.edu NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 SI SI BP 672 EP 683 DI 10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 794YZ UT WOS:000292939100008 PM 20936318 ER PT J AU Jacobson, RB Janke, TP Skold, JJ AF Jacobson, Robert B. Janke, Tyler P. Skold, Jason J. TI Hydrologic and geomorphic considerations in restoration of river-floodplain connectivity in a highly altered river system, Lower Missouri River, USA SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetland restoration; Fluvial geomorphology; Flow regime; Dams; Cottonwoods ID ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; REGULATED RIVERS; WATER MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME; RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; WETLANDS; EXAMPLE AB Planning for restoration of river-floodplain systems requires understanding how often and how much of a floodplain may be inundated, and how likely the floodplain is to retain the water once flooded. These factors depend fundamentally on hydrology and geomorphology of the channel and floodplain. We discuss application of an index of river-floodplain connectivity, the Land Capability Potential Index (LCPI), to regional-scale restoration planning along 600 km of the Lower Missouri River. The LCPI integrates modeled water-surface elevations, floodplain topography, and soils to index relative wetness of floodplain patches. Geomorphic adjustment of the Lower Missouri River to impoundment and channel engineering has altered the natural relations among hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain soils, and has resulted in a regional upstream to downstream gradient in connectivity potential. As a result, flow-regime management is limited in its capacity to restore floodplain ecosystems. The LCPI provides a tool for identifying and mapping floodplain restoration potential, accounting for the geomorphic adjustment. Using simple criteria, we illustrate the utility of LCPI-like approaches in regional planning for restoration of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides) communities, hydrologically connected floodplain wetlands, and seasonal floodplain wetlands. C1 [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Janke, Tyler P.; Skold, Jason J.] Nature Conservancy, Missouri River Program, Omaha, NE USA. RP Jacobson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM rjacobson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program; The Nature Conservancy Missouri River Program; U.S. Geological Survey; The Nature Conservancy FX Data used in this manuscript were compiled using a funding partnership that includes the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program, and The Nature Conservancy Missouri River Program. Funding for analysis and writing was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and The Nature Conservancy. NR 81 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 19 IS 4 BP 295 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s11273-011-9217-3 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 794YR UT WOS:000292938100001 ER PT J AU Zweig, CL Reichert, BE Kitchens, WM AF Zweig, C. L. Reichert, B. E. Kitchens, W. M. TI Implications of discontinuous elevation gradients on fragmentation and restoration in patterned wetlands SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE elevation; Everglades; fragmentation; FRAGSTATS; LANDSAT; restoration AB Large wetlands around the world face the possibility of degradation, not only from complete conversion, but also from subtle changes in their structure and function. While fragmentation and isolation of wetlands within heterogeneous landscapes has received much attention, the disruption of spatial patterns/processes within large wetland systems and the resulting fragmentation of community components are less well documented. A greater understanding of pattern/process relationships and landscape gradients, and what occurs when they are altered, could help avoid undesirable consequences of restoration actions. The objective of this study is to determine the amount of fragmentation of sawgrass ridges due to artificial impoundment of water and how that may be differentially affected by spatial position relative to north and south levees. We also introduce groundbreaking evidence of landscape-level discontinuous elevation gradients within WCA3AS by comparing generalized linear and generalized additive models. These relatively abrupt breaks in elevation may have non-linear effects on hydrology and vegetation communities and would be crucial in restoration considerations. Modeling suggests there are abrupt breaks in elevation as a function of northing (Y-coordinate). Fragmentation indices indicate that fragmentation is a function of elevation and easting (X-coordinate), and that fragmentation has increased from 1988-2002. When landscapes change and the changes are compounded by non-linear landscape variables that are described herein, the maintenance processes change with them, creating a degraded feedback loop that alters the system's response to structuring variables and diminishes our ability to predict the effects of restoration projects or climate change. Only when these landscape variables and linkages are clearly defined can we predict the response to potential perturbations and apply the knowledge to other landscape-level wetland systems in need of future restoration. C1 [Zweig, C. L.; Reichert, B. E.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kitchens, W. M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zweig, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM czweig@ufl.edu FU U.S. Corps of Engineers FX This project was funded by the U.S. Corps of Engineers. We would like to thank the following people for their input: Matt Burgess and Hardin Waddle. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2011 VL 2 IS 8 AR UNSP 98 DI 10.1890/ES11-00119.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IY UT WOS:000208810900012 ER PT J AU Picotte, JJ Robertson, K AF Picotte, Joshua J. Robertson, Kevin TI Timing Constraints on Remote Sensing of Wildland Fire Burned Area in the Southeastern US SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Apalachicola National Forest; burn severity; cloud cover; depression swamp; differenced normalized burn ratio; dNBR; NBR; normalized burn ratio; prescribed fire; wet flatwoods ID SEVERITY AB Remote sensing using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery is increasingly used for mapping wildland fire burned area and burn severity, owing to its frequency of collection, relatively high resolution, and availability free of charge. However, rapid response of vegetation following fire and frequent cloud cover pose challenges to this approach in the southeastern US. We assessed these timing constraints by using a series of Landsat TM images to determine how rapidly the remotely sensed burn scar signature fades following prescribed burns in wet flatwoods and depression swamp community types in the Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, USA during 2006. We used both the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) of reflectance bands sensitive to vegetation and exposed soil cover, as well as the change in NBR from before to after fire (dNBR), to estimate burned area. We also determined the average and maximum amount of time following fire required to obtain a cloud-free image for burns in each month of the year, as well as the predicted effect of this time lag on percent accuracy of burn scar estimates. Using both NBR and dNBR, the detectable area decreased linearly 9% per month on average over the first four months following fire. Our findings suggest that the NBR and dNBR methods for monitoring burned area in common southeastern US vegetation community types are limited to an average of 78-90% accuracy among months of the year, with individual burns having values as low as 38%, if restricted to use of Landsat 5 TM imagery. However, the majority of burns can still be mapped at accuracies similar to those in other regions of the US, and access to additional sources of satellite imagery would improve overall accuracy. C1 [Picotte, Joshua J.] USGS, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Robertson, Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn & Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. RP Picotte, JJ (reprint author), USGS, ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jpicotte@usgs.gov; krobertson@ttrs.org FU Joint Fires Science Program Project [06-2-1-31]; National Parks Service Cooperative Agreement [H5023-10-0001]; USGS [G08PC91508]; USDA Forest Service; Apalachicola National Forest; Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy FX This project was supported by Joint Fires Science Program Project # 06-2-1-31, National Parks Service Cooperative Agreement H5023-10-0001, USGS contract G08PC91508, the USDA Forest Service, Apalachicola National Forest, and Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. We thank Caroline Noble, David Brownlie, and Bruce Davenport for instrumental assistance in the initiating the project, Nate Benson, Don Ohlen, Joe Noble, and Theron Terhune for essential technical support, and Carl Key and Steve Howard for their assistance in revising this manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments substantially improved the paper. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1680 EP 1690 DI 10.3390/rs3081680 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978NZ UT WOS:000306751500009 ER PT J AU Hartig, JH Zarull, MA Cook, A AF Hartig, J. H. Zarull, M. A. Cook, A. TI Soft shoreline engineering survey of ecological effectiveness SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Shoreline engineering; Habitat; Ecological benefits ID DESIGN AB Historically, many urban waterfront shorelines were stabilized using hard shoreline engineering to protect developments from flooding and erosion, or to accommodate commercial navigation or industry. Today, there is growing interest in developing shorelines using ecological principles and practices that enhance habitat and improve aesthetics, while at the same time reducing erosion, providing stability, and ensuring shoreline safety (i.e., soft shoreline engineering). In 2008-2009, a survey of 38 soft shoreline engineering projects in the Detroit River-western Lake Erie watershed was conducted. In total, $17.3 million (combined U.S. and Canadian currency) was spent on these projects. Of the 38 projects implemented, six (16%) had some quantitative assessment of ecological effectiveness, while the remaining 32 lacked monitoring or only had qualitative assessment through visual inspection. Key lessons learned include: involve habitat experts at the initial stages of waterfront planning; establish broad-based goals with quantitative targets to measure project success; ensure multidisciplinary project support; start with demonstration projects and attract partners; treat habitat modification projects as experiments that promote learning; involve citizen scientists, volunteers, and universities in monitoring, and obtain post-project monitoring commitments up front in project planning; measure benefits and communicate successes; and promote education and outreach, including public events that showcase results and communicate benefits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hartig, J. H.; Cook, A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. [Zarull, M. A.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Water Sci & Technol, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Hartig, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM john_hartig@fws.gov; Michael.Zarull@ec.gc.ca; anna_cook@fws.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.02.006 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 788GW UT WOS:000292434400016 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Bennion, V Grinham, A Cahoon, DR AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Bennion, Vicki Grinham, Alistair Cahoon, Donald R. TI The Role of Surface and Subsurface Processes in Keeping Pace with Sea Level Rise in Intertidal Wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Avicennia marina; rod surface elevation tables; sedimentation; subsidence; Brisbane; South East Queensland ID MANGROVE FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSH; ELEVATION; PEAT; SEDIMENT; GROUNDWATER; SUBSIDENCE; MORTALITY; SERVICES AB Increases in the elevation of the soil surfaces of mangroves and salt marshes are key to the maintenance of these habitats with accelerating sea level rise. Understanding the processes that give rise to increases in soil surface elevation provides science for management of landscapes for sustainable coastal wetlands. Here, we tested whether the soil surface elevation of mangroves and salt marshes in Moreton Bay is keeping up with local rates of sea level rise (2.358 mm y(-1)) and whether accretion on the soil surface was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise. We found variability in surface elevation gains, with sandy areas in the eastern bay having the highest surface elevation gains in both mangrove and salt marsh (5.9 and 1.9 mm y(-1)) whereas in the muddier western bay rates of surface elevation gain were lower (1.4 and -0.3 mm y(-1) in mangrove and salt marsh, respectively). Both sides of the bay had similar rates of surface accretion (similar to 7-9 mm y(-1) in the mangrove and 1-3 mm y(-1) in the salt marsh), but mangrove soils in the western bay were subsiding at a rate of approximately 8 mm y(-1), possibly due to compaction of organic sediments. Over the study surface elevation increments were sensitive to position in the intertidal zone (higher when lower in the intertidal) and also to variation in mean sea level (higher at high sea level). Although surface accretion was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise in the eastern bay, subsidence largely negated gains made through surface accretion in the western bay indicating a high vulnerability to sea level rise in these forests. C1 [Lovelock, Catherine E.; Bennion, Vicki] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Grinham, Alistair] Univ Queensland, Sch Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cahoon, Donald R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012 OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 BP 745 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793IM UT WOS:000292813800006 ER PT J AU Galkiewicz, JP Pratte, ZA Gray, MA Kellogg, CA AF Galkiewicz, Julia P. Pratte, Zoe A. Gray, Michael A. Kellogg, Christina A. TI Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral; deep sea; cold water; bacteria; Lophelia ID PATHOGEN VIBRIO-CORALLIILYTICUS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; DEEP; COMMUNITIES; SEA; DIVERSITY; SURFACE; REEFS; SCLERACTINIA; MANAGEMENT AB Microorganisms associated with corals are hypothesized to contribute to the function of the host animal by cycling nutrients, breaking down carbon sources, fixing nitrogen, and producing antibiotics. This is the first study to culture and characterize bacteria from Lophelia pertusa, a cold-water coral found in the deep sea, in an effort to understand the roles that the microorganisms play in the coral microbial community. Two sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico were sampled over 2 years. Bacteria were cultured from coral tissue, skeleton, and mucus, identified by 16S rRNA genes, and subjected to biochemical testing. Most isolates were members of the Gammaproteobacteria, although there was one isolate each from the Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Phylogenetic results showed that both sampling sites shared closely related isolates (e.g. Pseudoalteromonas spp.), indicating possible temporally and geographically stable bacterial-coral associations. The Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test was used to separate bacteria to the strain level, with the results showing that isolates that were phylogenetically tightly grouped had varying responses to antibiotics. These results support the conclusion that phylogenetic placement cannot predict strain-level differences and further highlight the need for culture-based experiments to supplement culture-independent studies. C1 [Gray, Michael A.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Pratte, Zoe A.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. [Galkiewicz, Julia P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455 FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (formerly Minerals Management Service); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystem Program and was sponsored and facilitated by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (formerly Minerals Management Service). We appreciate the patience and assistance of the rest of the USGS DISCOVRE team in the collection of these critical samples. Thanks are also due to the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, the captain and crew of the R/V Seward Johnson, and especially the pilots and technicians of the submersible Johnson-Sea-Link, without whom this research could not have been conducted. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 2 BP 333 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01115.x PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 790RX UT WOS:000292608000010 PM 21507025 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Erikson, LH Kvitek, RG AF Barnard, Patrick L. Erikson, Li H. Kvitek, Rikk G. TI Small-scale sediment transport patterns and bedform morphodynamics: new insights from high-resolution multibeam bathymetry SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DANISH WADDEN SEA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; 3-DIMENSIONAL DUNES; DUMPED SEDIMENTS; INLET CHANNEL; WESER ESTUARY; GERMAN BIGHT; NORTH-SEA; FLOW; MODEL AB New multibeam echosounder and processing technologies yield sub-meter-scale bathymetric resolution, revealing striking details of bedform morphology that are shaped by complex boundary-layer flow dynamics at a range of spatial and temporal scales. An inertially aided post processed kinematic (IAPPK) technique generates a smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) solution to tie the vessel motion-related effects of each sounding directly to the ellipsoid, significantly reducing artifacts commonly found in multibeam data, increasing point density, and sharpening seafloor features. The new technique was applied to a large bedform field in 20-30 m water depths in central San Francisco Bay, California (USA), revealing bedforms that suggest boundary-layer flow deflection by the crests where 12-m-wavelength, 0.2-m-amplitude bedforms are superimposed on 60-m-wavelength, 1-m-amplitude bedforms, with crests that often were strongly oblique (approaching 90A degrees) to the larger features on the lee side, and near-parallel on the stoss side. During one survey in April 2008, superimposed bedform crests were continuous between the crests of the larger features, indicating that flow detachment in the lee of the larger bedforms is not always a dominant process. Assessment of bedform crest peakedness, asymmetry, and small-scale bedform evolution between surveys indicates the impact of different flow regimes on the entire bedform field. This paper presents unique fine-scale imagery of compound and superimposed bedforms, which is used to (1) assess the physical forcing and evolution of a bedform field in San Francisco Bay, and (2) in conjunction with numerical modeling, gain a better fundamental understanding of boundary-layer flow dynamics that result in the observed superimposed bedform orientation. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kvitek, Rikk G.] Calif State Univ, Seafloor Mapping Lab, Inst Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission for funding this research. Gary Greene and Verner Ernstsen provided excellent reviews. In addition, Dr. Ernstsen suggested other plausible explanations for the observed bedform orientations, which were incorporated in the text. Daniel Hoover, Jonathan Warrick and Dave Rubin provided helpful internal reviews. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s00367-011-0227-1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 793MZ UT WOS:000292828800002 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Kelley, JT Belknap, DF Barnhardt, WA Andrews, BD Maynard, ML AF Brothers, Laura L. Kelley, Joseph T. Belknap, Daniel F. Barnhardt, Walter A. Andrews, Brian D. Maynard, Melissa Landon TI More than a century of bathymetric observations and present-day shallow sediment characterization in Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: implications for pockmark field longevity SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPPER MONTEREY CANYON; SEA-FLOOR POCKMARKS; SCOTIAN SHELF; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MULTIBEAM SONAR; RIVER ESTUARY; WESTERN GULF; LEVEL CHANGE; GAS AB Mechanisms and timescales responsible for pockmark formation and maintenance remain uncertain, especially in areas lacking extensive thermogenic fluid deposits (e.g., previously glaciated estuaries). This study characterizes seafloor activity in the Belfast Bay, Maine nearshore pockmark field using (1) three swath bathymetry datasets collected between 1999 and 2008, complemented by analyses of shallow box-core samples for radionuclide activity and undrained shear strength, and (2) historical bathymetric data (report and smooth sheets from 1872, 1947, 1948). In addition, because repeat swath bathymetry surveys are an emerging data source, we present a selected literature review of recent studies using such datasets for seafloor change analysis. This study is the first to apply the method to a pockmark field, and characterizes macro-scale (> 5 m) evolution of tens of square kilometers of highly irregular seafloor. Presence/absence analysis yielded no change in pockmark frequency or distribution over a 9-year period (1999-2008). In that time pockmarks did not detectably enlarge, truncate, elongate, or combine. Historical data indicate that pockmark chains already existed in the 19th century. Despite the lack of macroscopic changes in the field, near-bed undrained shear-strength values of less than 7 kPa and scattered downcore (137)Cs signatures indicate a highly disturbed setting. Integrating these findings with independent geophysical and geochemical observations made in the pockmark field, it can be concluded that (1) large-scale sediment resuspension and dispersion related to pockmark formation and failure do not occur frequently within this field, and (2) pockmarks can persevere in a dynamic estuarine setting that exhibits minimal modern fluid venting. Although pockmarks are conventionally thought to be long-lived features maintained by a combination of fluid venting and minimal sediment accumulation, this suggests that other mechanisms may be equally active in maintaining such irregular seafloor morphology. One such mechanism could be upwelling within pockmarks induced by near-bed currents. C1 [Brothers, Laura L.; Barnhardt, Walter A.; Andrews, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kelley, Joseph T.; Belknap, Daniel F.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Maynard, Melissa Landon] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov OI Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU Maine Economic Improvement Fund FX Graduate support for Brothers came from a Maine Economic Improvement Fund Dissertation Fellowship. Thomas Hess, and the University of Maine Honors College provided gamma counts. We thank Don J. Degroot for use of facilities at the University of Massachusetts Geotechnical Laboratory. This work would not have been possible without the technical and analytical skills of Emile Bergeron, Bill Danforth, Barry Irwin, and Chuck Worley. We are grateful to Captain Randy Flood and the crew of the R/V Argo, Robin Arnold, Adriane Boscardin, Doug Cahl, Bob Johnson, Randall Perry, and Ashley Stinson for field and lab assistance. Reidulv Boe, Bill Schwab, Daniel Brothers, and editors Burg Flemming and Monique Delafontaine generously provided helpful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00367-011-0228-0 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 793MZ UT WOS:000292828800003 ER PT J AU Jarboe, NA Coe, RS Glen, JMG AF Jarboe, Nicholas A. Coe, Robert S. Glen, Jonathan M. G. TI Evidence from lava flows for complex polarity transitions: the new composite Steens Mountain reversal record SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Palaeomagnetism applied to tectonics; North America; Reversals: process, time, scale, magnetostratigraphy ID SIMULATED GEOMAGNETIC REVERSALS; PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS; MANTLE DYNAMICS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; CANARY-ISLANDS; EASTERN OREGON; FLOOD BASALTS; FIELD; MODELS; PATHS AB Geomagnetic polarity transitions may be significantly more complex than are currently depicted in many sedimentary and lava-flow records. By splicing together paleomagnetic results from earlier studies at Steens Mountain with those from three newly studied sections of Oregon Plateau flood basalts at Catlow Peak and Poker Jim Ridge 70-90 km to the southeast and west, respectively, we provide support for this interpretation with the most detailed account of a magnetic field reversal yet observed in volcanic rocks. Forty-five new distinguishable transitional (T) directions together with 30 earlier ones reveal a much more complex and detailed record of the 16.7 Ma reversed (R)-to-normal (N) polarity transition that marks the end of Chron C5Cr. Compared to the earlier R-T-N-T-N reversal record, the new record can be described as R-T-N-T-N-T-R-T-N. The composite record confirms earlier features, adds new west and up directions and an entire large N-T-R-T segment to the path, and fills in directions on the path between earlier directional jumps. Persistent virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) clusters and separate VGPs have a preference for previously described longitudinal bands from transition study compilations, which suggests the presence of features at the core-mantle boundary that influence the flow of core fluid and distribution of magnetic flux. Overall the record is consistent with the generalization that VGP paths vary greatly from reversal to reversal and depend on the location of the observer. Rates of secular variation confirm that the flows comprising these sections were erupted rapidly, with maximum rates estimated to be 85-120 m ka(-1) at Catlow and 130-195 m ka(-1) at Poker Jim South. Paleomagnetic poles from other studies are combined with 32 non-transitional poles found here to give a clockwise rotation of the Oregon Plateau of 11.4 degrees +/- 5.6 degrees with respect to the younger Columbia River Basalt Group flows to the north and 14.5 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees with respect to cratonic North America (95 per cent confidence interval). C1 [Jarboe, Nicholas A.; Coe, Robert S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jarboe, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM njarboe@gmail.com OI Jarboe, Nicholas/0000-0003-1465-9394 FU NSF [EAR-0310316, EAR-0711418] FX We thank Eli Morris and Walter Schillinger for paleomagnetic instrumentation and software support at UCSC. For highly competent field work assistance, we thank Mike Dueck, Bijan Hatami, Peter Lippert and Ariel Mendoza-Penate. A review of this paper and helpful comments were given by Pierre Camps, Andrew Roberts and James Gill. Discussions with Chris Pluhar on software, hardware and analytical procedures were helpful. This work was funded by NSF grants EAR-0310316 and EAR-0711418 to RSC and JMG and minigrants from the UCSC Committee on Research and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 186 IS 2 BP 580 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05086.x PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 792KG UT WOS:000292742700014 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Lowe, WH AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Lowe, Winsor H. TI Coexistence in streams: do source-sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Dicamptodon aterrimus; Genetics; Capture-mark-recapture; Salamander; Stable isotope ID SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; IDAHO GIANT SALAMANDER; DICAMPTODON-TENEBROSUS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; BREEDING SALAMANDER; MARKED ANIMALS; DISPERSAL; TROUT AB Theory suggests that source-sink dynamics can allow coexistence of intraguild predators and prey, but empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism is limited. We used capture-mark-recapture, genetic methods, and stable isotopes to test whether source-sink dynamics promote coexistence between stream fishes, the intraguild predator, and stream salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus), the intraguild prey. Salamander populations from upstream reaches without fish were predicted to maintain or supplement sink populations in downstream reaches with fish. We found instead that downstream reaches with fish were not sinks even though fish consumed salamander larvae-apparent survival, recruitment, and population growth rate did not differ between upstream and downstream reaches. There was also no difference between upstream and downstream reaches in net emigration. We did find that D. aterrimus moved frequently along streams, but believe that this is a response to seasonal habitat changes rather than intraguild predation. Our study provides empirical evidence that local-scale mechanisms are more important than dispersal dynamics to coexistence of streams salamanders and fish. More broadly, it shows the value of empirical data on dispersal and gene flow for distinguishing between local and spatial mechanisms of coexistence. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov; winsor.lowe@umontana.edu FU Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology; Charlotte Martin Foundation; Pacific Rivers Council; USGS Montana River Center; University of Montana FX This research was funded by grants from the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology, Charlotte Martin Foundation, the Pacific Rivers Council, USGS Montana River Center, and the University of Montana. We thank Peter Marra of the Smithsonian OUSS/MCI Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry Facility for assistance with sample analysis. We thank Jeff Bates and Joe Hanlon for assisting with fieldwork. This study and manuscript benefited from the comments of Jason Dunham, Evan Grant, Blake Hossack, Scott McArt, Scott Mills, Mike Schwartz, Art Woods, and Mike Young. We thank Shannon McCarthy and Jenny Tollefson for their support. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2011 VL 166 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1054 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793KG UT WOS:000292819800017 PM 21347800 ER PT J AU Evangelista, PH Kumar, S Stohlgren, TJ Young, NE AF Evangelista, Paul H. Kumar, Sunil Stohlgren, Thomas J. Young, Nicholas E. TI Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioclim; Climate change; Maxent; Niche models; Bark beetles; Rocky mountains ID BARK BEETLE; PONDEROSA PINE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; ENVELOPE MODELS; RANGE EXPANSION; OUTBREAKS; DYNAMICS AB The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ips pini). This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2 million km(2) and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species' ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Kumar, Sunil; Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Evangelista, PH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, A204 NESB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paulevan@nrel.colostate.edu RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 FU USDA Forest Service FX This work was partially supported by funding from the USDA Forest Service. We would like to thank Gregg DiNitto, Tony Cheng, Amy Randell, and Jim Graham for comments and consultation. We also thank the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University and the US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center for additional expertise and use of facilities. Finally, we thank the data contributors to the websites where we obtained bark beetle data and climate projections. To all we are grateful. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 67 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 3 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 788EP UT WOS:000292428500001 ER PT J AU Becker, DA Wood, PB Keyser, PD Wigley, TB Dellinger, R Weakland, CA AF Becker, Douglas A. Wood, Petra Bohall Keyser, Patrick D. Wigley, T. Bently Dellinger, Rachel Weakland, Cathy A. TI Threshold responses of songbirds to long-term timber management on an active industrial forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Timber management; Thresholds; Songbirds; Relative abundance trends ID BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; AVIAN NESTING SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; HARDWOOD FOREST; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; SPECIES RICHNESS; GROUP-SELECTION; CREATED GAPS; CONSERVATION AB Forest managers often seek to balance economic benefits from timber harvesting with maintenance of habitat for wildlife, ecosystem function, and human uses. Most research on the relationship between avian abundance and active timber management has been short-term, lasting one to two years, creating the need to investigate long-term avian responses and to identify harvest thresholds when a small change in habitat results in a disproportionate response in relative abundance and nest success. Our objectives were to identify trends in relative abundance and nest success and to identify landscape-scale disturbance thresholds for avian species and habitat guilds in response to a variety of harvest treatments (clear-cuts, heavy and light partial harvests) over 14 years. We conducted point counts and monitored nests at an industrial forest in the central Appalachians of West Virginia during 1996-1998, 2001-2003, and 2007-2009. Early successional species increased in relative abundance across all three time periods, whereas interior-edge and forest-interior guilds peaked in relative abundance mid-study after which the forest-interior guild declined. Of 41 species with >10 detections, four (10%) declined significantly, 13 (32%) increased significantly (only three species among all periods), and 9 (22%) peaked in abundance mid-study (over the entire study period, four species had no significant change in abundance, four declined, and one increased). Based on piecewise linear models, forest-interior and interior-edge guilds' relative abundance harvest thresholds were 28% total harvests (all harvests combined), 10% clear-cut harvests, and 18% light partial harvests, after which abundances declined. Harvest thresholds for the early successional guild were 42% total harvests, 11% clear-cut harvest, and 10% light partial harvests, and relative abundances increased after surpassing thresholds albeit at a reduced rate of increase after the clear-cut threshold. Threshold confidence intervals for individual species overlapped their guild threshold intervals 91% of the time. Even though relative abundance of most species (80%) did not decline as the area affected by timber management increased, implementing management at or below our approximate forest-interior and interior-edge harvest thresholds would reduce the number of declining species by half, maintain higher relative abundances of four species with a net decline in abundance but that peaked in abundance mid-study, and maintain higher relative abundances of ten additional species. In contrast, this management strategy also would prevent the increase in relative abundance of seven species and limit the increase in abundance of three species that increased throughout the study. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker, Douglas A.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Dellinger, Rachel] Lake Sumter Community Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Leesburg, FL 34788 USA. [Weakland, Cathy A.] Bethel Coll, Dept Life Sci, Mishawaka, IN 46545 USA. RP Becker, DA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dbecker1@mix.wvu.edu; pbwood@wvu.edu; pdkeyser@mail.ag.utk.edu; wigley@clemson.edu; DellingR@lscc.edu; weaklak@bethelcollege.edu RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Westvaco Corporation; Mead Westvaco Corporation FX We thank the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Westvaco Corporation, and Mead Westvaco Corporation for funding our research. Westvaco, Mead Westvaco, and Penn Virginia provided housing for researchers and access to the property. We thank the many field technicians who helped collect and enter data. J.T. Anderson, M.P. Strager, M.B. Shumar, and W.M. Ford provided helpful comments on this paper. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the Federal government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 3 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.011 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 788EP UT WOS:000292428500018 ER PT J AU McDermott, ME Wood, PB AF McDermott, Molly E. Wood, Petra Bohall TI Post-breeding bird responses to canopy tree retention, stand size, and edge in regenerating Appalachian hardwood stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clearcut; Early-successional; Edge; Mature forest birds; Post-breeding; Residual trees ID SHRUBLAND BIRDS; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; FORESTED LANDSCAPE; AREA-SENSITIVITY; TIMBER HARVESTS; NEST SUCCESS; CLEARCUTS; SONGBIRDS; ASSEMBLAGES; FRAGMENTS AB Avian use of even-aged timber harvests is likely affected by stand attributes such as size, amount of edge, and retained basal area, all characteristics that can easily be manipulated in timber harvesting plans. However, few studies have examined their effects during the post-breeding period. We studied the impacts of clearcut, low-leave two-age, and high-leave two-age harvesting on post-breeding birds using transect sampling and mist-netting in north-central West Virginia. In our approach, we studied the effects of these harvest types as well as stand size and edge on species characteristic of both early-successional and mature forest habitats. In 2005-2006, 13 stands ranging from 4 to 10 years post-harvest and 4-21 ha in size were sampled from late June through mid-August. Capture rates and relative abundance were similar among treatments for generalist birds. Early-successional birds had the lowest capture rates and fewer species (similar to 30% lower), and late-successional birds reached their highest abundance and species totals (double the other treatments) in high-leave two-age stands. Area sensitivity was evident for all breeding habitat groups. Both generalist and late-successional bird captures were negatively related to stand size, but these groups showed no clear edge effects. Mean relative abundance decreased to nearly zero for the latter group in the largest stands. In contrast, early-successional species tended to use stand interiors more often and responded positively to stand size. Capture rates for this group tripled as stand size increased from 4 to 21 ha. Few birds in the forest periphery responded to harvest edge types despite within-stand edge effects evident for several species. To create suitable habitat for early-successional birds, large, non-linear openings with a low retained basal area are ideal, while smaller harvests and increased residual tree retention would provide habitat for more late-successional birds post-breeding. Although our study has identified habitat use patterns for different species in timber harvests, understanding habitat-specific bird survival is needed to help determine the quality of silvicultural harvests for post-breeding birds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDermott, Molly E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP McDermott, ME (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mollyemcdermott@gmail.com; pbwood@wvu.edu RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 FU USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest FX This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest. The US Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit provided field vehicles, equipment access, and logistical support. West Virginia University, the USDA Forest Service, and P. Keyser also provided logistical support. We thank MeadWestvaco for allowing access to the Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest and USDA Forest Service for access to sites on the Monongahela National Forest. We are grateful to R. Gauza, K. Heyden, D. Hinnebusch, L. Koerner, P. McElhone, J. Rehar, E. Stolarski, M. Shumar, J. Walker, and T. Weidman for help in the field. Thanks to J. Herron for allowing us to work under his banding permit. J. Anderson, C. Johnson, P. McElhone, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 262 IS 3 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 788EP UT WOS:000292428500027 ER PT J AU Dolph, CL Huff, DD Chizinski, CJ Vondracek, B AF Dolph, Christine L. Huff, David D. Chizinski, Christopher J. Vondracek, Bruce TI Implications of community concordance for assessing stream integrity at three nested spatial scales in Minnesota, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; fish; macroinvertebrates; procrustes; RIVPACS ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CROSS-TAXON CONGRUENCE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER HEALTH; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB 1. Fish and invertebrate assemblage data collected from 670 stream sites in Minnesota (U.S.A.) were used to calculate concordance across three nested spatial scales (statewide, ecoregion and catchment). Predictive taxa richness models, calibrated using the same data, were used to evaluate whether concordant communities exhibited similar trends in human-induced taxa loss across all three scales. Finally, we evaluated the strength of the relationship between selected environmental variables and the composition of both assemblages at all three spatial scales. 2. Significant concordance between fish and invertebrate communities occurred at the statewide scale as well as in six of seven ecoregions and 17 of the 21 major catchments. However, concordance was not consistently indicative of significant relationships between rates of fish and invertebrate taxa loss at those same scales. 3. Fish and invertebrate communities were largely associated with different environmental variables, although the composition of both communities was strongly correlated with stream size across all three scales. 4. Predictive taxa-loss models for fish assemblages were less sensitive and precise than models for invertebrate assemblages, likely because of the relatively low number of common fish taxa in our data set. Both models, however, distinguished reference from non-reference sites. 5. The importance of concordance, geographic context and scale are discussed in relation to the design and interpretation of stream integrity indicators. In particular, our findings suggest that community concordance should not be viewed as a substitute for an evaluation of how assemblages respond to environmental stressors. C1 [Dolph, Christine L.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Dolph, Christine L.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dolph, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dolph008@umn.edu RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; University of Minnesota Graduate School; University of Minnesota FX We would like to thank Dr. Jani Heino and Dr. Daren Carlisle, as well as two anonymous reviewers, for providing us with helpful suggestions that improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank David Wright from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing funding for this project and Scott Niemela and Joel Chirhart from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for providing biomonitoring data. This research was funded by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, a University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship, and a block grant from the University of Minnesota Water Resources Science Program. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1652 EP 1669 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02589.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 788LP UT WOS:000292446700016 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Mau, RL Maestre, FT Escolar, C Castillo-Monroy, AP AF Bowker, Matthew A. Mau, Rebecca L. Maestre, Fernando T. Escolar, Cristina Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P. TI Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid and semi-arid; bryophytes; ecosystem function; enzyme activities; lichens; trait diversity ID BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; COLORADO PLATEAU; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; NITROGEN; LICHENS AB 1. At the heart of the body of research on biodiversity effects on ecosystem function is the debate over whether different species tend to be functionally singular or redundant. When we consider ecosystem multi-function, the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, we may find that seemingly redundant species may in fact play unique roles in ecosystems. 2. Over the last few decades, the significance of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as ecological boundaries and ecosystem engineers, and their multi-functional nature, has become increasingly well documented. We compiled 'functional profiles' of the organisms in this understudied community, to determine whether functional singularity emerges when multiple ecosystem functions are considered. 3. In two data sets, one representing multiple sites around the semi-arid regions of Spain (regional scale), and another from a single site in central Spain (local scale), we examined correlations between the abundance or frequency of BSC species in a community, and multiple surrogates of ecosystem functioning. There was a wide array of apparent effects of species on specific functions. 4. Notably, in gypsiferous soils and at regional scale, we found that indicators of carbon (C) and phosphorus cycling were apparently suppressed and promoted by the lichens Diploschistes diacapsis and Squamarina lentigera, respectively. The moss Pleurochaete squarrosa appears to promote C cycling in calcareous soils at this spatial scale. At the local scale in gypsiferous soils, D. diacapsis positively correlated with carbon cycling, but negatively with nitrogen cycling, whereas numerous lichens exhibited the opposite profile. 5. We found a high degree of functional singularity, i.e. that species were highly individualistic in their effects on multiple functions. Many functional attributes were not easily predictable from existing functional grouping systems based primarily on morphology. 6. Our results suggest that maintaining species-rich BSC communities is crucial to maintain the overall functionality of ecosystems dominated by these organisms, and that dominance and the outcome of competition could be highly influential in the determination of such functionality. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Mau, Rebecca L.; Maestre, Fernando T.; Escolar, Cristina; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, E-28933 Mostoles, Spain. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, US Geol Survey, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM matthew.bowker@nau.edu RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008 OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) [CGL2008-00986-E/BOS]; European Social Fund; British Ecological Society [SEPG 2330/2883]; European Research Council under the European Community [242658]; Fundacion BBVA [BIOCON06/105] FX We thank Ma Dolores Puche and Patricia Alonso Valiente for their help with the laboratory work. MAB was supported by a Juan de la Cierva contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), co-funded by the European Social Fund, and by the British Ecological Society (SEPG 2330/2883). FTM is supported by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20072013)/ERC Grant agreement no. 242658 (BIOCOM). APC was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Fundacion BBVA (grant BIOCON06/105). This research has been funded by MICINN (grant CGL2008-00986-E/BOS) and the Fundacion BBVA(grant BIOCON06/105). NR 56 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TE UT WOS:000292330000007 ER PT J AU Roach, J Griffith, B Verbyla, D Jones, J AF Roach, Jennifer Griffith, Brad Verbyla, Dave Jones, Jeremy TI Mechanisms influencing changes in lake area in Alaskan boreal forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal forest; carbon; climate change; drying; lakes; peat; permafrost; terrestrialization; wetlands ID CARBON BALANCE; POSTGLACIAL DEVELOPMENT; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; PLANT CELLULOSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER; BOG; THAW; THERMOKARST AB During the past similar to 50 years, the number and area of lakes have declined in several regions in boreal forests. However, there has been substantial finer-scale heterogeneity; some lakes decreased in area, some showed no trend, and others increased. The objective of this study was to identify the primary mechanisms underlying heterogeneous trends in closed-basin lake area. Eight lake characteristics (delta O-18, electrical conductivity, surface : volume index, bank slope, floating mat width, peat depth, thaw depth at shoreline, and thaw depth at the forest boundary) were compared for 15 lake pairs in Alaskan boreal forest where one lake had decreased in area since similar to 1950, and the other had not. Mean differences in characteristics between paired lakes were used to identify the most likely of nine mechanistic scenarios that combined three potential mechanisms for decreasing lake area (talik drainage, surface water evaporation, and terrestrialization) with three potential mechanisms for nondecreasing lake area (subpermafrost groundwater recharge through an open talik, stable permafrost, and thermokarst). A priori expectations of the direction of mean differences between decreasing and nondecreasing paired lakes were generated for each scenario. Decreasing lakes had significantly greater electrical conductivity, greater surface : volume indices, shallower bank slopes, wider floating mats, greater peat depths, and shallower thaw depths at the forest boundary. These results indicated that the most likely scenario was terrestrialization as the mechanism for lake area reduction combined with thermokarst as the mechanism for nondecreasing lake area. Terrestrialization and thermokarst may have been enhanced by recent warming which has both accelerated permafrost thawing and lengthened the growing season, thereby increasing plant growth, floatingmat encroachment, transpiration rates, and the accumulation of organic matter in lake basins. The transition to peatlands associated with terrestrialization may provide a transient increase in carbon storage enhancing the role of northern ecosystems as major stores of global carbon. C1 [Roach, Jennifer; Jones, Jeremy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Verbyla, Dave] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Roach, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jroach11@alaska.edu FU FWS; US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network; University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) FX We thank Robert Warren and Kevin Wyatt for help with field work and Bruce Finney for assistance with isotope analyses. US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) staff at Yukon Flats, Tetlin, and Koyukuk/Nowitna National Wildlife Refuges helped with logistics and float plane access to field sites. Funding was provided by FWS, US Geological Survey Climate Effects Network, the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Special President's Fund, and a UAF Graduate School Thesis Completion Fellowship. We thank Eric J. Taylor, Jennifer Harden, A. Dave McGuire, and Joshua Rose for their assistance and reviews of earlier drafts. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 108 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2567 EP 2583 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786KX UT WOS:000292308300006 ER PT J AU Servanty, S Gaillard, JM Ronchi, F Focardi, S Baubet, E Gimenez, O AF Servanty, Sabrina Gaillard, Jean-Michel Ronchi, Francesca Focardi, Stefano Baubet, Eric Gimenez, Olivier TI Influence of harvesting pressure on demographic tactics: implications for wildlife management SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative analysis; demography; hunting; life history; life table response experiment; prospective analysis; retrospective analysis; Sus scrofa; ungulate; wild boar ID BOAR SUS-SCROFA; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; STATISTICAL-MODELS; BIGHORN SHEEP; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; GROWTH; SEX AB 1. Demographic tactics within animal populations are shaped by selective pressures. Exploitation exerts additional pressures so that differing demographic tactics might be expected among populations with differences in levels of exploitation. Yet little has been done so far to assess the possible consequences of exploitation on the demographic tactics of mammals, even though such information could influence the choice of effective management strategies. 2. Compared with similar-sized ungulate species, wild boar Sus scrofa has high reproductive capabilities, which complicates population management. Using a perturbation analysis, we investigated how population growth rates (lambda) and critical life-history stages differed between two wild boar populations monitored for several years, one of which was heavily harvested and the other lightly harvested. 3. Asymptotic lambda was 1 242 in the lightly hunted population and 1 115 in the heavily hunted population, while the ratio between the elasticity of adult survival and juvenile survival was 2 63 and 1 27, respectively. A comparative analysis including 21 other ungulate species showed that the elasticity ratio in the heavily hunted population was the lowest ever observed. 4. Compared with expected generation times of similar-sized ungulates (more than 6 years), wild boar has a fast life-history speed, especially when facing high hunting pressure. This is well illustrated by our results, where generation times were 3 6 years in the lightly hunted population and only 2 3 years in the heavily hunted population. High human-induced mortality combined with non-limiting food resources accounted for the accelerated life history of the hunted population because of earlier reproduction. 5. Synthesis and applications. For wild boar, we show that when a population is facing a high hunting pressure, increasing the mortality in only one age-class (e. g. adults or juveniles) may not allow managers to limit population growth. We suggest that simulations of management strategies based on context-specific demographic models are useful for selecting interventions for population control. This type of approach allows the assessment of population response to exploitation by considering a range of plausible scenarios, improving the chance of selecting appropriate management actions. C1 [Servanty, Sabrina; Gimenez, Olivier] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Servanty, Sabrina] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France. [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Ronchi, Francesca; Focardi, Stefano] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, I-40064 Ozzano Dellemilia, Italy. [Baubet, Eric] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-01330 Montfort, Birieux, France. RP Servanty, S (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. EM sab.servanty@free.fr RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010 FU French ANR [ANR-08-JCJC-0028-01]; ONCFS; ANR 'Rare'; Segretariato per la Presidenza della Repubblica FX Thanks to the Office National des Forets and to Francois Jehle, who allowed the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS) to work in the study area. We thank all the people who helped at Chateauvillain, especially Gilbert Corbeau and Pascal Van den Bulck. Thanks to the Segretariato per la Presidenza della Repubblica for allowing the study at Castelporziano for its financial support and the data availability. We thank Carole Toigo and three anonymous referees for valuable comments, Ellen Bean and Andy Wilson for correcting our English. S. S. and O.G. were supported in part by a grant from the French ANR (ANR-08-JCJC-0028-01). J.-M.G. was financed by the ONCFS and by the ANR 'Rare'. NR 60 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02017.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100003 ER PT J AU Muths, E Scherer, RD Pilliod, DS AF Muths, Erin Scherer, Rick D. Pilliod, David S. TI Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian populations are perturbed by disease SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; boreal toad; disease; host-pathogen dynamics; reverse-time Pradel model; United States ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; EMERGING DISEASE; BOREAL TOADS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FROG POPULATION; MARKED ANIMALS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DYNAMICS AB 1. The need to increase our understanding of factors that regulate animal population dynamics has been catalysed by recent, observed declines in wildlife populations worldwide. Reliable estimates of demographic parameters are critical for addressing basic and applied ecological questions and understanding the response of parameters to perturbations (e. g. disease, habitat loss, climate change). However, to fully assess the impact of perturbation on population dynamics, all parameters contributing to the response of the target population must be estimated. 2. We applied the reverse-time model of Pradel in Program mark to 6 years of capture-recapture data from two populations of Anaxyrus boreas (boreal toad) populations, one with disease and one without. We then assessed a priori hypotheses about differences in survival and recruitment relative to local environmental conditions and the presence of disease. 3. We further explored the relative contribution of survival probability and recruitment rate to population growth and investigated how shifts in these parameters can alter population dynamics when a population is perturbed. 4. High recruitment rates (0.41) are probably compensating for low survival probability (range 0.51-0.54) in the population challenged by an emerging pathogen, resulting in a relatively slow rate of decline. In contrast, the population with no evidence of disease had high survival probability (range 0.75-0.78) but lower recruitment rates (0.25). 5. Synthesis and applications. We suggest that the relationship between survival and recruitment may be compensatory, providing evidence that populations challenged with disease are not necessarily doomed to extinction. A better understanding of these interactions may help to explain, and be used to predict, population regulation and persistence for wildlife threatened with disease. Further, reliable estimates of population parameters such as recruitment and survival can guide the formulation and implementation of conservation actions such as repatriations or habitat management aimed to improve recruitment. C1 [Muths, Erin; Scherer, Rick D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Scherer, Rick D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM erin_muths@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU USGS-ARMI; Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) FX We thank the USGS-ARMI and the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) for funding. Numerous technicians assisted and P. S. Corn and B. R. Hossack contributed significantly to field work and discussions. This work was conducted under scientific collecting permits from CDOW and the Wyoming Game and Fish. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution number 382 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 47 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100007 ER PT J AU Green, AW Bailey, LL Nichols, JD AF Green, Adam W. Bailey, Larissa L. Nichols, James D. TI Exploring sensitivity of a multistate occupancy model to inform management decisions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California spotted owl; Lithobates sylvatica; multistate model; patch occupancy dynamics; second-order Markov; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; wood frog ID FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PERTURBATION ANALYSIS; MULTIPLE STATES; HABITAT USE; WOOD FROGS; DYNAMICS; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS AB 1. Dynamic occupancy models are often used to investigate questions regarding the processes that influence patch occupancy and are prominent in the fields of population and community ecology and conservation biology. Recently, multistate occupancy models have been developed to investigate dynamic systems involving more than one occupied state, including reproductive states, relative abundance states and joint habitat-occupancy states. Here we investigate the sensitivities of the equilibrium-state distribution of multistate occupancy models to changes in transition rates. 2. We develop equilibrium occupancy expressions and their associated sensitivity metrics for dynamic multistate occupancy models. To illustrate our approach, we use two examples that represent common multistate occupancy systems. The first example involves a three-state dynamic model involving occupied states with and without successful reproduction (California spotted owl Strix occidentalis occidentalis), and the second involves a novel way of using a multistate occupancy approach to accommodate second-order Markov processes (wood frog Lithobates sylvatica breeding and metamorphosis). 3. In many ways, multistate sensitivity metrics behave in similar ways as standard occupancy sensitivities. When equilibrium occupancy rates are low, sensitivity to parameters related to colonisation is high, while sensitivity to persistence parameters is greater when equilibrium occupancy rates are high. Sensitivities can also provide guidance for managers when estimates of transition probabilities are not available. 4. Synthesis and applications. Multistate models provide practitioners a flexible framework to define multiple, distinct occupied states and the ability to choose which state, or combination of states, is most relevant to questions and decisions about their own systems. In addition to standard multistate occupancy models, we provide an example of how a second-order Markov process can be modified to fit a multistate framework. Assuming the system is near equilibrium, our sensitivity analyses illustrate how to investigate the sensitivity of the system-specific equilibrium state(s) to changes in transition rates. Because management will typically act on these transition rates, sensitivity analyses can provide valuable information about the potential influence of different actions and when it may be prudent to shift the focus of management among the various transition rates. C1 [Green, Adam W.; Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Green, AW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM awgreen@colostate.edu RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) [374] FX We thank Julien Martin, the Wagar 113 Superpopulation and participants of the structured decision-making workshop for their comments and discussions. We thank David Miller for useful discussions that improved the paper. U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) provided funding for this project, and this represents contribution number 374 for this programme. We also thank Evan Grant and the field technicians who collected the occupancy data at Patuxent Research Refuge. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1016 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01995.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100022 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB King, DI AF Chandler, Richard B. King, David I. TI Habitat quality and habitat selection of golden-winged warblers in Costa Rica: an application of hierarchical models for open populations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Dail-Madsen model; golden-winged warbler; habitat quality; non-breeding season; population dynamics; recruitment; Vermivora chrysoptera; winter ecology ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; NONBREEDING-SEASON; BIRDS; AVAILABILITY; SEGREGATION; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; MIGRANT AB 1. Identifying high-quality habitat is integral to effective species conservation efforts and requires information about habitat-specific abundance and demographics. This information is lacking for many species of conservation concern because of the inherent difficulties associated with implementing mark-recapture studies at large spatial scales. 2. The golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera is a Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird experiencing a long-term population decline; yet no information about non-breeding season habitat quality or habitat selection exists to inform conservation efforts. We used a novel hierarchical model that requires only spatially and temporally replicated count data to estimate habitat-specific abundance, apparent survival, recruitment and detection probability of golden-winged warblers wintering in Costa Rica. We quantified habitat selection at the home-range level using radiotelemetry. 3. Golden-winged warblers were absent from tropical dry forest and were most abundant in pre-montane evergreen forest. Within their home ranges, golden-winged warblers selected microhabitat features associated with intermediate disturbance that reflected their preference for foraging in hanging dead leaves. 4. Consistent with other evidence of a declining population, local population size decreased over the duration of the study. The rate of decrease was higher during the non-breeding season than among seasons. We found no differences in apparent survival or recruitment among habitat types; however, our estimates of these parameters were imprecise. 5. Synthesis and applications. Golden-winged warblers are forest-dependent species during the non-breeding season and have specialized microhabitat requirements that make them vulnerable to ongoing tropical deforestation. However, advanced secondary forests can provide the requisite microhabitat features, and because we found no evidence of reduced survival in this habitat type, regenerating forest on degraded lands may be an effective component of a conservation strategy for this species. Our study also demonstrates that information on population dynamics and habitat quality can be obtained using repeated counts instead of mark-recapture methods. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM rchandler@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU US Forest Service FX We thank the members of the Cooperativa Montes de Oro as well as Victor Julio Arce Chavez, Arley Morales, Raul Raudales and Richard Trubey of the Mesoamerican Development Institute for their assistance with site selection, accommodation and travel. Many farmers in the study area graciously permitted us to work on their property. The Trejos, Gonzalez, Marin, Zunega, Fonseca and Salas families were especially generous. Carly Chandler was instrumental in the design and implementation of the field research. Seth Beaudreault, Carlos Orlando Delgado, Marcos Gonzalez, Johel Aguero, Jared Wolfe, Nicole Hazlet, Adam Anderson, Jeff Wells and Jeff Ritterson were excellent field assistants. Curtice Griffin, Peter Houlihan and John Rappole provided helpful guidance during the preparation of the manuscript. Javier Guevara of the Costa RicanMinistry of Environment and Energy provided us with necessary permits. Funding came from a Migratory Bird Conservation Act grant and from the US Forest Service's International Programs. Two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1047 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02001.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100025 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Gopalaswamy, AM Kumar, NS Vaidyanathan, S Nichols, JD MacKenzie, DI AF Karanth, Kota Ullas Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. Kumar, Narayanarao Samba Vaidyanathan, Srinivas Nichols, James D. MacKenzie, Darryl I. TI Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: occupancy modelling of tigers from sign surveys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; density variation; detection probability; landscape ecology; metapopulations; occupancy sampling; spatial models ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; ABSENCE DATA; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; AREAS; INDIA; SNOW; PREY AB 1. Assessing spatial distributions of threatened large carnivores at landscape scales poses formidable challenges because of their rarity and elusiveness. As a consequence of logistical constraints, investigators typically rely on sign surveys. Most survey methods, however, do not explicitly address the central problem of imperfect detections of animal signs in the field, leading to underestimates of true habitat occupancy and distribution. 2. We assessed habitat occupancy for a tiger Panthera tigris metapopulation across a c. 38 000-km(2) landscape in India, employing a spatially replicated survey to explicitly address imperfect detections. Ecological predictions about tiger presence were confronted with sign detection data generated from occupancy sampling of 205 sites, each of 188 km(2). 3. A recent occupancy model that considers Markovian dependency among sign detections on spatial replicates performed better than the standard occupancy model (Delta AIC = 184.9). A formulation of this model that fitted the data best showed that density of ungulate prey and levels of human disturbance were key determinants of local tiger presence. Model averaging resulted in a replicate-level detection probability (P) over cap (t)(S (E) over cap[(P) over cap (t)]) = 0.17 (0.17) for signs and a tiger habitat occupancy estimate of (psi) over cap (S (E) over cap[(psi) over cap]) = 0.665 (0.0857) or 14.076 (1814) km(2) of potential habitat of 21 167 km(2 boolean AND). In contrast, a traditional presence-versus-absence approach underestimated occupancy by 47%. Maps of probabilities of local site occupancy clearly identified tiger source populations at higher densities and matched observed tiger density variations, suggesting their potential utility for population assessments at landscape scales. 4. Synthesis and applications. Landscape-scale sign surveys can efficiently assess large carnivore spatial distributions and elucidate the factors governing their local presence, provided ecological and observation processes are both explicitly modelled. Occupancy sampling using spatial replicates can be used to reliably and efficiently identify tiger population sources and help monitor metapopulations. Our results reinforce earlier findings that prey depletion and human disturbance are key drivers of local tiger extinctions and tigers can persist even in human-dominated landscapes through effective protection of source populations. Our approach facilitates efficient targeting of tiger conservation interventions and, more generally, provides a basis for the reliable integration of large carnivore monitoring data between local and landscape scales. C1 [Karanth, Kota Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Karanth, Kota Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, Narayanarao Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, India. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, Narayanarao Samba; Vaidyanathan, Srinivas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Bengaluru 560070, India. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Vaidyanathan, Srinivas] Fdn Ecol Res Advocacy & Learning, Pondicherry 605012, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, 2300 So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM ukaranth@gmail.com FU Wildlife Conservation Society, New York; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. FX We are grateful to the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, and USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, for supporting our research work. Additionally, we are indebted to the following donors for funding support: Save the Tiger Fund of National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Rhino & Tiger Conservation Fund of US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. In India, we acknowledge the facilitation of the study by Karnataka State Forest Department, Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, and National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi. We thank J. E. Hines, J. A. Royle, B. K. Williams, J. Krishnaswamy, M. Delampady for useful discussions and D. Jathanna, P. Singh and N. Patil for analytical support. We thank the numerous field assistants and volunteers who enthusiastically participated in our field surveys and acknowledge the superb leadership of D. V. Girish, B. Hegde, N. Jain, K. Rayar, K. Nag, C. Krishna and A. Kadam in leading the field surveys. We also thank three reviewers and the editors for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 54 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 8 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1056 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02002.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786TP UT WOS:000292331100026 ER PT J AU Sarafanov, AG Todorov, TI Centeno, JA Macias, V Gao, WH Liang, WM Beam, C Gray, MA Kajdacsy-Balla, AA AF Sarafanov, Andrey G. Todorov, Todor I. Centeno, Jose A. Macias, Virgilia Gao, Weihua Liang, Wei-Min Beam, Craig Gray, Marion A. Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre A. TI Prostate Cancer Outcome and Tissue Levels of Metal Ions SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE PSA recurrence; zinc; iron; selenium; cadmium ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; MALIGNANT PROGRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; IN-VIVO; ZINC; CADMIUM; IRON; RISK; SELENIUM; CHEMOPREVENTION AB BACKGROUND. There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome. METHODS. We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n 80). Case-control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se. RESULTS. Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 mg/g vs. 111 mg/g; P 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 mg/g vs. 346 mg/g; P 0.04) concentrations in the normal-appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences incadmium (0.489 mg/g vs. 0.439 mg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 mg/g vs. 1.58 mg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non-recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS. There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231-1238, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Macias, Virgilia; Kajdacsy-Balla, Andre A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Sarafanov, Andrey G.; Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, CGGSC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gao, Weihua; Liang, Wei-Min; Beam, Craig] Univ Illinois, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA. [Gray, Marion A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. RP Kajdacsy-Balla, AA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM ABalla@uic.edu FU US Department of Defense [PC051072, PC074307]; American Registry of Pathology [1050-3056, 1050-3055]; American Institute of Cancer Research [02A072]; National Cancer Institute CPCTR [086753] FX Grant sponsor: US Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; Grant numbers: PC051072; PC074307; Grant sponsor: American Registry of Pathology; Grant numbers: 1050-3056; 1050-3055; Grant sponsor: American Institute of Cancer Research; Grant number: 02A072; Grant sponsor: National Cancer Institute CPCTR; Grant number: 086753. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1231 EP 1238 DI 10.1002/pros.21339 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 786UB UT WOS:000292332300011 PM 21271612 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Gomez, MC Jenkins, JA Leibo, SP Wirtu, G Dresser, BL Pope, CE AF Chacon, Liliana Gomez, Martha C. Jenkins, Jill A. Leibo, Staley P. Wirtu, Gemechu Dresser, Betsy L. Pope, C. Earle TI Effect of cryopreservation and in vitro culture of bovine fibroblasts on histone acetylation levels and in vitro development of hand-made cloned embryos SO ZYGOTE LA English DT Article DE Bovine; Embryo; Fibroblasts; Histone acetylation; SCNT ID CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER; DNA METHYLATION; DONOR CELLS; EPIGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOMATIC NUCLEI; EGG CYTOPLASM; CLONING; FETAL AB In this study, the relative acetylation levels of histone 3 in lysine 9 (H3K9ac) in cultured and cryopreserved bovine fibroblasts was measured and we determined the influence of the epigenetic status of three cultured (C1, C2 and C3) donor cell lines on the in vitro development of reconstructed bovine embryos. Results showed that cryopreservation did not alter the overall acetylation levels of H3K9 in bovine fibroblasts analysed immediately after thawing (frozen/thawed) compared with fibroblasts cultured for a period of time after thawing. However, reduced cleavage rates were noted in embryos reconstructed with fibroblasts used immediately after thawing. Cell passage affects the levels of H3K9ac in bovine fibroblasts, decreasing after P1 and donor cells with lower H3K9ac produced a greater frequency of embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Cryopreservation did not influence the total cell and ICM numbers, or the ICM/TPD ratios of reconstructed embryos. However, the genetic source of donor cells did influence the total number of cells and the trophectoderm cell numbers, and the cell passage influenced the total ICM cell numbers. C1 [Chacon, Liliana; Gomez, Martha C.; Leibo, Staley P.; Wirtu, Gemechu; Dresser, Betsy L.; Pope, C. Earle] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. [Chacon, Liliana] Colombian Natl Univ, Sch Vet Med, Bogota, Colombia. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Leibo, Staley P.; Dresser, Betsy L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Gomez, MC (reprint author), Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, 14001 River Rd, New Orleans, LA USA. EM mgomez@auduboninstitute.org RI Chacon, Liliana/P-9257-2016 OI Chacon, Liliana/0000-0001-6030-9649 FU Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species (ACRES); USGS; LSU; Colombian National University; Colciencias FX This work was supported by Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species (ACRES), USGS and, partially by a grant from the ACRES and LSU system collaborative projects. Colombian National University and Colciencias financed a fellowship and part of the residency of Liliana Chacon while she was conducting the research in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0967-1994 J9 ZYGOTE JI Zygote PD AUG PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1017/S0967199410000316 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 786CR UT WOS:000292281400008 PM 20604985 ER PT J AU Ge, SM McKenzie, J Voss, C Wu, QB AF Ge, Shemin McKenzie, Jeffrey Voss, Clifford Wu, Qingbai TI Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; ACTIVE-LAYER; THERMAL STATE; TRANSPORT; FLOW; SOIL AB Permafrost dynamics impact hydrologic cycle processes by promoting or impeding groundwater and surface water exchange. Under seasonal and decadal air temperature variations, permafrost temperature changes control the exchanges between groundwater and surface water. A coupled heat transport and groundwater flow model, SUTRA, was modified to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in the subsurface containing permafrost. The northern central Tibet Plateau was used as an example of model application. Modeling results show that in a yearly cycle, groundwater flow occurs in the active layer from May to October. Maximum groundwater discharge to the surface lags the maximum subsurface temperature by two months. Under an increasing air temperature scenario of 3 C per 100 years, over the initial 40-year period, the active layer thickness can increase by three-fold. Annual groundwater discharge to the surface can experience a similar three-fold increase in the same period. An implication of these modeling results is that with increased warming there will be more groundwater flow in the active layer and therefore increased groundwater discharge to rivers. However, this finding only holds if sufficient upgradient water is available to replenish the increased discharge. Otherwise, there will be an overall lowering of the water table in the recharge portion of the catchment. Citation: Ge, S., J. McKenzie, C. Voss, and Q. Wu (2011), Exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost response to seasonal and long term air temperature variation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14402, doi:10.1029/2011GL047911. C1 [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKenzie, Jeffrey] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Voss, Clifford] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wu, Qingbai] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Ge, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Campus Box 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ges@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMG 0934647]; State Key Science Research Program for Global Change Research of China [2010CB951402] FX The authors thank Ean Warren, Helen French, two anonymous reviewers, and Editor Paolo D'Odorico for their valuable comments. SG acknowledges the support from National Science Foundation grant CMG 0934647. QBW thanks the State Key Science Research Program for Global Change Research of China (grant 2010CB951402). NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L14402 DI 10.1029/2011GL047911 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 800SK UT WOS:000293386900003 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Wassenaar, LI AF Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Wassenaar, Leonard I. TI Improved online delta O-18 measurements of nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing organic materials and a proposed analytical protocol SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; HUMAN HAIR; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN; RATIOS; MATTER; EQUILIBRATION; SUBSTANCES; MIGRATION AB It is well known that N-2 in the ion source of a mass spectrometer interferes with the CO background during the delta O-18 measurement of carbon monoxide. A similar problem arises with the high-temperature conversion (HTC) analysis of nitrogenous O-bearing samples (e. g. nitrates and keratins) to CO for delta O-18 measurement, where the sample introduces a significant N-2 peak before the CO peak, making determination of accurate oxygen isotope ratios difficult. Although using a gas chromatography (GC) column longer than that commonly provided by manufacturers (0.6 m) can improve the efficiency of separation of CO and N-2 and using a valve to divert nitrogen and prevent it from entering the ion source of a mass spectrometer improved measurement results, biased delta O-18 values could still be obtained. A careful evaluation of the performance of the GC separation column was carried out. With optimal GC columns, the delta O-18 reproducibility of human hair keratins and other keratin materials was better than +/- 0.15 parts per thousand (n = 5; for the internal analytical reproducibility), and better than +/- 0.10 parts per thousand (n = 4; for the external analytical reproducibility). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qi, Haiping] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wassenaar, Leonard I.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov RI Wassenaar, Leonard/B-5996-2013; OI Wassenaar, Leonard/0000-0001-5532-0771 FU U S. Geological Survey National Research Program and Environment Canada FX We thank Robin Sutka (Elementar, Mount Laurel, NJ, USA) for measurements on USGS42 and USGS43 using the Elementar CO trapping technique. This manuscript has benefited from careful reviews by Helen Kreuzer (Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA) and Geoff Koehler (Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada). The support of the U S. Geological Survey National Research Program and Environment Canada made this report possible. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2049 EP 2058 DI 10.1002/rcm.5088 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 789XD UT WOS:000292551600016 PM 21698688 ER PT J AU Grosse, G Harden, J Turetsky, M McGuire, AD Camill, P Tarnocai, C Frolking, S Schuur, EAG Jorgenson, T Marchenko, S Romanovsky, V Wickland, KP French, N Waldrop, M Bourgeau-Chavez, L Striegl, RG AF Grosse, Guido Harden, Jennifer Turetsky, Merritt McGuire, A. David Camill, Philip Tarnocai, Charles Frolking, Steve Schuur, Edward A. G. Jorgenson, Torre Marchenko, Sergei Romanovsky, Vladimir Wickland, Kimberly P. French, Nancy Waldrop, Mark Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura Striegl, Robert G. TI Vulnerability of high-latitude soil organic carbon in North America to disturbance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALASKA BOREAL FOREST; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; PERMAFROST-AFFECTED SOILS; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; WEST-CENTRAL CANADA; THAW LAKE BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST AB This synthesis addresses the vulnerability of the North American high-latitude soil organic carbon (SOC) pool to climate change. Disturbances caused by climate warming in arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments can result in significant redistribution of C among major reservoirs with potential global impacts. We divide the current northern high-latitude SOC pools into (1) near-surface soils where SOC is affected by seasonal freeze-thaw processes and changes in moisture status, and (2) deeper permafrost and peatland strata down to several tens of meters depth where SOC is usually not affected by short-term changes. We address key factors (permafrost, vegetation, hydrology, paleoenvironmental history) and processes (C input, storage, decomposition, and output) responsible for the formation of the large high-latitude SOC pool in North America and highlight how climate-related disturbances could alter this pool's character and size. Press disturbances of relatively slow but persistent nature such as top-down thawing of permafrost, and changes in hydrology, microbiological communities, pedological processes, and vegetation types, as well as pulse disturbances of relatively rapid and local nature such as wildfires and thermokarst, could substantially impact SOC stocks. Ongoing climate warming in the North American high-latitude region could result in crossing environmental thresholds, thereby accelerating press disturbances and increasingly triggering pulse disturbances and eventually affecting the C source/sink net character of northern high-latitude soils. Finally, we assess postdisturbance feedbacks, models, and predictions for the northern high-latitude SOC pool, and discuss data and research gaps to be addressed by future research. C1 [Grosse, Guido; Marchenko, Sergei; Romanovsky, Vladimir] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, Jennifer; Waldrop, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Tarnocai, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Frolking, Steve] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Alaska EcoSci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [French, Nancy; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Grosse, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu; jharden@usgs.gov; mrt@uoguelph.ca; admcguire@alaska.edu; pcamill@bowdoin.edu; tarnocaict@agr.gc.ca; steve.frolking@unh.edu; tschuur@ufl.edu; ecoscience@alaska.net; sergei.marchenko@gi.alaska.edu; veromanovsky@gi.alaska.edu; kpwick@usgs.gov; nancy.french@mtu.edu; mwaldrop@usgs.gov; laura.chavez@mtu.edu; rstriegl@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU NASA [NNX08AJ37G, NNX09AQ36G, NNX08AK69G, NNX10AF41G, NNX09AM15G]; NSF [ARC-0732735, ARC-0632400, ARC-0856864, 0747195, 0516326, 0620579, DEB-0423442, EF-0553768]; NSERC; USGS; USDA Forest Service (Pacific Northwest Research Station) [PNW01-JV11261952-231]; University of California, Santa Barbara; state of California FX This work was supported by the following grants and programs: NASA NNX08AJ37G and NSF ARC-0732735 to G. G., NASA NNX09AQ36G and NASA IDS program to S. F., NASA NNX08AK69G and NNX10AF41G to N.F., NSF ARC-0632400 and ARC-0856864 to V. R., NASA NNX09AM15G to L. B. C. and M. R. T., NSERC Strategic program to M. R. T., NSF 0747195, 0516326, and 0620579 to E. A. G. S., the USGS Global Change Programs, and by the Bonanza Creek LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) Program, funded jointly by NSF DEB-0423442 and the USDA Forest Service (Pacific Northwest Research Station PNW01-JV11261952-231). The participation of E. A. G. S. was conducted while a Sabbatical Fellow at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by NSF (EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the state of California. We thank the editors, two anonymous reviewers, as well as USGS internal reviewers Kristofer Johnson and Frank Urban for their valuable comments. NR 189 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 19 U2 163 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G00K06 DI 10.1029/2010JG001507 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 800PQ UT WOS:000293375800001 ER PT J AU Nettles, JW Staid, M Besse, S Boardman, J Clark, RN Dhingra, D Isaacson, P Klima, R Kramer, G Pieters, CM Taylor, LA AF Nettles, J. W. Staid, M. Besse, S. Boardman, J. Clark, R. N. Dhingra, D. Isaacson, P. Klima, R. Kramer, G. Pieters, C. M. Taylor, L. A. TI Optical maturity variation in lunar spectra as measured by Moon Mineralogy Mapper data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARE SOILS; IRON; ABUNDANCE; CRATERS AB High spectral and spatial resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M(3)) instrument on Chandrayaan-1 are used to investigate in detail changes in the optical properties of lunar materials accompanying space weathering. Three spectral parameters were developed and used to quantify spectral effects commonly thought to be associated with increasing optical maturity: an increase in spectral slope ("reddening"), a decrease in albedo ("darkening"), and loss of spectral contrast (decrease in absorption band depth). Small regions of study were defined that sample the ejecta deposits of small fresh craters that contain relatively crystalline (immature) material that grade into local background (mature) soils. Selected craters are small enough that they can be assumed to be of constant composition and thus are useful for evaluating trends in optical maturity. Color composites were also used to identify the most immature material in a region and show that maturity trends can also be identified using regional soil trends. The high resolution M(3) data are well suited to quantifying the spectral changes that accompany space weathering and are able to capture subtle spectral variations in maturity trends. However, the spectral changes that occur as a function of maturity were observed to be dependent on local composition. Given the complexity of space weathering processes, this was not unexpected but poses challenges for absolute measures of optical maturity across diverse lunar terrains. C1 [Nettles, J. W.; Dhingra, D.; Isaacson, P.; Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Besse, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Klima, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA. [Kramer, G.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Taylor, L. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nettles, JW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM jeffrey_nettles@brown.edu RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. The science results are supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. The M3 instrument was flown as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. The M3 team is honored to have the opportunity to participate in this mission and is grateful for the work of the ISRO team that enabled M3 data return. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00G17 DI 10.1029/2010JE003748 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 800FU UT WOS:000293346000001 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ Sherrod, BL Weaver, CS Wells, RE Rohay, AC Barnett, EA Knepprath, NE AF Blakely, Richard J. Sherrod, Brian L. Weaver, Craig S. Wells, Ray E. Rohay, Alan C. Barnett, Elizabeth A. Knepprath, Nichole E. TI Connecting the Yakima fold and thrust belt to active faults in the Puget Lowland, Washington SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID UPPER-CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; RIVER-BASALT-GROUP; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SEATTLE FAULT; STRUCTURE BENEATH; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; SEISMIC HAZARDS AB High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Range and Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB), Washington, provide insights on tectonic connections between forearc and back-arc regions of the Cascadia convergent margin. Magnetic surveys were measured at a nominal altitude of 250 m above terrain and along flight lines spaced 400 m apart. Upper crustal rocks in this region have diverse magnetic properties, ranging from highly magnetic rocks of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group to weakly magnetic sedimentary rocks of various ages. These distinctive magnetic properties permit mapping of important faults and folds from exposures to covered areas. Magnetic lineaments correspond with mapped Quaternary faults and with scarps identified in lidar (light detection and ranging) topographic data and aerial photography. A two-dimensional model of the northwest striking Umtanum Ridge fault zone, based on magnetic and gravity data and constrained by geologic mapping and three deep wells, suggests that thrust faults extend through the Tertiary section and into underlying pre-Tertiary basement. Excavation of two trenches across a prominent scarp at the base of Umtanum Ridge uncovered evidence for bending moment faulting possibly caused by a blind thrust. Using aeromagnetic, gravity, and paleoseismic evidence, we postulate possible tectonic connections between the YFTB in eastern Washington and active faults of the Puget Lowland. We suggest that faults and folds of Umtanum Ridge extend northwestward through the Cascade Range and merge with the Southern Whidbey Island and Seattle faults near Snoqualmie Pass 35 km east of Seattle. Recent earthquakes (M-W <= 5.3) suggest that this confluence of faults may be seismically active today. C1 [Blakely, Richard J.; Wells, Ray E.; Knepprath, Nichole E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.; Weaver, Craig S.; Barnett, Elizabeth A.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rohay, Alan C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Characterizat & Risk Assessment Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM blakely@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B07105 DI 10.1029/2010JB008091 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 800FO UT WOS:000293345400004 ER PT J AU Work, TM Forsman, ZH Szabo, Z Lewis, TD Aeby, GS Toonen, RJ AF Work, Thierry M. Forsman, Zac H. Szabo, Zoltan Lewis, Teresa D. Aeby, Greta S. Toonen, Robert J. TI Inter-Specific Coral Chimerism: Genetically Distinct Multicellular Structures Associated with Tissue Loss in Montipora capitata SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HYDROID HYDRACTINIA-SYMBIOLONGICARPUS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GERM-CELL PARASITISM; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COLONIAL UROCHORDATE; BOTRYLLUS-SCHLOSSERI; WHITE SYNDROME; INDO-PACIFIC; FUSION; ALLORECOGNITION AB Montipora white syndrome (MWS) results in tissue-loss that is often lethal to Montipora capitata, a major reef building coral that is abundant and dominant in the Hawai'ian Archipelago. Within some MWS-affected colonies in Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawai'i, we saw unusual motile multicellular structures within gastrovascular canals (hereafter referred to as invasive gastrovascular multicellular structure-IGMS) that were associated with thinning and fragmentation of the basal body wall. IGMS were in significantly greater densities in coral fragments manifesting tissue-loss compared to paired normal fragments. Mesenterial filaments from these colonies yielded typical M. capitata mitochondrial haplotypes (CO1, CR), while IGMS from the same colony consistently yielded distinct haplotypes previously only found in a different Montipora species (Montipora flabellata). Protein profiles showed consistent differences between paired mesenterial filaments and IGMS from the same colonies as did seven microsatellite loci that also exhibited an excess of alleles per locus inconsistent with a single diploid organism. We hypothesize that IGMS are a parasitic cellular lineage resulting from the chimeric fusion between M. capitata and M. flabellata larvae followed by morphological reabsorption of M. flabellata and subsequent formation of cell-lineage parasites. We term this disease Montiporaiasis. Although intra-specific chimerism is common in colonial animals, this is the first suspected inter-specific example and the first associated with tissue loss. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Work, Thierry M.; Forsman, Zac H.; Szabo, Zoltan; Aeby, Greta S.; Toonen, Robert J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Lewis, Teresa D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Fish Hlth Unit, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Honolulu Field Stn, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 FU United States Geological Survey; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) [1455]; School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology [8214]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership [2005-008/66882]; National Science Foundation [06-23678] FX This project was funded in part by the United States Geological Survey (www.usgs.gov) and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) (http://www.hawaii.edu/himb/) HIMB contribution No. 1455 and School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology contribution No. 8214. ZHF, ZS and GSA were supported by a fellowship from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Sanctuaries Partnership MOA# 2005-008/66882, and DNA extraction and sequencing costs were supported by National Science Foundation OCE# 06-23678 to RJT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e22869 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022869 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 799KC UT WOS:000293284600060 PM 21829541 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Pilliod, DS Arkle, RS Waits, LP AF Goldberg, Caren S. Pilliod, David S. Arkle, Robert S. Waits, Lisette P. TI Molecular Detection of Vertebrates in Stream Water: A Demonstration Using Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs and Idaho Giant Salamanders SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM; SAMPLES; FISH AB Stream ecosystems harbor many secretive and imperiled species, and studies of vertebrates in these systems face the challenges of relatively low detection rates and high costs. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been confirmed as a sensitive and efficient tool for documenting aquatic vertebrates in wetlands and in a large river and canal system. However, it was unclear whether this tool could be used to detect low-density vertebrates in fast-moving streams where shed cells may travel rapidly away from their source. To evaluate the potential utility of eDNA techniques in stream systems, we designed targeted primers to amplify a short, species-specific DNA fragment for two secretive stream amphibian species in the northwestern region of the United States (Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, and Idaho giant salamanders, Dicamptodon aterrimus). We tested three DNA extraction and five PCR protocols to determine whether we could detect eDNA of these species in filtered water samples from five streams with varying densities of these species in central Idaho, USA. We successfully amplified and sequenced the targeted DNA regions for both species from stream water filter samples. We detected Idaho giant salamanders in all samples and Rocky Mountain tailed frogs in four of five streams and found some indication that these species are more difficult to detect using eDNA in early spring than in early fall. While the sensitivity of this method across taxa remains to be determined, the use of eDNA could revolutionize surveys for rare and invasive stream species. With this study, the utility of eDNA techniques for detecting aquatic vertebrates has been demonstrated across the majority of freshwater systems, setting the stage for an innovative transformation in approaches for aquatic research. C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM cgoldberg@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015; OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU United States Geological Survey Amphibian and Reptile Monitoring Initiative FX Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey Amphibian and Reptile Monitoring Initiative. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 16 U2 183 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e22746 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022746 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 798BE UT WOS:000293175100047 PM 21818382 ER PT J AU Liu, JX Vogelmann, JE Zhu, ZL Key, CH Sleeter, BM Price, DT Chen, JM Cochrane, MA Eidenshink, JC Howard, SM Bliss, NB Jiang, H AF Liu, Jinxun Vogelmann, James E. Zhu, Zhiliang Key, Carl H. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Price, David T. Chen, Jing M. Cochrane, Mark A. Eidenshink, Jeffery C. Howard, Stephen M. Bliss, Norman B. Jiang, Hong TI Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000 SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling CY OCT 06-09, 2009 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecolog Modelling DE Fire disturbance; Land cover change; CO2 fertilization; Climate change; IBIS ID INTEGRATED BIOSPHERE SIMULATOR; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FERTILIZATION; FOREST; BOREAL; CLIMATE; BALANCE; CANADA; GROWTH AB Land use change, natural disturbance, and climate change directly alter ecosystem productivity and carbon stock level. The estimation of ecosystem carbon dynamics depends on the quality of land cover change data and the effectiveness of the ecosystem models that represent the vegetation growth processes and disturbance effects. We used the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and a set of 30- to 60-m resolution fire and land cover change data to examine the carbon changes of California's forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Simulation results indicate that during 1951-2000, the net primary productivity (NPP) increased by 7%, from 72.2 to 77.1 Tg C yr(-1) (1 teragram = 10(12) g), mainly due to CO2 fertilization, since the climate hardly changed during this period. Similarly, heterotrophic respiration increased by 5%, from 69.4 to 73.1 Tg Cyr(-1), mainly due to increased forest soil carbon and temperature. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was highly variable in the 50-year period but on average equalled 3.0 Tg C yr(-1) (total of 149 Tg C). As with NEP, the net biome production (NBP) was also highly variable but averaged -0.55 Tg C yr(-1) (total of -27.3 Tg C) because NBP in the 1980s was very low (-5.34 Tg C yr(-1)). During the study period, a total of 126 Tg carbon were removed by logging and land use change, and 50 Tg carbon were directly removed by wildland fires. For carbon pools, the estimated total living upper canopy (tree) biomass decreased from 928 to 834 Tg C, and the understory (including shrub and grass) biomass increased from 59 to 63 Tg C. Soil carbon and dead biomass carbon increased from 1136 to 1197 Tg C. Our analyses suggest that both natural and human processes have significant influence on the carbon change in California. During 1951-2000, climate interannual variability was the key driving force for the large interannual changes of ecosystem carbon source and sink at the state level, while logging and fire were the dominant driving forces for carbon balances in several specific ecoregions. From a long-term perspective. CO2 fertilization plays a key role in maintaining higher NPP. However, our study shows that the increase in C sequestration by CO2 fertilization is largely offset by logging/land use change and wildland fires. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Jinxun] SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Vogelmann, James E.; Eidenshink, Jeffery C.; Howard, Stephen M.] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Key, Carl H.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Pacific Geog Sci Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Price, David T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. [Cochrane, Mark A.] S Dakota State Univ, GIScCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Bliss, Norman B.] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jiang, Hong] Zhejiang Forestry Univ, Int Ctr Spatial Ecol & Ecosyst Ecol, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Liu, JX (reprint author), SGT Inc, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jxliu@usgs.gov OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 14 SI SI BP 2333 EP 2341 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796GB UT WOS:000293038700014 ER PT J AU Stankiewicz, J Munoz, G Ritter, O Bedrosian, PA Ryberg, T Weckmann, U Weber, M AF Stankiewicz, J. Munoz, G. Ritter, O. Bedrosian, P. A. Ryberg, T. Weckmann, U. Weber, M. TI Shallow lithological structure across the Dead Sea Transform derived from geophysical experiments SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE magnetotellurics; seismic tomography ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; BASIN; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; ISRAEL; RIFT; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; INVERSION AB In the framework of the DEad SEa Rift Transect (DESERT) project a 150 km magnetotelluric profile consisting of 154 sites was carried out across the Dead Sea Transform. The resistivity model presented shows conductive structures in the western section of the study area terminating abruptly at the Arava Fault. For a more detailed analysis we performed a joint interpretation of the resistivity model with a P wave velocity model from a partially coincident seismic experiment. The technique used is a statistical correlation of resistivity and velocity values in parameter space. Regions of high probability of a coexisting pair of values for the two parameters are mapped back into the spatial domain, illustrating the geographical location of lithological classes. In this study, four regions of enhanced probability have been identified, and are remapped as four lithological classes. This technique confirms the Arava Fault marks the boundary of a highly conductive lithological class down to a depth of similar to 3 km. That the fault acts as an impermeable barrier to fluid flow is unusual for large fault zone, which often exhibit a fault zone characterized by high conductivity and low seismic velocity. At greater depths it is possible to resolve the Precambrian basement into two classes characterized by vastly different resistivity values but similar seismic velocities. The boundary between these classes is approximately coincident with the Al Quweira Fault, with higher resistivities observed east of the fault. This is interpreted as evidence for the original deformation along the DST originally taking place at the Al Quweira Fault, before being shifted to the Arava Fault. C1 [Stankiewicz, J.; Munoz, G.; Ritter, O.; Ryberg, T.; Weckmann, U.; Weber, M.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Bedrosian, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Weber, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. RP Stankiewicz, J (reprint author), Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM jacek@gfz-potsdam.de RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; Weber, Michael/D-8330-2013 OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Ministry of Infrastructure of Israel; Natural Resources Authority of Jordan; An-Najan National University in Nablus, Palestine; Helmholtz-Russia Joint Research Groups [HRJRG-110]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The DESERT project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The National Ministry of Infrastructure of Israel, the Natural Resources Authority of Jordan, and the An-Najan National University in Nablus, Palestine, are thanked for their support. The instruments were provided by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). We gratefully acknowledge the work of all the field crews. J.S. is funded by the Helmholtz-Russia Joint Research Groups (Project HRJRG-110). P.A.B. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Robert J. Stern and anonymous reviewers provided constructive feedback on earlier versions of the article. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 23 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q07019 DI 10.1029/2011GC003678 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 797AL UT WOS:000293094500002 ER PT J AU Jamieson, EC Rennie, CD Jacobson, RB Townsend, RD AF Jamieson, E. C. Rennie, C. D. Jacobson, R. B. Townsend, R. D. TI 3-D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the Missouri River SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; GROYNE FIELDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VESSEL MEASUREMENTS; PRACTICAL ASPECTS; SECONDARY FLOW; FIXED-VESSEL; RIO-PARANA; VELOCITY; VORTEX AB Detailed mapping of bathymetry and three-dimensional water velocities using a boat-mounted single-beam sonar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was carried out in the vicinity of two submerged wing dikes located in the Lower Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri. During high spring flows the wing dikes become submerged, creating a unique combination of vertical flow separation and overtopping (plunging) flow conditions, causing large-scale three-dimensional turbulent flow structures to form. On three different days and for a range of discharges, sampling transects at 5 and 20 m spacing were completed, covering the area adjacent to and upstream and downstream from two different wing dikes. The objectives of this research are to evaluate whether an ADCP can identify and measure large-scale flow features such as recirculating flow and vortex shedding that develop in the vicinity of a submerged wing dike; and whether or not moving-boat (single-transect) data are sufficient for resolving complex three-dimensional flow fields. Results indicate that spatial averaging from multiple nearby single transects may be more representative of an inherently complex (temporally and spatially variable) three-dimensional flow field than repeated single transects. Results also indicate a correspondence between the location of calculated vortex cores (resolved from the interpolated three-dimensional flow field) and the nearby scour holes, providing new insight into the connections between vertically oriented coherent structures and local scour, with the unique perspective of flow and morphology in a large river. C1 [Jamieson, E. C.; Rennie, C. D.; Townsend, R. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Jacobson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Jamieson, EC (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM elizabeth.jamieson@uottawa.ca RI Rennie, Colin/D-1852-2015 OI Rennie, Colin/0000-0003-0683-1932 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W07544 DI 10.1029/2010WR010043 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 796YZ UT WOS:000293090700002 ER PT J AU Angal, A Chander, G Xiong, XX Choi, T Wu, AS AF Angal, Amit Chander, Gyanesh Xiong, Xiaoxiong Choi, Taeyoung Wu, Aisheng TI Characterization of the Sonoran desert as a radiometric calibration target for Earth observing sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Sonoran; calibration; bidirectional reflectance distribution function; ETM; Libya4; Hyperion; characterization; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ID CHANNELS AB To provide highly accurate quantitative measurements of the Earth's surface, a comprehensive calibration and validation of the satellite sensors is required. The NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Characterization Support Team, in collaboration with United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, has previously demonstrated the use of African desert sites to monitor the long-term calibration stability of Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+). The current study focuses on evaluating the suitability of the Sonoran Desert test site for post-launch long-term radiometric calibration as well as cross-calibration purposes. Due to the lack of historical and on-going in situ ground measurements, the Sonoran Desert is not usually used for absolute calibration. An in-depth evaluation (spatial, temporal, and spectral stability) of this site using well calibrated L7 ETM+ measurements and local climatology data has been performed. The Sonoran Desert site produced spatial variability of about 3 to 5% in the reflective solar regions, and the temporal variations of the site after correction for view-geometry impacts were generally around 3%. The results demonstrate that, barring the impacts due to occasional precipitation, the Sonoran Desert site can be effectively used for cross-calibration and longterm stability monitoring of satellite sensors, thus, providing a good test site in the western hemisphere. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3613963] C1 [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung; Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM amit.angal@ssaihq.com RI Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX The authors thank Thomas Adamson (SGT) and Brian Wenny (MCST) for providing helpful comments in the technical review of this manuscript. Work at SGT, Inc. performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 059502 DI 10.1117/1.3613963 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 807GE UT WOS:000293883500001 ER PT J AU Pfaff, K Koenig, A Wenzel, T Ridley, I Hildebrandt, LH Leach, DL Markl, G AF Pfaff, Katharina Koenig, Alan Wenzel, Thomas Ridley, Ian Hildebrandt, Ludwig H. Leach, David L. Markl, Gregor TI Trace and minor element variations and sulfur isotopes in crystalline and colloform ZnS: Incorporation mechanisms and implications for their genesis SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colloform sphalerite; Schalenblende; MVT; Hydrothermal ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SCHWARZWALD ORE DISTRICT; FLUID INCLUSION ANALYSES; PB-AG DEPOSITS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SPHALERITE COSMOBAROMETER; SULFIDE MINERALIZATION; REDUCING BACTERIA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COPPER-DEPOSIT AB Various models have been proposed to explain the formation mechanism of colloform sphalerite, but the origin is still under debate. In order to decipher influences on trace element incorporation and sulfur isotope composition, crystalline and colloform sphalerite from the carbonate-hosted Mississippi-Valley Type (MVT) deposit near Wiesloch, SW Germany, were investigated and compared to sphalerite samples from 52 hydrothermal vein-type deposits in the Schwarzwald ore district, SW Germany to study the influence of different host rocks, formation mechanisms and fluid origin on trace element incorporation. Trace and minor element incorporation in sphalerite shows some correlation to their host rock and/or origin of fluid, gangue, paragenetic minerals and precipitation mechanisms (e.g., diagenetic processes, fluid cooling or fluid mixing). Furthermore, crystalline sphalerite is generally enriched in elements like Cd, Cu, Sb and Ag compared to colloform sphalerite that mainly incorporates elements like As, Pb and Tl. In addition, sulfur isotopes are characterized by positive values for crystalline and strongly negative values for colloform sphalerite. The combination of trace element contents, typical minerals associated with colloform sphalerite from Wiesloch, sulfur isotopes and thermodynamic considerations helped to evaluate the involvement of sulfate-reducing bacteria in water-filled karst cavities. Sulfate-reducing bacteria cause a sulfide-rich environment that leads in case of a metal-rich fluid supply to a sudden oversaturation of the fluid with respect to galena, sphalerite and pyrite. This, however, exactly coincides with the observed crystallization sequence of samples involving colloform sphalerite from the Wiesloch MVT deposit. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pfaff, Katharina; Wenzel, Thomas; Markl, Gregor] Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Koenig, Alan; Ridley, Ian; Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.] Buro Denkmalpflege & Umweltschutz, D-69168 Wiesloch, Germany. RP Markl, G (reprint author), Fachbereich Geowissensch, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM katharina.pfaff@uni-tuebingen.de; akoenig@usgs.gov; thomas.wenzel@uni-tuebingen.de; iridley@usgs.gov; Ludwig.Hildebrandt@online.de; dleach5100@me.com; markl@uni-tuebingen.de FU University of Tubingen (Promotionsverbund Wiesloch); Wilhem Schuler Stiftung FX We express our thanks to Udo Neumann, Sebastian Staude and Florian Strobele for their help and insightful discussions and Andreas Kronz is greatly acknowledged for cross-checking our analytical procedure. The Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Georg Wittmer, Adam Seigfried, and the University of Heidelberg are thanked for sample material and the Heidelberg Zement AG (Dr. Schneider), and the Hessler quarry (Peter Gramespacher) are thanked for granting access to their quarries and for their support. Thanks to Indra Gill-Kopp, Johannes Holzapfel, Michael Pribil, Garth Graham and Erin Marsh for their help with sample preparation, in the lab and with figures. We greatly acknowledge the very detailed and constructive reviews of Karen Kelley and Ulrich Hein and the helpful remarks of the Editor Jeremy Fein. Financial support for this work was granted by the University of Tubingen (Promotionsverbund Wiesloch) and by the Wilhem Schuler Stiftung (Travel Grant to the US Geological Survey in Denver), for which we are grateful. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 118 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.018 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 799WQ UT WOS:000293317300006 ER PT J AU Dekov, V Boycheva, T Halenius, U Petersen, S Billstrom, K Stummeyer, J Kamenov, G Shanks, W AF Dekov, Vesselin Boycheva, Tanya Halenius, Ulf Petersen, Sven Billstrom, Kjell Stummeyer, Jens Kamenov, George Shanks, Wayne TI Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14 degrees 45 ' N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atacamite; Au; Logatchev hydrothermal field; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; O-Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes; Paratacamite ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HYDROTHERMAL FIELD; MASSIVE SULFIDES; SULFUR ISOTOPE; COPPER-DEPOSITS; LUCKY STRIKE; DEGREES N; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Atacamite and paratacamite are ubiquitous minerals associated with Cu-rich massive sulfides at the Logatchev hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). In this work we provide new details on the mineralogy and geochemistry of these basic cupric chlorides. Our data support the notion that atacamite and paratacamite formation at submarine vent fields is an alteration process of hydrothermal Cu-sulfides. Secondary Cu-sulfides (bornite, covellite) are unstable at ambient seawater conditions and will dissolve. Dissolution is focused at the sulfide-seawater contact, leading to release of Fe(2+) and Cu(+) and formation of residual chalcocite through an intermediate Cu(5)S(4) phase. Most of the released Fe(2+) oxidizes immediately and precipitates as FeOOH directly on the chalcocite rims whereas Cu as chloride complexes (CuCl(2)(-), CuCl(3)(2-)) remains in solution at the same Eh. Cuprous-chloride complexes migrate from the reaction zone and upon increasing Eh precipitate as Cu(2)Cl (OH)(3). As a consequence of this, the sulfide-seawater reaction interface is clearly marked by thin chalcocite-FeOOH bands and the entire assemblage is mantled by atacamite (or paratacamite). Our mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and isotopic studies suggest that there are two types of atacamite (and/or paratacamite) depending on their mode of precipitation. Type 1 atacamite precipitated directly on the parent sulfides as evidenced by mantling of the sulfides, absence of detrital mineral grains, a preserved conspicuous positive Eu anomaly and a negligible negative Ce anomaly similar to those of the parent sulfide. In addition, Au concentrations are slightly lower than those of the parent sulfides, which suggest minimal transport of Au-ions after their release from the sulfides. Furthermore, the low content of the rare earth elements implies short contact time with the ambient seawater. The Sr-Nd-Pb-isotopic signatures of type 1 atacamite confirm the genetic association with the parent sulfides and indicate formation spatially very close to the latter. Type 2 atacamite precipitated at some distance from the parent sulfides, which means that the cuprous-chloride complexes have moved away from the sulfide alteration zone before precipitation. The evidence for this is absence of direct association of atacamite with sulfides. In addition, this atacamite contains a substantial proportion of detrital minerals, which implies precipitation in the sediments, distal to the parent sulfides. As a consequence of the detrital impurities the contents of elements like Cr, Cs, Hf, Nb, Rb,Th and Zr are higher than in type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite). Au contents are lower than those of type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite) which implies prolonged Au transport in solution before precipitation. Furthermore, the rare earth element distribution patterns have no positive Eu anomaly suggesting that the positive Eu anomaly of the parent sulfide has been erased after dissolution and prolonged contact of the fluid with ambient seawater (with negative Eu anomaly). Finally, the Sr-Nd-isotope signature differs from that of the parent sulfide and indicates a considerable terrigenous input. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dekov, Vesselin] Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. [Boycheva, Tanya] Univ Sofia, Dept Mineral Petr & Econ Geol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. [Halenius, Ulf] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Petersen, Sven] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Billstrom, Kjell] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Stummeyer, Jens] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Kamenov, George] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shanks, Wayne] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dekov, V (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, 15 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. EM dekov@gea.uni-sofia.bg RI Petersen, Sven/N-9528-2016 OI Petersen, Sven/0000-0002-5469-105X FU SYNTHESYS [SE-TAF-5065]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This study was supported by SYNTHESYS (SE-TAF-5065; EC Research Infrastructure Action, FP6 Structuring the European Research Area) grant to T. Boycheva and Resumption of the Research Fellowship (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) grant to V. Dekov, which are greatly appreciated. Sincere thanks go to M. Davydov (VNIIkeangeologia, St. Petersburg) who kindly provided the sample from Logatchev-2 field. Samples from the Logatchev-1 field were collected within the framework of the German DFG Priority Program 1144: "From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material-, and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes". We wish to thank Laurie Reisberg, Eion Cameron and Matt Leybourne for their critical remarks, which substantially improved the quality of this work, and the masters and crews of R/V Meteor and R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya for their help in sample recovery. This is SPP1144 contribution number 0059. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 799WQ UT WOS:000293317300010 ER PT J AU Alford, SE Alt, JC Shanks, WC AF Alford, Susan E. Alt, Jeffrey C. Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Sulfur geochemistry and microbial sulfate reduction during low-temperature alteration of uplifted lower oceanic crust: Insights from ODP Hole 735B SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sulfur isotopes; Hydrothermal systems; Mid-ocean ridges; Subsurface biosphere; Ocean Drilling Program; Hole 735B ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SW INDIAN RIDGE; CORE COMPLEXES; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PYRRHOTITE OXIDATION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; DEEP-SEA AB Sulfide petrography plus whole rock contents and isotope ratios of sulfur were measured in a 1.5 km section of oceanic gabbros in order to understand the geochemistry of sulfur cycling during low-temperature seawater alteration of the lower oceanic crust, and to test whether microbial effects may be present. Most samples have low SO(4)/Sigma S values (<= 0.15), have retained igneous globules of pyrrhotite +/- chalcopyrite +/- pentlandite, and host secondary aggregates of pyrrhotite and pyrite laths in smectite +/- iron-oxyhydroxide +/- magnetite +/- calcite pseudomorphs of olivine and clinopyroxene. Compared to fresh gabbro containing 100-1800 ppm sulfur our data indicate an overall addition of sulfide to the lower crust. Selection of samples altered only at temperatures <= 110 degrees C constrains microbial sulfate reduction as the only viable mechanism for the observed sulfide addition, which may have been enabled by the production of H(2) from oxidation of associated olivine and pyroxene. The wide range in delta(34)S(sulfide) values (-1.5 to + 16.3 parts per thousand) and variable additions of sulfide are explained by variable epsilon(sulfate-sulfide) under open system pathways, with a possible progression into closed system pathways. Some samples underwent oxidation related to seawater penetration along permeable fault horizons and have lost sulfur, have high SO(4)/Sigma S (>= 0.46) and variable delta(34)S(sulfide) (0.7 to 16.9 parts per thousand). Negative delta(34)S(sulfate)-delta 34S(sulfide) values for the majority of samples indicate kinetic isotope fractionation during oxidation of sulfide minerals. Depth trends in sulfide-sulfur contents and sulfide mineral assemblages indicate a late-stage downward penetration of seawater into the lower 1 km of Hole 735B. Our results show that under appropriate temperature conditions, a subsurface biosphere can persist in the lower oceanic crust and alter its geochemistry. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alford, Susan E.; Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Alford, Susan E.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 North Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM salford@ucmerced.edu; jalt@umich.edu; pshanks@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0622949] FX This research used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), with financial support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-0622949). The authors thank Roland Thurston for analytical work. Wolfgang Bach and Adelie Delacour provided helpful reviews. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.005 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 799WQ UT WOS:000293317300011 ER PT J AU Hechinger, RF Lafferty, KD Dobson, AP Brown, JH Kuris, AM AF Hechinger, Ryan F. Lafferty, Kevin D. Dobson, Andy P. Brown, James H. Kuris, Armand M. TI A Common Scaling Rule for Abundance, Energetics, and Production of Parasitic and Free-Living Species SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION ENERGY-USE; BODY-SIZE; FOOD WEBS; EQUIVALENCE RULE; METABOLIC-RATE; DENSITY; MASS; ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES AB The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -3/4 power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic. C1 [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hechinger, Ryan F.; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dobson, Andy P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dobson, Andy P.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hechinger, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU NSF/NIH [DEB-0224565]; CA Sea Grant [R/OPCENV-01] FX We thank S. Sokolow, J. McLaughlin, J. Childress, and J. Damuth for discussion or comments on the manuscript. Supported by NSF/NIH EID grant DEB-0224565 and by CA Sea Grant R/OPCENV-01. The analyses in this manuscript used data published in Hechinger et al. (25), available at Ecological Archives (accession no. E092-066). NR 31 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 84 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6041 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1126/science.1204337 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 795FR UT WOS:000292959600043 PM 21778398 ER PT J AU Choi, MK Moon, CH Ko, MS Lee, UH Cho, WJ Cha, SJ Do, JW Heo, GJ Jeong, SG Hahm, YS Harmache, A Bremont, M Kurath, G Park, JW AF Choi, Myeong Kyu Moon, Chang Hoon Ko, Myoung Seok Lee, Unn-Hwa Cho, Wha Ja Cha, Seung Ju Do, Jeong Wan Heo, Gang Joon Jeong, Soo Geun Hahm, Yoo Sik Harmache, Abdallah Bremont, Michel Kurath, Gael Park, Jeong Woo TI A Nuclear Localization of the Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus NV Protein Is Necessary for Optimal Viral Growth SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NS1 PROTEIN; MATRIX PROTEIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; PHOSPHOPROTEIN-P; GENE-EXPRESSION; BETA-INTERFERON AB The nonvirion (NV) protein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been previously reported to be essential for efficient growth and pathogenicity of IHNV. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the NV supports the viral growth. In this study, cellular localization of NV and its role in IHNV growth in host cells was investigated. Through transient transfection in RTG-2 cells of NV fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), a nuclear localization of NV was demonstrated. Deletion analyses showed that the (32)EGDL(35) residues were essential for nuclear localization of NV protein, and fusion of these 4 amino acids to GFP directed its transport to the nucleus. We generated a recombinant IHNV, rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL in which the (32)EGDL(35) was deleted from the NV. rIHNVs with wild-type NV (rIHNV-NV) or with the NV gene replaced with GFP (rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP) were used as controls. RTG-2 cells infected with rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL yielded 12- and 5-fold less infectious virion, respectively, than wild type rIHNV-infected cells at 48 h post-infection (p.i.). While treatment with poly I: C at 24 h p.i. did not inhibit replication of wild-type rIHNVs, replication rates of rIHNV-Delta NV-GFP and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL were inhibited by poly I: C. In addition, both rIHNV-Delta NV and rIHNV-NV-Delta EGDL induced higher levels of expressions of both IFN1 and Mx1 than wild-type rIHNV. These data suggest that the IHNV NV may support the growth of IHNV through inhibition of the INF system and the amino acid residues of 32 EGDL 35 responsible for nuclear localization are important for the inhibitory activity of NV. C1 [Choi, Myeong Kyu; Moon, Chang Hoon; Ko, Myoung Seok; Lee, Unn-Hwa; Park, Jeong Woo] Univ Ulsan, Dept Biol Sci, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Cho, Wha Ja; Cha, Seung Ju] Univ Ulsan, Ulsan Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Biomed Res Ctr, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Do, Jeong Wan] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, S & W Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Yeosu, South Korea. [Heo, Gang Joon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Cheongju, South Korea. [Choi, Myeong Kyu; Jeong, Soo Geun; Hahm, Yoo Sik] Ulsan Inst Hlth & Environm, Ulsan, South Korea. [Harmache, Abdallah; Bremont, Michel] INRA CRJ, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, Jouy En Josas, France. [Moon, Chang Hoon; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Choi, MK (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Dept Biol Sci, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. EM jwpark@ulsan.ac.kr RI HARMACHE, ABDALLAH/E-7274-2011; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; harmache, abdallah/0000-0002-7377-7641 FU Korean government ( MEST) [2009-0060042, BRL-2009-0087350] FX This project was partially supported by a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government ( MEST), grant code: 2009-0060042 and BRL-2009-0087350, http://www.nrf.re.kr/html/en/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e22362 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022362 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 795FA UT WOS:000292956800047 PM 21814578 ER PT J AU George, DL AF George, D. L. TI Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE shallow water; finite volume methods; mesh adaptation; hyperbolic PDE; hydrodynamics; validation ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SOURCE TERMS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; MESH REFINEMENT; SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STATES; FLOWS AB The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet-dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at www.clawpack.org. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP George, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dgeorge@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1000 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/fld.2298 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 776UG UT WOS:000291563100004 ER PT J AU Fan, YJ Ge, ZF Luo, AX AF Fan, Yijun Ge, Zhongfu Luo, Aoxue TI In vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; polysaccharide; antioxidant activity; free radicals ID EXTRACTS; CAPACITY; CONSTITUENTS; PURIFICATION; EXERCISE; PIGMENTS; LEAVES; CROCIN; WATER AB A water-soluble polysaccharide, GP, was isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis through hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The in vitro free radicals scavenging tests exhibited that GP has significant scavenging abilities especially for ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals, which suggests that the polysaccharide GP is a novel antioxidant. C1 [Fan, Yijun; Luo, Aoxue] Sichuan Agr Univ, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China. [Ge, Zhongfu] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Luo, AX (reprint author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China. EM aoxueluo@hotmail.com FU Sichuan Department of Education [08ZD036] FX This study was supported by a research fund (08ZD036) of Sichuan Department of Education. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1996-0875 J9 J MED PLANTS RES JI J. Med. Plants Res. PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 5 IS 14 BP 2963 EP 2968 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 885AG UT WOS:000299749400006 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Chou, IM Hu, WX Burruss, RC Sun, Q Song, YC AF Wang, Xiaolin Chou, I. -Ming Hu, Wenxuan Burruss, Robert C. Sun, Qiang Song, Yucai TI Raman spectroscopic measurements of CO2 density: Experimental calibration with high-pressure optical cell (HPOC) and fused silica capillary capsule (FSCC) with application to fluid inclusion observations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MANTLE XENOLITHS; GOLD MINERALIZATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MIXTURES; DEPOSIT; SYSTEM; MICROTHERMOMETRY; GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOBAROMETRY AB Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for the determination of CO2 densities in fluid inclusions, especially for those with small size and/or low fluid density. The relationship between CO2 Fermi diad split (Delta, cm(-1)) and CO2 density (rho, g/cm(3)) has been documented by several previous studies. However, significant discrepancies exist among these studies mainly because of inconsistent calibration procedures and lack of measurements for CO2 fluids having densities between 0.21 and 0.75 g/cm3, where liquid and vapor phases coexist near room temperature. In this study, a high-pressure optical cell and fused silica capillary capsules were used to prepare pure CO2 samples with densities between 0.0472 and 1.0060 g/cm(3). The measured CO2 Fermi diad splits were calibrated with two well established Raman bands of benzonitrile at 1192.6 and 1598.9 cm(-1). The relationship between the CO2 Fermi diad split and density can be represented by: rho = 47513.64243 - 1374.824414 x Delta + 13.25586152 x Delta(2) - 0.04258891551 x Delta(3) (r(2) = 0.99835, r = 0.0253 g/cm(3)), and this relationship was tested by synthetic fluid inclusions and natural CO2-rich fluid inclusions. The effects of temperature and the presence of H2O and CH4 on this relationship were also examined. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xiaolin; Hu, Wenxuan] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Chou, I. -Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 955, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sun, Qiang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Song, Yucai] China Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM xl.wang.geo@gmail.com RI SUN, Li-Qiang/A-8410-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072091]; China Scholarship Council; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Professor Guoxiang Chi of Department of Geology, University of Regina, for proving natural CO2-rich fluid inclusions. We also thank the Associate Editor, Zhenhao Duan, Jean Dubessy of Departement des Sciences de la Terre Facultedes Sciences, Universite Henri-Poincare, Robert Seal II and Brennan T. Sean of U. S. Geological Survey, and two anonymous referees for their constructive reviews and suggestions. This work was partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072091), the China Scholarship Council, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purpose only and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S Geological Survey and the U. S. Government. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 14 BP 4080 EP 4093 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.028 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 796YT UT WOS:000293090100013 ER PT J AU Boyles, JG Cryan, PM Mccracken, GF Kunz, TH AF Boyles, Justin G. Cryan, Paul M. Mccracken, Gary F. Kunz, Thomas H. TI Concerns About Extrapolating Right Off the Bat Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Boyles, Justin G.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Mccracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Boyles, JG (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM jgboyles@zoology.up.ac.za RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6040 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 792HF UT WOS:000292732000018 ER PT J AU Pederson, GT Gray, ST Woodhouse, CA Betancourt, JL Fagre, DB Littell, JS Watson, E Luckman, BH Graumlich, LJ AF Pederson, Gregory T. Gray, Stephen T. Woodhouse, Connie A. Betancourt, Julio L. Fagre, Daniel B. Littell, Jeremy S. Watson, Emma Luckman, Brian H. Graumlich, Lisa J. TI The Unusual Nature of Recent Snowpack Declines in the North American Cordillera SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE-RINGS; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; CANADIAN-ROCKIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; EARLIER; USA AB In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States. C1 [Pederson, Gregory T.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.; Gray, Stephen T.; Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Watson, Emma; Luckman, Brian H.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM gpederson@usgs.gov RI Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; NSF [GSS-0620793, DEB-0734277, 980931, 9729571]; USGS; Denver Water Board; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1232, 1856]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310371]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [8847] FX We thank S. Laursen for project assistance; G. McCabe and D. McWethey for helpful comments; and T. Chesley-Preston (USGS), L. Clampitt (USGS), S. Moore [Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)], B. Ralston (ESRI), and L. Saunders (ESRI) for assistance building animations and Web-mapping tools for the snowpack database. We give a special thanks to contributors to the International Tree Ring Databank and M. Colenutt, D. Meko, and T. Knight for the invaluable tree-ring records. This research was financially supported in part by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative and NSF (grants GSS-0620793 and DEB-0734277). C. A. W. was supported by NSF (grants 980931 and 9729571), USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program, and the Denver Water Board. J.S.L was supported by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232 (contribution 1856) and NOAA Climate Program Office Sector Applications Research Program (grant NA07OAR4310371). B. H. L was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant 8847). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. G. T. P, S. T. G, C. A. W., and L.J.G planned the project, contributed data, and designed and participated in the data analyses and writing of the paper. G. T. P and S. T. G. conducted all the analyses. J.L.B. and D. B. F. contributed substantially to the analysis design and writing of the paper. J.S.L, E. W., and B. H. L provided critical northern cordilleran tree-ring chronologies and contributed to the writing of the paper. Reprints and permissions information is available online at www.sciencemag.org/site/about/permissions.xhtml. The authors declare no competing financial interests. All of the snowpack reconstructions and tree-ring chronologies used to generate them are available online at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology in Boulder, Colorado, USA (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/pederson2011/pederson2011.html) and from the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center in Bozeman, Montana, USA (www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/NorthAmerSnowpack/). NR 31 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6040 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1126/science.1201570 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 792HF UT WOS:000292732000040 PM 21659569 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW AF Hodgkins, Glenn A. Dudley, Robert W. TI Historical summer base flow and stormflow trends for New England rivers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY AB River base flow is important to aquatic ecosystems, particularly because of its influence on summer water temperatures. Summer (June through September) daily mean streamflows were separated into base flow and stormflow components by use of an automated method at 25 stations in the New England region of the United States that drain predominantly natural basins. Summer monthly mean base flows increased from 1950-2006 at most stations in western New England with many large increases (>20%) and some very large increases (>50%) in and near New Hampshire and Vermont. The same was true for increases in summer 7 day low base flows in and near New Hampshire and Vermont during this same period; in contrast, there were small and large decreases in 7 day low base flows in northern and coastal areas of Maine. Summer stormflows increased from 1950-2006 by more than 50% at many stations in New England, particularly in and near New Hampshire and Vermont. The increases in base flows and stormflows at many stations in and near New Hampshire and Vermont were likely driven by the large increases in summer precipitation recorded at weather stations in this area. Summer rainfall increased at most weather stations in New England from 1950-2006 with many increases of more than 20% in western New England. Summer air temperature increased on average by 1.1 degrees C from 1950-2006 in New England and may have played a role in the decreased base flows in northern and coastal Maine through increased evapotranspiration. Many variables increased less from 1930-2006 than from 1950-2006. C1 [Hodgkins, Glenn A.; Dudley, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov; rwdudley@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W07528 DI 10.1029/2010WR009109 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 793SY UT WOS:000292844600002 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Jones, BM Urban, FE Grosse, G AF Arp, Christopher D. Jones, Benjamin M. Urban, Frank E. Grosse, Guido TI Hydrogeomorphic processes of thermokarst lakes with grounded-ice and floating-ice regimes on the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Arctic coastal plain; thermokarst lakes; shoreline erosion; water balance; lake ice ID BEAUFORT SEA COAST; WATER AVAILABILITY; NORTHERN ALASKA; ORIENTED LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; THAW LAKES; CANADA; EVAPORATION; COVER AB Thermokarst lakes cover > 20% of the landscape throughout much of the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) with shallow lakes freezing solid (grounded ice) and deeper lakes maintaining perennial liquid water (floating ice). Thus, lake depth relative to maximum ice thickness (1.5-2.0 m) represents an important threshold that impacts permafrost, aquatic habitat, and potentially geomorphic and hydrologic behaviour. We studied coupled hydrogeomorphic processes of 13 lakes representing a depth gradient across this threshold of maximum ice thickness by analysing remotely sensed, water quality, and climatic data over a 35-year period. Shoreline erosion rates due to permafrost degradation ranged from <0.2 m/year in very shallow lakes (0.4 m) up to 1.8 m/year in the deepest lakes (2.6 m). This pattern of thermokarst expansion masked detection of lake hydrologic change using remotely sensed imagery except for the shallowest lakes with stable shorelines. Changes in the surface area of these shallow lakes tracked interannual variation in precipitation minus evaporation (P - E-L) with periods of full and nearly dry basins. Shorter-term (2004-2008) specific conductance data indicated a drying pattern across lakes of all depths consistent with the long-term record for only shallow lakes. Our analysis suggests that grounded-ice lakes are ice-free on average 37 days longer than floating-ice lakes resulting in a longer period of evaporative loss and more frequent negative P - E-L. These results suggest divergent hydrogeomorphic responses to a changing Arctic climate depending on the threshold created by water depth relative to maximum ice thickness in ACP lakes. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Urban, Frank E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU Alaska Science Center through the Department of Interior Landscape; NASA [NNX08AJ37G] FX We thank Richard Beck at University of Cincinnati and Joel Schmutz at the Alaska Science Center, along with the Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Barrow Arctic Research Consortium, for logistical and technical support. Jennifer Rover and Bruce Wylie with the US Geological Survey provided helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript, and Jerry Brown with the International Permafrost Association for helpful comments on a late draft of this manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this research was primarily provided by the Alaska Science Center through the Department of Interior Landscape Project. Jones and Grosse were additionally supported by NASA Grant #NNX08AJ37G. NR 80 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 15 BP 2422 EP 2438 DI 10.1002/hyp.8019 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 789YP UT WOS:000292555900009 ER PT J AU Vandenbruwaene, W Maris, T Cox, TJS Cahoon, DR Meire, P Temmerman, S AF Vandenbruwaene, W. Maris, T. Cox, T. J. S. Cahoon, D. R. Meire, P. Temmerman, S. TI Sedimentation and response to sea-level rise of a restored marsh with reduced tidal exchange: Comparison with a natural tidal marsh SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Restored tidal marsh; Controlled reduced tide (CRT); Natural tidal marsh; Vertical marsh development; Sea-level rise ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SALT-MARSHES; SCHELDT ESTUARY; GROWTH; RESTORATION; ACCRETION; SUBMERGENCE; REALIGNMENT; NETHERLANDS; DEPOSITION AB Along coasts and estuaries, formerly embanked land is increasingly restored into tidal marshes in order to re-establish valuable ecosystem services, such as buffering against flooding. Along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), tidal marshes are restored on embanked land by allowing a controlled reduced tide (CRT) into a constructed basin, through a culvert in the embankment. In this way tidal water levels are significantly lowered (ca. 3 m) so that a CRT marsh can develop on formerly embanked land with a ca. 3 m lower elevation than the natural tidal marshes. In this study we compared the long-term change in elevation (Delta E) within a CRT marsh and adjacent natural tidal marsh. Over a period of 4 years, the observed spatio-temporal variations in Delta E rate were related to variations in inundation depth, and this relationship was not significantly different for the CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh. A model was developed to simulate the Delta E over the next century. (1) Under a scenario without mean high water level (MHWL) rise in the estuary, the model shows that the marsh elevation-Delta E feedback that is typical for a natural tidal marsh (i.e. rising marsh elevation results in decreasing inundation depth and therefore a decreasing increase in elevation) is absent in the basin of the CRT marsh. This is because tidal exchange of water volumes between the estuary and CRT marsh are independent from the CRT marsh elevation but dependent on the culvert dimensions. Thus the volume of water entering the CRT remains constant regardless of the marsh elevation. Consequently the CRT MHWL follows the increase in CRT surface elevation, resulting after 75 years in a 2-2.5 times larger elevation gain in the CRT marsh, and a faster reduction of spatial elevation differences. (2) Under a scenario of constant MHWL rise (historical rate of 1.5 cm a(-1)), the equilibrium elevation (relative to MHWL) is 0.13 m lower in the CRT marsh and is reached almost 2 times faster. (3) Under a scenario of accelerated MHWL rise (acceleration of 0.02 cm a(-1)), the CRT marsh is much less able to keep up with the MHWL rise; after 75 years the CRT elevation is already 0.21 m lower than for the natural marsh. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that although short-term (4 years) Delta E rates are similar in a restored CRT marsh and natural tidal marsh, these ecosystems may evolve differently in response to sea-level rise in the longer term (10-100 years). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vandenbruwaene, W.; Maris, T.; Cox, T. J. S.; Meire, P.; Temmerman, S.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Cox, T. J. S.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol CEME, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. [Cahoon, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vandenbruwaene, W (reprint author), Flemish Govt, Flanders Hydraul Res, Berchemlei 115, B-2140 Antwerp, Belgium. EM wouter.vandenbruwaene@mow.vlaanderen.be RI Temmerman, Stijn/C-5521-2009 FU Waterwegen Zeekanaal NV; FWO-Flanders [1503907N] FX The authors wish to thank Jean Waucomont, Sander Jacobs, Johnny Teuchies, Olivier Beauchard, Kristof Nevelsteen and Gerard Govers for their assistance during field work. We also thank two anonymous referees for their comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by Waterwegen & Zeekanaal NV (OMES project) and FWO-Flanders (project number 1503907N). This is publication 4985 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.004 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 785NX UT WOS:000292236800002 ER PT J AU Cormier, MH Gans, KD Wilson, DS AF Cormier, Marie-Helene Gans, Kathleen D. Wilson, Douglas S. TI Gravity lineaments of the Cocos Plate: Evidence for a thermal contraction crack origin SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cocos Plate; gravity lineaments ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; YOUNG OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; OROZCO TRANSFORM-FAULT; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DIFFUSE EXTENSION; MANTLE CONVECTION; SPREADING CENTER; MAGMA CHAMBER; FRACTURE-ZONE; SOUTH-PACIFIC AB Lineaments in the gravity field with wavelengths of 100-200 km affect the south-central Pacific. Because they align with absolute plate motion, it has been proposed that they reflect small-scale convection cells beneath the lithosphere that become elongated by basal shear. Alternatively, it was suggested that they reflect channelized flow of low viscosity material following the base of the lithosphere toward the East Pacific Rise, or that they result from lithospheric-scale thermal contraction cracks. Here, we report about previously undetected gravity lineaments across the Cocos Plate. Similarly to the south-central Pacific lineaments, the Cocos lineaments affect a plate that is anomalously shallow, with seamounts aligning mostly within their troughs. However, the Cocos lineaments strike markedly oblique to absolute plate motion and follow instead trajectories that are perpendicular to seafloor isochrons, a characteristic best explained by the thermal contraction crack model. The presence of steep scarps at the base of seamounts and the seismic imaging of faults striking perpendicular to isochrons further support this interpretation. Assuming that the slow subsidence rates of the south-central Pacific and Cocos plates reflect a warmer upper mantle, we propose that the associated thinner elastic plates favor the formation of thermal contraction cracks. A thinner elastic plate may also explain the pattern of ridge propagation in both areas. At large ridge offsets with a history of steady migration, the propagating segments have been those cutting into the shallower flanks, consistent with the concept that a warmer, thinner plate is more easily cracked. C1 [Cormier, Marie-Helene] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gans, Kathleen D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wilson, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cormier, MH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM courmierm@missouri.edu FU NSF [OCE-9629903] FX Figures were produced with the free software GMT [Wessel and Smith, 1998] and multibeam bathymetric data were processed with the free software MB-System [Caress and Chayes, 1996]. We thank Ken Macdonald, Marcia Maia, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive remarks that improved this manuscript. Initial data processing was carried out with support from NSF grant OCE-9629903. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q07007 DI 10.1029/2011GC003573 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 793PU UT WOS:000292836400002 ER PT J AU Malinverno, A Pohlman, JW AF Malinverno, A. Pohlman, J. W. TI Modeling sulfate reduction in methane hydrate-bearing continental margin sediments: Does a sulfate-methane transition require anaerobic oxidation of methane? SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE anaerobic oxidation of methane; reaction-transport modeling; sulfate reduction ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; GAS HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CASCADIA MARGIN; GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER; PROFILES; RATES AB The sulfate-methane transition (SMT), a biogeochemical zone where sulfate and methane are metabolized, is commonly observed at shallow depths (1-30 mbsf) in methane-bearing marine sediments. Two processes consume sulfate at and above the SMT, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR). Differentiating the relative contribution of each process is critical to estimate methane flux into the SMT, which, in turn, is necessary to predict deeper occurrences of gas hydrates in continental margin sediments. To evaluate the relative importance of these two sulfate reduction pathways, we developed a diagenetic model to compute the pore water concentrations of sulfate, methane, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). By separately tracking DIC containing C-12 and C-13, the model also computes delta C-13-DIC values. The model reproduces common observations from methane-rich sediments: a well-defined SMT with no methane above and no sulfate below and a delta C-13-DIC minimum at the SMT. The model also highlights the role of upward diffusing C-13-enriched DIC in contributing to the carbon isotope mass balance of DIC. A combination of OSR and AOM, each consuming similar amounts of sulfate, matches observations from Site U1325 (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311, northern Cascadia margin). Without AOM, methane diffuses above the SMT, which contradicts existing field data. The modeling results are generalized with a dimensional analysis to the range of SMT depths and sedimentation rates typical of continental margins. The modeling shows that AOM must be active to establish an SMT wherein methane is quantitatively consumed and the delta C-13-DIC minimum occurs. The presence of an SMT generally requires active AOM. C1 [Malinverno, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pohlman, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Malinverno, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM alberto@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q07006 DI 10.1029/2011GC003501 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 793PT UT WOS:000292836300001 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Johnson, KM AF Shelly, David R. Johnson, Kaj M. TI Tremor reveals stress shadowing, deep postseismic creep, and depth-dependent slip recurrence on the lower-crustal San Andreas fault near Parkfield SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; DYNAMIC STRESS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; DISTANCE; SIMEON; DECAY AB The 2003 magnitude 6.5 San Simeon and the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes induced small, but significant, static stress changes in the lower crust on the central San Andreas fault, where recently detected tectonic tremor sources provide new constraints on deep fault creep processes. We find that these earthquakes affect tremor rates very differently, consistent with their differing transferred static shear stresses. The San Simeon event appears to have cast a "stress shadow" north of Parkfield, where tremor activity was stifled for 3-6 weeks. In contrast, the 2004 Parkfield earthquake dramatically increased tremor activity rates both north and south of Parkfield, allowing us to track deep postseismic slip. Following this event, rates initially increased by up to two orders of magnitude for the relatively shallow tremor sources closest to the rupture, with activity in some sources persisting above background rates for more than a year. We also observe strong depth dependence in tremor recurrence patterns, with shallower sources generally exhibiting larger, less-frequent bursts, possibly signaling a transition toward steady creep with increasing temperature and depth. Citation: Shelly, D. R., and K. M. Johnson (2011), Tremor reveals stress shadowing, deep postseismic creep, and depth-dependent slip recurrence on the lower-crustal San Andreas fault near Parkfield, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13312, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047863. C1 [Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Johnson, Kaj M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13312 DI 10.1029/2011GL047863 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 793PA UT WOS:000292834400004 ER PT J AU Newmark, WD Stanley, TR AF Newmark, William D. Stanley, Thomas R. TI Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE avian conservation; demography; nest predators ID PREDATION RISK; FOREST BIRDS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; CENTRAL PANAMA; SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE; EDGE; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; POPULATIONS AB Ecologists have long hypothesized that fragmentation of tropical landscapes reduces avian nest success. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously assessed because of the difficulty of finding large numbers of well-hidden nests in tropical forests. Here we report that in the East Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, which are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot, that daily nest survival rate and nest success for seven of eight common understory bird species that we examined over a single breeding season were significantly lower in fragmented than in continuous forest, with the odds of nest failure for these seven species ranging from 1.9 to 196.8 times higher in fragmented than continuous forest. Cup-shaped nests were particularly vulnerable in fragments. We then examined over six breeding seasons and 14 study sites in a multivariable survival analysis the influence of landscape structure and nest location on daily nest survival for 13 common species representing 1,272 nests and four nest types (plate, cup, dome, and pouch). Across species and nest types, area, distance of nest to edge, and nest height had a dominant influence on daily nest survival, with area being positively related to nest survival and distance of nest to edge and nest height being both positively and negatively associated with daily nest survival. Our results indicate that multiple environmental factors contribute to reduce nest survival within a tropical understory bird community in a fragmented landscape and that maintaining large continuous forest is important for enhancing nest survival for Afrotropical understory birds. C1 [Newmark, William D.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Newmark, WD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bnewmark@umnh.utah.edu FU Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; Earthwatch; US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center FX We thank V. Mkongewa, M. Munissi, A. Mkongewa, and D. Munissi for conducting the nest surveys; A. Chalfoun, S. Skagen, T. O'Shea, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments; and the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, and the Amani Nature Reserve Authority for permission to conduct research. The work was supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Earthwatch, and US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 57 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 28 BP 11488 EP 11493 DI 10.1073/pnas.1104955108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 791BO UT WOS:000292635200042 PM 21709237 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Allan, J Hansen, JE Kaminsky, GM Ruggiero, P Doria, A AF Barnard, Patrick L. Allan, Jonathan Hansen, Jeff E. Kaminsky, George M. Ruggiero, Peter Doria, Andre TI The impact of the 2009-10 El Nino Modoki on US West Coast beaches SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CALIFORNIA COAST; WAVE CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; EROSION AB High-resolution beach morphology data collected along much of the U. S. West Coast are synthesized to evaluate the coastal impacts of the 2009-10 El Nino. Coastal change observations were collected as part of five beach monitoring programs that span between 5 and 13 years in duration. In California, regional wave and water level data show that the environmental forcing during the 2009-10 winter was similar to the last significant El Nino of 1997-98, producing the largest seasonal shoreline retreat and/or most landward shoreline position since monitoring began. In contrast, the 2009-10 El Nino did not produce anomalously high mean winter-wave energy in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington), although the highest 5% of the winter wave-energy measurements were comparable to 1997-98 and two significant non-El Nino winters. The increase in extreme waves in the 2009-10 winter was coupled with elevated water levels and a more southerly wave approach than the long-term mean, resulting in greater shoreline retreat than during 1997-98, including anomalously high shoreline retreat immediately north of jetties, tidal inlets, and rocky headlands. The morphodynamic response observed throughout the U. S. West Coast during the 2009-10 El Nino is principally linked to the El Nino Modoki phenomena, where the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is focused in the central equatorial Pacific (as opposed to the eastern Pacific during a classic El Nino), featuring a more temporally persistent SST anomaly that results in longer periods of elevated wave energy but lower coastal water levels. Citation: Barnard, P. L., J. Allan, J. E. Hansen, G. M. Kaminsky, P. Ruggiero, and A. Doria (2011), The impact of the 2009-10 El Nino Modoki on U. S. West Coast beaches, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13604, doi:10.1029/2011GL047707. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Hansen, Jeff E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Allan, Jonathan] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Doria, Andre] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kaminsky, George M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014; OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866; Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Washington State Department of Ecology; California Department of Boating and Waterways; Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS); United States Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington State Department of Ecology, California Department of Boating and Waterways, Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), and the United States Army Corps of Engineers for funding the long-term beach morphology monitoring programs described within. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13604 DI 10.1029/2011GL047707 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 790SG UT WOS:000292608900004 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB McDowell, WH Stallard, RF AF Shanley, James B. McDowell, William H. Stallard, Robert F. TI Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; RAIN-FOREST; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; HYDROLOGIC PATHWAYS; WESTERN AMAZONIA; NUTRIENT FLUXES; STORM RUNOFF; LA CUENCA AB The 326 ha Rio Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983-1987, 1991-1997, and 2000-2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO(4)), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual "boomerang" pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide-prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long-term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first-order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long-term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [McDowell, William H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov; bill.mcdowell@unh.edu; stallard@usgs.gov RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047 FU NSF [DEB-0620919, DEB-0816727, DEB-0108385]; USGS; USDA Forest Service IITF; University of Puerto Rico ITES FX We acknowledge Jeff Merriam and Jody Potter for lab and data help and John Bithorn and Miriam Salgado for sampling help. Reviews by Andy Kurtz, Martha Scholl, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. Funding for this work came in part from NSF LTER DEB-0620919, NSF OPUS DEB-0816727, and NSF DEB-0108385. We also appreciate support from the USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program, USDA Forest Service IITF, and University of Puerto Rico ITES. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 9 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W07515 DI 10.1029/2010WR009788 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 790TP UT WOS:000292612400001 ER PT J AU Simberloff, D Alexander, J Allendorf, F Aronson, J Antunes, PM Bacher, S Bardgett, R Bertolino, S Bishop, M Blackburn, TM Blakeslee, A Blumenthal, D Bortolus, A Buckley, R Buckley, Y Byers, J Callaway, RM Campbell, F Campbell, K Campbell, M Carlton, JT Cassey, P Catford, J Celesti-Grapow, L Chapman, J Clark, P Clewell, A Clode, JC Chang, A Chytry, M Clout, M Cohen, A Cowan, P Cowie, RH Crall, AW Crooks, J Deveney, M Dixon, K Dobbs, FC Duffy, DC Duncan, R Ehrlich, PR Eldredge, L Evenhuis, N Fausch, KD Feldhaar, H Firn, J Fowler, A Galil, B Garcia-Berthou, E Geller, J Genovesi, P Gerber, E Gherardi, F Gollasch, S Gordon, D Graham, J Gribben, P Griffen, B Grosholz, ED Hewitt, C Hierro, JL Hulme, P Hutchings, P Jarosik, V Jeschke, JM Johnson, C Johnson, L Johnston, EL Jones, CG Keller, R King, CM Knols, BGJ Kollmann, J Kompas, T Kotanen, PM Kowarik, I Kuhn, I Kumschick, S Leung, B Liebhold, A MacIsaac, H Mack, R McCullough, DG McDonald, R Merritt, DM Meyerson, L Minchin, D Mooney, HA Morisette, JT Moyle, P Heinz, MS Murray, BR Nehring, S Nelson, W Nentwig, W Novak, SJ Occhipinti, A Ojaveer, H Osborne, B Ostfeld, RS Parker, J Pederson, J Pergl, J Phillips, ML Pysek, P Rejmanek, M Ricciardi, A Ricotta, C Richardson, D Rilov, G Ritchie, E Robertson, PA Roman, J Ruiz, G Schaefer, H Schaffelke, B Schierenbeck, KA Schmitz, DC Schwindt, E Seeb, J Smith, LD Smith, GF Stohlgren, T Strayer, DL Strong, D Sutherland, WJ Therriault, T Thuiller, W Torchin, M van der Putten, WH Vila, M Von Holle, B Wallentinus, I Wardle, D Williamson, M Wilson, J Winter, M Wolfe, LM Wright, J Wonham, M Zabin, C AF Simberloff, Daniel Alexander, Jake Allendorf, Fred Aronson, James Antunes, Pedro M. Bacher, Sven Bardgett, Richard Bertolino, Sandro Bishop, Melanie Blackburn, Tim M. Blakeslee, April Blumenthal, Dana Bortolus, Alejandro Buckley, Ralf Buckley, Yvonne Byers, Jeb Callaway, Ragan M. Campbell, Faith Campbell, Karl Campbell, Marnie Carlton, James T. Cassey, Phillip Catford, Jane Celesti-Grapow, Laura Chapman, John Clark, Paul Clewell, Andre Clode, Joao Canning Chang, Andrew Chytry, Milan Clout, Mick Cohen, Andrew Cowan, Phil Cowie, Robert H. Crall, Alycia W. Crooks, Jeff Deveney, Marty Dixon, Kingsley Dobbs, Fred C. Duffy, David Cameron Duncan, Richard Ehrlich, Paul R. Eldredge, Lucius Evenhuis, Neal Fausch, Kurt D. Feldhaar, Heike Firn, Jennifer Fowler, Amy Galil, Bella Garcia-Berthou, Emili Geller, Jonathan Genovesi, Piero Gerber, Esther Gherardi, Francesca Gollasch, Stephan Gordon, Doria Graham, Jim Gribben, Paul Griffen, Blaine Grosholz, Edwin D. Hewitt, Chad Hierro, Jose L. Hulme, Philip Hutchings, Pat Jarosik, Vojtech Jeschke, Jonathan M. Johnson, Chris Johnson, Ladd Johnston, Emma L. Jones, Carl G. Keller, Reuben King, Carolyn M. Knols, Bart G. J. Kollmann, Johannes Kompas, Thomas Kotanen, Peter M. Kowarik, Ingo Kuehn, Ingolf Kumschick, Sabrina Leung, Brian Liebhold, Andrew MacIsaac, Hugh Mack, Richard McCullough, Deborah G. McDonald, Robbie Merritt, David M. Meyerson, Laura Minchin, Dan Mooney, Harold A. Morisette, Jeffrey T. Moyle, Peter Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer Murray, Brad R. Nehring, Stefan Nelson, Wendy Nentwig, Wolfgang Novak, Stephen J. Occhipinti, Anna Ojaveer, Henn Osborne, Bruce Ostfeld, Richard S. Parker, John Pederson, Judith Pergl, Jan Phillips, Megan L. Pysek, Petr Rejmanek, Marcel Ricciardi, Anthony Ricotta, Carlo Richardson, David Rilov, Gil Ritchie, Euan Robertson, Peter A. Roman, Joe Ruiz, Gregory Schaefer, Hanno Schaffelke, Britta Schierenbeck, Kristina A. Schmitz, Don C. Schwindt, Evangelina Seeb, Jim Smith, L. David Smith, Gideon F. Stohlgren, Thomas Strayer, David L. Strong, Donald Sutherland, William J. Therriault, Thomas Thuiller, Wilfried Torchin, Mark van der Putten, Wim H. Vila, Montserrat Von Holle, Betsy Wallentinus, Inger Wardle, David Williamson, Mark Wilson, John Winter, Marten Wolfe, Lorne M. Wright, Jeff Wonham, Marjorie Zabin, Chela CA 141 Signatories TI Non-natives: 141 scientists object SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Simberloff, Daniel] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Alexander, Jake] Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Allendorf, Fred; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT USA. [Aronson, James] CEFE CNRS, Montpellier, France. [Antunes, Pedro M.] Algoma Univ, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Bacher, Sven; Heinz, Mueller-Schaerer] Univ Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. [Bardgett, Richard] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Bertolino, Sandro] Univ Turin, Grugliasco, Italy. [Bishop, Melanie] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, London, England. [Blakeslee, April; Clode, Joao Canning; Chang, Andrew; Fowler, Amy; Griffen, Blaine; Parker, John; Ruiz, Gregory; Zabin, Chela] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD USA. [Blumenthal, Dana] USDA Agr Res Service, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Bortolus, Alejandro; Schwindt, Evangelina] Ctr Nacl Patagonico CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Buckley, Ralf] Griffith Univ, Southport, Qld, Australia. [Buckley, Yvonne] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Buckley, Yvonne] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Byers, Jeb] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA USA. [Campbell, Faith] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Campbell, Karl] Island Conservat, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Campbell, Marnie; Hewitt, Chad] Cent Queensland Univ, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia. [Carlton, James T.] Williams Coll Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT USA. [Cassey, Phillip] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Catford, Jane] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Celesti-Grapow, Laura; Ricotta, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Chapman, John] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Clark, Paul] Nat Hist Museum, London, England. [Clewell, Andre] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Chytry, Milan] Masaryk Univ, Brno, Czech Republic. [Clout, Mick] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Cohen, Andrew] Ctr Res Aquat Bioinvas, Richmond, CA USA. [Cowan, Phil] Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Cowie, Robert H.; Duffy, David Cameron] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA. [Crall, Alycia W.; Fausch, Kurt D.; Graham, Jim; Kumschick, Sabrina; Stohlgren, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Crooks, Jeff] Tijuana River Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA USA. [Deveney, Marty] S Australian Aquat Sci Ctr, West Beach, Australia. [Dixon, Kingsley] Kings Pk & Bot Gardens, Perth, WA 6005, Australia. [Dobbs, Fred C.] Old Domin Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Duncan, Richard; Hulme, Philip] Lincoln Univ, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Ehrlich, Paul R.; Mooney, Harold A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA USA. [Eldredge, Lucius; Evenhuis, Neal] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Feldhaar, Heike] Univ Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Galil, Bella] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel. [Garcia-Berthou, Emili] Univ Girona, Girona, Spain. [Geller, Jonathan] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Genovesi, Piero] Italian Natl Inst Environm Protect & Res, Rome, Italy. [Gerber, Esther] CABI Europe, Delemont, Switzerland. [Gherardi, Francesca] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Gordon, Doria] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gribben, Paul; Murray, Brad R.; Phillips, Megan L.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Grosholz, Edwin D.; Moyle, Peter; Rejmanek, Marcel; Strong, Donald] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Hierro, Jose L.] Univ Nacl La Pampa, CONICET, La Pampa, Argentina. [Hutchings, Pat] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jarosik, Vojtech] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Johnson, Chris] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Johnson, Ladd] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Johnston, Emma L.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Jones, Carl G.] Durrell Wildlife Conservat Trust, Trinity, Jersey, England. [Keller, Reuben] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [King, Carolyn M.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Knols, Bart G. J.] Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Knols, Bart G. J.] K&S Consulting, Dodewaard, Netherlands. [Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Kollmann, Johannes] Tech Univ Munich, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Kompas, Thomas] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kotanen, Peter M.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Kowarik, Ingo] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Kuehn, Ingolf; Winter, Marten] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Halle, Germany. [Leung, Brian; Ricciardi, Anthony] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Liebhold, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. [MacIsaac, Hugh] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. [Mack, Richard] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI USA. [McDonald, Robbie] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, Stonehouse, England. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Meyerson, Laura] Univ Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA. [Minchin, Dan] Marine Organism Investigat, Killaloe, Ireland. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Nehring, Stefan] Bundesamt Naturschutz, Bonn, Germany. [Nelson, Wendy] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Nentwig, Wolfgang] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Novak, Stephen J.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID USA. [Occhipinti, Anna] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Ojaveer, Henn] Univ Tartu, Parnu, Estonia. [Osborne, Bruce] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Ostfeld, Richard S.; Strayer, David L.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Pergl, Jan; Pysek, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Pruhonice, Czech Republic. [Richardson, David; Wilson, John] Stellenbosch Univ, Matieland, South Africa. [Rilov, Gil] Natl Inst Oceanog, Haifa, Israel. [Ritchie, Euan] Deakin Univ, Burwood, Vic, Australia. [Robertson, Peter A.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Roman, Joe] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Schaefer, Hanno] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Schaffelke, Britta] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Schierenbeck, Kristina A.] Calif State Univ, Chico, CA USA. [Schmitz, Don C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Seeb, Jim] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, L. David] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA USA. [Smith, Gideon F.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Therriault, Thomas] Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Thuiller, Wilfried] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [Torchin, Mark] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [van der Putten, Wim H.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Vila, Montserrat] Estac Biol Donana, Seville, Spain. [Von Holle, Betsy] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL USA. [Wallentinus, Inger] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wardle, David] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Umea, Sweden. [Williamson, Mark] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Wolfe, Lorne M.] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA USA. [Wright, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Launceston, Australia. [Wonham, Marjorie] Quest Univ, Squamish, BC, Canada. RP Simberloff, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dsimberloff@utk.edu RI Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Wardle, David/F-6031-2011; Antunes, Pedro/C-2949-2008; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010; Nentwig, Wolfgang/A-6624-2011; McDonald, Robbie/A-2931-2012; Wilson, John/B-4101-2008; Jeschke, Jonathan/A-2707-2008; Pysek, Petr/B-1957-2012; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; van der Putten, Wim/C-3707-2011; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/A-5392-2008; Canning Clode, Joao/G-5142-2011; Hulme, Philip/F-7454-2011; Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010; Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008; Duncan, Richard/E-7899-2013; Robertson, Peter/H-1614-2013; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013; Hewitt, Chad/C-4460-2008; Strayer, David/H-3788-2011; Catford, Jane/B-9578-2012; Pergl, Jan/H-1071-2011; Johnston, Emma/B-7210-2009; Mueller-Schaerer, Heinz/H-5277-2011; Bacher, Sven/F-5431-2010; Ricciardi, Anthony/A-8536-2010; Vila, Montserrat/D-9339-2013; Winter, Marten/E-7979-2011; Kollmann, Johannes/B-4255-2012; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Chang, Andrew/J-8058-2016; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; Chytry, Milan/J-4954-2012; Celesti, Laura/R-3615-2016; Kuhn, Ingolf /B-9756-2009 OI Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Wardle, David/0000-0002-0476-7335; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; McDonald, Robbie/0000-0002-6922-3195; Wilson, John/0000-0003-0174-3239; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; van der Putten, Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; Garcia-Berthou, Emili/0000-0001-8412-741X; Canning Clode, Joao/0000-0003-2143-6535; Hulme, Philip/0000-0001-5712-0474; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Duncan, Richard/0000-0003-2295-449X; Robertson, Peter/0000-0003-1567-8677; Hewitt, Chad/0000-0002-6859-6512; Catford, Jane/0000-0003-0582-5960; Pergl, Jan/0000-0002-0045-1974; Johnston, Emma/0000-0002-2117-366X; Bacher, Sven/0000-0001-5147-7165; Vila, Montserrat/0000-0003-3171-8261; Winter, Marten/0000-0002-9593-7300; Kollmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4990-3636; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Chang, Andrew/0000-0002-7870-285X; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063; Chytry, Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075; Celesti, Laura/0000-0002-9533-6919; Kuhn, Ingolf /0000-0003-1691-8249 NR 0 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 16 U2 444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 475 IS 7354 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 788RE UT WOS:000292461300028 PM 21734689 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Transitions of interaction outcomes in a uni-directional consumer-resource system SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Consumer-resource system; Interaction outcomes; Mutualism; Parasitism ID POPULATION INTERACTIONS; FRUIT ABORTION; MUTUALISM; DYNAMICS; PREDATION; DISPERSAL; PLANT; MICE AB A uni-directional consumer-resource system of two species is analyzed. Our aim is to understand the mechanisms that determine how the interaction outcomes depend on the context of the interaction; that is, on the model parameters. The dynamic behavior of the model is described and, in particular, it is demonstrated that no periodic orbits exist. Then the parameter (factor) space is shown to be divided into four regions, which correspond to the four forms of interaction outcomes; i.e. mutualism, commensalism, parasitism and amensalism. It is shown that the interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly among these four forms when the parameters of the system are varied continuously. Varying each parameter individually or varying pairs of parameters can also lead to smooth transitions between the interaction outcomes. The analysis leads to both conditions for which each species achieves its maximal density, and situations in which periodic oscillations of the interaction outcomes emerge. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU SRF for ROCS, SEM; NSKF of PR China [60736028]; U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center FX We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading, helpful comments and suggestions that really helped us to improve the presentation of the paper. This work was in part supported by SRF for ROCS, SEM and NSKF of PR China (No. 60736028). D.L. DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 280 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.038 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 774FR UT WOS:000291371100005 PM 21501626 ER PT J AU Crumpler, LS Arvidson, RE Squyres, SW McCoy, T Yingst, A Ruff, S Farrand, W McSween, Y Powell, M Ming, DW Morris, RV Bell, JF Grant, J Greeley, R DesMarais, D Schmidt, M Cabrol, NA Haldemann, A Lewis, KW Wang, AE Schroder, C Blaney, D Cohen, B Yen, A Farmer, J Gellert, R Guinness, EA Herkenhoff, KE Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G McEwen, A Rice, JW Rice, M deSouza, P Hurowitz, J AF Crumpler, L. S. Arvidson, R. E. Squyres, S. W. McCoy, T. Yingst, A. Ruff, S. Farrand, W. McSween, Y. Powell, M. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. Bell, J. F., III Grant, J. Greeley, R. DesMarais, D. Schmidt, M. Cabrol, N. A. Haldemann, A. Lewis, Kevin W. Wang, A. E. Schroeder, C. Blaney, D. Cohen, B. Yen, A. Farmer, J. Gellert, R. Guinness, E. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. McEwen, A. Rice, J. W., Jr. Rice, M. deSouza, P. Hurowitz, J. TI Field reconnaissance geologic mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars, based on Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and MRO HiRISE observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GUSEV CRATER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ROCK-VARNISH; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROMETER; SOILS AB Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well-preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground observations and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity. C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Wang, A. E.; Guinness, E. A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, S. W.; Bell, J. F., III; Rice, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Powell, M.; Blaney, D.; Yen, A.; Hurowitz, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [DesMarais, D.; Cabrol, N. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Cohen, B.] NASA, Marshall Spaceflight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [deSouza, P.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Farrand, W.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McCoy, T.; Grant, J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Ruff, S.; Greeley, R.; Farmer, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Haldemann, A.] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Johnson, J. R.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Lewis, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McEwen, A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McSween, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rice, J. W., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yingst, A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Bayreuth, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. Univ Bayreuth, Tubingen, Germany. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. RP Crumpler, LS (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, 1801 Mt Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM larry.crumpler@state.nm.us RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; FU NASA FX This work was supported by the Mars Exploration Rover mission project through contracts with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by NASA. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) is supported by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter project through the NASA contract to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 6 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00F24 DI 10.1029/2010JE003749 PG 55 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 790TY UT WOS:000292613300001 ER PT J AU Redman, RS Kim, YO Woodward, CJDA Greer, C Espino, L Doty, SL Rodriguez, RJ AF Redman, Regina S. Kim, Yong Ok Woodward, Claire J. D. A. Greer, Chris Espino, Luis Doty, Sharon L. Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Increased Fitness of Rice Plants to Abiotic Stress Via Habitat Adapted Symbiosis: A Strategy for Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; TOLERANCE; GROWTH; CONSTRAINTS; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; PHENOLOGY AB Climate change and catastrophic events have contributed to rice shortages in several regions due to decreased water availability and soil salinization. Although not adapted to salt or drought stress, two commercial rice varieties achieved tolerance to these stresses by colonizing them with Class 2 fungal endophytes isolated from plants growing across moisture and salinity gradients. Plant growth and development, water usage, ROS sensitivity and osmolytes were measured with and without stress under controlled conditions. The endophytes conferred salt, drought and cold tolerance to growth chamber and greenhouse grown plants. Endophytes reduced water consumption by 20-30% and increased growth rate, reproductive yield, and biomass of greenhouse grown plants. In the absence of stress, there was no apparent cost of the endophytes to plants, however, endophyte colonization decreased from 100% at planting to 65% compared to greenhouse plants grown under continual stress (maintained 100% colonization). These findings indicate that rice plants can exhibit enhanced stress tolerance via symbiosis with Class 2 endophytes, and suggest that symbiotic technology may be useful in mitigating impacts of climate change on other crops and expanding agricultural production onto marginal lands. C1 [Redman, Regina S.; Kim, Yong Ok; Woodward, Claire J. D. A.; Doty, Sharon L.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Redman, Regina S.; Kim, Yong Ok; Woodward, Claire J. D. A.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Greer, Chris] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Yuba City, CA USA. [Espino, Luis] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Colusa, CA USA. RP Redman, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM redmanr@u.washington.edu OI Doty, Sharon/0000-0002-9546-315X FU California Rice Research Board [RM-6]; United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [0414463]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [3260-01C] FX This project was made possible by the permission, assistance, and guidelines of Yellowstone National Park and the University of Washington Cedar Rocks Biological Preserve. This work was supported by the California Rice Research Board (RM-6; 2007, 2008, 2009), United States Geological Survey, and support funding from the National Science Foundation (0414463) and United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (3260-01C). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 14 U2 128 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e14823 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014823 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 789JO UT WOS:000292512000002 PM 21750695 ER PT J AU Till, JL Jackson, MJ Rosenbaum, JG Solheid, P AF Till, J. L. Jackson, M. J. Rosenbaum, J. G. Solheid, P. TI Magnetic properties in an ash flow tuff with continuous grain size variation: A natural reference for magnetic particle granulometry SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE magnetic domains; superparamagnetism; volcanic glass ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; HYSTERESIS PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRYSTALS; NEVADA; TITANOMAGNETITE; FIELD AB The Tiva Canyon Tuff contains dispersed nanoscale Fe-Ti-oxide grains with a narrow magnetic grain size distribution, making it an ideal material in which to identify and study grain-size-sensitive magnetic behavior in rocks. A detailed magnetic characterization was performed on samples from the basal 5 m of the tuff. The magnetic materials in this basal section consist primarily of (low-impurity) magnetite in the form of elongated submicron grains exsolved from volcanic glass. Magnetic properties studied include bulk magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanence acquisition, and hysteresis properties. The combined data constitute a distinct magnetic signature at each stratigraphic level in the section corresponding to different grain size distributions. The inferred magnetic domain state changes progressively upward from superparamagnetic grains near the base to particles with pseudo-single-domain or metastable single-domain characteristics near the top of the sampled section. Direct observations of magnetic grain size confirm that distinct transitions in room temperature magnetic susceptibility and remanence probably denote the limits of stable single-domain behavior in the section. These results provide a unique example of grain-size-dependent magnetic properties in noninteracting particle assemblages over three decades of grain size, including close approximations of ideal Stoner-Wohlfarth assemblages, and may be considered a useful reference for future rock magnetic studies involving grain-size-sensitive properties. C1 [Till, J. L.; Jackson, M. J.; Solheid, P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rosenbaum, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Till, JL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, 310 Pillsbury Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tillx010@umn.edu RI Jackson, Mike/G-1587-2013; Till, Jessica L/G-7328-2014 OI Jackson, Mike/0000-0003-4778-7157; Till, Jessica L/0000-0002-6982-6973 FU Earth Science Division of the National Science Foundation [0218384, 0317922] FX The authors thank G. Skipp and J. Honke for assistance with field work. A. Roberts, L. Chang, M. Hudson, and R. Reynolds are thanked for providing helpful and constructive reviews of this manuscript. This work was supported by grants 0218384 and 0317922 from the Instruments and Facilities Program of the Earth Science Division of the National Science Foundation. The National Science Foundation also provided an REU opportunity in conjunction with this project. This is IRM contribution 1007. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 2 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q07Z26 DI 10.1029/2011GC003648 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 787ML UT WOS:000292380600001 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Newell, RL Ruiter, DE AF Hossack, Blake R. Newell, Robert L. Ruiter, David E. TI New collection records and range extension for the caddisfly Arctopora salmon (Smith, 1969) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 206 EP 208 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 876XJ UT WOS:000299140800009 ER PT J AU Douglas, MR Slyn'ko, YV Kohl, S Lane, CR Slyn'ko, EE Douglas, ME AF Douglas, Marlis R. Slyn'ko, Yuriy V. Kohl, Steven Lane, Charles R. Slyn'ko, Elena E. Douglas, Michael E. TI Crossroad Blues: An Intersection of Rivers, Wetlands, and Public Policy SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION C1 [Douglas, Marlis R.; Douglas, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Slyn'ko, Yuriy V.; Slyn'ko, Elena E.; Douglas, Michael E.] Russian Acad Sci, ID Papanin Inst Biol Inland Waters, Lab Evolutionary Ecol, Borok, Russia. [Kohl, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Int Conservat Div, Russia E Asia Branch, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lane, Charles R.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Douglas, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. OI Slynko, Elena/0000-0003-1261-1100; Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 337 EP 339 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UC UT WOS:000296137300004 ER PT J AU James, DA AF James, Daniel A. TI Student Angle: The Academic Road Less Traveled SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SECTION; AFS C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP James, DA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Daniel.James@sdstate.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2011 VL 36 IS 7 BP 351 EP 352 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UC UT WOS:000296137300006 ER PT J AU Pidlisecky, A Haines, SS AF Pidlisecky, Adam Haines, Seth S. TI A Bayesian approach for determining velocity and uncertainty estimates from seismic cone penetrometer testing or vertical seismic profiling data SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT); shear-wave velocity (V(s)); cone penetrometer testing (CPT); Bayesian inversion; shear velocity; shear modulus ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; TRAVELTIME INVERSION; INTERVAL VELOCITIES; VSP DATA; TOMOGRAPHY AB Conventional processing methods for seismic cone penetrometer data present several shortcomings, most notably the absence of a robust velocity model uncertainty estimate. We propose a new seismic cone penetrometer testing (SCPT) data-processing approach that employs Bayesian methods to map measured data errors into quantitative estimates of model uncertainty. We first calculate travel-time differences for all permutations of seismic trace pairs. That is, we cross-correlate each trace at each measurement location with every trace at every other measurement location to determine travel-time differences that are not biased by the choice of any particular reference trace and to thoroughly characterize data error. We calculate a forward operator that accounts for the different ray paths for each measurement location, including refraction at layer boundaries. We then use a Bayesian inversion scheme to obtain the most likely slowness (the reciprocal of velocity) and a distribution of probable slowness values for each model layer. The result is a velocity model that is based on correct ray paths, with uncertainty bounds that are based on the data error. C1 [Pidlisecky, Adam] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pidlisecky, A (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW,Earth Sci Bldg 130, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM adampid@ucalgary.ca FU Schlumberger Water Services FX The authors are grateful to Brian Lockwood, Mary Bannister, and others from the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency and to Jonathan Lear of the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District for their assistance and cooperation with this work. The authors also thank Thomas Holzer, Fred Day-Lewis, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions that have improved this manuscript. Acquisition of the field data was funded through a grant to Rosemary Knight from Schlumberger Water Services. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-3674 J9 CAN GEOTECH J JI Can. Geotech. J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1069 DI 10.1139/T11-012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 832GE UT WOS:000295790600006 ER PT J AU Amos, RT Bekins, BA Delin, GN Cozzarelli, IM Blowes, DW Kirshtein, JD AF Amos, Richard T. Bekins, Barbara A. Delin, Geoffrey N. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Blowes, David W. Kirshtein, Julie D. TI Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methane oxidation; Natural attenuation; Direct push profiling; Gas bubble entrapment; Dissolved gases ID NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; SPILL SITE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL GRADIENTS; ISOTOPE RATIOS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; WATER; GROUNDWATER; STREAMS; SYSTEM AB High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH(4) attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH(4) and CO(2), and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in delta(13)C(CH4) from an average of -57.6% (+/- 1.7 parts per thousand) in the methanogenic zone to -39.6 parts per thousand (+/- 8.7 parts per thousand) at 105 m downgradient, strongly suggest CH(4) attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5 m below the water table suggesting that transport of O(2) across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH(4) at this interface. Dissolved N(2) concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O(2) through aerobic degradation of CH(4) or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O(2) rich recharge water were important O(2) transport mechanisms. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amos, Richard T.; Blowes, David W.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Delin, Geoffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Kirshtein, Julie D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Amos, RT (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM ramos@scimail.uwaterloo.ca; babekins@usgs.gov; delin@usgs.gov; icozzare@usgs.gov; blowes@uwaterloo.ca; jkirshte@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU NSERC; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX Funding for this research was provided by an NSERC post-doctoral fellowship awarded to R.T. Amos, and an NSERC Discovery grant held by D.W. Blowes. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program. We would further like to thank Wally Larson and John Greene of the USGS, and Kelly Stafford of the University of Waterloo for their efforts in the field. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.04.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 834FR UT WOS:000295945700002 PM 21612840 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Gilley, JE Cottrell, GL Woodbury, BL Berry, ED Eigenberg, RA AF Vogel, J. R. Gilley, J. E. Cottrell, G. L. Woodbury, B. L. Berry, E. D. Eigenberg, R. A. TI TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN RUNOFF FROM UNAMENDED AND POND-ASH AMENDED FEEDLOT SURFACES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Feedlots; Manure runoff; Pond ash; Runoff; Trace elements; Water quality ID AUSTRALIAN FLY ASHES; HEAVY-METALS; CATTLE FEEDLOT; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; COAL COMBUSTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLOT-SCALE; SOIL AB The use of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds for storage and subsequently dewatered) for feedlot surfaces provides a drier environment for livestock and furnishes economic benefits. However, pond ash is known to have high concentrations of trace elements, and the runoff water-quality effects of feedlot surfaces amended with pond ash are not well defined. For this study, two experimental units (plots) were established in eight feedlot pens. Four of the pens contained unamended soil surfaces, and the remaining four pens had pond-ash amended surfaces. Before each test, unconsolidated surface material was removed from four of the plots for each of the amendment treatments, resulting in eight unamended plots and eight pond-ash amended plots. Concentrations for 23 trace elements were measured in cattle feedlot surface material and in the runoff water from three simulated rainfall events. Trace element concentrations in surface material and runoff did not differ between surface consolidation treatments. Amending the feedlot surface material with pond ash resulted in a significant increase in concentration for 14 of the 17 trace elements. Runoff concentrations for 21 trace elements were affected by pond-ash amendment. Sixteen of 21 trace element concentrations that differed significantly were greater in runoff from unamended soil surfaces. Concentrations in runoff were significantly correlated with concentrations in feedlot surface material for boron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and uranium. C1 [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Gilley, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Cottrell, G. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Woodbury, B. L.; Berry, E. D.; Eigenberg, R. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jason.vogel@okstate.edu NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1269 EP 1279 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 830MY UT WOS:000295662300009 ER PT J AU Portner, RA Hendrix, MS Stalker, JC Miggins, DP Sheriff, SD AF Portner, Ryan A. Hendrix, Marc S. Stalker, Jeremy C. Miggins, Dan P. Sheriff, Steven D. TI Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; CABBAGE PATCH FAUNA; SUPRADETACHMENT BASIN; SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA; NONMARINE MOLLUSKS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIFT BASINS; EOCENE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; USA AB Middle Eocene through Upper Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Flint Creek basin in western Montana accumulated during a period of significant paleoclimatic change and extension across the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Gravity modelling, borehole data, and geologic mapping from the Flint Creek basin indicate that subsidence was focused along an extensionally reactivated Sevier thrust fault, which accommodated up to 800 m of basin fill while relaying stress between the dextral transtensional Lewis and Clark lineament to the north and the Anaconda core complex to the south. Northwesterly paleocurrent indicators, foliated metamorphic lithics, 64 Ma (Ar-40/Ar-39) muscovite grains, and 76 Ma (U-Pb) zircons in a ca. 27 Ma arkosic sandstone are consistent with Oligocene exhumation and erosion of the Anaconda core complex. The core complex and volcanic and magmatic rocks in its hangingwall created an important drainage divide during the Paleogene shedding detritus to the NNW and ESE. Following a major period of Early Miocene tectonism and erosion, regional drainage networks were reorganized such that paleoflow in the Flint Creek basin flowed east into an internally drained saline lake system. Renewed tectonism during Middle to Late Miocene time reestablished a west-directed drainage that is recorded by fluvial strata within a Late Miocene paleovalley. These tectonic reorganizations and associated drainage divide explain observed discrepancies in provenance studies across the province. Regional correlation of unconformities and lithofacies mapping in the Flint Creek basin suggest that localized tectonism and relative base level fluctuations controlled lithostratigraphic architecture. C1 [Portner, Ryan A.; Hendrix, Marc S.; Stalker, Jeremy C.; Sheriff, Steven D.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Miggins, Dan P.] USGS, Denver Argon Geochronol Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Portner, RA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryan.a.portner@gmail.com FU US Geological Service (USGS) [03HQA90061]; McDonough Scholarship FX The authors would like to thank C. Christensen, A. Bondurant, N. Harrison, A. Caruthers, D. Powledge, G. Thompson, P. Link, and L. Snee for their assistance with laboratory and field analysis. The manuscript was finalized after helpful reviews by L. Beranek and D. Rasmussen. M. Colpron, P. van der Beek, A. Densmore, E. Anderson, and S. Mahan also provided constructive reviews on an earlier version of the manuscript. Support was provided by US Geological Service (USGS) EdMap grant No. 03HQA90061 to M. Hendrix and a McDonough Scholarship to R. Portner and J. Stalker. NR 117 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1131 EP 1153 DI 10.1139/E10-107 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 824LG UT WOS:000295202800001 ER PT J AU Moore, JW Hayes, SA Duffy, W Gallagher, S Michel, CJ Wright, D AF Moore, Jonathan W. Hayes, Sean A. Duffy, Walter Gallagher, Sean Michel, Cyril J. Wright, David TI Nutrient fluxes and the recent collapse of coastal California salmon populations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARKED ANIMALS AB Migratory salmon move nutrients both in and out of fresh waters during the different parts of their life cycle. We used a mass-balance approach to quantify recent changes in phosphorus (P) fluxes in six coastal California, USA, watersheds that have recently experienced dramatic decreases in salmon populations. As adults, semelparous Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon imported 8.3 and 10.4 times more P from the ocean, respectively, than they exported as smolts, while iteroparous steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) imported only 1.6 times more than they exported as kelts and smolts. Semelparous species whose life histories led them to import more nutrients were also the species whose populations decreased the most dramatically in California in recent years. In addition, the relationship between import and export was nonlinear, with export being proportionally more important at lower levels of import. This pattern was driven by two density-dependent processes - smolts were larger and disproportionately more abundant at lower spawner abundances. In fact, in four of our six streams we found evidence that salmon can drive net export of P at low abundance, evidence for the reversal of the "conveyor belt" of nutrients. C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Michel, Cyril J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Duffy, Walter] Humboldt State Univ, USGS Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Gallagher, Sean] Calif State Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Wright, David] Campbell Timberlands Management LLC, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Res Grp Earth2Ocean, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jwmoore@sfu.ca FU California Fisheries Restoration Grant; NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz; University of California Santa Cruz FX Too many individuals to mention by name from the following entities helped collect data used in this study: California Department of Fish and Game, Campbell Timberlands Management, NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; be assured we value your help. We specifically thank Scott Harris, Shaun Thompson, Wendy Holloway, and Chris Hannon. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program funded much of the field sampling, and NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz and University of California Santa Cruz provided financial support. We appreciate generously shared insight from experts of steelhead biology, namely George Pess, Todd Seamons, and Kent Mayer. We appreciate insightful comments from Dave Beauchamp, Mark Novak, Corey Phillis, Daniel Schindler, Mark Wipfli, and several anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1139/F2011-054 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 824EO UT WOS:000295185400002 ER PT J AU Czesny, SJ Rinchard, J Hanson, SD Dettmers, JM Dabrowski, K AF Czesny, Sergiusz J. Rinchard, Jacques Hanson, S. Dale Dettmers, John M. Dabrowski, Konrad TI Fatty acid signatures of Lake Michigan prey fish and invertebrates: among-species differences and spatiotemporal variability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; YELLOW PERCH; DYNAMICS; DIET AB Lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of common prey species or taxonomic groups from four distinct regions of Lake Michigan were quantified (n = 894). We used a combination of parametric and nonparametric statistics to assess the differences in fatty acid signatures (FAS) among species and to evaluate intraspecies variation relative to interspecies variation in FAS. Discriminant function analysis performed on 13 species or taxa groups using the 18 most abundant fatty acids revealed clear separation among taxa, with overall classification success reaching 89%. Species were readily distinguished based on their overall fatty acid profile in spite of intraspecies variation (temporal, regional, and size-related). Among species sampled, pelagic and benthic clusters were formed based on the degree of fatty acid profile similarity. In alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), fatty acid compositions differed with fish size, sampling location, and temporal variation; however, the magnitude of these differences was small relative to differences between species. Our results demonstrate the utility of fatty acid signatures in studies of food webs in large freshwater ecosystems. This study is also a necessary first step toward development of mechanistic research that investigates the effects of variation in fatty acids within the prey base on top predators. C1 [Czesny, Sergiusz J.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, Zion, IL 60099 USA. [Rinchard, Jacques] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. [Hanson, S. Dale] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Dabrowski, Konrad] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Czesny, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Lake Michigan Biol Stn, 400 17th St, Zion, IL 60099 USA. EM czesny@illinois.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [292] FX We thank Kyle Ware (The Ohio State University) and Linda Begnoche (USGS - Great Lakes Science Center) for parts of the analysis. We also thank Charles Madenjian and David Bunnell (USGS - Great Lakes Science Center) for sample collection in MM3 management unit and the entire staff at the Lake Michigan Biological Station for long hours in the field collecting samples. Special thanks are extended to Deborah Lichti for database maintenance and Sara Creque for technical help with the manuscript. This study was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Great Lakes Fishery Trust Grant No. 292. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1230 DI 10.1139/F2011-048 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 824EO UT WOS:000295185400006 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Sedinger, JS Randle, PS AF Lemons, Patrick R. Sedinger, James S. Randle, Pamela Svete TI Detecting conspecific brood parasitism using egg morphology in black brant Branta bernicla nigricans SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRASPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; GOLDENEYES BUCEPHALA-CLANGULA; COMMON GOLDENEYE; AMERICAN COOTS; WOOD DUCKS; BIRDS; POPULATION; GEESE; HOST; SIZE AB Numerous methods have been proposed to indirectly detect conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) in birds. Egg morphology has been suggested as a predictor of parasitism, assuming that variation in egg size is greater among females than within females. Here we use microsatellite data to assess the use of egg morphology to detect CBP in a sample of black brant Branta bernicla nigricans nests. We attempted to repeat a previously demonstrated technique using cluster analysis and maximum Euclidean distance (MED) to detect parasitized nests within black brant. Additionally we attempted a new technique based on a discriminant function analysis of egg morphology in an attempt to detect brood parasitic eggs. When detecting parasitized nests using egg morphology, the cluster analysis revealed that the MED between the two most dissimilar eggs in each nest was significantly greater for parasitized nests than for non-parasitized nests (1.62 +/- 0.06 and 1.43 +/- 0.08, respectively). The extent of overlap in sizes of eggs between parasitized and non-parasitized nests, however, was such that we were unable to effectively identify parasitized nests. In most cases for each parasitized nest correctly identified, 3 non-parasitized nests were incorrectly identified as parasitic. When we attempted to detect parasitic eggs we found that parasitic eggs were more different from the expected egg volume than host eggs: mean absolute residual volume of parasitic eggs = 2.59 +/- 5.79 cm(3) while that for host eggs = 1.82 +/- 2.14 cm(3). Overall, we found that the discriminant function analysis was moderately effective in determining whether eggs belonged to the host female using a resubstitution technique (error rate = 9.71%) or a jackknife technique (error rate = 6.12%). Additionally, we found a higher but moderate error rate when using an independent data set to validate the function (error rate = 14.07%). In both cases, however, parasitic eggs accounted for most of the error and were not correctly classified 75%, 70% and 100% of the time respectively. We suggest when developing a predictive function for detecting conspecific brood parasitism based on egg morphology that an appropriate technique be used to validate the function, particularly those techniques that utilize unambiguous identifiers such as molecular and protein fingerprinting techniques. C1 [Lemons, Patrick R.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Natl Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Randle, Pamela Svete] TRC Environm Corp, Houston, TX 77042 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Drv, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. EM plemons@usgs.gov FU Natl. Sci. Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406]; Ducks Unlimited; black brant grp.; Sigma Xi; Dennis Raveling Endowment; Nevada Agr. Exp. Station FX This research was supported by the Natl. Sci. Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406), Ducks Unlimited, The black brant grp., Sigma Xi, and The Dennis Raveling Endowment. Logistical support provided by the Yukon Delta Natl. Wildl. Refuge. T. Barnett, E. Beers, E. Carr, R. Clancy, G. Curtis, K. Degroot, Y. Kawaguchi, A. Nicolai, C. Nicolai, J. Phillipsborn, C. Pylant, B. Sedinger, C. Stava, L. Valadez, C. VanStratt, L. Walberg, and K. Wolfe all assisted in the field. Molecular work was conducted through the Conserv. Gen. Centre and the Nevada Genomics Centre at the Univ. of Nevada, Reno. We also thank Veronica Kirchoff for help in the lab., and L. W. Oring, E. Z. Cameron, S. B. Vander Wall, M. M. Peacock, J. M. Eadie and G. Gronstol for valuable comments on a previous draft. This research was supported by the Nevada Agr. Exp. Station. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 42 IS 4 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05217.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 822MM UT WOS:000295051800002 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Yamaguchi, N Flint, PL Pearce, JM Tokita, K Shimada, T Ramey, AM Kharitonov, S Higuchi, H AF Hupp, Jerry W. Yamaguchi, Noriyuki Flint, Paul L. Pearce, John M. Tokita, Ken-ichi Shimada, Tetsuo Ramey, Andrew M. Kharitonov, Sergei Higuchi, Hiroyoshi TI Variation in spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta that winter in Japan SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; EMPEROR GEESE; H5N1 VIRUS; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; ALASKA; TRANSMITTERS; POPULATIONS; MALLARDS AB In North America, spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta vary because some individuals opportunistically nest at mid-latitudes in years when ephemeral prairie wetlands are available, whereas others regularly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where wetland abundance is more constant. Less was known about migration routes and breeding distribution of pintails in East Asia. From 2007-2009 we marked 198 pintails on their wintering areas in Japan with satellite transmitters to: 1) document spring migration routes and summer distribution, 2) evaluate migratory connections and breeding season sympatry with North American pintails, and 3) determine if pintails used the same migration routes in fall as in spring. Most pintails (67%) migrated to the Kamchatka or Chukotka peninsulas in eastern Russia either directly from Japan or via Sakhalin Island, Russia. Remaining pintails primarily migrated to the Magadan region or Kolyma River Basin in eastern Russia via Sakhalin Island. The Chukotka Peninsula was the most common summer destination, with highest densities in the Anadyr Lowlands; a region also used by pintails that migrate from North America. One pintail migrated to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, in spring and another briefly migrated to the western coast of Alaska in fall. Autumn migration routes generally mirrored spring migration although most pintails bypassed Sakhalin Island in fall. Compared to North American pintails, pintails that winter in Japan exhibited less variation in migration routes and breeding distribution, and nested at higher latitudes. In the Russian Far East there is no region with habitats comparable in extent to the ephemeral mid-latitude wetlands of North America. Consequently, East Asian pintails mainly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where annual consistency in wetlands promotes constancy in migration routes and breeding distribution. Breeding season sympatry between pintails from different continents results more from North American pintails migrating to eastern Russia than from Japanese pintails migrating to North America. C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Yamaguchi, Noriyuki; Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci S, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Tokita, Ken-ichi] Abiko City Mus Birds, Abiko, Chiba 2701145, Japan. [Shimada, Tetsuo] Miyagi Perfectural Izunuma Uchinuma Environm Foun, Kurihara, Miyagi 9895504, Japan. [Kharitonov, Sergei] Bird Ring Ctr Russia, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Drv, Anchorage, AK USA. EM jhupp@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU US Geol. Surv.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Japan Ministry of the Environm.; Univ. of Tokyo FX This project was supported by the US Geol. Surv., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Japan Ministry of the Environm., and Univ. of Tokyo. We thank A. Azuma, A. Bowman, G. Fujita, M. Fujita, B. Guzzetti, N. Hijikata, E. Hiraoka, A. Hotta, N. Kataoka, N. Kishimoto, S. Konno, M. Kurechi, M. Okuyama, T. Sakane, H. Sugawa, K. Takagi, K. Takatsu, K. Tanabayashi, K. Uchida, M. Ueta, Y. Watanabe, and Y. Yamamoto for their assistance in field. D. Douglas provided assistance with collection of satellite telemetry data. D. Derksen, J. Fleskes, R. Larkin, and M. Miller provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. We thank D. Derksen, K. Trust, and D. Rocque for their support. Care and handling of birds marked in this study was approved by the Alaska Sci. Centr. Anim. Care and Use Comm., and the Japan Ministry of the Environm. Use of commercial names does not imply product endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 42 IS 4 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05320.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 822MM UT WOS:000295051800003 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Coombs, JA Nislow, KH AF Letcher, Benjamin H. Coombs, Jason A. Nislow, Keith H. TI Maintenance of phenotypic variation: repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brook trout; growth compensation; heritability; repeatability; size-dependent growth ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; ADAPTATION-BY-TIME; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BODY-SIZE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; WATER TEMPERATURE; RECAPTURE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within-cohort variation in birth dates, among-individual growth variation and size-selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of individual fish, it appears that size distributions are largely determined by the maintenance of early size variation. We found no evidence for size-dependent compensatory growth (which would reduce size variation) and found no indication that size-dependent survival substantially influenced body size distributions. Depensatory growth (faster growth by larger individuals) reinforced early size variation, but was relatively strong only during the first sampling interval (age-0, fall). Maternal decisions on the timing and location of spawning could have a major influence on early, and as our results suggest, later (>age-0) size distributions. If this is the case, our estimates of heritability of body size (body length = 0.25) will be dominated by processes that generate and maintain early size differences. As a result, evolutionary responses to environmental change that are mediated by body size may be largely expressed via changes in the timing and location of reproduction. C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Coombs, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov FU USFS Northern Research Station; USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; Nature Conservancy's Connecticut River program FX We thank Matt O'Donnell, Todd Dubreuil, Tyler Evans and many field assistants. Michael Morrissey and Krzysztof Sakrejda-Leavitt provided assistance with heritability estimates. The USFS Northern Research Station, the USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, and The Nature Conservancy's Connecticut River program provided funding for the project. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 602 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 820RW UT WOS:000294924100007 PM 25568008 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, BA Fleck, JA Downing, BD Boss, E Pellerin, B Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Byington, AA Heim, WA Stephenson, M Fujii, R AF Bergamaschi, B. A. Fleck, J. A. Downing, B. D. Boss, E. Pellerin, B. Ganju, N. K. Schoellhamer, D. H. Byington, A. A. Heim, W. A. Stephenson, M. Fujii, R. TI Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT-WATER EXCHANGE; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; METHYLMERCURY; DELTA; CARBON; PARTICULATE; VARIABILITY AB We assessed monomethylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in a tidal wetland over three seasons using a novel method that employs a combination of in situ optical measurements as concentration proxies. MeHg concentrations measured over a single spring tide were extended to a concentration time series using in situ optical measurements. Tidal fluxes were calculated using modeled concentrations and bi-directional velocities obtained acoustically. The magnitude of the flux was the result of complex interactions of tides, geomorphic features, particle sorption, and random episodic events such as wind storms and precipitation. Correlation of dissolved organic matter quality measurements with timing of MeHg release suggests that MeHg is produced in areas of fluctuating redox and not limited by buildup of sulfide. The wetland was a net source of MeHg to the estuary in all seasons, with particulate flux being much higher than dissolved flux, even though dissolved concentrations were commonly higher. Estimated total MeHg yields out of the wetland were approximately 2.5 mu g m(-2) yr(-1)-4-40 times previously published yields-representing a potential loading to the estuary of 80 g yr(-1), equivalent to 3% of the river loading. Thus, export from tidal wetlands should be included in mass balance estimates for MeHg loading to estuaries. Also, adequate estimation of loads and the interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in tidal wetlands might not be possible without long-term, high-frequency in situ measurements. C1 [Bergamaschi, B. A.; Fleck, J. A.; Downing, B. D.; Schoellhamer, D. H.; Fujii, R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Boss, E.; Pellerin, B.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Ganju, N. K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Byington, A. A.; Heim, W. A.; Stephenson, M.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Bergamaschi, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bbergama@usgs.gov RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Bergamaschi, Brian/D-8325-2012; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU California Bay Delta Authority [ERP-00-G01]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by funding from the California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Restoration and Drinking Water Programs (grant ERP-00-G01) and matching funds from the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Program. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1355 EP 1371 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1355 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 816LZ UT WOS:000294603400015 ER PT J AU Jachowski, DS Millspaugh, JJ Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Matchett, MR Rittenhouse, CD AF Jachowski, David S. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Matchett, Marc R. Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. TI Resource Selection by Black-Footed Ferrets in South Dakota and Montana SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; black-tailed prairie dogs; Conata Basin; reintroduction; UL Bend ID PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; HOME-RANGE; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; REINTRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; PREY; SIZE; TRANSLOCATIONS AB The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), once extinct in the wild, remains one of the most critically endangered mammals in North America despite 18 years of reintroduction attempts. Because black-footed ferrets are specialized predators of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.), a better understanding of how black-footed ferrets select resources might provide insight into how best to identify and manage reintroduction sites. We monitored ferret resource selection at two reintroduction sites with different densities of prairie dog populations one that contained a high density of prairie dogs (Conata Basin, South Dakota) and one that was lower (UL Bend, Montana). We evaluated support for hypotheses about ferret resource selection as related to the distribution of active burrows used by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), interactions between ferrets, and habitat edge effects. We found support for all three factors within both populations; however, they affected ferret resource selection differently at each site. Ferrets at Conata Basin tended to select areas with high prairie dog burrow density, closer to the colony edge, and that overlapped other ferret ranges. In contrast, ferrets at UL Bend tended not to select areas of high active prairie dog burrow density, avoided areas close to edge habitat, and females avoided areas occupied by other ferrets. The differences observed between the two sites might be best explained by prairie dog densities, which were higher at Conata Basin (119.3 active burrows per ha) than at UL Bend (44.4 active burrows per ha). Given the positive growth of ferret populations at Conata Basin, management that increases the density of prairie dogs might enhance ferret success within natural areas. To achieve long-term recovery of ferrets in the wild, conservationists should increasingly work across and outside natural area boundaries to increase prairie dog populations. C1 [Jachowski, David S.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Matchett, Marc R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. [Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM DavidJachowski@mail.mizzou.edu RI Rittenhouse, Chadwick/G-7169-2012 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship; Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society; University of Missouri; State Wildlife Grant [T-35-R, 2435] FX Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant number 2006-0058-0000), South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks Small Grants Program, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks Competitive Grants Program, Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship, Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society, and the University of Missouri. This study was funded in part by federal funding through State Wildlife Grant T-35-R, Study #2435, administered through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. R. Jachowski, J. McRoberts, D. Hanson, T. Brown, and over a dozen volunteers assisted with fieldwork. K. Atchley and D. Sargent provided valuable assistance in support of this project in South Dakota, and we appreciate the commitment of the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge staff to ferret recovery and research. R. Jachowski, M. Gompper, D. Eads, and H. He provided comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 36 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 218 EP 225 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 799TN UT WOS:000293309100002 ER PT J AU Thomas, N Macedru, K Mataitoga, W Surumi, J Qeteqete, S Niukula, J Naikatini, A Heffernan, A Fisher, R Harlow, P AF Thomas, Nunia Macedru, Kelera Mataitoga, Waisale Surumi, Jerry Qeteqete, Sipiriano Niukula, Jone Naikatini, Alivereti Heffernan, Alice Fisher, Robert Harlow, Peter TI iguana iguana-a feral population in Fiji SO ORYX LA English DT News Item C1 [Thomas, Nunia; Macedru, Kelera; Mataitoga, Waisale] NatureFiji MareqetiViti, Suva, Fiji. [Surumi, Jerry] PA Naiviivi, Taveuni, Qamea Island, Fiji. [Qeteqete, Sipiriano; Niukula, Jone] Natl Trust Fiji, Suva, Fiji. [Naikatini, Alivereti] Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, S Pacific Reg Herbarium, Suva, Fiji. [Heffernan, Alice] Matagi Isl Private Resort, Matagi Isl, Fiji. [Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA. [Harlow, Peter] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Mosman, NSW, Australia. RP Thomas, N (reprint author), NatureFiji MareqetiViti, Suva, Fiji. EM nuniat@naturefiji.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 811WY UT WOS:000294249900002 ER PT J AU Holen, SR May, DW Mahan, SA AF Holen, Steven R. May, David W. Mahan, Shannon A. TI THE ANGUS MAMMOTH: A DECADES-OLD SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY RESOLVED SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID NEBRASKA FLUTED POINT; AUTHENTICATION ANALYSIS; LUMINESCENCE; SITE AB The Angus Mammoth site in south-central Nebraska has been controversial since its discovery in 1931 when a fluted artifact was reported to be associated with the mammoth. For nearly 80 years it has not been known if Angus was a paleontological site predating the human occupation of North America as has been asserted by some geologists and paleontologists. or an archaeological site dating to the late Pleistocene as has been advocated by some archaeologists. Geomorphic study and luminescence dating have finally solved the problem after nearly eight decades. Although microwear and technological analyses have determined that the Angus biface is an authentic artifact. TL and IRSL dates have shown that the matrix above the mammoth is much too old for a mammoth/fluted point association to be valid. C1 [Holen, Steven R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [May, David W.] Univ No Iowa, Dept Geog, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Holen, SR (reprint author), Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. EM sholen@dmns.org OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 76 IS 3 BP 487 EP 499 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 801ZV UT WOS:000293480000005 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Ansari, S Bain, CL Bourassa, MA Dickinson, MJ Funk, C Helms, CN Hennon, CC Holmes, CD Huffman, GJ Kossin, JP Lee, HT Loew, A Magnusdottir, G AF Knapp, Kenneth R. Ansari, Steve Bain, Caroline L. Bourassa, Mark A. Dickinson, Michael J. Funk, Chris Helms, Chip N. Hennon, Christopher C. Holmes, Christopher D. Huffman, George J. Kossin, James P. Lee, Hai-Tien Loew, Alexander Magnusdottir, Gudrun TI GLOBALLY GRIDDED SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE STUDIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; NORTH PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; HIRS; PRECIPITATION; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPOSITION; RESOLUTION; VORTICITY C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Ansari, Steve; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bain, Caroline L.; Magnusdottir, Gudrun] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dickinson, Michael J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Funk, Chris] USGS Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Helms, Chip N.; Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Holmes, Christopher D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Hai-Tien] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loew, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.knapp@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP', University of Hamburg [EXC177] FX K. Knapp acknowledges the significant contribution of George Huffman in the design of the GridSat dataset. Many were integral in the initial rescue of the ISCCP B1 data, including Bill Rossow, John Bates, Garrett Campbell and many at the agencies that provided the B1 data: JMA, EUMETSAT, and NOAA. A. Loew acknowledges the support of the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177), University of Hamburg. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 893 EP 907 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3039.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RO UT WOS:000293827900005 ER PT J AU Buttenfield, BP Stanislawski, LV Brewer, CA AF Buttenfield, Barbara P. Stanislawski, Lawrence V. Brewer, Cynthia A. TI Adapting Generalization Tools to Physiographic Diversity for the United States National Hydrography Dataset SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE differential generalization; multiple representations; MRDB; hydrography; metric assessment; coefficient of line correspondence ID DRAINAGE DENSITY; REPRESENTATION AB This paper reports on generalization and data modeling to create reduced scale versions of the National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD) for dissemination through The National Map, the primary data delivery portal for USGS. Our approach distinguishes local differences in physiographic factors, to demonstrate that knowledge about varying terrain (mountainous, hilly or flat) and varying climate (dry or humid) can support decisions about algorithms, parameters, and processing sequences to create generalized, smaller scale data versions which preserve distinct hydrographic patterns in these regions. We work with multiple subbasins of the NHD that provide a range of terrain and climate characteristics. Specifically tailored generalization sequences are used to create simplified versions of the high resolution data, which was compiled for 1:24,000 scale mapping. Results are evaluated cartographically and metrically against a medium resolution benchmark version compiled for 1:100,000, developing coefficients of linear and areal correspondence. C1 [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, ATA Serv, CEGIS, Rolla, MO USA. [Brewer, Cynthia A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buttenfield, BP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM babs@colorado.edu; lstan@usgs.gov; cbrewer@psu.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC PI GAITHERSBURG PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 38 IS 3 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1559/15230406382289 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 807DX UT WOS:000293875500007 ER PT J AU Usery, EL AF Usery, E. Lynn TI The US Geological Survey Cartographic and Geographic Information Science Research Activities 2006-2010 SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Usery, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM usery@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC PI GAITHERSBURG PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 38 IS 3 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1559/15230406382302 PG 8 WC Geography SC Geography GA 807DX UT WOS:000293875500008 ER PT J AU Craun, KJ Donnelly, JP Allord, GJ AF Craun, Kari J. Donnelly, John P. Allord, Gregory J. TI The US Geological Survey Mapping and Cartographic Database Activities, 2006-2010 SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Craun, Kari J.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Donnelly, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Allord, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Craun, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM kcraun@usgs.gov; jpdonnelly@usgs.gov; gjallord@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC PI GAITHERSBURG PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA SN 1523-0406 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 38 IS 3 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1559/15230406382326 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA 807DX UT WOS:000293875500012 ER PT J AU Sheehan, KL Lafferty, KD O'Brien, J Cebrian, J AF Sheehan, Kate L. Lafferty, Kevin D. O'Brien, Jack Cebrian, Just TI Parasite Distribution, Prevalence, and Assemblages of the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in Southwestern Alabama, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Palaemonetes; parasite assemblage; distribution; wetland; ciliate; bopyrid; haplosporidian; microphallid trematode; Alabama gulf coast ID MICROPHALLUS-TURGIDUS TREMATODA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LARVAL TREMATODES; MARSH RESTORATION; SALT MARSHES; BLUE-CRAB; INDICATORS; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM AB The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, harbors a number of symbionts within its North American range. Here, we document the distribution and seasonality of 4 taxonomic groups that use P. pugio as a host in coastal Alabama. We conducted a regional survey of 4 symbionts of P. pugio over 3 seasons and compared assemblages across space and time. The most common parasite was the metacercarial stage of the microphallid trematode Microphallus turgidus, which remained consistently prevalent over the 3 seasons surveyed. We also monitored the prevalence of M. turgidus at 2 sites monthly. Prevalence fluctuated significantly among seasons at these sites, but spatial heterogeneity appears to have a stronger influence on regional parasite prevalence. Distributions of 3 of 4 symbionts overlapped in a single geographic area (Mon Louis Island, Alabama, U.S.A.); however, multispecies infections of individual hosts were normally distributed within host populations. Sites surrounding Mon Louis Island had substantially higher parasite prevalence, particularly in the summer months. This area had a high quantity of Spartina marsh habitat, which we found influenced parasite prevalence, suggesting a role for wetland habitat in structuring parasite communities for this host. C1 [Sheehan, Kate L.; Cebrian, Just] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Sheehan, Kate L.; Cebrian, Just] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [O'Brien, Jack] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [O'Brien, Jack] Univ S Alabama, Dept Biol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Sheehan, KL (reprint author), Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kates@clemson.edu; klafferty@usgs.gov; jobrien@jaguar1.usouthal.edu; jcebrian@disl.org RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Sheehan, Kate/0000-0001-5819-1362 FU Departments of Marine Sciences and Biology at the University of South Alabama; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA06OAR4170078]; Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium [R/CEH-24]; DISL; Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies (ACES) from the University of South Alabama; American Museum of Natural History FX We would like to thank the Departments of Marine Sciences and Biology at the University of South Alabama for their financial support and use of equipment, supplies, and vehicles. Thanks to the Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) for use of their wet lab facilities, boats, vehicles, and analytical laboratory. Field work was possible with time donated from Orin Robinson and Charles Martin. The study described here was performed in order to complete part of a Master's thesis required by the University of South Alabama. This publication was supported by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA Grant NA06OAR4170078, the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium (project R/CEH-24), and University Programs Directors Ken Heck and John Valentine at the DISL. Additional funding was provided by an Alabama Center for Estuarine Studies (ACES) graduate student assistantship from the University of South Alabama and the American Museum of Natural History through a Lerner-Gray Grant for Marine Research. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation to the editor and anonymous reviewers who helped improve this manuscript. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1654/4427.1 PG 12 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 803WH UT WOS:000293612300004 ER PT J AU Nourisson, C Morales-Vela, B Padilla-Saldivar, J Tucker, KP Clark, A Olivera-Gomez, LD Bonde, R McGuire, P AF Nourisson, Coralie Morales-Vela, Benjamin Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Tucker, Kimberly Pause Clark, AnnMarie David Olivera-Gomez, Leon Bonde, Robert McGuire, Peter TI Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity in Mexico and implications for their conservation SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Antillean manatee; Microsatellite; Conservation genetic; Genetic structure ID MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; LATIROSTRIS; SOFTWARE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; PROGRAM AB The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) occupies the tropical coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean, extending from Mexico along Central and South America to Brazil. Historically, manatees were abundant in Mexico, but hunting during the pre-Columbian period, the Spanish colonization and throughout the history of Mexico, has resulted in the significantly reduced population occupying Mexico today. The genetic structure, using microsatellites, shows the presence of two populations in Mexico: the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) and Chetumal Bay (ChB) on the Caribbean coast, with a zone of admixture in between. Both populations show low genetic diversity (GMx: N-A = 2.69; H-E = 0.41 and ChB: N-A = 3.0; H-E = 0.46). The lower genetic diversity found in the GMx, the largest manatee population in Mexico, is probably due to a combination of a founder effect, as this is the northern range of the sub-species of T. m. manatus, and a bottleneck event. The greater genetic diversity observed along the Caribbean coast, which also has the smallest estimated number of individuals, is possibly due to manatees that come from the GMx and Belize. There is evidence to support limited or unidirectional gene flow between these two important areas. The analyses presented here also suggest minimal evidence of a handful of individual migrants possibly between Florida and Mexico. To address management issues we suggest considering two distinct genetic populations in Mexico, one along the Caribbean coast and one in the riverine systems connected to the GMx. C1 [Nourisson, Coralie; Morales-Vela, Benjamin; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth] Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Tucker, Kimberly Pause] Coll Coastal Georgia, Dept Nat Sci, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Clark, AnnMarie] Univ Florida, ICBR Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [David Olivera-Gomez, Leon] Univ Juarez Autonoma Tabasco, Div Acad Ciencias Biol, Villahermosa 86039, Tabasco, Mexico. [Bonde, Robert] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Nourisson, C (reprint author), Colegio Frontera Sur, Av Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM coralie.nourisson@gmail.com RI Nourisson, Coralie/C-5997-2014; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/E-5141-2015; OI Nourisson, Coralie/0000-0003-2442-7490; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/0000-0001-8966-453X; Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de Mexico; Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres Francaise-EGIDE; Marine Mammal Commission; SEMARNAT/CONACYT [2002-C01-1128]; Dolphin Discovery; US Geological Survey FX This study is part of the doctoral dissertation research of the first author (CN), who was funded by a grant from the Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores de Mexico and by the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres Francaise-EGIDE. Financial support for training in Florida was provided by the Marine Mammal Commission. The project was funded by SEMARNAT/CONACYT (Project 2002-C01-1128) and Dolphin Discovery for manatee captures and genetic analysis, as well as the US Geological Survey-Sirenia Project for genetic analysis. Mexican Government Research Permits and sample collection authorizations were obtained from DGVS # 03144; 04513; 03670 and 03675. Samples were collected under scientific collection permits NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03144, NUM/SGPA/DGVS/04513, NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03670/06, SGPA/DGVS/04060/06; SGPA/DGVS/01103/07, SEDUM/SSMA/DGPPE/0191/2004 and RBSK OFICIO CUN 037/04. Samples were transported to the research laboratories in the US under CITES export permits MX22523, MX24463, MX28578, MX26485, MX38416, MX34645, MX31591 and CITES import permits 06US808447/9 and 07US808447/9. Samples were processed in Florida under authority of USFWS wildlife research permit MA791721 issued to the USGS Sirenia Project. All sample collection was done under approval of IACUC standards. Samples from the Gulf of Mexico area came from various projects and facilities: Dolphin Discovery, Veracruz Aquarium, Xcaret, ViaDelphi and Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco. We thank Dr. Margaret Hunter of the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center for advice and help in the laboratory with various software packages. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 EI 1573-6857 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JUL PY 2011 VL 139 IS 7 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 798XG UT WOS:000293244900001 PM 21681472 ER PT J AU Ashley, JW Golombek, MP Christensen, PR Squyres, SW McCoy, TJ Schroder, C Fleischer, I Johnson, JR Herkenhoff, KE Parker, TJ AF Ashley, J. W. Golombek, M. P. Christensen, P. R. Squyres, S. W. McCoy, T. J. Schroeder, C. Fleischer, I. Johnson, J. R. Herkenhoff, K. E. Parker, T. J. TI POST-FALL SURFACE MODIFICATION FEATURES OF IRON METEORITES FOUND BY THE OPPORTUNITY ROVER AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MARTIAN WEATHERING PROCESSES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 08-12, 2011 CL London, ENGLAND SP Meteorit Soc, Nat Hist Museum, Imperial Coll, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Space Agcy, Barringer Crater Co, CAMECA Instruments, Bruker Nano GmbH, CEPSAR - Open Univ, Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Univ Glasgow, Cambridge Univ Press, Sci (AAAS), WiTec GmbH, Royal Observ Greenwich C1 [Ashley, J. W.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Fleischer, I.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM james.ashley@ser.asu.edu RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 SU 1 SI SI BP A13 EP A13 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 797AN UT WOS:000293094700022 ER PT J AU Langenhorst, F Horton, JW Jackson, JC Belkin, HE Chou, IM AF Langenhorst, F. Horton, J. W., Jr. Jackson, J. C. Belkin, H. E. Chou, I. -M. TI MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOCKED RUTILE FROM THE CAPE CHARLES DRILL HOLE, CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT STRUCTURE, VIRGINIA, USA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 08-12, 2011 CL London, ENGLAND SP Meteorit Soc, Nat Hist Museum, Imperial Coll, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Space Agcy, Barringer Crater Co, CAMECA Instruments, Bruker Nano GmbH, CEPSAR - Open Univ, Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Univ Glasgow, Cambridge Univ Press, Sci (AAAS), WiTec GmbII, Royal Observ Greenwich C1 [Langenhorst, F.] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Horton, J. W., Jr.; Jackson, J. C.; Belkin, H. E.; Chou, I. -M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM Falko.Langenhorst@uni-jena.de NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 SU 1 SI SI BP A134 EP A134 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 797AN UT WOS:000293094700264 ER PT J AU Henaux, V Samuel, MD AF Henaux, Viviane Samuel, Michael D. TI AVIAN INFLUENZA SHEDDING PATTERNS IN WATERFOWL: IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVEILLANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSMISSION, AND DISEASE SPREAD SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; ducks; environment; geese; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; low pathogenic avian influenza virus; surveillance ID WILD BIRDS; A VIRUS; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; H5N1 VIRUS; DUCK MEAT; HONG-KONG; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS; CANADA; ASIA AB Despite the recognized importance of fecal/oral transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via contaminated wetlands, little is known about the length, quantity, or route of AI virus shed by wild waterfowl. We used published laboratory challenge studies to evaluate the length and quantity of low pathogenic (LP) and highly pathogenic (HP) virus shed via oral and cloacal routes by AI-infected ducks and geese, and how these factors might influence AI epidemiology and virus detection. We used survival analysis to estimate the duration of infection (from virus inoculation to the last day virus was shed) and nonlinear models to evaluate temporal patterns in virus shedding. We found higher mean virus titer and longer median infectious period for LPAI-infected ducks (10-11.5 days in oral and cloacal swabs) than HPAI-infected ducks (5 days) and geese (7.5 days). Based on the median bird infectious dose, we found that environmental contamination is two times higher for LPAI- than HPAI-infectious ducks, which implies that susceptible birds may have a higher probability of infection during LPAI than HPAI outbreaks. Less environmental contamination during the course of infection and previously documented shorter environmental persistence for HPAI than LPAI suggest that the environment is a less favorable reservoir for HPAI. The longer infectious period, higher virus titers, and subclinical infections with LPAI viruses favor the spread of these viruses by migratory birds in comparison to HPAI. Given the lack of detection of HPAI viruses through worldwide surveillance, we suggest monitoring for AI should aim at improving our understanding of AT dynamics (in particular, the role of the environment and immunity) using long-term comprehensive live bird, serologic, and environmental sampling at targeted areas. Our findings on LPAI and HPAI shedding patterns over time provide essential information to parameterize environmental transmission and virus spread in predictive epizootiologic models of disease risks. C1 [Henaux, Viviane] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henaux, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM henaux@wisc.edu NR 71 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 566 EP 578 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500009 PM 21719821 ER PT J AU Goldstein, T Gill, VA Tuomi, P Monson, D Burdin, A Conrad, PA Dunn, JL Field, C Johnson, C Jessup, DA Bodkin, J Doroff, AM AF Goldstein, Tracey Gill, Verena A. Tuomi, Pam Monson, Daniel Burdin, Alexander Conrad, Patricia A. Dunn, J. Lawrence Field, Cara Johnson, Christine Jessup, David A. Bodkin, James Doroff, Angela M. TI ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGEN EXPOSURE IN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS) BORDERING THE THREATENED POPULATION IN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brucella; Enhydra lutris; phocine distemper; Russia; sea otter; serosurvey ID PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; BRUCELLA SP INFECTION; HARBOR SEALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; VITULINA; LEPTOSPIROSIS; CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN; LIONS AB Northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest Alaska, USA, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In contrast, adjacent populations in south central Alaska, USA, and Russia have been stable to increasing during the same period. Sea otters bordering the area classified in the recent decline were live-captured during 2004-2006 at Bering Island, Russia, and the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA, to evaluate differences in general health and current exposure status to marine and terrestrial pathogens. Although body condition was lower in animals captured at Bering Island, Russia, than it was at Kodiak, USA, clinical pathology values did not reveal differences in general health between the two regions. Low prevalences of antibodies (< 5%) were found in Kodiak, USA, and on Bering Island, Russia, to Toxoplasma Sarcocystis neurona, and Leptospira interrogans. Exposure to phocine herpesvirus-1 was found in both Kodiak, USA (15.2%), and Bering Island, Russia (2.3%). Antibodies to Brucella spp. were found in 28% of the otters tested on Bering Island, Russia, compared with only 2.7% of the samples from Kodiak, USA. Prevalence of exposure to Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was 41% in Kodiak, USA, but 0% on Bering Island, Russia. Archived sera from southwest and south-central Alaska dating back to 1989 were negative for PDV, indicating exposure occurred in sea otters in Kodiak, USA, in recent years. Because PDV can be highly pathogenic in naive and susceptible marine mammal populations, tissues should be examined to explore the contribution of this virus to otter deaths. Our results reveal an increase in exposure to pathogens in sea otters in Kodiak, Alaska, USA, since the 1990s. C1 [Gill, Verena A.; Doroff, Angela M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Monson, Daniel; Bodkin, James] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burdin, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Conrad, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunn, J. Lawrence; Field, Cara] Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Dunn, J. Lawrence; Field, Cara] Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Jessup, David A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey; Tuomi, Pam; Burdin, Alexander] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Johnson, Christine] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Goldstein, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Old Davis Rd, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Sea Life Center; US Geological Survey; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; California Department of Fish and Game FX This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Sea Life Center, US Geological Survey, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, and the California Department of Fish and Game and was conducted under the DMA permits MA041309-2 and MA740507-2. Thanks to personnel from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey, Alaska Sea Life Center, Marine Mammal Protection Division, Sevvostrybvod, 'Komandorsky' Reserve, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, and University of California at Davis, especially: D. Jenski, H. Coletti, M. Yourkowski, J. de In Bruere, T. Fischbach, K. Kloecker, J. Estes, T. Tinker, M. Terwilliger, B. Hatfield, J. Ames, M. Harris, G. Benthal, V. Nikulin, S. Zagrebelny, V. Fomin, D. Utkin, E. Dubovi, A. Melli, A. Packham, L. Rea, P. Rivera, J. Saliki. A special thanks also to P. Boveng and J. Richmond for their generous help in testing of the harbor seal samples. We also thank J. Mazet and M. Murray for thoughtful review of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 56 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 579 EP 592 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500010 PM 21719822 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Torrence, SM Sterner, MC AF Mertins, James W. Torrence, Shannon M. Sterner, M. C. TI CHIGGERS RECENTLY INFESTING SPEA SPP. IN TEXAS, USA, WERE EUTROMBICULA ALFREDDUGESI, NOT HANNEMANIA SP. SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; ectoparasite; playa; spadefoot toad; Spea bombifrons; Spea multiplicata ID ACARINA-TROMBICULIDAE; PARASITENGONA AB Upon re-examination of preserved larval chiggers collected from spadefoot toads (Spea bombifrons. and Spea multiplicata) in the Southern High Plains of Texas, USA, and identified previously as Hannemania sp., we found them to be Eutrombicula alfreddugesi. A review of previous reports of Eutrombicula spp. chiggers on amphibian hosts provides context for current findings. All members of the genus Hannemania are specialized larval parasites of amphibians, whereas larval E. alfreddugesi are generalist parasites of a wide variety of terrestrial vertebrate hosts that infrequently includes amphibians. Spadefoot toads are previously undocumented hosts for E. alfreddugesi, and observed infestations were unusually prevalent and intense for this chigger on an amphibian host. C1 [Mertins, James W.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Torrence, Shannon M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Fairbanks Field Off, Ecol Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sterner, M. C.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM james.w.mertins@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 612 EP 617 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500013 PM 21719825 ER PT J AU Meteyer, CU Valent, M Kashmer, J Buckles, EL Lorch, JM Blehert, DS Lollar, A Berndt, D Wheeler, E White, CL Ballmann, AE AF Meteyer, Carol Uphoff Valent, Mick Kashmer, Jackie Buckles, Elizabeth L. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Blehert, David S. Lollar, Amanda Berndt, Douglas Wheeler, Emily White, C. LeAnn Ballmann, Anne E. TI RECOVERY OF LITTLE BROWN BATS (MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS) FROM NATURAL INFECTION WITH GEOMYCES DESTRUCTANS, WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bats; emerging fungal disease; Geomyces destructans; hibernation; Myotis lucifugus; white-nose syndrome AB Geomyces destructans produces the white fungal growth on the muzzle and the tacky white discoloration on wings and ears that characterize white-nose syndrome (WNS) in cave-hibernating bats. To test the hypothesis that postemergent WNS-infected bats recover from infection with G. destructans, 30 little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in May 2009 from a WNS-affected hibernation site in New Jersey. All bats were confirmed to be infected with G. destructans using a noninvasive fungal tape method to identify the conidia of G. destructans and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The bats were then held in captivity and given supportive care for 70 days. Of the 26 bats that survived and were humanely killed after 70 days, 25 showed significant improvement in the external appearance of wing membranes, had no microscopic evidence of infection by C. destructans, and had wing tissue samples that were negative for G. destructans by PC R. A subset of the bats was treated topically at the beginning of the rehabilitation study with a dilute vinegar solution, but treatment with vinegar provided no added advantage to recovery. Provision of supportive care to homeothermic bats was sufficient for full recovery from WNS. One bat at day 70 still had both gross pathology and microscopic evidence of WNS in wing membranes and was PCR-positive for G. destructans. Dense aggregates of neutrophils surrounded the hyphae that remained in the wing membrane of this bat. C1 [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.; Berndt, Douglas; White, C. LeAnn; Ballmann, Anne E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Valent, Mick] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Clinton, NJ 08809 USA. [Kashmer, Jackie] Bat World New Jersey, Pittstown, NJ 08867 USA. [Buckles, Elizabeth L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Sect Anat Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lollar, Amanda] Bat World Sanctuary, Mineral Wells, TX 76067 USA. [Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Wheeler, Emily] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Anim Sci Lab 462, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM cmeteyer@usgs.gov RI Lankau, Emily/C-8057-2011; OI Lankau, Emily/0000-0002-7094-7780; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Christina Kocer, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Wildlife, and Susi von Oettingen and Annette Scherer from the US Fish and Wildlife Service for their input with the study design; Nathan Ramsay for photo archiving; and Paul Cryan and Krysten Schuler for manuscript review. Partial funding was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service 2008 State Wildlife Grant to Pennsylvania. This study was approved by the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife, Endangered and Nongame Species Program, and the procedures for sampling and euthanasia of bats were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the US Geological Survey following the American Veterinary Medical Association's Guidelines on Euthanasia and the Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research and by the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center Animal Care and Use document EP081124-A1. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 63 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 618 EP 626 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500014 PM 21719826 ER PT J AU van der Merwe, D Carpenter, JW Nietfeld, JC Miesner, JF AF van der Merwe, Deon Carpenter, James W. Nietfeld, Jerome C. Miesner, John F. TI ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS IN CANADA GEESE (BRANTA CANADENSIS) ASSOCIATED WITH WASTE FROM ZINC AND LEAD MINES IN THE TRI-STATE MINING DISTRICT (KANSAS, OKLAHOMA, AND MISSOURI, USA) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada Goose; lead poisoning; mine waste; Tri-State Mining District; zinc poisoning ID POLLUTION AB Lead and zinc poisoning have been recorded in a variety of bird species, including migrating waterfowl such as Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), at sites contaminated with mine waste from lead and zinc mines in the Tri-State Mining District, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, USA. The adverse health impacts from mine waste on these birds may, however, be more extensive than is apparent from incidental reports of clinical disease. To characterize health impacts from mine waste on Canada Geese that do not have observable signs of poisoning, four to eight apparently healthy birds per site were collected from four contaminated sites and an uncontaminated reference site, and examined for physical and physiologic evidence of metals poisoning. Tissue concentrations of silver, aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Adverse health effects due to lead were characterized by assessing blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme activity. Adverse effects associated with zinc poisoning were determined from histologic examination of pancreas tissues. Elevated tissue lead concentrations and inhibited blood ALAD enzyme activities were consistently found in birds at all contaminated sites. Histopathologic signs of zinc poisoning, including fibrosis and vacuolization, were associated with elevated pancreatic zinc concentrations at one of the study sites. Adverse health effects associated with other analyzed elements, or tissue concentrations indicating potentially toxic exposure levels to these elements, were not observed. C1 [van der Merwe, Deon; Carpenter, James W.; Nietfeld, Jerome C.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Miesner, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kansas Field Off, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP van der Merwe, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dmerwe@vet.ksu.edu RI Van der Merwe, Deon/D-5326-2011 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; National Institutes of Health [NIH T35 RR007064]; Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholar Program; Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine FX We thank Gibran Suleiman of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for invaluable assistance in planning and sample collection, and Snehal Tawde, Shiva Mohandass, Lori Blevins, Ashley Smit, and Elizabeth Prigge of Kansas State University for assistance with sample collection, processing, and analysis. We also thank Carolyn Cray of the Division of Clinical Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA, for assistance with blood ALAD activity assays. Major funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding assistance was also provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH T35 RR007064), the Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholar Program, and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 650 EP 660 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500018 PM 21719830 ER PT J AU Dona, MG Rehtanz, M Adimey, NM Bossart, GD Jenson, AB Bonde, RK Ghim, SJ AF Dona, Maria Gabriella Rehtanz, Manuela Adimey, Nicole M. Bossart, Gregory D. Jenson, Alfred B. Bonde, Robert K. Ghim, Shin-je TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TmPV1 INFECTION IN CAPTIVE AND WILD FLORIDA MANATEES (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibody prevalence; Florida manatees; TmPV1; virus-like particles (VLPs) ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; HPV INFECTION; L1 PROTEIN; TYPE-1; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; PAPILLOMATOSIS AB In 1997, cutaneous papillomatosis caused by Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris [Tm]) papillomavirus 1 (TmPV1.) was detected in seven captive manatees at the Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, Florida, USA, and, subsequently, in two wild manatees from the adjacent Homosassa River. Since then, papillomatosis has been reported in captive manatees housed in other locations, but not in wild animals. To determine TmPV1 antibody prevalence in captive and wild manatees sampled at various locations throughout Florida coastal regions, virus-like particles, composed of the L1 capsid protein of TmPV1, were generated with a baculovirus expression system and used to measure anti-TmPV1 antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serologic analysis of 156 manatees revealed a TmPV1 antibody prevalence of 26.3%, with no significant difference between captive (n=39) and wild (n=117) manatees (28.2% and 25.6%, respectively). No antibody-positive wild animal showed PV-induced cutaneous lesions, whereas papillomatosis was observed in 72.7% of antibody-positive captive manatees. Our data indicate that Florida manatees living in the wild are naturally infected by TmPV1 but rarely show TmPV1-induced papillomatosis. Hence, it appears that the wild population would not be harmed in a case of contact with captive animals without visible lesions and productive infections, which could be thus released into the wild. C1 [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Ghim, Shin-je] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Rehtanz, Manuela] NYU, Dept Basic Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Adimey, Nicole M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Bonde, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM rbonde@usgs.gov OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 673 EP 684 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500020 PM 21719832 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JRR Rocke, TE AF Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos Rocke, Tonie E. TI Use of Rhodamine B as a Biomarker for Oral Plague Vaccination of Prairie Dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Plague; prairie dog; rhodamine B; vaccination ID MARKER AB Oral vaccination against Yersinia pestis could provide a feasible approach for controlling plague in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) for conservation and public health purposes. Biomarkers are useful in wildlife vaccination programs to demonstrate exposure to vaccine baits. Rhodamine B (RB) was tested as a potential biomarker for oral plague vaccination because it allows nonlethal sampling of animals through hair, blood, and feces. We found that RB is an appropriate marker for bait uptake studies of <60 days in black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus) when used at concentrations <0.5% of bait mass dosed to deliver >10 mg RB per kg target animal mass. Whiskers with follicles provided the best sample for RB detection. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Fernandez, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU United States Geological Survey; Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey and the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. We thank J. Brunner and L. Stickney for animal care and E. Hofmeister and K. Sladky for technical review. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 793CR UT WOS:000292798500037 PM 21719849 ER PT J AU Valdez, EW Wiles, GJ O'Shea, TJ AF Valdez, Ernest W. Wiles, Gary J. O'Shea, Thomas J. TI Diets of the Sympatric Pacific Sheath-Tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana Swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE AB The Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi) are two rare insectivorous taxa restricted to the southern Mariana Islands in western Micronesia. It is believed that populations of both have dwindled because of impacts to their food resources. However, there is little information on the food habits of A. bartschi and none exists for E. s. rotensis. In an effort to better understand the feeding habits of both, we investigated their diets using guano analysis. Guano was collected from two roosts in caves during a 2-week period in June and July at the onset of the rainy season. Important orders of insects consumed (percentage volume) by bats roosting at one cave included hymenopterans (64%), coleopterans (10%), lepidopterans (8%), isopterans (8%), and psocopterans (5%), whereas those at a second cave included lepidopterans (45%), hymenopterans (41%), coleopterans (10%), and isopterans (5%). Swiftlets, which roosted in only one of the caves, fed mostly on hymenopterans (88%) and hemipterans (6%). Significant differences existed between the two taxa in several insect orders eaten, with E. s. rotensis consuming more lepidopterans and coleopterans and A. bartschi taking more hymenopterans and hemipterans. Within Hymenoptera, bats fed more on ichneumoideans, whereas swiftlets ate more formicid alates and chalicidoideans. This new information on the feeding habits of E. s. rotensis and A. bartschi provides insight on the complexity of their diets during June and July, and serves as baseline information for future studies and management of their habitat. C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wiles, Gary J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ernie@usgs.gov FU U.S. Navy through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Primary funding for this study came from the U.S. Navy through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey. Manuscript accepted 5 September 2010. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.2984/65.3.301 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 800OM UT WOS:000293371300002 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, KH Moyer, RP Quinn, TM Grottoli, AG AF Kilbourne, K. Halimeda Moyer, Ryan P. Quinn, Terrence M. Grottoli, Andrea. G. TI Testing coral-based tropical cyclone reconstructions: An example from Puerto Rico SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral; Tropical cyclone; Hurricane; Paleotempestology; Puerto Rico; Oxygen isotope ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE; RECORD AB Complimenting modern records of tropical cyclone activity with longer historical and paleoclimatological records would increase our understanding of natural tropical cyclone variability on decadal to centennial time scales. Tropical cyclones produce large amounts of precipitation with significantly lower delta O-18 values than normal precipitation, and hence may be geochemically identifiable as negative delta O-18 anomalies in marine carbonate delta O-18 records. This study investigates the usefulness of coral skeletal delta O-18 as a means of reconstructing past tropical cyclone events. Isotopic modeling of rainfall mixing with seawater shows that detecting an isotopic signal from a tropical cyclone in a coral requires a salinity of similar to 33 psu at the time of coral growth, but this threshold is dependent on the isotopic composition of both fresh and saline end-members. A comparison between coral delta O-18 and historical records of tropical cyclone activity, river discharge, and precipitation from multiple sites in Puerto Rico shows that tropical cyclones are not distinguishable in the coral record from normal rainfall using this approach at these sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] UMCES CBL, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Moyer, Ryan P.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Moyer, Ryan P.; Grottoli, Andrea. G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kilbourne, KH (reprint author), UMCES CBL, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; Grottoli, Andrea/C-9736-2009 OI Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438; FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0327420, OCE-0610487]; Andrew Mellon Foundation; USGS FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant OCE-0327420 to TMQ and in part by grants to AGG from the Andrew Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography Program (OCE-0610487). RPM was supported by the USGS Mendenhall Post-doctoral Fellowship program. We are grateful for field and laboratory assistance provided by H. Anguerre, M. Canals, M. Cathey, C Malachowski, C. Pacheco, B. Williams, M. Carlo, F.W. Taylor and P.K. Swart. K. Helmle and R. Dodge facilitated the x-radiography of the coral skeletons at the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center. Laboratory analyses were assisted by E. Goddard, M. Cathey, Y. Matsui, C. Paver, L Swierk, and H. Wu. Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for helping improve the manuscript by providing valuable comments. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US. Government This manuscript is contribution number 4504 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 307 IS 1-4 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.027 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 801FR UT WOS:000293424300006 ER PT J AU DeLong, KL Flannery, JA Maupin, CR Poore, RZ Quinn, TM AF DeLong, Kristine L. Flannery, Jennifer A. Maupin, Christopher R. Poore, Richard Z. Quinn, Terrence M. TI A coral Sr/Ca calibration and replication study of two massive corals from the Gulf of Mexico SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Montastraea faveolata; Siderastrea siderea; Dry Tortugas; Sr/Ca; Paleoclimate; Coral ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ISOTOPIC RECORD; PORITES CORALS; STRONTIUM; PACIFIC; RATIOS AB This study examined the variations in the ratio of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) for two Atlantic corals (Montastraea faveolata and Siderastrea siderea) from the Dry Tortugas National Park (centered on 24.7 degrees N, 82.8 degrees W) in the Gulf of Mexico. Cores from coral colonies in close proximity (105 of meters) and with the same environmental conditions (i.e., depth and water chemistry) were micro-sampled with approximately monthly resolution and the resulting Sr/Ca variations were calibrated with local sea surface temperature (SST) records. Replication tests for coral Sr/Ca variations found high agreement between intra-colony variations and between individual colonies of S. siderea (a single M. faveolata colony was sampled). Regression analysis of monthly variations in coral Sr/Ca and local SST revealed significant correlation on monthly and inter-annual timescales. Verification of the calibration on different timescales found coral Sr/Ca-SST reconstructions in S. siderea were more accurate than those from M. faveolata, especially on inter-annual timescales. Sr/Ca-SST calibration equations for the two species are significantly different (cf., Sr/Ca = -0.042 SST + 10.070, S. siderea; Sr/Ca = -0.027 SST + 9.893, M. faveolata). Mean linear extension for M. faveolata is approximately twice that of S. siderea (4.63, 4.31, and 8.31 mm year(-1), A1, F1, and B3, respectively): however, seasonal Sr/Ca variability in M. faveolata is less than S. siderea (0.323, 0.353, and 0.254 mmol mol(-1), A1, F1, and B3, respectively). The reduced slope for M. faveolata is attributed to physical sampling issues associated with complex time-skeletal structure of M. faveolata, i.e., a sampling effect, and not a growth effect since the faster growing M. faveolata has the reduced Sr/Ca variability. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeLong, Kristine L.; Flannery, Jennifer A.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Maupin, Christopher R.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP DeLong, KL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, 227 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kdelong@lsu.edu; jflannery@usgs.gov; cmaupin@mail.utexas.edu; rpoore@usgs.gov; quinn@utig.ig.utexas.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; DeLong, Kristine/B-7500-2008 OI DeLong, Kristine/0000-0001-6320-421X FU Louisiana State University Council FX We thank Chris Reich, Don Hickey, Jordan Sanford, and B.J. Reynolds of the USGS, Michele LaVigne of Rutgers University, the M/V Fort Jefferson crew, and Dry Tortugas National Park personnel for their support in recovery of coral cores. Kelly Nereid and Liz Powell of the UT, and Adis Muslic of the USGS are acknowledged for their assistance. We thank Mary Manheim and Ginny Listi of the LSU FACES laboratory for their assistance with X-rays. KLD was supported in part by the Louisiana State University Council on Research Summer Stipend Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Data are available from the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado; IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/tortugas2011.txt, fl:p://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/tortugas2011.xls. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 307 IS 1-4 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.005 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 801FR UT WOS:000293424300009 ER PT J AU Cline, BB Haig, SM AF Cline, Brittany B. Haig, Susan M. TI SEASONAL MOVEMENT, RESIDENCY, AND MIGRATORY PATTERNS OF WILSON'S SNIPE (GALLINAGO DELICATA) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE agricultural wetland; annual cycle; Gallinago delicata; home range; migratory connectivity; regional fidelity; shorebirds; Wilson's Snipe; winter migratory ecology ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HOME-RANGE; WINTERING DUNLIN; SPACE USE; WETLAND CONNECTIVITY; WATERBIRD HABITAT; WILLAMETTE-VALLEY; AMERICAN AVOCETS; SAMPLE-SIZE AB Cross-seasonal studies of avian movement establish links between geographically distinct wintering, breeding, and migratory stopover locations, or assess site fidelity and movement between distinct phases of the annual cycle. Far fewer studies have investigated individual movement patterns within and among seasons over an annual cycle. Within western Oregon's Willamette Valley throughout 2007, we quantified intra- and interseasonal movement patterns, fidelity (regional and local), and migratory patterns of 37 radiomarked Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) to elucidate residency in a region of breeding- and wintering-range overlap. Telemetry revealed complex regional population structure, including winter residents (74%), winter transients (14%), summer residents (9%), and one year-round resident breeder (3%). Results indicated a lack of connectivity between winter and summer capture populations, some evidence of partial migration, and between-season fidelity to the region (winter-resident return; subsequent fall). Across seasons, the extent of movements and use of multiple wetland sites suggested that Wilson's Snipe were capable of exploratory movements but more regularly perceived local and fine-scale segments of the landscape as connected. Movements differed significantly by season and residency; individuals exhibited contracted movements during late winter and more expansive movements during precipitation-limited periods (late spring, summer, fall). Mean home-range size was 3.5 +/- 0.93 km(2) (100% minimum convex polygon [MCP]) and 1.6 +/- 0.42 km(2) (95% fixed kernel) and did not vary by sex; however, home range varied markedly by season (range of 100% MCPs: 1.04-7.56 km(2)). The results highlight the need to consider seasonal and interspecific differences in shorebird life histories and space-use requirements when developing regional wetland conservation plans. Received 20 September 2010, accepted 13 May 2011. C1 [Cline, Brittany B.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cline, Brittany B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cline, BB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM brittany.cline@maine.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Pacific Coast Joint Venture; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW); Natural Resources Conservation Service's (NRCS) Conservation on Private Lands grant initiative FX Support for this project was generously provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Pacific Coast Joint Venture, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), and by the Natural Resources Conservation Service's (NRCS) Conservation on Private Lands grant initiative. We are particularly indebted to M. Carper, M. Cline, K. Fehring, J. Hatt, and E. Krantz for countless hours capturing and tracking birds. We thank the late R. Bentley (USFWS) for assistance with aerial surveys, N. Rash (ODFW) for help with telemetry-vehicle construction, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for boat surveys. We are grateful to K. Beal and W. Messinger (USACE), J. Beall (USFWS), R. Fiori and W. Morrow (ODFW), S. DeGhetto, and D. Sharps for land access. Numerous private landowners provided access to their property, including S. Bessett, L. Campbell, J. Geier, T. Goracke, L. and W. Halsey, J. Harding, J. Janosik, I. and J. Just, C. Kiilsgaard, R. Olsen, and J. Reams. We thank T. Mullins for molecular lab work; P. Haggerty kindly provided GIS support. This work benefited greatly from comments by S. Austin-Bythell, C. Bianchi, B. Dugger, E. Elliott-Smith, M. Johnson, N. Johnson, D. Kesler, J. Matthews, O. Taft, D. Robinson, P. Sanzenbacher, C. Spiegel, and C. Torgersen. Data from Oregon Climate Service are available at www.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2011 VL 128 IS 3 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.10217 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 799SV UT WOS:000293307300012 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Banks, RC Barker, FK Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Banks, Richard C. Barker, F. Keith Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI FIFTY-SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS SO AUK LA English DT Article ID OLD-WORLD SUBOSCINES; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; APHELOCOMA-ULTRAMARINA; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; TYRANT FLYCATCHERS; DIVERGENCE TIMES; HYBRID ZONE; AVES; PASSERIFORMES; WARBLER C1 [Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Museum Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chessert@si.edu RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; NR 86 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2011 VL 128 IS 3 BP 600 EP 613 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.128.3.600 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 799SV UT WOS:000293307300020 ER PT J AU Schultz, MM Painter, MM Bartell, SE Logue, A Furlong, ET Werner, SL Schoenfuss, HL AF Schultz, Melissa M. Painter, Meghan M. Bartell, Stephen E. Logue, Amanda Furlong, Edward T. Werner, Stephen L. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. TI Selective uptake and biological consequences of environmentally relevant antidepressant pharmaceutical exposures on male fathead minnows SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; Fathead minnow; Vitellogenin; Histology; Behavior ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; WASTE-WATER; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FISH; FLUOXETINE; GROWTH; RAT; REPRODUCTION AB Antidepressant pharmaceuticals have been reported in wastewater effluent at the nanogram to low microgram-per-liter range, and include bupropion (BUP), fluoxetine (FLX), sertraline (SER), and venlafaxine (VEN). To assess the effects of antidepressants on reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior, adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 21 days either to a single concentration of the antidepressants FLX, SER. VEN, or BUP, or to an antidepressant mixture. The data demonstrated that exposure to VEN (305 ng/L and 1104 ng/L) and SER (5.2 ng/L) resulted in mortality. Anatomical alterations were noted within the testes of fish exposed to SER and FLX, both modulators of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Additionally, FLX at 28 ng/L induced vitellogenin in male fish a common endpoint for estrogenic endocrine disruption. Significant alterations in male secondary sex characteristics were noted with single exposures. Effects of single compound exposures neither carried over, nor became additive in the antidepressant mixtures, and reproductive behavior was not affected. Analysis of brain tissues from the exposed fish suggested increased uptake of FLX, SER and BUP and minimal uptake of VEN when compared to exposure water concentrations. Furthermore, the only metabolite detected consistently in the brain tissues was norfluoxetine. Similar trends of uptake by brain tissue were observed when fish were exposed to antidepressant mixtures. The present study demonstrates that anatomy and physiology, but not reproductive behavior, can be disrupted by exposure to environmental concentrations of some antidepressants. The observation that antidepressant uptake into fish tissues is selective may have consequences on assessing the mode-of-action and effects of these compounds in future studies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Painter, Meghan M.; Bartell, Stephen E.; Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Schultz, Melissa M.; Logue, Amanda] Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schoenfuss, HL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, WSB 273, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu FU U.S. EPA [R832741-01-0]; NSF [CHE-0821110] FX Funding provided by U.S. EPA STAR (R832741-01-0) and NSF (CHE-0821110). Additional support was provided through the Sophomore Research Program (Logue) and Wilson and Luce Research funds for faculty research (Schultz) from The College of Wooster. Thanks to Gerald LeBlanc, North Carolina State University, for the polyclonal anti-fathead minnow VTG antibody. Laboratory assistance was provided by Nathan Jahns, Timothy Loes, and Megan Buerkley. Use of trade, firm, or product names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 52 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 9 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.011 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 795CS UT WOS:000292949700005 PM 21536011 ER PT J AU Mastin, MC Chase, KJ Dudley, RW AF Mastin, Mark C. Chase, Katherine J. Dudley, R. W. TI Changes in Spring Snowpack for Selected Basins in the United States for Different Climate-Change Scenarios SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Snow-water equivalent; Watershed modeling ID NEW-ENGLAND; VARIABILITY; INDICATORS; TRENDS; MAINE AB Spring snowpack is an important water resource in many river basins in the United States in areas where snowmelt comprises a large part of the annual runoff. Increasing temperatures will likely reduce snowpacks in the future, resulting in more winter runoff and less available water during the summer low-flow season. As part of the National Climate Change Modeling Project by the U.S. Geological Survey, distributed watershed-model output was analyzed to characterize areal extent and water-equivalent volumes of spring snowpack for a warming climate. The output from seven selected watershed models from the mountainous western United States and one model from coastal Maine in the northeastern United States shows a future of declining spring snowpack. Snow-cover area (SCA) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) were used to compare the spring snowpack for current conditions (2006) with three time periods in the future (2030, 2060, and 2090) using three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios published in the 2007 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES): A2, B1, and A1B. Distributed SWE and SCA values were sorted into elevation zones in each basin. The change in spring snowpack over time was greater than the change among different emission scenarios, suggesting that, even for a globally reduced carbon emission scenario, large decreases in SWE are likely to occur. The SRES A2 scenario resulted in the greatest decrease in SWE for six of the basins, and the SRES B1 and A1B scenarios resulted in the greatest decrease in one basin each. C1 [Mastin, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Chase, Katherine J.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. [Dudley, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. RP Mastin, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM mcmastin@usgs.gov OI Chase, Katherine/0000-0002-5796-4148; Mastin, Mark/0000-0003-4018-7861 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 15 AR 23 DI 10.1175/2010EI368.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796TQ UT WOS:000293075700001 ER PT J AU Apotsos, A Gelfenbaum, G Jaffe, B Watt, S Peck, B Buckley, M Stevens, A AF Apotsos, Alex Gelfenbaum, Guy Jaffe, Bruce Watt, Steve Peck, Brian Buckley, Mark Stevens, Andrew TI Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in a sediment-limited embayment on American Samoa SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunami inundation; sediment transport; South Pacific tsunami; numerical modeling; American Samoa ID RUN-UP; UNIFIED VIEW; WAVES; DEPOSITS; MODEL; CURRENTS; BATHYMETRY; INDONESIA; COAST; ACEH AB Field observations and numerical simulations are used to explore tsunami inundation and sediment transport in an embayment (Fagafue Bay) on the north side of Tutuila, American Samoa during the 29 September 2009 South Pacific tsunami. Field observations of the nearshore bathymetry and topography, tsunami flow depth and sediment deposition, and extent of movable sandy sediment remaining on the beach were collected during two field surveys approximately two and five weeks after the tsunami. Onshore measurements of flow depth at forty-eight locations indicate the wave inundated almost 250 m onshore with a depth exceeding 7 m locally. The tsunami deposited patchy areas of sediment up to 0.2 m thick interspersed with a thin dusting (<0.01 m) of sandy sediment throughout most of the inundated area. A numerical simulation based on the best available topography and bathymetry and a simplified offshore wave forcing is calibrated with the onshore flow observations. The calibrated model is used to simulate tsunami-induced sediment transport within and onshore of both the actual embayment and several idealized embayments. The simulations show that the onshore deposition of sediment can be affected by more than 50% by both the amount of sediment available for transport and the steepness of the onshore topography, suggesting these effects may need to be considered when interpreting tsunami deposits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Apotsos, Alex; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Stevens, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce; Watt, Steve; Buckley, Mark] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Peck, Brian] NRCS, USDA, Pago Pago, AS USA. RP Apotsos, A (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. EM aapotsos@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This research was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Critical reviews from Brian Atwater, Jessica Lacy, and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.001 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500002 ER PT J AU Gelfenbaum, G Apotsos, A Stevens, AW Jaffe, B AF Gelfenbaum, Guy Apotsos, Alex Stevens, Andrew W. Jaffe, Bruce TI Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunami inundation; coral reefs; tsunami runup ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; ISLANDS FIELD SURVEY; SRI-LANKA; COASTAL VEGETATION; ASIAN TSUNAMI; CORAL-REEFS; PROPAGATION; MALDIVES; DISASTERS; BARRIERS AB A numerical model of tsunami inundation, Delft3D, which has been validated for the 29 September 2009 tsunami in Tutuila, American Samoa, is used to better understand the impact of fringing coral reefs and embayments on tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. The inundation model is used to explore the general conditions under which fringing reefs act as coastal buffers against incoming tsunamis. Of particular interest is the response of tsunamis to reefs of varying widths, depths, and roughness, as well as the effects of channels incised in the reef and the focusing effect of embayments. Model simulations for conditions similar to Tutuila, yet simplified to be uniform in the alongshore, suggest that for narrow reefs, less than about 200 m wide, the shoaling owing to shallow water depths over the fringing reef dominates, inducing greater wave heights onshore under some conditions and farther inundation inland. As the reef width increases, wave dissipation through bottom friction begins to dominate and the reef causes the tsunami wave heights to decrease and the tsunami to inundate less far inland. A sensitivity analysis suggests that coral reef roughness is important in determining the manner in which a fringing reef affects tsunami inundation. Smooth reefs are more likely to increase the onshore velocity within the tsunami compared to rough reefs. A larger velocity will likely result in an increased impact of the tsunami on structures and buildings. Simulations developed to explore 2D coastal morphology show that incised channels similar to those found around Tutuila, as well as coastal embayments, also affect tsunami inundation, allowing larger waves to penetrate farther inland. The largest effect is found for channels located within embayments, and for embayments that narrow landward. These simulations suggest that embayments that narrow landward, such as Fagafue Bay on the north side of Tutuila, and that have an incised deep channel, can cause a significant increase in tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. Wide embayments, similar in size to Massacre Bay, induce some tsunami amplification, but not as much as for the narrowing embayment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gelfenbaum, Guy; Apotsos, Alex; Stevens, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Program FX The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this work. AA was funded by the USGS Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Program. Florence Wong contributed to the GIS analysis of reef widths. Mark Buckley, Bruce Richmond and Brian Peck participated in the field data collection after the 29 September 2009 tsunami. Steve Watt contributed to field data collection, GIS analysis and to creating figures. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. The manuscript was improved by careful reviews from Eric Geist, Marlene Noble, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.005 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500003 ER PT J AU Jaffe, B Buckley, M Richmond, B Strotz, L Etienne, S Clark, K Watt, S Gelfenbaum, G Goff, J AF Jaffe, Bruce Buckley, Mark Richmond, Bruce Strotz, Luke Etienne, Samuel Clark, Kate Watt, Steve Gelfenbaum, Guy Goff, James TI Flow speed estimated by inverse modeling of sandy sediment deposited by the 29 September 2009 tsunami near Satitoa, east Upolu, Samoa SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; sediment transport; Samoa; inverse model; suspension; grading ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; FIELD SURVEY; NORTHERN JAPAN; EARTHQUAKE; INDONESIA; TRANSPORT; HOKKAIDO; SUMATRA; FLORES; ISLAND AB Sandy deposits from the 29 September 2009 tsunami on the east coast of Upolu, Samoa were investigated to document their characteristics and used to apply an inverse sediment transport model to estimate tsunami flow speed. Sandy deposits 6 to 15 cm thick formed from similar to 25 to similar to 250 m inland. Sedimentary layers in the deposits, that are defined by vertical grain size variation and contacts, are interpreted to have formed during onshore runup of two waves. Deposits at 3 locations (100, 170, and 240 m inland) contained two layers that are predominately normally graded (similar to 80%), but contained massive sections (similar to 15%) and inversely graded sections (similar to 5%) at their bases. About 75% of the total thickness of normally graded intervals exhibits a signature of sediment falling out of suspension at their top. This type of grading, termed suspension grading here, was first recognized in turbidity current deposits and is characterized by the entire distribution shifting finer upwards in a layer as high-settling velocity, coarser material deposits first and low-settling velocity finer material deposits last. The Jaffe and Gelfenbaum (2007) inverse sediment transport model was applied to intervals within layers that exhibited suspension grading to estimate tsunami flow speed and was able to reproduce the general trends of the observed suspension grading. A key unknown input in the modeling is the bottom roughness. For a bottom roughness parameterization using a Manning's n of 0.03 (equivalent to a z(0) similar to 0.006 m for the observed flow depths of 2-3 m) flow speeds calculated for the 2 layers at the 3 locations were 3.8, 3.6, and 3.7 m/s (bottom layer/earlier wave) and 4.4, 4.4, and 4.1 m/s (top layer/later wave) at 100, 170, and 240 m inland, respectively. These estimates are consistent with the similar to 3-8 m/s tsunami flow speed from boulder transport calculations and result in Froude numbers of similar to 0.7-1.0 when maximum measured flow depths are used. Because the inverse model assumes the deposit was formed by sediment falling out of suspension care must be taken to model only intervals of the deposit exhibiting suspension grading. Including intervals deposited by either bedload or suspended load transport convergences result in higher, and sometimes unrealistic, tsunami flow speed estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jaffe, Bruce; Buckley, Mark; Richmond, Bruce; Watt, Steve] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Strotz, Luke; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa 98702, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jaffe, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM bjaffe@usgs.gov; mbuckley@usgs.gov; brichmond@usgs.gov; lukestrotz@gmail.com; Samuel.Etienne@upf.pf; K.Clark@gns.cri.nz; g.gelfenbaum@usgs.gov; jgoff@gmail.com RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832 FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Samoan Government; UNESCO FX The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded this work. We wish to thank Faigame Sale for assistance in the field. This paper was improved by reviews from Rob Witter, Michaela Spiske, and Alex Apotsos. We gratefully thank the support of the Samoan Government, the Samoan people and UNESCO during the UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.009 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500004 ER PT J AU Richmond, BM Buckley, M Etienne, S Chague-Goff, C Clark, K Goff, J Dominey-Howes, D Strotz, L AF Richmond, Bruce M. Buckley, Mark Etienne, Samuel Chague-Goff, Catherine Clark, Kate Goff, James Dominey-Howes, Dale Strotz, Luke TI Deposits, flow characteristics, and landscape change resulting from the September 2009 South Pacific tsunami in the Samoan islands SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Samoa; tsunami; tsunami deposits; boulders; sand sheets ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; HOLOCENE TSUNAMIS; WASHINGTON-STATE; NEW-ZEALAND; STORM; EARTHQUAKE; COAST; RECORD; BAY AB The September 29th 2009 tsunami caused widespread coastal modification within the islands of Samoa and northern Tonga in the South Pacific. Preliminary measurements indicate maximum runup values of around 17 m (Okal et al., 2010) and shore-normal inundation distances of up to similar to 620 m (Jaffe et al., 2010). Geological field reconnaissance studies were conducted as part of an UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey Team survey within three weeks of the event in order to document the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by the tsunami. Data collected included: a) general morphology and geological characteristics of the coast, b) evidence of tsunami flow (inundation, flow depth and direction, wave height and runup), c) surficial and subsurface sediment samples including deposit thickness and extent, d) topographic mapping, and e) boulder size and location measurements. Four main types of sedimentary deposits were identified: a) gravel fields consisting mostly of isolated cobbles and boulders, b) sand sheets from a few to similar to 25 cm thick, c) piles of organic (mostly vegetation) and man-made material forming debris ramparts, and d) surface mud deposits that settled from suspension from standing water in the tsunami aftermath. Tsunami deposits within the reef system were not widespread, however, surficial changes to the reefs were observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richmond, Bruce M.; Buckley, Mark] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa 98702, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James; Dominey-Howes, Dale; Strotz, Luke] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sch BEES, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Kirrawee Dc, Australia. [Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM brichmond@usgs.gov; mbuckley@usgs.gov; Samuel.Etienne@upf.pf; c.chague-goff@unsw.edu.au; K.Clark@gns.cri.nz; j.goff@unsw.edu.au; dale.dh@unsw.edu.au; lukestrotz@gmail.com RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011; OI Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832 FU Australian Research Council [DP0877572]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Samoan Government; UNESCO FX Walter Dudley, University of Hawaii, Hilo, and Brian McAdoo, Vassar College, NY provided field assistance, insights, and participated in numerous discussions both in American Samoa and Independent Samoa. Bruce Jaffe, Guy Gelfenbaum, Steve watt, and Alex Apotsos, from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, assisted with field work on Tutuila. Peter Gurr of Tutuila provided video of tsunami flow at Malinoa. Mr Faigame "Me" Sale from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Meteorology Division contributed substantially to the Upolu and Savai'i surveys. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. We acknowledge funding support from the Australian Research Council grant DP0877572, and the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We gratefully thank the support of the Samoan Government, the Samoan people and UNESCO during the UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey. The manuscript benefited greatly from external reviews by David Tappin and Raphael Paris. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500005 ER PT J AU Fritz, HM Borrero, JC Synolakis, CE Okal, EA Weiss, R Titov, VV Jaffe, BE Foteinis, S Lynett, PJ Chan, IC Liu, PLF AF Fritz, Hermann M. Borrero, Jose C. Synolakis, Costas E. Okal, Emile A. Weiss, Robert Titov, Vasily V. Jaffe, Bruce E. Foteinis, Spyros Lynett, Patrick J. Chan, I. -Chi Liu, Philip L. -F. TI Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; earthquake; South Pacific; Samoa; Tonga ID EARTHQUAKE AB An M(w)approximate to 8.1 earthquake south of the Samoan Islands on 29 September 2009 generated a tsunami that killed 189 people. From 4 to 11 October, an International Tsunami Survey Team surveyed the seven major islands of the Samoan archipelago. The team measured locally focused runup heights of 17 m at Poloa and inundation of more than 500 m at Pago Pago. A follow-up expedition from 23 to 28 November surveying the three main islands of Tonga's northernmost Niua group revealed surprising 22 m runup and 1 km inundation. We analyze the extreme tsunami runup and complex impact distribution based on physical and societal observations combined with numerical modeling. That an outer rise/outer trench slope (OR/OTS) event is responsible for a tsunami disaster in the Pacific calls for care in identifying and defining tsunami hazards. Evacuation exercises conducted in Samoa in the preceding year may have limited the human toll; however, cars were identified as potential death traps during tsunami evacuations. This event highlights the extreme hazards from near source tsunamis when the earthquake's shaking constitutes the de facto warning, and further underscores the importance of community based education and awareness programs as essential in saving lives. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.; Synolakis, Costas E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Synolakis, Costas E.; Foteinis, Spyros] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Chanea 73100, Greece. [Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. [Weiss, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX USA. [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Lynett, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chan, I. -Chi; Liu, Philip L. -F.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fritz, HM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM fritz@gatech.edu RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Foteinis, Spyros/0000-0003-1471-578X FU National Science Foundation NSF [OCE-1000694] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation NSF RAPID-award OCE-1000694. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500007 ER PT J AU Etienne, S Buckley, M Paris, R Nandasena, AK Clark, K Strotz, L Chague-Goff, C Goff, J Richmond, B AF Etienne, Samuel Buckley, Mark Paris, Raphael Nandasena, Aruna K. Clark, Kate Strotz, Luke Chague-Goff, Catherine Goff, James Richmond, Bruce TI The use of boulders for characterising past tsunamis: Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2009 South Pacific tsunamis SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE boulder deposit; tsunami; Samoa; Indonesia; geomorphology; transport simulation ID ENERGY LITTORAL ENVIRONMENT; EMPLACED COARSE DEBRIS; SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; TOP STORM DEPOSITS; BANDA ACEH SUMATRA; ROCKY SHORELINES; DECEMBER 26; SEDIMENTARY FEATURES; EXTREME WAVES; PAKARANG CAPE AB Tsunamis are high energy events capable of transporting extremely heavy loads including boulders. We compare boulder deposits created by two modern tsunami events, the 2004 Indian Ocean and the 2009 South Pacific tsunamis, where the boulder sources were in similar topographic settings, and for which we have accurate data on the wave characteristics. Boulder distribution, preferential orientation and numerical simulation of boulder transport are discussed. A comparison between the impacts of the South Pacific and Indian Ocean tsunamis shows similar characteristics, such as limited landward extent and the absence of landward fining. Differences between the results from modelling and field data are most probably caused by variables such as coastal plain roughness (buildings, trees), microtopography, particle shape, and boulder collision during transport that are summarised as coefficients in the mathematical models. Characterising modern events through coarse sediment deposits provides valuable information to help identify and interpret palaeo-tsunami imprints on coastal landscapes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Etienne, Samuel] Univ Polynesie Francaise, Faaa, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Etienne, Samuel; Paris, Raphael] MSH, CNRS, GEOLAB UMR6042, F-63057 Clermont Ferrand 1, France. [Buckley, Mark; Richmond, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Nandasena, Aruna K.] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Clark, Kate] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Strotz, Luke; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. RP Etienne, S (reprint author), Univ Polynesie Francaise, BP 6590, Faaa, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. EM samuel.etienne@upf.pf RI Etienne, Samuel/C-4455-2011; OI Strotz, Luke/0000-0002-8818-1832 NR 116 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.006 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500008 ER PT J AU Goff, J Chague-Goff, C Dominey-Howes, D McAdoo, B Cronin, S Bonte-Grapetin, M Nichol, S Horrocks, M Cisternas, M Lamarche, G Pelletier, B Jaffe, B Dudley, W AF Goff, James Chague-Goff, Catherine Dominey-Howes, Dale McAdoo, Brian Cronin, Shane Bonte-Grapetin, Michael Nichol, Scott Horrocks, Mark Cisternas, Marco Lamarche, Geoffroy Pelletier, Bernard Jaffe, Bruce Dudley, Walter TI Palaeotsunamis in the Pacific Islands SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Pacific Island Countries; Palaeotsunami; sources; risk ID NEW-ZEALAND; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; NATURAL HAZARDS; SEPTEMBER 2009; TSUNAMI; EARTHQUAKES; AUSTRALIA; KNOWLEDGE; RECORD; KAUAI AB The recent 29 September 2009 South Pacific and 27 February 2010 Chilean events are a graphic reminder that the tsunami hazard and risk for the Pacific Ocean region should not be forgotten. Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) generally have short ( < 150 years) historic records, which means that to understand their tsunami hazard and risk researchers must study evidence for prehistoric events. However, our current state of knowledge of palaeotsunamis in PICs as opposed to their circum-Pacific counterparts is minimal at best. We briefly outline the limited extent of our current knowledge and propose an innovative methodology for future research in the Pacific. Each PLC represents a point source of information in the Pacific Ocean and this would allow their palaeotsunami records to be treated akin to palaeo-DART (R) (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) buoys. Contemporaneous palaeotsunamis from local, regional and distant sources could be identified by using the spatial distribution of island records throughout the Pacific Ocean in conjunction with robust event chronologies. This would be highly innovative and, more importantly, would help provide the building blocks necessary to achieve more meaningful disaster risk reduction for PICs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goff, James; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Dominey-Howes, Dale] Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl & Sci Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [McAdoo, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Cronin, Shane] Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Bonte-Grapetin, Michael] SOPAC Pacific Isl Appl Geosci Commiss, Suva, Fiji. [Horrocks, Mark] Microfossil Res, Auckland 1024, New Zealand. [Cisternas, Marco] Pontificio Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1, Chile. [Lamarche, Geoffroy] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington 6241, New Zealand. [Pelletier, Bernard] IRD, Port Vila, Vanuatu. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dudley, Walter] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Goff, J (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM j.goff@unsw.edu.au; c.chague-goff@unsw.edu.au; dale.dh@unsw.edu.au; brmcadoo@vassar.edu; S.J.Cronin@massey.ac.nz; michael@sopac.org; slnichol@tpg.com.au; info@microfossilresearch.com; marco.cisternas@ucv.cl; g.lamarche@niwa.co.nz; bernard.pelletier@noumea.ird.nc; bjaffe@usgs.gov; Dudley@hawaii.edu RI Lamarche, Geoffroy/C-5777-2008; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Pelletier, Bernard/J-8106-2016; OI Lamarche, Geoffroy/0000-0003-1933-8258; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Pelletier, Bernard/0000-0002-9993-1395; Cronin, Shane/0000-0001-7499-603X NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.10.005 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500013 ER PT J AU Wilson, RI Dengler, LA Goltz, JD Legg, MR Miller, KM Ritchie, A Whitmore, PM AF Wilson, Rick I. Dengler, Lori A. Goltz, James D. Legg, Mark R. Miller, Kevin M. Ritchie, Andy Whitmore, Paul M. TI Emergency response and field observation activities of geoscientists in California (USA) during the September 29, 2009, Samoa Tsunami SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; emergency management; geoscientist; field observations; warning center; local operational areas AB State geoscientists (geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, and engineers) in California work closely with federal, state and local government emergency managers to help prepare coastal communities for potential impacts from a tsunami before, during, and after an event. For teletsunamis, as scientific information (forecast model wave heights, first-wave arrival times, etc.) from NOAA's West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center is made available, federal- and state-level emergency managers must help convey this information in a concise, comprehensible and timely manner to local officials who ultimately determine the appropriate response activities for their jurisdictions. During the September 29, 2009 Tsunami Advisory for California, government geoscientists assisted the California Emergency Management Agency by providing technical assistance during teleconference meetings with NOAA and other state and local emergency managers prior to the arrival of the tsunami. This technical assistance included background information on anticipated tidal conditions when the tsunami was set to arrive, wave height estimates from state-modeled scenarios for areas not covered by NOAA's forecast models, and clarifying which regions of the state were at greatest risk. Over the last year, state geoscientists have started to provide additional assistance: 1) working closely with NOAA to simplify their tsunami alert messaging and expand their forecast modeling coverage; 2) creating "playbooks" containing information from existing tsunami scenarios for local emergency managers to reference during an event; and, 3) developing a state-level information "clearinghouse" and pre-tsunami field response team to assist local officials as well as observe and report tsunami effects. Activities of geoscientists were expanded during the more recent Tsunami Advisory on February 27, 2010, including deploying a geologist from the California Geological Survey as a field observer who provided information back to emergency managers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Rick I.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Dengler, Lori A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Goltz, James D.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Legg, Mark R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Miller, Kevin M.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Ritchie, Andy] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Whitmore, Paul M.] NOAA NWS, W Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Wilson, RI (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; Lori.Dengler@humboldt.edu; Jim.Goltz@calema.ca.gov; mrlegg@verizon.net; Kevin.Miller@calema.ca.gov; aritchie@usgs.gov; Paul.Whitmore@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NTHMP FX The authors would like to thank NOAA/NTHMP for supporting tsunami hazard mitigation and response activities in California. Thank you also to the NOAA-NWS Warning Coordination Meteorologists and the state and county emergency managers who are part of the California Tsunami Program Steering Committee for their participation in the post-event survey. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.01.010 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500017 ER PT J AU Williams, DA Keszthelyi, LP Crown, DA Yff, JA Jaeger, WL Schenk, PM Geissler, PE Becker, TL AF Williams, David A. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Crown, David A. Yff, Jessica A. Jaeger, Windy L. Schenk, Paul M. Geissler, Paul E. Becker, Tammy L. TI Volcanism on Io: New insights from global geologic mapping SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; Volcanism; Geologic mapping; Galileo misssion ID GALILEO IMAGING DATA; JUPITERS MOON IO; SILICATE VOLCANISM; FLOW EMPLACEMENT; ACTIVE VOLCANISM; COLOR VARIATIONS; SULFUR FLOW; SO2 FROST; SURFACE; MOUNTAINS AB We produced the first complete, 1:15 M-scale global geologic map of Jupiter's moon Io, based on a set of monochrome and color Galileo-Voyager image mosaics produced at a spatial resolution of 1 km/pixel. The surface of Io was mapped into 19 units based on albedo, color and surface morphology, and is subdivided as follows: plains (65.8% of surface), lava flow fields (28.5%), mountains (3.2%), and patera floors (2.5%). Diffuse deposits (DD) that mantle the other units cover similar to 18% of Io's surface, and are distributed as follows: red (8.6% of surface), white (6.9%), yellow (2.1%), black (0.6%), and green (similar to 0.01%). Analyses of the geographical and areal distribution of these units yield a number of results, summarized below. (1) The distribution of plains units of different colors is generally geographically constrained: Red-brown plains occur >+/- 30 latitude, and are thought to result from enhanced alteration of other units induced by radiation coming in from the poles. White plains (possibly dominated by SO(2) + contaminants) occur mostly in the equatorial antijovian region (+/- 30 degrees, 90-230 W), possibly indicative of a regional cold trap. Outliers of white, yellow, and red-brown plains in other regions may result from long-term accumulation of white, yellow, and red diffuse deposits, respectively. (2) Bright (possibly sulfur-rich) flow fields make up 30% more lava flow fields than dark (presumably silicate) flows (56.5% vs. 43.5%), and only 18% of bright flow fields occur within 10 km of dark flow fields. These results suggest that secondary sulfurous volcanism (where a bright-dark association is expected) could be responsible for only a fraction of Io's recent bright flows, and that primary sulfur-rich effusions could be an important component of Io's recent volcanism. An unusual concentration of bright flows at similar to 45-75 degrees N, similar to 60-120 degrees W could be indicative of more extensive primary sulfurous volcanism in the recent past. However, it remains unclear whether most bright flows are bright because they are sulfur flows, or because they are cold silicate flows covered in sulfur-rich particles from plume fallout. (3) We mapped 425 paterae (volcano-tectonic depressions), up from 417 previously identified by Radebaugh et al. (Radebaugh, J., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, AS., Turtle, E.P., Jaeger, W., Milazzo, M. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 33005-33020). Although these features cover only 2.5% of Io's surface, they correspond to 64% of all detected hot spots; 45% of all hot spots are associated with the freshest dark patera floors, reflecting the importance of active silicate volcanism to Io's heat flow. (4) Mountains cover only 3% of the surface, although the transition from mountains to plains is gradational with the available imagery. 49% of all mountains are lineated and presumably layered, showing evidence of linear structures supportive of a tectonic origin. In contrast, only 6% of visible mountains are mottled (showing hummocks indicative of mass wasting) and 4% are tholi (domes or shields), consistent with a volcanic origin. (5) Initial analyses of the geographic distributions of map units show no significant longitudinal variation in the quantity of Io's mountains or paterae, in contrast to earlier studies. This is because we use the area of mountain and patera materials as opposed to the number of structures, and our result suggests that the previously proposed anti-correlation of mountains and paterae (Schenk, P., Hargitai, H., Wilson, R., McEwen, A., Thomas, P. [2001]. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 33201-3222; Kirchoff, M.R., McKinnon, W.B., Schenk, P.M. [2011]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 301, 22-30) is more complex than previously thought. There is also a slight decrease in surface area of lava flows toward the poles of Io, perhaps indicative of variations in volcanic activity. (6) The freshest bright and dark flows make up about 29% of all of Io's flow fields, suggesting active emplacement is occurring in less than a third of Io's visible lava fields. (7) About 47% of Io's diffuse deposits (by area) are red, presumably deriving their color from condensed sulfur gas, and similar to 38% are white, presumably dominated by condensed SO(2). The much greater areal extent of gas-derived diffuse deposits (red + white, 85%) compared to presumably pyroclast-bearing diffuse deposits (dark (silicate tephra)+ yellow (sulfur-rich tephra), 15%) indicates that there is effective separation between the transport of tephra and gas in many Ionian explosive eruptions. Future improvements in the geologic mapping of Io can be obtained via (a) investigating the relationships between different color/material units that are geographically and temporally associated, (b) better analysis of the temporal variations in the map units, and (c) additional high-resolution images (spatial resolutions similar to 200 m/pixel or better). These improvements would be greatly facilitated by new data, which could be obtained by future missions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.; Yff, Jessica A.; Jaeger, Windy L.; Geissler, Paul E.; Becker, Tammy L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Crown, David A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schenk, Paul M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM David.Williams@asu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GH43G, NNX08AQ66G] FX The authors thank Rosaly Lopes for a very constructive review. The authors would like to acknowledge all of the engineers, scientists, and managers who helped bring NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions to fruition, without which we would not have had the data to produce this map. In particular, we would like to thank Ken Klaasen, Herb Breneman, Greg Louvanis, and colleagues at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for their hard work obtaining and processing the Io data obtained during the Galileo mission. We would like to thank all of our colleagues in the Galileo 10 Working Group, attendees of the Io Workshops over the last 15 years, and members of the outer satellites community who have provided years of useful discussion and insights, particularly Alfred McEwen, Rosaly Lopes, and John Spencer for their lead roles in acquiring Io data from the Galileo SSI, NIMS, and PPR instruments, respectively. The lead author would like to thank Ronald Greeley for the opportunity to rejoin the Galileo SSI Team as an associate and work on the project during the extended mission. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Outer Planets Research Program Grants NNG05GH43G and NNX08AQ66G. NR 85 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2011 VL 214 IS 1 BP 91 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.007 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 793WC UT WOS:000292853600008 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, CE Stanley, JD Horton, BP AF Bernhardt, Christopher E. Stanley, Jean-Daniel Horton, Benjamin P. TI Wetland Vegetation in Manzala Lagoon, Nile Delta Coast, Egypt: Rapid Responses of Pollen to Altered Nile Hydrology and Land Use SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aswan; darns; delta wetlands; hydrologic changes; land use; Manzala lagoon; Nile delta; Nile River; organics; pollen zones; pollutants ID COMBINING ORGANIC PETROGRAPHY; ASSESS ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; LAKE MANZALA; EVERGLADES; PALYNOLOGY; PEATLANDS; ISLANDS; EXAMPLE; FLORIDA; RIVER AB The pollen record in a sediment core from Manzala lagoon on the Nile delta coastal margin of Egypt, deposited from ca. AD 1860 to 1990, indicates rapid coastal wetland vegetation responses to two primary periods of human activity. These are associated with artificially altered Nile hydrologic regimes in proximal areas and distal sectors located to similar to 1200 km south of Manzala. Freshwater wetland plants that were dominant, such as Typha and Phragmites, decreased rapidly, whereas in the early 1900s, brackish water wetland species (e.g., Amaranthaceae) increased. This change occurred after closure of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The second major modification in the pollen record occurred in the early 1970s, after Aswan High Dam closure from 1965 to 1970, when Typha pollen abundance increased rapidly. Massive population growth occurred along the Nile during the 130 years represented by the core section. During this time, the total volume of lagoon water decreased because of conversion of wetland areas to agricultural land, and input of organic-rich sediment, sewage (municipal, agricultural, industrial), and fertilizer in Manzala lagoon increased markedly. Although the wetland plant community has continued to respond to increasingly intensified and varied human-induced pressures in proximal sectors, the two most marked changes in Manzala pollen best correlate with distal events (i.e., closure of the two dams at Aswan). The study also shows that the two major vegetation changes in Manzala lagoon each occurred less than 10 years after closure upriver of the Low and High dams that markedly altered the Nile regime from Upper Egypt to the coast. C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Geoarchaeol Program, NMNH E 205, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bernhardt, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov FU University of Pennsylvania; palynological laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, VA FX We thank the University of Pennsylvania for awarding a Paleobiology Stipend (to CEB), and for support from the palynological laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, VA. The Smithsonian Institution's Delta-Global Change Program in Egypt authorized access to core samples at the National Museum of Natural History. Drs. Debra Willard and Lynn Wingard (USGS) and anonymous reviewers provided insightful suggestions that significantly improved the original manuscript. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.2112/10A-00001.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 795DL UT WOS:000292951600013 ER PT J AU Kuehn, DM D'Luhosch, PD Luzadis, VA Malmsheimer, RW Schuster, RM AF Kuehn, Diane M. D'Luhosch, Peter D. Luzadis, Valerie A. Malmsheimer, Robert W. Schuster, Rudolph M. TI Attitudes and Intentions of Off-Highway Vehicle Riders toward Trail Use: Implications for Forest Managers SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE off-highway vehicle; attitudes; intentions; trail use ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; PARTICIPATION; EXPERIENCES; APPEALS AB Management of off-highway vehicles (OHV) in public forest areas requires up-to-date information about the attitudes and intentions of OHV riders toward trail use. A survey of 811 members of the New England Trail Riders Association was conducted in fall 2007; 380 questionnaires were completed and returned. Descriptive statistics and regressions were used to identify relationships between OHV rider attitudes, management preferences, and intentions toward two trail use-related behaviors (i.e., illegal use of trails by OHVs and the creation and/or use of unauthorized trails by OHV riders). Results reveal that the average responding association member has a negative attitude toward the two depreciative behaviors, intends to ride OHVs legally, and slightly prefers indirect over direct forms of management. Significant relationships between intentions and both attitudes and management preferences are identified. Policy and management implications and strategies are discussed. C1 [Kuehn, Diane M.; Luzadis, Valerie A.; Malmsheimer, Robert W.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [D'Luhosch, Peter D.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Schuster, Rudolph M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kuehn, DM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM dmkuehn@esf.edu; pxdluhos@gw.dec.state.us.ny; vluzadis@esf.edu; rwmalmsh@esf.edu; schusterr@usgs.gov OI Malmsheimer, Robert/0000-0001-9446-6589 FU USDA FX The authors thank the many natural resource managers throughout the northeast who provided input into this study, the Board of Directors of New England Trail Riders Association (NETRA) for their assistance throughout the survey process, the Sunday Rock All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Club for their participation in the review of the survey, the NETRA members who participated in the survey, and the two anonymous reviewers of this article. This study was funded by the USDA McIntire-Stennis Program administered by the State University of New York Research Foundation at State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 109 IS 5 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 795DU UT WOS:000292952500005 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Anteau, MJ Bishop, AA AF Sherfy, Mark H. Anteau, Michael J. Bishop, Andrew A. TI Agricultural Practices and Residual Corn During Spring Crane and Waterfowl Migration in Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; food; Nebraska; Platte River; sandhill crane; spring migration; waste corn; waterfowl ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; LESSER SNOW GEESE; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; SANDHILL CRANES; CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; WINTERING WATERFOWL; CARRYING-CAPACITY; MANAGED WETLANDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB Nebraska's Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring-staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005-2007, we measured residual corn density in randomly selected harvested cornfields during early (n = 188) and late migration (n = 143) periods. We estimated the mean density of residual corn for the CPRV and examined the influence of agricultural practices (post-harvest field management) and migration period on residual corn density. During the early migration period, residual corn density was greater in idle harvested fields than any other treatments of fields (42%, 48%, 53%, and 92% more than grazed, grazed and mulched, mulched, and tilled fields, respectively). Depletion of residual corn from early to late migration did not differ among post-harvest treatments but was greatest during the year when overall corn density was lowest (2006). Geometric mean early-migration residual corn density for the CPRV in 2005-2007 (42.4 kg/ha; 95% CI = 35.2-51.5 kg/ha) was markedly lower than previously published estimates, indicating that there has been a decrease in abundance of residual corn available to waterfowl during spring staging. Increases in harvest efficiency have been implicated as a cause for decreasing corn densities since the 1970s. However, our data show that post-harvest management of cornfields also can substantially influence the density of residual corn remaining in fields during spring migration. Thus, managers may be able to influence abundance of high-energy foods for spring-staging migratory birds in the CPRV through programs that influence post-harvest management of cornfields. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sherfy, Mark H.; Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Bishop, Andrew A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA. RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM msherfy@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey FX We thank the many technicians who endured challenging field conditions to collect residual corn data in Nebraska, as well as the many private landowners who gave us permission to sample their harvested cornfields. We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the United States Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency, the Central Platte Natural Resources District, and the Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Island, Nebraska, for logistical support. This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Science Support Program, and we thank J. Dubovsky for assistance with securing project funds. We thank G. Krapu, A. Pearse, and D. Brandt, for technical assistance and advice on dynamics of migratory birds and corn in Nebraska, and A. Pearse, M. Vrtiska, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1003 DI 10.1002/jwmg.157 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794BZ UT WOS:000292871600003 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Sherfy, MH Bishop, AA AF Anteau, Michael J. Sherfy, Mark H. Bishop, Andrew A. TI Location and Agricultural Practices Influence Spring Use of Harvested Cornfields by Cranes and Geese in Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; behavior; corn; crane; food; goose; maize; Platte River; staging; stopover ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; MIDCONTINENT SANDHILL CRANES; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; HABITAT USE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; UPPER-MIDWEST; PLATTE RIVER; WASTE CORN; MIGRATION AB Millions of ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; hereafter cranes) stop in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska to store nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming corn remaining in fields after harvest. We examined factors that influence use of cornfields by cranes and geese (all mid-continent species combined; e. g., Anser, Chen, and Branta spp.) because it is a key step to efficient conservation planning aimed at ensuring that adequate food resources are available to migratory birds stopping in the CPRV. Distance to night-time roost site, segment of the CPRV (west to east), and agricultural practices (post-harvest treatment of cornfields: idle, grazed, mulched, mulched and grazed, and tilled) were the most important and influential variables in our models for geese and cranes. Probability of cornfield use by geese and cranes decreased with increasing distance from the closest potential roosting site. The use of cornfields by geese increased with the density of corn present there during the early migration period, but field use by cranes appeared not to be influenced by early migration corn density. However, probability of cornfield use by cranes did increase with the amount of wet grassland habitat within 4.8 km of the field. Geese were most likely to use fields that were tilled and least likely to use fields that were mulched and grazed. Cranes were most likely to use fields that were mulched and least likely to use fields that were tilled, but grazing appeared not to influence the likelihood of field use by cranes. Geese were more likely to use cornfields in western segments of the CPRV, but cranes were more likely to use cornfields in eastern segments. Our data suggest that managers could favor crane use of fields and reduce direct competition with geese by reducing fall and spring tilling and increasing mulching. Moreover, crane conservation efforts would be most beneficial if they were focused in the eastern portions of the CPRV and in fields as close as possible to both known roosting and large amounts of wet grassland habitats. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.; Sherfy, Mark H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Bishop, Andrew A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Grand Isl, NE 68801 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey FX We thank the many technicians who endured challenging field conditions to collect residual corn data in Nebraska, as well as the many private landowners who gave us permission to sample their harvested cornfields. We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency, the Central Platte Natural Resources District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Island, Nebraska, for logistical support. This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Science Support Program, and we thank J. Dubovsky for assistance with securing project funds. We thank B. Cox Jr, G. Krapu, A. Pearse, and D. Brandt for technical assistance and advice on dynamics of migratory birds and corn in Nebraska, and R. Kaminski, A. Pearse, M. Vrtiska, and an anonymous reviewer for their critical reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1011 DI 10.1002/jwmg.135 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794BZ UT WOS:000292871600004 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Aldridge, CL AF Fedy, Bradley C. Aldridge, Cameron L. TI The Importance of Within-Year Repeated Counts and the Influence of Scale on Long-Term Monitoring of Sage-Grouse SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; generalized additive models; greater sage-grouse; lek; monitoring; population trends; Wyoming ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; POPULATION-CYCLES; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT SELECTION; TRENDS; BIRDS; LEK; ATTENDANCE; CLIMATE AB Long-term population monitoring is the cornerstone of animal conservation and management. The accuracy and precision of models developed using monitoring data can be influenced by the protocols guiding data collection. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of concern that has been monitored over decades, primarily, by counting the number of males that attend lek (breeding) sites. These lek count data have been used to assess long-term population trends and for multiple mechanistic studies. However, some studies have questioned the efficacy of lek counts to accurately identify population trends. In response, monitoring protocols were changed to have a goal of counting lek sites multiple times within a season. We assessed the influence of this change in monitoring protocols on model accuracy and precision applying generalized additive models to describe trends over time. We found that at large spatial scales including > 50 leks, the absence of repeated counts within a year did not significantly alter population trend estimates or interpretation. Increasing sample size decreased the model confidence intervals. We developed a population trend model for Wyoming greater sage-grouse from 1965 to 2008, identifying significant changes in the population indices and capturing the cyclic nature of this species. Most sage-grouse declines in Wyoming occurred between 1965 and the 1990s and lek count numbers generally increased from the mid-1990s to 2008. Our results validate the combination of monitoring data collected under different protocols in past and future studies-provided those studies are addressing large-scale questions. We suggest that a larger sample of individual leks is preferable to multiple counts of a smaller sample of leks. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bcfedy@gmail.com RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU United States Geological Survey FX We would like to thank M. O'Donnell for help with the analysis. T. Christiansen facilitated access to the lek data and provided many useful insights into the dataset and manuscript. We thank R. Fewster for pioneering the approaches we used and for taking the time to discuss them with us. We also thank the many individuals who collected lek count data for sage-grouse in Wyoming. Comments from J. Sedinger, B. Noon, J. Connelly, P. Coates, and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This study was supported by United States Geological Survey funding to the Fort Collins Science Center, for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 68 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1033 DI 10.1002/jwmg.155 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794BZ UT WOS:000292871600006 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, JP Saab, VA Frenzel, RW AF Hollenbeck, Jeff P. Saab, Victoria A. Frenzel, Richard W. TI Habitat Suitability and Nest Survival of White-Headed Woodpeckers in Unburned Forests of Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nest survival; niche model; partitioned Mahalanobis distance; Picoides albolarvatus; ponderosa pine forests; remote sensing; white-headed woodpecker ID SITE SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LEWISS WOODPECKER; BURNED FORESTS; BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; MODELS; POPULATION; OCCUPANCY; PREDATION AB We evaluated habitat suitability and nest survival of breeding white-headed woodpeckers (Picoides albolarvatus) in unburned forests of central Oregon, USA. Daily nest-survival rate was positively related to maximum daily temperature during the nest interval and to density of large-diameter trees surrounding the nest tree. We developed a niche-based habitat suitability model (partitioned Mahalanobis distance) for nesting white-headed woodpeckers using remotely sensed data. Along with low elevation, high density of large trees, and low slope, our habitat suitability model suggested that interspersion-juxtaposition of low-and high-canopy cover ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) patches was important for nest-site suitability. Cross-validation suggested the model performed adequately for management planning at a scale >1 ha. Evaluation of mapped habitat suitability index (HSI) suggested that the maximum predictive gain (HSI = 0.36), where the number of nest locations are maximized in the smallest proportion of the modeled landscape, provided an objective initial threshold for identification of suitable habitat. However, managers can choose the threshold HSI most appropriate for their purposes (e. g., locating regions of low-moderate suitability that have potential for habitat restoration). Consequently, our habitat suitability model may be useful for managing dry coniferous forests for white-headed woodpeckers in central Oregon; however, model validation is necessary before our model could be applied to other locations. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hollenbeck, Jeff P.; Saab, Victoria A.] USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hollenbeck, JP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jhollenbeck@usgs.gov FU United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region; Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Fire Plan; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Audubon Society; M. Stern of The Nature Conservancy; C. Carey of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Funding was provided by United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and the Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Fire Plan. Nest-site data collection was supported by United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Audubon Society, M. Stern of The Nature Conservancy, and C. Carey of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. J. Ohmann provided guidance on using GNN layers for modeling. K. Mellen-McLean, A. Markus, and B. Bresson were the impetus for our work, provided input on the covariates used in the modeling, and helped with data interpretation. We thank J. Kozma and K. Preston for thoughtful reviews. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1071 DI 10.1002/jwmg.146 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794BZ UT WOS:000292871600010 ER PT J AU Yarkovich, J Clark, JD Murrow, JL AF Yarkovich, Joseph Clark, Joseph D. Murrow, Jennifer L. TI Effects of Black Bear Relocation on Elk Calf Recruitment at Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; calf mortality; Cervus elaphus; elk; life table response experiment; population growth; population viability; predation; reproduction; Smoky Mountains; survival ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; GROWTH-RATE; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; WOLVES; TRANSLOCATION; LANDSCAPE; FREQUENCY; PREDATION; VARIANCE AB Previous research from 2001 to 2006 on an experimentally released elk (Cervus elaphus) population at Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP or Park) indicated that calf recruitment (i.e., calves reaching 1 yr of age per adult female elk) was low (0.306, total SE = 0.090) resulting in low or negative population growth (lambda = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.945-1.047). Black bear (Ursus americanus) predation was the primary calf mortality factor. From 2006 to 2008, we trapped and relocated 49 bears (30 of which were radiocollared) from the primary calving areas in the Park and radiomonitored 67 (28 M: 39 F) adult elk and 42 calves to compare vital rates and population growth with the earlier study. A model with annual calf recruitment rate correlating with the number of bears relocated each year was supported (Delta AIC(c) = 0.000; beta = 0.070, 95% CI = 0.028-0.112) and a model with annual calf recruitment differing from before to during bear relocation revealed an increase to 0.544 (total SE = 0.098; beta = -1.092, 95% CI = -1.180 to -0.375). Using vital rates and estimates of process standard errors observed during our study, 25-yr simulations maintained a mean positive growth rate in 100% of the stochastic trials with lambda averaging 1.118 (95% CI = 1.096-1.140), an increase compared with rates before bear relocation. A life table response experiment revealed that increases in population growth were mostly (67.1%) due to changes in calf recruitment. We speculate that behavioral adaptation of the elk since release also contributed to the observed increases in recruitment and population growth. Our results suggest that managers interested in elk reintroduction within bear range should consider bear relocation as a temporary means of increasing calf recruitment. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Yarkovich, Joseph; Murrow, Jennifer L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yarkovich, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Great Smoky Mt Natl Pk,107 Pk Headquarters Rd, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu FU Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation FX We gratefully acknowl