FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Robinson, KF Jennings, CA AF Robinson, Kelly F. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Maximizing Age-0 Spot Export from a South Carolina Estuary: An Evaluation of Coastal Impoundment Management Alternatives via Structured Decision Making SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS LACEPEDE; NORTH-CAROLINA; PREY GROWTH; SALT-MARSH; FISH RECRUITMENT; JUVENILE FISHES; NURSERY AREAS; MARINE FISHES; LARVAL; POPULATIONS AB Estuaries are among the most productive of all ecosystems and provide critical nursery habitat for many young-of-the-year (age-0) marine fish. Along the South Carolina coast, former rice field impoundments in some estuarine areas are now managed to provide habitat for waterfowl. Marine fish that enter these structures during water level manipulation become trapped and suffer high mortality rates. Because these fish cannot emigrate back to coastal waters to complete their life cycles, these impoundments appear to act as sinks for marine-transient species. Our goal was to identify which of a set of management options would maximize export of age-0 spot Leiostomus xanthurus from the Combahee River, South Carolina, to the coastal population. We used a structured decision-making approach to evaluate four decision alternatives: to maintain status quo, to close all impoundments while age-0 spot are most abundant in the river, to change the water level manipulation strategy to improve fish passage from impoundments, or to breach all impoundments. We also wanted to evaluate how impoundments and natural mortality influence the export of age-0 spot. The optimal management decision was to change the water level manipulation strategy to increase fish passage from the impoundments. Spot export was most sensitive to juvenile settlement in the estuary and natural mortality. The results of this model can be used adaptively for impoundment management along the Combahee River and can be modified for other estuarine areas or other fish species. C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank M. Alber, J. Peterson, and S. Schweitzer for input into experimental design and comments on the manuscript; M. Conroy for input into experimental design; and J. Robinson, K. Rose, B. Roumillat, C. Shea, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We also thank J. Archambault and B. Roumillat for providing Combahee River fish and water quality data as well as input into experimental design. This research was supported with a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. References to trade names in this article do not imply endorsement of these products by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 156 EP 172 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675984 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400013 ER PT J AU Limburg, KE Richkus, WA Miller, LM AF Limburg, Karin E. Richkus, William A. Miller, Larry M. TI Introduction to a Special Section: American Shad and River Herring SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Limburg, Karin E.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Richkus, William A.] Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Miller, Larry M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Allegheny Natl Fish Hatchery, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Limburg, KE (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RI Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.676959 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400014 ER PT J AU Mather, ME Frank, HJ Smith, JM Cormier, RD Muth, RM Finn, JT AF Mather, Martha E. Frank, Holly J. Smith, Joseph M. Cormier, Roxann D. Muth, Robert M. Finn, John T. TI Assessing Freshwater Habitat of Adult Anadromous Alewives Using Multiple Approaches SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; VIRGINIA STREAM; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; CONSERVATION; FISH; MOVEMENTS; LAKE; CONNECTICUT AB After centuries of disturbance, environmental professionals now recognize the need to restore coastal watersheds for native fish and protect the larger ecosystems on which fish and other aquatic biota depend. Anadromous fish species are an important component of coastal ecosystems that are often adversely affected by human activities. Restoring native anadromous fish species is a common focus of both fish and coastal watershed restoration. Yet restoration efforts have met with uneven success, often due to lack of knowledge about habitat availability and use. Using habitat surveys and radio tracking of adult anadromous alewives Alosa pseudoharengus during their spring spawning migration, we illustrate amethod for quantifying habitat using multiple approaches and for relatingmobile fish distribution to habitat. In the Ipswich River, Massachusetts, measuring habitat units and physical conditions at transects (width, depth, and velocity) provided an ecological basis for the interpretation of landscape patterns of fish distribution. Mapping habitat units allowed us to efficiently census habitat relevant to alewives for the entire 20.6 river kilometers of interest. Our transect data reinforced the results of the habitat unit survey and provided useful, high-resolution ecological data for restoration efforts. Tagged alewives spent little time in riffle-run habitats and substantial time in pools, although the locations of pool occupancy varied. The insights we provide here can be used to (1) identify preferred habitats into which anadromous fish can be reintroduced in order to maximize fish survival and reproduction and (2) pinpoint habitat types in urgent need of protection or restoration. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 204B Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mmather@ksu.edu FU Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Ebsco Publishing; New England BioLabs; Ipswich Bay Fly Fishing Derby; Northeast Utilities; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX This project was administered through the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, a cooperation among the University of Massachusetts, the U. S. Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, Ebsco Publishing, New England BioLabs, Ipswich Bay Fly Fishing Derby, numerous alewife adopters, Northeast Utilities, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are acknowledged for support. A. Silberzweig, S. Turner, and M. Burak provided field assistance. Special thanks to the Plum Island Long Term Ecological Research (Ocean Sciences 9726921) for generously providing lodging. This research was conducted under the approved University of Massachusetts IACUC 27-02-03. Use of brand names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. Comments from M. Armstrong, A. Haro, D. Beauchamp, P. Budy, R. Rulifson, and one anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 188 EP 200 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675980 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400016 ER PT J AU Haro, A Castro-Santos, T AF Haro, Alex Castro-Santos, Theodore TI Passage of American Shad: Paradigms and Realities SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ANADROMOUS FISH RESTORATION; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; VELOCITY BARRIERS; RIVER; DAM; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; CLUPEID AB Despite more than 250 years of development, the passage of American shad Alosa sapidissima at dams and other barriers frequently remains problematic. Few improvements in design based on knowledge of the swimming, schooling, and migratory behaviors of American shad have been incorporated into passage structures. Large-scale technical fishways designed for the passage of adult salmonids on the Columbia River have been presumed to have good performance for American shad but have never been rigorously evaluated for this species. Similar but smaller fishway designs on the East Coast frequently have poor performance. Provision of effective downstream passage for both juvenile and postspawning adult American shad has been given little consideration in most passage projects. Ways to attract and guide American shad to both fishway entrances and downstream bypasses remain marginally understood. The historical development of passage structures for American shad has resulted in assumptions and paradigms about American shad behavior and passage that are frequently unsubstantiated by supporting data or appropriate experimentation. We propose that many of these assumptions and paradigms are either unfounded or invalid and that significant improvements to American shad upstream and downstream passage can be made via a sequential program of behavioral experimentation, application of experimental results to the physical and hydraulic design of new structures, and controlled tests of large-scale prototype structures in the laboratory and field. C1 [Haro, Alex; Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Biol Resources Discipline, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Biol Resources Discipline, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM aharo@usgs.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 67 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675975 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400021 ER PT J AU Harris, JE Hightower, JE AF Harris, Julianne E. Hightower, Joseph E. TI Demographic Population Model for American Shad: Will Access to Additional Habitat Upstream of Dams Increase Population Sizes? SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT MATRIX MODEL; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; CONNECTICUT RIVER; NORTH-CAROLINA; ROANOKE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; SPAWNING HABITAT; CLASS STRENGTH; STRIPED BASS; JAMES RIVER AB American shad Alosa sapidissima are in decline in their native range, andmodeling possible management scenarios could help guide their restoration. We developed a density-dependent, deterministic, stage-based matrix model to predict the population-level results of transporting American shad to suitable spawning habitat upstream of dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina and Virginia. We used data on sonic-tagged adult American shad and oxytetracycline-marked American shad fry both above and below dams on the Roanoke River with information from other systems to estimate a starting population size and vital rates. We modeled the adult female population over 30 years under plausible scenarios of adult transport, effective fecundity (egg production), and survival of adults (i.e., to return to spawn the next year) and juveniles (from spawned egg to age 1). We also evaluated the potential effects of increased survival for adults and juveniles. The adult female population size in the Roanoke River was estimated to be 5,224. With no transport, the model predicted a slow population increase over the next 30 years. Predicted population increases were highest when survival was improved during the first year of life. Transport was predicted to benefit the population only if high rates of effective fecundity and juvenile survival could be achieved. Currently, transported adults and young are less likely to successfully out-migrate than individuals below the dams, and the estimated adult population size is much smaller than either of two assumed values of carrying capacity for the lower river; therefore, transport is not predicted to help restore the stock under present conditions. Research on survival rates, density-dependent processes, and the impacts of structures to increase out-migration success would improve evaluation of the potential benefits of access to additional spawning habitat for American shad. C1 [Harris, Julianne E.; Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs 127, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Harris, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol,David Clark Labs 127, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jeharris@ncsu.edu FU Do-minion/North Carolina Power; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Jeffery Buckel, Thomas Kwak, and Kenneth Pollock for help with the design and analysis of this study. We also thank Kevin Dockendorf, Jeremy McCargo, and Jeff Evans of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and Sara Winslow of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries for help with obtaining and permission to use their data. We appreciate Fritz Rohde and Drew Dutterer for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was funded by Do-minion/North Carolina Power and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. The Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 262 EP 283 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675969 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400022 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Williams, AS AF Moyer, G. R. Williams, A. S. TI Assessment of Genetic Diversity for American Shad in the Santee-Cooper River Basin of South Carolina prior to Hatchery Augmentation SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COHO SALMON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; STEELHEAD TROUT; DNA MARKERS AB American shad Alosa sapidissima once supported large commercial fisheries along the Atlantic coast, but by the early 1980s many of these fisheries had declined precipitously. In contrast to most Atlantic coastal rivers, the abundance of American shad in the Santee-Cooper River basin of South Carolina has grown substantially; still, much of their upstream spawning habitat in this watershed has been restricted or adversely affected by impoundments. In an effort to rebuild populations in upstream river reaches of the Santee-Cooper basin, state and federal agencies developed an approach relying on hatchery augmentation, the relocation of prespawning adults, and the construction of permanent fish passage structures. Genetic monitoring was adopted to ensure that the genetic integrity of the population remains intact during the rebuilding process. Our study provided an initial assessment of genetic diversity for the genetic monitoring program. There were three components to the study: an assessment of within-basin genetic stock structure, a comparison of genetic diversity (the number of alleles and observed heterozygosity) between hatchery and wild stocks, and an evaluation of molecular tags for monitoring hatchery returns. The estimation of genetic diversity and the assessment of molecular tags were based on 10 microsatellite loci. We found no apparent stock structure in the Santee-Cooper basin and no difference in genetic diversity between broodstock and their wild counterparts. Eight microsatellite markers provided enough resolution to successfully (>95% assignment success) match returning American shad with their respective hatchery parents. Our results highlight the utility and importance of integrating genetic information in supportive breeding programs in an effort to evaluate the programs' effectiveness (both in terms of increasing the census size and in terms of maintaining the long-term viability of a population). C1 [Moyer, G. R.; Williams, A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM greg_moyer@fws.gov FU Santee Cooperative Accord; Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC; South Carolina Electric and Gas Company FX We would like to thank W. Booker, M. Cantrell, D. Coughlan, R. Heise, A. Hill, B. Post, M. Quattlebaum, L. Rose, F. Sessions, and W. Starnes for sample collection. We also thank M. Bartron and S. Julian for providing initial multiplex PCR reaction conditions. Figure 1 was provided by M. Cantrell. Under the Santee Cooperative Accord, Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC, and South Carolina Electric and Gas Company provided funding to G.R.M. for this project. Use of trade names throughout the manuscript does not constitute endorsement by the United States government. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 312 EP 326 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.675966 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400026 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowzer, JC Bowker, JD Schwarz, MH AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowzer, John C. Bowker, James D. Schwarz, Michael H. TI Chemical and Electrical Approaches to Sedation of Cobia: Induction, Recovery, and Physiological Responses to Sedation SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLOVE OIL; RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; PLASMA-CORTISOL; JUVENILE COBIA AB To support the growing interest in marine fisheries research in areas such as biotelemetry, tagging, and tracking, we assessed the ability of various sedatives to facilitate this research in juvenile cobias Rachycentron canadum (similar to 300 g), namely, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; 150 mg/L), carbon dioxide (CO2; similar to 750 mg/L), eugenol (60 mg/L), benzocaine (150 mg/L), and pulsed-DC electrosedation (100 V, 30 Hz, 25% duty cycle, 5-s exposure). Induction times (CO2 [z] > benzocaine [y] > eugenol [y] > MS-222 [y] > electrosedation [x]), recovery of equilibrium (CO2 [z] > eugenol [z] > MS-222 [y] > benzocaine [y] > electrosedation [x]), and responsiveness to tactile stimulus (eugenol [z] > MS-222 [y] > benzocaine [y] > CO2 [xy] > electrosedation [x]) differed significantly among the sedative treatments (treatments with the same letters are not significantly different). Total handling time from initial sedative exposure to recovery differed among the sedatives as well (CO2 [z] > eugenol [y] > benzocaine [x] > MS-222 [x] > electrosedation [w]), with cumulative means +/- SEs of 5.9 +/- 0.2 min for CO2, 4.1 +/- 0.2 for eugenol, 2.7 +/- 0.2 min for benzocaine and MS-222, and 1.0 +/- 0.2 min for electrosedation. Physiological responses differed significantly over time, with transient increases in plasma cortisol, glucose, osmolality, and lactate that were resolved within 6 h. The overall magnitude of the physiological responses differed among sedatives, depending on the response variable; however, in each case, CO2 elicited the greatest response. Although variations in induction and recovery times were observed, it is likely that these differences can be reasonably accommodated within the context of typical research by adjusting the sedative treatments or allowing for longer induction and recovery times as needed. C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.; Bowzer, John C.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Schwarz, Michael H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Seafood Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 639 EP 650 DI 10.1080/19425120.2012.728182 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 049TX UT WOS:000312007400049 ER PT J AU Haase, KB Keene, WC Pszenny, AAP Mayne, HR Talbot, RW Sive, BC AF Haase, K. B. Keene, W. C. Pszenny, A. A. P. Mayne, H. R. Talbot, R. W. Sive, B. C. TI Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; GAS-PHASE; AMBIENT AIR; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE; OZONE; VALIDATION AB Acetic acid is one of the most abundant organic acids in the ambient atmosphere, with maximum mixing ratios reaching into the tens of parts per billion by volume (ppbv) range. The identities and associated magnitudes of the major sources and sinks for acetic acid are poorly characterized, due in part to the limitations of available measurement techniques. This paper demonstrates that, when properly calibrated, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) can be a valuable technique for fast response, accurate quantification of acetic acid in ambient air. Three different PTR-MS configurations were calibrated at low ppbv mixing ratios using permeation tubes, which yielded calibration factors between 7.0 and 10.9 normalized counts per second per ppbv (ncps ppbv(-1)) at a drift tube field strength of 132 Townsend (Td). Detection limits ranged from 0.06 to 0.32 ppbv with dwell times of 5 s. These calibration factors showed negligible humidity dependence. Acetic acid was measured with PTR-MS on Appledore B Island, ME, during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign and validated based on acetic acid measured in parallel using tandem mist chambers coupled with ion chromatography (MC/IC). Mixing ratios ranged from a minimum of 0.075 +/- 0.004 ppbv to 3.555 +/- 0.171 ppbv, with a median mixing ratio of 0.530 +/- 0.025 ppbv. An orthogonal least squares linear regression of paired data yielded a slope of 1.14 +/- 0.06 (2 sigma), an intercept of 0.049 +/- 0.020 (2 sigma) ppbv, and an R-2 of 0.78. C1 [Haase, K. B.; Pszenny, A. A. P.; Talbot, R. W.; Sive, B. C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Keene, W. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Mayne, H. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Talbot, R. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Sive, B. C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Haase, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM khaase@usgs.gov FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600154, NA05OAR4601080]; National Science Foundation [ATM 0401628, ATM 0401622] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grants NA04OAR4600154 and NA05OAR4601080 to the University of New Hampshire and by the National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (ATM 0401628) and the University of New Hampshire (ATM 0401622). We thank L. C. Nielson, E. Fitz, T. Hagan, K. Garrison, K. Carpenter, Y. Zhou, R. Russo, J. Ambrose, M. White, H. Mao, E. Fischer, J. Maben, A. Smith, and others who have contributed to the measurements and management of the extensive AIRMAP database. We would like to thank Kevan Wyche and Paul Monks from the University of Leicester for providing detailed information about the response of their CIR-TOF-MS instrument to acetic acid. We would also like to thank Anita Lee of the US EPA, and Carsten Warneke of NOAA for providing clarification on their acetic acid calibration techniques. The US Geological Survey provided support while this manuscript was being prepared. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2739 EP 2750 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2739-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 046ZK UT WOS:000311804400015 ER PT B AU Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH AF Adams, Noah S. Beeman, John W. Eiler, John H. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Telemetry Techniques: A User Guide for Fisheries Research Introduction SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID TRACKING C1 [Adams, Noah S.; Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Eiler, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Adams, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM nadams@usgs.gov; jbeeman@usgs.gov; john.eiler@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600001 ER PT B AU Hockersmith, EE Beeman, JW AF Hockersmith, Eric E. Beeman, John W. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI A History of Telemetry in Fishery Research SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACKING TECHNIQUES; STEELHEAD TROUT; RADIO TELEMETRY; TRANSMITTER; MOVEMENTS; SALMON; BIOTELEMETRY; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEM C1 [Hockersmith, Eric E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Hockersmith, EE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 201 N 3rd Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM Eric.E.Hockersmith@usace.army.mil; jbeeman@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 7 EP 19 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600002 ER PT B AU Liedtke, TL Rub, AMW AF Liedtke, Theresa L. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Techniques for Telemetry Transmitter Attachment and Evaluation of Transmitter Effects on Fish Performance SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; ADULT ATLANTIC SALMON; DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; INTRAGASTRIC TRANSMITTERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA C1 [Liedtke, Theresa L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Rub, A. Michelle Wargo] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Liedtke, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM tliedtke@usgs.gov; michelle.rub@noaa.gov NR 172 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 45 EP 87 PG 43 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600004 ER PT B AU Evans, SD Stevenson, JR AF Evans, Scott D. Stevenson, John R. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Optimization of Radio Telemetry Receiving Systems SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Evans, Scott D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Stevenson, John R.] BioAnalysts Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Evans, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM sdevans@usgs.gov; john.stevenson@bioanalysts.net NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 139 EP 161 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600006 ER PT B AU Beeman, JW Hockersmith, EE Stevenson, JR AF Beeman, John W. Hockersmith, Eric E. Stevenson, John R. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Design and Performance of Radio Telemetry Systems for Assessing Juvenile Fish Passage at Three Hydroelectric Dams SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; SURVIVAL; RADIOTELEMETRY; TRANSMITTERS; IMPOUNDMENTS; STEELHEAD; BYPASS C1 [Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Hockersmith, Eric E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Stevenson, John R.] BioAnalysts Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbeeman@usgs.gov; Eric.E.Hockersmith@usace.army.mil; john.stevenson@bioanalysts.net NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 281 EP 302 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600012 ER PT B AU Steig, T Holbrook, C AF Steig, Tracey Holbrook, Christopher BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Use of Acoustic Telemetry to Evaluate Survival and Behavior of Juvenile Salmonids at Hydroelectric Dams: a Case Study from Rocky Reach Dam, Columbia River, USA SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PASSAGE SURVIVAL; FISH; RADIOTELEMETRY; PROJECT; SMOLTS; MODEL; TAGS C1 [Steig, Tracey] Hydroacoust Technol Inc, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Western Basin Ecosyst Branch, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Steig, T (reprint author), Hydroacoust Technol Inc, 715 NE Northlake Way, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM tsteig@htisonar.com; cholbrook@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 361 EP 387 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600015 ER PT B AU Castro-Santos, T Perry, RW AF Castro-Santos, Theodore Perry, Russell W. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Time-to-Event Analysis as a Framework for Quantifying Fish Passage Performance SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PACIFIC SALMONID SMOLTS; VELOCITY BARRIERS; SURVIVAL REGRESSION; JUVENILE SALMON; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; ACCELERATION C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way,POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastrosantos@usgs.gov; rperry@usgs.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 427 EP 452 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600018 ER PT B AU Perry, RW Castro-Santos, T Holbrook, CM Sandford, BP AF Perry, Russell W. Castro-Santos, Theodore Holbrook, Christopher M. Sandford, Benjamin P. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Using Mark-Recapture Models to Estimate Survival from Telemetry Data SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; RADIOTELEMETRY; ANIMALS; HYPOTHESES C1 [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Western Basin Ecosyst Branch, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Sandford, Benjamin P.] NOAA, Pasco, WA 99361 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov; tcastrosantos@usgs.gov; cholbrook@usgs.gov; ben.sandford@noaa.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 453 EP 475 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600019 ER PT B AU Hardiman, JM Walker, CE Counihan, TD AF Hardiman, Jill M. Walker, Chris E. Counihan, Tim D. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Developing a Quality Assurance Plan for Telemetry Studies: a Necessary Management Tool for an Effective Study SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; RADIOTELEMETRY; MIGRATION; SURVIVAL; BIAS C1 [Hardiman, Jill M.; Counihan, Tim D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Walker, Chris E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Hardiman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhardiman@usgs.gov; Christopher.E.Walker@usace.army.mil; tcounihan@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 477 EP 490 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600020 ER PT B AU Beeman, JW Perry, RW AF Beeman, John W. Perry, Russell W. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Bias from False-Positive Detections and Strategies for their Removal in Studies Using Telemetry SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; MIGRATION C1 [Beeman, John W.; Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbeeman@usgs.gov; rperry@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 505 EP 518 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600022 ER PT J AU Little, AM Guntenspergen, GR Allen, TFH AF Little, Amanda M. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Allen, Timothy F. H. TI Wetland vegetation dynamics in response to beaver (Castor canadensis) activity at multiple scales SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beaver wetland; Castor canadensis; disturbance; ecosystem engineer; succession; wetland plant community ID NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPES; POPULATION; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT; MEADOWS; PATTERN; MAINE; PONDS AB Beaver activity is often considered a hydrologic disturbance that "resets" succession. We determined how beaver impoundment and wetland size and water chemistry affected the vegetation and succession of 25 beaver meadows and ponds using the space-for-time substitution. We used aerial photography to investigate whether a large 1947 fire in one region of Mount Desert Island, Maine, led to differences in regional temporal fluctuations in beaver pond occupancy over 60 y and determined whether these fluctuations led to different regional distributions of beaver wetland plant community types. Cluster analysis segregated 4 wetland groups: sedge meadows, sedge fens, shrub fens, and forested fens, which segregated along gradients of time since dam collapse, water chemistry, and wetland size. Beaver did not affect water chemistry or wetland size. Pond vegetation was a function of community type prior to flooding, water chemistry, and geomorphic setting. The successional model consisted of 2 separate cycles, corresponding to differences in pH and peat accumulations. Beaver pond creation rates differed in burned and unburned regions over time. Due to increased activity in the burned region, there was a different distribution of plant communities between the regions. Wetlands abandoned at the peak of beaver pond creation in 1979 were flooded for shorter durations, resulting in forested fen vegetation.. Beaver activity created different successional cycles within different water chemistry and geomorphic contexts. Water chemistry, wetland size, and initial wetland state, which primarily determined non-forested wetland type, were not influenced by beaver. C1 [Little, Amanda M.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Allen, Timothy F. H.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Little, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, POB 790, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. EM littlea@uwstout.edu FU US Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program grant; US Geological Survey SCEP program; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Botany; Society of Wetland Scientists FX This research was funded by a US Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program grant to G. Guntenspergen and H. Neckles. We thank the US Geological Survey SCEP program, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Botany, and the Society of Wetland Scientists for support to A. Little. D. Manski, B. Gawley, B. Connery, K. Anderson, and B. Childrey at Acadia National Park provided logistical, laboratory, GIS, and archival support. C. Peschka, M. Gahl, L. Willey, A. Kettel, M. Kuchta, and A. Flaaten helped collect field data. M. Haramis, J. Austin, and an anonymous reviewer made helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 94 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.2980/19-3-3498 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 034AR UT WOS:000310843000007 ER PT J AU Stets, EG Striegl, RG AF Stets, Edward G. Striegl, Robert G. TI Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; carbon cycle; inorganic carbon; load estimation; organic carbon; rivers ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CO2 CONSUMPTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPORT; EROSION; WATERSHEDS; OCEANS; CYCLE; FLUX AB Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41-49 Tg C yr(-1). IC was >75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m(-2) yr(-1) for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock. C1 [Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM estets@usgs.gov OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196 FU USGS FX This study was supported by the USGS LandCarbon project. We thank Dave Lorenz for helpful input on calculating confidence intervals on the load estimates. Brent Aulenbach and Brian Bergamaschi provided useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 33 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.5268/IW-2.4.510 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 034OD UT WOS:000310881900002 ER PT J AU Downing, JA Cole, JJ Duarte, CM Middelburg, JJ Melack, JM Prairie, YT Kortelainen, P Striegl, RG McDowell, WH Tranvik, LJ AF Downing, J. A. Cole, J. J. Duarte, C. M. Middelburg, J. J. Melack, J. M. Prairie, Y. T. Kortelainen, P. Striegl, R. G. McDowell, W. H. Tranvik, L. J. TI Global abundance and size distribution of streams and rivers SO INLAND WATERS LA English DT Article DE streams; rivers; global; size distributions; area; carbon cycling; stream order ID UNITED-STATES; CHANNEL NETWORKS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LAKES; DENITRIFICATION; RESERVOIRS; BASIN; CO2; SUPERSATURATION; WATERSHEDS AB To better integrate lotic ecosystems into global cycles and budgets, we provide approximations of the size-distribution and areal extent of streams and rivers. One approach we used was to employ stream network theory combined with data on stream width. We also used detailed stream networks on 2 continents to estimate the fraction of continental area occupied by streams worldwide and corrected remote sensing stream inventories for unresolved small streams. Our estimates of global fluvial area are 485 000 to 662 000 km(2) and are +30-300% of published appraisals. Moderately sized rivers (orders 5-9) seem to comprise the greatest global area, with less area covered by low and high order streams, while global stream length, and therefore the riparian interface, is dominated by 1st order streams. Rivers and streams are likely to cover 0.30-0.56% of the land surface and make contributions to global processes and greenhouse gas emissions that may be +20-200% greater than those implied by previous estimates. C1 [Downing, J. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cole, J. J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Duarte, C. M.] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley 6009, Australia. [Duarte, C. M.] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain. [Middelburg, J. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Middelburg, J. J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Yerseke, Netherlands. [Melack, J. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Prairie, Y. T.] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Kortelainen, P.] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Striegl, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80002 USA. [McDowell, W. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Tranvik, L. J.] Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Downing, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM downing@iastate.edu RI Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Tranvik, Lars/H-2222-2011; Prairie, Yves/B-9108-2008; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010 OI Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [DEB-94-21535]; University of California at Santa Barbara; State of California; Spanish Ministry of Science FX This work was conducted as a part of the ITAC (Integration of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Carbon) Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant DEB-94-21535), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the State of California. This contribution also benefited from the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science through a sabbatical grant to JAD. We are grateful to David Clow for comments on an early draft. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 104 PU FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI AMBLESIDE PA THE FERRY HOUSE, FAR SAWREY, AMBLESIDE, CUMBRIA LA22 0LP, ENGLAND SN 2044-2041 J9 INLAND WATERS JI Inland Waters PY 2012 VL 2 IS 4 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.5268/IW-2.4.502 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 034OD UT WOS:000310881900007 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Fischbach, AS Kochnev, AA AF Jay, Chadwick V. Fischbach, Anthony S. Kochnev, Anatoly A. TI Walrus areas of use in the Chukchi Sea during sparse sea ice cover SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Odobenus rosmarus; Foraging; Kernel density; Climate change; Utilization ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-DIVERGENS; MARINE MAMMALS; BERING-SEA; BEHAVIOR; ESTIMATORS; CLIMATE AB The Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens feeds on benthic invertebrates on the continental shelf of the Chukchi and Bering Seas and rests on sea ice between foraging trips. With climate warming, ice-free periods in the Chukchi Sea have increased and are projected to increase further in frequency and duration. We radio-tracked walruses to estimate areas of walrus foraging and occupancy in the Chukchi Sea from June to November of 2008 to 2011, years when sea ice was sparse over the continental shelf in comparison to historical records. The earlier and more extensive sea ice retreat in June to September, and delayed freeze-up of sea ice in October to November, created conditions for walruses to arrive earlier and stay later in the Chukchi Sea than in the past. The lack of sea ice over the continental shelf from September to October caused walruses to forage in nearshore areas instead of offshore areas as in the past. Walruses did not frequent the deep waters of the Arctic Basin when sea ice retreated off the shelf. Walruses foraged in most areas they occupied, and areas of concentrated foraging generally corresponded to regions of high benthic biomass, such as in the northeastern (Hanna Shoal) and southwestern Chukchi Sea. A notable exception was the occurrence of concentrated foraging in a nearshore area of northwestern Alaska that is apparently depauperate in walrus prey. With increasing sea ice loss, it is likely that walruses will increase their use of coastal haul-outs and nearshore foraging areas, with consequences to the population that are yet to be understood. C1 [Jay, Chadwick V.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kochnev, Anatoly A.] Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Chukotka Branch, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cjay@usgs.gov FU USGS; Northern Forum; Arctic Slope Regional Corporation [TAA08AK]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project) [818] FX This project was supported by funds from the USGS, including the Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative, contributed funds from the Northern Forum and Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (under Technical Assistance Agreement No. TAA08AK), and a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project No. 818). We appreciate field and logistical support from the Native Village of Pt. Lay (particularly from W. Harding Lampe, L. Ferreira III, M. Tracey, and B. Tracey Sr.), Vankarem (particularly from S. Kavry and V. Buchin), and Enurmino (particularly from S. Kabantsev), North Slope Borough, Eskimo Walrus Commission, and J. Garlich-Miller (USFWS). Field work in Russia was aided by A. Dondua, M. Chakilev (Pacific Research Fisheries Center, Chukotka Branch) and N. Kryukova (Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography). Excellent ship and air support were provided by the crew of RV 'Norseman II', and office and field staff from Olgoonik/Fairweather, LLC, Clearwater Air, and the NOAA COMIDA aerial survey program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 73 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 468 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3354/meps10057 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 036PV UT WOS:000311041900001 ER PT S AU Horowitz, AJ Stephens, VC Elrick, KA Smith, JJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. Stephens, Verlon C. Elrick, Kent A. Smith, James J. BE Collins, AL Golosov, V Horowitz, AJ Lu, X Stone, M Walling, DE Zhang, XB TI Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients and sulfur from US coastal rivers SO EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELDS IN THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Erosion and Sediment Yields in the Changing Environment CY OCT 11-15, 2012 CL Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Commiss Continental Eros HO Inst Mt Hazards & Environm DE fluvial sediment-associated constituents; annual fluxes; conterminous USA ID ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GEOCHEMISTRY; PROGRAM; IMPACT; OCEAN; SOIL AB About 260-270 Mt of suspended sediment are discharged annually from the conterminous USA; approximately 69% derives from Gulf rivers (n = 36), 24% from Pacific rivers (n = 42), and 7% from Atlantic rivers (n = 54). Elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations relative to baseline levels occur in the reverse order of sediment discharges: Atlantic rivers (49%) > Pacific rivers (40%) > Gulf rivers (23%). Elevated trace element concentrations (e.g. Cu, Zn) tend to occur in association with present/former industrial areas and/or urban centres, particularly along the northeast Atlantic coast. Elevated nutrient concentrations occur along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but are dominated by rivers in the urban northeast and by southeastern and Gulf coast "blackwater" streams. Elevated Ca, Mg, K and Na levels appear to reflect local petrology whereas elevated Ti, S, Fe, and Al concentrations are ubiquitous, possibly because they have both natural and anthropogenic sources. Almost all the elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations/fluxes are lower than worldwide averages. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.; Elrick, Kent A.; Smith, James J.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-33-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2012 VL 356 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BCM82 UT WOS:000310722000005 ER PT J AU Velpuri, NM Senay, GB AF Velpuri, N. M. Senay, G. B. TI Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BOOTSTRAP METHODS; AFRICAN RAINFALL; GENERATION; ETHIOPIA; BASIN; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; ALGORITHM AB Lake Turkana, the largest desert lake in the world, is fed by ungauged or poorly gauged river systems. To meet the demand of electricity in the East African region, Ethiopia is currently building the Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the Omo River, which supplies more than 80% of the inflows to Lake Turkana. On completion, the Gibe III dam will be the tallest dam in Africa with a height of 241 m. However, the nature of interactions and potential impacts of regulated inflows to Lake Turkana are not well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable in situ datasets. In this study, we used 12 yr (1998-2009) of existing multi-source satellite and model-assimilated global weather data. We used a calibrated multi-source satellite data-driven water balance model for Lake Turkana that takes into account model routed runoff, lake/reservoir evapotranspiration, direct rain on lakes/reservoirs and releases from the dam to compute lake water levels. The model evaluates the impact of the Gibe III dam using three different approaches - a historical approach, a rainfall based approach, and a statistical approach to generate rainfall-runoff scenarios. All the approaches provided comparable and consistent results. Model results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam on Lake Turkana would vary with the magnitude and distribution of rainfall post-dam commencement. On average, the reservoir would take up to 8-10 months, after commencement, to reach a minimum operation level of 201 m depth of water. During the dam filling period, the lake level would drop up to 1-2m (95% confidence) compared to the lake level modeled without the dam. The lake level variability caused by regulated inflows after the dam commissioning were found to be within the natural variability of the lake of 4.8 m. Moreover, modeling results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam would depend on the initial lake level at the time of dam commencement. Areas along the Lake Turkana shoreline that are vulnerable to fluctuations in lake levels due to the Gibe III dam were also identified. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using existing multi-source satellite data in a basic modeling framework to assess the potential hydrological impact of an upstream dam on a terminal downstream lake. The results obtained from this study could also be used to evaluate alternative dam-filling scenarios and assess the potential impact of the dam on Lake Turkana under different operational strategies. C1 [Velpuri, N. M.; Senay, G. B.] S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Senay, G. B.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov RI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/A-5193-2013 OI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/0000-0002-6370-1926 FU Division of Early Warning and Assessment, United Nations Environment Program; Applied Science Program of NASA Earth-Sun System Division [NNA06CH751] FX We thank Ashbindu Singh of the Division of Early Warning and Assessment, United Nations Environment Program for funding field and data collection campaigns to Kenya and Ethiopia. Our thanks also goes to Mehret Debebe and Azeb Asnake of Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo), Ethiopia, for facilitating our field visit to the Gibe III dam site and providing useful technical data for this study. This work was partially supported by Applied Science Program of NASA Earth-Sun System Division contract # NNA06CH751. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the NASA or USGS of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 3561 EP 3578 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3561-2012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 029DF UT WOS:000310474300007 ER PT J AU Flint, LE Flint, AL Stolp, BJ Danskin, WR AF Flint, L. E. Flint, A. L. Stolp, B. J. Danskin, W. R. TI A basin-scale approach for assessing water resources in a semiarid environment: San Diego region, California and Mexico SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; ARID REGIONS; PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGY; NEVADA; MODELS AB Many basins throughout the world have sparse hydrologic and geologic data, but have increasing demands for water and a commensurate need for integrated understanding of surface and groundwater resources. This paper demonstrates a methodology for using a distributed parameter water-balance model, gaged surface-water flow, and a reconnaissance-level groundwater flow model to develop a first-order water balance. Flow amounts are rounded to the nearest 5 million cubic meters per year. The San Diego River basin is 1 of 5 major drainage basins that drain to the San Diego coastal plain, the source of public water supply for the San Diego area. The distributed parameter water-balance model (Basin Characterization Model) was run at a monthly timestep for 1940-2009 to determine a median annual total water inflow of 120 million cubic meters per year for the San Diego region. The model was also run specifically for the San Diego River basin for 1982-2009 to provide constraints to model calibration and to evaluate the proportion of inflow that becomes groundwater discharge, resulting in a median annual total water inflow of 50 million cubic meters per year. On the basis of flow records for the San Diego River at Fashion Valley (US Geological Survey gaging station 11023000), when corrected for upper basin reservoir storage and imported water, the total is 30 million cubic meters per year. The difference between these two flow quantities defines the annual groundwater outflow from the San Diego River basin at 20 million cubic meters per year. These three flow components constitute a first-order water budget estimate for the San Diego River basin. The ratio of surface-water outflow and groundwater outflow to total water inflow are 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. Using total water inflow determined using the Basin Characterization Model for the entire San Diego region and the 0.4 partitioning factor, groundwater outflow from the San Diego region, through the coastal plain aquifer to the Pacific Ocean, is calculated to be approximately 50 million cubic meters per year. The area-scale assessment of water resources highlights several hydrologic features of the San Diego region. Groundwater recharge is episodic; the Basin Characterization Model output shows that 90 percent of simulated recharge occurred during 3 percent of the 1982-2009 period. The groundwater aquifer may also be quite permeable. A reconnaissance-level groundwater flow model for the San Diego River basin was used to check the water budget estimates, and the basic interaction of the surface-water and groundwater system, and the flow values, were found to be reasonable. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity values of the volcanic and metavolcanic bedrock in San Diego region range from 1 to 10 m per day. Overall, results establish an initial hydrologic assessment formulated on the basis of sparse hydrologic data. The described flow variability, extrapolation, and unique characteristics represent a realistic view of current (2012) hydrologic understanding for the San Diego region. C1 [Flint, L. E.; Flint, A. L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Stolp, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Danskin, W. R.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Flint, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. EM lflint@usgs.gov FU City of San Diego; Sweetwater Authority FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding entities, the City of San Diego and Sweetwater Authority, for their support of this study. We would also like to thank all reviewers for timely and helpful reviews, providing comments and suggestions to greatly improve the manuscript. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 3817 EP 3833 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3817-2012 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 029DF UT WOS:000310474300023 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Eyler, S Wofford, JEB AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Eyler, Sheila Wofford, John E. B. TI Dam Removal Increases American Eel Abundance in Distant Headwater Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; RIVER DRAINAGE; POTOMAC RIVER; VIRGINIA; EXTIRPATION; STRATEGIES; BARRIERS; MARYLAND AB American eel Anguilla rostrata abundances have undergone significant declines over the last 50 years, and migration barriers have been recognized as a contributing cause. We evaluated eel abundances in headwater streams of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, to compare sites before and after the removal of a large downstream dam in 2004 (Embrey Dam, Rappahannock River). Eel abundances in headwater streams increased significantly after the removal of Embrey Dam. Observed eel abundances after dam removal exceeded predictions derived from autoregressive models parameterized with data prior to dam removal. Mann-Kendall analyses also revealed consistent increases in eel abundances from 2004 to 2010 but inconsistent temporal trends before dam removal. Increasing eel numbers could not be attributed to changes in local physical habitat (i.e., mean stream depth or substrate size) or regional population dynamics (i.e., abundances in Maryland streams or Virginia estuaries). Dam removal was associated with decreasing minimum eel lengths in headwater streams, suggesting that the dam previously impeded migration of many small-bodied individuals (<300 mm TL). We hypothesize that restoring connectivity to headwater streams could increase eel population growth rates by increasing female eel numbers and fecundity. This study demonstrated that dams may influence eel abundances in headwater streams up to 150 river kilometers distant, and that dam removal may provide benefits for eel management and conservation at the landscape scale. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Eyler, Sheila] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Wofford, John E. B.] Natl Pk Serv, Luray, VA 22835 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov FU Shenandoah National Park; National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank T. Tuckey, K. Whiteford, M. Kashiwagi, A. Weaver, N. Dammeyer, A. Williams, C. Snyder, J. Schaberl, S. Faulkner, and K. Cooper for assistance with the development and review of this paper. This research was supported by Shenandoah National Park, the National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 70 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675918 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700001 ER PT J AU Walters, AW Holzer, DM Faulkner, JR Warren, CD Murphy, PD McClure, MM AF Walters, Annika W. Holzer, Damon M. Faulkner, James R. Warren, Charles D. Murphy, Patrick D. McClure, Michelle M. TI Quantifying Cumulative Entrainment Effects for Chinook Salmon in a Heavily Irrigated Watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH ENTRAINMENT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MARKED ANIMALS; 2-VECTOR FLOWS; RIVER; RESTORATION; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; CANALS; CONSERVATION AB Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. experience multiple small-scale disturbances throughout their freshwater habitat, but the cumulative effect of these disturbances is often not known or not easily quantifiable. One such disturbance is water diversions, which can entrain fish and alter streamflow regimes. Threatened Lemhi River (Idaho) Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha smolts encounter 41-71 water diversions during their out-migration. We used passive integrated transponder tag data to model the entrainment rate of Chinook salmon smolts as a function of the proportion of water removed by an irrigation diversion. Under median-streamflow conditions with unscreened diversions, the estimated cumulative effect of the diversions was a loss of 71.1% of out-migrating smolts due to entrainment. This is a large potential source of mortality, but screening is an effective mitigation strategy, as estimated mortality was reduced to 1.9% when all diversions were screened. If resources are limited, targeting the diversions that remove a large amount of water and diversions in locations with high fish encounter rates is most effective. Our modeling approach could be used to quantify the entrainment effects of water diversions and set screening priorities for other watersheds. C1 [Walters, Annika W.; Holzer, Damon M.; Faulkner, James R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Warren, Charles D.; Murphy, Patrick D.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Anadromous Fish Screen Program, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. [McClure, Michelle M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Walters, AW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM annika.walters@uwyo.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Research Council FX We thank Michael Ciscell and Morgan Case (IDWR) for providing the water rights GIS layers and guidance on how to analyze them; we also thank Bryan Nordlund, Paul McElhany, Al Zale, Tim Grabowski, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. A.W.W. was supported by a National Research Council research associateship. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1190 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.679019 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700002 ER PT J AU Schoen, ER Beauchamp, DA Overman, NC AF Schoen, Erik R. Beauchamp, David A. Overman, Nathanael C. TI Quantifying Latent Impacts of an Introduced Piscivore: Pulsed Predatory Inertia of Lake Trout and Decline of Kokanee SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FOOD WEBS; PEND OREILLE; GROWTH-MODEL; POPULATION; FISH; DYNAMICS; PREY; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM AB Introduced long-lived predators often cause significant impacts on their prey, but these impacts can be masked from detection due to high "predatory inertia": time lags in population growth and dietary ontogeny. We evaluated whether predation by introduced lake trout Salvelinus namaycush could explain the 88% decline in escapement of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka during 2005-2009 in Lake Chelan, Washington. We quantified the strength and trend of predation impacts with field sampling, a hydroacoustic assessment of kokanee production, and bioenergetics and age-structured population models of lake trout. Lake trout consumption of kokanee exceeded kokanee production, indicating strong predation impacts at the start of the decline. Fully piscivorous lake trout (>550 mm fork length) were responsible for 83% of this predation. The population model predicted that a pulse of strong stocked cohorts crossed this piscivorous size threshold, causing the biomass of fully piscivorous lake trout to expand by roughly 70-300% during 2004-2009 and driving predation pressure to peak levels. Together, these results suggested that lake trout predation was a large and growing source of kokanee mortality during the decline. Counterintuitively, predation pressure was projected to increase even if the numbers of harvestable lake trout declined, as strong cohorts grew to piscivorous size while succumbing to mortality. Angler catch rates of lake trout declined by 40% during 2004-2007, as was predicted by the population model; this decline in catch masked the rise in predation pressure. This analysis demonstrates the potential for introduced predators exhibiting high predatory inertia to cause strong, latent impacts on prey that would be unexpected based on harvest trends and prior dynamics alone. Forward-looking monitoring and modeling analyses are clearly advantageous for managers who seek to maintain ecosystems in long-term "balance" by detecting and reversing incipient changes in predation. C1 [Schoen, Erik R.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schoen, ER (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM erik.schoen@gmail.com RI Schoen, Erik/H-3829-2013; OI Schoen, Erik/0000-0001-8301-6419 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Chelan County Public Utility District; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; University of Washington; Lake Chelan Sportsman's Association; Washington Department of Ecology; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey; the Chelan County Public Utility District; the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington; and the Lake Chelan Sportsman's Association. A. Buettner, C. Ekblad, M. Grassley, B. Long, E. Lowery, C. Menard, J. Mitts, S. Pierszalowski, C. Sergeant, and many others provided field and laboratory assistance. T. Buser, L. Hauser, and I. Jimenez-Hidalgo conducted the genetic analysis. Samples and invaluable local knowledge were provided by A. Jones, F. Clark, J. Heinlen, M. Lippincott, M. Polacek, and A. Viola. Comments from E. Duffy, A. Hansen, T. Essington, E. Lowery, P. Martinez, J. McIntyre, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey; the University of Washington; the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1206 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.681104 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700003 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Tiffan, KF AF Connor, William P. Tiffan, Kenneth F. TI Evidence for Parr Growth as a Factor Affecting Parr-to-Smolt Survival SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; LOWER SNAKE RIVER; JUVENILE LIFE-HISTORY; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COHO SALMON; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; SMALLMOUTH BASS; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB Data collected on juvenile anadromous salmonids implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are used in mark-recapture analyses to understand the factors affecting survival of fish estimated between rearing in riverine habitat and dam passage. We estimated parr-to-smolt survival of PIT-tagged naturally produced subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to examine the previously unexplored influences of environmental and biological conditions measured prior to reservoir entry. Mean (+/- SE) parr-to-smolt survival of the early migrating cohorts was 45.4 +/- 6.3% (n = 13) compared with 37.4 +/- 4.7% (n = 13) for later migrating cohorts. Annual mean parr-to-smolt survival differed widely across years ranging from a low of 9.6 +/- 0.5% (n = 2) in 2001 to a high of 81.7 +/- 4.6% (n = 2) in 1999. Parr growth prior to reservoir entry and reservoir velocity provided the most information on variability in parr-to-smolt survival (N = 26, R-2 = 0.75, corrected Akaike's information criterion [AIC(c)] = -5.01). We suggest that parr growth and reservoir velocity were directly proportional to parr-to-smolt survival because fast growth and downstream movement reduces the time when fish are vulnerable to predators. The effect of reservoir velocity comports with previous published studies and supports management efforts to increase reservoir velocity. Few if any published studies explicitly relate parr growth measured on individual fish to survival estimated for their cohorts in freshwater. This study provides empirical evidence that upholds the long-held belief that any anthropogenic activity that reduces growth of juvenile salmonids during freshwater rearing has the potential to reduce their survival. C1 [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, 276 Dworshak Complex Dr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. EM william_connor@fws.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900] FX We thank our colleagues at the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Idaho Fisheries Resource Office whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. This study (and many other studies we have conducted) would not have been possible without personnel of the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, including D. Marvin (through 2010) and N. Tancreto (2011), who helped operate and maintain the Columbia Basin PIT-Tag Information System. The statistical review by K. Steinhorst and peer-review by G. McMichael, B. Muir, and the journal's associate editor and editor improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by D. Docherty and J. George under project number 199102900 to meet reasonable and prudent alternatives (2004 Biological Opinion; 2008 Biological Opinion, 55.4, 50.3, 65.2). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1218 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.685121 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700004 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Stansell, RJ Tackley, SC Nagy, WT Gibbons, KM Peery, CA Caudill, CC AF Keefer, Matthew L. Stansell, Robert J. Tackley, Sean C. Nagy, William T. Gibbons, Karrie M. Peery, Christopher A. Caudill, Christopher C. TI Use of Radiotelemetry and Direct Observations to Evaluate Sea Lion Predation on Adult Pacific Salmonids at Bonneville Dam SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; HARBOR SEALS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FEEDING-HABITS; ABUNDANCE; MIGRATION; CALIFORNIA; PREY; POPULATIONS AB Management of protected species becomes increasingly complex when one protected population negatively affects another. This occurs along coastlines and in rivers and estuaries of the U. S. Pacific Northwest, where protected marine mammals prey on threatened and endangered Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. Over 9 years, we observed a growing aggregation of California sea lions Zalophus californianus and Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus preying upon adult Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Both before and concurrent with the observation study, we monitored radio-tagged salmon at Bonneville Dam and during their upriver spawning migrations. Springtime sea lion abundance steadily increased from 2002 to 2010 and the aggregation formed earlier each winter. The principal prey species in winter were resident white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and migratory steelhead and then shifted to predominantly Chinook salmon when the spring run arrived. Observation-based estimates of salmonid consumption from January to May varied 12-fold among years (0.4-4.9%, mean = 2.6% of adult salmonids counted at the dam), and radiotelemetry results corroborated these estimates. The highest proportional impact was in winter and early spring. As salmonid abundance increased, per capita consumption by sea lions increased (Type II functional response) but individual salmonid risk decreased (due to prey swamping). Population-specific risk analyses indicated predation was substantially higher for early-timed than for late-timed salmon populations. The most at-risk group included Snake River and upper Columbia River Chinook salmon listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. These predation indices should help managers simultaneously tasked with salmon recovery and marine mammal management. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Stansell, Robert J.; Nagy, William T.; Gibbons, Karrie M.] USA, Corps Engineers, Fisheries Field Unit, Cascade Locks, OR 97014 USA. [Tackley, Sean C.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Branch, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 975 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank all the observers in the pinniped observation program. They spent many hours in extreme weather conditions to obtain this important information for regional managers. We also thank the U. S. Department of Agriculture for supplying agents to employ harassment activities to keep sea lions away from fishways, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for supplying boats for harassment activities. Special thanks to the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for designing and deploying sea lion exclusion devices, which have kept sea lions out of the Bonneville Dam fishways since their installation in 2006. We are similarly indebted to individuals at many organizations for gathering and compiling the Chinook salmon data used in this study. We especially appreciate the personnel at the many cooperating hatcheries as well as anglers and tribal fishers for returning radio transmitters. We also thank T. Bjornn, B. Burke, M. Moser, L. Stuehrenberg, A. Matter, K. Frick, and T. Bohn (National Marine Fisheries Service) for their collaboration on the telemetry project. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; we thank D. Clugston, M. Shutters, R. Dach, M. Langeslay, and T. Mackey for their support. At the University of Idaho, T. Bjornn, R. Ringe, K. Tolotti, M. Jepson, S. Lee, C. Boggs, T. Reischel, G. Naughton, W. Daigle, M. Morasch, T. Dick, D. Joosten, and C. Morat helped with telemetry project oversight, field operations, and collection and processing of telemetry data. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and the journal's associate editor whose constructive comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 66 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1236 EP 1251 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.688918 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700007 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Copeland, ES Christiansen, HE Gregg, JL Roon, SR Hershberger, PK AF Mesa, Matthew G. Copeland, Elizabeth S. Christiansen, Helena E. Gregg, Jacob L. Roon, Sean R. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Survival and Growth of Juvenile Pacific Lampreys Tagged with Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) in Freshwater and Seawater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; DAMS; TAGS; SMOLTIFICATION; WASHINGTON; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; LENGTH AB Tagging methods are needed for both adult and juvenile life stages of Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata to better understand their biology and factors contributing to their decline. We developed a safe and efficient technique for tagging juvenile Pacific lampreys with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We tested the short-term survival of PIT-tagged juvenile lampreys in freshwater at four temperatures (9, 12, 15, and 18 degrees C) and their long-term growth and survival in seawater. For both experiments there was little to no tag loss, and juvenile lampreys in freshwater showed high survival at all temperatures at 7 d (95-100%) and 14 d (88-100%) posttagging. Prolonged holding (40 d) resulted in significantly lower survival (28-79%) at warmer temperatures (12-18 degrees C). For juvenile lampreys tagged in freshwater and then transitioned to seawater, survival was 97% for tagged fish until day 94, and at the end of 6 months, survival was about 58% for both tagged and control fish. About half of the tagged and control fish that survived in seawater grew, but there was no difference in growth between the two groups. In freshwater, but not in seawater, most fish that died had an aquatic fungal infection. In both experiments, survival increased with increasing fish length at tagging. Our results indicate that tags similar in size to a 9-mm PIT tag are a feasible option for tagging metamorphosed juvenile lampreys migrating downstream and that when fungal infections are mitigated-as in seawater-long-term (at least 6 months) survival of tagged juvenile lampreys is high. C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Copeland, Elizabeth S.; Christiansen, Helena E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Gregg, Jacob L.; Roon, Sean R.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1268 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.686951 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700009 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP David, SR Pothoven, SA AF Madenjian, Charles P. David, Solomon R. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Effects of Activity and Energy Budget Balancing Algorithm on Laboratory Performance of a Fish Bioenergetics Model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-MICHIGAN ALEWIVES; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; YELLOW PERCH; CONSUMPTION; TROUT; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB We evaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that were fed ad libitum in laboratory tanks under regimes of low activity and high activity. In addition, we compared model performance under two different model algorithms: (1) balancing the lake trout energy budget on day t based on lake trout energy density on day t and (2) balancing the lake trout energy budget on day t based on lake trout energy density on day t + 1. Results indicated that the model significantly underestimated consumption for both inactive and active lake trout when algorithm 1 was used and that the degree of underestimation was similar for the two activity levels. In contrast, model performance substantially improved when using algorithm 2, as no detectable bias was found in model predictions of consumption for inactive fish and only a slight degree of overestimation was detected for active fish. The energy budget was accurately balanced by using algorithm 2 but not by using algorithm 1. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the use of algorithm 2 to estimate food consumption by fish in the field. Our study results highlight the importance of accurately accounting for changes in fish energy density when balancing the energy budget; furthermore, these results have implications for the science of evaluating fish bioenergetics model performance and for more accurate estimation of food consumption by fish in the field when fish energy density undergoes relatively rapid changes. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [David, Solomon R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Linda Begnoche, Steven Farha, Kevin Keeler, Melissa Kostich, Justin Londer, and Lynn Ogilvie are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance with running the laboratory experiment. Steven Constant measured flow rates in the laboratory tanks. The Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) provided the lake trout used in our laboratory experiment. We thank Yu-Chun Kao for his work in revising the bioenergetics model software package. James Breck and Steven Hewett reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful suggestions for its improvement. This work was funded by a research grant awarded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to C. P. M. This article is Contribution 1692 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and is Contribution 1628 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1337 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.692346 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700015 ER PT J AU Wirth, L Rosenberger, A Prakash, A Gens, R Margraf, FJ Hamazaki, T AF Wirth, Lisa Rosenberger, Amanda Prakash, Anupma Gens, Rudiger Margraf, F. Joseph Hamazaki, Toshihide TI A Remote-Sensing, GIS-Based Approach to Identify, Characterize, and Model Spawning Habitat for Fall-Run Chum Salmon in a Sub-Arctic, Glacially Fed River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; REDD SITE SELECTION; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SURVIVAL; WATER; SAND; GROUNDWATER; LANDSCAPES AB At northern limits of a species' distribution, fish habitat requirements are often linked to thermal preferences, and the presence of overwintering habitat. However, logistical challenges and hydrologic processes typical of glacial systems could compromize the identification of these habitats, particularly in large river environments. Our goal was to identify and characterize spawning habitat for fall-run chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and model habitat selection from spatial distributions of tagged individuals in the Tanana River, Alaska using an approach that combined ground surveys with remote sensing. Models included braiding, sinuosity, ice-free water surface area (indicating groundwater influence), and persistent ice-free water (i.e., consistent presence of ice-free water for a 12-year period according to satellite imagery). Candidate models containing persistent ice-free water were selected as most likely, highlighting the utility of remote sensing for monitoring and identifying salmon habitat in remote areas. A combination of ground and remote surveys revealed spatial and temporal thermal characteristics of these habitats that could have strong biological implications. Persistent ice-free sites identified using synthetic aperture radar appear to serve as core areas for spawning fall chum salmon, and the importance of stability through time suggests a legacy of successful reproductive effort for this homing species. These features would not be captured with a one-visit traditional survey but rather required remote-sensing monitoring of the sites through time. C1 [Wirth, Lisa; Margraf, F. Joseph] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Prakash, Anupma; Gens, Rudiger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hamazaki, Toshihide] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Wirth, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM lmwirth@alaska.edu FU Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; Commercial Fisheries Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Tanana Chiefs Conference FX This research was funded through the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, the Commercial Fisheries Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the Tanana Chiefs Conference. The latter two operated the fish wheel that captured the study fish and tracked fish via radiotelemetry, and they generously provided those data for our study. We would like to thank R. Driscoll, A. Merriman, B. Baker, P. Drobny, C. Zimmerman, S. Burril, and V. von Biela for help with field work; R. Gens for help with SAR data processing and interpretation; W. Witte and W. Putman for assistance with GIS; and G. Wirth for computational and field work support. We acknowledge the Alaska Satellite Facility for providing the SAR and ALOS data at no cost for this research. The ALOS data were processed and provided by the Americas ALOS Data Node. Sincere thanks to Chena River Aviation, Quicksilver Air, Inc., Teraterpret, Ken Air, and Webster's Flying Service for providing safe flights for data acquisition. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1363 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.692348 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700017 ER PT J AU Plumb, JM Connor, WP Tiffan, KF Moffitt, CM Perry, R Adams, NS AF Plumb, John M. Connor, William P. Tiffan, Kenneth F. Moffitt, Christine M. Perry, RussellW. Adams, Noah S. TI Estimating and Predicting Collection Probability of Fish at Dams Using Multistate Modeling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SNAKE RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RECAPTURE MODELS; SURVIVAL RATES; SALAR L; MIGRATION; PASSAGE AB Dams can be equipped with a bypass that routes a portion of the fish that enter the turbine intakes away from the powerhouse into flumes, where they can be counted. Daily passage abundance can be estimated by dividing the number of fish counted in the bypass by the sampling rate and then dividing the resulting quotient by the collection probability (i.e., the proportion of the fish population passing the dam that is bypassed). We used multistate mark-recapture modeling to evaluate six candidate models for predicting the collection probabilities of radio-tagged subyearling fall Chinook salmon (n = 3,852) as a function of 1-2-d time periods (general model), four different combinations of outflow (i.e., the total volume of water passing the dam) and turbine allocation (i.e., the proportion of outflow directed through the turbines), and a null (intercept only) model. The best-fit model was the additive combination of turbine allocation and outflow, which explained 71% of the null deviance. Cross validation of the best-fit model accounted for the variation that may arise from different data sets and the ensuing parameter values on the collection probability estimates and yielded a standard error of 0.613 that can be used to construct approximate 95% prediction intervals in nonstudy years. Such estimates have been unavailable and will be useful anywhere estimates of daily passage abundance at dams with bypasses are needed to manage migratory fishes. C1 [Plumb, John M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Plumb, John M.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Perry, RussellW.; Adams, Noah S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Plumb, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jplumb@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900] FX We thank Tim Wik and the staff of the U. S Army Corps of Engineers for their assistance in collecting the telemetry data at Lower Granite Dam. Gratitude is also extended to John Beeman, Scott Evans, Amy Hanson, Jamie Sprando, Patricia Harshman, and others at the Columbia River Research Laboratory for their assistance and dedication to the project. We thank Richard Zabel, David Hewitt, Steven Smith, Alex Fremier, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and improvements to earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Bonneville Power Administration funded project 199102900 to address RPAs 50.3 and 55.4 of the 2008 Biological Opinion. We thank Deborah Docherty for her efficient administration of the project, which provided us with more time for research. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1364 EP 1373 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.694828 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700018 ER PT J AU Homola, JJ Scribner, KT Elliott, RF Donofrio, MC Kanefsky, J Smith, KM McNair, JN AF Homola, Jared J. Scribner, Kim T. Elliott, Robert F. Donofrio, Michael C. Kanefsky, Jeannette Smith, Kregg M. McNair, James N. TI Genetically Derived Estimates of Contemporary Natural Straying Rates and Historical Gene Flow among Lake Michigan Lake Sturgeon Populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BAY-NATIONAL-PARK; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GREAT-LAKES; RIVER; HATCHERY; TROUT AB Natural rates of straying are difficult to quantify over large spatial scales using direct observations, particularly for long-lived fish species characterized by delayed sexual maturity and long interspawning intervals. Using multilocus microsatellite genotypes and likelihood-based statistical methods, we quantified rates of immigration and emigration for six genetically differentiated (mean F-ST = 0.041) lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens populations in Lake Michigan based on adults (n = 437) captured in tributaries during the spawning season. Estimated rates of straying were high (mean = 0.105), asymmetrical, and highly variable across populations. We found no significant association between the total length (a surrogate measure of age) of individuals that strayed and those that did not. Linear distance between streams was more predictive of straying rates and F-ST than least-cost distances estimated based on lakescape features (bathymetry and lake current patterns). Historical rates of gene flow estimated using coalescent analysis indicated a fully parameterized model with variable evolutionarily effective population sizes (theta; range, 0.684-0.989), and variable and nonsymmetrical migration rates best explained the genetic data. Comparatively high estimates of relative historical gene flow from several numerically depressed populations suggest that these populations were once larger contributors to basinwide gene flow than indicated by estimates of contemporary straying rates. High rates of interpopulation straying contrast with high F-ST, suggesting that straying rates are poor indicators of successful reproduction following dispersal. C1 [Homola, Jared J.; Scribner, Kim T.; Kanefsky, Jeannette] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Donofrio, Michael C.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. [Smith, Kregg M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Plainwell, MI 49080 USA. [Homola, Jared J.; McNair, James N.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Homola, JJ (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM homolaj@mail.gvsu.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust; Michigan State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources FX Samples were provided by participating coauthors and by T. Galarowicz, R. Damstra, and M. Holtgren. We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance in the laboratory provided by Kristi Filcek, Kristin Bott, and Patrick DeHaan. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Michigan State University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the agencies or funding organizations. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1388 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.694829 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700019 ER PT J AU Wirgin, I Maceda, L Waldman, JR Wehrell, S Dadswell, M King, T AF Wirgin, Isaac Maceda, Lorraine Waldman, John R. Wehrell, Sierra Dadswell, Michael King, Tim TI Stock Origin of Migratory Atlantic Sturgeon in Minas Basin, Inner Bay of Fundy, Canada, Determined by Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Analyses SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; ESTUARY; DELINEATION; REGION; RIVER; POWER AB Five distinct population segments of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus were recently listed (April 2012) as endangered or threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Atlantic sturgeon are anadromous, spawning occurs in rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the Satilla River, Georgia, and subadults and adults undertake extensive coastal migrations. Bycatch of Atlantic sturgeon in coastal fisheries may have resulted in the slowed or failed rebuilding of many populations despite the imposition of a U. S. federal moratorium on their harvest in 1998. Canada's Bay of Fundy hosts weir and trawl fisheries which bycatch Atlantic sturgeon of unknown origin. Additionally, tidal power development projects for the Bay of Fundy have been proposed which could detrimentally impact migratory sturgeon. We hypothesized that the Atlantic sturgeon that occur in Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy are of local Saint John River, New Brunswick, origin with little or no U. S. contribution. We used microsatellite DNA (11 loci) and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analysis along with previously determined characterizations of nine reference spawning populations to quantify their stock origin. We determined that the summer assemblage of Atlantic sturgeon collected within Minas Basin was of mixed origin, with a greater than 60% contribution from the nearby Saint John River but with a substantial (34-36%) contribution from the Kennebec River, Maine, and a smaller (1-2%) contribution from the Hudson River, New York. There was significant genetic heterogeneity between smaller (<130 cm) and larger individuals (>= 130 cm) in Minas Basin; however, the smaller specimens were not exclusively of proximal Saint John River origin. Our results indicate that Atlantic sturgeon of U. S. origin are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts in the Bay of Fundy, particularly those of Kennebec River origin. C1 [Wirgin, Isaac; Maceda, Lorraine] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Waldman, John R.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Wehrell, Sierra; Dadswell, Michael] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [King, Tim] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU New York Sea Grant [R/XG-20]; Molecular Facilities Core of NYU NIEHS Center [ES00260]; Nova Scotia Power Corporation; Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research, Acadia University; Ocean Tracking Network of the National Research Council of Canada; Northeast Region of NOAA-Fisheries; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center FX We acknowledge the support of New York Sea Grant (grant R/XG-20), the Molecular Facilities Core of NYU NIEHS Center (grant ES00260), the Nova Scotia Power Corporation, the Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research, Acadia University, the Ocean Tracking Network of the National Research Council of Canada, the Northeast Region of NOAA-Fisheries, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center. We thank Glanville Travis, Tony Lewis, and Rusty Wilcox, commercial fishermen of Minas Basin, who allowed us to board their trawlers or enter their weirs to sample sturgeon. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1398 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.700899 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700020 ER PT J AU Annett, B Gerlach, G King, TL Whiteley, AR AF Annett, Brendan Gerlach, Gabriele King, Timothy L. Whiteley, Andrew R. TI Conservation Genetics of Remnant Coastal Brook Trout Populations at the Southern Limit of Their Distribution: Population Structure and Effects of Stocking SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WILD; SOFTWARE; DISTANCE; DIFFERENTIATION; INTROGRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION AB We examined genetic variation within and among a group of remnant coastal brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations along the coast of the northeastern United States. These populations occur at the southern limits of anadromy for this species and could form the foundation of a restored anadromous metapopulation. We also tested for genetic introgression between these populations and the hatchery source that has been used to stock these sites. The overall F-ST for the natural populations at 12 microsatellite loci was 0.145 (95% confidence interval, 0.108-0.183), and D was 0.225 (0.208-0.243). On average, 94.6% of individuals were correctly assigned to the population where they were collected. Our results suggest that there is little gene flow even between geographically proximate populations. We found little evidence that repeated historic stocking from a known hatchery source has led to genetic introgression into these wild coastal brook trout populations. One hybrid individual appeared to be a backcross between an F-1 and a hatchery individual. Another hybrid individual could not be classified. Our results suggest that nonintrogressed and potentially locally adapted populations of brook trout persist in several small coastal New England streams. These populations should be the focus of future efforts to restore anadromous brook trout in this region. C1 [Whiteley, Andrew R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Annett, Brendan] Boston Univ, Marine Biol Lab, Marine Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gerlach, Gabriele] Marine Biol Lab, Marine Resources Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Whiteley, AR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM awhiteley@eco.umass.edu RI Gerlach, Gabriele/K-5919-2012 FU Southeast Massachusetts Chapter of Trout Unlimited; A.V. Stout Fund; Quebec Labrador Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX We are grateful to Steve Hurley, Ed Kraus, Jeff Breton, Gil Bergin, and a variety of volunteers for assistance with field collections. We thank Shannon Julian for genotyping DNA samples. Ivan Valiela and Simon Thorrold gave thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. C. Grimes and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank members of the Sea-Run Brook Trout Coalition for helpful discussions. Support for this work came from the Southeast Massachusetts Chapter of Trout Unlimited, the A.V. Stout Fund, the Quebec Labrador Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1399 EP 1410 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.694831 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700021 ER PT S AU Nelson, J Patschke, R Garon, H Ames, A Mott, C Mah, G Williams, J Joseph, J AF Nelson, James Patschke, Robert Garon, Howard Ames, Alan Mott, Claire Mah, Grant Williams, Jason Joseph, James GP IEEE TI Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Space to Ground Mission Data Architecture SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is a scientific endeavor to extend the longest continuous multi-spectral imaging record of Earth's land surface. The observatory consists of a spacecraft bus integrated with two imaging instruments; the Operational Land Imager (OLI), built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado, and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), an in-house instrument built at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Both instruments are integrated aboard a fine-pointing, fully redundant, spacecraft bus built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, Gilbert, Arizona. The mission is scheduled for launch in January 2013. This paper will describe the innovative end-to-end approach for efficiently managing high volumes of simultaneous real-time and playback of image and ancillary data from the instruments to the reception at the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat Ground Network (LGN) and International Cooperator (IC) ground stations. The core enabling capability lies within the spacecraft Command and Data Handling (C&DH) system and Radio Frequency (RF) communications system implementation. Each of these systems uniquely contribute to the efficient processing of high speed image data (up to 265Mbps) from each instrument, and provide virtually error free data delivery to the ground. On-board methods include a combination of lossless data compression, Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) data formatting, a file-based/managed Solid State Recorder (SSR), and Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction. The 440 Mbps wideband X-Band downlink uses Class 1 CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP), and an earth coverage antenna to deliver an average of 400 scenes per day to a combination of LGN and IC ground stations. This paper will also describe the integrated capabilities and processes at the LGN ground stations for data reception using adaptive filtering, and the mission operations approach from the LDCM Mission Operations Center (MOC) to perform the CFDP accounting, file retransmissions, and management of the autonomous features of the SSR. C1 [Nelson, James; Mah, Grant; Williams, Jason] USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mott, Claire; Joseph, James] Orbital Sci Corp, Gilbert, AZ 85233 USA. RP Nelson, J (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jnelson@usgs.gov; robert.w.patschke@nasa.gov; howard.garon@nasa.gov; ames.alan@orbital.com; mott.claire@orbital.com; mah@usgs.gov; jason@usgs.gov; joseph.james@orbital.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105304020 ER PT J AU Spiegel, JK Aemisegger, F Scholl, M Wienhold, FG Collett, JL Lee, T van Pinxteren, D Mertes, S Tilgner, A Herrmann, H Werner, RA Buchmann, N Eugster, W AF Spiegel, J. K. Aemisegger, F. Scholl, M. Wienhold, F. G. Collett, J. L., Jr. Lee, T. van Pinxteren, D. Mertes, S. Tilgner, A. Herrmann, H. Werner, R. A. Buchmann, N. Eugster, W. TI Stable water isotopologue ratios in fog and cloud droplets of liquid clouds are not size-dependent SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ICE-CORE; FRACTIONATION; EXCHANGE; PRECIPITATION; EVAPORATION; ISOTOPES; CLIMATE AB In this work, we present the first observations of stable water isotopologue ratios in cloud droplets of different sizes collected simultaneously. We address the question whether the isotope ratio of droplets in a liquid cloud varies as a function of droplet size. Samples were collected from a ground intercepted cloud (=fog) during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector (CASCC). An instrument test revealed that no artificial isotopic fractionation occurs during sample collection with the CASCC. Furthermore, we could experimentally confirm the hypothesis that the delta values of cloud droplets of the relevant droplet sizes (mu m-range) were not significantly different and thus can be assumed to be in isotopic equilibrium immediately with the surrounding water vapor. However, during the dissolution period of the cloud, when the supersaturation inside the cloud decreased and the cloud began to clear, differences in isotope ratios of the different droplet sizes tended to be larger. This is likely to result from the cloud's heterogeneity, implying that larger and smaller cloud droplets have been collected at different moments in time, delivering isotope ratios from different collection times. C1 [Spiegel, J. K.; Werner, R. A.; Buchmann, N.; Eugster, W.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aemisegger, F.; Wienhold, F. G.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Scholl, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Collett, J. L., Jr.; Lee, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [van Pinxteren, D.; Mertes, S.; Tilgner, A.; Herrmann, H.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. RP Eugster, W (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM eugsterw@ethz.ch RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Herrmann, Hartmut/C-2486-2009; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; OI Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Herrmann, Hartmut/0000-0001-7044-2101; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Scholl, Martha/0000-0001-6994-4614 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9855 EP 9863 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9855-2012 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400026 ER PT S AU Bridges, NT Muhs, DR AF Bridges, Nathan T. Muhs, Daniel R. BE Grotzinger, JP Milliken, RE TI DUSTSTONES ON MARS: SOURCE, TRANSPORT, DEPOSITION, AND EROSION SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY OF MARS SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE dust; loess; Mars; eolian processes; analogs ID LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; SIZED QUARTZ SILT; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; DESERT LOESS; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; LABORATORY SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Dust is an abundant material on Mars, and there is strong evidence that it is a contributor to the rock record as "duststone"," analogous in many ways to loess on Earth. Although a common suite of dust formation mechanisms has operated on the two planets, fundamental differences in environments and geologic histories have resulted in vastly different weighting functions, causing distinct depositional styles and erosional mechanisms. On Earth, dust is derived predominantly from glacial grinding and, in nonglacial environments, by other processes, such as volcanism, eolian abrasion, and fluvial comminution. Hydrological and biological processes convert dust accumulations to loess deposits. Active hydrology also acts to clean dust from the atmosphere and convert loess into soil or erode it entirely. On Mars, glacial production of dust has been minor, with most fine particles probably produced from ancient volcanic, impact, and fluvial processes. Dust is deposited under arid conditions in which aggregate growth and cementation are the stabilizing agents. Thick accumulations result in duststone. C1 [Bridges, Nathan T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, MP3-E171,11101 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jhuapl.edu RI Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 NR 117 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-312-8 J9 SOC SEDIMENT GEOL SP PY 2012 VL 102 BP 169 EP 182 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBY55 UT WOS:000308788500007 ER PT S AU Edgar, LA Grotzinger, JP Hayes, AG Rubin, DM Squyres, SW Bell, JF Herkenhoff, KE AF Edgar, Lauren A. Grotzinger, John P. Hayes, Alex G. Rubin, David M. Squyres, Steve W. Bell, James F. Herkenhoff, Ken E. BE Grotzinger, JP Milliken, RE TI STRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE OF BEDROCK REFERENCE SECTION, VICTORIA CRATER, MERIDIANI PLANUM, MARS SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY OF MARS SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mars; colian; cross-bedding; stratigraphy ID BURNS FORMATION; EREBUS CRATER; OPPORTUNITY; STRATIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; DIAGENESIS AB The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated bedrock outcrops exposed in several craters at Meridiani Planum, Mars, in an effort to better understand the role of surface processes in its geologic history. Opportunity has recently completed its observations of Victoria crater, which is 750 m in diameter and exposes cliffs up to similar to 15 m high. The plains surrounding Victoria crater are similar to 10 m higher in elevation than those surrounding the previously explored Endurance crater, indicating that the Victoria crater exposes a stratigmphically higher section than does the Endurance crater; however, Victoria strata overlap in elevation with the rocks exposed at the Erebus crater. Victoria crater has a well-developed geomorphic pattern of promontories and embayments that define the crater wall and that reveal thick bedsets (3-7 m) of large-scale cross-bedding, interpreted as fossil eolian dunes. Opportunity was able to drive into the crater at Duck Bay, located on the western margin of Victoria crater. Data from the Microscopic Imager and Panoramic Camera reveal details about the structures, textures, and depositional and diagenetic events that influenced the Victoria bedrock. A lithostratigraphic subdivision of bedrock units was enabled by the presence of a light-toned band that lines much of the upper rim of the crater. In ascending order, three stratigraphic units are named Lyell, Smith, and Steno; Smith is the light-toned band. In the Reference Section exposed along the ingress path at Duck Bay, Smith is interpreted to represent a zone of diagenetic recrystallization; however, its upper contact also coincides with a primary erosional surface. Elsewhere in the crater the diagenetic band crosscuts the physical stratigraphy. Correlation with strata present at nearby promontory Cape Verde indicates that there is an erosional surface at the base of the cliff face that corresponds to the erosional contact below Steno. The erosional contact at the base of Cape Verde lies at a lower elevation, but within the same plane as the contact below Steno, which indicates that the material above the erosional contact was built on significant depositional paleotopography. The eolian dune forms exposed in Duck Bay and Cape Verde, combined with the geometry of the erosional surface, indicate that these outcrops may be part of a larger-scale draa architecture. This insight is possible only as a result of the larger-scale exposures at Victoria crater, which significantly exceed the more limited exposures at the Erebus, Endurance, and Eagle craters. C1 [Edgar, Lauren A.; Grotzinger, John P.; Hayes, Alex G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Squyres, Steve W.; Bell, James F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Herkenhoff, Ken E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Edgar, LA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ledgar@caltech.edu RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-312-8 J9 SOC SEDIMENT GEOL SP PY 2012 VL 102 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBY55 UT WOS:000308788500009 ER PT J AU Roberts, NM Crimmins, SM Hamilton, DA Gallagher, E AF Roberts, Nathan M. Crimmins, Shawn M. Hamilton, David A. Gallagher, Elsa TI Implantation and Parturition Dates of North American River Otters, Lontra canadensis, in Southern Missouri SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE North American River Otter; Lontra canadensis; implantation; parturition; reproduction; Missouri ID AGE AB Despite numerous studies of reproductive dynamics of the North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis), relatively little information exists on the implantation or parturition dates of North American River Otters in the wild. We collected carcasses of North American River Otters that had been legally harvested in southern Missouri, USA, between 1997 and 1999 as part of a larger population dynamics study. Embryos (n = 28) were removed from a subset of North American River Otters (n = 9) during necropsy. Using harvest dates and crown rump length measurements of embryos, we estimated implantation dates, which ranged from 7 December to 12 January, and parturition dates, which ranged from 8 February to 15 March (assuming an implantation time of 63 days). Our results are similar to other studies that have reported parturition dates ranging from mid-January to early May in more extreme latitudes. Our results suggest that variation in implantation and parturition dates among populations are likely related to factors affected by latitude such as photoperiod and winter weather severity. C1 [Roberts, Nathan M.; Hamilton, David A.; Gallagher, Elsa] Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Roberts, Nathan M.; Hamilton, David A.; Gallagher, Elsa] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Crimmins, Shawn M.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Roberts, NM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Ave, Anchorage, AK USA. RI Crimmins, Shawn/M-1809-2013 FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri FX Support for this project was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation and the University of Missouri. We thank the many trappers who assisted this project by donating carcasses. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 126 IS 1 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 024FE UT WOS:000310094200005 ER PT S AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. BE Dmowska, R TI Phenomenology of Tsunamis II: Scaling, Event Statistics, and Inter-Event Triggering SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 53 SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Tsunami catalogs; Earthquake; Pareto size distribution; Power-law exponent ID CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKE DISTRIBUTION; SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; MOMENT-FREQUENCY RELATION; SEISMIC GAP HYPOTHESIS; INCOMPLETE DATA FILES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB Observations related to tsunami catalogs are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. An examination of scaling relationships between earthquake size (as expressed by scalar seismic moment and mean slip) and tsunami size (as expressed by mean and maximum local run-up and maximum far-field amplitude) indicates that scaling is significant at the 95% confidence level, although there is uncertainty in how well earthquake size can predict tsunami size (R-2 similar to 0.4-0.6). In examining tsunami event statistics, current methods used to estimate the size distribution of earthquakes and landslides and the inter-event time distribution of earthquakes are first reviewed. These methods are adapted to estimate the size and inter-event distribution of tsunamis at a particular recording station. Using a modified Pareto size distribution, the best-fit power-law exponents of tsunamis recorded at nine Pacific tide-gauge stations exhibit marked variation, in contrast to the approximately constant power-law exponent for inter-plate thrust earthquakes. With regard to the inter-event time distribution, significant temporal clustering of tsunami sources is demonstrated. For tsunami sources occurring in close proximity to other sources in both space and time, a physical triggering mechanism, such as static stress transfer, is a likely cause for the anomalous clustering. Mechanisms of earthquake-to-earthquake and earthquake-to-landslide triggering are reviewed. Finally, a modification of statistical branching models developed for earthquake triggering is introduced to describe triggering among tsunami sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 194 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 978-0-12-380938-4 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 53 BP 35 EP 92 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-380938-4.00002-1 PG 58 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BCD58 UT WOS:000309842700002 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Sutton, TM Patrick, HK Amberg, JJ AF Sepulveda, Maria S. Sutton, Trent M. Patrick, Holly K. Amberg, Jon J. TI Blood Chemistry Values for Shovelnose and Lake Sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS; ACIPENSER-NACCARII; HUSO-HUSO; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY; WHITE STURGEON; STRESS; RESPONSES; PERSICUS; SINENSIS AB Blood chemistry panels are commonly used for assessing the general health of vertebrate animals. Here, we present novel blood chemistry data for two North American sturgeon species, shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Measurements were done using a portable chemistry analyzer (VetScan Analyzer; Abaxis). Among the plasma values measured (mean +/- SD for shovelnose and lake sturgeon, respectively) were total proteins (3.7 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 0.4 g/dL), albumin (2.0 +/- 0.5 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 g/dL), globulin (1.7 +/- 0.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 g/dL), glucose (107 +/- 46 and 62 +/- 9.7 mg/dL), sodium (Na+; 132 +/- 3.6 and 150 +/- 14 mEq/L), potassium (K+; 3.5 +/- 0.2 and 2.8 +/- 1.7 mEq/L), phosphorus (10.4 +/- 1.9 and 11.6 +/- 3.6 mg/dL), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 676 +/- 433 and 634 +/- 234 IU/L). Higher values for total proteins, albumin, glucose, and Na+ in shovelnose sturgeon than in lake sturgeon probably are the result of handling stress. In addition, the plasma of male shovelnose sturgeon had higher concentrations of AST, glucose, and globulin than did that of females, whereas the plasma of females had higher concentrations of albumin and K+ than that of males. This study is the first to report blood chemistry data for shovelnose sturgeon. Robust blood chemistry databases can be used by aquaculturists and fish managers for monitoring sturgeon health. C1 [Sepulveda, Maria S.; Patrick, Holly K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University FX We thank all who participated in the collection and processing of the shovelnose sturgeon, especially T. Stefanovage, Reuben Goforth, and the staff of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and Purdue's Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. We also are thankful to J. Gadlage, A. Muir, and R. Mollenhauer for their assistance in the laboratory. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatchery at Genoa, Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Wild Rose State Fish Hatchery, and the Michigan DNR Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery for providing the hatchery-reared lake sturgeon and Purdy's Fishery (Point Edward, Ontario) for providing the wild-caught lake sturgeon. The experimental procedures used in this research were approved by the Purdue University Animal Care and Use Committee in protocol 04-109. The lake sturgeon component of this project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.675927 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 018YP UT WOS:000309704300001 PM 22870892 ER PT J AU Glenn, JA Emmenegger, EJ Grady, CA Roon, SR Gregg, JL Conway, CM Winton, JR Hershberger, PK AF Glenn, Jolene A. Emmenegger, Eveline J. Grady, Courtney A. Roon, Sean R. Gregg, Jacob L. Conway, Carla M. Winton, James R. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Kinetics of Viral Load and Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Formation in Pacific Herring Artificially Infected with Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUGET-SOUND; TRANSMISSION; HARENGUS; PISCINE; FISH AB Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) is a condition that affects marine and anadromous fish species, including herrings and salmonids, in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Infection is frequently associated with severe anemia and causes episodic mortality among wild and hatchery fish when accompanied by additional stressors; VEN can be presumptively diagnosed by (1) light microscopic identification of a single characteristic-a round, magenta-colored, 0.8-mu m-diameter inclusion body (IB) within the cytoplasm of erythrocytes and their precursors on Giemsa-stained blood films; or (2) observation (via transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) of the causative iridovirus, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), within erythrocytes or their precursors. To better understand the kinetics of VEN, specific-pathogen-free Pacific herring Clupea pallasii were infected with ENV by intraperitoneal injection. At 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 d postexposure, samples of blood, spleen, and kidney were collected and assessed (1) via light microscopy for the number of intracytoplasmic IBs in blood smears and (2) via TEM for the number of virions within erythrocytes. The mean prevalence of intracytoplasmic IBs in the blood cells increased from 0% at 0-4 d postexposure to 94% at 28 d postexposure. Viral load within circulating red blood cells peaked at 7 d postexposure, fell slightly, and then reached a plateau. However, blood cells observed within the kidney and spleen tissues demonstrated high levels of ENV between 14 and 28 d postexposure. The results indicate that the viral load within erythrocytes does not correlate well with IB prevalence and that the virus can persist in infected fish for more than 28 d. C1 [Glenn, Jolene A.; Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Grady, Courtney A.; Roon, Sean R.; Gregg, Jacob L.; Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Emmenegger, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eemmenegger@usgs.gov FU National Center for Research Resources (Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Program, National Institutes of Health) [RR-16455-04]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Images, electron microscopy services, and resources were provided by Jim Driver of the Electron Microscopy Facility, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula. The Electron Microscopy Facility is supported in part by Grant Number RR-16455-04 from the National Center for Research Resources (Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Program, National Institutes of Health). We thank Diane Elliott for consultations on the histological evaluation of TEM sections. Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (Project Number 070819) and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.676592 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 018YP UT WOS:000309704300009 PM 22897154 ER PT J AU Okubo, CH AF Okubo, Chris H. TI Geologic Map of Kalaupapa Peninsula, Moloka'i, Hawai'i, USA SO JOURNAL OF MAPS LA English DT Article DE Kalaupapa; Hawai'i; volcanism; lava tube AB Kalaupapa Peninsula, along the northern coast of East Moloka'i volcano, is a remarkably well-preserved example of rejuvenated-stage volcanism from a Hawaiian volcano. Mapping of lava flows, vents and other volcanic constructs reveals a diversity of landforms on this small monogenetic basaltic shield. The late-stage lava distributary system of this shield is dominated by a prominent lava channel and tube system emanating from the primary vent, Kauhak (o) over bar crater. This system, along with several smaller examples, fed five prominent rootless vents downslope from Kauhak (o) over bar. This map shows the subaerial part of this volcanic construct at 1:30,000 scale and encompasses an area of approximately 20.6 km(2). C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cokubo@usgs.gov FU Kalaupapa National Historic Park FX Careful and thorough reviews of this map by M. Dooley, S. Rowland, and an anonymous reviewer are sincerely appreciated. L. Kestay, J. Skinner, and J. Richie assisted with the USGS internal review of this publication (IP-037131). W. Halliday provided assistance in the field. This work was conducted under a scientific research permit granted by Kalaupapa National Historic Park. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-5647 J9 J MAPS JI J. Maps PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1080/17445647.2012.716751 PG 4 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA 016ZG UT WOS:000309557800009 ER PT J AU Allyn, AJ McKnight, A McGarigal, K Griffin, CR Kuletz, KJ Irons, DB AF Allyn, Andrew J. McKnight, Aly McGarigal, Kevin Griffin, Curtice R. Kuletz, Katherine J. Irons, David B. TI Relationships among Kittlitz's murrelet habitat use, temperature-depth profiles, and landscape features in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus brevirostris; Kittlitz's murrelet; Seabird habitat use; Conductivity-temperature depth meter; Temperature-depth profile; Water column profile; Glacial moraines; Case-controlled logistic regression ID BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; MARBLED MURRELETS; GLACIER BAY; SEABIRD; PATTERNS; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; GRADIENTS AB Although seabirds search large areas for food, their distributions often correlate with physical characteristics of the marine environment that can serve to aggregate prey. Kittlitz's murrelets Brachyramphus brevirostris are found almost exclusively in Alaskan waters, where they are closely associated with glacial fjords, suggesting that the distribution of this bird might be tightly linked to specific physical habitat characteristics of the fjords. We investigated relationships among locations used by Kittlitz's murrelets, water column characteristics, and landscape features in Harriman Fjord and Heather Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. In Harriman Fjord, Kittlitz's murrelets were observed in shallow water near upwelling areas, indicated by a cold-water wedge near the surface (similar to 10 m depth) in temperature-depth profiles. In Heather Bay, Kittlitz's murrelets used locations closer to the glacial moraine than the average available habitat. The temperature-depth profiles at these locations showed a cold, fresh surface layer (near surface to 5 m depth); however, the temperature-depth profile variable was statistically insignificant, likely because of small sample size. Although the best temperature-depth profile variables were dramatically different between the 2 fjords, both of these glacially influenced water column characteristics may serve to concentrate prey at an optimal depth, allowing Kittlitz's murrelets to focus their effort at predictable foraging locations. Given the widespread wasting of glaciers throughout their range, Kittlitz's murrelets may face increased pressure as changes in water column dynamics within glacial fjords affect the distribution and concentration of preferred prey. C1 [Allyn, Andrew J.; McGarigal, Kevin; Griffin, Curtice R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McKnight, Aly; Kuletz, Katherine J.; Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Allyn, AJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM aallyn@eco.umass.edu FU Earthwatch Institute; National Science Foundation-sponsored IGERT: Offshore Wind Energy, Engineering, Environmental Science and Policy [1068864] FX This work was funded by the Earthwatch Institute and partially supported by the National Science Foundation-sponsored IGERT: Offshore Wind Energy, Engineering, Environmental Science and Policy (Grant Number 1068864). The US Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management Program-Anchorage, AK, provided survey vessels and equipment. We thank A. Robbins and N. Nelson for their dedicated field support and help with data collection. Additionally, we thank the Earthwatch volunteers A. Adley, S. Arthur, D. Brindle, M. Rivera, D. Smith, R. Speer, and J. Stayner for their help with data collection. M. Leckie (University of Massachusetts) and J. Brigham-Grette (University of Massachusetts) provided helpful insight into interpreting temperature-depth profiles, and possible tidewater glacier mechanisms that could have caused the observed profiles. Two anonymous reviewers greatly enhanced the quality of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 466 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.3354/meps09916 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 020TS UT WOS:000309838100020 ER PT J AU Foster, MS McDiarmid, RW Chernoff, N AF Foster, Mercedes S. McDiarmid, Roy W. Chernoff, Neil BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Studying Reptile Diversity SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Foster, Mercedes S.; McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Chernoff, Neil] US EPA, Toxicol Assessment Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; mcdiarmr@si.edu; chernoff.neil@epa.gov; mcdiarmr@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu; chernoff.neil@epa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400003 ER PT J AU McDiarmid, RW AF McDiarmid, Roy W. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Reptile Diversity and Natural History: An Overview SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McDiarmid, RW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mcdiarmr@si.edu; mcdiarmr@si.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 7 EP 23 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400004 ER PT J AU Fisher, RN Foster, MS AF Fisher, Robert N. Foster, Mercedes S. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Study Design and Sampling SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fisher, Robert N.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Foster, Mercedes S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Fisher, RN (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Ave,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rfisher@usgs.gov; fosterm@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 27 EP 50 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400005 ER PT J AU Foster, MS Fisher, RN AF Foster, Mercedes S. Fisher, Robert N. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Dealing with Associated Data SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Foster, Mercedes S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov; fosterm@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 51 EP 76 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400006 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RP McDiarmid, RW AF Reynolds, Robert P. McDiarmid, Roy W. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Voucher Specimens SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reynolds, Robert P.; McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reynolds, RP (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM reynoldsrp@si.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400008 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Preparing Reptiles as Voucher Specimens SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 95 EP 125 PG 31 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400009 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Dealing with Live Reptiles SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 127 EP 141 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400010 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Tucker, AD AF Reed, Robert N. Tucker, Anton D. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Determining Age, Sex, and Reproductive Condition SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reed, Robert N.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov; tucker@mote.org NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 151 EP 163 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400012 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH AF Rodda, Gordon H. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Statistical Properties of Techniques and Validation SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Gordon_Rodda@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400014 ER PT J AU Foster, MS AF Foster, Mercedes S. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Standard Techniques for Inventory and Monitoring SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Foster, MS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM fosterm@si.edu; fosterm@si.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 205 EP 271 PG 67 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400015 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH AF Rodda, Gordon H. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Population Size and Demographics SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Rodda, GH (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Gordon_Rodda@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 283 EP 322 PG 40 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400017 ER PT J AU McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS AF McDiarmid, Roy W. Foster, Mercedes S. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Reptile Biodiversity: Where Do We Go from Here? SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [McDiarmid, Roy W.; Foster, Mercedes S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McDiarmid, RW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mcdiarmr@si.edu; mcdiarmr@si.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400019 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Rattner, BA AF Vyas, Nimish B. Rattner, Barnett A. TI Critique on the Use of the Standardized Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test for First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; first generation anticoagulant rodenticide; hazard; risk; standardized acute oral toxicity test ID NEW-YORK; DIPHACINONE; BRODIFACOUM; DIFENACOUM; TOXICOSIS; WILDLIFE; RAPTORS; DOG AB Avian risk assessments for rodenticides are often driven by the results of standardized acute oral toxicity tests without regards to a toxicant's mode of action and time course of adverse effects. First generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) generally require multiple feedings over several days to achieve a threshold concentration in tissue and cause adverse effects. This exposure regimen is much different than that used in the standardized acute oral toxicity test methodology. Median lethal dose values derived from standardized acute oral toxicity tests underestimate the environmental hazard and risk of FGARs. Caution is warranted when FGAR toxicity, physiological effects, and pharmacokinetics derived from standardized acute oral toxicity testing are used for forensic confirmation of the cause of death in avian mortality incidents and when characterizing FGARs' risks to free-ranging birds. C1 [Vyas, Nimish B.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nvyas@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.707934 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 012ZG UT WOS:000309274700008 ER PT J AU Gause, BR Trushenski, JT Bowzer, JC Bowker, JD AF Gause, Brian R. Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowzer, John C. Bowker, James D. TI Efficacy and Physiological Responses of Grass Carp to Different Sedation Techniques: I. Effects of Various Chemicals on Sedation and Blood Chemistry SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ATLANTIC SALMON; STRESS INDICATORS; CLOVE OIL; ANESTHESIA; GLUCOSE AB Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are commonly used as a low cost, biological control for aquatic vegetation in aquaculture ponds and other private and public waters. In order to minimize the risk of establishing self-sustaining populations in U. S. waters, many states now require grass carp be certified as triploid prior to sale and stocking. To facilitate ploidy testing, grass carp are typically sedated before collecting blood samples. Chemical sedatives such as tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are most commonly used to sedate fish, but there is increasing interest in other chemical sedatives such as benzocaine and eugenol. We evaluated time to induction to Stage IV sedation and recovery, survival, and postsedation blood chemistry of grass carp (301 +/- 8 g, mean +/- SE) sedated with MS-222 (150 mg/L), benzocaine (150 mg/L), eugenol (60 mg/L), or CO2 (similar to 400 mg/L). Induction times for all sedatives excluding CO2 (14.9 min) were less than 2.4 min (range, 1.5-2.4 min). Average recovery time after induction was 5.8 min (range, 2.8-8.3 min) excluding benzocaine, which had a recovery time of 15.4 min. Survival was high and unaffected by sedative option. Plasma cortisol and lactate levels peaked between 0.5 and 1 h postinduction before returning to resting levels at 6 h postinduction. No obvious changes were observed in blood glucose or hematocrit. Each of the sedatives was effective in sedating grass carp, and though changes in blood chemistry indicated that an acute stress response occurred, the response was transient. Although each of the evaluated sedatives would facilitate ploidy testing, some strategies may be more appropriate than others based on FDA approval status and access to the sedative compound, handling time, withdrawal period, and on-site conditions and resources. C1 [Gause, Brian R.; Trushenski, Jesse T.; Bowzer, John C.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.691013 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014OR UT WOS:000309385900019 ER PT J AU Bowzer, JC Trushenski, JT Gause, BR Bowker, JD AF Bowzer, John C. Trushenski, Jesse T. Gause, Brian R. Bowker, James D. TI Efficacy and Physiological Responses of Grass Carp to Different Sedation Techniques: II. Effect of Pulsed DC Electricity Voltage and Exposure Time on Sedation and Blood Chemistry SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; STRESS INDICATORS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANESTHESIA; FISH AB Owing to the current absence of an approved "immediate-release" chemical sedative for use on fish, researchers have been exploring alternative methods that would allow treated fish to be released immediately after sedation, including the use of electrosedation. To address the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated induction and recovery times, survival, and postsedation hematology of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (291 +/- 6.7 g, 30.6 +/- 0.3 cm TL, mean +/- SE) sedated by exposure to 100, 150, or 200 V of pulsed DC (30 Hz and 25% duty cycle) for 5 or 10 s. Regardless of voltage strength or exposure time, all fish were sedated to Stage IV sedation within 0.75 min and recovered within 1.5 min. Although recovery times for fish exposed to electrosedation for 10 s were longer than those for fish electrosedated for 5 s using 100 and 150 V, the opposite trend was observed among fish sedated using 200 V. Overall, induction and recovery times were short: total time elapsed from induction to full recovery ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 min (mean, 1.6 min). No mortalities were observed 24 h postsedation. Hematological changes observed were consistent with an acute stress response, but these effects were transient and few differences were observed among the electrosedation protocols used. Our results indicate that pulsed DC electrosedation is an effective strategy for quickly and easily sedating grass carp. C1 [Bowzer, John C.; Trushenski, Jesse T.; Gause, Brian R.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Room 173, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 4 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.690830 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014OR UT WOS:000309385900020 ER PT J AU Love, JW Newhard, JJ AF Love, Joseph W. Newhard, Joshua J. TI Will the Expansion of Northern Snakehead Negatively Affect the Fishery for Largemouth Bass in the Potomac River (Chesapeake Bay)? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHANNA-ARGUS; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; AQUATIC VEGETATION; NATURAL MORTALITY; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; INVASION; MODEL; PREDATION AB A modeling study was conducted to determine if the expansion of invasive northern snakehead Channa argus could negatively affect the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides population size in Potomac River (Chesapeake Bay). Current distributions for both species were generated using catch records. Northern snakehead was not widely distributed during the study period and occurred mainly in upstream areas of tributaries. Many of these areas were moderately or highly suitable habitats for largemouth bass. Of sites where juvenile largemouth bass were collected, 10.6% were associated with northern snakehead. Using population modeling and measured predator-prey interactions, we determined that this level of co-occurrence would result in a 3.8% reduction in largemouth bass population size. This prediction is consistent with current observations that indicate there has not been a negative trend in the largemouth bass fishery. As co-occurrence was increased in the model, however, the negative impact of northern snakehead on largemouth bass monotonically increased. The time required for such increases in northern snakehead distribution is not known. If northern snakehead continues to expand its range in the absence of control measures, then our population model, with its assumptions, predicts a 35.5% reduction in the abundance of largemouth bass in the Potomac River. C1 [Love, Joseph W.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Newhard, Joshua J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, 580 Taylor Ave, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM jlove@dnr.state.md.us NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 78 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.703160 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200007 ER PT J AU Nutile, S Amberg, JJ Sepulveda, MS Goforth, RR AF Nutile, Sam Amberg, Jon J. Sepulveda, Maria S. Goforth, Reuben R. TI Effects of Multiple Electrical Field Exposures on Cyprinid Embryo Survival SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTROPORATION; ELECTROSHOCKING; ZEBRAFISH AB The effects of electricity on fish embryo survival during sampling events have been previously researched, demonstrating that survival is affected by voltage gradient, current type, exposure duration, developmental stage, and egg diameter. However, the effects of multiple electrical field exposures on fish embryos, such as during sampling depletions, have not been investigated. We conducted multiple electrical field exposures over a range of voltage gradients and resting intervals to determine potential effects on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos during epiboly. However, multiple electrical field exposures had no effect on zebrafish embryo survival, and the only factor to significantly decrease survival regardless of the number of exposures was a voltage gradient of 16 V/cm. Since zebrafish are widely used as model cyprinids, our results suggest that multiple electrical field exposures during electrofishing depletions are not likely to significantly increase cyprinid fish embryo mortality. C1 [Nutile, Sam; Sepulveda, Maria S.; Goforth, Reuben R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Amberg, Jon J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Goforth, RR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rgoforth@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014; Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010 OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 875 EP 879 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.699017 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200009 ER PT J AU Meerbeek, JR Bettoli, PW AF Meerbeek, Jonathan R. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Relying on Fin Erosion to Identify Hatchery-Reared Brown Trout in a Tennessee River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB Hatchery-induced fin erosion can be used to identify recently stocked catchable-size brown trout Salmo trutta during annual surveys to qualitatively estimate contributions to a fishery. However, little is known about the longevity of this mark and its effectiveness as a short-term (<= 1 year) mass-marking technique. We evaluated hatchery-induced pectoral fin erosion as a mass-marking technique for short-term stocking evaluations by stocking microtagged brown trout in a tailwater and repeatedly sampling those fish to observe and measure their pectoral fins. At Dale Hollow National Fish Hatchery, 99.1% (228 of 230) of microtagged brown trout in outdoor concrete raceways had eroded pectoral fins 1 d prior to stocking. Between 34 and 68 microtagged and 26-35 wild brown trout were collected during eight subsequent electrofishing samples. In a blind test based on visual examination of pectoral fins at up to 322 d poststocking, one observer correctly identified 91.7% to 100.0% (mean of 96.9%) of microtagged brown trout prior to checking for microtags. In the laboratory, pectoral fin length and width measurements were recorded to statistically compare the fin measurements of wild and microtagged hatchery brown trout. With only one exception, all pectoral fin measurements on each date averaged significantly larger for wild trout than for microtagged brown trout. Based on the number of pectoral fin measurements falling below 95% prediction intervals, 93.7% (148 of 158) of microtagged trout were correctly identified as hatchery fish based on regression models up to 160 d poststocking. Only 72.2% (70 of 97) of microtagged trout were identified correctly after 160 d based on pectoral fin measurements and the regression models. We concluded that visual examination of pectoral fin erosion was a very effective way to identify stocked brown trout for up to 322 d poststocking. C1 [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Meerbeek, Jonathan R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Meerbeek, JR (reprint author), Iowa Dept Nat Resources, 122 252nd Ave, Spirit Lake, IA 51360 USA. EM jonathan.meerbeek@dnr.iowa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 922 EP 928 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.692350 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200013 ER PT J AU Alexiades, AV Peacock, MM Al-Chokhachy, R AF Alexiades, Alexander V. Peacock, Mary M. Al-Chokhachy, Robert TI Movement Patterns, Habitat Use, and Survival of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in the Truckee River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; STREAM FISH; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ICE PROCESSES; VITAL-RATES; BROWN TROUT; BULL TROUT; POPULATION; WINTER AB Habitat fragmentation, hybridization, and competition with nonnative salmonids are viewed as major threats to Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi. Understanding Lahontan cutthroat trout behavior and survival is a necessary step in the reintroduction and establishment of naturally reproducing populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout. We used weekly radiotelemetry monitoring to examine movement patterns, habitat use, and apparent survival of 42 hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout in a 16.5-km stretch of the Truckee River, Nevada, across three reaches separated by barriers to upstream movement. We found differences in total movement distances and home range sizes of fish in different reaches within our study area. Fish used pool habitats more than fast water habitats in all reaches. Time of year, stream temperature, and fish standard length covariates had the strongest relationship with apparent survival. Monthly apparent survival was lowest in January, which coincided with the lowest flows and temperatures during the study period. Our results verify the mobility of Lahontan cutthroat trout and indicate that conditions during winter may limit the survival and reintroduction success in the portions of the Truckee River evaluated in this study. C1 [Alexiades, Alexander V.; Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Alexiades, Alexander V.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Al-Chokhachy, Robert] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Alexiades, AV (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ava29@cornell.edu FU Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reno, Nevada FX Tim Loux, Jay Bigelow, Roger Peka, Erik Hoergen, and James Hoang (USFWS) provided assistance in the field and hatchery. Funding for this project was provided by the Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reno, Nevada. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 974 EP 983 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.711272 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200019 ER PT J AU Whiting, JC Olson, DD Shannon, JM Bowyer, RT Klaver, RW Flinders, JT AF Whiting, Jericho C. Olson, Daniel D. Shannon, Justin M. Bowyer, R. Terry Klaver, Robert W. Flinders, Jerran T. TI Timing and synchrony of births in bighorn sheep: implications for reintroduction and conservation SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE birthing period; Ovis canadensis; parturition; restoration; translocation ID SATELLITE SENSOR DATA; OVIS-CANADENSIS; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; RED DEER; REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; LAMBING PERIOD; ALASKAN MOOSE; DALLS SHEEP; TIME-SERIES AB Context. Timing (mean birthdate) and synchrony (variance around that date) of births can influence survival of young and growth in ungulate populations. Some restored populations of ungulates may not adjust these life-history characteristics to environments of release sites until several years after release, which may influence success of reintroductions. Aims. We quantified timing and synchrony of births from 2005 to 2007 in four populations of reintroduced bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) occupying two ecoregions (Central Basin and Range and Wasatch and Uinta Mountains) in Utah, USA, to investigate whether bighorns would adjust these life-history characteristics to environmental conditions of the two ecoregions. We also compared timing and synchrony of births for bighorns in their source herd (Antelope Island) with bighorns in an ecologically similar release site (Stansbury Mountains) during 2006 and 2007. Methods. We relocated female bighorns to record birthdates of young, and observed groups of collared bighorns to quantify use of elevation by those ungulates. We also calculated the initiation, rate and timing of peak green-up by ecoregion, using the normalised difference vegetation index. Key results. We quantified 274 birthdates, and although only separated by 57 km, bighorn populations occupying the Central Basin and Range Mountains gave birth an average of 29 days earlier than did those on the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, which corresponded with the initiation of vegetation green-up. Additionally, bighorn sheep on the Stansbury Mountains (ecologically similar release site) gave birth at similar times as did bighorns on Antelope Island (source area). Conclusions. Populations of bighorn sheep that were reintroduced into adjacent ecoregions adjusted timing of births to environments and green-up of vegetation in restoration areas. Timing and synchrony of births for reintroduced bighorn sheep in an ecologically similar release site were the same as those of their source area. Implications. Consideration should be given to the adjustment of timing and synchrony of births when reintroducing bighorns, especially when animals are released into different ecoregions. Also, biologists should select release sites that are ecologically similar to source areas, thereby reducing potential negative effects of animals adjusting timing and synchrony of births to environmental conditions of restoration areas. C1 [Olson, Daniel D.; Shannon, Justin M.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Whiting, Jericho C.; Bowyer, R. Terry] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Whiting, JC (reprint author), Gonzales Stoller Surveillance, 120 Technology Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. EM jwhiting@gssif.com FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah Chapter of the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep; USA Department of Defence; Utah State Parks FX This study was supported by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, the Utah Chapter of the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep, USA Department of Defence and Utah State Parks. We thank T. Smith, L. Chase, J. Oyster, K. Sproat and L. Davis for their assistance with this study. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. We also thank V. Bleich for reviewing this manuscript. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 43 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1071/WR12059 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 013AB UT WOS:000309276800002 ER PT J AU Gorman, OT Yule, DL Stockwell, JD AF Gorman, Owen T. Yule, Daniel L. Stockwell, Jason D. TI Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; fish communities; diel migration; habitat linkages; habitat coupling ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; VERTICAL MIGRATION; FOOD-WEB; MYSIS-RELICTA; FEEDING PERIODICITY; PELAGIC COMMUNITY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CARBON FLUX; ZOOPLANKTON; TROUT AB Diel patterns of distribution of fishes in nearshore (15-80 m depth) and offshore (>80 m) waters of the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were described using bottom trawls, mid-water trawls, and acoustic gear during day and night sampling. These data revealed three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic strata and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deeper waters in the day to shallower waters at night while remaining within the benthopelagic stratum. Most fishes that did not exhibit diel migration showed increased nighttime densities as a result of increased activity and movement from benthic to benthopelagic strata. Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax), Cisco (Coregonus artedi), Bloater (C. hoyi), Kiyi (C. kiyi), juvenile Trout-Perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus), and adult siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) exhibited DVM. Lake Whitefish (C. clupeaformis), lean Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush), and juvenile siscowet exhibited DBM. Adult Trout-Perch and adult Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) exhibited a mixture of DBM and DVM. Burbot (Lota lota), Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus), Spoonhead Sculpin (C. ricei), and Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) did not exhibit diel migration, but showed evidence of increased nocturnal activity. Ninespine Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) exhibited a mixture of DVM and non-migration. Juvenile Pygmy Whitefish did not show a diel change in density or depth distribution. Species showing ontogenetic shifts in depth distribution with larger, adult life stages occupying deeper waters included, Rainbow Smelt, lean and siscowet Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish, Pygmy Whitefish, Ninespine Stickleback and Trout-Perch. Of these species, siscowet also showed an ontogenetic shift from primarily DBM as juveniles to primarily DVM as adults. Across all depths, fishes expressing DVM accounted for 73% of the total estimated community areal biomass (kg ha(-1)) while those expressing DBM accounted for 25% and non-migratory species represented 2% of the biomass. The proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DVM increased with depth, from 59% to 95% across <= 30 m to > 90 m depth zones. Along the same depth gradient, the proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DBM declined from 40% to 1%, while non-migrators increased from 1% to 4%. These results indicate that DVM and DBM behaviors are pervasive in the Lake Superior fish community and potentially provide strong linkages that effect coupling of benthic and pelagic and nearshore and offshore habitats. C1 [Gorman, Owen T.; Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, Montpelier, VT 05401 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM otgorman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank our USGS technicians Lori Evrard, Jill Falck and Gary Cholwek who oversaw collection and processing of many trawl samples. Thanks also to Lori Evrard for data entry and providing trawl-based data summaries and to Laura Graf for providing editorial assistance in preparing the manuscript. We also need to thank the many Northland College students that helped with various phases of the study, especially Michael Keiran, Zebadiah and Zachariah Woiak, and Kari Kudick. David Bunnell, Thomas Hrabik, Martin Stapanian, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This work was supported by funds from the U.S. Geological Survey. This article is Contribution 1693 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 333 EP 354 DI 10.1080/14634988.2012.715972 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 010YE UT WOS:000309129600014 ER PT J AU Gorman, OT Yule, DL Stockwell, JD AF Gorman, Owen T. Yule, Daniel L. Stockwell, Jason D. TI Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; fish communities; diel migration ID AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP.; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PREY SELECTION; MYSIS-RELICTA; COMMUNITY; TROUT; ECOSYSTEMS; MICHIGAN AB Diel migration patterns of fishes in nearshore (15-80 m depth) and offshore (>80 m) waters of Lake Superior were examined to assess the potential for diel migration to link benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats. In our companion article, we described three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no diel migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic positions and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deep to shallow waters at night. Fishes not exhibiting diel migration typically showed increased activity by moving from benthic to benthopelagic positions within demersal habitat. The distribution and biomass of fishes in Lake Superior was characterized by examining 704 bottom trawl samples collected between 2001 and 2008 from four depth zones: <= 40, 41-80, 81-160, and > 160 m. Diel migration behaviors of fishes described in our companion article were applied to estimates of areal biomass (kg ha(-1)) for each species by depth zone. The relative strength of diel migrations were assessed by applying lake area to areal biomass estimates for each species by depth zone to yield estimates of lake-wide biomass (metric tonnes). Overall, species expressing DVM accounted for 83%, DBM 6%, and non-migration 11% of the total lake-wide community biomass. In nearshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 74% of the biomass, DBM 25%, and non-migration 1%. In offshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 85%, DBM 1%, and non-migration 14% of the biomass. Of species expressing DVM, 83% of total biomass occurred in offshore waters. Similarly, 97% of biomass of non-migrators occurred in offshore waters while 83% of biomass of species expressing DBM occurred in nearshore waters. A high correlation (R-2 = 0.996) between lake area and community biomass by depth zone resulted in 81% of the lake-wide biomass occurring in offshore waters. Accentuating this nearshore-offshore trend was one of increasing estimated total areal biomass of the fish community with depth zone, which ranged from 13.71 kg ha(-1) at depths <= 40 m to 18.81 kg ha(-1) at depths > 160 m, emphasizing the importance of the offshore fish community to the lake ecosystem. The prevalence of diel migration expressed by Lake Superior fishes increases the potential of fish to link benthic and pelagic and shallow and deepwater habitats. These linkages enhance the potential for habitat coupling, a condition where habitats become interconnected and interdependent through transfers of energy and nutrients. Habitat coupling facilitates energy and nutrient flow through a lake ecosystem, thereby increasing productivity, especially in large lakes where benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats are often well separated. We propose that the application of biomass estimates to patterns of diel migration in fishes can serve as a useful metric for assessing the potential for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in lake ecosystems, and provide an important indicator of ecosystem health and function. The decline of native Lake Trout and ciscoes and recent declines in exotic Alewife and Rainbow Smelt populations in other Great Lakes have likely reduced the capacity for benthic-pelagic coupling in these systems compared to Lake Superior. We recommend comparing the levels and temporal changes in diel migration in other Great Lakes as a means to assess changes in the relative health and function of these ecosystems. C1 [Gorman, Owen T.; Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, Montpelier, VT 05401 USA. RP Gorman, OT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lake Shore Dr E, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM otgorman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This article would not have been possible without the help of many people dedicated to revealing the wonders of Lake Superior. We need to tribute our USGS technicians Lori Evrard, Jill Falck and Gary Cholwek who oversaw collection and processing of many trawl samples. Thanks also to Lori Evrard for data entry and providing trawl-based data summaries, and to Laura Graf for providing editorial assistance in preparing the manuscript. We also need to thank the many Northland College interns that helped with various phases of the study, especially Michael Keiran, Zebadiah and Zachariah Woiak, and Kari Kudick. David Bunnell, Thomas Hrabik, Martin Stapanian, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This work was supported by funds from the U.S. Geological Survey. This article is Contribution 1694 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1080/14634988.2012.711664 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 010YE UT WOS:000309129600015 ER PT S AU Hughes, AG van Wonderen, JJ Rees, JG Seymour, KJ Manful, D Karl, H AF Hughes, A. G. van Wonderen, J. J. Rees, J. G. Seymour, K. J. Manful, D. Karl, H. BE Shepley, MG Whiteman, MI Hulme, PJ Grout, MW TI How to get your model results used: a guide to stakeholder engagement SO GROUNDWATER RESOURCES MODELLING: A CASE STUDY FROM THE UK SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE AB The usage of modelling results by their intended audience is an important aspect of undertaking any project. However, providing the appropriate results in the correct way to key stakeholders is not a straightforward task. Fortunately, there is a growing body of work about approaching the engagement of stakeholders in a way to maximize the impact of modelling results. Using the lessons learnt from a number of recent workshops, including those conducted for the benefits realization process undertaken for the Environment Agency of England and Wales, suggestions for best practice are presented and their relative merits discussed. Best practice for getting groundwater modelling results used by their intended audience is proposed. C1 [Hughes, A. G.; Rees, J. G.] BGS Keyworth Dinglesy Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5EP, Notts, England. [van Wonderen, J. J.] Mott MacDonald, Cambridge CB1 2RS, England. [Seymour, K. J.] Environm Agcy, Warrington WA4 1HT, Cheshire, England. [Manful, D.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Karl, H.] MIT, US Geol Survey, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hughes, AG (reprint author), BGS Keyworth Dinglesy Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5EP, Notts, England. EM aghug@bgs.ac.uk NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-344-8 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 364 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1144/SP364.4 D2 10.1144/SP364.0 PG 10 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BBX40 UT WOS:000308560100006 ER PT J AU Schoenebeck, CW Brown, ML Chipps, SR German, DR AF Schoenebeck, Casey W. Brown, Michael L. Chipps, Steven R. German, David R. TI Nutrient and algal responses to winterkilled fish-derived nutrient subsidies in eutrophic lakes SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bioassays; common carp; fish-derived nutrient subsidies; nutrient limitation; phytoplankton; winterkill ID PHOSPHORUS RELEASE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BOREAL LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; LIMNOLOGY AB Schoenebeck CW, Brown ML, Chipps SR, German DR. 2012. Nutrient and algal responses to winterkilled fish-derived nutrient subsidies in eutrophic lakes. Lake Reserv Manage. 28:189-199. Fishes inhabiting shallow, glacial lakes of the Prairie Pothole Region in the United States and Canada periodically experience hypoxia in severe winters that can lead to extensive fish mortality resulting in high biomasses of dead fish. However, the role of carcass-derived nutrient subsidies in shallow, eutrophic lakes translocated to pelagic primary producers is not well documented. This study quantified the influence of winterkill events on nutrient contributions from decaying fish carcasses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the phytoplankton response among pre- and postwinterkill years and compared seasonal patterns of nutrient limitation and phytoplankton community composition between winterkill and nonwinterkill lakes. We found that fish carcasses contributed an estimated 2.5-4.3 kg/ha of total (Kjeldahl) nitrogen (N) and 0.3-0.5 kg/ha of total phosphorus (P) to lakes that experienced winterkill conditions. Nutrient bioassays showed that winterkill lakes were primarily N limited, congruent with the low N: P ratios produced by fish carcasses corrected for the disproportionate release of N and P (8.6). Nutrient subsidies translocated from decomposed fish to pelagic primary producers seemed to have little immediate influence on the seasonal phytoplankton community composition, but total N and subsequent chlorophyll-a increased the year following the winterkill event. Cyanobacteria density varied seasonally but was higher in winterkill lakes, presumably due to the integration of nutrients released from fish decomposition. This study provides evidence that large inputs of autochthonous fish-derived nutrients contribute to nutrient availability within winterkilled systems and increase the maximum attainable biomass of the phytoplankton community. C1 [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [German, David R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Schoenebeck, CW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, 2401 11th Ave, Kearney, NE 68847 USA. EM schoenebeccw@unk.edu FU US Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; Wildlife Management Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act Study 1513 [F-15-R-42]; USGS South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Management and Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University FX The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota State University, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.; D. James, M. Fincel, and M. Weber provided comments that improved a previous version of this manuscript. We thank G. Douglas, C. Funk, and N. Siepker for laboratory assistance and M. Hennen and D. Lucchesi for field assistance. Partial funding for this project was provided by through the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act Study 1513 (Project F-15-R-42) administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. This study was supported, in part, by USGS South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Department of Natural Resource Management and Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0743-8141 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1080/07438141.2012.693574 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 008UK UT WOS:000308981900002 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Crane, PA Eiler, JH Beacham, TD Decovich, NA Templin, WD Schlei, OL Wenburg, JK AF Flannery, Blair G. Crane, Penny A. Eiler, John H. Beacham, Terry D. Decovich, Nick A. Templin, William D. Schlei, Ora L. Wenburg, John K. TI Comparison of Radiotelemetry and Microsatellites for Determining the Origin of Yukon River Chinook Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH WHEEL CAPTURE; CHUM SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ALASKA; PROPORTIONS; FISHERIES; DISTANCE; US AB Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha support important subsistence and commercial fisheries throughout the Yukon River. Low returns and diverse user groups have made management of these fisheries contentious and have necessitated information on the origin of the spawning migration and harvest. Here we compare estimates of individual assignment and stock composition derived from genetic and radiotelemetry data collected from the same Chinook salmon. Radiotelemetry and genetic individual assignments were highly concordant. Agreement between methods for individual assignment was 79% to region and 93% to country when using the most probable genetic criterion, improving to 94% for region and 98% for country when using the >= 95% probability genetic criterion; however, under the more stringent criterion, fewer individuals could be assigned. Further analysis showed that estimates of stock composition based on radiotelemetry and genetic methods were within 6% of each other and were not significantly different. The concordance between estimates of individual assignment and stock composition from the radiotelemetry and genetic methods indicates that both methods are credible tools for fishery assessment of Yukon River Chinook salmon. C1 [Flannery, Blair G.; Crane, Penny A.; Schlei, Ora L.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Eiler, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beacham, Terry D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Mol Genet Lab, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Decovich, Nick A.; Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.686954 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 006CO UT WOS:000308797200004 ER PT J AU Syracuse, EM Holt, RA Savage, MK Johnson, JH Thurber, CH Unglert, K Allan, KN Karaliyadda, S Henderson, M AF Syracuse, E. M. Holt, R. A. Savage, M. K. Johnson, J. H. Thurber, C. H. Unglert, K. Allan, K. N. Karaliyadda, S. Henderson, M. TI Temporal and spatial evolution of hypocentres and anisotropy from the Darfield aftershock sequence: implications for fault geometry and age SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aftershocks; earthquake locations; anisotropy; faults; multiplets; stress ID W 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH; DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; NEW-ZEALAND; FOCAL MECHANISMS; EARTHQUAKE; STRESS; CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY; CANTERBURY; RELOCATION AB The first four months of aftershocks of the Darfield earthquake have been studied using data from temporary and permanent seismic stations to investigate the fault geometry, stress field and evolution of seismicity and seismic properties. Earthquake relocations illuminate fault segments and show that the majority of aftershocks occurred beyond the areas of highest slip during the Darfield earthquake. Seismic anisotropy shows a mixture of fast directions parallel to the maximum horizontal stress and fault-parallel fast directions. This, combined with the lack of observable growth of seismicity along fault segments, suggests that the Greendale Fault broke a pre-existing fault plane. C1 [Syracuse, E. M.; Thurber, C. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Holt, R. A.; Savage, M. K.; Johnson, J. H.; Unglert, K.; Allan, K. N.; Karaliyadda, S.; Henderson, M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Inst Geophys, Wellington, New Zealand. [Unglert, K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Henderson, M.] GNS Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Johnson, J. H.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Volcano Observ, US Geol Survey, Hilo, HI USA. RP Syracuse, EM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM syracuse@geology.wisc.edu RI Savage, Martha/F-1857-2011; Johnson, Jessica/N-1113-2015; OI Savage, Martha/0000-0002-2080-0676; Johnson, Jessica/0000-0003-3628-6402; Syracuse, Ellen/0000-0002-8145-8480; Unglert, Katharina/0000-0002-1681-0409 FU New Zealand Earthquake Commission; National Science Foundation; GNS Science FX This work was funded by grants from the New Zealand Earthquake Commission, the National Science Foundation and GNS Science. GNS Science Wairakei, University of Auckland and PASSCAL provided instrumentation. Field assistants included A Zaino, J Eccles, K Jacobs, C Boese, R Davy, A Wech, N Lord and A Carrizales. Z Rawlinson, J Townend, P Malin and B Fry helped plan station locations. Arrivals were determined by GeoNet processors for permanent stations and by the authors, P Skorstengaard, R Hart and G Potaka for temporary stations. We also thank the editor and reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8306 EI 1175-8791 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PY 2012 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1080/00288306.2012.690766 PG 7 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 998OS UT WOS:000308250600015 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Christensen, TR Hayes, D Heroult, A Euskirchen, E Kimball, JS Koven, C Lafleur, P Miller, PA Oechel, W Peylin, P Williams, M Yi, Y AF McGuire, A. D. Christensen, T. R. Hayes, D. Heroult, A. Euskirchen, E. Kimball, J. S. Koven, C. Lafleur, P. Miller, P. A. Oechel, W. Peylin, P. Williams, M. Yi, Y. TI An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra: comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PERMAFROST CARBON; PLANT GEOGRAPHY; CYCLE; FEEDBACKS; DIOXIDE AB Although Arctic tundra has been estimated to cover only 8% of the global land surface, the large and potentially labile carbon pools currently stored in tundra soils have the potential for large emissions of carbon (C) under a warming climate. These emissions as radiatively active greenhouse gases in the form of both CO2 and CH4 could amplify global warming. Given the potential sensitivity of these ecosystems to climate change and the expectation that the Arctic will experience appreciable warming over the next century, it is important to assess whether responses of C exchange in tundra regions are likely to enhance or mitigate warming. In this study we compared analyses of C exchange of Arctic tundra between 1990 and 2006 among observations, regional and global applications of process-based terrestrial biosphere models, and atmospheric inversion models. Syntheses of flux observations and inversion models indicate that the annual exchange of CO2 between Arctic tundra and the atmosphere has large uncertainties that cannot be distinguished from neutral balance. The mean estimate from an ensemble of process-based model simulations suggests that Arctic tundra has acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2 in recent decades, but based on the uncertainty estimates it cannot be determined with confidence whether these ecosystems represent a weak or a strong sink. Tundra was 0.6 A degrees C warmer in the 2000s compared to the 1990s. The central estimates of the observations, process-based models, and inversion models each identify stronger sinks in the 2000s compared with the 1990s. Some of the process models indicate that this occurred because net primary production increased more in response to warming than heterotrophic respiration. Similarly, the observations and the applications of regional process-based models suggest that CH4 emissions from Arctic tundra have increased from the 1990s to 2000s because of the sensitivity of CH4 emissions to warmer temperatures. Based on our analyses of the estimates from observations, process-based models, and inversion models, we estimate that Arctic tundra was a sink for atmospheric CO2 of 110 Tg C yr(-1) (uncertainty between a sink of 291 Tg C yr(-1) and a source of 80 Tg C yr(-1)) and a source of CH4 to the atmosphere of 19 Tg C yr(-1) (uncertainty between sources of 8 and 29 Tg C yr(-1)). The suite of analyses conducted in this study indicate that it is important to reduce uncertainties in the observations, process-based models, and inversions in order to better understand the degree to which Arctic tundra is influencing atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. The reduction of uncertainties can be accomplished through (1) the strategic placement of more CO2 and CH4 monitoring stations to reduce uncertainties in inversions, (2) improved observation networks of ground-based measurements of CO2 and CH4 exchange to understand exchange in response to disturbance and across gradients of climatic and hydrological variability, and (3) the effective transfer of information from enhanced observation networks into process-based models to improve the simulation of CO2 and CH4 exchange from Arctic tundra to the atmosphere. C1 [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Christensen, T. R.; Heroult, A.; Miller, P. A.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Christensen, T. R.] Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Nuuk, Greenland. [Hayes, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Euskirchen, E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Kimball, J. S.; Yi, Y.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lafleur, P.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Oechel, W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Peylin, P.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat Environm, Paris, France. [Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM admcguire@alaska.edu RI Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012; Miller, Paul/B-4675-2013; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Yi, Yonghong/C-2395-2017 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; FU National Science Foundation; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research); US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Ecology program; European Union RTN GREENCYCLES II network; Swedish Research Council VR; FORMAS; Greenland Climate Research Center; Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation; Lund University research programme Modelling the Regional and Global Earth System; European Union 6th Framework CARBO-North project; Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions FX Support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation, the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Ecology program, the European Union RTN GREENCYCLES II network, the Swedish Research Council VR and FORMAS, the Greenland Climate Research Center, the Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation, the Lund University research programme Modelling the Regional and Global Earth System, the European Union 6th Framework CARBO-North project, and the Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions. The data for the global process-model simulations was provided by the Trendy multi-model evaluation project (http://dgvm.ceh.ac.uk), as part of the Global Carbon Project. NR 79 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 8 U2 154 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3185 EP 3204 DI 10.5194/bg-9-3185-2012 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 999DT UT WOS:000308290200024 ER PT J AU Wilson, SN Tiefenbacher, JP AF Wilson, Sylvia N. Tiefenbacher, John P. TI The barriers impeding precautionary behaviours by undocumented immigrants in emergencies: The Hurricane Ike experience in Houston, Texas, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE emergency response; evacuation; hurricanes; risk communication; undocumented immigrants ID INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; RISK PERCEPTION; UNITED-STATES; DISASTER PREPAREDNESS; LATINO IMMIGRANTS; RACE; COMMUNICATION; VULNERABILITY; CRISIS; DISSEMINATION AB Emergency management tends to be planned for legal, resident populations that are responsive to mainstream channels of communication and enforcement. For many areas prone to extreme events and emergencies, populations are also composed of transitory tourists, temporary visitors and migrant workers. This latter group may be a large population and, while not completely invisible to residents, may prefer obscurity and concealment within the social landscape. Tending towards poverty, technologically disconnected and linguistically isolated, undocumented migrants seek employment and attempt to avoid local law enforcement and immigration officials for fear of imprisonment and deportation. In this context, the behaviours prompted by developing public emergencies will be different for undocumented migrants than for the population at large. We examine the experience of 135 Hispanic undocumented migrants in the coastal zone of Houston-Galveston, Texas to understand the factors and issues that influence decision making and behaviours under region-wide mandatory evacuation conditions. Undocumented migrants' decisions to evacuate rest upon: the presence (or absence) of family and/or children, their access to risk information that they find meaningful and rational and is in harmony with their pre-conceptions about their circumstances, their openness to information that either confirms their experiences or confronts rumour-generated biases they carry, their familiarity with social groups and governmental agencies and the services they offer, and the outcome of their risk analyses that consider the dangers of remaining in situ against the danger of exposing themselves to discovery as 'illegal aliens'. The results suggest that emergency management plans ought to promote the dispelling of rumours that weaken the effect of emergency communication, promote non-emergency outreach to peripheral populations through community groups, and promote better, basic, non-technical, Spanish-language media through mainstream conduits (i.e. the most commonly watched non-Spanish television channels) that do not require high-tech devices or advanced understanding of visual media tools. C1 [Tiefenbacher, John P.] Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Wilson, Sylvia N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Tiefenbacher, JP (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM tief@txstate.edu NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1747-7891 J9 ENVIRON HAZARDS-UK JI Environ. Hazards PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 194 EP 212 DI 10.1080/17477891.2011.649711 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999GT UT WOS:000308298500002 ER PT J AU Foltz, JR Jensen, NR Polinski, MP Ireland, SC Cain, KD AF Foltz, John R. Jensen, Nathan R. Polinski, Mark P. Ireland, Susan C. Cain, Kenneth D. TI Characterization of Oocyte Development in Hatchery-Reared Burbot SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID KOOTENAI RIVER; PRESERVATION; GROWTH; STAGE; EGGS; FISH AB Burbot Lota lota are an emerging aquaculture species. To aid in predicting the natural and hormonal-manipulated timing of ovulation and for ensuring maximum viability of eggs at spawning, this study describes oocyte maturation of hatchery-reared burbot from vitellogenesis through ovulation. At a temperature of 4 degrees C, visual polarization of the oil globule occurred 7-13 d preovulation. The lack of uniformity in individual oocyte development was observed and persisted until approximately 2 d before ovulation, at which point complete polarization was observed in all oocytes and a condensed blastomere was observed along the inner chorion. These preliminary observations imply that implantation of gonatotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) decreased the final maturation stage of oocyte development by 2-4 d and may aid in initiating the maturation process, the induction of which appeared to be a threshold for either a female's progression to ovulation or nonovulation and atresia. Although additional investigation may be needed to fully maximize egg fertilization success and optimize timing related to intensive spawning practices, this study lays a foundation for further investigations and provides a reference for assessing oocyte development and predicting ovulation for this species. C1 [Foltz, John R.; Jensen, Nathan R.; Polinski, Mark P.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Jensen, Nathan R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Polinski, Mark P.] Univ Tasmania, Australian Maritime Coll, Natl Ctr Marine Conservat & Resource Sustainabil, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. [Ireland, Susan C.] Kootenai Tribe Idaho, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Box 1102, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu FU Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; Bonneville Power Administration [30729, 37267, 198806400] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and the Bonneville Power Administration (Contracts 30729, 37267; Project 198806400). We thank Matt Neufeld of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment for supplying broodstock and all the members of the Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative for their cooperation. Special thanks are extended to Paul Anders for his input and review. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 408 EP 412 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676001 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994VI UT WOS:000307961600003 ER PT J AU Gunn, C Carty, D Walker, PG Colburn, PA Bowker, JD AF Gunn, Carolyn Carty, Daniel Walker, Peter G. Colburn, Patricia A. Bowker, James D. TI Pilot Field Trial to Evaluate SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate)-Medicated Feed to Reduce a Natural Infestation of Salmincola californiensis in Freshwater-Reared Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEA LICE; ORAL TREATMENT; BENZOATE; EFFICACY; COPEPODA; KROYER; LERNAEOPODIDAE AB Salmincola spp. infestations can adversely affect freshwater-reared salmonids. Control methods tested to date have had limited success; consequently, we conducted a pilot field trial to evaluate SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB])-medicated feed to reduce a natural infestation of S. californiensis in freshwater-reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Before the trial started, 96 of 1,500 rainbow trout broodstock held in a flow-through raceway were impartially captured, sedated, uniquely tagged, and returned to the raceway. Pretreatment S. californiensis infestation prevalence and intensity were 97% and 10.4 +/- 7.6 (mean +/- SD) adult female parasites per fish, respectively. Treatment was administered at 50 mu g EB.kg fish(-1).d(-1) for 7 d. By the end of the trial (43 d posttreatment), infestation prevalence and intensity had decreased to 32% and 1.6 +/- 1.1 adult female parasites per fish, respectively. These results suggest that SLICE-medicated feed can be used to reduce natural infestations of S. californiensis in freshwater-reared rainbow trout. C1 [Gunn, Carolyn; Walker, Peter G.; Colburn, Patricia A.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Brush, CO 80723 USA. [Carty, Daniel; Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Gunn, C (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, 122 E Edison, Brush, CO 80723 USA. EM carolyn.gunn@state.co.us NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676015 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994VI UT WOS:000307961600006 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Carty, DG Wandelear, N Schaffer, J Swee, W LaPatra, SE AF Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel G. Wandelear, Niccole Schaffer, Jim Swee, Wesley LaPatra, Scott E. TI Efficacy of SLICE Premix (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) for Reducing Infestations of Salmincola spp. on Freshwater-Reared Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS KROYER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEA LICE; SALAR L.; CALIFORNIENSIS COPEPODA; ORAL TREATMENT; IN-FEED; LERNAEOPODIDAE; GAIRDNERI AB Salmincola spp. are ectoparasites of major concern in wild and cultured salmonids. These parasites can cause respiratory distress and facilitate the entry of secondary pathogens. Of particular concern in the United States is S. californiensis, which can infest all Oncorhynchus spp. and is restricted largely to freshwater. Bath treatments with formalin and hydrogen peroxide have traditionally been used to control infestations of some parasitic copepods in cultured salmonids; however, these treatments can be difficult to apply, expensive, and stressful to fish and have not been shown to be effective against S. californiensis. A more effective and efficient treatment method needs to be developed. SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is a commercial in-feed treatment that has been shown to be effective for the control of sea lice infestations in seawater-reared farmed salmon and trout. We postulated that EB might also be efficacious for the control of parasitic copepods such as S. californiensis on freshwater-reared salmonids. Four trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SLICE-medicated feed administered at a target dosage of 50 mu g EB.kg fish(-1).d(-1) for seven consecutive days to control infestations of S. californiensis on freshwater-reared rainbow trout. At the end of each trial (after either a 30- or 42-d posttreatment period), copepod prevalence in treated tanks was substantially reduced compared with the pretrial prevalence recorded in the reference populations. Additionally, a significant difference was detected in mean abundance between treated and control groups, with a 79-96% reduction in mean abundance among fish offered the EB-medicated feed. Based on the results of these trials, it was concluded that SLICE was efficacious in reducing infestations of S. californiensis on freshwater-reared rainbow trout. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel G.; Wandelear, Niccole] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Schaffer, Jim] SeaPac Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Schaffer, Jim] Mag Springs Trout Hatchery, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Swee, Wesley] Maramec Spring Fish Hatchery, Missouri Dept Conservat, St James, MO 65559 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Food Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 428 EP 437 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676019 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 994VI UT WOS:000307961600007 ER PT J AU Shen, DY Liu, YL Huang, SL AF Shen, Dayong Liu, Yuling Huang, Shengli TI ANNUAL ACCUMULATION OVER THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET INTERPOLATED FROM HISTORICAL AND NEWLY COMPILED OBSERVATION DATA SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE GIS; Greenland ice sheet; kriging; spatial pattern ID SNOW ACCUMULATION; MASS-BALANCE; SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF; RADAR; RATES; MODEL AB The estimation of ice/snow accumulation is of great significance in quantifying the mass balance of ice sheets and variation in water resources. Improving the accuracy and reducing uncertainty has been a challenge for the estimation of annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet. In this study, we kriged and analyzed the spatial pattern of accumulation based on an observation data series including 315 points used in a recent research, plus 101 ice cores and snow pits and newly compiled 23 coastal weather station data. The estimated annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet is 31.2 g cm-2 yr-1, with a standard error of 0.9 g cm-2 yr-1. The main differences between the improved map developed in this study and the recently published accumulation maps are in the coastal areas, especially southeast and southwest regions. The analysis of accumulations versus elevation reveals the distribution patterns of accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet. C1 [Shen, Dayong] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Liu, Yuling] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Shengli] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Shen, DY (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 10519 Braddock Rd 2900, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. EM dshen2@gmu.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0435-3676 EI 1468-0459 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 2012 VL 94A IS 3 BP 377 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00458.x PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 993YZ UT WOS:000307898000007 ER PT J AU Glenney, GW Barbash, PA Coll, JA Quartz, WM AF Glenney, Gavin W. Barbash, Patricia A. Coll, John A. Quartz, William M. TI Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Strain in Returning Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar from the Connecticut River, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GENOME SEGMENT-A; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AQUATIC BIRNAVIRUSES; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; RNA SEGMENT; VIRULENCE; AQUABIRNAVIRUSES; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; SCOTLAND AB After 22 years of negative viral screening results, the viral pathogen infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated from the ovarian fluid of two pooled samples of returning Connecticut River Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during the 2007 spawning season at Richard Cronin National Salmon Station (RCNSS), Hadley, Massachusetts. Cytopathic effect was observed in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells, and IPNV was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey's Western Fisheries Research Center determined that the isolate closely resembled the Canada_3 strain, falling into Genogroup 4 rather than Genogroup 1, which is more common in the United States. This allowed us to speculate that the Atlantic salmon were not infected during their freshwater life stage in the Connecticut River watershed but somewhere on their migratory route or feeding grounds in the Northwest Atlantic. On November 20, 2007, the Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Commission voted to depopulate the infected stock at RCNSS and the entire suspect egg lots held at White River National Fish Hatchery, Vermont. Approximately one and a half months later, the 121 Connecticut River Atlantic salmon were euthanized and sampled for a follow-up investigation to determine the prevalence of infection. Only one kidney-spleen homogenate (male) was confirmed IPNV positive via cell culture and RT-PCR. A total of 2,983 base pairs from segment A of the RNA genome were sequenced from this fish and determined to be from a new strain (Connecticut-1) of IPNV that closely resembles Canada_2 and Canada_3 in Genogroup 4. The new strain is genetically identical to one of the first ovarian fluid isolates over a shared 130-nucleotide region, possibly indicating original transmission from a single source. The absence of IPNV from the Connecticut River's subsequent four returning Atlantic salmon year-classes may indicate that the aggressive corrective action was prudent. C1 [Glenney, Gavin W.; Barbash, Patricia A.; Coll, John A.; Quartz, William M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Glenney, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar Fish Hlth Ctr, 400 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gavin_glenney@fws.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.668509 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 996YL UT WOS:000308130700001 PM 22838076 ER PT J AU Rover, J Ji, L Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL AF Rover, Jennifer Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. TI Establishing water body areal extent trends in interior Alaska from multi-temporal Landsat data SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON; LAKES; PERMAFROST AB An accurate approach is needed for monitoring, quantifying and understanding surface water variability due to climate change. Separating inter- and intra-annual variances from longer-term shifts in surface water extents due to contemporary climate warming requires repeat measurements spanning a several-decade period. Here, we show that trends developed from multi-date measurements of the extents of more than 15,000 water bodies in central Alaska using Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data (1979-2009) were highly influenced by the quantity and timing of the data. Over the 30-year period from 1979 to 2009, the study area had a net decrease (p < 0.05) in the extents of 3.4% of water bodies whereas 86% of water bodies exhibited no significant change. The Landsat-derived dataset provides an opportunity for additional research assessing the drivers of lake and wetland change in this region. C1 [Rover, Jennifer; Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rover, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jrover@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU The U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Effects Network; Global Change Research & Development Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Program funded this research. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors thank Devendra Dahal and Danny Howard for image processing support and Kevin Gallo and Robert Klaver for their thoughtful reviews. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 7 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.643507 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 000PC UT WOS:000308397900006 ER PT J AU Barrett, K Rocha, A van de Weg, MJ Shaver, G AF Barrett, Kirsten Rocha, Adrianv. van de Weg, Martine Janet Shaver, Gaius TI Vegetation shifts observed in arctic tundra 17 years after fire SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; BURN SEVERITY; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; USA AB With anticipated climate change, tundra fires are expected to occur more frequently in the future, but data on the long-term effects of fire on tundra vegetation composition are scarce. This study addresses changes in vegetation structure that have persisted for 17 years after a tundra fire on the North Slope of Alaska. Fire-related shifts in vegetation composition were assessed from remote-sensing imagery and ground observations of the burn scar and an adjacent control site. Early-season remotely sensed imagery from the burn scar exhibits a low vegetation index compared with the control site, whereas the late-season signal is slightly higher. The range and maximum vegetation index are greater in the burn scar, although the mean annual values do not differ among the sites. Ground observations revealed a greater abundance of moss in the unburned site, which may account for the high early growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomaly relative to the burn. The abundance of graminoid species and an absence of Betula nana in the post-fire tundra sites may also be responsible for the spectral differences observed in the remotely sensed imagery. The partial replacement of tundra by graminoid-dominated ecosystems has been predicted by the ALFRESCO model of disturbance, climate and vegetation succession. C1 [Barrett, Kirsten] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rocha, Adrianv.; van de Weg, Martine Janet; Shaver, Gaius] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Barrett, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM kbarrett@usgs.gov RI Rocha, Adrian/B-6504-2013 FU National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [NSF-OPP-0856853]; US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (NSF-OPP-0856853, 'Fire in the Arctic Landscape: Impacts, Interactions and Links to Global and Regional Environmental Change'), the US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and the Bureau of Land Management. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 8 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2012.676741 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 000PF UT WOS:000308398400010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Pascua, MA Perez-Lopez, R Garduno-Monroy, VH Giner-Robles, JL Silva, PG Perucha-Atienza, MA Hernandez-Madrigal, VM Bischoff, J AF Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. Perez-Lopez, R. Garduno-Monroy, V. H. Giner-Robles, J. L. Silva, P. G. Perucha-Atienza, M. A. Hernandez-Madrigal, V. M. Bischoff, J. TI Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain) SO JOURNAL OF IBERIAN GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleoseismology; Geomorphology; Quaternary; Prebetic; SE Spain ID LATE MIOCENE; SEISMITES AB Instrumental and historical seismicity in the Albacete province (External Prebetic Zone) has been scarcely recorded. However, major strike-slip faults showing NW-SE trending provide geomorphologic and paleoseismic evidence of recent tectonic activity (Late Pleistocene to Present). Moreover, these faults are consistently well oriented under the present stress tensor and therefore, they can trigger earthquakes of magnitude greater than M6, according to the lengths of surface ruptures and active segments recognized in fieldwork. Present landscape nearby the village of Hellin (SE of Albacete) is determined by the recent activity of the Pozohondo Fault (FPH), a NW-SE right-lateral fault with 90 km in length. In this study, we have calculated the Late Quaternary tectonic slip-rate of the FPH from geomorphological, sedimentological, archaeoseimological, and paleoseismological approaches. All of these data suggest that the FPH runs with a minimum slip-rate of 0.1 mm/yr during the last 100 kyrs (Upper Pleistocene-Holocene). In addition, we have recognized the last two major paleoearthquakes associated to this fault. Magnitudes of these paleoearthquakes were gretarer than M6 and their recurrence intervals ranged from 6600 to 8600 yrs for the seismic cycle of FPH. The last earthquake was dated between the 1st and 6th centuries, though two earthquakes could be interpreted in this wide time interval, one at the FPH and other from a far field source. Results obtained here, suggest an increasing of the tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault during the last 10,000 yrs. C1 [Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A.; Perez-Lopez, R.; Perucha-Atienza, M. A.] IGME, Madrid 28003, Spain. [Garduno-Monroy, V. H.; Hernandez-Madrigal, V. M.] Univ Michoacana, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Giner-Robles, J. L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Silva, P. G.] Univ Salamanca, Dpto Geol, Escuela Politecn Super Avila, Avila 05003, Spain. [Bischoff, J.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rodriguez-Pascua, MA (reprint author), IGME, Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain. EM ma.rodriguez@igme.es; r.perez@igme.es; vgmonroy@umich.mx; jorge.giner@uam.es; pgsilva@usal.es; jbischoff@usgs.gov RI Giner-Robles, Jorge /H-5063-2011; Perez-Lopez, Raul/P-3485-2014; Silva, Pablo G/G-8950-2015; PERUCHA, MARIA ANGELES/H-9030-2015; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/H-9323-2015 OI Giner-Robles, Jorge /0000-0002-1507-4796; Silva, Pablo G/0000-0003-1470-292X; PERUCHA, MARIA ANGELES/0000-0003-1960-9265; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/0000-0001-5174-119X FU Spanish Project: ACTISIS of the ancient Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [CGL2006-05001/BTE] FX We are grateful to Pr. Jose Pedro Calvo and Dr. Christoph Grutzner for his helpful comments and fruitful discussion. This work was supported by the Spanish Project: ACTISIS (CGL2006-05001/BTE) of the ancient Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. Radiocarbon ages were obtained at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (USA). Also thanks are given to the "Consejeria de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente" of Albacete for the drilling permission. Special mention to Emilio Usaola for his invaluable work during the trench fields and core sampling performed at the Alboraj Lake. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID PI MADRID PA SERVICIO PUBLICACIONES, CIUDAD UNIV, OBISPO TREJO 3, MADRID, 28040, SPAIN SN 1698-6180 J9 J IBER GEOL JI J. Iber. Geol. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 SI SI BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39216 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 981EW UT WOS:000306950700015 ER PT J AU Hargrove, JS Parkyn, DC Murie, DJ Demopoulos, AWJ Austin, JD AF Hargrove, John S. Parkyn, Daryl C. Murie, Debra J. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Austin, James D. TI Augmentation of French grunt diet description using combined visual and DNA-based analyses SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular; morphological; PCR; stomach contents; US Virgin Islands ID CORAL-REEF; STOMACH CONTENTS; GUT CONTENTS; DIFFERENTIAL DIGESTION; GENERALIST PREDATOR; MOLECULAR MARKERS; FISHES; IDENTIFICATION; PREY; HAEMULIDAE AB Trophic linkages within a coral-reef ecosystem may be difficult to discern in fish species that reside on, but do not forage on, coral reefs. Furthermore, dietary analysis of fish can be difficult in situations where prey is thoroughly macerated, resulting in many visually unrecognisable food items. The present study examined whether the inclusion of a DNA-based method could improve the identification of prey consumed by French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, a reef fish that possesses pharyngeal teeth and forages on soft-bodied prey items. Visual analysis indicated that crustaceans were most abundant numerically (38.9%), followed by sipunculans (31.0%) and polychaete worms (5.2%), with a substantial number of unidentified prey (12.7%). For the subset of prey with both visual and molecular data, there was a marked reduction in the number of unidentified sipunculans (visual - 31.1%, combined - 4.4%), unidentified crustaceans (visual - 15.6%, combined - 6.7%), and unidentified taxa (visual - 11.1%, combined - 0.0%). Utilising results from both methodologies resulted in an increased number of prey placed at the family level (visual - 6, combined - 33) and species level (visual - 0, combined - 4). Although more costly than visual analysis alone, our study demonstrated the feasibility of DNA-based identification of visually unidentifiable prey in the stomach contents of fish. C1 [Hargrove, John S.; Parkyn, Daryl C.; Murie, Debra J.; Austin, James D.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Austin, James D.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hargrove, JS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Inst Food & Agr Sci, POB 110600, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tractor@ufl.edu OI Hargrove, John/0000-0002-8643-7822; Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida FX Funding for this research was supported by a grant from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) State Partnership Program (DJM, DCP, AWJD). Financial support for JSH was provided by a graduate assistantship from the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, and matched from the State Partnership Program grant and the Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida. Special thanks go to B. Ennis, E. Yudelman, C. Campbell, K. Kovacs, A. Strong and N. Cormier for assistance in the field and to N. Johnson for advice on methodology and analysis. We especially thank Dr C. Rogers (USGS, St John, US Virgin Islands) for the use of the USGS research vessel that greatly facilitated our field sampling and R. Brown and J. Irving (Virgin Islands Ecological Resource Station) for providing logistical support in St John, US Virgin Islands, throughout the study. We thank R. Boulon (National Park Service, St John, US Virgin Islands) for assistance with the scientific research permit for sampling within the Virgin Islands National Park. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2012 VL 63 IS 8 BP 740 EP 750 DI 10.1071/MF12099 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 990ZR UT WOS:000307671100009 ER PT J AU Stith, BM Slone, DH de Wit, M Edwards, HH Langtimm, CA Swain, ED Soderqvist, LE Reid, JP AF Stith, B. M. Slone, D. H. de Wit, M. Edwards, H. H. Langtimm, C. A. Swain, E. D. Soderqvist, L. E. Reid, J. P. TI Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Halocline; Thermal inversion; Tidal pumping; Groundwater; Ten Thousand Islands; Picayune Strand restoration; Everglades restoration; Salinity stratification; Aquatic species ID SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; AGGREGATION SITE; HEAT; FLOW AB Haloclines induced by freshwater inflow over tidal water have been identified as an important mechanism for maintaining warm water in passive thermal refugia (PTR) used by Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris during winter in extreme southwestern Florida. Record-setting cold during winter 2009-2010 resulted in an unprecedented number of manatee deaths, adding to concerns that PTR may provide inadequate thermal protection during severe cold periods. Hydrological data from 2009-2010 indicate that 2 canal systems in the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) region acted as PTR and maintained warm bottom-water temperatures, even during severe and prolonged cold periods. Aerial survey counts of live and dead manatees in TTI during the winter of 2009-2010 suggest that these PTR were effective at preventing mass mortality from hypothermia, in contrast to the nearby Everglades region, which lacks similar artificial PTR and showed high manatee carcass counts. Hydrological data from winter 2008-2009 confirmed earlier findings that without haloclines these artificial PTR may become ineffective as warm-water sites. Tidal pumping of groundwater appears to provide additional heat to bottom water during low tide cycles, but the associated thermal inversion is not observed unless salinity stratification is present. The finding that halocline-driven PTR can maintain warm water even under extreme winter conditions suggests that they may have significant potential as warm-water sites. However, availability and conflicting uses of freshwater and other management issues may make halocline-driven PTR unreliable or difficult to manage during winter. C1 [Stith, B. M.; Slone, D. H.; Langtimm, C. A.; Reid, J. P.] Jacobs Technol Inc, US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [de Wit, M.; Edwards, H. H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss FWC, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst FWRI, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Swain, E. D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33135 USA. [Soderqvist, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Myers, FL 33901 USA. RP Stith, BM (reprint author), Jacobs Technol Inc, US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM bstith@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU USGS program: FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species); USGS program: Ecosystems Mapping; USGS program: Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES); USGS program: Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CESI); US Army Corps of Engineers FX Funding was provided by the following USGS programs: FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species), Ecosystems Mapping, Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES), and Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CESI). Funding was also provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers. We thank the following agencies for hydrology or environmental data: South Florida Water Management District, Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and US Geological Survey. We thank L. Lefebvre for many helpful discussions and support related to this work. Discussions with C. Deutsch, A. Spellman, S. Markley, B. Sobzak, and S. Barton were also helpful. Aerial survey and carcass count data were provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 462 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.3354/meps09732 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 991TA UT WOS:000307723300023 ER PT J AU Toribio, SG Gray, BR Liang, S AF Toribio, S. G. Gray, B. R. Liang, S. TI An evaluation of the Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for use with pseudo-replicated count data SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian method; N-mixture model; abundance estimation; MCMC ID ABUNDANCE; WINBUGS AB The N-mixture model proposed by Royle in 2004 may be used to approximate the abundance and detection probability of animal species in a given region. In 2006, Royle and Dorazio discussed the advantages of using a Bayesian approach in modelling animal abundance and occurrence using a hierarchical N-mixture model. N-mixture models assume replication on sampling sites, an assumption that may be violated when the site is not closed to changes in abundance during the survey period or when nominal replicates are defined spatially. In this paper, we studied the robustness of a Bayesian approach to fitting the N-mixture model for pseudo-replicated count data. Our simulation results showed that the Bayesian estimates for abundance and detection probability are slightly biased when the actual detection probability is small and are sensitive to the presence of extra variability within local sites. C1 [Toribio, S. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Gray, B. R.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Liang, S.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Toribio, SG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM toribio.sher@uwlax.edu OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 EI 1563-5163 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2012 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1143 DI 10.1080/00949655.2011.572881 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 979OJ UT WOS:000306829100004 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Germino, MJ Sankey, TT Hoover, AN AF Sankey, Joel B. Germino, Matthew J. Sankey, Temuulen T. Hoover, Amber N. TI Fire effects on the spatial patterning of soil properties in sagebrush steppe, USA: a meta-analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Review DE Artemisia tridentata; cold desert; microsite; resilience; resistance; review; shrub; wildfire ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION HETEROGENEITY; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; SHRUB-STEPPE; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; TEMPORAL INFLUENCE; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; RESOURCE ISLANDS AB Understanding effects of changes in ecological disturbance regimes on soil properties, and capacity of soil properties to resist disturbance, is important for assessing ecological condition. In this meta-analysis, we examined the resilience of surface soil properties and their spatial patterning to disturbance by fire in sagebrush steppe of North America - a biome currently experiencing increases in wildfire due to climate change. We reviewed 39 studies that reported on soil properties for sagebrush steppe with distinct microsite (undershrub and interspace) patterning that was or was not recently burned. We estimated microsite effects for 21 soil properties and examined the effect of burning on microsite effects during the first year post-fire, before the re-establishment of vegetation. Results indicated that the spatial patterning of biogeochemical resources, in which soil surfaces beneath shrubs are enriched, is resilient to burning. However, microsite effects for soil-surface hydrologic, temperature and erosion characteristics appeared to shift following burning. These shifts appear to create a negative feedback for the spatial patterning of soil properties before vegetation recovery. Relatively long (decades-centuries) historic fire intervals in sagebrush steppe ecosystems likely reinforce spatial patterning of soil resources. However, increased fire frequency might affect the ability for soil resources to withstand change. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.; Sankey, Temuulen T.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.; Hoover, Amber N.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Room 111, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Hoover, Amber/B-8373-2017 OI Hoover, Amber/0000-0001-8584-3995 FU US Army Research Laboratory; US Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0481]; Bureau of Land Management FX This material is based on work supported in part by the US Army Research Laboratory and the US Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-07-1-0481. Additional funding was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 47 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 5 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1071/WF11092 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 984FJ UT WOS:000307175200008 ER PT J AU Brand, WA Coplen, TB AF Brand, Willi A. Coplen, Tyler B. TI Stable isotope deltas: tiny, yet robust signatures in nature SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Review DE calculations; delta signatures; isotopic fractionation; measurement standards; natural isotopic variations; nomenclature; urey signatures ID IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT; VOSTOK ICE CORE; CARBON DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-HAIR; FRACTIONATION; ABUNDANCES; EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN AB Although most of them are relatively small, stable isotope deltas of naturally occurring substances are robust and enable workers in anthropology, atmospheric sciences, biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, food and drug authentication, forensic science, geochemistry, geology, oceanography, and paleoclimatology to study a variety of topics. Two fundamental processes explain the stable isotope deltas measured in most terrestrial systems: isotopic fractionation and isotope mixing. Isotopic fractionation is the result of equilibrium or kinetic physicochemical processes that fractionate isotopes because of small differences in physical or chemical properties of molecular species having different isotopes. It is shown that the mixing of radioactive and stable isotope end members can be modelled to provide information on many natural processes, including (14)Cabundances in the modern atmosphere and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the oceans during glacial and interglacial times. The calculation of mixing fractions using isotope balance equations with isotope deltas can be substantially in error when substances with high concentrations of heavy isotopes (e. g. C-13, H-2, and O-18) are mixed. In such cases, calculations using mole fractions are preferred as they produce accurate mixing fractions. Isotope deltas are dimensionless quantities. In the International System of Units (SI), these quantities have the unit 1 and the usual list of prefixes is not applicable. To overcome traditional limitations with expressing orders of magnitude differences in isotope deltas, we propose the term urey (symbol Ur), after Harold C. Urey, for the unit 1. In such a manner, an isotope delta value expressed traditionally as -25 per mil can be written as -25 mUr (or -2.5 cUr or -0.25 dUr; the use of any SI prefix is possible). Likewise, very small isotopic differences often expressed in per meg 'units' are easily included (e. g. either +0.015 parts per thousand or +15 per meg can be written as +15 mu Ur. C1 [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Brand, WA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. EM wbrand@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This article has benefited from a careful review by Roland A. Werner (Institute of Agricultural Sciences - ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland). The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 12 U2 100 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 393 EP 409 DI 10.1080/10256016.2012.666977 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984LM UT WOS:000307191200005 PM 22462621 ER PT J AU Colla, SR Ascher, JS Arduser, M Cane, J Deyrup, M Droege, S Gibbs, J Griswold, T Hall, HG Henne, C Neff, J Jean, RP Rightmyer, MG Sheffield, C Veit, M Wolf, A AF Colla, S. R. Ascher, J. S. Arduser, M. Cane, J. Deyrup, M. Droege, S. Gibbs, J. Griswold, T. Hall, H. G. Henne, C. Neff, J. Jean, R. P. Rightmyer, M. G. Sheffield, C. Veit, M. Wolf, A. TI Documenting Persistence of Most Eastern North American Bee Species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) to 1990-2009 SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Collection data; bees; invertebrate; rarity; extinction; museum specimens; database ID APIDAE; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTIONS; HALICTIDAE; COMMUNITY; CRESSON; DECLINE; INSECT AB The status of wild bees, the major group of pollinators in most biomes, has gained recognition as an important ecological and economic issue. Insufficient baseline data and taxonomic expertise for this understudied group has hindered efforts to assess the conservation status of the majority of wild bee species. To more objectively address their current conservation status, we drew upon museum collections and the expertise of melittologists (biologists studying non-Apis bees) to compile a complete list of bee species for eastern North America, discriminating those which have and have not been detected during the past 20 years. The vast majority (95% of about 770 eastern North American bee species) have been found again, at least once since 1990. The remaining 37 species were rarely collected before 1990 as well. Some may truly be at risk (or lost). Others are undoubtedly data deficient due to inadequate knowledge of their biology or hosts, or the geographic regions and local habitats where they occur. Distributional and ecological patterns among these missing species are discussed. Most were recorded in the region only from peripheral areas or areas known to be undersampled by recent collectors, such as the southeastern United States. Others are characterized by specialized life histories or they cannot be identified routinely in the absence of taxonomic revisions. Clearly, most eastern North American bee species have persisted until recent times, with no evidence of widespread recent extinctions. An absence of well-documented global extinctions of bee species does not warrant complacency regarding pollinator conservation, as our qualitative method does not lend itself to documenting range contractions, range fragmentation, or declines in abundance and species richness in local bee communities. C1 [Colla, S. R.; Sheffield, C.] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Ascher, J. S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Arduser, M.] Missouri Dept Conservat, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. [Cane, J.; Griswold, T.; Rightmyer, M. G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol UMC 5310, USDA ARS Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Deyrup, M.] Archbold Biol Stn Invertebrate Collect, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [Droege, S.] BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gibbs, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hall, H. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Henne, C.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Neff, J.] Cent Texas Melittol Inst, Austin, TX 78731 USA. [Jean, R. P.] St Mary Of The Woods Coll, Dept Sci & Math, St Mary Of The Woods, IN 47876 USA. [Veit, M.; Wolf, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Colla, SR (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM scolla@yorku.ca RI Gibbs, Jason/H-6963-2012; Ascher, John/D-1554-2014; OI Gibbs, Jason/0000-0002-4945-5423 FU [NSF DBI 0956388] FX We would like to thank H. Ikerd, A. Mayor, L. Packer, and D. Yanega for valuable discussion and data contribution. We gratefully acknowledge the many collections and specimens contributed by numerous collaborators without which this project would not have been possible. J. S. Ascher's work on this project was generously supported by Robert G. Goelet and by the collaborative bee databasing grant NSF DBI 0956388. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 85 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 983SG UT WOS:000307138400003 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Udevitz, MS Jay, CV AF Noren, S. R. Udevitz, M. S. Jay, C. V. TI Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pinniped; Foraging; Metabolism; Energetics; Arctic; Ice; Climate change ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; FIELD METABOLIC-RATES; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; HAUL-OUT; DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PREY CONSUMPTION; GRAY SEALS AB Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens use sea ice as a platform for resting, nursing, and accessing extensive benthic foraging grounds. The extent of summer sea ice in the Chukchi Sea has decreased substantially in recent decades, causing walruses to alter habitat use and activity patterns which could affect their energy requirements. We developed a bioenergetics model to estimate caloric demand of female walruses, accounting for maintenance, growth, activity (active in-water and hauled-out resting), molt, and reproductive costs. Estimates for nonreproductive females 0-12 yr old (65-810 kg) ranged from 16 359 to 68 960 kcal d(-1) (74-257 kcal d(-1) kg(-1)) for years with readily available sea ice for which we assumed animals spent 83% of their time in water. This translated into the energy content of 3200-5960 clams per day, equivalent to 7-8% and 14-9% of body mass per day for 5-12 and 2-4 yr olds, respectively. Estimated consumption rates of 12 yr old females were minimally affected by pregnancy, but lactation had a large impact, increasing consumption rates to 15% of body mass per day. Increasing the proportion of time in water to 93%, as might happen if walruses were required to spend more time foraging during ice-free periods, increased daily caloric demand by 6-7% for non-lactating females. We provide the first bioenergetics-based estimates of energy requirements for walruses and a first step towards establishing bioenergetic linkages between demography and prey requirements that can ultimately be used in predicting this population's response to environmental change. C1 [Noren, S. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Udevitz, M. S.; Jay, C. V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 460 BP 261 EP 275 DI 10.3354/meps09706 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 977UH UT WOS:000306689800020 ER PT S AU Kokaly, RF AF Kokaly, Raymond F. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectroscopic remote sensing for material identification, vegetation characterization, and mapping SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral remote sensing; mineral mapping; oil spill; hydrocarbon detection; spectral feature analysis; spectral library; continuum removal AB Identifying materials by measuring and analyzing their reflectance spectra has been an important procedure in analytical chemistry for decades. Airborne and space-based imaging spectrometers allow materials to be mapped across the landscape. With many existing airborne sensors and new satellite-borne sensors planned for the future, robust methods are needed to fully exploit the information content of hyperspectral remote sensing data. A method of identifying and mapping materials using spectral feature analyses of reflectance data in an expert-system framework called MICA (Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm) is described. MICA is a module of the PRISM (Processing Routines in IDL dagger for Spectroscopic Measurements) software, available to the public from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1155/. The core concepts of MICA include continuum removal and linear regression to compare key diagnostic absorption features in reference laboratory/field spectra and the spectra being analyzed. The reference spectra, diagnostic features, and threshold constraints are defined within a user-developed MICA command file (MCF). Building on several decades of experience in mineral mapping, a broadly-applicable MCF was developed to detect a set of minerals frequently occurring on the Earth's surface and applied to map minerals in the country-wide coverage of the 2007 Afghanistan HyMap data set. MICA has also been applied to detect sub-pixel oil contamination in marshes impacted by the Deepwater Horizon incident by discriminating the C-H absorption features in oil residues from background vegetation. These two recent examples demonstrate the utility of a spectroscopic approach to remote sensing for identifying and mapping the distributions of materials in imaging spectrometer data. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM raymond@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 839014 DI 10.1117/12.919121 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700034 ER PT J AU Lok, EK Esler, D Takekawa, JY De La Cruz, SW Boyd, WS Nysewander, DR Evenson, JR Ward, DH AF Lok, Erika K. Esler, Daniel Takekawa, John Y. De La Cruz, Susan W. Boyd, W. Sean Nysewander, David R. Evenson, Joseph R. Ward, David H. TI Spatiotemporal associations between Pacific herring spawn and surf scoter spring migration: evaluating a 'silver wave' hypothesis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat use; Herring spawn; Melanitta perspicillata; Migration; Satellite telemetry; Surf scoter ID WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; CLUPEA-PALLASI; WINTERING SURF; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENT RESERVES; PREY AVAILABILITY; SEA DUCKS; BEHAVIOR AB Surf scoters Melanitta perspicillata are sea ducks that aggregate at spawning events of Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and forage on the eggs, which are deposited in abundance during spring at discrete sites. We evaluated whether migrating scoters followed a 'silver wave' of resource availability, analogous to the 'green wave' of high-quality foraging conditions that herbivorous waterfowl follow during spring migration. We confirmed that herring spawning activity began later in the year at higher latitudes, creating a northward-progressing wave of short-term localized food availability. Using satellite telemetry and aerial surveys, we documented the chronology of scoter spring migration and the use of stopover locations in relation to herring spawn timing and locations. We found that the migration chronology paralleled the northward progression of herring spawning events. Although there was considerable variability in the timing of both scoter migration and the initiation of herring spawning, the processes were related beyond a coincidental northward progression. During migration, 60% of the tracked scoters visited at least 1 spawn site, and those that used spawn sites were located on spawn sites for approximately one-third of their migration locations. Surf scoters showed close spatiotemporal associations with herring spawning events, confirming that the presence of herring spawn was a factor determining habitat use for many individuals. Surf scoters showed close spatiotemporal associations with herring spawning events, confirming that the presence of herring spawn was a factor determining habitat use for many individuals, a conclusion that is consistent with previous studies which used physiologically based metrics to evaluate the importance of herring spawn. C1 [Lok, Erika K.; Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Takekawa, John Y.; De La Cruz, Susan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Boyd, W. Sean] Environm Canada, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Nysewander, David R.; Evenson, Joseph R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lok, EK (reprint author), Environm Canada, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. EM eklok@alumni.sfu.ca FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; Environment Canada/Canadian Wildlife Service Pacific and Yukon Region; Environment Canada's Georgia Basin Action Plan; USGS/Alaska Science Center; USGS Western Ecological Research Center Coastal Ecosystems Program; Calfed Ecosystem Restoration Program; Environment Canada Science Horizons Program; Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University FX This work was conducted following guidance from animal care and use committees and with permits from the California Department of Fish and Game, Canadian Wildlife Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USGS Bird Banding Laboratory, USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) (through Ducks Unlimited de Mexico and Permit 7232). Funding was provided by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, Environment Canada/Canadian Wildlife Service Pacific and Yukon Region, Environment Canada's Georgia Basin Action Plan, USGS/Alaska Science Center, and USGS Western Ecological Research Center Coastal Ecosystems Program with support from the Calfed Ecosystem Restoration Program. E. K. L. was supported by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, Environment Canada Science Horizons Program and the Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University. We thank the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and J. Womble for the herring spawn data. We thank pilots L. Bennett and D. Doyon. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 457 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.3354/meps09692 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 978PB UT WOS:000306755000011 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Sartain, AR Fujisaki, I Pratt, HL Morley, D Feeley, MW AF Hart, Kristen M. Sartain, Autumn R. Fujisaki, Ikuko Pratt, Harold L., Jr. Morley, Danielle Feeley, Michael W. TI Home range, habitat use, and migrations of hawksbill turtles tracked from Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hawksbill; Satellite; Acoustic; Telemetry; Kernel density estimate; Harvest; Dry Tortugas ID ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA LINNAEUS; SEA-TURTLES; GROWTH-RATES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LOCATION ACCURACY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FEEDING GROUNDS; FORAGING AREA AB To determine habitat-use patterns of sub-adult hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata, we conducted satellite-and acoustic-tracking of 3 turtles captured in August 2008 within Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), south Florida, USA, in the Gulf of Mexico; turtles ranged in size from 51.9 to 69.8 cm straight carapace length. After 263, 699, and 655 d of residence in the park, turtles migrated out of the DRTO. Within the park, core-use areas (i.e. 50% kernel density estimates) were 9.2 to 21.5 km(2); all 3 turtle core-use areas overlapped in an area 6.1 km(2) within a zone of the park with multiple human uses (e. g. fishing, anchoring). Two turtles migrated to Cuba and ceased transmitting after 320 and 687 tracking days; the third turtle migrated toward Key West, Florida, and ceased transmitting after 884 tracking days. The present study highlights previously unknown regional connections for hawksbills, possible turtle-harvest incidents, and fine-scale habitat use of sub-adult hawksbills within a United States National Park. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Sartain, Autumn R.] Jacobs Technol, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Pratt, Harold L., Jr.] Ctr Shark Res, Mote Trop Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. [Morley, Danielle] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. [Feeley, Michael W.] S Florida Caribbean Network, Natl Pk Serv, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX All work was permitted by National Marine Fisheries Service Permit 13307-03 (issued to K. M. H.) and Dry Tortugas National Park Permits DRTO-2008-SCI-0008 and DRTO-2010-SCI-0009 (issued to K. M. H.). All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to USGS Institutional Animal Care Protocol USGS-SESC-IACUC 2011-05. Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We acknowledge the use of www.seaturtle.org and the satellite-tracking and analysis tool (STAT). We thank K. Ludwig and J. Sanford for help catching and working up turtles, and J. Douglass, C. Douglass, J. Spade, and T. Gottshall for logistical support at DRTO. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 79 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 457 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.3354/meps09744 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 978PB UT WOS:000306755000016 ER PT J AU Poag, CW AF Poag, C. Wylie TI Foraminiferal repopulation of the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ORGANIC-CARBON FLUX; K-T BOUNDARY; DEEP-SEA; NEW-JERSEY; BOLIDE-IMPACT; MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION AB The Chickahominy Formation is the initial postimpact deposit in the 85km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact crater, which is centered under the town of Cape Charles, Virginia, USA. The formation comprises dominantly microfossil-rich, silty, marine clay, which accumulated during the final similar to 1.6myr flute Eocene time. At cored sites, the Chickahominy Formation is 16.8-93.7m thick, and fills a series of small troughs and subbasins, which subdivide the larger Chickahominy basin. Nine coreholes drilled through the Chickahominy Formation (five inside the crater, two near the crater margin, and two similar to 3km outside the crater) record the stratigraphic and paleoecologic succession of 301 indigenous species of benthic foraminifera, as well as associated planktonic foraminifera and bolboformids. Two hundred twenty of these benthic species are described herein, and illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs. The Chickahominy Formation can be categorized as a single benthic foraminiferal biozone (Cibicidoides pippeni Biozone), subdivided into five subzones, in stratigraphic order from bottom to top: Bulimina jacksonensis Subzone; Lagenoglandulina virginiana Subzone; Uvigerina dumblei Subzone; Bolivina tectiformis Subzone, and; Siphonina jacksonensis Subzone. Two planktonic datums and four benthic datums provide a biochronostratigraphic framework in which to estimate the duration and temporal distribution patterns of discrete microfossil assemblages. A paleoseral succession from pioneer to equilibrium paleocommunities reflects the temporal and spatial evolution from early unstable benthic paleoenvironments to later stable benthic paleoenvironments. Initial reoccupation of the newly formed crater basin is marked by a dramatic immigration of 32 indigenous species, which replaced the sparse, entirely reworked (allochthonous) foraminiferal assemblages of a preceding inhospitable dead zone. At all nine core sites, attainment of benthic paleoenvironmental equilibrium (29-190kyr postimpact) is signaled by a notable reduction in the number of new immigrant species arriving in the Chickahominy basin. In addition, at five sites inside the crater, early unstable benthic paleoenvironments can be differentiated from later stable benthic paleoenvironments by the presence of an agglutinated Psammosiphonella biofacies in basal Chickahominy strata and a shift from short-term to long-term benthic foraminiferal generic dominance facies. Restriction of the dead zone and Psammosiphonella biofacies to intracrater sites indicates unusual benthic paleoenvironmental conditions (warm, saline bottomwater and porewater) derived from the impact, which lasted as long as similar to 350kyr postimpact at one site. Absence of key planktonic foraminiferal and Bolboforma species in early Chickahominy sediments indicates that detrimental effects of the impact also disturbed the upper oceanic water column for at least 80-100kyr postimpact. Nine genera (Bolivina, Uvigerina, Gyroidinoides, Globocassidulina, Angulogerina, Nuttallides, Cibicidina, Caucasina, Epistominella) and two generic groups (buliminids, stilostomellids) are the most abundant taxa among 17 generic dominance facies that characterize Chickahominy core sites. Most dominant taxa were epifaunal or shallow in faunal opportunists, which thrived under conditions of oxygen depletion (dysoxia) and high organic flux rates. After an average of similar to 73kyr of stressed, rapidly fluctuating paleoenvironments, which were destabilized by after-effects of the impact, most of the cored Chickahominy subbasins maintained stable, nutrient-rich, low-oxygen bottom waters and interstitial microhabitats for the remaining similar to 1.3myr of late Eocene time. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Poag, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wpoag@usgs.gov FU Deep Sea Drilling Project; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Hampton Roads Planning District Commission; International Continental Drilling Program; Geology Department of the College of William and Mary; Louisiana State University Department of Geology; Marine Biological Laboratory; NASA Langley Research Center; National Aeronautical and Atmospheric Administration; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Ocean Drilling Program; Texaco Oil Company; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX I am grateful to a host of colleagues and organizations who have contributed to this study over the past 21 years. 1) For sample collection and preparation: Scott Bruce, Laurel Bybell, Art Clark, Fred Collier, Tom Cronin, Henning Dypvik, Lucy Edwards, Norm Frederiksen, Greg Gohn, Harry Hansen, Wright Horton, Megan Jones, Gerald Johnson, Chris Koeberl, Doris Low, Randy McFarland, Kate McMillan, Ken Miller, Bob Mixon, Philip Molzer, Larry Poppe, Dave Powars, Don Queen, Jim Quick, Uwe Reimold, Steve Schindler, Jean Self-Trail, Matt Smith, Bob Stamm, Buck Ward, and Rob Weems; 2) For other data and technical analyses: John Costain, Bill Glass, Jack Hathaway, Barry Erwin, Glen Izett, Myung Lee, Ron Litwin, Edward Mankinen, Andrew Meng, and Richard Norris; 3) For geophysical data: Warren Agena, Tom Aldrich, Carl Bowin, Steve Colman, Steve Curtin, A.R. Danforth, John Diebold, Dave Foster, Parish Erwin, John Evans, Debbie Hutchinson, Jeremy Loss, Joe Newell, Dave Nichols, Tommy O'Brien, Jeff Plescia, and Nancy Soderberg,; 4) For photography and scanning electron microscopy: Dann Blackwood, Bob Commeau, Judy Commeau, and Louie Kerr; 5) For funding, facilities, and data: Deep Sea Drilling Project, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Hampton Roads Planning District Commission, International Continental Drilling Program, Geology Department of the College of William and Mary, Louisiana State University Department of Geology, Marine Biological Laboratory, NASA Langley Research Center, National Aeronautical and Atmospheric Administration, National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation, Ocean Drilling Program, Texaco Oil Company, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 6) For enthusiastic encouragement and insightful advice: Marie-Pierre Aubry, Bill Berggren, Dave Folger, Chris Koeberl, Uwe Reimold, Abby Salinger, Bill Schwab, Gene Shoemaker, Jeff Williams, and Richie Williams. Kenneth Finger and Kristin McDougall-Reid kindly took on the huge job of reviewing the original typescript. NR 478 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 206 PG 208 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 977DS UT WOS:000306637200001 ER PT J AU Sedinger, JS Blomberg, EJ VanDellen, AW Byers, S AF Sedinger, James S. Blomberg, Erik J. VanDellen, Amanda W. Byers, Stephanie TI Environmental and Population Strain Effects on Survival of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in Walker Lake, Nevada: A Bayesian Approach SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; WILD; HATCHERY; RATES; SALINITY; RAINBOW; WATER AB Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi are listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Populations inhabiting terminal lakes in the Great Basin of Utah and adjacent states face increasing salinity associated with increased anthropogenic use of water and climate change. We used tag recovery models and Markov chain-Monte Carlo methods to assess models of variation in annual survival and tag recovery rates for two genetic strains (Pilot Peak and Pyramid Lake) of Lahontan cutthroat trout stocked into Walker Lake, Nevada, from 1998 to 2008. The best-performing model of annual survival and tag recoveries allowed recovery probability in the first year after release to differ from subsequent recovery rates. The best model contained an interaction between strain and total dissolved solids (TDS) for annual survival. That is, the annual survival of both strains declined as TDS increased, but the Pilot Peak strain was more sensitive to TDS than was the Pyramid Lake strain. The annual survival of fish from the Pilot Peak strain was higher than that of the Pyramid Lake strain at all but the highest TDS levels. Although TDS levels in 2005-2008 were too high to warrant continued stocking of cutthroat trout into Walker Lake, if flows into Walker Lake are increased sufficiently to return TDS levels to those of the late 1990s, the Pilot Peak strain should be stocked. C1 [Sedinger, James S.; Blomberg, Erik J.; VanDellen, Amanda W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blomberg, Erik J.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Byers, Stephanie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu FU Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was funded by the Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Analysis was supported by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. T. Anderson, J. Bigelow, D. Bloomquist, E. Culver, A. Donnell, G. Emm, R. Hinz, J. Hoang, E. Horgen, E. Kelly, B. Ladago, C. Luton, T. Loux, R. Peka, D. Rabbers, D. Schildt, J. Steele, P. Solberger, K. Tisdale, J. Vasquez, C. Williams, and K. Wright all assisted with field work. L. Heki enthusiastically supported the work administratively. C. Luton also assisted with data management. Animal handling procedures were approved by the University of Nevada Reno Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee: protocol number A07/08-15. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675957 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TI UT WOS:000306459500001 ER PT J AU Crumpton, RL Henne, JP Ware, KM AF Crumpton, Roman L. Henne, James P. Ware, Kent M. TI Marking Otoliths and Fin Spines of Juvenile Shortnose Sturgeon with Oxytetracycline and the Effects of Water Temperature during Treatment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; FISH; AGE AB In order to evaluate a stocking program for shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum that uses captive propagation to supplement wild populations, methods are needed to differentiate wild and hatchery-reared individuals. Recently, methods have been established for marking juvenile shortnose sturgeon in oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) baths, and the marks have been confirmed on both sagittal otoliths and first-ray pectoral fin spines. However, considerable variability of mark quality has been observed on both structures, and sacrificing the fish for otolith removal is undesirable due to the shortnose sturgeon's endangered status. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of water temperature during OTC marking on otolith and fin during OTC quality and to determine whether fin spines are as reliable as otoliths for detecting OTC marks. Six groups (N = 90) of hatchery-produced shortnose sturgeon fingerlings were exposed to 750-mg/L OTC baths for 12 h at two temperatures (heated and ambient). After marking was complete, fish were raised for 21 d, then euthanized. Otoliths and fin spines were independently analyzed by two readers, and a mark quality score (0, 1, or 2) was assigned based upon detectability. Fish marked at warmer temperatures (heated treatment) exhibited superior mark quality (mean +/- standard error of the mean mark quality = 1.78 +/- 0.07) on their otoliths than those marked in the cooler baths (ambient treatment; 1.27 +/- 0.09). Similar results were observed for fin spines. Mark quality on fin spines and otoliths was not found to be significantly different. This research demonstrates the ability to chemically mark otoliths and fin spines of juvenile shortnose sturgeon with similar and predictable results. C1 [Crumpton, Roman L.; Henne, James P.; Ware, Kent M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA. RP Crumpton, RL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, 7030 Bears Bluff Rd, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29487 USA. EM roman_crumpton@fws.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675951 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TI UT WOS:000306459500002 ER PT J AU Scoppettone, GG Rissler, PH Shea, SP Somer, W AF Scoppettone, G. Gary Rissler, Peter H. Shea, Sean P. Somer, William TI Effect of Brook Trout Removal from a Spawning Stream on an Adfluvial Population of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE LAKE; SALMO-TRUTTA; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; INTRODUCED LAKE; MIGRATORY TROUT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; GENETIC-CONTROL; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; RATES AB Independence Lake (Nevada and Sierra counties, California) harbors the only extant native population of Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the Truckee River system and one of two extant adfluvial populations in the Lahontan basin. The persistence of this population has been precarious for more than 50 years, with spawning runs consisting of only 30-150 fish. It is assumed that this population was much larger prior to the introduction of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Brook trout overlap with cutthroat trout in upper Independence Creek, where the cutthroat trout spawn and their resulting progeny emigrate to Independence Lake. In 2005, we began removing brook trout from upper Independence Creek using electrofishers and monitored the cutthroat trout population. Stomach analysis of captured brook trout revealed cutthroat trout fry, and cutthroat trout fry survival increased significantly from 4% to 12% with brook trout removal. Prior to brook trout removal, the only Lahontan cutthroat trout progeny emigrating to Independence Lake were fry; with brook trout removal, juveniles were found entering the lake. In 2010, 237 potential spawners passed a prefabricated weir upstream of Independence Lake. Although the results of this study suggest that brook trout removal from upper Independence Creek has had a positive influence on the population dynamics of Independence Lake Lahontan cutthroat trout, additional years of removal are needed to assess the ultimate effect this action will have upon the cutthroat trout population. C1 [Scoppettone, G. Gary; Rissler, Peter H.; Shea, Sean P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Somer, William] Calif Dept Fish & Game, N Cent Reg, Heritage & Wild Trout Program, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Scoppettone, GG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, 1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 161, Reno, NV 89509 USA. EM gary_scoppettone@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Nature Conservancy FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this project and The Nature Conservancy for contributing funds. We thank the Truckee River Watershed Council, California Trout Unlimited, and The Nature Conservancy for providing equipment to execute the project. Thanks to Truckee Meadows Water Authority, NV Energy, and The Nature Conservancy for granting access to Independence Lake. Numerous people assisted in this project from the following agencies and conservation organizations: California Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, The Nature Conservancy, California Trout Unlimited, and Truckee River Watershed Council. We thank Mary Peacock and Mark Fabes for their critical review of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 586 EP 596 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675958 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TI UT WOS:000306459500012 ER PT J AU Rose, BP Mesa, MG AF Rose, Brien P. Mesa, Matthew G. TI Effectiveness of Common Fish Screen Materials to Protect Lamprey Ammocoetes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; WATER DIVERSION; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Understanding the effects of irrigation diversions on populations of Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata in the Columbia River basin is needed for their recovery. We tested the effectiveness of five common fish screen materials for excluding lamprey ammocoetes: interlock (IL), vertical bar (VB), perforated plate (PP), and 12-gauge and 14-gauge wire cloth (WC12) and (WC14). When fish (28-153 mm) were exposed for 60 min to screen panels perpendicular to an approach velocity of 12 cm/s in a recirculating flume, the percentage of ammocoetes entrained (i.e., passed through the screen) was 26% for the IL, 18% for the PP, 33% for the VB, 62% for the WC14, and 65% for the WC12 screens. For all screens, most fish were entrained within the first 15-20 min. Fish length significantly influenced entrainment, with the PP, VB, and IL screens preventing fish greater than 50-65 mm from entrainment and the WC14 and WC12 screens preventing entrainment of fish greater than 90-110 mm. Fish of all sizes repeatedly became impinged (i.e., contacting the screen for more than 1 s) on the screens, with the frequency of impingement events increasing during the first 5 min and becoming relatively stable thereafter. Impingement ranges were highest on the IL screen (36-62%), lowest on the WC14 and WC12 screens (13-31%), and intermediate on the PP and VB screens (23-54%). However, the WC14 and WC12 screens had fewer and larger fish remaining as time elapsed because so many were entrained. For all screen types, injuries were rare and minor, and no fish died after overnight posttest holding. Our results indicate that wire cloth screens should be replaced, where practical, with perforated plate, vertical bar, or interlocking bar screens to reduce lamprey entrainment at water diversions. C1 [Rose, Brien P.; Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU Umatilla Indian Reservation; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Bureau of Reclamation; Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission FX We thank Aaron Jackson of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Jody Brostrom and Dan Shively of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sue Camp and Ron Eggers of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and Bob Heinith and Brian McIlraith of the Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission for technical and financial assistance. For technical advice and coordination with the Fish Screen Oversight Committee we thank Michael Lambert, Ray Hartlerode, Ken Frisby, and Alan Ritchey of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Patrick Schille and Chuck Lenberg of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and David Ward of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority. For editorial and laboratory assistance we recognize Chris Dixon, Gabriel Hansen, Joe Warren, and Lisa Weiland of the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Comments by David Geist and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 76 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.678965 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TI UT WOS:000306459500013 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Rose, BP Copeland, ES AF Mesa, Matthew G. Rose, Brien P. Copeland, Elizabeth S. TI Field-Based Evaluations of Horizontal Flat-Plate Fish Screens, II: Testing of a Unique Off-Stream Channel Device-the Farmers Screen SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WATER DIVERSION; PERFORMANCE AB Screens are installed at water diversion sites to reduce entrainment of fish. Recently, the Farmers Irrigation District (Oregon) developed a unique flat-plate screen (the "Farmers Screen") that operates passively and may offer reduced installation and operating costs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this screen on fish, we conducted two separate field experiments. First, juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were released over a working version of this screen under a range of inflows (0.02-0.42 m(3)/s) and diversion flows (0.02-0.34 m(3)/s) at different water depths. Mean approach velocities ranged from 0 to 5 cm/s and sweeping velocities ranged from 36 to 178 cm/s. Water depths over the screen surface ranged from 1 to 25 cm and were directly related to inflow. Passage of fish over the screen under these conditions did not severely injure them or cause delayed mortality, and no fish were observed becoming impinged on the screen surface. Second, juvenile coho salmon and steelhead O. mykiss were released at the upstream end of a 34-m flume and allowed to volitionally move downstream and pass over a 3.5-m section of the Farmers Screen to determine whether fish would refuse to pass over the screen after encountering its leading edge. For coho salmon, 75-95% of the fish passed over the screen within 5 min and 82-98% passed within 20 min, depending on hydraulic conditions. For steelhead, 47-90% of the fish passed over the screen within 5 min and 79-95% passed within 20 min. Our results indicate that when operated within its design criteria, the Farmers Screen provides safe and efficient downstream passage of juvenile salmonids under a variety of hydraulic conditions. C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Rose, Brien P.; Copeland, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov FU Farmers Conservation Alliance FX We thank Julie Davies O'Shea, Daniel Kleinsmith, Les Perkins, and Roy Slayton of The Farmers Conservation Alliance for financial and technical support; Jerry Bryan for his expertise and advice on the Farmers Screen; Duane Banks and his staff from the Oxbow Fish Hatchery for use of their facility and technical assistance; Bryan Nordlund, Michelle Day, and Larry Swenson of NMFS for early discussions and advice on our study; and staff from the Columbia River Research Laboratory for their assistance in the field. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.678966 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TI UT WOS:000306459500014 ER PT J AU Dagel, JD Miranda, LE AF Dagel, Jonah D. Miranda, L. E. TI Backwaters in the Upper Reaches of Reservoirs Produce High Densities of Age-0 Crappies SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; RECRUITMENT VARIATION; RIVER-RESERVOIR; CLASS STRENGTH; ZOOPLANKTON; FISH; HYDROLOGY; TENNESSEE; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Reservoir backwaters are aquatic habitats in floodplains of reservoir tributaries that are permanently or periodically flooded by the reservoir. Like many reservoir arms, backwaters are commonly shallow, littoral habitats, but they differ from arms in various respects, including their support of primarily wetland plant assemblages that are tolerant to flooding. Elsewhere, the reservoir floods mainly upland plants that are less tolerant to flooding, producing a band of barren shoreline along the fluctuation zone. We investigated differences in relative abundance of age-0 crappies Pomoxis spp. in backwaters and arms of widely fluctuating flood control reservoirs, examined the effect of water level, and estimated the likelihood and timing with which these habitats are flooded annually. Higher catch rates of age-0 crappies were obtained in backwater habitats than in arm habitats. When inundated during the crappie spawning season, backwaters provided vegetated habitat at lower water levels than arms. Backwaters flooded earlier than arms and remained flooded longer to provide prolonged nursery habitat. Whereas vegetated habitat was inundated almost yearly in backwaters and arms, inundation that was timed to the onset of spawning occurred less regularly. Because of differences in water elevation, vegetated habitats were flooded in time for crappie spawning about every other year in backwaters but only every third year in arms. Recruitment of age-0 crappies was inversely correlated with high water levels during the months preceding the spawning period, perhaps because early flooding degraded the vegetation. Our results suggest that water levels may be managed during late winter and spring to regularly flood wetland vegetation communities in backwaters; however, water levels should be maintained at or below normal pool and should only irregularly flood upland vegetation in reservoir arms to promote the preservation of such vegetation. Furthermore, management efforts to enhance crappie recruitment should consider the enhancement and preservation of backwaters. C1 [Dagel, Jonah D.] Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Dagel, JD (reprint author), Waterville Area Fisheries, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 50317 Fish Hatchery Rd, Waterville, MN 56096 USA. EM jonah.dagel@state.mn.us FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks FX We thank Sky Wigen, Ted Alfermann, Dan Dembkowski, and Rebecca Krogman for helping with field work, and Keith Meals for contributing local knowledge about the study reservoirs. Mike Quist and Wes Neal provided constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 626 EP 634 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675948 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TL UT WOS:000306460000002 ER PT J AU Archdeacon, TP Remshardt, WJ AF Archdeacon, Thomas P. Remshardt, W. Jason TI Observations of Hatchery-Reared Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Using a Fishway SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRAGMENTATION; MOVEMENTS; STREAM; FISHES; BASIN; RIVER AB We designed a study to determine if Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus, an endangered species, would use an instream, rock channel fishway on the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico. We implanted 6,657 Rio Grande silvery minnow with passive integrated transponders and used a passive scanning station with two antennas located within the fishway to document movements from seven release locations, up to 19.7 km upstream and 13.5 km downstream of the diversion dam. Between 11 March and 21 August 2011, 243 individuals were detected (3.7% of all fish released), with 74.1% fish being detected from upstream release sites and 25.9% from downstream release sites. We determined 14 Rio Grande silvery minnow successfully ascended the fishway, and an additional 20 fish from downstream release locations were detected on the upstream antenna only, inferring passage. We conclude Rio Grande silvery minnow can use appropriately constructed fishways. C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Remshardt, W. Jason] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Archdeacon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM thomas_archdeacon@fws.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.681013 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TL UT WOS:000306460000004 ER PT J AU Fredricks, KT Meinertz, JR Ambrose, RD Jackan, LM Wise, JK Gaikowski, MP AF Fredricks, Kim T. Meinertz, Jeffery R. Ambrose, Ryan D. Jackan, Leanna M. Wise, Jeremy K. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Feeding Response of Sport Fish after Electrical Immobilization, Chemical Sedation, or Both SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; CLOVE OIL; STRESS; EFFICACY AB Fishery managers frequently capture wild fish for a variety of fishery management activities. Though some activities can be accomplished without immobilizing the fish, others are accomplished more readily, humanely, and safely (for both the handler and the fish) when fish are immobilized by physical (e. g., electrical immobilization) or chemical sedation. A concern regarding the use of chemical sedatives is that chemical residues may remain in the fillet tissue after the fish recovers from sedation. If those residues are harmful to humans, there is some risk that a postsedated fish released to public waters may be caught and consumed by an angler. To characterize this risk, a series of four trials were conducted. Three trials assessed feeding activity after hatchery-reared fish were electrically immobilized, chemically sedated, or both, and one trial assessed the likelihood of an angler catching a wild fish that had been electrically immobilized and chemically sedated. Results from the first trial indicated that the feeding activity of laboratory habituated fish was variable among and within species after electrical immobilization, chemical sedation, or both. Results from the second trial indicated that the resumption of feeding activity was rapid after being mildly sedated for 45 min. Results from the third trial indicated that the feeding activity of outdoor, hatchery-reared fish was relatively aggressive after fish had been chemically sedated. Results from the fourth trial indicated that the probability of capturing wild fish in a more natural environment by angling after fish had been electrically immobilized and chemically sedated is not likely, i.e., in a group of five fish caught, 3 out of 100 times one would be a fish that had been sedated. C1 [Fredricks, Kim T.; Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Ambrose, Ryan D.; Jackan, Leanna M.; Wise, Jeremy K.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Fredricks, KT (reprint author), Viterbo Univ, 900 Viterbo Dr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM ktfredricks@viterbo.edu OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 679 EP 686 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.686955 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974TL UT WOS:000306460000008 ER PT J AU Simpson, WG Ostrand, KG AF Simpson, William G. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Effects of Entrainment and Bypass at Screened Irrigation Canals on Juvenile Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; DELAYED MORTALITY; CUTTHROAT TROUT; UMATILLA RIVER; FISH SCREEN; TEMPERATURE; SMOLTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Expensive bypass screens have been installed throughout the western United States to prevent the entrainment of valuable anadromous salmonids into irrigation canals. However, few studies have quantified the annual extent and variability of entrainment and bypass success for anadromous salmonids emigrating through screened irrigation diversion networks in a basinwide context. By monitoring the movement of hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss surrogates marked with passive integrated transponder tags through three irrigation canals, we estimated canal entrainment, bypass success, and survival for threatened juvenile steelhead emigrating from the Umatilla River in northeast Oregon. Annual entrainment of steelhead was positively related to the days of canal operation and negatively related to mean seasonal river flow. The relationship between flow and entrainment differed by canal; as a result, steelhead entrainment was not always greatest at canals with the largest water diversion rates. Binary models (steelhead entrainment or no entrainment) that best described daily entrainment depicted the influence of annual differences in river flows on canal entrainment and indicated that this relationship can change under different values of thermal experience (sum of daily mean temperatures). Most of the entrained hatchery steelhead (range = 97-100%) were returned to the river by screened bypasses, even when large percentages of the steelhead population were entrained. Based on similarities in movement, hatchery steelhead were good surrogates for the entrainment of naturally reared steelhead. We estimated that the three fish screens in the Umatilla River basin prevented losses of up to 25% of the steelhead population to irrigation canals over 5 years. Interannual variability in fish entrainment should be considered when monitoring irrigation canals, and managers should not necessarily limit entrainment monitoring or screening projects to canals that divert the most water. C1 [Simpson, William G.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Simpson, WG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM william_simpson@fws.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank C. Sater, K. Steinke, J. Anderson, J. Gasvoda, R. Pastor, J. Hanson, W. Stonecypher, C. Contor, and T. White for their assistance with this study. We thank three anonymous reviewers that greatly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation provided funding for this study. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.683473 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100004 ER PT J AU Zuray, S Kocan, R Hershberger, P AF Zuray, Stanley Kocan, Richard Hershberger, Paul TI Synchronous Cycling of Ichthyophoniasis with Chinook Salmon Density Revealed during the Annual Yukon River Spawning Migration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOFERI; DISEASE; RECOVERY AB Populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Yukon River declined by more than 57% between 2003 and 2010, probably the result of a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors. One possible contributor to this decline is Ichthyophonus, a mesomycetozoan parasite that has previously been implicated in significant losses of fish, including Chinook salmon. A multiyear epidemiological study of ichthyophoniasis in the Yukon River revealed that disease prevalence and Chinook salmon population abundance increased and decreased simultaneously (i.e., were concordant) from 1999 to 2010. The two values rose and fell synchronously 91% of the time for female Chinook salmon and 82% of the time for males; however, there was no significant correlation between Ichthyophonus prevalence and population abundance. This synchronicity might be explained by a single factor, such as a prey item that is critical to Chinook salmon survival as well as a source of Ichthyophonus infection. The host-parasite relationship between Ichthyophonus and migrating Chinook salmon from 2004 to 2010 was similar to that reported for the previous 5 years. During 2004-2010, overall disease prevalence was significantly higher among females (21%) than among males (8%), increased linearly with fish length for both males and females, and increased in both sexes as the fish progressed upriver. These regularly occurring features of host-parasite dynamics confirm a stable base of transmission for Ichthyophonus. However, from 2003 to 2010, disease prevalence decreased from 30% to just 8% in males and from 45% to 9% in females, paralleling a similar decline in Chinook salmon abundance during the same period. These findings may help clarify questions regarding the complex host-parasite dynamics that occur in marine species such as herrings Clupea spp., which have less well-defined population structures. C1 [Kocan, Richard] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zuray, Stanley] Rapids Res Ctr, Tanana, AK 99777 USA. [Hershberger, Paul] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98338 USA. RP Kocan, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kocan@uw.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06NMF4380119]; Yukon River Panel; ADFG; Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association FX We thank the following for funding: the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Award Number NA06NMF4380119); Yukon River Panel; ADFG; and Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association. We thank J. Skalski (School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington) for statistical consultation; T. Underwood, D. Daum, R. Brown, C. Apodaca, and K. P. Zuray for project evaluation; J. Roberts and F. Peters (Tanana Tribal Council) for project evaluation; and R. Conrad, K. Zuray, S. Erhart, C. Campbell, T. Peters, J. Zuray, H. Weihl, E. Conrad, C. Conrad, F. Weihl, B. Erhart, and H. Brigham for technical assistance. We also thank the following cooperators: Campbell family fish camp, Zuray-Peters camp, Johnson camp, O'Brien camp, Erhart camp, Boulding camp, Hugny-Farr camp, and V. Umphenour (Interior Alaska Fish Processors). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.683476 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100006 ER PT J AU Franklin, AE Haro, A Castro-Santos, T Noreika, J AF Franklin, Abigail E. Haro, Alex Castro-Santos, Theodore Noreika, John TI Evaluation of Nature-Like and Technical Fishways for the Passage of Alewives at Two Coastal Streams in New England SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BYPASS CHANNEL; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; RIVER; EFFICIENCY; LAKE; DAM AB Nature-like fishways have been designed with the intent to reconnect river corridors and provide passage for all species occurring in a system. The approach is gaining popularity both in Europe and North America, but performance of these designs has not been quantitatively evaluated in a field setting for any North American species. Two nature-like fishways and three technical fishways in New England were evaluated for passage of anadromous adult alewives Alosa pseudoharengus by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. A perturbation boulder rock ramp (32 m long; 4.2% slope) constructed in Town Brook (Plymouth, Massachusetts) passed 94% of the fish that made passage attempts, with most fish ascending the ramp in less than 22 min. In the East River (Guilford, Connecticut), a step-pool bypass design (48 m long; 7.1% slope) passed only 40% of attempting fish, with a median transit time of 75 min. In Town Brook, a technical pool-and-weir fishway (14 m long; 14.3% slope) exhibited poor entry and poor passage for the fish. In contrast, in the East River, two technical steeppass fishways (3 m long; 29.6% and 9.6% slopes) passed the majority of available fish, although one of these steeppass fishways may have lacked sufficient flow to attract fish to the entrance. In both Town Brook and the East River, tagged fish passed rapidly downstream through all fishways after spawning. In the East River, the amount of time fish spent in the spawning habitat before migrating downstream ranged from 1 to 41 d. These studies demonstrate that some nature-like and technical fishway designs can effectively facilitate passage of alewives, but a fishway's location in relation to a spillway is important, and further evaluations are required to more precisely identify the influence of the vertical drop per pool and the specific local hydraulics on alewife behaviors and passage performance. C1 [Franklin, Abigail E.] Cape Cod Conservat Dist, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. [Haro, Alex; Castro-Santos, Theodore; Noreika, John] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Franklin, AE (reprint author), Cape Cod Conservat Dist, POB 678,270 Commun Way, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. EM abigail.franklin@ma.usda.gov OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Restoration Center; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory; Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Guilford Lakes Watershed Association; town of Plymouth FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Restoration Center; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory; Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; Guilford Lakes Watershed Association; and the town of Plymouth. We thank Steve Walk and Phil Rocasah for providing technical assistance during fieldwork, and we are grateful to Jim Turek, Tim Hughes, Jerry Silbert, David Gould, David Ellis, and Maria Ferrara and family for assistance and logistic support during the field season. Cynthia Franklin, Jonathan Franklin, Garth Hodge, Cristina Kennedy, Sean Lucey, Rod Rowan, Kate Taylor, and two anonymous reviewers read early drafts of this manuscript and provided helpful recommendations. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 624 EP 637 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.683469 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100007 ER PT J AU Gorsky, D Zydlewski, J Basley, D AF Gorsky, Dimitry Zydlewski, Joseph Basley, David TI Characterizing Seasonal Habitat Use and Diel Vertical Activity of Lake Whitefish in Clear Lake, Maine, as Determined with Acoustic Telemetry SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC LAKE; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH; TEMPERATURE; LAVARETUS; LIGHT; SEGREGATION AB Seasonal and daily vertical activity of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis was studied in Clear Lake, Maine (253 ha), using acoustic telemetry from November 2004 to June 2009. Twenty adult lake whitefish were tagged with acoustic tags that had either a depth sensor or both depth and temperature sensors to assess vertical habitat use at a seasonal and daily resolution. Vertical habitat selection varied seasonally and was strongly influenced by temperature. Between December and April, when the lake was covered with ice, surface temperature was below 2 degrees C and tagged individuals occupied deep areas of the lake (similar to 15 m). After ice-out, fish ascended into shallow waters (similar to 5 m), responding to increased water temperature and possibly to greater foraging opportunity. When surface water temperatures exceeded 20 degrees C, fish descended below the developing thermocline (similar to 9 m), where they remained until surface temperatures fell below 20 degrees C; fish then ascended into shallower depths, presumably for feeding and spawning. Through the winter, fish remained in thermal habitats that were warmer than the surface temperatures; in the summer, they selected depths with thermal habitats below 15 degrees C. Though the amplitude varied greatly across seasons, lake whitefish displayed a strong diurnal pattern of activity as measured by vertical velocities. Fish were twofold more active during spring, summer, and fall than during winter. Lake whitefish exhibited diel vertical migrations, rising in the water column during nighttime and occupying deeper waters during the day. This pattern was more pronounced in the spring and fall and far less prominent during winter and summer. The strong linkage between temperature and habitat use may limit the current range of lake whitefish and may be directly impacted by climatic change. C1 [Gorsky, Dimitry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Basley, David] Ashland Reg Headquarters, Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Ashland, ME 04732 USA. RP Gorsky, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 405 N French Rd,Suite 120A, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. EM dimitry_gorsky@fws.gov FU Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine FX We would like to extend our appreciation to Peter Bourque and John Boland (Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife) for their cooperation and support for this project. Frank Frost and Derrick Cote (Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife) provided invaluable field support in fish collection, tagging, and travel assistance, and we also thank Michael Bailey and Silas Ratten for field assistance. This research was supported by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 761 EP 771 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675905 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100018 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Gorman, OT Roseman, EF AF Pothoven, Steven A. Bunnell, David B. Madenjian, Charles P. Gorman, Owen T. Roseman, Edward F. TI Energy Density of Bloaters in the Upper Great Lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-HOYI GILL; LONG-TERM TRENDS; FISH COMMUNITY; MYSIS-RELICTA; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; DIPOREIA SPP.; BODY-SIZE; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; HURON AB We evaluated the energy density of bloaters Coregonus hoyi as a function of fish size across Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior in 2008-2009 and assessed how differences in energy density are related to factors such as biomass density of bloaters and availability of prey. Additional objectives were to compare energy density between sexes and to compare energy densities of bloaters in Lake Michigan between two time periods (1998-2001 and 2008-2009). For the cross-lake comparisons in 2008, energy density increased with fish total length (TL) only in Lake Michigan. Mean energy density adjusted for fish size was 8% higher in bloaters from Lake Superior than in bloaters from Lake Huron. Relative to fish in these two lakes, small (<125 mm TL) bloaters from Lake Michigan had lower energy density, whereas large (>175 mm TL) bloaters had higher energy density. In 2009, energy density increased with bloater size, and mean energy density adjusted for fish size was about 9% higher in Lake Michigan than in Lake Huron (Lake Superior was not sampled during 2009). Energy density of bloaters in Lake Huron was generally the lowest among lakes, reflecting the relatively low densities of opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana and the relatively high biomass of bloaters reported for that lake. Other factors, such as energy content of prey, growing season, or ontogenetic differences in energy use strategies, may also influence cross-lake variation in energy density. Mean energy density adjusted for length was 7% higher for female bloaters than for male bloaters in Lakes Michigan and Huron. In Lake Superior, energy density did not differ between males and females. Finally, energy density of bloaters in Lake Michigan was similar between the periods 2008-2009 and 1998-2001, possibly due to a low population abundance of bloaters, which could offset food availability changes linked to the loss of prey such as the amphipods Diporeia spp. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Roseman, Edward F.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675911 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100019 ER PT J AU Kohler, AE Pearsons, TN Zendt, JS Mesa, MG Johnson, CL Connolly, PJ AF Kohler, Andre E. Pearsons, Todd N. Zendt, Joseph S. Mesa, Matthew G. Johnson, Christopher L. Connolly, Patrick J. TI Nutrient Enrichment with Salmon Carcass Analogs in the Columbia River Basin, USA: A Stream Food Web Analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SPAWNING SALMON AB Anadromous fishes represent an important ecosystem linkage between marine and inland aquatic and terrestrial habitats. These fishes carry organic matter and marine-derived nutrient (MDN) subsidies across a vast landscape, often with profound influences on recipient ecosystem food web structure and function. In the Columbia River basin, century-long declines in the abundance of anadromous fish populations have focused attention on potential mitigation efforts to address MDN deficits. In this study, we evaluate components of the stream food web response (periphyton, macroinvertebrate, and fish) to pasteurized salmon carcass analog (SCA) treatments in 15 streams across the Columbia River basin. Periphyton standing crop, macroinvertebrate density, and salmonid fish growth rates and stomach fullness measures increased following the addition of SCA. We found no significant change in dissolved nutrient concentrations after treatment, suggesting that biological demand exceeded supply. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures confirmed trophic transfer from SCA to lower trophic levels but were noticeably weak in fish tissue samples despite our marked growth and stomach fullness measures. These data indicate that SCA has the potential to increase the productivity of nutrient-limited freshwater ecosystems and may provide a nutrient mitigation tool in ecosystems where MDNs are severely limited or unavailable. C1 [Kohler, Andre E.] Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.; Johnson, Christopher L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Zendt, Joseph S.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Klickitat Field Off, Klickitat, WA 98628 USA. [Mesa, Matthew G.; Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Kohler, AE (reprint author), Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, POB 306, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. EM akohler@sbtribes.com FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [2001-055-00, 5636] FX We thank Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for funding this work under an Innovative Project 2001-055-00, Contract 5636. We thank Peter Lofy for administering the BPA contract. We also thank Bio-Oregon for producing the analogs. Many people contributed substantially to the accomplishment of the projects including: Kenneth Ariwite, Robert Trahant, Doug Taki, Anthony Fritts, Gabriel Temple, Phillip Smith, Natalia Pitts, Neal Burres, Sandy Pinkham, Rodger Begay, Isadore Honanie, Roger Stahi, William Wesley, Chelsey Moss, Bill Flett, Ernie Reynolds, Rolf Evenson, Bill Sharp, Cynthia Magie, Craig Robinson, Elizabeth Copeland, Tony Meyer, Nello Picinich, Sheila North, and Kurt Carpenter. Thanks are extended to Kathy Krogslund for conducting the water chemistry analyses. We thank Andy Albaugh from the National Marine Fisheries Service laboratory for preparing the isotope samples and calculating AFDM of the periphyton samples. We also thank the University of Alaska for sampling tissues for isotopes. The work benefited from discussions with Hal Michael, Ken Ashley, Bert Lewis, Beth Sanderson, Bob Bilby, Robert Roley, and Peter Kiffney. Michael Kohler, Heather Ray, and Aren Eddingsaas provided comments that improved the manuscript. Anonymous reviewers and Ernest Keeley provided valuable statistical guidance. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 50 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 3 BP 802 EP 824 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.676380 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UE UT WOS:000306462100022 ER PT J AU Drinan, DP Zale, AV Webb, MAH Shepard, BB Kalinowski, ST AF Drinan, Daniel P. Zale, Alexander V. Webb, Molly A. H. Shepard, Bradley B. Kalinowski, Steven T. TI Evidence of Local Adaptation in Westslope Cutthroat Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; EXTINCTION; WILD; RECOVERY AB An understanding of the process of local adaptation would allow managers to better protect and conserve species. Many salmonids are in need of such efforts, and because they often persist in differing, isolated environments, they are useful organisms for studying local adaptation. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of salmonids provides a likely target for natural selection. We studied thermal adaptation in four wild populations and one hatchery stock of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. The mean summer temperatures of source streams ranged from 6.7 degrees C to 11.2 degrees C. Embryos were collected from the wild, and embryonic development, embryonic survival, and juvenile growth were determined. A significant relationship between median embryonic survival and source stream temperature was detected. Based on a rank test, populations from colder streams had a greater decline in median embryonic survival at warm temperatures than populations from warmer streams. Embryonic development and juvenile growth did not appear to be influenced by source. These findings suggest that populations are thermally adapted to their source streams and this should be considered by managers. However, further study is necessary to sort out the potential confounding factors, whether genetic or epigenetic. C1 [Drinan, Daniel P.; Shepard, Bradley B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Drinan, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ddrinan@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456] FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB 0717456. Thanks to Chris Clancy, Lee Nelson, and Dave Moser, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Thanks to Chris Hooley, Jason Ilgen, Aaron Nistler, and Matt Toner, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Thanks to Tessa Andrews, Mathew Gjukis, Jennifer Ard, Clinton Smith, and Alex Hopkins, Montana State University. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675907 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500002 ER PT J AU Lacroix, GL Knox, D Sheehan, TF Renkawitz, MD Bartron, ML AF Lacroix, Gilles L. Knox, Derek Sheehan, Timothy F. Renkawitz, Mark D. Bartron, Meredith L. TI Distribution of U.S. Atlantic Salmon Postsmolts in the Gulf of Maine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; POST-SMOLTS; SALAR; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; HABITAT; ORIGINS; GROWTH; FUNDY; BAY AB Atlantic salmon Salmo salar of U.S. hatchery origin were captured as postsmolts by surface trawling during spatial surveys in late May to mid-June in the northeastern Gulf of Maine in 2002 and 2003. Most marked and unmarked postsmolts were from the Penobscot River, but some were also from the Dennys and other rivers of the Gulf of Maine. The capture rate of stocked smolts was very low(<= 0.01%), and it was highest for marked smolts from known rivers and proportional to numbers stocked. Marked postsmolts were caught 16-43 d after their release as smolts and 89-240 km from their river of origin. The rate of migration from different rivers differed and varied annually, and it accounted for some of the observed differences in capture rate. The weight of postsmolts from known rivers was greater than at smolt stocking and river exit, indicating early marine growth. The distribution of U.S. postsmolts from different rivers was similar, and they were often caught together, as were those from the same river. As a result of this close association during migration, postsmolt catches were aggregated at a few adjacent locations in several areas of the Gulf of Maine. Postsmolts crossing the Gulf of Maine were found east of Jordan Basin and most were along a corridor near shore at the eastern edge of the area surveyed along the southwest coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Postsmolts of U.S. origin were found in areas used by other salmon populations also leaving the Bay of Fundy during May and June. This seasonal occurrence in a specific coastal area provides an opportunity to manage activities within that corridor to mitigate potential losses of Atlantic salmon from endangered and threatened populations in North America. C1 [Lacroix, Gilles L.; Knox, Derek] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Sheehan, Timothy F.; Renkawitz, Mark D.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Atlantic Salmon Res & Conservat Task, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bartron, Meredith L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Lacroix, GL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Biol Stn, 531 Brandy Cove Rd, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. EM gilles.lacroix@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675915 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500007 ER PT J AU Evans, AF Hostetter, NJ Roby, DD Collis, K Lyons, DE Sandford, BP Ledgerwood, RD Sebring, S AF Evans, Allen F. Hostetter, Nathan J. Roby, Daniel D. Collis, Ken Lyons, Donald E. Sandford, Benjamin P. Ledgerwood, Richard D. Sebring, Scott TI Systemwide Evaluation of Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids from the Columbia River Based on Recoveries of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CASPIAN TERNS; CHINOOK SALMON; ESTUARY; COLONY; RESERVOIR; VULNERABILITY; DIET AB We recovered passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from nine piscivorous waterbird colonies in the Columbia River basin to evaluate avian predation on Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. populations during 2007-2010. Avian predation rates were calculated based on the percentage of PIT-tagged juvenile salmonids that were detected as passing hydroelectric dams and subsequently were consumed and deposited by birds on their nesting colonies. Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia (hereafter, "terns") and double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus (hereafter, "cormorants") nesting on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary consumed the highest proportions of available PIT-tagged salmonids, with minimum predation rates ranging from 2.5% for Willamette River spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha to 16.0% for Snake River steelhead O. mykiss. Estimated predation rates by terns, cormorants, gulls of two species (California gull Larus californicus and ring-billed gull L. delawarensis), and American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos nesting near the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers were also substantial; minimum predation rates ranged from 1.4% for Snake River fall Chinook salmon to 13.2% for upper Columbia River steelhead. Predation on ESA-listed salmonids by gulls and American white pelicans were minor (<2.0% per ESA-listed salmonid population) relative to predation by terns and cormorants. Cumulative impacts were greater for Snake River and upper Columbia River salmonids than for salmonids originating closer to the estuary because upriver salmonids must migrate past more bird colonies to reach the ocean. Predation rates adjusted for colony size (per capita rates) were significantly higher for terns and cormorants nesting at inland colonies (upstream of Bonneville Dam) than for those nesting in the estuary, suggesting that inland colonies have a greater reliance on salmonids as a food source. Management actions to increase salmonid survival by reducing avian predation in the estuary could be offset if birds that disperse from the estuary relocate to inland nesting sites on or near the Columbia River. C1 [Evans, Allen F.; Hostetter, Nathan J.; Collis, Ken] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sandford, Benjamin P.; Ledgerwood, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sebring, Scott] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 SW Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM ken@realtimeresearch.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District; Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); USACE Portland District; Bureau of Reclamation; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Oregon State University [3718] FX This project was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District with additional support from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the USACE Portland District, and the Bureau of Reclamation. We especially thank Scott Dunmire, Rebecca Kalamasz, David Trachtenbarg, and Paul Schmidt (USACE) and John Skidmore (BPA) for their assistance and support. We are grateful to Dave Marvin of the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission for providing information on PIT tag releases in the region via PTAGIS; Brad Ryan, an important collaborator during the early phases of the project; Manuela Huso and Nick Som for providing consultation on the statistical methods used to estimate predation rates; and our field crews and field crew coordinators, particularly Brad Cramer, Pete Loschl, Jessica Adkins, James Tennyson, and Melissa Carper, for their valuable contributions to this study. The mention of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. The study was performed under the auspices of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Oregon State University (Animal Care and Use Protocol Number 3718). NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 975 EP 989 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.676809 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500010 ER PT J AU Zeigler, MP Todd, AS Caldwell, CA AF Zeigler, Matthew P. Todd, Andrew S. Caldwell, Colleen A. TI Evidence of Recent Climate Change within the Historic Range of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout: Implications for Management and Future Persistence SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; HABITAT; STREAMS; LIFE; CONSEQUENCES; TRENDS; FLOW AB Evidence of anthropogenically influenced climate change has motivated natural resource managers to incorporate adaptive measures to minimize risks to sensitive and threatened species. Detecting trends in climate variables (i.e., air temperature and hydrology) can serve as a valuable management tool for protecting vulnerable species by increasing our understanding of localized conditions and trends. The Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis has suffered a severe decline in its historical distribution, with the majority of current populations persisting in isolated headwater streams. To evaluate recent climate change within the subspecies' historical range, we examined trends in average air temperatures, biologically important hydrological variables (timing of snowmelt and seasonal flows), and the April 1 snow water equivalent over the last 45 years (1963-2007). While rates of change in all three metrics were variable across sites, rangewide patterns were evident. Across the subspecies' historical range, average annual air temperatures increased (0.29 degrees C per decade) and the timing of snowmelt shifted 10.6 d earlier in the year (2.3 d/decade). Flows increased during biologically important periods, including winter (January 1-March 31; 6.6% increase per decade), prespawning (April 1-May 14; 6.9% increase per decade), and spawning (May 15-June 15; 4.2% increase per decade) and decreased in summer (June 16-September 15; 1.9% decrease per decade). Evidence of decreasing April 1 snow water equivalent (5.3% per decade) was also observed. While the impacts of these changes at the population level are equivocal, it is likely that negative effects would influence the subspecies by altering its distribution, decreasing available habitat, and altering the timing of important life history components. Continued monitoring and proactive management will be required to increase the resiliency of remaining populations to ensure long-term persistence and protection in a changing climate. C1 [Zeigler, Matthew P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Zeigler, MP (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, 2980 S Espina St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zeiglerm@nmsu.edu FU USGS Science Support Partnership; USGS Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; TE, Inc.; Agriculture Experiment Station and Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Science Support Partnership, the USGS Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and T&E, Inc. Additional support was provided by the Agriculture Experiment Station and Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University. We also thank M. Myers and S. Oetker for valuable insight and assistance, and we thank W. R. Gould for providing a critical review. This manuscript was substantially improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1059 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.676589 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500016 ER PT J AU Petty, JT Hansbarger, JL Huntsman, BM Mazik, PM AF Petty, J. Todd Hansbarger, Jeff L. Huntsman, Brock M. Mazik, Patricia M. TI Brook Trout Movement in Response to Temperature, Flow, and Thermal Refugia within a Complex Appalachian Riverscape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE BROWN TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; STREAM FISH; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; BULL TROUT AB We quantified movements of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta in a complex riverscape characterized by a large, open-canopy main stem and a small, closed-canopy tributary in eastern West Virginia, USA. Our objectives were to quantify the overall rate of trout movement and relate movement behaviors to variation in streamflow, water temperature, and access to coldwater refugia. The study area experienced extremely high seasonal, yearly, and among-stream variability in water temperature and flow. The relative mobility of brook trout within the upper Shavers Fork watershed varied significantly depending on whether individuals resided within the larger main stem or the smaller tributary. The movement rate of trout inhabiting the main stem during summer months (50 m/d) was an order of magnitude higher than that of tributary fish (2 m/d). Movement rates of main-stem-resident brook trout during summer were correlated with the maximum water temperature experienced by the fish and with the fish's initial distance from a known coldwater source. For main-stem trout, use of microhabitats closer to cover was higher during extremely warm periods than during cooler periods; use of microhabitats closer to cover during warm periods was also greater for main-stem trout than for tributary inhabitants. Main-stem-resident trout were never observed in water exceeding 19.5 degrees C. Our study provides some of the first data on brook trout movements in a large Appalachian river system and underscores the importance of managing trout fisheries in a riverscape context. Brook trout conservation in this region will depend on restoration and protection of coldwater refugia in larger river main stems as well as removal of barriers to trout movement near tributary and main-stem confluences. C1 [Petty, J. Todd; Hansbarger, Jeff L.; Huntsman, Brock M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Petty, JT (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jtpetty@mail.wvu.edu FU West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; Trout Unlimited FX We thank the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, and Trout Unlimited for financially supporting this study. Comments from Kyle Hartman greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank Mike Shingleton and Steve Brown from the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources for sharing their expertise and ideas. As always, we are grateful to Becky Nestor for her administrative support of this project. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1073 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.681102 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500017 ER PT J AU Atcheson, ME Myers, KW Beauchamp, DA Mantua, NJ AF Atcheson, Margaret E. Myers, Katherine W. Beauchamp, David A. Mantua, Nathan J. TI Bioenergetic Response by Steelhead to Variation in Diet, Thermal Habitat, and Climate in the North Pacific Ocean SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; KEOGH RIVER; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BACK-CALCULATION; MARINE SURVIVAL; PINK SALMON; GROWTH AB Energetic responses of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss to climate-driven changes inmarine conditions are expected to affect the species' ocean distribution, feeding, growth, and survival. With a unique 18-year data series (1991-2008) for steelhead sampled in the open ocean, we simulated interannual variation in prey consumption and growth efficiency of steelhead using a bioenergetics model to evaluate the temperature-dependent growth response of steelhead to past climate events and to estimate growth potential of steelhead under future climate scenarios. Our results showed that annual ocean growth of steelhead is highly variable depending on prey quality, consumption rates, total consumption, and thermal experience. At optimal growing temperatures, steelhead can compensate for a low-energy diet by increasing consumption rates and consuming more prey, if available. Our findings suggest that steelhead have a narrow temperature window in which to achieve optimal growth, which is strongly influenced by climate-driven changes in ocean temperature. C1 [Atcheson, Margaret E.; Myers, Katherine W.; Beauchamp, David A.; Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Myers, KW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kwmyers@uw.edu FU NOAA [50ABNF1-00027, 50ABNF4-00001, 52ABNF7-00003, 50-ABNF-0-00008, 50-ABNF-1-0002]; Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [NA070AR4170007, R/F-160]; Wild Steelhead Coalition; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute FX Many people contributed to high seas steelhead research over the past 20 years. We especially acknowledge the Fisheries Agency of Japan, Hokkaido University, and the captains, officers, crew, scientists, and students aboard the RV Wakatake maru and TS Oshoro maru. We give special recognition to Masaaki Fukuwaka, Nancy D. Davis, Robert V. Walker, and Masahide Kaeriyama for the shipboard collection of steelhead biological samples and data, aging of scales, analysis of stomach contents, and development and management of biological databases. Robert V. Walker measured scales of Oshoro maru steelhead samples used in our analyses. Support for participation by University of Washington scientists in Wakatake maru (1991-2005) and Oshoro maru (1991-2002) research cruises was provided by NOAA contracts 50ABNF1-00027, 50ABNF4-00001, 52ABNF7-00003, 50-ABNF-0-00008, and 50-ABNF-1-0002. In 2007-2010, our research was supported by a grant from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to NOAA Award Number NA070AR4170007, Project Number R/F-160. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. The Fisheries Research Agency of Japan contributed substantially by providing in-kind matching (ship time) for steelhead research aboard the Wakatake maru in 2007-2009. We thank the Wild Steelhead Coalition for their 2009 scholarship to the School of Aquatic Sciences, University of Washington, in support of graduate student (M. Atcheson) research on steelhead. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Institute. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Two NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1096 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.675914 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500019 ER PT J AU Raabe, JK Bozek, MA AF Raabe, Joshua K. Bozek, Michael A. TI Quantity, Structure, and Habitat Selection of Natural Spawning Reefs by Walleyes in a North Temperate Lake: A Multiscale Analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WISCONSIN LAKES; EGGS; ONTARIO; SUCCESS; RIVER AB Spawning habitat, the cornerstone of self-sustaining, naturally reproducing walleye Sander vitreus populations, has received limited quantitative research. Our goal was to quantitatively describe the structure and quantity of natural walleye spawning habitat and evaluate potential selection of habitat in Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin. In 2004 and 2005, we located and delineated walleye egg deposition polygons through visual snorkel and scuba surveys. We also delineated recently deposited, adhesive egg patches daily along one spawning reef in 2005. To determine habitat selection, we quantified and compared spawning and lakewide available habitat at different scales. In both years, walleyes used similar spawning habitat, including three geomorphic types: linear shorelines, a point bar, and an island. Walleyes used only 14% of the entire lake shoreline and 39% of the shoreline comprised of gravel (6.4-76.0 mm), cobble (76.1-149.9 mm), or coarser substrates for spawning in 2005, indicating selection of specific spawning habitat. Lakewide, walleyes spawned close to shore (outer egg deposition polygon boundary mean distance = 2.7 m), in shallow water (outer egg deposition polygon boundary mean depth = 0.3 m), and over gravel substrate (percent coverage mean = 64.3) having low embeddedness (mean = 1.30). Our best nearshore (0-13-m) resource selection function predicted an increase in the relative probability of egg deposition with the increasing abundance of gravel, cobble, and rubble (150.0-303.9-mm) substrates and a decrease with increasing distance from shore and water depth (89.9% overall correct classification). Adhesive egg patches confirmed that walleyes actively chose nearshore, shallow-water, and coarse-substrate spawning habitat. The quantitative habitat information and predictive models will assist biologists in developing walleye spawning reef protection strategies and potentially aid in designing and evaluating artificial spawning reefs. C1 [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Raabe, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joshua.raabe@gmail.com FU Dairymen's, Inc. FX We thank S. Newman for information on the walleye population in Big Crooked Lake. Field technicians J. Lindloff, A. Hentz, and J. Musch greatly assisted with data collection. Dairymen's, Inc., kindly provided funding, lake access, and use of their facilities. J. VanDeHey provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and W. Smith offered statistical assistance. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1108 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.679017 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 974UI UT WOS:000306462500020 ER PT J AU Daanen, RP Grosse, G Darrow, MM Hamilton, TD Jones, BM AF Daanen, R. P. Grosse, G. Darrow, M. M. Hamilton, T. D. Jones, B. M. TI Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; FIREWEED ROCK GLACIER; SWISS ALPS; HOLOCENE GLACIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; ARCTIC ALASKA; THERMAL STATE; CENTRAL-ASIA; SEA-LEVEL AB We present the results of a reconnaissance investigation of unusual debris mass-movement features on permafrost slopes that pose a potential infrastructure hazard in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska. For the purpose of this paper, we describe these features as frozen debris-lobes. We focus on the characterisation of frozen debris-lobes as indicators of various movement processes using ground-based surveys, remote sensing, field and laboratory measurements, and time-lapse observations of frozen debris-lobe systems along the Dalton Highway. Currently, some frozen debris-lobes exceed 100m in width, 20m in height and 1000m in length. Our results indicate that frozen debris-lobes have responded to climate change by becoming increasingly active during the last decades, resulting in rapid downslope movement. Movement indicators observed in the field include toppling trees, slumps and scarps, detachment slides, striation marks on frozen sediment slabs, recently buried trees and other vegetation, mudflows, and large cracks in the lobe surface. The type and diversity of observed indicators suggest that the lobes likely consist of a frozen debris core, are subject to creep, and seasonally unfrozen surface sediment is transported in warm seasons by creep, slumping, viscous flow, blockfall and leaching of fines, and in cold seasons by creep and sliding of frozen sediment slabs. Ground-based measurements on one frozen debris-lobe over three years (2008-2010) revealed average movement rates of approximately 1 cm day(-1), which is substantially larger than rates measured in historic aerial photography from the 1950s to 1980s. We discuss how climate change may further influence frozen debris-lobe dynamics, potentially accelerating their movement. We highlight the potential direct hazard that one of the studied frozen debris-lobes may pose in the coming years and decades to the nearby Trans Alaska Pipeline System and the Dalton Highway, the main artery for transportation between Interior Alaska and the North Slope. C1 [Daanen, R. P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grosse, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbank, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Darrow, M. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Min & Geol Engn Dept, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hamilton, T. D.; Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Daanen, RP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM rdaanen@alaska.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141 FU Alaska Experimental Programme to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) programme; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank Wilfried Haeberli and Bernd Etzelmuller for their reviews of this paper. The 2008 reconnaissance study of frozen debris-lobes was supported by the Alaska Experimental Programme to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) programme with funds awarded to R. P. Daanen. Differential Global Positioning System data from 2008 was partially collected with a device from UNAVCO, a science support consortium, which is supported by National Science Foundation. High resolution satellite data and an IfSAR DEM were provided by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1521 EP 1537 DI 10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 966IF UT WOS:000305830400004 ER PT J AU Steiner, AR Browne, BL Nye, CJ AF Steiner, Arron R. Browne, Brandon L. Nye, Christopher J. TI Quenched mafic inclusions in <= 2200 years BP deposits at Augustine Volcano, Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Augustine Volcano; magma mixing; quenched mafic inclusions; Aleutian Arc; Cook Inlet ID ARC VOLCANOS; MAGMA; ERUPTION; EVOLUTION; ROCKS; STORAGE; EVENTS; UNZEN AB This article describes results from morphological, textural, mineralogical, and compositional analyses of lava clasts and quenched mafic inclusions from 10 Holocene debris-avalanche deposits (2200-125 years B. P.) that form the lower flanks of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. Mafic inclusions collected from the Rocky Point pyroclastic-flow deposit emplaced during the 2006 eruption are included for comparison. All deposits contain evidence for mixing between basalt and high-silica andesite prior to and during eruption, including compositional banding, disequilibria phenocryst assemblages, linear variation in major-and trace-element concentrations, and quenched mafic inclusions (51.3-57.3 wt.% SiO2) hosted by andesite lavas (59.1-62.6 wt.% SiO2). Generally, inclusions from all deposits share many morphologic and petrologic characteristics. Inclusions range in diameter from < 1 to > 36 cm, although 87% of the 959 inclusions analysed are less than 5 cm in diameter. Mafic inclusions account for an average of 8 vol.% of host andesitic lava clasts included in the oldest debris-avalanche deposits compared with subsequently emplaced deposits that contain an average of only 1-3 vol.%. Inclusions contain phenocrysts of plagioclase, amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine, and rare orthopyroxene as well as microphenocrysts of plagioclase, amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine, magnetite, ilmenite, and apatite in a glassy, vesicular, and acicular groundmass. Plagioclase phenocrysts in inclusions typically have a 30-150 mu m-thick, fine-grained 'dusty sieved' rim superimposed over oscillatory zoned texture, suggesting that they existed in the host andesite magma prior to basaltic intrusion, but were engulfed during the intrusion and inclusion formation process. Mafic inclusions are calc-alkaline, low-K (0.45-0.82 wt.% K2O) basalts to basaltic andesites that are altogether different in terms of mineralogy and composition from olivine basalt contained in late Pleistocene-age fragmental deposits described by Plank et al. (2006, The Augustine basalt: Eos (American Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 87, Abstract V42B-06) and Larsen et al. (2010, Petrology and geochemistry of the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, in Power, J.A., Coombs, M. L., and Freymueller, J. T., eds., The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1769). Thus, the most reliable approximation of the basaltic endmember composition involved in magma mixing processes at Augustine Volcano over the past similar to 2200 years are the most mafic inclusions, which consistently possess the (1) highest abundance of vesicles, (2) fewest number of phenocryst-sized plagioclase, and (3) largest volume of microlites compared with more contaminated inclusions. C1 [Browne, Brandon L.] Calif State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Steiner, Arron R.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Nye, Christopher J.] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Browne, BL (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. EM bbrowne@fullerton.edu FU California State University, Fullerton Office of Grants and Contracts FX First and foremost we thank the Alaska Volcanic Observatory Michelle Coombs in particular - for intellectual and logistical assistance in the field on Augustine Island during the 2008 campaign. We also thank Richard Conrey, Diane Johnson Cornelius, and Charles Knaack at Washington State University for their assistance in whole rock geochemical analysis; Michael Van Ry and Michelle Vitale at California State University; Fullerton and Dale Burns at San Diego State University for stimulating conversation regarding this research; and the California State University, Fullerton Office of Grants and Contracts for their financial support of petrographic thin section production. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2012 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1241 EP 1270 DI 10.1080/00206814.2011.636641 PG 30 WC Geology SC Geology GA 970HP UT WOS:000306119300002 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Lu, Z Jung, HS AF Lee, Chang-Wook Lu, Zhong Jung, Hyung-Sup TI Simulation of time-series surface deformation to validate a multi-interferogram InSAR processing technique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SUBSIDENCE; DYNAMICS; VOLCANO; ALASKA AB A refined, small baseline subset (SBAS) interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) method has been developed to estimate time-series surface deformation through fusion of multi-interferogram processing. Using a synthetic data set that takes into account two time-varying deformation sources, topography-induced errors, atmospheric delay anomalies, orbital errors and temporal decorrelation, all of which are based on realistic ERS-1/ERS-2 SAR image acquisition dates and baseline configuration over the Seguam volcano, Alaska, we assess the accuracy of the refined SBAS technique. Detailed comparison between SBAS-derived products, including time-series deformation maps, atmospheric delays and baseline errors with those of synthetic values, attest the robustness of the refined SBAS technique. The root mean square error of the mean deformation rate between the simulated and SBAS-retrieved is about 0.66 mm year(-1). Thus, the measurement accuracy of the refined SBAS method would be around 1 mm year(-1). C1 [Jung, Hyung-Sup] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. [Lee, Chang-Wook] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea. EM hsjung@uos.ac.kr RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; OI Jung, Hyung-Sup/0000-0003-2335-8438 FU NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program [2005/0021]; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; Korea Research Foundation Grant; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-511-C00122] FX This research was supported by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior Program (2005/0021), the USGS Volcano Hazards Program and the Korea Research Foundation Grant, funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-511-C00122). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 22 BP 7075 EP 7087 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.700137 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 970GN UT WOS:000306116200007 ER PT J AU Brignon, WR Olson, DE Peters, MH Gutenberger, SK AF Brignon, William R. Olson, Douglas E. Peters, Mary H. Gutenberger, Susan K. TI Baffled and Standard Raceways: A Comparison of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon Performance and Smolt-to-Adult Survival SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HATCHERY RACEWAYS; GROWTH; RATES; STEELHEAD; RETURN; RIVER AB We compared on-station mortality, growth (mm), feed conversion, health parameters, and smolt-to-adult survival rate of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared in baffled and standard (unbaffled) raceways. Fish reared in baffled raceways survived from release to adulthood at a rate 0.85 times that of fish reared in unbaffled raceways. There was no difference in percent on-station mortality (range, 0.00-0.001), health, or average length gained (1-12 mm) between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways. Average feed conversion was constant (1.20-2.25) throughout the period of juvenile rearing and was similar between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways, a finding supported by adiposomatic and hepatosomatic indices. Overall, we found similar on-station performance between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways. The difference between SARs of fish reared in baffled versus unbaffled raceways was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). However, it is suggestive of a biological difference between the two treatments. The self-cleaning characteristics of baffled raceways free up a substantial amount of hatchery personnel time to attend to other duties, which ultimately reduces the annual operation budget for any facility. In the end, the self-cleaning feature of baffled raceways needs to be weighed against any advantage in adult survival of fish reared in unbaffled raceways. C1 [Brignon, William R.; Olson, Douglas E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Peters, Mary H.; Gutenberger, Susan K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Columbia River Fish Hlth Ctr, Willard, WA 98605 USA. RP Brignon, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM bill_brignon@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Mitchell Act FX We would like to acknowledge Speros Doulos, Jim Rockowski, Peter Long, and Mary Bayer of Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery for their assistance. Steven L. Haeseker, Rodney O. Engle, and M. Brian Davis assisted with data analysis. This study was supported through funding by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Mitchell Act. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676010 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000006 ER PT J AU Colburn, HR Walker, AB Breton, TS Stilwell, JM Sidor, IF Gannam, AL Berlinsky, DL AF Colburn, Heidi R. Walker, Abigail B. Breton, Timothy S. Stilwell, Justin M. Sidor, Inga F. Gannam, Ann L. Berlinsky, David L. TI Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA L.; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DISTAL INTESTINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLANT-PROTEINS; FED STANDARD; GROWTH; DIGESTIBILITY AB Juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (initial weight = 24.1 +/- 1.4 g [mean +/- SE) were fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM) in isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets for 84 d. A standard marine finfish diet (3 mm, 54% protein, 14% fat) was modified to produce four experimental diets in which 50% of FM was replaced with soy at 0:1, 1:1, or 1:2 ratios of SPC: SBM and 100% FM replacement with a 1:1 ratio of SPC:SBM. No differences in mortality or feed intake were detected among treatments, and fish fed the 50% FM replacement diets, in any combination, grew as well or better than the control for all variables investigated. Cod fed the 100% FM replacement diet exhibited the lowest growth and differed from the control with respect to final body weight, growth, specific growth rate, and thermal-unit growth coefficient. No enteritis was observed in histological sections. These results indicate that 100% fish meal replacement is not recommended, but 50% replacement can be used without significant reductions in growth or condition indices. C1 [Colburn, Heidi R.; Walker, Abigail B.; Breton, Timothy S.; Berlinsky, David L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Gannam, Ann L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Stilwell, Justin M.; Sidor, Inga F.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Berlinsky, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM david.berlinsky@unh.edu FU New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station; American Soybean Board FX This research was funded by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station and the American Soybean Board. We thank Jonathan Bunker, Mark Hagianis, Ryan Brown, Amanda Clapp, and Danielle Duquette for assistance with fish husbandry. This is Scientific Contribution Number 2483 from the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.676008 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000008 ER PT J AU Csargo, IJ Brown, ML Chipps, SR AF Csargo, Isak J. Brown, Michael L. Chipps, Steven R. TI Application of a Bioenergetics Model for Hatchery Production: Largemouth Bass Fed Commercial Feeds SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LABORATORY EVALUATION; GROWTH COEFFICIENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH ECOLOGY; BODY-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; PROTEIN AB Fish bioenergetics models based on natural prey items have been widely used to address research and management questions. However, few attempts have been made to evaluate and apply bioenergetics models to hatchery-reared fish receiving commercial feeds that contain substantially higher energy densities than natural prey. In this study, we evaluated a bioenergetics model for age-0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides reared on four commercial feeds. Largemouth bass (n approximate to 3,504) were reared for 70 d at 25 degrees C in sixteen 833-L circular tanks connected in parallel to a recirculation system. Model performance was evaluated using error components (mean, slope, and random) derived from decomposition of the mean square error obtained from regression of observed on predicted values. Mean predicted consumption was only 8.9% lower than mean observed consumption and was similar to error rates observed for largemouth bass consuming natural prey. Model evaluation showed that the 97.5% joint confidence region included the intercept of 0 (-0.43 +/- 3.65) and slope of 1 (1.08 +/- 0.20), which indicates the model accurately predicted consumption. Moreover model error was similar among feeds (P = 0.98), and most error was probably attributable to sampling error (unconsumed feed), underestimated predator energy densities, or consumption-dependent error, which is common in bioenergetics models. This bioenergetics model could provide a valuable tool in hatchery production of largemouth bass. Furthermore, we believe that bioenergetics modeling could be useful in aquaculture production, particularly for species lacking historical hatchery constants or conventional growth models. C1 [Brown, Michael L.; Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management,No Plains Biostress, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management,No Plains Biostress, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.brown@sdstate.edu FU Agricultural Experiment Station; Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sport Fish Restoration Program Study [1512]; U.S. Geological Survey; South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors thank the Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sport Fish Restoration Program Study No. 1512, the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks for financial support and use of equipment and facilities. This study was performed in compliance with the South Dakota State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (07-E016). The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors also thank Mike Barnes, the two anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor at the North American Journal of Aquaculture for critical review and comments on drafts of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675998 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000011 ER PT J AU Thompson, KR Velasquez, A Patterson, JT Metts, LS Webster, CD Brady, YJ Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Ostrand, SL AF Thompson, Kenneth R. Velasquez, Alejandro Patterson, Joshua T. Metts, Linda S. Webster, Carl D. Brady, Yolanda J. Gannam, Ann L. Twibell, Ron G. Ostrand, Susan L. TI Evaluation of Plant and Animal Protein Sources as Partial or Total Replacement of Fish Meal in Diets for Nile Tilapia Fry and Juvenile Stages SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS L.; CRAYFISH CHERAX-QUADRICARINATUS; FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH; FED PRACTICAL DIETS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; FEED INGREDIENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; GROWTH; SOLUBLES AB Two feeding trials were conducted in a closed system with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry (mean weight, 0.10 g; experiment 1) and juveniles (mean weight, 2.84 g; experiment 2) to examine the effects of total replacement of fish meal (FM), with and without supplementation of DL-methionine (Met) and L-lysine (Lys), by plant protein sources. In experiment 1, fry were fed nine isoenergetic (available energy [AE] = 4.0 kcal/g of diet) and isoproteic (40% protein as fed basis) practical diets containing protein primarily from soybean meal (SBM), with and without essential Met and Lys. After 5 weeks, final individual weight (FW; g/fish) and percent weight gain (PWG) of fry fed diet 1 (control with 20% FM) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with fry fed all other diets, while fry fed diet 9 containing 46% SBM and 22% feed-grade poultry by-product meal PBM) was significantly higher than all other diets (diets 2-8). Quantity of diet fed and percent survival did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among all diets. In experiment 2, juveniles were fed six isoenergetic (AE = 4.0 kcal/g of diet) and isoproteic (35% protein as fed basis) practical diets containing protein primarily from SBM, soybean protein concentrate (SPC), feed-grade PBM, or combinations of those. After 7 weeks, mean FW, PWG, and amount of diet fed for fish fed diets 1 (control with 20% FM) and 6 (with 20% SPC and 20% PBM) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with juveniles fed all other diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was similar among treatments, but fish fed diet 5 (with 36% SPC and 0% FM) recorded the highest FCR value. Likewise, protein efficiency ratio (PER) was similar among treatments; however, PER in juveniles fed diets 3 (with 52% SBM and 0% FM) and 5 were significantly lower than in fish fed all other diets. Overall, no significant (P > 0.05) difference was found in percent survival, which averaged 92.6% among all diets fed. These data suggest that Nile tilapia fry cannot utilize diets containing high levels (> 75%) of SBM when no animal protein ingredient is added, even with supplemental Met and Lys. However, a diet containing 20% SPC and 20% feed-grade PBM appears to be suitable for juvenile Nile tilapia, which may help reduce diet costs and allow for sustainable production. C1 [Thompson, Kenneth R.; Velasquez, Alejandro; Patterson, Joshua T.; Metts, Linda S.; Webster, Carl D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Brady, Yolanda J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquaculture, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gannam, Ann L.; Twibell, Ron G.; Ostrand, Susan L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Thompson, KR (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, 103 Athlet Dr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM ken.thompson@kysu.edu FU Kentucky Soybean Board; U.S. Department of Agriculture Institution Capacity Building Grant; U.S. Department of Agriculture grant [KYX-80-09-18A] FX The authors thank N. Ann, K. C., K. N. Dee, B. R. Lee, E. M. Maa, Cathy Rhin, B. Rett, M. S. Tee, D. R. Wynne, and Sam Wise for technical assistance. This research project was partially funded by a grant from the Kentucky Soybean Board, a U.S. Department of Agriculture 1890 Institution Capacity Building Grant, and a U.S. Department of Agriculture grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 3 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675999 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 970GL UT WOS:000306116000013 ER PT J AU Drobyshev, I Goebel, PC Bergeron, Y Corace, RG AF Drobyshev, Igor Goebel, P. Charles Bergeron, Yves Corace, R. Gregory, III TI Detecting changes in climate forcing on the fire regime of a North American mixed-pine forest: A case study of Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Michigan SO DENDROCHRONOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Historical fire regimes; Fire scars; Top-down controls; Fire suppression; Natural disturbances; Hemi-boreal; Climate variability ID CONIFEROUS BOREAL FOREST; NORTHWESTERN QUEBEC; UPPER PENINSULA; UNITED-STATES; CANADA; HISTORY; USA; RECONSTRUCTIONS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB The study of forests dominated by red pine (Pinus resinosa Alt.), one of the few fire-resistant tree species of eastern North America, provides an opportunity to reconstruct long-term fire histories and examine the temporal dynamics of climate forcing upon forest fire regimes. We used a 300-year long spatially explicit dendrochronological reconstruction of the fire regime for Seney National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR, 38,531 ha), eastern Upper Michigan to: (1) identify fire size thresholds with strong vs. weak climate controls, (2) evaluate effect of landform type (outwash channel vs. sand ridges) in modifying climate-fire associations, and (3) check for the presence of temporal changes in the climate control of large fire events over the time period 1700-1983. We used a summer drought sensitive red pine chronology (ITRDB code can037) as a proxy of past fire-related climate variability. Results indicated that fires >60 ha in sand-ridge-dominated portions of SNWR and >100 ha in outwash channels were likely climatically driven events. Climate-fire associations varied over time with significant climate-fire linkages observed for the periods 1700-1800 (pre-EuroAmerican), 1800-1900 (EuroAmerican settlement) and 1900-1983 (modern era). Although an increase in fire activity at the turn of 20th century is commonly associated with human sources of ignitions, our results suggest that such an increase was also likely a climatically driven episode. (C) 2012 Istituto Italiano di Dendrocronologia. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Drobyshev, Igor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Drobyshev, Igor; Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada. [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA. RP Drobyshev, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Box 49, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. EM Igor.Drobyshev@uqat.ca RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012; Drobyshev, Igor/D-9220-2016 OI Drobyshev, Igor/0000-0002-5980-4316 FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-86]; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University; Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Canada Research Chair in Ecology and Sustainable Forest Management, University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Quebec, Canada FX Financial support for this research was provided by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program (Project Number 05-2-1-86), the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, and Seney National Wildlife Refuge. Part of the salary for I.D. was provided by the Canada Research Chair in Ecology and Sustainable Forest Management, University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Quebec, Canada. We wish to thank the staff of Seney National Wildlife Refuge for their logistical support. We also thank Stephen Rist, Bridget Deemer, Jim Downs, and Heather Whitman for assistance in the field. We thank Margaret Devall and two anonymous referees for constructive comments on earlier version of the manuscript. This paper is contribution No. 201005 from the Dendrochronological Laboratory of Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences at Alnarp. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1125-7865 J9 DENDROCHRONOLOGIA JI Dendrochronologia PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 SI SI BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.dendro.2011.07.002 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Plant Sciences; Forestry; Physical Geography GA 966XT UT WOS:000305871400010 ER PT J AU Angeler, DG Allen, CR Johnson, RK AF Angeler, David G. Allen, Craig R. Johnson, Richard K. TI Insight on Invasions and Resilience Derived from Spatiotemporal Discontinuities of Biomass at Local and Regional Scales SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE algal blooms; alternative states; biological invasions; boreal lakes; complex adaptive systems; discontinuities; landscape ecology; panarchy; resilience ID GONYOSTOMUM-SEMEN RAPHIDOPHYCEAE; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; LAKE; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE; BLOOMS; PHYTOPLANKTON; ACIDIFICATION; INVERTEBRATE AB Understanding the social and ecological consequences of species invasions is complicated by nonlinearities in processes, and differences in process and structure as scale is changed. Here we use discontinuity analyses to investigate nonlinear patterns in the distribution of biomass of an invasive nuisance species that could indicate scale-specific organization. We analyze biomass patterns in the flagellate Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyta) in 75 boreal lakes during an 11-year period (1997-2007). With simulations using a unimodal null model and cluster analysis, we identified regional groupings of lakes based on their biomass patterns. We evaluated the variability of membership of individual lakes in regional biomass groups. Temporal trends in local and regional discontinuity patterns were analyzed using regressions and correlations with environmental variables that characterize nutrient conditions, acidity status, temperature variability, and water clarity. Regionally, there was a significant increase in the number of biomass groups over time, indicative of an increased number of scales at which algal biomass organizes across lakes. This increased complexity correlated with the invasion history of G. semen and broad-scale environmental change (recovery from acidification). Locally, no consistent patterns of lake membership to regional biomass groups were observed, and correlations with environmental variables were lake specific. The increased complexity of regional biomass patterns suggests that processes that act within or between scales reinforce the presence of G. semen and its potential to develop high-biomass blooms in boreal lakes. Emergent regional patterns combined with locally stochastic dynamics suggest a bleak future for managing G. semen, and more generally why invasive species can be ecologically successful. C1 [Angeler, David G.; Johnson, Richard K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Angeler, DG (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RI Allen, Craig/J-4464-2012 FU WISER (Water bodies in Europe: Integrative Systems to assess Ecological status and Recovery) [226273]; REFRESH (Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems) [244121]; European Union; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences FX The authors thank the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the many people involved in the monitoring program. DGA and RKJ acknowledge the support of the WISER (Water bodies in Europe: Integrative Systems to assess Ecological status and Recovery, contract No. 226273, www.wiser.eu) and REFRESH (Adaptive Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on European Freshwater Ecosystems, contract No 244121, www.refresh.ucl.ac.uk/) projects funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, Theme 6 (Environment including Climate Change). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors also acknowledge support from the August T. Larsson Guest Professorship Programme of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Stina Drakare and the reviewers for helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 19 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 AR 32 DI 10.5751/ES-04928-170232 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969PI UT WOS:000306067400029 ER PT J AU Gardner, C Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J AF Gardner, Cory Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Distribution and Abundance of Anadromous Sea Lamprey Spawners in a Fragmented Stream: Current Status and Potential Range Expansion Following Barrier Removal SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; LAKE-ONTARIO; SPAWNING MIGRATION; NORTH-AMERICA; SALMON; POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PORTUGAL; NUTRIENT; SURVIVAL AB Dams fragment watersheds and prevent anadromous fishes from reaching historic spawning habitat. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine), has been the focus of efforts to reestablish marine-freshwater connectivity and restore anadromous fishes via the removal of two barriers to fish migration. Currently, Petromyzon marinas (Sea Lamprey) is the only anadromous fish known to spawn successfully in the stream downstream of the lowermost dam. Here, we describe the distribution and abundance of a spawning population of Sea Lamprey in Sedgeunkedunk Stream, prior to and in anticipation of habitat increase after the completion of one barrier removal. In 2008, we estimated the abundance of Sea Lamprey and its nests using daily stream surveys and an open-population mark-recapture model. We captured 47 Sea Lamprey and implanted each with a PIT tag so that we could track movements and nest associations of individual fish. The spawning migration began on 18 June, and the last living individual was observed on 27 June. We located 31 nests, distributed from head-of-tide to the lowermost dam; no spawners or nests were observed in the tidally influenced zone or upstream of this dam. Mean longevity in the stream and the number of nests attended were correlated with arrival date; early migrants were alive longer and attended more nests than later migrants. Males were more likely to be observed away from a nest, or attending three or more nests, than were females, which attended usually one or two nests. We observed a negative association between nest abundance and substrate cover by fine sediment. Based on their observed movements in the system, and the extent of their habitat use, we anticipate that spawning Sea Lamprey will recolonize formerly inaccessible habitat after dam removals. C1 [Gardner, Cory; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.; Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gardner, Cory; Zydlewski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Coghlan, SM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM stephen.coghlan@umit.maine.edu FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Maine United States Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; Maine Sea Grant FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Maine United States Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Maine, Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, and Maine Sea Grant. We thank our field technicians-Silas Ratten, Jacob Kwapiszeski, Scott Ouellette, Anthony Feldpausch, Michael Picard, and Meghan Nelson (University of Maine) for their dedicated work, and Rory Saunders (NOAA) for sparking our interest in the role of Sea Lamprey in Sedgeunkedunk Stream. The City of Brewer, the owners of the Brookside Grill, and local residents graciously allowed us access to the stream. Dr. RudolfArndt, Dr. Kevin Simon (University of Maine), Rory Saunders, Tim Sheehan(NOAA), and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this manuscript; however, any errors remaining are ours. This paper is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3164. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967PS UT WOS:000305920900008 ER PT J AU Perry, MC AF Perry, Matthew C. TI Foraging Behavior of Long-tailed Ducks in a Ferry Wake SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NANTUCKET SHOALS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEABIRDS AB Clangula hyemalis (Long-tailed Ducks) were observed diving in the wake of the Nantucket Island ferry during December over a 5-year period (2005-2009). The unusual diving behavior appeared to be related to foraging, but could not be confirmed. Long-tailed Ducks typically feed on more mobile prey than most other diving ducks, and it is speculated that the propeller wash in shallow water dislodged or disturbed prey and provided an enhanced feeding opportunity. Long-tailed Ducks collected while feeding in a disturbed area near a clamming boat not far from the ferry channel were feeding predominantly on Crangon septemspinosa (Sand Shrimp) that apparently had been dislodged by the clamming operation. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Perry, MC (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mperry@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967PS UT WOS:000305920900012 ER PT J AU Cochrane, MA Moran, CJ Wimberly, MC Baer, AD Finney, MA Beckendorf, KL Eidenshink, J Zhu, Z AF Cochrane, M. A. Moran, C. J. Wimberly, M. C. Baer, A. D. Finney, M. A. Beckendorf, K. L. Eidenshink, J. Zhu, Z. TI Estimation of wildfire size and risk changes due to fuels treatments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FARSITE; fire behaviour; fire extent; fire management; fire modelling; fire risk; fire spread ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CROWN FIRE; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; FOREST; BEHAVIOR; PRINCIPLES; SIMULATION; REDUCTION; SEVERITY AB Human land use practices, altered climates, and shifting forest and fire management policies have increased the frequency of large wildfires several-fold. Mitigation of potential fire behaviour and fire severity have increasingly been attempted through pre-fire alteration of wildland fuels using mechanical treatments and prescribed fires. Despite annual treatment of more than a million hectares of land, quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of existing fuel treatments at reducing the size of actual wildfires or how they might alter the risk of burning across landscapes are currently lacking. Here, we present a method for estimating spatial probabilities of burning as a function of extant fuels treatments for any wildland fire-affected landscape. We examined the landscape effects of more than 72 000 ha of wildland fuel treatments involved in 14 large wildfires that burned 314 000 ha of forests in nine US states between 2002 and 2010. Fuels treatments altered the probability of fire occurrence both positively and negatively across landscapes, effectively redistributing fire risk by changing surface fire spread rates and reducing the likelihood of crowning behaviour. Trade offs are created between formation of large areas with low probabilities of increased burning and smaller, well-defined regions with reduced fire risk. C1 [Cochrane, M. A.; Moran, C. J.; Wimberly, M. C.; Baer, A. D.] S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Finney, M. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Beckendorf, K. L.] US Geol Survey, ASRC, Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Eidenshink, J.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cochrane, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.cochrane@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 FU Joint Fire Science Program [07CRAG0001] FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (grant number 07CRAG0001). We thank Birgit Peterson and Jim Vogelmann for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript and the many land managers who provided fuels treatment and wildfire data. Several additional individuals provided assistance with data collection (Chris Barber, Izaya Numata, Don Ohlen, Sarah Arnold, Narayanaraj Ganapathy, Aaron Stingley and Brad Strichertz) and expert opinion during field visits. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 56 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1071/WF11079 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100004 ER PT J AU Diffendorfer, J Fleming, GM Tremor, S Spencer, W Beyers, JL AF Diffendorfer, Jay Fleming, Genie M. Tremor, Scott Spencer, Wayne Beyers, Jan L. TI The role of fire severity, distance from fire perimeter and vegetation on post-fire recovery of small-mammal communities in chaparral SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE coastal sage scrub; fire management; shrubland ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; RODENT COMMUNITY; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; SHRUBLANDS; SUCCESSION; HABITAT AB Chaparral shrublands in southern California, US, exhibit significant biodiversity but are prone to large, intense wildfires. Debate exists regarding fuel reduction to prevent such fires in wildland areas, but the effects of these fires on fauna are not well understood. We studied whether fire severity and distance from unburned fire perimeter influenced recovery of the small-mammal community from 13 to 39 months after the large (1134.2 km(2)) Cedar fire in San Diego County. In general, neither factor influenced small-mammal recovery. However, vegetation characteristics, distance to riparian habitat and the prevalence of rocky substrate affected recovery in species-specific patterns. This indicates the effects of fire severity and immigration from outside the fire perimeter, if they occur, do so within 1 year, whereas longer-term recovery is largely driven by previously known relationships between small mammals and habitat structure. Our results, when combined with results from other studies in southern California, suggest where human lives or infrastructure are not at risk, efforts to preserve chaparral biodiversity should focus on maintaining the native plant community. Doing so may require novel management strategies in the face of an increasing human population, ignition sources and the spread of invasive exotic plants. C1 [Diffendorfer, Jay] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fleming, Genie M.; Tremor, Scott] San Diego Nat Hist Museum, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Spencer, Wayne] Conservat Biol Inst, San Diego, CA 92116 USA. [Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Diffendorfer, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, POB 25046,MS 507, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Joint Fire Science Program [042194] FX This study was supported by a grant to the Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, San Diego Natural History Museum and Conservation Biology Institute from the Joint Fire Science Program (no. 042194) and additional support from a challenge cost-share agreement with the Cleveland National Forest. We thank Kirsten Winter for her support in arranging the latter. We greatly appreciate the field work performed by Jennifer Duggan, Megan Jennings, Justin Joe, Dana McLaughlin, Dana Morin, Mark Parlow, Paula Potenza, Paul Schuette, Angelo Soto-Centeno and Catherine Yang. We thank Jenny Briggs, Milan Mitrovich and anonymous Forest Service reviewers for their fine and constructive comments. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 82 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 4 BP 436 EP 448 DI 10.1071/WF10060 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 961YS UT WOS:000305506100011 ER PT J AU Bodin, P Vidale, JE Walsh, T Cakir, R Celebi, M AF Bodin, Paul Vidale, John E. Walsh, Timothy Cakir, Recep Celebi, Mehmet TI Transient and Long-Term Changes in Seismic Response of the Natural Resources Building, Olympia, Washington, due to Earthquake Shaking SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Building Response; Structural Monitoring; Earthquake Effects; Nisqually Earthquake; Seismology ID TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; MOMENT-FRAME BUILDINGS; DAMAGE DETECTION; APPARENT PERIODS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; STEEL; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; CONNECTION; CALIFORNIA AB The Natural Resources Building (NRB) in Olympia, Washington, was shaken by three earthquakes (Mw = 5.8, 6.8, and 5.0) between 1999 and 2001. Building motions were recorded on digital accelerographs, providing important digital recordings of repeated strong shaking in a building. The NRB has 5-stories above grade with 3 sub-grade levels and a ductile steel-frame elongated in the E-W direction. The upper two floors extend significantly beyond the lower 3 on the southern and eastern sides. N-S motions dominate the fundamental modal vibrations of the building system. In the 1999 Satsop M5.8 earthquake, the frequency of this fundamental system mode was 1.3 Hz during motions of 10% g. The frequency dropped to 0.7 Hz during the 2001 M6.8 Nisqually strong motions. Moreover, the Nisqually recordings reveal both numerous high-frequency transients of up to 0.18 g, several of which are visible on widely spaced sensors, and long-term tilts of some of the sensors. The weaker 2001 M5.0 Satsop earthquake motions showed the frequency remained depressed at less than 1 Hz for the eastern side of the structure, although the western side had recovered to 1.3 Hz. An ambient noise survey in 2008 showed the fundamental frequency of N/S vibrations remains about 1.0 Hz for the eastern side of the building and 1.3 Hz for the western side. These results suggest that in the Nisqually earthquake, the east side of the NRB suffered a permanent reduction in fundamental mode frequency of 37% due to loss of system stiffness by undetermined mechanism. C1 [Bodin, Paul; Vidale, John E.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Walsh, Timothy; Cakir, Recep] Sate Washington, Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA USA. [Celebi, Mehmet] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bodin, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bodin@uw.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-2469 J9 J EARTHQ ENG JI J. Earthqu. Eng. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 BP 607 EP 622 DI 10.1080/13632469.2012.655060 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 965IK UT WOS:000305760800002 ER PT J AU Glorioso, BM Waddle, JH Crockett, ME Rice, KG Percival, HF AF Glorioso, Brad M. Waddle, J. Hardin Crockett, Marquette E. Rice, Kenneth G. Percival, H. Franklin TI Diet of the invasive Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) in pine rockland and mangrove habitats in South Florida SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE batrachophagy; Everglades; density effects; habitat effects ID PREDATION AB Native to Cuba, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, the Cuban Treefrog (CTF) is an invasive species in Florida, with the ability to inflict serious ecological damage to invaded habitats. By examining the diet of the CTF, a known predator of native frogs, better predictions may be made of the impacts on native species and ecosystems. From 2002 - 2003, CTF diet was investigated in south Florida at four sites, two each within pine rockland and mangrove habitat. Within each habitat, one site exhibited a low density of CTFs and the other a high density of CTFs. CTFs were captured in PVC pipes attached to trees and stomach contents were examined after euthanasia. Beetles were the most numerous and widely consumed prey item among sites; roaches, orthopterans, spiders, ants, and caterpillars were also major dietary components. There were significant differences in the proportion of taxa consumed by CTFs between low and high density populations within each habitat, with the low density site in every instance having the higher proportion. Across habitats, ants comprised a significantly higher proportion of the diet in mangroves, whereas beetles, orthopterans, and snails comprised a significantly higher proportion of the diet in pine rocklands. Approximately 3.5% of all stomachs examined contained anuran remains. Though not significant, CTFs from low density sites consumed a higher proportion of frogs than those at high density sites. Corroborating previous research, the data show the CTF to be a generalist feeder, consuming a wide variety of invertebrate prey, with anurans playing only a minor role in the overall diet. C1 [Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Glorioso, Brad M.] IAP World Serv Inc, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Crockett, Marquette E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davis, WV 26260 USA. [Rice, Kenneth G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM waddleh@usgs.gov RI Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013; Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center FX We thank the resource management staff at Everglades National Park for facilitating this research. M. Caudill, A. Finger, S. Howarter, A. Dove, C. Bugbee, and P. George assisted in the data collection. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful criticisms and suggestions. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was conducted under Everglades National Park research permit number EVER-2001-SCI-0076 and University of Florida institutional animal care and use committee protocol number A-562. This is contribution number 398 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 35 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 954VT UT WOS:000304976800024 ER PT S AU LaPointe, DA Atkinson, CT Samuel, MD AF LaPointe, Dennis A. Atkinson, Carter T. Samuel, Michael D. BE Ostfeld, RS Schlesinger, WH TI Ecology and conservation biology of avian malaria SO YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE avian malaria; Hawaiian forest birds; Culex mosquito; Plasmodium; climate change ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; WILD BIRD POPULATION; AFRICAN RAIN-FOREST; POX-LIKE LESIONS; APAPANE HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; AMAKIHI HEMIGNATHUS-VIRENS; ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN AVIFAUNA; VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM AB Avian malaria is a worldwide mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. These parasites occur in many avian species but primarily affect passerine birds that have not evolved with the parasite. Host pathogenicity, fitness, and population impacts are poorly understood. In contrast to continental species, introduced avian malaria poses a substantial threat to naive birds on Hawaii, the Galapagos, and other archipelagoes. In Hawaii, transmission is maintained by susceptible native birds, competence and abundance of mosquitoes, and a disease reservoir of chronically infected native birds. Although vector habitat and avian communities determine the geographic distribution of disease, climate drives transmission patterns ranging from continuous high infection in warm lowland forests, seasonal infection in midelevation forests, and disease-free refugia in cool high-elevation forests. Global warming is expected to increase the occurrence, distribution, and intensity of avian malaria across this elevational gradient and threaten high-elevation refugia, which is the key to survival of many susceptible Hawaiian birds. Increased temperatures may have already increased global avian malaria prevalence and contributed to an emergence of disease in New Zealand. C1 [LaPointe, Dennis A.; Atkinson, Carter T.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP LaPointe, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM dennis_lapointe@usgs.gov OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 141 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 14 U2 131 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-863-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2012 VL 1249 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06431.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAW00 UT WOS:000305677800015 PM 22320256 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Madrak, SV Drost, CA Monatesti, AJ Casper, D Znari, M AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Madrak, Sheila V. Drost, Charles A. Monatesti, Anthony J. Casper, Dennis Znari, Mohammed TI Optimal egg size in a suboptimal environment: reproductive ecology of female Sonora mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) in central Arizona, USA SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE clutch size; Kinosternon sonoriense; optimal egg size; Sonora mud turtle; reproduction ID CHRYSEMYS-PICTA BELLII; CLUTCH-SIZE; PAINTED TURTLE; SHELL KINESIS; BODY-SIZE; CONSTRAINTS; POPULATION; HYPOTHESES; ALLOCATION; ALLOMETRY AB We studied the reproductive ecology of female Sonora mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) at Montezuma Well, a chemically-challenging natural wetland in central Arizona, USA. Females matured between 115.5 and 125 mm carapace length (CL) and 36-54% produced eggs each year. Eggs were detected in X-radiographs from 23 April-28 September (2007-2008) and the highest proportion (56%) of adult females with eggs occurred in June and July. Clutch frequency was rarely more than once per year. Clutch size was weakly correlated with body size, ranged from 1-8 (mean = 4.96) and did not differ significantly between years. X-ray egg width ranged from 17.8-21.7 mm (mean 19.4 mm) and varied more among clutches than within. Mean X-ray egg width of a clutch did not vary significantly with CL of females, although X-ray pelvic aperture width increased with CL. We observed no evidence of a morphological constraint on egg width. In addition, greater variation in clutch size, relative to egg width, suggests that egg size is optimized in this hydrologically stable but chemically-challenging habitat. We suggest that the diversity of architectures exhibited by the turtle pelvis, and their associated lack of correspondence to taxonomic or behavioral groupings, explains some of the variation observed in egg size of turtles. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Madrak, Sheila V.; Drost, Charles A.; Monatesti, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Casper, Dennis] Montezuma Castle Natl Monument, Natl Pk Serv, Camp Verde, AZ 86322 USA. [Znari, Mohammed] Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Lab Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Dept Biol, Marrakech 40000, Morocco. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU National Park Service; Western National Parks Association FX This study was funded by both the National Park Service and the Western National Parks Association. We are indebted to the following people for field and logistical assistance: Kathy Davis and Michele Girard from the National Park Service, Tom Jones and Cristina Jones of the Arizona Department of Game and Fish, Phil Rosen from the University of Arizona, and Ted Kennedy of the U. S. Geological Survey. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefited greatly from comments offered by Justin Congdon, John Iverson and Peter Lindeman. Research was conducted under permit numbers MOCA-2007-SCI-0002 and MOCA-2008-SCI-0003 from the National Park Service and SP684131 from the Arizona Department of Game and Fish. Assistance with X-ray development was provided by Charlie Porter and Annette Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center. Meaghan Meulblok assisted with manuscript preparation. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Use of product names does not constitute U.S. Geological Survey endorsement of any product. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1163/156853812X634035 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 958WC UT WOS:000305270600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Blanchard, P Gay, DA Prestbo, EM Risch, MR Johnson, D Narayan, J Zsolway, R Holsen, TM Miller, EK Castro, MS Graydon, JA St Louis, VL Dalziel, J AF Zhang, L. Blanchard, P. Gay, D. A. Prestbo, E. M. Risch, M. R. Johnson, D. Narayan, J. Zsolway, R. Holsen, T. M. Miller, E. K. Castro, M. S. Graydon, J. A. St Louis, V. L. Dalziel, J. TI Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; GREAT-LAKES REGION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; AMBIENT MERCURY; NATURAL SOURCES; MODEL; AIR AB Dry deposition of speciated mercury, i.e., gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), particulate-bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), was estimated for the year 2008-2009 at 19 monitoring locations in eastern and central North America. Dry deposition estimates were obtained by combining monitored two- to four-hourly speciated ambient concentrations with modeled hourly dry deposition velocities (V-d) calculated using forecasted meteorology. Annual dry deposition of GOM+PBM was estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 8.1 mu g m(-2) at these locations with GOM deposition being mostly five to ten times higher than PBM deposition, due to their different modeled V-d values. Net annual GEM dry deposition was estimated to be in the range of 5 to 26 mu g m(-2) at 18 sites and 33 mu g m(-2) at one site. The estimated dry deposition agrees very well with limited surrogate-surface dry deposition measurements of GOM and PBM, and also agrees with litterfall mercury measurements conducted at multiple locations in eastern and central North America. This study suggests that GEM contributes much more than GOM+PBM to the total dry deposition at the majority of the sites considered here; the only exception is at locations close to significant point sources where GEM and GOM+PBM contribute equally to the total dry deposition. The relative magnitude of the speciated dry deposition and their good comparisons with litterfall deposition suggest that mercury in litterfall originates primarily from GEM, which is consistent with the limited number of previous field studies. The study also supports previous analyses suggesting that total dry deposition of mercury is equal to, if not more important than, wet deposition of mercury on a regional scale in eastern North America. C1 [Zhang, L.; Blanchard, P.; Narayan, J.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gay, D. A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Prestbo, E. M.] Tekran Instruments Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Risch, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Johnson, D.] Convex Log, Gloucester, ON, Canada. [Zsolway, R.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. [Holsen, T. M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Miller, E. K.] Ecosyst Res Grp Ltd, Norwich, VT USA. [Castro, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD USA. [Graydon, J. A.; St Louis, V. L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Dalziel, J.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Air Qual Sci Sect, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM leiming.zhang@ec.gc.ca RI Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 63 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 9 BP 4327 EP 4340 DI 10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942OT UT WOS:000304055600031 ER PT J AU Henry, PFP Akuffo, VG Chen, Y Karouna-Renier, NK Sprague, DT Bakst, MR AF Henry, Paula F. P. Akuffo, Valorie G. Chen, Yu Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Sprague, Daniel T. Bakst, Murray R. TI Effect of 17 beta-trenbolone on male and female reproduction in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine disruption; avian reproduction; Japanese quail; sexual maturation; histopathology; trenbolone ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; TRENBOLONE ACETATE; BIRDS; FERTILIZATION; IMPACT; CATTLE; TURKEY AB The anabolic steroid 17 beta trenbolone (17 beta-TB), a known endocrine disrupting chemical, may influence reproductive functions in avian wildlife. We evaluated the effects of dietary exposure to 17 beta-TB at 5 and 20 ppm on reproductive functional endpoints in Japanese quail during and after sexual maturation. In the male, 5 and 20 ppm treatments revealed no differences in body and testes weight, testes histology, plasma testosterone concentrations, or size and weight of the foam glands. However, the onset of foam production was significantly earlier (days of age) in the 20 ppm males. In females, dietary 17 beta-TB at 20 ppm caused a reduction in the number of maturing yellow yolk follicles and overall egg production. Plasma testosterone concentrations were reduced compared to controls. Histology of the oviductal sperm storage tubules was normal in all treatments. The number of sperm holes, sites on the perivitelline layer (PVL) where sperm bound and hydrolyzed a path through the PVL, was significantly greater in the 10th egg laid compared to the 1st egg laid in the 20 ppm treatment. Potential effects, albeit transient, on endpoints associated with male maturation warrant further investigation into the sensitivity of these measures in the event of embryonic and/or trans-generational exposure to 17 beta-TB. C1 [Henry, Paula F. P.; Chen, Yu; Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; Sprague, Daniel T.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Akuffo, Valorie G.; Bakst, Murray R.] USDA, ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Henry, PFP (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Dept Interior, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM phenry@usgs.gov FU US EPA IAG [DW-14-92281401-2]; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USDA ARS FX This study was supported in part by US EPA IAG DW-14-92281401-2 with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the USDA ARS. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.3184/175815512X13350167598421 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 959OH UT WOS:000305321800001 ER PT J AU Beaulaurier, J Bickford, N Gregg, JL Grady, CA Gannam, AL Winton, JR Hershberger, PK AF Beaulaurier, J. Bickford, N. Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. Gannam, A. L. Winton, J. R. Hershberger, P. K. TI Susceptibility of Pacific Herring to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Is Influenced by Diet SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; EPC CELL-LINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; CYPRINUS-CARPIO AB Groups of specific-pathogen-free Pacific herring Clupea pallasii were highly susceptible to infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV); however, the level of mortality was influenced by diet during the 40-71 d before, during, and after the first exposure to the virus. Cumulative mortality was highest among the herring maintained on an experimental soy-based pellet, intermediate among those maintained on a commercially available fish-meal-based pellet, and lowest among those maintained on a second commercially available fish-meal-based pellet containing beta-glucans. Additionally, the herring maintained on the experimental soy-based feed demonstrated less growth than those on the commercially available feeds. The results indicate the importance of standardizing diet during empirical determinations of disease susceptibility and provide insights into the risk factors affecting VHS susceptibility in wild populations. C1 [Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.; Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Beaulaurier, J.; Bickford, N.] Univ Great Falls, Great Falls, MT 59405 USA. [Gannam, A. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the USGS FX Technical support was provided by R. Wade (Marrowstone Marine Field Station); VHSV isolates were provided by K. Garver and G. Traxler, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station. Herring eggs were provided by Kurt Stick and Adam Lindquist (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (project 070819) and the Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the USGS. All animal experiments were conducted under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the WFRC. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1080/08997659.2012.668511 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 959DP UT WOS:000305292100007 PM 22779213 ER PT J AU Wong, AW Bonde, RK Siegal-Willott, J Stamper, MA Colee, J Powell, JA Reid, JP Deutsch, CJ Harr, KE AF Wong, Arthur W. Bonde, Robert K. Siegal-Willott, Jessica Stamper, M. Andrew Colee, James Powell, James A. Reid, James P. Deutsch, Charles J. Harr, Kendal E. TI Monitoring Oral Temperature, Heart Rate, and Respiration Rate of West Indian Manatees (Trichechus manatus) During Capture and Handling in the Field SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE West Indian manatees; Trichechus manatus; health; monitoring; heart rate; lactate; physiology; body temperature; respiration; manatee ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; FLORIDA MANATEES; LATIROSTRIS; INUNGUIS; ADAPTATIONS; METABOLISM; MAMMALS; BLOOD AB West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are captured, handled, and transported to facilitate conservation, research, and rehabilitation efforts. Monitoring manatee oral temperature (OT), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) during out-of-water handling can assist efforts to maintain animal well-being and improve medical response to evidence of declining health. To determine effects of capture on manatee vital signs, we monitored OT, HR, and RR continuously for a 50-min period in 38 healthy, awake, juvenile and adult Florida manatees (T. m. latirostris) and 48 similar Antillean manatees (T. m. manatus). We examined creatine kinase (CK), potassium (K+), serum amyloid A (SAA), and lactate values for each animal to assess possible systemic inflammation and muscular trauma. OT range was 29.5 to 36.2 degrees C, HR range was 32 to 88 beats/min, and RR range was 0 to 17 breaths/5 min. Antillean manatees had higher initial OT, HR, and RR than Florida manatees (p < 0.001). As monitoring time progressed, mean differences between the subspecies were no longer significant. High RR over monitoring time was associated with high lactate concentration. Antillean manatees had higher overall lactate values ([mean +/- SD] 20.6 +/- 7.8 mmol/L) than Florida manatees (13.7 +/- 6.7 mmol/L; p < 0.001). We recommend monitoring manatee OT, HR, and RR during capture and handling in the field or in a captive care setting. C1 [Wong, Arthur W.; Bonde, Robert K.; Siegal-Willott, Jessica; Harr, Kendal E.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wong, Arthur W.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.; Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Stamper, M. Andrew] Walt Disney World Resorts, Disneys Anim Programs & Environm Initiat, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. [Colee, James] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Reid, James P.] Sea Shore Alliance, Sarasota, FL 34233 USA. [Deutsch, Charles J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Wong, AW (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Vertebrate Ecol Res Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM arthur.wong1@uq.net.au OI Harr, Kendal/0000-0001-5390-3586; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute FX Financial support was granted by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. We thank Ben Winton of Florida Medical Sales for providing the MAC 500 (R) ECG unit. We thank Dr. David Murphy and Dr. Beth Chittick Nolan for their input during the development of this study. We are grateful to Dr. Ruth Francis-Floyd, Dr. Elsa Haubold, and Dr. Charles Courtney for their support throughout the research process. We also thank Dr. Antonio Mignucci (Puerto Rico) and the Belize Manatee Conservation Project (BMCP), particularly Nicole Auil Gomez, Jamal Galves, Kevin Andrewin, and Threnton Welch (Belize) for sharing their data and providing access to wild-caught manatees as part of the BMCP long-term manatee research and conservation program. We are grateful to the biologists working with the FFWCC and the U. S. Geological Survey, whose capture expertise enabled the sampling of wild Florida manatees. We are particularly thankful to Andrew Garrett (FFWCC) who assisted with captures in Puerto Rico and Florida. We thank the entire community of veterinarians and biologists whose support, encouragement, and monitoring assistance helped to make this study possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 32 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1578/AM.38.1.2012.1 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 952TB UT WOS:000304814200001 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Boscarino, BT Marty, J Johannsson, OE AF Walsh, Maureen G. Boscarino, Brent T. Marty, Jerome Johannsson, Ora E. TI Mysis diluviana and Hemimysis anomala: Reviewing the roles of a native and invasive mysid in the Laurentian Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Food web; Stable isotopes; Sampling; Nearshore; Population dynamics; Genetics ID PONTO-CASPIAN INVADER; RELICTA LOVEN; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; ONTARIO; HURON; TEMPERATURE; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; DIET AB Mysis diluviana and Hemimysis anomala are the only two species of mysid shrimps in the order Mysidacea that are present in the Laurentian Great lakes of North America. M. diluviana has inhabited the deep, cold waters of this region since Pleistocene-era glacial retreat and is widely considered to have a central role in the functioning of offshore food webs in systems they inhabit. More recently, the Great Lakes were invaded by the Ponto-Caspian native Hemimysis, a species that inhabits warmer water and shallower depths relative to M. diluviana. Hemimysis has rapidly expanded throughout the Great Lakes region and has become integrated into nearshore food webs as both food for planktivorous fish and predators and competitors of zooplankton. This special issue is composed of 14 papers that represent the most recent advances in our understanding of the ecological importance of both species of mysids to lake and river ecosystems in the Great Lakes region of North America. Topics discussed in this special issue will inform future research in all systems influenced by mysid ecology. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Walsh, Maureen G.] USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Boscarino, Brent T.] Harvey Sch, Katonah, NY 12533 USA. [Marty, Jerome] Sr Lawrence River Inst, Cornwall, ON K6H 4Z1, Canada. [Johannsson, Ora E.] Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Walsh, MG (reprint author), USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM mwalsh@usgs.gov; btb32@cornell.edu; jmarty@riverinstitute.ca; ora.wood@gmail.com FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission (GLFC) FX We thank the authors and reviewers that contributed to this special issue. We acknowledge the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission (GLFC) for providing support on Hemimysis research across the Great Lakes basin. This article is contribution number 1687 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 2 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BM UT WOS:000304841900001 ER PT J AU Questel, JM Walsh, MG Smith, RJ Welsh, AB AF Questel, Jennifer M. Walsh, Maureen G. Smith, Randall J., Jr. Welsh, Amy B. TI New data on mitochondrial diversity and origin of Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mysid; Invasive species; Range expansion; North America; Ponto-Caspian ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; INTRODUCTIONS; CRUSTACEA; BASIN; POPULATIONS; MYSIDACEA; PATTERNS; INVADERS; GENETICS AB The most recent Ponto-Caspian species to invade the Laurentian Great Lakes is the crustacean Hemimysis anomala, first reported in 2006. A previous study described three haplotype groups (A, B, C) of H. anomala in native and invaded areas within Europe, but only one haplotype (A1) in a sample from Lake Michigan. Our study expands these results to additional populations in the Great Lakes basin, and evaluates relationships among North American and European populations. A 549-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was analyzed from populations of H. anomala in Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and the St. Lawrence River. Two different haplotypes, A1 and B1, were observed in the sampled populations of H. anomala and in a previous analysis from H. anomala in Oneida Lake (New York). Our results, in contrast with a previous study, detect an additional haplotype in North America. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Questel, Jennifer M.; Smith, Randall J., Jr.; Welsh, Amy B.] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Biol Sci, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Walsh, Maureen G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Questel, JM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, POB 750391, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jenn.questel@sfos.uaf.edu; mwalsh@usgs.gov; rsmith3@oswego.edu; Amy.Welsh@mail.wvu.edu FU Great Lakes Research Consortium; State University of New York at Oswego; Department of Biological Sciences at the State University of New York at Oswego FX Funding for this study was provided by the New York Great Lakes Protection Fund through the Great Lakes Research Consortium as well as the Scholarly and Creative Activities Grant through the State University of New York at Oswego. Support for sample collection in Sunset Bay, Lake Ontario was provided by the Doug Halliday research fellowship through the Department of Biological Sciences at the State University of New York at Oswego. Samples were provided by Kelly Bowen of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ted Schaner of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Jerome Marty of the St. Lawrence River Institute. We would also like to thank Richard Back for guidance with sampling protocols and taxonomic identification and Patrick Wallace for volunteer fieldwork in Sunset Bay, Lake Ontario. This article is Contribution 1667 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any parties to this work. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 2 SI SI BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.004 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BM UT WOS:000304841900003 ER PT J AU Boscarino, BT Halpin, KE Rudstam, LG Walsh, MG Lantry, BF AF Boscarino, Brent T. Halpin, Kathleen E. Rudstam, Lars G. Walsh, Maureen G. Lantry, Brian F. TI Age-specific light preferences and vertical migration patterns of a Great Lakes invasive invertebrate, Hemimysis anomala SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hemimysis; Vertical migration; Light; Experiment; Ontogenetic ID PONTO-CASPIAN INVADER; MYSIS-RELICTA; ZOOPLANKTON; MYSIDACEA; CRUSTACEA; SHRIMP; PREDATORS; ONTARIO; FISHES AB We use a combination of spectral sensitivity analyses, laboratory behavioral observations and field distributions of a vertically migrating invertebrate. Hemimysis anomala (a recent invasive species to the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America), to determine if light preference and timing of emergence has an ontogenetic component. juvenile Hemimysis (<4.5 mm) preferred light levels between 10(-3.4) and 10(-2.4) mylux- a Hemimysis-specific unit of brightness derived from visual pigment analyses (wavelength of maximum absorbance = 500 nm; 1 mylux- 159 lx). These preferred light levels are equivalent to those present during nautical twilight on the Earth's surface and were several orders of magnitude brighter than those most preferred by adults (>4.5 mm) in the laboratory (10(-6.4) to 10(-7.4) mylux). Both size classes completely avoided light levels of 10(-0.4) mylux and greater, which are representative of daytime light levels at the Earth's surface. Net hauls taken at similar to 20-min intervals from sunset to the end of nautical twilight on two sampling occasions on Seneca Lake, New York (sampling depth = 2 m) revealed that juveniles emerged into the water column during civil twilight. Adult Hemimysis emerged later during nautical twilight when juveniles had already reached their maximum abundance in the water column. laboratory-derived light preferences successfully predicted the timing of emergence and time of maximal abundance of both size classes on both sampling occasions. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that Hemimysis diel vertical migration has an ontogenetic component and to report the specific light levels likely to initiate and limit vertical movements. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boscarino, Brent T.; Halpin, Kathleen E.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Walsh, Maureen G.; Lantry, Brian F.] USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Boscarino, BT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM btb32@cornell.edu; kh387@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; mwalsh@usgs.gov; bflantry@usgs.gov FU New York Sea Grant project [R/CE-28]; Great Lakes Fisheries Commission [56818] FX This research was funded by New York Sea Grant project R/CE-28 and the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission project 56818. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or USDA. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear herein. We thank the crew aboard the USGS RN Kaho, for all of their assistance with the field work in this study, and Dr. Ellis Loew for his help with MSP analyses. We would also like to extend a special thanks to the interns associated with the Cornell Biological Field Station Summer Internship Program, especially Monica Minson and Jennifer Sun, and also to Dr. Meghan Brown for her help with collections and sampling site identification. This is contribution #279 of the Cornell Biological Field Station. This article is Contribution 1645 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 2 SI SI BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.001 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BM UT WOS:000304841900007 ER PT J AU Lantry, BF Gumtow, CF Walsh, MG Weidel, BC Boscarino, BT Rudstam, LG AF Lantry, Brian F. Gumtow, Catherine F. Walsh, Maureen G. Weidel, Brian C. Boscarino, Brent T. Rudstam, Lars G. TI Seasonal consumption of Hemimysis anomala by fish in Southeastern Lake Ontario, 2009-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hemimysis anomala; Invasive species; Great Lakes; Alewife diets ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; PERCH MORONE-AMERICANA; PONTO-CASPIAN INVADER; RAINBOW SMELT; WHITE PERCH; PROFUNDAL ZONE; MYSIS-RELICTA; YELLOW PERCH; BALTIC SEA; FOOD AB We investigated the seasonal occurrence of Hemimysis anomala in the diets of fish that prey on macroinvertebrates at two sites with established Hemimysis populations east of Oswego, NY, during 2009-2010. In 2009, we examined 320 stomachs from 10 species and found Hemimysis only in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rockbass (Ambloplites rupestris), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Of those species, alewife consumed Hemimysis most frequently and it represented a greater proportion of their diets. During 2009, the dry weight composition of Hemimysis in alewife diets varied seasonally between <1% in June, 5% in July, 98.5% in August, and 18.8% in September. In contrast, we examined 667 stomachs from 15 species in 2010 and observed Hemimysis in only one alewife and two rockbass stomachs. For alewife from September 2009, we found no relationship between predator size and the number of Hemimysis consumed, or between the presence of Hemimysis in fish diets and the presence of other diet taxa or diet diversity. Fish diets collected as bycatch from other assessments revealed large numbers of Hemimysis in fishes that had not previously been observed consuming Hemimysis in Lake Ontario, including cisco (Coregonus artedi) and white perch (Morone americana). Our results indicate Hemimysis consumption by nearshore fish can be high, but that it is variable across seasons and years, and may be most prevalent in fish that feed up in the water column, at or near dark, and have the ability to consume swift moving prey like Mysis diluviana or small fish. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lantry, Brian F.; Gumtow, Catherine F.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Weidel, Brian C.] USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Boscarino, Brent T.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Dept Nat Resources, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. RP Lantry, BF (reprint author), USGS Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM bflantry@usgs.gov; cgumtow@usgs.gov; mwalsh@usgs.gov; bweidel@usgs.gov; btb32@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 2 SI SI BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.08.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BM UT WOS:000304841900012 ER PT J AU Hinderer, JLM Jude, DJ Schaeffer, JS Warner, DM Scavia, D AF Hinderer, Julia L. Mida Jude, David J. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Warner, David M. Scavia, Donald TI Lipids and fatty acids of Mysis diluviana in lakes Michigan and Huron, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lower food web; Mysids; Ecosystem health; Lipids ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; LIMNOCALANUS-MACRURUS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; RELICTA; DYNAMICS; DIPOREIA AB The opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana) is a vital component of Great Lakes food webs. Baseline data on the nutritional condition of Mysis populations are necessary to evaluate potential impacts of recent, dramatic changes in the lower food webs of lakes Michigan and Huron. Information on lipid and fatty acid content can reveal patterns of health and physiological condition of mysids, including inferences on availability and quality of food. We sampled Mysis populations in the two lakes in spring and late summer/early fall 2008 and analyzed total lipid content and fatty acid profiles to describe Mysis nutritional condition. On average, adult Mysis in Lake Huron had lower total lipids and elevated concentrations of the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid compared with Lake Michigan. although differences were not always significant. Results suggest that Lake Huron Mysis could have been starving during spring 2008. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hinderer, Julia L. Mida; Jude, David J.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hinderer, JLM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM midaj@umich.edu; djude@umich.edu; jschaeffer@usgs.gov; dmwarner@usgs.gov; scavia@umich.edu RI Hinderer, Julia/A-9331-2013; Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013; OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 FU University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School; University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment; USGS Great Lakes Science Center; U.S. EPA-GLNPO [GL-00E23601] FX Funding for this work was provided by the University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School, the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and in part by U.S. EPA-GLNPO Grant no.GL-00E23601. The authors wish to thank the following people for assistance in the field and the laboratory: Glenn Carter, Kyung-Seo Park, Stephen Hensler, Greg Jacobs, Catherine Riseng, Linda Begnoche, and Courtenay Vining. We also acknowledge the crews of the RN Peter Wise Lake Guardian and the RN Sturgeon. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 2 SI SI BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.07.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 953BM UT WOS:000304841900015 ER PT J AU Budy, P Wood, S Roper, B AF Budy, Phaedra Wood, Sara Roper, Brett TI A Study of the Spawning Ecology and Early Life History Survival of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BULL TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; REDD COUNTS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; CHINOOK SALMON; GOLDEN TROUT; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; TRIBUTARY AB We completed a large-scale field experiment in four tributaries of the Logan River, Utah, where the largest metapopulation of imperiled Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah persists. We documented the spatial and temporal distributions of spawners, quantified substrate use versus substrate availability, and evaluated differences in hatch and emergence fry success between and among sites in relation to habitat characteristics. We observed considerable variability in the timing, magnitude, and duration of spawning among study areas (streams), in part as a function of a variable, multipeaked hydrograph. Nevertheless, across study areas, >70% of redds were constructed on the final descending limb of the hydrograph. Despite large differences in the amount of spawning substrate available, Bonneville cutthroat trout utilized a narrow range of substrate and sizes (3-80 mm) similar to that utilized by other subspecies of cutthroat trout, albeit biased towards larger sizes. Water temperatures generally remained below the recommended range (6-17 degrees C) for spawning; however, the viability of this metapopulation of cutthroat trout suggests that the recommended temperature range for spawning is overestimated for this subspecies and (or) does not account for local thermal adaptation. Hatch varied from 43% to 77% and emergence survival from 39% to 65% among streams, and within-stream variability was substantial; both survival rates declined significantly as a function of increased fine sediment concentrations. Egg development rates were nearly 50% greater in a high-elevation tributary where redd counts were also lowest. In high, mountain systems with short growing seasons, this incubation delay likely presents a significant growth disadvantage for age-0 trout. Our research enhances our understanding of Bonneville cutthroat trout spawning ecology and early survival and provides critical information for aiding in the development of benchmarks for their recovery. Effective conservation efforts should be directed towards minimizing anthropogenic activities that result in excess sedimentation in their critical spawning tributaries. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roper, Brett] US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu FU U.S. Forest Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources [F-47-R] FX This research was primarily funded by the U.S. Forest Service, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Project XII, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, Segment 20 and in-kind support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Special thanks to Gary Thiede for providing technical advice and logistical oversight of our field crews, and graduate students in the Fish Ecology Laboratory at Utah State University. Susan Durham provided statistical advice and assistance and Christy Meredith assisted with GIS and graphical issues. We would also like to thank David Koons and Jeremiah Wood for intellectual and field contributions; a long list of seasonal technicians also assisted with fieldwork. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 436 EP 449 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675945 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 951AQ UT WOS:000304693400003 ER PT J AU Marcot, BG Allen, CS Morey, S Shively, D White, R AF Marcot, Bruce G. Allen, Chris S. Morey, Steve Shively, Dan White, Rollie TI An Expert Panel Approach to Assessing Potential Effects of Bull Trout Reintroduction on Federally Listed Salmonids in the Clackamas River, Oregon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; KNOWLEDGE; JUDGMENT; SYSTEM AB The bull trout Salvelinus confluentus is an apex predator in native fish communities in the western USA and is listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Restoration of this species has raised concerns over its potential predatory impacts on native fish fauna. We held a five-person expert panel to help determine potential impacts of reintroducing bull trout into the Clackamas River, northwest Oregon, on the viability of four anadromous salmonid populations that are listed as threatened under the ESA: spring and fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and winter steelhead O. mykiss. The panel session was rigorously structured and used a modified Delphi process with structured expert elicitation, disclosure, discussion, and brainstorming. Each panelist distributed 100 score points among seven categories of potential bull trout impact (from no impact to very high impact) on extinction probabilities for the anadromous salmonids. Results were provided by individual panelists rather than as a group consensus and were summarized as means and variations in scores to express the panelists' individual uncertainty, variability among the panelists, and expected differences among the affected salmonids. Score results suggested that panelists viewed the potential impact of bull trout as very low or moderately low for spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and winter steelhead and mostly none to very low for fall Chinook salmon. Panelists also provided 19 possible monitoring activities and 21 possible management actions for assessing potential impacts and taking remedial action if bull trout are found to have unacceptable adverse effects. Results of the panel were used by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to help craft and execute a plan to reintroduce bull trout into the Clackamas River system under the ESA. This rigorous expert panel process can be used for a wide range of evaluations in situations where empirical data are sparse or ecological interactions are too complex for explicit analytic solution. C1 [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Allen, Chris S.; White, Rollie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Morey, Steve; Shively, Dan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Marcot, BG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM brucem@spiritone.com FU USFWS; U.S. Forest Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; PGE; NOAA-Fisheries; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation; U.S. Geological Survey FX Success of the workshop was largely due to the contributions and participation of the five expert panelists-Dave Beauchamp, Jason Dunham, Kathryn Kostow, Paul McElhany, and Michael Meeuwig-and the management support provided by Chris Wheaton (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), Paul Henson and Miel Corbett (USFWS), and Gary Larson (U. S. Forest Service). Agencies and institutions that sponsored and contributed to the success of this workshop included the USFWS, U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, PGE, NOAA-Fisheries, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation, and U.S. Geological Survey. We also extend our thanks to the following invited speakers for their presentations: Todd Alsbury, Doug Cramer, Dave Beauchamp, and Jason Dunham. A workshop final report (including the full agenda, invitation letter, project question-and-answer sheet, panelist explanatory notes, and other details) is available from the senior author upon request. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 450 EP 465 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675959 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 951AQ UT WOS:000304693400004 ER PT J AU Rook, BJ Hansen, MJ Gorman, OT AF Rook, Benjamin J. Hansen, Michael J. Gorman, Owen T. TI The Spatial Scale for Cisco Recruitment Dynamics in Lake Superior during 1978-2007 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDI; MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; RAINBOW SMELT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; POMATOMUS SALTATRIX; FISH COMMUNITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLASS STRENGTH AB The cisco Coregonus artedi was once the most abundant fish species in the Great Lakes, but currently cisco populations are greatly reduced and management agencies are attempting to restore the species throughout the basin. To increase understanding of the spatial scale at which density-independent and density-dependent factors influence cisco recruitment dynamics in the Great Lakes, we used a Ricker stock-recruitment model to identify and quantify the appropriate spatial scale for modeling age-1 cisco recruitment dynamics in Lake Superior. We found that the recruitment variation of ciscoes in Lake Superior was best described by a five-parameter regional model with separate stock-recruitment relationships for the western, southern, eastern, and northern regions. The spatial scale for modeling was about 260 km (range = 230-290 km). We also found that the density-independent recruitment rate and the rate of compensatory density dependence varied among regions at different rates. The density-independent recruitment rate was constant among regions (3.6 age-1 recruits/spawner), whereas the rate of compensatory density dependence varied 16-fold among regions (range = -0.2 to -2.9/spawner). Finally, we found that peak recruitment and the spawning stock size that produced peak recruitment varied among regions. Both peak recruitment (0.5-7.1 age-1 recruits/ha) and the spawning stock size that produced peak recruitment (0.3-5.3 spawners/ha) varied 16-fold among regions. Our findings support the hypothesis that the factors driving cisco recruitment operate within four different regions of Lake Superior, suggest that large-scale abiotic factors are more important than small-scale biotic factors in influencing cisco recruitment, and suggest that fishery managers throughout Lake Superior and the entire Great Lakes basin should address cisco restoration and management efforts on a regional scale in each lake. C1 [Rook, Benjamin J.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. [Hansen, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Rook, BJ (reprint author), Cramer Fish Sci, 13300 New Airport Rd, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. EM rook@fishsciences.net OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We would like to thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding this project. Thanks to Don Schreiner, Steve Geving, and Ted Halpern from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Steve Schram and Mike Seider from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Shawn Sitar from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Jeff Black and Steve Chong from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Bill Mattes from the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, all of whom made this project possible by providing assessment and commercial fishery data. Kevin Russell and Eric Anderson provided guidance and valuable discussion. Thanks to everyone at the Lake Superior Biological Station, specifically Dan Yule, for providing one very hard-to-find book and Lori Evrard for database support. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 499 EP 514 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.680005 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 951AQ UT WOS:000304693400008 ER PT J AU Dorresteijn, I Kitaysky, AS Barger, C Benowitz-Fredericks, ZM Byrd, GV Shultz, M Young, R AF Dorresteijn, I. Kitaysky, A. S. Barger, C. Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. M. Byrd, G. V. Shultz, M. Young, R. TI Climate affects food availability to planktivorous least auklets Aethia pusilla through physical processes in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate impacts; Nutritional stress; Oceanic shelf-system; Seabirds; Stable isotopes; Corticosterone ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; STRESS-RESPONSE; POPULATION PROCESSES; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; URIA-AALGE; SEABIRDS; CORTICOSTERONE; ZOOPLANKTON AB Climate change might affect marine top predators by altering availability and nutritional quality of their prey. Climate effects vary on a regional basis, and our understanding of the relationships between fluctuations in climate and food resources in sub-arctic regions with seasonal ice cover is limited. We studied the effects of inter-annual climate variability (as reflected in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO, and the timing of the winter ice retreat) on zooplankton-planktivorous predator linkages in one of the most productive regions of the southeastern Bering Sea, the 'Green Belt'. We examined changes in diets (species composition of chick meals and stable isotope signatures of adult blood) and relative food availability (as reflected in blood plasma concentrations of the stress hormone corticosterone) of planktivorous least auklets Aethia pusilla breeding on St. George I. (shelf-break) and St. Paul I. (shelf) during 2003 to 2005 and 2008 to 2009. We found that isotopic signatures of blood and composition of chick meals differed between the colonies. The proportion of energy-rich oceanic copepods Neocalanus spp. in the diet declined during warm years (high PDO and early ice retreat) on St. Paul but not on St. George. However, inter-annual and seasonal dynamics of corticosterone were similar between the colonies, and auklets experienced higher nutritional stress during warm compared to cold years. Our results suggest that the influx of prey-bearing water masses from the ocean basin and the retention time of oceanic copepods on the shelf are the main factors affecting composition of prey and its availability to auklets. We conclude that anticipated climate warming will negatively affect food availability of planktivorous predators in the Green Belt region of the southeastern Bering Sea. C1 [Dorresteijn, I.; Kitaysky, A. S.; Barger, C.; Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. M.; Shultz, M.; Young, R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Byrd, G. V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Dorresteijn, I (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ine.dorresteijn@gmail.com OI Benowitz-Fredericks, Z Morgan/0000-0002-9265-3169 FU NPRB [320, B67]; HSP; AUV; Jo-Kolk Studiefonds FX We thank S. Baker, A. Banks, J. Citta, T. Dempsey, H. Douglas, B. Drummond, C. Hovnanian, S. Iverson, J. Klima, C. Polli, A. Springer, C. Thomson, T. Vergoz, S. Wang and S. Youngren for their great work in the field. We thank E. Kitaiskaia for her excellent hormone analyses; K. Turco and C. Stark for identification of zooplankton; N. Haubenstock and T. Howe from the Stable Isotope facilities in Fairbanks for conducting SIA. Thanks to R. Parades for help with Fig. 1. G. Hunt, J. Schultner and 3 anonymous reviewers provided us with helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This study was conducted under the University of Alaska IACUC protocols and all required federal and state permits. This project was supported by NPRB 320 and B67 grants to A. S. K., and by grants from the HSP-fonds, AUV-fonds and Jo-Kolk Studiefonds to I. D. This paper is NPRB Publication #305 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project Publication #26 NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 454 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.3354/meps09372 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 949VW UT WOS:000304605500017 ER PT J AU Zellner, ML Reeves, HW AF Zellner, Moira L. Reeves, Howard W. TI Examining the contradiction in 'sustainable urban growth': an example of groundwater sustainability SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sustainable development; urban form; groundwater; agent-based modelling; MODFLOW ID LAND-USE; USE MODEL; FORM; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS; SPRAWL AB The environmental planning literature proposes a set of 'best management practices' for urban development that assumes improvement in environmental quality as a result of specific urban patterns. These best management practices, however, often do not recognise finite biophysical limits and social impacts that urban patterns alone cannot overcome. To shed light on this debate, we explore the effects of different degrees of urban clustering on groundwater levels using a coupled land-use change and groundwater-flow model. Our simulations show that specific urban forms only slow down the impact on groundwater. As population increases, the pattern in which it is accommodated ceases to matter, and widespread depletion ensues. These results are predictable, yet current planning practice tends to take growth for granted and is reluctant to envision either no-growth scenarios or the prospect of depletion. We propose to use simulations such as those presented here to aid in policy discussions that allow decision makers to question the assumption of sustainable growth and suggest alternative forms of development. C1 [Zellner, Moira L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Zellner, Moira L.] Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci & Policy, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Reeves, Howard W.] US Geol Survey, USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Zellner, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Urban Planning & Policy, 412 S Peoria St MC 348, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM mzellner@uic.edu OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0964-0568 J9 J ENVIRON PLANN MAN JI J. Environ. Plan. Manag. PY 2012 VL 55 IS 5 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1080/09640568.2011.614426 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946AX UT WOS:000304321400001 ER PT J AU Chen, F Lin, H Zhang, Y Lu, Z AF Chen, F. Lin, H. Zhang, Y. Lu, Z. TI Ground subsidence geo-hazards induced by rapid urbanization: implications from InSAR observation and geological analysis SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PEARL RIVER DELTA; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; DEFORMATION; CHINA; BASIN; AREA; CITY AB Due to the convenient transportation and construction, cities are prone to be situated in areas with flat terrain and unstable sediments, resulting in the concurrence of ground subsidence and urbanization. Here the interaction between geology, anthropogenic processes and ground subsidence geo-hazards were investigated in the Greater Pearl River Delta region of China. Geological evidences and 2006-2010 persistent scatterer data indicate that anthropogenic activities are dominant, although the distribution of river system and Quaternary sediments are also highly related to significant displacements (primarily at a rate of -15 to 15 mm a(-1)). The surface displacements derived by synthetic aperture radar interferometry suggest that the urbanization rhythm has to be routinely monitored. Considering analogous urbanization modes, particularly in developing countries, ground subsidence monitoring together with the analysis of its driving force are critical for geo-hazards early-warning, city planning as well as sustainable urbanization. C1 [Chen, F.; Lin, H.; Zhang, Y.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM huilin@cuhk.edu.hk FU Research Grants Council of HKSAR, China [CUHK450210]; HKSAR, China [ITS/152/11FP] FX This study was supported by funding from the Research Grants Council of HKSAR, China (CUHK450210), and Innovation and Technology Support Programme of HKSAR, China (ITS/152/11FP). The digital elevation model of the investigated zone was acquired through the SRTM archive. Original Envisat ASAR data are copyright of the European Space Agency. We also thank Prof. Yunpeng Wang and his research group from Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Bernard de Jong from Utrecht University in Netherlands for their help and advice in the field-work of the Guangzhou urban areas in 2009 and 2010. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.5194/nhess-12-935-2012 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 942QF UT WOS:000304061000007 ER PT J AU Edwards, LE AF Edwards, Lucy E. TI Dinocyst taphonomy, impact craters, cyst ghosts and the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dinoflagellates; taphonomy; preservation; Paleocene; Eocene; Chesapeake Bay impact; PETM ID WALLED DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSION; OCEANIC METHANE HYDRATE; COMET IMPACT; NEW-JERSEY; PRESERVATION; SEDIMENTS; SHELF; DISSOCIATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB Dinocysts recovered from sediments related to the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in Virginia and the earliest Eocene suboxic environment in Maryland show strange and intriguing details of preservation. Features such as curled processes, opaque debris, breakage, microborings and cyst ghosts, among others, invite speculation about catastrophic depositional processes, rapid burial and biological and chemical decay. Selected specimens from seven cores taken in the coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland show abnormal preservation features in various combinations that merit illustration, description, discussion and further study. Although the depositional environments described are extreme, many of the features discussed are known from, or could be found in, other environments. These environments will show both similarities to and differences from the extreme environments here. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM leedward@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2012 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 80 EP 95 DI 10.1080/01916122.2012.679205 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 947VL UT WOS:000304460700006 ER PT S AU Ulrich, EM Morrison, CN Goldsmith, MR Foreman, WT AF Ulrich, Elin M. Morrison, Candice N. Goldsmith, Michael R. Foreman, William T. BE Whitacre, DM TI Chiral Pesticides: Identification, Description, and Environmental Implications SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 217 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SPHINGOMONAS-HERBICIDOVORANS MH; ENANTIOSELECTIVE DEGRADATION; ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR DATABASE; SURFACE-WATER; PINE-BEETLE; SEPARATION C1 [Ulrich, Elin M.; Goldsmith, Michael R.] US EPA EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Morrison, Candice N.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Morrison, Candice N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Foreman, William T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ulrich, EM (reprint author), US EPA EPA, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Maildrop D205-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ulrich.elin@epa.gov FU EAPO CDC HHS [EP08D000135] NR 73 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 83 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-1-4614-2328-7 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2012 VL 217 BP 1 EP 74 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2329-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-14614-2329-4 PG 74 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BAD89 UT WOS:000303895500001 PM 22350557 ER PT J AU Brown, G Montag, JM Lyon, K AF Brown, Greg Montag, Jessica M. Lyon, Katie TI Public Participation GIS: A Method for Identifying Ecosystem Services SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; GIS; public participation ID LANDSCAPE VALUES; VALUATION; FRAMEWORK; TYPOLOGY; GOODS AB This study evaluated the use of an Internet-based public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) to identify ecosystem services in Grand County, Colorado. Specific research objectives were to examine the distribution of ecosystem services, identify the characteristics of participants in the study, explore potential relationships between ecosystem services and land use and land cover (LULC) classifications, and assess the methodological strengths and weakness of the PPGIS approach for identifying ecosystem services. Key findings include: (1) Cultural ecosystem service opportunities were easiest to identify while supporting and regulatory services most challenging, (2) participants were highly educated, knowledgeable about nature and science, and have a strong connection to the outdoors, (3) some LULC classifications were logically and spatially associated with ecosystem services, and (4) despite limitations, the PPGIS method demonstrates potential for identifying ecosystem services to augment expert judgment and to inform public or environmental policy decisions regarding land use trade-offs. C1 [Brown, Greg] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Montag, Jessica M.; Lyon, Katie] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM greg.brown@uq.edu.au OI Lyon, Katie/0000-0002-7455-6891 NR 44 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 61 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 633 EP 651 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.621511 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 948AH UT WOS:000304475300002 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Conway, CJ AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Conway, Courtney J. TI Field evaluation of distance-estimation error during wetland-dependent bird surveys SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE detection probability; distance error; distance sampling; marsh birds ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY; SOUND-TRANSMISSION; POPULATION INDEXES; BASICS RIGHT; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; VEGETATION; PROTOCOL; NEED AB Context. The most common methods to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys involve recording a distance between the survey point and individual birds detected during the survey period. Accurately measuring or estimating distance is an important assumption of these methods; however, this assumption is rarely tested in the context of aural avian point-count surveys. Aims. We expand on recent bird-simulation studies to document the error associated with estimating distance to calling birds in a wetland ecosystem. Methods. We used two approaches to estimate the error associated with five surveyor's distance estimates between the survey point and calling birds, and to determine the factors that affect a surveyor's ability to estimate distance. Key results. We observed biased and imprecise distance estimates when estimating distance to simulated birds in a point-count scenario ((x) over bar (error) = -9m, s.d.(error) = 47m) and when estimating distances to real birds during field trials ((x) over bar (error) = 39m, s.d.(error) = 79 m). The amount of bias and precision in distance estimates differed among surveyors; surveyors with more training and experience were less biased and more precise when estimating distance to both real and simulated birds. Three environmental factors were important in explaining the error associated with distance estimates, including the measured distance from the bird to the surveyor, the volume of the call and the species of bird. Surveyors tended to make large overestimations to birds close to the survey point, which is an especially serious error in distance sampling. Conclusions. Our results suggest that distance-estimation error is prevalent, but surveyor training may be the easiest way to reduce distance-estimation error. Implications. The present study has demonstrated how relatively simple field trials can be used to estimate the error associated with distance estimates used to estimate detection probability during avian point-count surveys. Evaluating distance-estimation errors will allow investigators to better evaluate the accuracy of avian density and trend estimates. Moreover, investigators who evaluate distance-estimation errors could employ recently developed models to incorporate distance-estimation error into analyses. We encourage further development of such models, including the inclusion of such models into distance-analysis software. C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cpn28@cornell.edu FU University of Arizona Honors College; University of Arizona IACUC [06-184] FX The authors thank N. Bartok, M. Conway, A. Larned and J. Mohlmann for participating in this study. Imperial National Wildlife Refuge and Sonny Bono-Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge provided field housing, permission to conduct field trials at their managed marshes, and other logistical support. The University of Arizona Honors College and their Undergraduate Research Grant Program provided financial support for the project. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA Government. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Arizona IACUC protocol #06-184. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 44 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1071/WR11161 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 947SK UT WOS:000304450100005 ER PT J AU Padding, PI Royle, JA AF Padding, Paul I. Royle, J. Andrew TI Assessment of bias in US waterfowl harvest estimates SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE correction factors; ducks; geese; reporting rates ID BAND REPORTING RATES; NONRESPONSE BIAS; REWARD BAND; MALLARDS; PROPORTION AB Context. North American waterfowl managers have long suspected that waterfowl harvest estimates derived from national harvest surveys in the USA are biased high. Survey bias can be evaluated by comparing survey results with like estimates from independent sources. Aims. We used band-recovery data to assess the magnitude of apparent bias in duck and goose harvest estimates, using mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) as representatives of ducks and geese, respectively. Methods. We compared the number of reported mallard and Canada goose band recoveries, adjusted for band reporting rates, with the estimated harvests of banded mallards and Canada geese from the national harvest surveys. We used the results of those comparisons to develop correction factors that can be applied to annual duck and goose harvest estimates of the national harvest survey. Key results. National harvest survey estimates of banded mallards harvested annually averaged 1.37 times greater than those calculated from band-recovery data, whereas Canada goose harvest estimates averaged 1.50 or 1.63 times greater than comparable band-recovery estimates, depending on the harvest survey methodology used. Conclusions. Duck harvest estimates produced by the national harvest survey from 1971 to 2010 should be reduced by a factor of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.71-0.75) to correct for apparent bias. Survey-specific correction factors of 0.67 (95% CI = 0.65-0.69) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.59-0.64) should be applied to the goose harvest estimates for 1971-2001 (duck stamp-based survey) and 1999-2010 (HIP-based survey), respectively. Implications. Although this apparent bias likely has not influenced waterfowl harvest management policy in the USA, it does have negative impacts on some applications of harvest estimates, such as indirect estimation of population size. For those types of analyses, we recommend applying the appropriate correction factor to harvest estimates. C1 [Padding, Paul I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Padding, PI (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM paul_padding@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1071/WR11105 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 947SK UT WOS:000304450100008 ER PT J AU Heffernan, JB Albertin, AR Fork, ML Katz, BG Cohen, MJ AF Heffernan, J. B. Albertin, A. R. Fork, M. L. Katz, B. G. Cohen, M. J. TI Denitrification and inference of nitrogen sources in the karstic Floridan Aquifer SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; GAS RECHARGE TEMPERATURES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; GROUND-WATER; ORGANIC-CARBON; FRESH-WATER; SPRINGS; SYSTEM; SHALLOW; RIVER AB Aquifer denitrification is among the most poorly constrained fluxes in global and regional nitrogen budgets. The few direct measurements of denitrification in groundwaters provide limited information about its spatial and temporal variability, particularly at the scale of whole aquifers. Uncertainty in estimates of denitrification may also lead to underestimates of its effect on isotopic signatures of inorganic N, and thereby confound the inference of N source from these data. In this study, our objectives are to quantify the magnitude and variability of denitrification in the Upper Floridan Aquifer (UFA) and evaluate its effect on N isotopic signatures at the regional scale. Using dual noble gas tracers (Ne, Ar) to generate physical predictions of N-2 gas concentrations for 112 observations from 61 UFA springs, we show that excess (i.e. denitrification-derived) N-2 is highly variable in space and inversely correlated with dissolved oxygen (O-2). Negative relationships between O-2 and delta N-15(NO3) across a larger dataset of 113 springs, well-constrained isotopic fractionation coefficients, and strong N-15:O-18 covariation further support inferences of denitrification in this uniquely organic-matter-poor system. Despite relatively low average rates, denitrification accounted for 32 % of estimated aquifer N inputs across all sampled UFA springs. Back-calculations of source delta N-15(NO3) based on denitrification progression suggest that isotopically-enriched nitrate (NO3-) in many springs of the UFA reflects groundwater denitrification rather than urban- or animal-derived inputs. C1 [Heffernan, J. B.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Albertin, A. R.; Cohen, M. J.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Katz, B. G.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Heffernan, J. B.; Fork, M. L.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Heffernan, JB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM james.heffernan@duke.edu RI Heffernan, James/D-1261-2010; Cohen, Matthew/F-7117-2013 OI Heffernan, James/0000-0001-7641-9949; FU St. Johns River Water Management District; Southwest Florida Water Management District; Three Rivers Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR 0838390] FX The authors wish to thank Larry Kohrnak and Chad Foster for their help with field sampling, and Steve Walsh, Sharon Kroenig, and Leel Knowles for sharing data. S.V. Panno, K.C. Hackley, Pete McMahon, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that helped clarify many aspects of this paper. This research was supported by grants from the St. Johns River Water Management District, the Southwest Florida Water Management District, the Three Rivers Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (EAR 0838390). The conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of any state or federal agency. NR 86 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1671 EP 1690 DI 10.5194/bg-9-1671-2012 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 942NV UT WOS:000304052500007 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA Hinckley, ES Martin, DA AF Ebel, B. A. Hinckley, E. S. Martin, D. A. TI Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FROZEN SOIL; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ROOT-GROWTH; FIRE; FOREST; TEMPERATURE AB Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature responses during the first winter and spring after the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Our observations of soil-water content and soil temperature show sharp contrasts in hydrologic and thermal conditions between north- and south-facing slopes. South-facing burned soils were similar to 1-2 A degrees C warmer on average than north-facing burned soils and similar to 1.5 A degrees C warmer than south-facing unburned soils, which affected soil thawing during the snowmelt period. Soil-water dynamics also differed by aspect: in response to soil thawing, soil-water content increased approximately one month earlier on south-facing burned slopes than on north-facing burned slopes. While aspect and wildfire affect soil-water dynamics during snowmelt, soil-water storage at the end of the snowmelt period reached the value at field capacity for each plot, suggesting that post-snowmelt unsaturated storage was not substantially influenced by aspect in wildfire-affected areas. Our data and analysis indicate that the amount of snowmelt-driven groundwater recharge may be larger in wildfire-impacted areas, especially on south-facing slopes, because of earlier soil thaw and longer durations of soil-water contents above field capacity in those areas. C1 [Ebel, B. A.; Martin, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hinckley, E. S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hinckley, E. S.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM bebel@usgs.gov RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR 0847987] FX This manuscript benefited from discussions with Benjamin Mirus, John Moody, Sheila Murphy, and Jeffrey Writer. Kim Perkins and two anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that improved the manuscript. Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey. Eve-Lyn Hinckley received support from the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (EAR 0847987). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 98 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1417 DI 10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 942MZ UT WOS:000304049700011 ER PT J AU Miles, AK Bowen, L Ballachey, B Bodkin, JL Murray, M Estes, JL Keister, RA Stott, JL AF Miles, A. K. Bowen, L. Ballachey, B. Bodkin, J. L. Murray, M. Estes, J. L. Keister, R. A. Stott, J. L. TI Variations of transcript profiles between sea otters Enhydra lutris from Prince William Sound, Alaska, and clinically normal reference otters SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gene transcription; Sea otter; Enhydra lutris; Prince William Sound; Exxon Valdez ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; C FUEL-OIL; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MESSENGER-RNA AB Development of blood leukocyte gene transcript profiles has the potential to expand condition assessments beyond those currently available to evaluate wildlife health, including sea otters Enhydra lutris, both individually and as populations. The 10 genes targeted in our study represent multiple physiological systems that play a role in immuno-modulation, inflammation, cell protection, tumor suppression, cellular stress-response, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes. These genes can be modified by biological, physical, or anthropogenic impacts and consequently provide information on the general type of stressors present in a given environment. We compared gene transcript profiles of sea otters sampled in 2008 among areas within Prince William Sound impacted to varying degrees by the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill with those of captive and wild reference sea otters. Profiles of sea otters from Prince William Sound showed elevated transcription in genes associated with tumor formation, cell death, organic exposure, inflammation, and viral exposure when compared to the reference sea otter group, indicating possible recent and chronic exposure to organic contaminants. Sea otters from historically designated oiled areas within Prince William Sound 19 yr after the oil spill had higher transcription of genes associated with tumor formation, cell death, heat shock, and inflammation than those from areas designated as less impacted by the spill. C1 [Miles, A. K.; Bowen, L.; Keister, R. A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ballachey, B.; Bodkin, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Murray, M.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Estes, J. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stott, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miles, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov; lbowen@usgs.gov FU 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council; US Geological Survey (USGS); Western Ecological Research Center; Alaska Science Center FX This research was funded in part by the 'Exxon Valdez' Oil Spill Trustee Council; however, the findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Funding was also provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS), Western Ecological Research Center and Alaska Science Center. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of H. Coletti, G. Esslinger, K. Kloecker, D. Monson, and J. Reed, USGS, and M. Viens, Monterey Bay Aquarium, for sample collections. We thank S. Stevens, A. Meckstroth, and S. Waters for laboratory assistance. We thank R. Connon (University of California, Davis) and D. Monson (USGS) for their review of the manuscript. Samples were collected under permits authorized by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the USGS Alaska Science Center. Mention of trade names or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 451 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps09572 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 940QL UT WOS:000303908000015 ER PT J AU Sindt, AR Pierce, CL Quist, MC AF Sindt, Anthony R. Pierce, Clay L. Quist, Michael C. TI Fish Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Wadeable Iowa Streams: Current Status and Effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program Distribution Models SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; HABITAT MODELS; ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONSHIPS; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; PHYSICAL HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; USA AB Effective conservation of fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) requires an understanding of species-habitat relationships and distributional trends. Thus, modeling the distribution of fish species across large spatial scales may be a valuable tool for conservation planning. Our goals were to evaluate the status of 10 fish SGCN in wadeable Iowa streams and to test the effectiveness of Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (IAGAP) species distribution models. We sampled fish assemblages from 86 wadeable stream segments in the Mississippi River drainage of Iowa during 2009 and 2010 to provide contemporary, independent fish species presence-absence data. The frequencies of occurrence in stream segments where species were historically documented varied from 0.0% for redfin shiner Lythrurus umbratilis to 100.0% for American brook lamprey Lampetra appendix, with a mean of 53.0%, suggesting that the status of Iowa fish SGCN is highly variable. Cohen's kappa values and other model performance measures were calculated by comparing field-collected presence-absence data with IAGAP model-predicted presences and absences for 12 fish SGCN. Kappa values varied from 0.00 to 0.50, with a mean of 0.15. The models only predicted the occurrences of banded darter Etheostoma zonale, southern redbelly dace Phoxinus erythrogaster, and longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae more accurately than would be expected by chance. Overall, the accuracy of the twelve models was low, with a mean correct classification rate of 58.3%. Poor model performance probably reflects the difficulties associated with modeling the distribution of rare species and the inability of the large-scale habitat variables used in IAGAP models to explain the variation in fish species occurrences. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the confidence in species distribution model predictions with an independent data set and the need for long-term monitoring to better understand the distributional trends and habitat associations of fish SGCN. C1 [Sindt, Anthony R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Sindt, AR (reprint author), Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Inland Fisheries Res Unit, 10517 Canal Rd SE, Hebron, OH 43025 USA. EM anthony.sindt@dnr.state.oh.us FU Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Iowa Department of Natural Resources [T-1-R-19] FX We thank Chris Smith, Rebecca Krogman, Josh Bruegge, Collin Hinz, Maria Dzul, and Nick Johnson for their assistance in the field and laboratory and Jesse Fischer and Michael Colvin for their perspectives and suggestions. Additionally, comments from Vivekananda Roy, Christine Dolph, William French, Rick Eades, and four anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. We also thank all those involved in creating and contributing to the Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project, especially Anna Loan-Wilsey and Kevin Kane. This project was supported in part by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management at Iowa State University, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through State Wildlife Grant T-1-R-19. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.663456 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936PC UT WOS:000303601500001 ER PT J AU Meador, MR AF Meador, Michael R. TI Effectiveness of Seining after Electrofishing to Characterize Stream Fish Communities SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING FISH; LARGE RIVERS; ASSEMBLAGES; BIOASSESSMENT; PERSISTENCE; CHALLENGES; STABILITY AB The richness and composition of species collected uniquely to electrofishing and subsequent seining efforts were examined at 271 stream sites across the USA by using wadeable electrofishing methods (backpack or barge electrofishing) or boat electrofishing followed by seining. Seining after wadeable electrofishing resulted in the collection of new species at 42% of sites, whereas seining after boat electrofishing resulted in the collection of new species at 87% of sites. Mean percentage of total observed fish species richness that was collected uniquely by seining was 6% (representing one new species, on average) after wadeable electrofishing compared with 18% (four new species, on average) after boat electrofishing. Shannon-Wiener diversity index values were not significantly different between data from combined sampling (electrofishing and seining) and data from wadeable electrofishing (P = 0.490) but were significantly different between boat electrofishing and combined sampling (P = 0.004). Seining efforts after boat electrofishing can provide critical information that allows for a more complete characterization of the fish community. For sampling in wadeable streams, decisions regarding the use of seines should consider the effectiveness of electrofishing at a given site and the use of seines as an alternative primary sampling gear rather than as a supplement to electrofishing. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mississippi 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.663458 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936PC UT WOS:000303601500005 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Carty, D Dotson, MM AF Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel Dotson, Miranda M. TI Efficacy of 35% PEROX-AID (Hydrogen Peroxide) in Reducing an Infestation of Gyrodactylus salmonis in Freshwater-Reared Rainbow Trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHANNEL CATFISH; MONOGENEA; FISH; COLEMANENSIS; INFECTIONS; COLUMNARIS; TOXICITY; SPROSTON AB Gyrodactylus salmonis is a monogenean ectoparasite that can infest a variety of captive-reared salmonid fishes. The physical damage inflicted during severe infestations can cause osmoregulatory disturbances and potentially render individuals more vulnerable to secondary pathogens. If not treated, G. salmonis infestations can reduce growth and survival in affected fish populations. Many chemical compounds have been used to treat Gyrodactylus infestations; however, little information has been published about the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for Gyrodactylus control. Consequently, we conducted a trial to evaluate the efficacy of H2O2 in reducing a natural infestation of G. salmonis in freshwater-reared, adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Triplicate tanks of adult rainbow trout (20 fish per tank; length = 45.6 +/- 5.8 cm and weight = 1.3 +/- 0.4 kg, mean +/- SD) were exposed to a static bath of H2O2 at a target dosage of 50 mg/L or hatchery water (sham treatment) for 30 min/d on two alternate days. Treatment efficacy was assessed at 2 and 7 d posttreatment via light microscopy examination of skin scrapes (one per fish) taken from 10 fish per tank on each day. At 2 d posttreatment, the mean abundance of G. salmonis in the H2O2 treated group (0.1 +/- 0.3 G. salmonis individuals per skin scrape) was significantly different from that observed in the sham-treated group (34.4 +/- 43.2 individuals per skin scrape). Also, at 7 d posttreatment, the mean abundance of G. salmonis in the H2O2-treated group (0.1 +/- 0.3 individuals per skin scrape) was significantly different from that observed in the sham-treated group (38.5 +/- 77.4 individuals per skin scrape). The percent reduction in mean abundance (treated group compared with control group) was greater than 99% at both 2 and 7 d posttreatment. In conclusion, the H2O2 treatment regimen that we used significantly reduced a natural infestation of G. salmonis in freshwater-reared, adult rainbow trout. C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel; Dotson, Miranda M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675992 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NR UT WOS:000303597700005 ER PT J AU Trushenski, JT Bowker, JD Mulligan, BL Gause, BR AF Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowker, James D. Mulligan, Bonnie L. Gause, Brian R. TI Induction, Recovery, and Hematological Responses of Largemouth Bass to Chemo- and Electrosedation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SENEGALENSIS KAUP 1858; CLOVE OIL ANESTHESIA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; PLASMA-CORTISOL AB Sedating fish before handling minimizes the risk of injury to both fish and handler and may also minimize the fish's stress response. We conducted two experiments to quantitatively compare induction and recovery times of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides sedated with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), eugenol, benzocaine, carbon dioxide (CO2), or electrosedation (pulsed DC). We also assessed the fish's hematological profile following sedation with MS-222, eugenol, and electrosedation. Induction times varied significantly among the sedatives evaluated; electrosedation yielded the fastest inductions (0.2 +/- 0.1 min; mean +/- SE) and CO2 yielded the slowest (3.6 +/- 0.1 min). Times to recovery of equilibrium and responsiveness to tactile and visual-auditory stimuli also varied, ranging from 1.8 +/- 0.3 to 3.7 +/- 0.3 min and from 2.3 +/- 0.3 to 4.0 +/- 0.3 min, respectively, depending on the sedative used. Plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated at 0.5 h postsedation among fish sedated with eugenol and MS-222, whereas cortisol levels of electrosedated fish were comparatively low and stable throughout the experiment. Conversely, plasma glucose and lactate levels increased markedly from 0.5 to 2 h postsedation among electrosedated fish, whereas the responses among fish treated with eugenol or MS-222 were weak or negligible. Our results indicate that electrosedation, benzocaine, eugenol, and MS-222 are all effective in quickly sedating largemouth bass. Physiological and behavioral data suggest that largemouth bass generally recover within 6 h of sedation using MS-222, eugenol, or electrosedation. C1 [Trushenski, Jesse T.; Mulligan, Bonnie L.; Gause, Brian R.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bowker, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Trushenski, JT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675990 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NR UT WOS:000303597700013 ER PT J AU Ostrand, SL Glenn, RA Gannam, AL Hanson, KC AF Ostrand, Susan L. Glenn, Richard A. Gannam, Ann L. Hanson, Kyle C. TI Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Oil on the In Vitro Growth of Six Common Finfish Pathogens SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANT-EXTRACTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT AB Additives are commonly used in feed to enhance fish performance, health, and well-being. In recent years, antibiotics have received increased scrutiny owing to concerns about overuse and their environmental impact. These concerns have generated a desire for naturally derived alternatives for the aquafeed industry. For screening purposes, we examined the in vitro effects of an essential oil on bacteria commonly associated with fish diseases. Six concentrations of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis oil (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mu L/mu L of 1% Tween-20 and pure rosemary oil [1.0]) were used against Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida, and three warmwater bacterial pathogens, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda, along with a control treatment (1% Tween-20 only). After incubation, the mean zone of inhibition around the disks was measured. While most concentrations were found to inhibit pathogen growth, a concentration of 50% or more was found to have significantly higher effects on most of the pathogens tested. Rosemary oil was found to inhibit the growth of F. psychrophilum to the greatest extent and had a limited effect on the other fish pathogens. Although rosemary oil was shown to inhibit the growth of some bacterial fish pathogens in experimental trials, further laboratory and field studies are required to determine whether rosemary oil as a feed additive has any application as part of an integrated fish health management strategy. C1 [Ostrand, Susan L.; Glenn, Richard A.; Gannam, Ann L.; Hanson, Kyle C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Glenn, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM richard_glenn@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Data collection and reporting for the study were funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.675995 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NR UT WOS:000303597700015 ER PT J AU Cox, BS Dux, AM Quist, MC Guy, CS AF Cox, Benjamin S. Dux, Andrew M. Quist, Michael C. Guy, Christopher S. TI Use of a Seismic Air Gun to Reduce Survival of Nonnative Lake Trout Embryos: A Tool for Conservation? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROPHIC CASCADE; DISPLACEMENT; SALMON AB The detrimental impacts of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the western USA have prompted natural resource management agencies in several states to implement lake trout suppression programs. Currently, these programs rely on mechanical removal methods (i.e., gill nets, trap nets, and angling) to capture subadult and adult lake trout. We conducted a study to explore the potential for using high-intensity sound from a relatively small (655.5 cm(3) [40 in(3)]) seismic air gun to reduce survival of lake trout embryos. Lake trout embryos at multiple stages of development were exposed to a single discharge of the seismic air gun at two depths (5 and 15 m) and at two distances from the air gun (0.1 and 2.7 m). Control groups for each developmental stage, distance, and depth were treated identically except that the air gun was not discharged. Mortality in lake trout embryos treated at 0.1 m from the air gun was 100% at 74 daily temperature units in degrees Celsius (TU. C) at both depths. Median mortality in lake trout embryos treated at 0.1 m from the air gun at 207 TU degrees C (93%) and 267 TU degrees C (78%) appeared to be higher than that of controls (49% and 48%, respectively) at 15-m depth. Among the four lake trout developmental stages, exposure to the air gun at 0.1 m resulted in acute mortality up to 60% greater than that of controls. Mortality at a distance of 2.7 m did not appear to differ from that of controls at any developmental stage or at either depth. Our results indicate that seismic air guns have potential as an alternative tool for controlling nonnative lake trout, but further investigation is warranted. C1 [Cox, Benjamin S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dux, Andrew M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Cox, BS (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 17330 SE Evelyn St, Clackamas, OR 97015 USA. EM benjamin.s.cox@state.or.us NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675960 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100010 ER PT J AU Carlin, C Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC AF Carlin, Caroline Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. TI Site Choice among Minnesota Walleye Anglers: The Influence of Resource Conditions, Regulations and Catch Orientation on Lake Preference SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL-FISHERIES; ACTIVE MANAGEMENT; CONSUMPTIVE ORIENTATION; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; FISHING EFFORT; TRIP CONTEXT; SPECIALIZATION; LEISURE; MODEL; SUBSTITUTION AB Understanding angler site choice preferences is important in the management of recreational fisheries to forecast angling demand and effort. This study investigated lake choice by recreational anglers fishing for walleye Sander vitreus in Minnesota and examined how choices were influenced by lake characteristics, angler demographics, and angler catch orientation. We collected data through a stated choice preference experiment using a survey administered to a sample of Minnesota resident (n = 1096) and nonresident (n = 535) anglers. Multinomial probit choice models were used to estimate preferences in lake choice. Lake characteristics included walleye abundance, walleye size, bag limit, slot limit, and distance from primary residence. Models included (1) lake characteristics only, (2) lake characteristics and angler demographics, and (3) lake characteristics with angler demographics and catch orientation factors. The coefficients of lake attributes had expected signs with greater preference for higher walleye abundance, larger walleye, bigger bag limits, absence of slot limits, and less driving time from home (P < 0.001 for all lake characteristics in the first model). Lake choice was influenced by the interaction of lake characteristics with age (negative with abundance of fish, P < 0.100; positive with distance from home, P < 0.001), metropolitan and out-of-state residency (positive with distance from home, P < 0.001), and strength of preference for walleye (positive with distance, P < 0.01). A stronger orientation to keep walleye was positively related to increased bag limits (P < 0.001) and negatively related to slot limits (P < 0.01). Study results have clear implications for managers-bag limits, relative to other lake characteristics, had a large influence on anglers' lake choice for walleye fishing. Because of a stronger catch orientation among walleye anglers, low bag limits reduce lake preference. The results clarify the trade-offs that anglers make when selecting a place to fish for walleye and demonstrate how different management scenarios might influence angler participation. C1 [Carlin, Caroline] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carlin, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 249C Ruttan Hall,1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ccarlin@umn.edu OI Carlin, Caroline/0000-0003-0813-3433 FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR); University of Minnesota FX This study was a cooperative effort supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), and the University of Minnesota. We thank Kathy DonCarlos, Jason Moeckel, and Don Pereira of the MDNR for their support of this project. We thank Rick Nordby for his assistance in working with the MDNR electronic licensing system. We also thank Len Hunt at the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources-Thunder Bay, and Peter Fix at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, for early reviews of the manuscript. Finally, we thank the editor, associate editor and referees for thoughtful reviews that helped improve this paper. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675952 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100011 ER PT J AU Meals, KO Dunn, AW Miranda, LE AF Meals, K. O. Dunn, A. W. Miranda, L. E. TI Trolling May Intensify Exploitation in Crappie Fisheries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM LENGTH LIMIT; COLLAPSE; EXAMPLE; CANADA AB In some parts of the USA, anglers targeting crappies Pomoxis spp. are transitioning from mostly stationary angling with a single pole around submerged structures to using multiple poles while drifting with the wind or under power. This shift in fishing methods could result in a change in catch efficiency, possibly increasing exploitation rates to levels that would be of concern to managers. We studied the catch statistics of anglers fishing while trolling with multiple poles (trollers) and those fishing with single poles (polers) in Mississippi reservoirs. Specifically, we tested whether (1) various catch statistics differed between trollers and polers, (2) catch rates of trollers were related to the number of poles fished, and (3) trollers could raise exploitation rates to potentially unsustainable levels. Results showed that participation in the crappie fisheries was about equally split between polers and trollers. In spring, 90% of crappie anglers were polers; in summer, 85% of crappie anglers were trollers. The size of harvested crappies was similar for the two angler groups, but the catch per hour was almost three times higher for trollers than for polers. Catch rates by trollers were directly correlated to the number of poles fished, although the relationship flattened as the number of poles increased. The average harvest rate for one troller fishing with three poles was similar to the harvest rate obtained by one poler. Simulations predicted that at the existing mix of about 50% polers and 50% trollers and with no restrictions on the number of poles used by trollers, exploitation of crappies is about 1.3 times higher than that in a polers-only fishery; under a scenario in which 100% of crappie anglers were trollers, exploitation was forecasted to increase to about 1.7 times the polers-only rate. The efficiency of trolling for crappies should be of concern to fishery managers because crappie fisheries are mostly consumptive and may increase exploitation rates to unsustainable levels. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Meals, K. O.; Dunn, A. W.] Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank Mike Allen, Jonah Dagel, and Mike McInerny for helpful reviews. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.678563 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100013 ER PT J AU He, JX Ebener, MP Riley, SC Cottrill, A Kowalski, A Koproski, S Mohr, L Johnson, JE AF He, Ji X. Ebener, Mark P. Riley, Stephen C. Cottrill, Adam Kowalski, Adam Koproski, Scott Mohr, Lloyd Johnson, James E. TI Lake Trout Status in the Main Basin of Lake Huron, 1973-2010 SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN-APPROACH; ST-MARYS RIVER; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN WATERS; GREAT-LAKES; NATURAL REPRODUCTION; FISH COMMUNITY; SUPERIOR; REHABILITATION AB We developed indices of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush status in the main basin of Lake Huron (1973-2010) to understand increases in the relative abundance of wild year-classes during 1995-2010. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus wounds per 100 lake trout declined from 23.63 in 2000 to 5.86-10.64 in 2002-2010. The average age-7 lake trout catch per effort per recruitment (CPE/R; fish center dot 305m of gill net(-1)center dot million stocked yearlings(-1)) increased from 0.56 for the 1973-1990 year-classes to 0.92 for the 1991-2001 year-classes. Total CPE (fish/305 m of gill net) declined from 16.4 fish in 1996 to 4.1 fish in 2010, but the percentage of age-5 and younger lake trout steadily decreased from more than 70% before 1996 to less than 10% by 2009. The modal age in gill-net catches increased from age 5 before 1996 to age 7 by 2005. The average adult CPE increased from 2.8 fish/305 m of gill net during 1978-1995 to 5.34 fish/305 m of gill net during 1996-2010. The 1995-2010 year-classes of wild fish were more abundant than previous year-classes and were associated with the relatively high adult abundance during 1996-2010. Until the 2002 year-class, there was no decline in age-7 CPE/R; until 2008, there was no decline in adult CPE. Low survival of the 2002 and 2003 year-classes of stocked fish was related to the event of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus population collapse in 2003-2004. Lake trout in the main basin of Lake Huron are undergoing a transition from a hatchery stock to a wild stock, accompanied by an increased uncertainty in delayed recruitment. Future management should pay more attention to the protection of wild recruitment and the abundance of the spawning stock. C1 [He, Ji X.; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Cottrill, Adam; Mohr, Lloyd] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Kowalski, Adam; Koproski, Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. RP He, JX (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake Huron Res Stn, 160 E Fletcher St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM hej@michigan.gov RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission [001321-022008]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F-81-R, 230451] FX This study was a product of workshops funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (Project Number 001321-022008). J.H.E. thanks Travis Brenden for organizing and leading these workshops and all participants for their perspectives on lake trout rehabilitation in the Great Lakes. This study was funded also by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Aid Project F-81-R to Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Study 230451 at the Lake Huron Research Station). This is contribution 1658 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. The authors thank Brian Lantry, Jim Bence, Ted Treska, and Stephen Lenart for their constructive reviews. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.675947 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100020 ER PT J AU Kirwan, ML Christian, RR Blum, LK Brinson, MM AF Kirwan, Matthew L. Christian, Robert R. Blum, Linda K. Brinson, Mark M. TI On the Relationship Between Sea Level and Spartina alterniflora Production SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE annual productivity; marsh; biomass; wetland; ecogeomorphology; Virginia; LTER ID SALT-MARSH; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; PEAT COLLAPSE; VEGETATION; SURFACE; BIOMASS; FLOW; HYDROPERIOD; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB A positive relationship between interannual sea level and plant growth is thought to stabilize many coastal landforms responding to accelerating rates of sea level rise. Numerical models of delta growth, tidal channel network evolution, and ecosystem resilience incorporate a hump-shaped relationship between inundation and plant primary production, where vegetation growth increases with sea level up to an optimum water depth or inundation frequency. In contrast, we use decade-long measurements of Spartina alterniflora biomass in seven coastal Virginia (USA) marshes to demonstrate that interannual sea level is rarely a primary determinant of vegetation growth. Although we find tepid support for a hump-shaped relationship between aboveground production and inundation when marshes of different elevation are considered, our results suggest that marshes high in the intertidal zone and low in relief are unresponsive to sea level fluctuations. We suggest existing models are unable to capture the behavior of wetlands in these portions of the landscape, and may underestimate their vulnerability to sea level rise because sea level rise will not be accompanied by enhanced plant growth and resultant sediment accumulation. C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kirwan, Matthew L.; Blum, Linda K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Christian, Robert R.; Brinson, Mark M.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beach Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mlk4n@virginia.edu RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011 FU NSF [DEB-0621014]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Access to the study area was provided by The Nature Conservancy. Funding was provided through the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research program (NSF DEB-0621014) and the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s10021-011-9498-7 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 936OZ UT WOS:000303601200011 ER PT J AU Taylor, VF Jackson, BP Siegfried, MR Navratilova, J Francesconi, KA Kirshtein, J Voytek, M AF Taylor, Vivien F. Jackson, Brian P. Siegfried, Matthew R. Navratilova, Jana Francesconi, Kevin A. Kirshtein, Julie Voytek, Mary TI Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL BATHYMODIOLUS-AZORICUS; DEEP-SEA; THIO-ARSENOSUGARS; METAL BIOACCUMULATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE-ALGAE; RIDGE; ARSENOBETAINE AB Arsenic concentration and speciation were determined in benthic fauna collected from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents. The shrimp species, Rimicaris exoculata, the vent chimney-dwelling mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, a commensal worm of B. azoricus and the gastropod Peltospira smaragdina showed variations in As concentration and in stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) signature between species, suggesting different sources of As uptake. Arsenic speciation showed arsenobetaine to be the dominant species in R. exoculata, whereas in B. azoricus and B. seepensis arsenosugars were most abundant, although arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and inorganic arsenic were also observed, along with several unidentified species. Scrape samples from outside the vent chimneys covered with microbial mat, which is a presumed food source for many vent organisms, contained high levels of total As, but organic species were not detectable. The formation of arsenosugars in pelagic environments is typically attributed to marine algae, and the pathway to arsenobetaine is still unknown. The occurrence of arsenosugars and arsenobetaine in these deep sea organisms, where primary production is chemolithoautotrophic and stable isotope analyses indicate food sources are of vent origin, suggests that organic arsenicals can occur in a foodweb without algae or other photosynthetic life. C1 [Taylor, Vivien F.; Jackson, Brian P.] Dartmouth Coll, Trace Element Anal Core, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Siegfried, Matthew R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Navratilova, Jana] Brno Univ Technol, Fac Chem, Inst Food Sci & Biotechnol, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic. [Francesconi, Kevin A.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Kirshtein, Julie; Voytek, Mary] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Taylor, VF (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Trace Element Anal Core, HB 6105,Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM vivien.f.taylor@dartmouth.edu FU NIH [P42 ES007373] FX The authors thank Kate Buckman for comments which significantly improved the manuscript. V. F. Taylor. and B. P. Jackson are supported by NIH grant P42 ES007373. The authors also thank Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Breea Govenar and the crew of the R/V Roger Revelle and the DSROV Jason II for their assistance in obtaining the samples. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 36 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1071/EN11134 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935HI UT WOS:000303509300007 PM 23741175 ER PT J AU Issautier, B Le Nindre, YM Memesh, A Dini, S Viseur, S AF Issautier, Benoit Le Nindre, Yves-Michel Memesh, Abdullah Dini, Saleh Viseur, Sophie TI Managing clastic reservoir heterogeneity I: Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Late Triassic Minjur Sandstone at the Khashrn al Khalta type locality, Central Saudi Arabia SO GEOARABIA LA English DT Article ID KHUFF FORMATION; MIDHNAB MEMBER; PLATFORM; LEVEL AB The Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Minjur Sandstone provides a remarkable case study for understanding and modelling the spatial distribution of sand bodies in a fluvial-deltaic system. As such it has been studied in connection with the geological storage of CO2 in complex heterogeneous formations. Detailed sedimentological mapping of the formation's vertical and lateral variations in and around the type section at Khashm al Khalta (Khashm al Minjur), which is the area of interpreted maximum inlet/outlet activity, has provided a relatively detailed picture of the sequence stratigraphy. As originally described, shallow-marine flooding with the development of tidal mud flats and carbonate facies occurred near the middle of the formation, splitting it into a lower member dominated by subtidal, brackish and scattered fluvial environments, and an upper member marked by the appearance of meandering point bars capped upward by very proximal deposits forming thick (20 m) coarse-grained sandstone bars that can be followed over several kilometers. The general trend at formation scale is thus upward thickening and coarsening sedimentation related to an increasing clastic influx and the development of fluvial systems, with the fluvial upper member being dominated by amalgamated sand bars. The sequence stratigraphy indicates nine depositional sequences involving four depositional environments: sabkha, tidal, estuarine and fluvial-continental. The lower Minjur is a transgressive tract of four sequences of which Sequence 4 reflects maximum flooding and correlates with maximum flooding surface (MFS) Middle Norian Tr80. Sequence 5 corresponds to a meander system at the base of the upper Minjur, and is followed by sequences 6 to 9 reflecting an increasing clastic influx generating amalgamated coarse-grained bars. The upper Minjur thus represents a highstand systems tract. C1 [Issautier, Benoit; Le Nindre, Yves-Michel] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans, France. [Dini, Saleh] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Dini, Saleh] SGS, Phanerozo Rocks Mapping Unit, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Issautier, B (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans, France. EM b.issautier@brgm.fr; ym.lenindre@brgm.fr; memesh.am@sgs.org.sa; s-dini@hotmail.com; sophie.viseur@univ-provence.fr FU Ademe (French Environment and Energy Management Agency); Carnot Institutes FX The results presented here are based on a BRGM research project into reservoir heterogeneities and were presented as a poster display at the GEO 2010 Conference, Bahrain, 2010. The work was carried out in the framework of a PhD thesis supported by Ademe (French Environment and Energy Management Agency) and the Carnot Institutes. It was made possible through an agreement between the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) and BRGM. Dr Zohair A. Nawab and Sami S. Maddah of the SGS are gratefully acknowledged for providing the full participation, encouragement, assistance and support of the SGS. The authors would like thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable editorial comments, Pascal Audigane for advice regarding reservoir engineering and Sir Patrick Skipwith for his precious help on the English writing. The final poster design and layout by GeoArabia's Graphic Designer Nestor "Nino" A. Buhay was very much appreciated. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU GULF PETROLINK PI MANAMA PA PO BOX 20393, MANAMA, 00000, BAHRAIN SN 1025-6059 J9 GEOARABIA JI GeoArabia PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 17 EP 56 PG 40 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 931OO UT WOS:000303229400002 ER PT J AU Howard, DM Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL AF Howard, Daniel M. Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. TI Crop classification modelling using remote sensing and environmental data in the Greater Platte River Basin, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; CARBON; LAND; PLAINS; BIOMES; CORN; FLUX AB With an ever expanding population, potential climate variability and an increasing demand for agriculture-based alternative fuels, accurate agricultural land-cover classification for specific crops and their spatial distributions are becoming critical to researchers, policymakers, land managers and farmers. It is important to ensure the sustainability of these and other land uses and to quantify the net impacts that certain management practices have on the environment. Although other quality crop classification products are often available, temporal and spatial coverage gaps can create complications for certain regional or time-specific applications. Our goal was to develop a model capable of classifying major crops in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) for the post-2000 era to supplement existing crop classification products. This study identifies annual spatial distributions and area totals of corn, soybeans, wheat and other crops across the GPRB from 2000 to 2009. We developed a regression tree classification model based on 2.5 million training data points derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) in relation to a variety of other relevant input environmental variables. The primary input variables included the weekly 250 m US Geological Survey Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized differential vegetation index, average long-term growing season temperature, average long-term growing season precipitation and yearly start of growing season. An overall model accuracy rating of 78% was achieved for a test sample of roughly 215 000 independent points that were withheld from model training. Ten 250 m resolution annual crop classification maps were produced and evaluated for the GPRB region, one for each year from 2000 to 2009. In addition to the model accuracy assessment, our validation focused on spatial distribution and county-level crop area totals in comparison with the NASS CDL and county statistics from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture. The results showed that our model produced crop classification maps that closely resembled the spatial distribution trends observed in the NASS CDL and exhibited a close linear agreement with county-by-county crop area totals from USDA census data (R-2 = 0.90). C1 [Howard, Daniel M.; Wylie, Bruce K.; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Howard, DM (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM dhoward@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USGS [G10PC00044] FX This study was funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program and performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 19 BP 6094 EP 6108 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.680617 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 936JV UT WOS:000303587600007 ER PT J AU Mongillo, TM Holmes, EE Noren, DP VanBlaricom, GR Punt, AE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM Hanson, MB Ross, PS AF Mongillo, Teresa M. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Noren, Dawn P. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Punt, Andre E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hanson, M. Bradley Ross, Peter S. TI Predicted polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in southern resident killer whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE PCB; PBDE; Bioaccumulation; Killer whale; Model; Contaminants; Persistent organic pollutants ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ORCINUS-ORCA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are anthropogenic contaminants that bioaccumulate in upper trophic level species. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are POPs of particular concern because they can induce immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive impairment. Killer whales Orcinus orca can accumulate high concentrations of POPs because they are long-lived apex predators. Southern resident killer whales (SRKWs) are an endangered fish-eating population that consists of 3 pods (J, K, and L) with a geographic range from central California, USA, to the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. An individual-based modeling approach was used to predict the accumulation of sum PBDEs (Sigma PBDEs) and sum PCBs (Sigma PCBs) in specific individuals in the SRKW population. Model predictions for the current concentrations corresponded closely to the concentrations measured in biopsies collected from known individuals. The predicted Sigma PBDE concentrations over the life-span of individual killer whales were consistent with a doubling time of similar to 3 to 4 yr, highlighting the rapid emergence of PBDEs as a priority concern in these animals. J pod individuals had the highest predicted Sigma PBDE and Sigma PCB concentrations, likely due to their increased residence time near industrial centers. Modeled historical Sigma PCB concentrations did not increase substantially over time or with age in males born after 1970, whereas the Sigma PBDE concentrations increased over time and with age. In general, modeled future projections indicated that the average male and female had similar Sigma PBDE trends with age, time, and diet scenario. Future Sigma PCBs are predicted to slowly decline; however, SRKWs will continue to be exposed for several generations. C1 [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Noren, Dawn P.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ross, Peter S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mongillo, TM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM teresa.mongillo@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC; SAFS/UW; Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey, located at SAFS, UW FX We thank Ken Balcomb and his colleagues at the Center for Whale Research, Friday Harbor, Washington, who perform the SRKW annual surveys and who provided the life history and population data. Brendan Hickie (Trent University) provided guidance and support with the beginning modeling structure. We offer additional thanks to Peter Olesiuk (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Peggy Krahn, Eric Ward, Brice Semmens, and Yasmin Lucero (NWFSC, NOAA Fisheries), and the graduate students and staff of the VanBlaricom lab (School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences [SAFS], University of Washington [UW], Seattle) for their advice during the course of this study. We thank Trevor Branch and 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructively critical comments on draft versions of the manuscript. Main funding support for our work was provided by NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC, the SAFS/UW, and the Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship. Additional support came from the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey, located at SAFS, UW. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 78 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps09658 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200014 ER PT J AU Mongillo, TM Holmes, EE Noren, DP VanBlaricom, GR Punt, AE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM Hanson, MB Ross, PS AF Mongillo, Teresa M. Holmes, Elizabeth E. Noren, Dawn P. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Punt, Andre E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hanson, M. Bradley Ross, Peter S. TI Predicted polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in southern resident killer whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BLUBBER; WATERS C1 [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Noren, Dawn P.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mongillo, Teresa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ross, Peter S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Mongillo, TM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM teresa.mongillo@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200015 ER PT J AU Iles, AC Archdeacon, TP Bonar, SA AF Iles, Alison C. Archdeacon, Thomas P. Bonar, Scott A. TI Novel Praziquantel Treatment Regime for Controlling Asian Tapeworm Infections in Pond-Reared Fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CAROLINA COOLING RESERVOIR; BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI YAMAGUTI; CYPRINUS-CARPIO-L; GRASS CARP; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; BATH TREATMENTS; CESTODA; CHUB; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; LARVAL AB The Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus achelognathii is an intestinal fish parasite that is nonnative to but widespread throughout the southwestern United States. Praziquantel is an anthelminthic drug commonly used to treat fish for Asian tapeworm; however, it does not kill tapeworm eggs, so the water in ponds used for fish rearing must be exchanged after treatment. Our objective was to determine whether a system containing both an intermediate copepod host and a definitive fish host for Asian tapeworm could be treated without exchanging the water by using a follow-up treatment for any tapeworms that developed from eggs released before or during the first treatment. Here, we have described a new praziquantel treatment regimen to control Asian tapeworm infections in freshwater-reared fish. To evaluate the efficacy of this regimen, we stocked 50 red shiners Cyprinella lutrensis and an intermediate copepod host, Cyclops vernalis, into each of six pond mesocosms containing artificial macrophytes, sand, and gravel to simulate natural pools and provide suitable substrate for the copepod's life history. The test fish population had been naturally infected with B. achelognathii and had an initial infection prevalence of 14% and an infection intensity of 2.14 +/- 2.19 (mean +/- SD) worms per fish. Three mesocosms were treated twice, each with 2.5 mg/L praziquantel; 19 d passed between treatments to allow for possible reinfection to occur. After a 2.5-month posttreatment period to allow any remaining tapeworms to reestablish themselves, we killed and dissected all of the remaining fish. No worms were found in treated fish; however, the control group had an infection prevalence of 18 +/- 6% and an infection intensity of 3.45 +/- 2.1 worms per fish. Based on these results, we concluded that the praziquantel treatment regime administered was efficacious and suggest testing it on a larger scale. We caution that praziquantel has not been approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use on fish but can be used legally in some situations. C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Iles, Alison C.; Archdeacon, Thomas P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This experiment was one component of a larger project funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Program, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U. S. National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Andrea Francis for care of the fish and copepods used in this experiment and managing the day-to-day laboratory and greenhouse operations. We also thank Debra Hughson of the National Park Service; Robyn Beck, James deVos, and Chantal O'Brien of the Arizona Game and Fish Department; Charles Ault and William Radke of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for project oversight; William J. Matter, Colleen Caldwell, David Ward, and two anonymous referees for reviews. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Government. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.656485 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936NS UT WOS:000303597800012 ER PT J AU Starratt, SW AF Starratt, Scott W. TI Holocene diatom flora and climate history of Medicine Lake, Northern California, USA SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE paleolimnology; oligotrophic lake; volcanic lake; marine-terrestrial correlation ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; LIMNOLOGICAL CHANGES; HIGH ELEVATION; MODOC PLATEAU; OREGON; AMERICA; RECORD AB A 226-cm-long sediment core spanning the past similar to 11,400 years was recovered from Medicine Lake, on the Modoc Plateau in northeastern California. Diatom assemblages provide a record of lake level that is driven by local and regional climate changes and changes in basin morphology due to the activity of Medicine Lake volcano. The diatom record indicates that throughout its history, Medicine Lake was an oligotrophic lake, dominated by Cyclotella stelligera and C. pseudostelligera. Variations in lake level are suggested by changes in the structure of the diatom assemblages. The lowest part of the core (11,400 to 10,300 cal yr BE) contains the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. From about 11,000 to 5500 cal yr B.P, the lake filled two small, steep-sided basins or one basin with two steep-sided sub-basins connected by a shallow shelf. During this time, the diatom evidence (Cyclotella/Navicula ratio) indicates that effective moisture increased, leading to a deeper lake. Over the past 5500 years the diatom record indicates fluctuations in lake level. The change in lake level pattern from one of increasing depth prior to about 5500 cal yr BR to one of variable depths may be related to changes in the morphology of the Medicine Lake basin in addition to shifts in local and regional climate. During this latter period the Cyclotella/Navicula ratio varies, suggesting that the level of the lake fluctuated, resulting in changes in colonizable shelf area. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM SStarratt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX I thank Elmira Wan, Mary McGann, Jason Addison, and John Barron of the U.S. Geological Survey for their detailed reviews. Julie Donnelly-Nolan generously provided a great deal of information on the history of Medicine Lake volcano. Age control data were provided by Charlie Bacon, Julie Donnelly-Nolan, and Manuel Nathenson and 14C AMS dates were provided by Jack McGeehin, all of the USGS. Dates on the tephra were originally determined by the USGS Tephrochronology Project. This research was supported by the Global Change and Volcano Hazards Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2012 SU 141 BP 485 EP 503 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 914YS UT WOS:000301990400027 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Historical Foundation of Plant and Groundwater Interactions SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYBRID POPLAR TREES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; EMERGENT AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER SEDIMENTS; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; JET FUEL JP-8; X NIGRA DN34 C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 815 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 44 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100001 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Integration of Plant and Groundwater Interactions SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 27 EP 42 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100002 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Fundamentals of Plant Anatomy and Physiology Related to Water Use SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 43 EP 93 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 51 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100003 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Fundamentals of Groundwater Hydrogeology SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100004 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Plant and Groundwater Interactions Under Pristine Conditions SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100005 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Site Assessment and Characterization SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 131 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100006 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Plant Selection, Installation, and Management to Affect Groundwater SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 155 EP 188 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 34 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100007 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Conceptual Frameworks for Phytoremediation to Achieve Hydrologic Goals SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 189 EP 208 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100008 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Monitoring Plant and Groundwater Interactions SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 209 EP 232 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_9 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100009 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Economic and Regulatory Factors That Affect the Phytoremediation of Groundwater SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100010 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Plant Interactions with Biogeochemical Environments SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 245 EP 274 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 30 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100011 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Chemical and Physical Properties That Affect the Interaction Between Plants and Contaminated Groundwater SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 275 EP 305 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_12 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 31 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100012 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Plant Control on the Fate of Common Groundwater Contaminants SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 307 EP 340 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 34 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100013 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Conceptual Frameworks for the Phytoremediation of Groundwater Contamination SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_14 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100014 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Monitoring for Phytoremediation of Groundwater Contamination SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100015 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Economic and Regulatory Factors That Affect the Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100016 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. BA Landmeyer, JE BF Landmeyer, JE TI Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater Historical Foundation, Hydrologic Control, and Contaminant Remediation Epilogue SO INTRODUCTION TO PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GOUNDWATER: HISTORICAL FOUNDATION, HYDROLOGIC CONTROL, AND CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov; jlandmey@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1956-9 PY 2012 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_17 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZT31 UT WOS:000302880100017 ER PT J AU Watson, MJ Spendelow, JA Hatch, JJ AF Watson, Maggie J. Spendelow, Jeffrey A. Hatch, Jeremy J. TI Post-fledging brood and care division in the roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brood division; Care division; Parental care; Post-fledging; Roseate tern; Sterna dougallii ID PARENTAL CARE; COMMON TERNS; PATERNITY; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; HIRUNDO AB Extended post-fledging parental care is an important aspect of parental care in birds, although little studied due to logistic difficulties. Commonly, the brood is split physically (brood division) and/or preferential care is given to a subset of the brood by one parent or the other (care division). Among gulls and tern (Laridae), males and females generally share parental activities during the pre-fledging period, but the allocation of parental care after fledging is little documented. This study examined the behaviour of male and female roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) during the late chick-rearing and early post-fledging periods, and in particular the amount of feeds and the time spent in attendance given to individual chicks/fledglings. Pre-fledging parental care was biparental in all cases. Post-fledging parental care was dependent on the number of fledglings in the brood. Males and females continued biparental care in clutches with one surviving fledgling, while in two-fledgling clutches, males fed the A-fledgling while females fed the B-fledgling. Overall, there was no difference in attendance, only in feeds. This division of care may be influenced by the male only being certain of the paternity of the A-chick but not by chick sex. C1 [Watson, Maggie J.] Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. [Watson, Maggie J.; Hatch, Jeremy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Watson, MJ (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. EM mawatson@csu.edu.au RI Watson, Maggie/K-3570-2016 OI Watson, Maggie/0000-0001-6021-9686 FU Nuttall Ornithological Club FX We are grateful to D. Shealer and J. Zingo for their contributions to the set-up of this study and the Stewart B. McKinney N.W.R. for permission to work on Falkner Island. We are indebted to I.C.T. Nisbet for the idea for this project, P. Szczys for sexing the fledglings and S. Brault for analytical advice, and also to J. Arnold for encouragement and company, as well as D. Watson for support and comments on various drafts. This research was supported by the Blake Fund of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Field studies were carried out in accordance with all relevant state and Federal regulations and licences. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10164-011-0286-9 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 929KD UT WOS:000303059700005 ER PT J AU Abon, CC David, CPC Tabios, GQ AF Abon, Catherine C. David, Carlos Primo C. Tabios, Guillermo Q., III TI Community-based monitoring for flood early warning system An example in central Bicol River basin, Philippines SO DISASTER PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Philippines; Floods; Rivers; Communities; Modelling; Precipitation; Early warning; Geomorphology; Bicol River basin ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; INUNDATION; GIS; MODELS; SRTM; SIMULATION; IZMIR AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to integrate the proactive role of communities and the use of flood modeling in the implementation of a flood early warning system. Design/methodology/approach - Manual rain gauges were installed in 20 houses of volunteers living within the Bicol River basin to monitor rainfall. Rain information is sent twice daily via SMS message to a receiving computer. The received data are used to run a basin model that was developed in HEC-HMS, which converts precipitation excess to overland flow and channel run-off. Findings - Different watershed models were developed for different rainfall events. Geomorphic analysis using 3 s SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) processed in a GIS platform was also done to refine the overland flow. The derived hydrographs were used in the HEC-RAS hydraulic model which has as main output threshold values for the rain-flood relationship. Research limitations/implications - Although SRTM DEM that was used for the geomorphic analysis was sufficient for the purpose of the study, higher resolution DEMs can further improve the mapping of spatial extent of flood areas. Practical implications The results are used for the forecast of flood and the timely issuance of flood bulletins. Originality/value - This study is the first to incorporate the involvement of the community in establishing a flood early warning system. The method can also be used as a prototype for other flood models in other parts of the country. C1 [David, Carlos Primo C.; Tabios, Guillermo Q., III] Univ Philippines, Natl Inst Geol Sci, Diliman, Philippines. [David, Carlos Primo C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. [Tabios, Guillermo Q., III] Univ Philippines, Natl Hydraul Res Ctr, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Abon, CC (reprint author), Univ Philippines, Natl Inst Geol Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. EM catherineabon@gmail.com NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0965-3562 J9 DISASTER PREV MANAG JI Disaster Prev. Manag. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1108/09653561211202728 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Business & Economics GA 926GB UT WOS:000302818200007 ER PT B AU Drew, CA Collazo, JA AF Drew, C. Ashton Collazo, Jaime A. BE Perera, AH Drew, CA Johnson, CJ TI Expert Knowledge as a Foundation for the Management of Secretive Species and Their Habitat SO EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WILDLIFE HABITAT; CONSERVATION C1 [Drew, C. Ashton] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drew, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, David Clark Labs, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM cadrew@ncsu.edu; jaime_collazo@ncsu.edu; cadrew@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1033-1 PY 2012 BP 87 EP 107 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT32 UT WOS:000302880200005 ER PT B AU Moody, AT Grand, JB AF Moody, Allison T. Grand, James B. BE Perera, AH Drew, CA Johnson, CJ TI Incorporating Expert Knowledge in Decision-Support Models for Avian Conservation SO EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-AMERICA; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; UMBRELLA; ECOREGIONS; CHALLENGES; PRIORITIES; FLAGSHIPS C1 [Moody, Allison T.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife Sci 3236, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Moody, AT (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 3301 Forestry & Wildlife Sci Bldg,602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM atm0005@auburn.edu; grandjb@auburn.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1033-1 PY 2012 BP 109 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT32 UT WOS:000302880200006 ER PT B AU Johnson, CJ Drew, CA Perera, AH AF Johnson, Chris J. Drew, C. Ashton Perera, Ajith H. BE Perera, AH Drew, CA Johnson, CJ TI Elicitation and Use of Expert Knowledge in Landscape Ecological Applications: A Synthesis SO EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HABITAT SUITABILITY MODEL; OPINION; UNCERTAINTY C1 [Johnson, Chris J.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Drew, C. Ashton] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey,David Clark Labs, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Perera, Ajith H.] Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. EM johnsoch@unbc.ca; cadrew@ncsu.edu; ajith.perera@ontario.ca; ajith.perera@ontario.ca; cadrew@ncsu.edu; johnsoch@unbc.ca NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1033-1 PY 2012 BP 279 EP 299 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZT32 UT WOS:000302880200014 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Voulgaris, G Warner, JC Olabarrieta, M AF Kumar, Nirnimesh Voulgaris, George Warner, John C. Olabarrieta, Maitane TI Implementation of the vortex force formalism in the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system for inner shelf and surf zone applications SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Vortex-force; Wave-current interaction; COAWST; ROMS; SWAN; Radiation stress; Three-dimensional; Modeling; Rip current; Littoral velocities; Nearshore circulation; Bottom streaming ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; BREAKING WAVES; RIP CURRENTS; BARRED BEACH; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; VELOCITY PROFILES; RADIATION-STRESS AB The coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport modeling system (COAWST) enables simulations that integrate oceanic, atmospheric, wave and morphological processes in the coastal ocean. Within the modeling system, the three-dimensional ocean circulation module (ROMS) is coupled with the wave generation and propagation model (SWAN) to allow full integration of the effect of waves on circulation and vice versa. The existing wave-current coupling component utilizes a depth dependent radiation stress approach. In here we present a new approach that uses the vortex force formalism. The formulation adopted and the various parameterizations used in the model as well as their numerical implementation are presented in detail. The performance of the new system is examined through the presentation of four test cases. These include obliquely incident waves on a synthetic planar beach and a natural barred beach (DUCK' 94); normal incident waves on a nearshore barred morphology with rip channels; and wave-induced mean flows outside the surf zone at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO). Model results from the planar beach case show good agreement with depth-averaged analytical solutions and with theoretical flow structures. Simulation results for the DUCK' 94 experiment agree closely with measured profiles of cross-shore and longshore velocity data from Garcez-Faria et al. (1998, 2000). Diagnostic simulations showed that the nonlinear processes of wave roller generation and wave-induced mixing are important for the accurate simulation of surf zone flows. It is further recommended that a more realistic approach for determining the contribution of wave rollers and breaking induced turbulent mixing can be formulated using non-dimensional parameters which are functions of local wave parameters and the beach slope. Dominant terms in the cross-shore momentum balance are found to be the quasi-static pressure gradient and breaking acceleration. In the alongshore direction, bottom stress, breaking acceleration, horizontal advection and horizontal vortex forces dominate the momentum balance. The simulation results for the bar/rip channel morphology case clearly show the ability of the modeling system to reproduce horizontal and vertical circulation patterns similar to those found in laboratory studies and to numerical simulations using the radiation stress representation. The vortex force term is found to be more important at locations where strong flow vorticity interacts with the wave-induced Stokes flow field. Outside the surf zone, the three-dimensional model simulations of wave-induced flows for non-breaking waves closely agree with flow observations from MVCO, with the vertical structure of the simulated flow varying as a function of the vertical viscosity as demonstrated by Lentz et al. (2008). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Nirnimesh; Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Warner, John C.; Olabarrieta, Maitane] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM nkumar@geol.sc.edu; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu; jcwarner@usgs.gov; molabarrieta@usgs.gov RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 FU NOAA/IOOS; National Science Foundation [OCE-0451989, OCE-0535893] FX The first two authors were supported by a NOAA/IOOS Grant (Integration of Coastal Observations and Assets in the Carolinas in Support of Regional Coastal Ocean Observation System Development in the Southeast Atlantic) and a cooperative agreement between US Geological Survey and University of South Carolina as part of the Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project. Also G. Voulgaris was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (Awards: OCE-0451989 and OCE-0535893). We would like to thank Dr. Lentz for his comments regarding the inner shelf test case. Finally, we would also like to thank the ROMS and SWAN code developers for their hard work in developing this open source code, and the staff and personnel involved in collecting and maintaining the DUCK'94 experiment dataset. NR 99 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2012 VL 47 BP 65 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.01.003 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 926OF UT WOS:000302840000006 ER PT J AU Arimitsu, ML Piatt, JF Madison, EN Conaway, JS Hillgruber, N AF Arimitsu, Mayumi L. Piatt, John F. Madison, Erica N. Conaway, Jeffrey S. Hillgruber, Nicola TI Oceanographic gradients and seabird prey community dynamics in glacial fjords SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brachyramphus brevirostris; capelin; chlorophyll; ecosystem; euphausiid; Kenai Fjords; Kittlitz's Murrelet; marine food web; marine sill; nutrients; tidal currents; tidewater glacier; turbidity ID MURRELET BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; LOWER COOK INLET; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; NORTHERN GULF; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; KITTLITZS MURRELETS; MARBLED MURRELET AB Glacial fjord habitats are undergoing rapid change as a result of contemporary global warming, yet little is known about how glaciers influence marine ecosystems. These ecosystems provide important feeding, breeding and rearing grounds for a wide variety of marine organisms, including seabirds of management concern. To characterize ocean conditions and marine food webs near tidewater glaciers, we conducted monthly surveys of oceanographic variables, plankton, fish and seabirds in Kenai Fjords, Alaska, from June to August of 2007 and 2008. We also measured tidal current velocities near glacial features. We found high sediment load from glacial river runoff played a major role in structuring the fjord marine ecosystem. Submerged moraines (sills) isolated cool, fresh, stratified and silt-laden inner fjord habitats from oceanic influence. Near tidewater glaciers, surface layers of turbid glacial runoff limited availability of light to phytoplankton, but macrozooplankton were abundant in surface waters, perhaps due to the absence of a photic cue for diel migration. Fish and zooplankton community structure varied along an increasing temperature gradient throughout the summer. Acoustic measurements indicated that low density patches of fish and zooplankton were available in the surface waters near glacial river outflows. This is the foraging habitat occupied most by Kittlitzs murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), a rare seabird that appears to be specialized for life in glacially influenced environments. Kittlitzs murrelets were associated with floating glacial ice, and they were more likely to occur near glaciers, in deeper water, and in areas with high acoustic backscatter. Kittlitzs murrelet at-sea distribution was limited to areas influenced by turbid glacial outflows, and where prey was concentrated near the surface in waters with low light penetration. Tidewater glaciers impart unique hydrographic characteristics that influence marine plankton and fish communities, and this has cascading effects on marine food webs in these ecosystems. C1 [Arimitsu, Mayumi L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Piatt, John F.; Madison, Erica N.; Conaway, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Arimitsu, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 250 Egan Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM marimitsu@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Natural Resources Protection Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center with additional support from the Natural Resources Protection Program. Our thanks go to Naomi Bargmann, Gary Drew, Meg Hahr, Caroline Jezierski, Dan Shultz, Shiway Wang and to boat captains Greg Snedgen and Jon Wetzel for help in the field. Shelley Hall and Mark Kansteiner provided logistical support in Kenai Fjords National Park. Franz Mueter, Marc Romano, Alexei Pinchuk, and Tom Weingartner assisted during the planning and analysis phases of this work. We also thank Josh Adams, Alan Burger, Karen Oakley and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the federal government. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2-3 BP 148 EP 169 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00616.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 922JG UT WOS:000302542600004 ER PT J AU Xian, G Homer, C Aldridge, C AF Xian, George Homer, Collin Aldridge, Cameron TI Assessing long-term variations in sagebrush habitat - characterization of spatial extents and distribution patterns using multi-temporal satellite remote-sensing data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; SAGE-GROUSE; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; WINTER HABITAT; ECOSYSTEM; RESOLUTION AB An approach that can generate sagebrush habitat change estimates for monitoring large-area sagebrush ecosystems has been developed and tested in southwestern Wyoming, USA. This prototype method uses a satellite-based image change detection algorithm and regression models to estimate sub-pixel percentage cover for five sagebrush habitat components: bare ground, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush and shrub. Landsat images from three different months in 1988, 1996 and 2006 were selected to identify potential landscape change during these time periods using change vector (CV) analysis incorporated with an image normalization algorithm. Regression tree (RT) models were used to estimate percentage cover for five components on all change areas identified in 1988 and 1996, using unchanged 2006 baseline data as training for both estimates. Over the entire study area (24 950 km(2)), a net increase of 98.83 km(2), or 0.7%, for bare ground was measured between 1988 and 2006. Over the same period, the other four components had net losses of 20.17 km(2), or 0.6%, for herbaceous vegetation; 30.16 km(2), or 0.7%, for litter; 32.81 km(2), or 1.5%, for sagebrush; and 33.34 km(2), or 1.2%, for shrubs. The overall accuracy for shrub vegetation change between 1988 and 2006 was 89.56%. Change patterns within sagebrush habitat components differ spatially and quantitatively from each other, potentially indicating unique responses by these components to disturbances imposed upon them. C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU Wyoming State office; Lander Bureau of Land Management field office; USGS Central Region Office; Central Region Integrated Science Proposals; Central Region's DOI on the Landscape Program FX We thank Debbie Meyer for selecting and providing Landsat imagery and certain GIS data layers. We thank Greg Fox, Austin Krcmarik, Chris Mahony, Katie Moon, Roger Pearce, Tracy Perfors, Sarah Rehme, John Severson and Greg Wann for their tireless efforts to collect all the field data, and Spencer Shell for his extraordinary efforts in the field. We also thank Dan Neubaum and Diana Keck for coordination of field crews. The Wyoming State office and the Lander Bureau of Land Management field office were instrumental in supporting this project, both logistically and financially. Specifically, we thank T. Rinkes, R. Vigil, K. Henke and D. Simpson for their support and interest in this research. We thank the USGS Central Region Office and all individuals involved with the Central Region Integrated Science Proposals and the Central Region's DOI on the Landscape Program for financial support. Drs James Vogelmann and Robert Klaver are also thanked for their suggestions to improve this article. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive suggestions. Work by George Xian was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 7 BP 2034 EP 2058 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.605085 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917GZ UT WOS:000302162200003 ER PT J AU Ge, ZF Whitman, RL Nevers, MB Phanikumar, MS Byappanahalli, MN AF Ge, Zhongfu Whitman, Richard L. Nevers, Meredith B. Phanikumar, Mantha S. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. TI Nearshore hydrodynamics as loading and forcing factors for Escherichia coli contamination at an embayed beach SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; ENTEROCOCCI; SURVIVAL; MODEL; SAND; DISINFECTION; RESUSPENSION AB Numerical simulations of the transport and fate of Escherichia coli were conducted at Chicago's 63rd Street Beach, an embayed beach that had the highest mean E. coli concentration among 23 similar Lake Michigan beaches during summer months of 2000-2005, in order to find the cause for the high bacterial contamination. The numerical model was based on the transport of E. coli by current circulation patterns in the embayment driven by longshore main currents and the loss of E. coli in the water column, taking settling as well as bacterial dark-and solar-related decay into account. Two E. coli loading scenarios were considered: one from the open boundary north of the embayment and the other from the shallow water near the beachfront. Simulations showed that the embayed beach behaves as a sink for E. coli in that it generally receives E. coli more efficiently than it releases them. This is a result of the significantly different hydrodynamic forcing factors between the inside of the embayment and the main coastal flow outside. The settled E. coli inside the embayment can be a potential source of contamination during subsequent sediment resuspension events, suggesting that deposition-resuspension cycles of E. coli have resulted in excessive bacterial contamination of beach water. A further hypothetical case with a breakwater shortened to half its original length, which was anticipated to enhance the current circulation in the embayment, showed a reduction in E. coli concentrations of nearly 20%. C1 [Ge, Zhongfu; Whitman, Richard L.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Indiana, PA USA. [Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ge, ZF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Indiana, PA USA. EM zge@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Great Lakes; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative FX We are grateful to David Schwab and Nathan Hawley of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their contributions to this research. We also thank Gregory Lang of NOAA and Pramod Thupaki, Jie Niu, and George Wimbrow of Michigan State University for their assistance with data and fieldwork, as well as the two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their insightful comments. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Great Lakes Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP), Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, and NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative. This article is contribution 1664 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 362 EP 381 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0362 PG 20 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 923ID UT WOS:000302612100012 ER PT B AU Chaytor, JD Twichell, DC ten Brink, US AF Chaytor, Jason D. Twichell, David C. ten Brink, Uri S. BE Yamada, Y Kawamura, K Ikehara, K Ogawa, Y Urgeles, R Mosher, D Chaytor, J Strasser, M TI A Reevaluation of the Munson-Nygren-Retriever Submarine Landslide Complex, Georges Bank Lower Slope, Western North Atlantic SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY OCT 24-26, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IUGS UNESCO, United Nations Educ Sci & Cultural Org, IUGS, Integrated Ocean Drill Program, Tokyo Geograph Soc, Inoue Fdn Sci, KAkenhi NAnkal Megathrust Earthquakes, Sedimentological Soc Japan, Kyoto Univ Global COE Program, Japan Drill Earth Sci Consortium DE Canyons; Multibeam bathymetry; Debris deposits; Seismic reflection ID MARGIN AB The Munson-Nygren-Retriever (MNR) landslide complex is a series of distinct submarine landslides located between Nygren and Powell canyons on the Georges Bank lower slope. These landslides were first imaged in 1978 using widely-spaced seismic reflection profiles and were further investigated using continuous coverage GLORIA sidescan imagery collected over the landslide complex in 1987. Recent acquisition of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry across these landslides has provided an unprecedented view of their complex morphology and allows for a more detailed investigation of their evacuation and deposit morphologies and sizes, modes of failure, and relationship to the adjacent sections of the margin, including the identification of an additional landslide within the MNR complex, referred to here as the Pickett slide. The evacuation zone of these landslides covers an area of approximately 1,780 km(2). The headwalls of these landslides are at a depth of approximately 1,800 m, with evacuation extending for approximately 60 km downslope to the top of the continental rise. High-relief debris deposits, in the form of blocks and ridges, are present down the length of the majority of the evacuation zones and within the deposition area at the base of the slope. On the continental rise, the deposits from each of the most recent failures of the MNR complex landslides merge with debris from earlier continental slope failures, canyon and along-slope derived deposits, and prominent upper-rise failures. C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.; Twichell, David C.; ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-2161-6 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2012 VL 31 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_12 PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA BZO82 UT WOS:000302282300012 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, B Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI The "Peer" in "Peer Review" SO HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, Bruce] USGS, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Manchester, England. [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Muths, Erin] USGS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Measey, G John/F-2028-2010; Bertoluci, Jaime/C-2824-2012 OI Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH HERPETOL SOC PI LONDON PA C/O ZOOL SOC LONDON REGENTS PARK, LONDON NW1 4RY, ENGLAND SN 0268-0130 J9 HERPETOL J JI Herpetolog. J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 918SP UT WOS:000302271700001 ER PT J AU Naimi, M Znari, M Lovich, JE Feddadi, Y Baamrane, MAA AF Naimi, Mohamed Znari, Mohammed Lovich, Jeffrey E. Feddadi, Youssef Ait Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil TI Clutch and egg allometry of the turtle Mauremys leprosa (Chelonia: Geoemydidae) from a polluted peri-urban river in west-central Morocco SO HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE clutch size; constraint; Morocco; optimal egg size; turtle ID REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; BODY-SIZE; ECOLOGY; CONSTRAINT; STAGE AB We examined the relationships of clutch size (CS) and egg size to female body size (straight-line carapace length, CL) in a population of the turtle Mauremys leprosa from a polluted segment of oued (river) Tensift in arid west-central Morocco. Twenty-eight adult females were collected in May July, 2009 and all were gravid. Each was weighed, measured, humanely euthanized and then dissected. Oviductal shelled eggs were removed, weighed (egg mass, EM) and measured for length (EL) and width (EW). Clutch mass (CM) was the sum of EM for a clutch. Pelvic aperture width (PAW) was measured at the widest point between the ilia bones through which eggs must pass at oviposition. The smallest gravid female had a CL of 124.0 mm. Mean CS was relatively large (9.7 +/- 2.0 eggs, range: 3-13) and may reflect high productivity associated with polluted (eutrophic) waters. Regression analyses were conducted using log-transformed data. CM increased isometrically with maternal body size. CS, EW and EM were all significantly hypoallometric in their relationship with CL. EL did not change significantly with increases in CL. EW increased at a hypoallometric rate with increasing CL but was unconstrained by PAW since the widest egg was smaller than the narrowest PAW measurement when excluding the three smallest females. Smaller females may have EW constrained by PAW. As females increase in size they increase both clutch size and egg width in contradiction to predictions of optimal egg size theory. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Naimi, Mohamed; Znari, Mohammed; Feddadi, Youssef; Ait Baamrane, Moulay Abdeljalil] Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Marrakech 40000, Morocco. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS 9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU U.S. Department of State FX Research was carried out under permits issued to Mohammed Znari (Decision #115 HCEFLCD/DLCDPN/DPRN/CFF provided by the Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forets et a la Lutte Contre la Desertification, Moroccan Waters and Forests Service) in Rabat. Special thanks to the Fulbright Program of the U.S. Department of State for facilitating our collaboration with grants to both Lovich and Znari. We are also indebted to Professor Lahcen Ameziane, the Dean of the Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco for providing support for our collaboration. Earlier versions of this manuscript benefitted from comments offered by R. Bruce Bury, John Iverson, and Peter Lindeman. The use of product names in this article does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH HERPETOL SOC PI LONDON PA C/O ZOOL SOC LONDON REGENTS PARK, LONDON NW1 4RY, ENGLAND SN 0268-0130 J9 HERPETOL J JI Herpetolog. J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 918SP UT WOS:000302271700006 ER PT J AU Leicht-Young, SA Pavlovic, NB Adams, JV AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Pavlovic, Noel B. Adams, Jean V. TI Competitive Interactions of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and Damesrocket (Hesperis matronalis) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Competition; invasive species; replacement series ID EASTERN DECIDUOUS FORESTS; INVASIVE PLANT; MICROSTEGIUM-VIMINEUM; DENSITY; BRASSICACEAE; POPULATIONS; UNDERSTORY; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION AB Competitive interactions between native plants and nonnative, invasive plant species have been extensively studied; however, within degraded landscapes, the effect of interspecific interactions among invasive plants is less explored. We investigated a competitive interaction between two sympatric, invasive mustard species that have similar life history strategies and growth forms: garlic mustard and damesrocket. Greenhouse experiments using a full range of reciprocal density ratios were conducted to investigate interspecific competition. Garlic mustard had a negative effect on the final biomass, number of leaves, and relative growth rate in height of damesrocket. Survival of damesrocket was not negatively affected by interspecific competition with garlic mustard; however, garlic mustard showed higher mortality because of intraspecific competition. These results indicated that although garlic mustard has been observed to be the dominant species in this landscape, it may not completely outcompete damesrocket in all situations. Studies of invasive species in competition are important in degraded landscapes because this is the common situation in many natural areas. C1 [Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Katie Kangas, Laura Cremin, Kelly McAvoy, and Krystalynn Frohnapple for assistance in conducting the experiment. Dr. Young Choi and Dr. Kemuel Badger provided useful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. This article is contribution No. 1681 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 45 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00025.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917TC UT WOS:000302200500004 ER PT J AU Renz, MJ Steinmaus, SJ Gilmer, DS DiTomaso, JM AF Renz, Mark J. Steinmaus, Scott J. Gilmer, David S. DiTomaso, Joseph M. TI Spread Dynamics of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in Two Seasonal Wetland Areas SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; riparian; spread dynamics; invasion; spatial spread; population growth ID TIDAL MARSHES; MANAGEMENT; GLYPHOSATE AB Perennial pepperweed is an invasive plant that is expanding rapidly in several plant communities in the western United States. In California, perennial pepperweed has aggressively invaded seasonal wetlands, resulting in degradation of habitat quality. We evaluated the rate and dynamics of population spread, assessed the effect of disturbance on spread, and determined the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the likelihood of invasion. The study was conducted at eight sites within two wetland regions of California. Results indicate that in undisturbed sites, spread was almost exclusively through vegetative expansion, and the average rate of spread was 0.85 m yr(-1) from the leading edge. Spread in sites that were disked was more than three times greater than in undisturbed sites. While smaller infestations increased at a faster rate compared with larger populations, larger infestations accumulated more newly infested areas than smaller infestations from year to year. Stem density was consistently higher in the center of the infestations, with about 2.4 times more stems per square meter compared with the leading edge at the perimeter of the population. The invasion by perennial pepperweed was positively correlated with increased water availability but was negatively correlated with the cover of perennial and annual species. Thus, high cover of resident vegetation can have a suppressive effect on the rate of invasion, even in wetland ecosystems. On the basis of these results, we recommend that resident plant cover not be disturbed, especially in wet areas adjacent to areas currently infested with perennial pepperweed. For infested areas, management efforts should be prioritized to focus on controlling satellite populations as well as the leading edge of larger infestations first. This strategy, could reduce the need for costly active restoration efforts by maximizing the probability of successful re-establishment of resident vegetation from the adjacent seedbank. C1 [Renz, Mark J.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Renz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mrenz@wisc.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex, and the California Department of Fish and Game for access to the Colusa National Wildlife Refuge and the Grizzly Island Wildlife Area, respectively. We also thank M. Miller, J. Takekawa, K. Phillips, and J. Yee for helpful suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was through the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00039.1 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917TC UT WOS:000302200500007 ER PT J AU Decker, KL Allen, CR Acosta, L Hellman, ML Jorgensen, CF Stutzman, RJ Unstad, KM Williams, A Yans, M AF Decker, Karie L. Allen, Craig R. Acosta, Leonardo Hellman, Michelle L. Jorgensen, Christopher F. Stutzman, Ryan J. Unstad, Kody M. Williams, Amy Yans, Matthew TI Land Use, Landscapes, and Biological Invasions SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasibility; invasive species; land-use type; nonnative species richness; nonnative species traits ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; ALIEN PLANTS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; NEW-ENGLAND; TRAITS; PATTERNS; GRASS AB The negative effect of invasive species on native species, communities, and ecosystems is widely recognized, and the economic effects in the United States are estimated to be billions of dollars annually. Studies often examine traits of nonnative species or examine what makes a particular habitat invasible. To better understand the factors governing invasions, we used the flora of Nebraska to characterize and compare native and nonnative plant occurrences throughout the state. In addition, we assessed four critical landscape predictors of nonnative plant richness: human population size and three land cover attributes that included percentage of grassland, percentage of agriculture, and percentage of public lands. Results indicated that individual plant species richness has increased by about 35% through invasions (primarily of annuals from the family Poaceae). In addition, human population density, percentage of agriculture, and percentage of public lands all show a positive association with nonnative plant richness. Successful plant invasions may change the composition of species communities, basic ecological functions, and the delivery of ecosystem services. Thus, identifying the factors that influence such variation in distribution patterns can be fundamental to recognizing the present and potential future extent of nonnative plant infestations and, in turn, developing appropriate management programs. C1 [Decker, Karie L.; Hellman, Michelle L.; Jorgensen, Christopher F.; Stutzman, Ryan J.; Unstad, Kody M.; Williams, Amy] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Decker, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kdecker4@unl.edu RI Allen, Craig/J-4464-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska, Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey; the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; the University of Nebraska, Lincoln; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey National Biological Information Infrastructure, Gap Analysis Program, and the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture for the use of land-cover data. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 48 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00007.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 917TC UT WOS:000302200500013 ER PT J AU Hyun, SY Reynolds, JH Galbreath, PF AF Hyun, Saang-Yoon Reynolds, Joel H. Galbreath, Peter F. TI Accounting for Tag Loss and Its Uncertainty in a Mark-Recapture Study with a Mixture of Single and Double Tags SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT; BIAS AB Unless accounted for in the estimation, tag loss will cause mark-recapture methods to overestimate the true abundance of a closed population and to underestimate the associated uncertainty. Current methods of accounting for tag loss require all marked individuals to be double-tagged. We present a new model that fully accounts for tag loss and allows for the use of a mixture of single-and double-tagged individuals, thus simplifying implementation in the field. Treating abundance, tag loss rate, and capture probabilities as free parameters, we estimated those parameters and their uncertainty by using maximum likelihood. Whereas existing methods assume that a double-tagged animal does not lose both tags, the new model allows the animal to lose both tags. The new model's performance was assessed and compared with that of other estimators (modified Petersen and Seber-Felton) via simulation. As expected, estimates from the new model were less biased and more precise than estimates from the other models. The model was used to estimate the abundance of the kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka population in the Metolius River, Oregon, during 2007. Abundance was estimated at 102,970 fish ((SE) over cap = 8,930), tag loss rate was estimated at 0.27 ((SE) over cap =0.05), the capture probability for the first sample (tagging) was 0.03 ((SE) over cap = 0.00), and the capture probability for the second sample (recovery) was 0.11 ((SE) over cap = 0.01). The new model uses all of the information from single-and double-tag data, provides unbiased abundance estimates in the presence of tag loss for a closed population, and has less-stringent field requirements that make it easier to employ than other methods. C1 [Hyun, Saang-Yoon] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Reynolds, Joel H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Galbreath, Peter F.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Hyun, SY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM shyun@umassd.edu RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011 OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501 FU Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund Project [2007-5-O2]; School for Marine Science and Technology at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth FX We acknowledge the cooperation of Jens Lovtang (Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon), Megan Hill (Portland General Electric), and Brett Hodgson and Richard Stocking (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), who shared data. We are also grateful to Jon Schnute (Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada) for assistance with ADMB and PBSadmb. Our model (MRmix) is available at www.smast.umassd.edu/qfm and as a web-based version at www.critfc.org/mrmix. Rebecca Buchanan (University of Washington) and anonymous referees provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Funding from the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund Project entitled "Enumeration of Kokanee Salmon Escapement into the Metolius River" (Project Number 2007-5-O2) supported P. F. G. Start-up research funding for S.-Y.H. was provided by the School for Marine Science and Technology at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.639263 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500002 ER PT J AU Anderson, GB Freeman, MC Hagler, MM Freeman, BJ AF Anderson, Gregory B. Freeman, Mary C. Hagler, Megan M. Freeman, Byron J. TI Occupancy Modeling and Estimation of the Holiday Darter Species Complex within the Etowah River System SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY AB Documenting the status of rare fishes is a crucial step in effectively managing populations and implementing regulatory mechanisms of protection. In recent years, site occupancy has become an increasingly popular metric for assessing populations, but species distribution models that do not account for imperfect detection can underestimate the proportion of sites occupied and the strength of the relationship with a hypothesized covariate. However, valid detection requires temporal or spatial replication, which is often not feasible due to logistical or budget constraints. In this study, we used a method that allowed for spatial replication during a single visit to evaluate the current status of the holiday darter species complex, Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum, within the Etowah River system. Moreover, the modeling approach used in this study facilitated comparisons of factors influencing stream occupancy as well as species detection within sites. The results suggest that there is less habitat available for the Etowah holiday darter form (Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum B) than for the Amicalola holiday darter form (Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum A). Additionally, occupancy models suggest that even small decreases in forest cover within these headwater systems adversely affect holiday darter populations. C1 [Anderson, Gregory B.; Hagler, Megan M.; Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Anderson, GB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, 140 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM grega@uga.edu FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX We would like to thank Brett Albanese and Jim Peterson for providing invaluable insight on project design and analysis. Additionally, Seth Wenger was extremely helpful in evaluating the analysis used in this study. Members of the laboratory of Byron Freeman of the Odum School of Ecology, especially Christina Baker, Nicole Pontzer, and Amanda Neese, were essential in both the field and the lab. Funding was provided by grants provided to Byron J. Freeman from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.644193 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500004 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Sweka, JA Peterson, DL AF Moyer, G. R. Sweka, J. A. Peterson, D. L. TI Past and Present Processes Influencing Genetic Diversity and Effective Population Size in a Natural Population of Atlantic Sturgeon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HUDSON RIVER; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALTAMAHA RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; LIFE-HISTORY AB Threats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and overexploitation cause species extinctions; however, stochastic processes can accelerate extinction rates as census sizes decline. Using molecular and ecological data, we explored the influence of these processes on the demography of a candidate species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act-the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus. We used molecular microsatellite markers to estimate the effective population size (N-e) and effective number of breeders (N-b) and we used mark-recapture data to estimate the number of spawners (N-a) for Atlantic sturgeon of the Altamaha River, Georgia. We found that estimates of N-b were 7-45% less than the estimated N-a over four consecutive cohorts and that skewed sex ratios could explain the relative decrease of N-b to N-a. Our estimate of contemporary N-e was 125 (95% confidence interval = 75-348) and was at least an order of magnitude less than our estimate of historical N-e. To explain the large discrepancy between these estimates, we tested several alternative evolutionary scenarios that might explain the observed pattern of genetic diversity. Our results indicated that the observed genetic data were indeed best explained (i.e., 0.998 posterior probability of the data given the hypothesis) by overexploitation during the last half of the 20th century. C1 [Moyer, G. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31820 USA. [Sweka, J. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Peterson, D. L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 5151 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31820 USA. EM greg_moyer@fws.gov NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.651073 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500006 ER PT J AU Ivasauskas, TJ Bettoli, PW Holt, T AF Ivasauskas, Tomas J. Bettoli, Phillip W. Holt, Thomas TI Effects of Suture Material and Ultrasonic Transmitter Size on Survival, Growth, Wound Healing, and Tag Expulsion in Rainbow Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SURGICAL IMPLANTATION; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; FISH; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; SURGEON AB We examined the effects of suture material (braided silk versus Monocryl) and relative ultrasonic transmitter size on healing, growth, mortality, and tag retention in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, 40 fish (205-281 mm total length [TL], 106-264 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT-96-2 (23 x 7 mm; weight in air, 4.4 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) or IBT 96-2E (30 x 7 mm; weight in air, 4.9 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) ultrasonic telemetry tags. In experiment 2, 20 larger fish (342-405 mm TL; 520-844 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT-96-5 ultrasonic tags (36 x 11 mm; weight in air, 9.1 g; weight in water, 4.1 g). The tag burdens for all implanted fish ranged from 1.1% to 3.4%, and fish in both studies were held at 10-15 degrees C. At the conclusion of both experiments (65 d after surgery), no mortalities were observed in any of the 60 tagged fish, most incisions were completely healed, and all fish in both experiments grew in length, although tagged fish grew more slowly than control fish in experiment 1. In both experiments, fish sutured with silk expelled tags more frequently than those sutured with Monocryl. Expulsion was observed in 45-50% of the fish sutured with silk and 0-25% of the fish sutured with Monocryl. Tag expulsion was not observed until 25-35 d after surgery. Fish sutured with silk exhibited a more severe inflammatory response 3 weeks after surgery than those sutured with Monocryl. In experiment 1, the rate of expulsion was linked to the severity of inflammation. Although braided silk sutures were applied faster than Moncryl sutures in both experiments, knots tied with either material were equally reliable and fish sutured with Monocryl experienced less inflammation and lower rates of tag expulsion. C1 [Ivasauskas, Tomas J.; Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. [Holt, Thomas] Anim Med Clin, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. RP Ivasauskas, TJ (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, 1100 N Dixie Ave,205 Pennebaker Hall, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. EM tivasauskas@tntech.edu FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit FX Funding for this research was provided by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University, and the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. This manuscript benefited from constructive comments on an earlier draft by J. M. Redding, T. H. Roberts, R. S. Brown, and K. Hoffman. Many thanks are extended to T. Campbell and the staff at Dale Hollow National Fish Hatchery and S. Surgenor at Flintville State Fish Hatchery. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.651553 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500010 ER PT J AU Haeseker, SL McCann, JA Tuomikoski, J Chockley, B AF Haeseker, Steven L. McCann, Jerry A. Tuomikoski, Jack Chockley, Brandon TI Assessing Freshwater and Marine Environmental Influences on Life-Stage-Specific Survival Rates of Snake River Spring-Summer Chinook Salmon and Steelhead SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; COLUMBIA RIVERS; DELAYED MORTALITY; OCEAN CONDITIONS; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; MARKED ANIMALS; TRAVEL-TIME; STREAM AB Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. from the Snake River basin experience a wide range of environmental conditions during their freshwater, estuarine, and marine residence, which in turn influence their survival rates at each life stage. In addition, researchers have found that juvenile out-migration conditions can influence subsequent survival during estuarine and marine residence, a concept known as the hydrosystem-related, delayed-mortality hypothesis. In this analysis, we calculated seasonal, life-stage-specific survival rate estimates for Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss and conducted multiple-regression analyses to identify the freshwater and marine environmental factors associated with survival at each life stage. We also conducted correlation analyses to test the hydrosystem-related, delayed-mortality hypothesis. We found that the freshwater variables we examined (the percentage of river flow spilled over out-migration dams and water transit time) were important for characterizing the variation in survival rates not only during freshwater out-migration but also during estuarine and marine residence. Of the marine factors examined, we found that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index was the most important variable for characterizing the variation in the marine and cumulative smolt-to-adult survival rates of both species. In support of the hydrosystem-related, delayed-mortality hypothesis, we found that freshwater and marine survival rates were correlated, indicating that a portion of the mortality expressed after leaving the hydrosystem is related to processes affected by downstream migration conditions. Our results indicate that improvements in life-stage-specific and smolt-to-adult survival may be achievable across a range of marine conditions through increasing spill percentages and reducing water transit times during juvenile salmon out-migration. C1 [Haeseker, Steven L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fishery Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [McCann, Jerry A.; Tuomikoski, Jack; Chockley, Brandon] Fish Passage Ctr, Portland, OR 97213 USA. RP Haeseker, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fishery Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM steve_haeseker@fws.gov NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.652009 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500013 ER PT J AU Walters, CJ van Poorten, BT Coggins, LG AF Walters, Carl J. van Poorten, Brett T. Coggins, Lewis G. TI Bioenergetics and Population Dynamics of Flannelmouth Sucker and Bluehead Sucker in Grand Canyon as Evidenced by Tag Recapture Observations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLORADO RIVER; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; MODEL; FISH; AGE AB Flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnus and bluehead suckers C. discolobus in the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River are among the few native species to persist after river conditions changed with the completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. To evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive management manipulations to the system for recovering native species, it is necessary to estimate basic demographic and population dynamic parameters for the species of interest, such as growth, mortality, and recruitment. With this in mind, we present a two-stage analysis in which we first estimated growth and individual ages using a field-based bioenergetics model and then input the age estimates into age-structured mark-recapture (ASMR) models to estimate mortality and recruitment. The analysis was based on 18,500 flannelmouth suckers and 13,975 bluehead suckers that had been tagged with passive integrated transponder tags in the main-stem Colorado River in Grand Canyon and its tributaries since 1989. The bioenergetics estimates of growth suggest that the growth of flannelmouth suckers is faster and that of bluehead suckers slower than in the tributaries reported in other studies. The results from the bioenergetics model provide necessary parameters for input into future ecosystem models. The ASMR models that include the effects of age-specific gear vulnerability indicate that annual natural mortality rates are about 0.2 for flannelmouth suckers and 0.4 for bluehead suckers, which is in agreement with independent estimates from growth parameters and longevity. The estimates of age-1 sucker recruitment and adult abundance correspond well with independent electrofishing catch rate data. The estimated recruitment and abundance estimates provide insights into the efficacy of adaptive management actions targeted to benefit native fishes over the past two decades. C1 [Walters, Carl J.; van Poorten, Brett T.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Coggins, Lewis G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Walters, CJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC); GCMRC FX Financial support for the study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC). We especially thank Ted Melis of GCMRC for support of the work and Scott Rogers of Arizona Game and Fish Department for sharing his assessments of fish distributions and abundances based on electrofishing data. Many helpful comments were provided by reviewers, the associate editor, and the editor. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 158 EP 173 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.654891 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500016 ER PT J AU Wathen, G Zydlewski, J Coghlan, SM Trial, JG AF Wathen, Gus Zydlewski, Joseph Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Trial, Joan G. TI Effects of Smallmouth Bass on Atlantic Salmon Habitat Use and Diel Movements in an Artificial Stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; BROWN TROUT; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE; FEEDING-ACTIVITY; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Invasive smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu have been introduced to some of the last remaining watersheds that contain wild anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, yet little is known about the interactions between these species. We used an artificial stream equipped with passive integrated transponder tag antenna arrays to monitor habitat use and movements of age-0 Atlantic salmon and age-0 smallmouth bass in sympatry and allopatry. We used additive and substitutive designs to test for changes in habitat use, diel movements, and diel activity patterns of prior-resident Atlantic salmon or smallmouth bass resulting from the addition of conspecifics or heterospecifics. Atlantic salmon prior residents did not change their habitat use in the presence of conspecific or heterospecific invaders. However, Atlantic salmon invaders did lessen riffle habitat use by smallmouth bass prior residents during daytime. Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass displayed different diel activity patterns of movement (Atlantic salmon were more nocturnal; smallmouth bass were more diurnal), which were affected by heterospecific introductions. Because the two species tended to favor different habitat types and displayed different diel activity patterns, we suggest that under the conditions tested, the level of interspecific competition for habitat was low. Age-0 Atlantic salmon and smallmouth bass may be able to avoid intense interspecific competition through spatial and temporal habitat partitioning. These data do not, however, predict the potential for competition under different seasonal or ontogenetic circumstances. C1 [Wathen, Gus; Zydlewski, Joseph; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Trial, Joan G.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usga.gov FU University of Maine; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station; U.S. Geological Survey; Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Outdoor Heritage Fund; Maine Department of Marine Resources FX We thank Wes Ashe, James Osenton, Scott Ouellette, Megan Patridge, Janice Hubner, and Silas Ratten for their assistance in the laboratory. We are also grateful to Dimitry Gorsky for his help data organization and analysis. We thank Paul Santavy, Scott Craig, and staff at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery for providing Atlantic salmon fry and logistical support. This project benefited from the logistical and professional support of Neil Greenburg and Douglas Reed (University of Maine) and Peter Ruksznis (Maine Department of Marine Resources). We thank Jeff Johnson and Pat Connolly for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript and Fred Utter and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable suggestions that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the University of Maine, the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Outdoor Heritage Fund, and the Maine Department of Marine Resources. This paper is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3166. All experimental fish were handled in accordance with Protocol A2005-08-01, which was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Maine. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.655116 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500017 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Madenjian, CP Rogers, MW Holuszko, JD Begnoche, LJ AF Bunnell, David B. Madenjian, Charles P. Rogers, Mark W. Holuszko, Jeffrey D. Begnoche, Linda J. TI Exploring Mechanisms Underlying Sex-Specific Differences in Mortality of Lake Michigan Bloaters SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COREGONUS-HOYI; SIZE DIMORPHISM; GROWTH DYNAMICS; SALMON; RATIO; CONSEQUENCES; MATURATION; SURVIVAL AB Sex-specific differences in mortality rates have been observed among freshwater and marine fish taxa, and underlying mechanisms can include sex-specific differences in (1) age at maturity, (2) growth rate, or (3) activity or behavior during the spawning period. We used a long-term (1973-2009) Lake Michigan data set to evaluate whether there were sex-specific differences in catch per unit effort, mortality, age at maturity, and length at age in bloaters Coregonus hoyi. Because bloater population biomass varied 200-fold during the years analyzed, we divided the data into three periods: (1) 1973-1982 (low biomass), (2) 1983-1997 (high biomass), and (3) 1998-2009 (low biomass). Mortality was higher for males than for females in periods 2 and 3; the average instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) over these two periods was 0.71 for males and 0.57 for females. Length at age was slightly greater (2-6%) for females than for males in different age-classes (3-6 years) during each period. Age at maturity was earlier for males than for females in periods 1 and 2, but the mean difference was only 0.2-0.4 years. To test the hypothesis that somatic lipids declined more in males than in females during spawning (perhaps due to increased activity or reduced feeding), we estimated sex-specific percent somatic lipids for fish sampled in 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. During 2005-2006, somatic lipids declined from prespawning to postspawning for males but were unchanged for females. During 2007-2008, however, somatic lipids were unchanged formales, whereas they increased for females. We found that sex-specific differences in Z occurred in the Lake Michigan bloater population, but our hypotheses that sex-specific differences in maturity and growth could explain this pattern were generally unsupported. Our hypothesis that somatic lipids in males declined during spawning at a faster rate than in females will require additional research to clarify its importance. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Rogers, Mark W.; Holuszko, Jeffrey D.; Begnoche, Linda J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.655124 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500020 ER PT J AU Daily, JP Hitt, NP Smith, DR Snyder, CD AF Daily, Jonathan P. Hitt, Nathaniel P. Smith, David R. Snyder, Craig D. TI Experimental and environmental factors affect spurious detection of ecological thresholds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological thresholds; nonparametric change point analysis; piecewise quantile regression; SiZer; stream benthic macroinvertebrates; type I error ID QUANTILE REGRESSION; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; STABLE STATES; REGIME SHIFTS; GRADIENTS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; CRITERIA; STREAMS AB Threshold detection methods are increasingly popular for assessing nonlinear responses to environmental change, but their statistical performance remains poorly understood. We simulated linear change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities and evaluated the performance of commonly used threshold detection methods based on model fitting (piecewise quantile regression [PQR]), data partitioning (nonparametric change point analysis [NCPA]), and a hybrid approach (significant zero crossings [SiZer]). We demonstrated that false detection of ecological thresholds (type I errors) and inferences on threshold locations are influenced by sample size, rate of linear change, and frequency of observations across the environmental gradient (i.e., sample-environment distribution, SED). However, the relative importance of these factors varied among statistical methods and between inference types. False detection rates were influenced primarily by user-selected parameters for PQR (tau) and SiZer (bandwidth) and secondarily by sample size (for PQR) and SED (for SiZer). In contrast, the location of reported thresholds was influenced primarily by SED. Bootstrapped confidence intervals for NCPA threshold locations revealed strong correspondence to SED. We conclude that the choice of statistical methods for threshold detection should be matched to experimental and environmental constraints to minimize false detection rates and avoid spurious inferences regarding threshold location. C1 [Daily, Jonathan P.; Hitt, Nathaniel P.; Smith, David R.; Snyder, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Daily, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jdaily@usgs.gov FU USGS FX Funding for this work was provided by USGS National Park Monitoring Project, Status and Trends of Biological Resources (S&T) Program. We thank P. Geissler for assistance with the development of the manuscript. We thank B. Cade, D. Sonderegger, and R. King for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915AU UT WOS:000301996100004 PM 22486082 ER PT J AU McElroy, B DeLonay, A Jacobson, R AF McElroy, Brandon DeLonay, Aaron Jacobson, Robert TI Optimum swimming pathways of fish spawning migrations in rivers SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energetics; energy expenditures; least cost; least-cost migratory pathways; fluvial velocity fields; migration; Missouri River, USA; pallid sturgeon; Scaphirynchus albus; spawning migration ID MIGRATORY COSTS; SALMON; FLOW; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB Fishes that swim upstream in rivers to spawn must navigate complex fluvial velocity fields to arrive at their ultimate locations. One hypothesis with substantial implications is that fish traverse pathways that minimize their energy expenditure during migration. Here we present the methodological and theoretical developments necessary to test this and similar hypotheses. First, a cost function is derived for upstream migration that relates work done by a fish to swimming drag. The energetic cost scales with the cube of a fish's relative velocity integrated along its path. By normalizing to the energy requirements of holding a position in the slowest waters at the path's origin, a cost function is derived that depends only on the physical environment and not on specifics of individual fish. Then, as an example, we demonstrate the analysis of a migration pathway of a telemetrically tracked pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Missouri River (USA). The actual pathway cost is lower than 10(5) random paths through the surveyed reach and is consistent with the optimization hypothesis. The implication-subject to more extensive validation-is that reproductive success in managed rivers could be increased through manipulation of reservoir releases or channel morphology to increase abundance of lower-cost migration pathways. C1 [McElroy, Brandon; DeLonay, Aaron; Jacobson, Robert] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP McElroy, B (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Dept 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM bmcelroy@uwyo.edu RI McElroy, Brandon/E-9391-2010; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI McElroy, Brandon/0000-0002-9683-4282; Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army FX This work is partly funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program. Many thanks to the entire field crew for their dedicated work during the telemetry effort, to David Galat and Tim Counihan for early reviews and suggestions, and to two anonymous reviewers. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915AU UT WOS:000301996100006 PM 22486084 ER PT J AU Auch, RF Napton, DE Kambly, S Moreland, TR Sayler, KL AF Auch, Roger F. Napton, Darrell E. Kambly, Steven Moreland, Thomas R., Jr. Sayler, Kristi L. TI THE DRIVING FORCES OF LAND CHANGE IN THE NORTHERN PIEDMONT OF THE UNITED STATES SO GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE driving forces; ecoregions; land-use change; Northern Piedmont; urbanization ID POPULATION-GROWTH; MONTGOMERY COUNTY; FOREST TRANSITION; USE DYNAMICS; AGRICULTURE; COVER; URBANIZATION; PRESERVATION; MEGALOPOLIS; MANAGEMENT AB Driving forces facilitate or inhibit land-use / land-cover change. Human driving forces include political, economic, cultural, and social attributes that often change across time and space. Remotely sensed imagery provides regional land-change data for the Northern Piedmont, an ecoregion of the United States that continued to urbanize after 1970 through conversion of agricultural and forest land covers to developed uses. Eight major driving forces facilitated most of the land conversion; other drivers inhibited or slowed change. A synergistic web of drivers may be more important in understanding land change than individual drivers by themselves. C1 [Auch, Roger F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observat Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Napton, Darrell E.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kambly, Steven; Moreland, Thomas R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sayler, Kristi L.] EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Auch, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observat Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM auch@usgs.gov; darrell.napton@sdstate.edu; kambly@usgs.gov; tmorelan@usgs.gov; sayler@usgs.gov OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044 NR 86 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-7428 J9 GEOGR REV JI Geogr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 102 IS 1 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2012.00130.x PG 23 WC Geography SC Geography GA 901AF UT WOS:000300933400004 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Thomsen, MS Schwarzschild, A AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Thomsen, Mads Solgaard Schwarzschild, Arthur TI Flat-plate techniques for measuring reflectance of macro-algae (Ulva curvata) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; COASTAL WATERS; LEAVES; FIELD AB We tested the consistency and accuracy of flat-plate spectral measurements (400-1000 nm) of the marine macrophyte Ulva curvata. With sequential addition of Ulva thallus layers, the reflectance progressively increased from 6% to 9% with six thalli in the visible (VIS) and from 5% to 19% with ten thalli in the near infrared (NIR). This progressive increase was simulated by a mathematical calculation based on an Ulva thallus diffuse reflectance weighted by a transmittance power series. Experimental and simulated reflectance differences that were particularly high in the NIR most likely resulted from residual water and layering structure unevenness in the experimental progression. High spectral overlap existed between fouled and non-fouled Ulva mats and the coexistent lagoon mud in the VIS, whereas in the NIR, spectral contrast was retained but substantially dampened by fouling. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Thomsen, Mads Solgaard] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Fac Comp Hlth & Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Management, Perth, WA, Australia. [Thomsen, Mads Solgaard] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Marine Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Schwarzschild, Arthur] Univ Virginia, Anheuser Busch Coastal Res Ctr, Cheriton, VA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey's National Wetlands Research Center; Naval Research Laboratory, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Remote Sensing Division, Washington, DC, USA FX Funding for this study was granted through the US Geological Survey's National Wetlands Research Center and Dr Charles Bachmann of the Naval Research Laboratory, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Remote Sensing Division, Washington, DC, USA. Research was conducted at the Anheuser-Busch Coastal Research Center, Oyster, VA, USA. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 10 BP 3147 EP 3155 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.633124 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917HJ UT WOS:000302163200008 ER PT J AU Battley, PF Warnock, N Tibbitts, TL Gill, RE Piersma, T Hassell, CJ Douglas, DC Mulcahy, DM Gartrell, BD Schuckard, R Melville, DS Riegen, AC AF Battley, Phil F. Warnock, Nils Tibbitts, T. Lee Gill, Robert E., Jr. Piersma, Theunis Hassell, Chris J. Douglas, David C. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Gartrell, Brett D. Schuckard, Rob Melville, David S. Riegen, Adrian C. TI Contrasting extreme long-distance migration patterns in bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLIGHT RANGES; RED KNOTS; SHOREBIRDS; MIGRANTS; ALASKA; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; BEHAVIOR AB Migrating birds make the longest non-stop endurance flights in the animal kingdom. Satellite technology is now providing direct evidence on the lengths and durations of these flights and associated staging episodes for individual birds. Using this technology, we compared the migration performance of two subspecies of bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica travelling between non-breeding grounds in New Zealand (subspecies baueri) and northwest Australia (subspecies menzbieri) and breeding grounds in Alaska and eastern Russia, respectively. Individuals of both subspecies made long, usually non-stop, flights from non-breeding grounds to coastal staging grounds in the Yellow Sea region of East Asia (average 10 060 +/- SD 290 km for baueri and 5860 +/- 240 km for menzbieri). After an average stay of 41.2 +/- 4.8 d, baueri flew over the North Pacific Ocean before heading northeast to the Alaskan breeding grounds (6770 +/- 800 km). Menzbieri staged for 38.4 +/- 2.5 d, and flew over land and sea northeast to high arctic Russia (4170 +/- 370 km). The post-breeding journey for baueri involved several weeks of staging in southwest Alaska followed by non-stop flights across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand (11 690 km in a complete track) or stopovers on islands in the southwestern Pacific en route to New Zealand and eastern Australia. By contrast, menzbieri returned to Australia via stopovers in the New Siberian Islands, Russia, and back at the Yellow Sea; birds travelled on average 4510 +/- 360 km from Russia to the Yellow Sea, staged there for 40.8 +/- 5.6 d, and then flew another 56807180 km to Australia (10 820 +/- 300 km in total). Overall, the entire migration of the single baueri godwit with a fully completed return track totalled 29 280 km and involved 20 d of major migratory flight over a round-trip journey of 174 d. The entire migrations of menzbieri averaged 21 940 +/- 570 km, including 14 d of major migratory flights out of 154 d total. Godwits of both populations exhibit extreme flight performance, and baueri makes the longest (southbound) and second-longest (northbound) non-stop migratory flights documented for any bird. Both subspecies essentially make single stops when moving between non-breeding and breeding sites in opposite hemispheres. This reinforces the critical importance of the intertidal habitats used by fuelling godwits in Australasia, the Yellow Sea, and Alaska. C1 [Battley, Phil F.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Tibbitts, T. Lee; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evol Stud, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Hassell, Chris J.] Global Flyway Network, Broome, WA 6725, Australia. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Gartrell, Brett D.] Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Melville, David S.] Dovedale, Wakefield 7096, Nelson, New Zealand. RP Battley, PF (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. EM p.battley@massey.ac.nz RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; David Seay; BirdLife Netherlands; Global Flyway Network FX This work was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and David Seay. We thank BirdLife Netherlands for supporting CJH's shorebird research at Roebuck Bay and along the flyway through the Global Flyway Network. Birds were caught and banded under permits from the New Zealand Dept of Conservation, Auckland Univ., Massey Univ. and the US Geological Survey's Alaska Science Center. Thanks to Jesse Conklin, Tony Habraken, Keith Woodley, Noah Warnock, Pavel Tomkovich, Maks Dementyev, Adrian Boyle, Petra de Goeij, Grant Pearson, Maurice O'Connor, Helen MacArthur, Brian McCaffery, Ted Swem, Sarah Lovibond, Stan Hermens, and Dan Ruthrauff for help catching birds, and to Dan Ruthrauff, Jesse Conklin, Gudmundur Gudmundsson and Guy Morrison for commenting on the manuscript. Procedures for capture and attachment of transmitters used in this study are detailed in Inst. Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines of the Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any institutional affiliation of the authors. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05473.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 911HK UT WOS:000301707700006 ER PT J AU Medalie, L Hirsch, RM Archfield, SA AF Medalie, Laura Hirsch, Robert M. Archfield, Stacey A. TI Use of flow-normalization to evaluate nutrient concentration and flux changes in Lake Champlain tributaries, 1990-2009 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Long-term trends; Flow-normalized trends; Lake Champlain ID WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; TRENDS; PHOSPHORUS; RIVER; TIME; DISCHARGE; POLLUTION; POLICY AB The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated 20 years of total phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (N) concentration data for 18 Lake Champlain tributaries using a new statistical method based on weighted regressions to estimate daily concentration and flux histories based on discharge, season, and trend as explanatory variables. The use of all the streamflow discharge values for a given date in the record, in a process called "flow-normalization", removed the year-to-year variation due to streamflow and generated a smooth time series from which trends were calculated. This approach to data analysis can be of great value to evaluations of the success of restoration efforts because it filters out the large random fluctuations in the flux that are due to the temporal variability in streamflow. Results for the full 20 years of record showed a mixture of upward and downward trends for concentrations and yields of P and N. When the record was broken into two 10-year periods, for many tributaries, the more recent period showed a reversal in N from upward to downward trends and a similar reversal or reduction in magnitude of upward trends for P. Some measures of P and N concentrations and yields appear to be related to intensity of agricultural activities, point-source loads of P, or population density. Total flow-normalized P flux aggregated from the monitored tributaries showed a decrease of 30 metric tons per year from 1991 to 2009, which is about 15% of the targeted reduction established by the operational management plan for the Lake Champlain Basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Medalie, Laura] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Archfield, Stacey A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Medalie, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM lmedalie@usgs.gov; rhirsch@usgs.gov; sarch@usgs.gov OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X FU USGS FX The authors would like to thank Eric Smeltzer, Peter Stangel, Angela Shambaugh, and Catherine Eliopoulos of the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation and Fred Dunlop and Joe Racette of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for sample collection and data stewardship. Additional tribute is due to Daniel McAvinney and Christine Russo at The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation LaRosa Laboratory for laboratory analysis. Thanks to David Mueller and Ken Toppin of the USGS for providing valuable review comments. Financial support for all other aspects of this project was provided by the USGS. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000006 ER PT J AU Manley, PL Manley, TO Hayo, K Cronin, T AF Manley, Patricia L. Manley, T. O. Hayo, Kathryn Cronin, Thomas TI Small-scale lacustrine drifts in Lake Champlain, Vermont SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lacustrine; Sediment drift; Lake Champlain; Physical limnology; Sediment properties; Seismic acoustics ID CONTOURITE DRIFTS; SEA AB High resolution CHIRP (Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse) seismic profiles reveal the presence of two lacustrine sediment drifts located in Lake Champlain's Juniper Deep. Both drifts are positive features composed of highly laminated sediments. Drift B sits on a basement high while Drift A is built on a trough-filling acoustically-transparent sediment unit inferred to be a mass-transport event. These drifts are oriented approximately north-south and are parallel to a steep ridge along the eastern shore of the basin. Drift A, located at the bottom of a structural trough, is classified as a confined, elongate drift that transitions northward to become a system of upslope asymmetric mudwaves. Drift B is perched atop a structural high to the west of Drift A and is classified as a detached elongate drift. Bottom current depositional control was investigated using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) located across Drift A. Sediment cores were taken at the crest and at the edges of the Drift A and were dated. Drift source, deposition, and evolution show that these drifts are formed by a water column shear with the highest deposition occurring along its crest and western flank and began developing circa 8700-8800 year BP. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manley, Patricia L.; Manley, T. O.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Hayo, Kathryn] Univ Colorado, INSTARR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cronin, Thomas] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Manley, PL (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM manley@middlebury.edu; tmanley@middlebury.edu; Kathryn.Hayo@Colorado.EDU; tcronin@usgs.gov FU USGS; Middlebury College; UCRF; NOAA FX The paper benefited from reviews from Melissa Berke and an anonymous reviewer. We thank Captain Richard Furbush and 1st mate Mark Eisenhower of the R/V Melosira for assistance in mooring deployment, recovery and coring. Tara Taylor-Ide participated in the initial CHIRP survey and Emily Dawson assisted with core processing and grain size determinations. Richard Bopp of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute provided the 210Pb and 137Cs determinations and the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) at WHO! did the carbon dating. Modeling and visual display of several images were created using Dynamic Graphics, Inc. earthVision software. This work was funded in part by USGS Reston office, Middlebury College senior work and UCRF funds and NOAA appropriations to Lake Champlain. The use of brand, firm, or trade names is for descriptive purposes only and implies no endorsement by the U. S. government or its agencies. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 88 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000009 ER PT J AU Howe, EA Marsden, JE Donovan, TM Lamberson, RH AF Howe, Eric A. Marsden, J. Ellen Donovan, Therese M. Lamberson, Roland H. TI A life cycle approach to modeling sea lamprey population dynamics in the Lake Champlain basin to evaluate alternative control strategies SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; Population dynamics; Lake Champlain; Density dependence; Fishery management; Matrix modeling ID GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; LETHAL CONTROL; MATRIX MODELS; GROWTH-RATE; MANAGEMENT; LARVAL; CONSERVATION; FECUNDITY AB Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a nuisance species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Champlain that has devastated native fish populations and hampered sport fisheries development. We developed a modified stage-based life history matrix for sea lamprey to analyze the effects of various management efforts to suppress sea lamprey population growth in Lake Champlain. These efforts targeted different life stages of the sea lamprey life cycle. A beta distribution was used to distribute stochastic larval populations among twenty sea lamprey-bearing tributaries and five deltas to Lake Champlain, from which sea lamprey that survive through larval metamorphosis were then pooled into a lake-wide parasitic-phase population. Parasiticphase survival to the spawning stage was evaluated based on proximity to the natal tributary and on the size of the resident larval population in each tributary. Potential control strategies were modeled at egg to emergence, larval, and spawning stages to reduce vital rates at each stage, with the goal of suppressing parasiticphase production. Simulations indicate that control of the larval stage was essential to achieving this goal, and with supplemental effort to reduce the vital rates at early life stages and at the spawning stage, the parasitic-phase population can be further suppressed. Sensitivity simulations indicate that the life history model was sensitive to egg deposition rate, abundance of parasitic-phase sea lamprey from unknown, uncontrolled sources, and the method in which parasitic-phase sea lamprey select tributaries for spawning. Results from this model can guide management agencies to optimize future management programs. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Howe, Eric A.; Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Lamberson, Roland H.] Humboldt Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Howe, EA (reprint author), Lake Champlain Basin Program, 54 W Shore Rd, Grand Isle, VT 05458 USA. EM ehowe@lcbp.org; Ellen.Marsden@uvm.edu; Therese.Donovan@uvm.edu; rhl1@humboldt.edu FU Lake Champlain Sea Grant; Lake Champlain Basin Program FX We thank Lake Champlain Sea Grant and the Lake Champlain Basin Program for funding this project. We thank representatives from the following agencies and organizations for their support and insight into the development and parameterization for this project: the US Fish and Wildlife Service, VT Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation, and The Nature Conservancy. Stephen Smith, Wayne Bouffard, Jan Janecka, Craig Martin, and Dr. Timothy Tear provided invaluable support for this project. We thank Drs. William Ardren, Charles Goodnight, Donna Parrish and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of early drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade-names in this article does not confer government endorsement. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000010 ER PT J AU Simonin, PW Parrish, DL Rudstam, LG Sullivan, PJ Pientka, B AF Simonin, Paul W. Parrish, Donna L. Rudstam, Lars G. Sullivan, Patrick J. Pientka, Bernard TI Native rainbow smelt and nonnative alewife distribution related to temperature and light gradients in Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Distribution; Habitat; Temperature; Light; Rainbow smelt; Alewife ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS; ADDITIVE MIXED MODELS; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; OSMERUS-MORDAX; HABITAT SELECTION; FISH COMMUNITIES; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) recently became established in Lake Champlain and may compete with native rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) for food or consume larval rainbow smelt. The strength of this effect depends partly on the spatial and temporal overlap of different age groups of the two species; therefore, we need a better understanding of factors affecting alewife and rainbow smelt distributions in Lake Champlain. We used hydroacoustics, trawls, and gill nets to document vertical fish distribution, and recorded environmental data during 16 day-night surveys over two years. Temperature, temperature change, and light were all predictors of adult and age-0 rainbow smelt distribution, and temperature and light were predictors of age-0 alewives' distribution (based on GAMM models evaluated with AIC). Adult alewives were 5-30 m shallower and age-0 alewives were 2-15 m shallower than their rainbow smelt counterparts. Adult rainbow smelt distribution overlapped with age-0 rainbow smelt and age-0 alewives near the thermocline (10-25 m), whereas adult alewives were shallower (0-6 m) and overlapped with age-0 alewives and rainbow smelt in the epilimnion. Adult rainbow smelt were in water <10-12 degrees C, whereas age-0 rainbow smelt were in 10-20 degrees C, and adult and age-0 alewives were in 15-22 degrees C water. Predicting these species distributions is necessary for quantifying the strength of predatory and competitive interactions between alewife and rainbow smelt, as well as between alewife and other fish species in Lake Champlain. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Pientka, Bernard] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Essex Jct, VT 05402 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Simonin, PW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pws@cornell.edu; dparrish@uvm.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; pws44@cornell.edu; Bernie.Pientka@state.vt.us FU National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA16RG2206]; U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont and the Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank: Dave Gibson, Richard Balouskus, Kiley Briggs, Isaac Chellman, Nick Staats, Howard Simonin, Mike Harrington, and several Vermont Fish & Wildlife technicians for field and lab assistance; Brent Boscarino, Ryan Butryn, Roland Wang, and Jim Watkins for help in the lab and with analyses. Ellen Marsden and Nick Gotelli provided helpful advice and comments throughout fieldwork and writing stages. This work was sponsored in part by a grant from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, to Lake Champlain Sea Grant under grant number NA16RG2206. Vermont Fish and Wildlife provided in-kind support. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Mention of brand names does not constitute product endorsement by the U.S. federal government. This is publication number LCSG-00-00-11 and number xxx from the Cornell Biological Field Station. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000011 ER PT J AU Duerr, AE Capen, DE Donovan, TM AF Duerr, Adam E. Capen, David E. Donovan, Therese M. TI Energetic considerations for managing double-crested cormorants on Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Activity budgets; Energetics model; Double-crested cormorant; Lake Champlain; New York; Vermont ID PHALACROCORAX-CARBO-CARBO; DAILY ACTIVITY BUDGETS; GREAT CORMORANTS; YELLOW PERCH; EASTERN BASIN; ONEIDA LAKE; AURITUS; PREDATION; ANHINGAS; BEHAVIOR AB We studied foraging distribution, activity budgets, fish consumption, and energetics of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at two breeding colonies on Lake Champlain. Our objective was to determine if fish consumption and distribution of predation changed with movements of cormorants associated with efforts to reduce numbers of cormorants on one of the colonies. Wildlife managers reduced populations of cormorants on Young Island, Vermont by oiling their eggs, which resulted in dispersal of breeding cormorants 35 km south to Four Brothers Islands, New York. We found that as cormorants shifted from Young Island to the colony on Four Brothers Islands, energy demands, foraging distribution, and total fish consumption increased. Birds on Four Brothers Islands foraged a greater distance from the colony compared to birds on Young Island. Additionally, consumption of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) shifted to rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) when more birds bred on Four Brothers Islands. The dispersal of cormorants from Young Island to Four Brothers Islands reduced predation on yellow perch but increased overall fish consumption. Our estimates of fish consumption ranged from 322.000-425,000 kg of fish per year at Young Island to 899,000-1.086.000 kg of fish per year at Four Brothers Islands. Results from this study demonstrate secondary impacts of management on Young Island to unmanaged areas. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Capen, David E.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Duerr, AE (reprint author), 236 Beechwood Rd, New Wilmington, PA 16142 USA. EM aduerr@wm.edu; david.capen@uvm.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu FU National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA16RG2206]; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; The Jack H. Berryman Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont; Wildlife Management institute FX We are grateful to C. J. Anderson, E. W. Buford, J. L. Burt, M. D. Eisenhower, I. Gratton, M. Hey, S. W. MacFaden, S. Midway, Z. L Richards, T. Scharf, E. R. Travis, and A. C. Weinhagen for their assistance in the field and lab. We thank personnel from Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, USDA Wildlife Services, and Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge for cooperating in numerous ways. This work was sponsored in part by a grant from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, to Lake Champlain Sea Grant under grant number NA16RG2206. Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, The Jack H. Berryman Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also provided funding. Use of trade-names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management institute. We thank the editors of this special edition and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2012 VL 38 SU 1 SI SI BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.12.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908TF UT WOS:000301514000013 ER PT J AU Balch, WM Drapeau, DT Bowler, BC Huntington, TG AF Balch, W. M. Drapeau, D. T. Bowler, B. C. Huntington, T. G. TI Step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine, as documented by the GNATS time series SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Maine; Climate change; Phytoplankton primary production ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE DIVISION DATABASE; OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM; COASTAL CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NEW-ENGLAND; WATER; TEMPERATURE AB We identify step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine (GoM) using the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS), a series of oceanographic measurements obtained between September 1998 and December 2010 along a transect in the GoM running from Portland, ME, to Yarmouth, NS. GNATS sampled a period of extremes in precipitation and river discharge (4 of the 8 wettest years of the last century occurred between 2005 and 2010). Coincident with increased precipitation, we observed the following shifts: (1) decreased salinity and density within the surface waters of the western GoM; (2) both reduced temperature and vertical temperature gradients in the upper 50 m; (3) increased colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations and particle scattering in the western GoM; (4) increased concentrations of nitrate and phosphate across all but the eastern GoM; (5) increased silicate, particularly in the western GoM, with a sharp increase in the ratio of silicate to dissolved inorganic nitrogen; (6) sharply decreased carbon fixation by phytoplankton; (7) moderately decreased chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the central GoM and (8) decreased POC-and PIC-specific growth rates. Gulf-wide anomaly analyses suggest that (1) the surface density changes were predominantly driven by temperature, (2) dissolved nutrients, as well as POC/PON, varied in Redfield ratios and (3) anomalies for salinity, density, CDOM, particle backscattering and silicate were significantly correlated with river discharge. Precipitation and river discharge appear to be playing a critical role in controlling the long-term productivity of the Gulf of Maine by supplying CDOM and detrital material, which ultimately competes with phytoplankton for light absorption. C1 [Balch, W. M.; Drapeau, D. T.; Bowler, B. C.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, E Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Huntington, T. G.] US Geol Survey, USGS Augusta, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Balch, WM (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 60 Bigelow Dr,POB 380, E Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. EM bbalch@bigelow.org OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU NASA [NAS5-97268, NAS5-31363, NAG5-10622, NNG04-Gl11G, NNG04HZ25C, NNX07AD01G, NASA EPSCOR EP-02-14, NNX08AB10G, NNX08AJ88A, NNX10AT67G]; NOAA [40-AA-NE-005996]; NSF [OCE-0136541, OCE-0325937, OCE-0322074, S0793A-D, OCE-0728582, OCE-0961660]; ONR [N00014-98-1-0882, N00014-01-1-0042, N00014-05-1-0111] FX Assistance in the collection of these data was provided over the years by D. Alley, E. Booth, S. Komoroski, L. Lubelczyk, C. Rauschenburg (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences), E. Lyczskowski and A. Ashe (University of Maine Orono), E. Olson (MIT/WHOI Joint Program), L. Windecker (University of California Santa Barbara) and J. Goes (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory). We gratefully acknowledge the owners, captains, crews and staff of the MS 'Scotia Prince' (Scotia Prince Cruises), FV 'Ella & Sadie' (Samoset Seafood), RV 'Argo Maine' (Down-east Marine Resources), RV 'Connecticut' (Univ. Connecticut) and MV 'The CAT' (Bay Ferries) for accommodating the GNATS program for 12 yr. The climatological data were amassed and made available by M. J. Menne, C. N. Williams, Jr., and R. S. Vose (National Climatic Data Center, NOAA, Asheville, NC). The map in Fig. 1 was based on an earlier version by Richard D. Kelly, Jr., Main State Planning Office, created for the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Primary funding for GNATS since the beginning has been generously provided to W. M. B. by NASA (grants NAS5-97268; NAS5-31363; NAG5-10622; NNG04-Gl11G; NNG04HZ25C; NNX07AD01G; NASA EPSCOR EP-02-14; NNX08AB10G; NNX08AJ88A; NNX10AT67G). Additional support was generously provided by NOAA (40-AA-NE-005996), NSF (OCE-0136541; OCE-0325937; OCE-0322074 subgrant S0793A-D; OCE-0728582; OCE-0961660) and ONR (N00014-98-1-0882; N00014-01-1-0042; N00014-05-1-0111) to W. M. B. The comments of 4 anonymous reviewers and B. Butman (US Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA) on an earlier version of the manuscript are much appreciated and greatly improved it. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 450 BP 11 EP 35 DI 10.3354/meps09555 PG 25 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915ZK UT WOS:000302066000002 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Eberl, DD AF Andrews, J. T. Eberl, D. D. TI Determination of sediment provenance by unmixing the mineralogy of source-area sediments: The "SedUnMix" program SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment provenance; sediment mixing; X-ray diffraction ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; ICE-SHEET; HEINRICH EVENTS; QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGY; LATE QUATERNARY; SEA; STRAIT; MARGIN; LAYERS; OCEAN AB Along the margins of areas such as Greenland and Baffin Bay, sediment composition reflects a complex mixture of sources associated with the transport of sediment in sea ice, icebergs, melt-water and turbidite plumes. Similar situations arise in many contexts associated with sediment transport and with the mixing of sediments from different source areas. The question is: can contributions from discrete sediment (bedrock) sources be distinguished in a mixed sediment by using mineralogy, and, if so, how accurately? To solve this problem, four end-member source sediments were mixed in various proportions to form eleven artificial mixtures. Two of the end-member sediments are felsic, and the other two have more mafic compositions. End member and mixed sediment mineralogies were measured for the <2 mm sediment fractions by quantitative X-ray diffraction (qXRD). The proportions of source sediments in the mixtures then were calculated using an Excel macro program named SedUnMix, and the results were evaluated to determine the robustness of the algorithm. The program permits the unmixing of up to six end members, each of which can be represented by up to 5 altemative compositions, so as to better simulate variability within each source region. The results indicate that we can track the relative percentages of the four end members in the mixtures. We recommend, prior to applying the technique to down-core or to other provenance problems, that a suite of known, artificial mixtures of sediments from probable source areas be prepared, scanned, analyzed for quantitative mineralogy, and then analyzed by SedUnMix to check the sensitivity of the method for each specific unmixing problem. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Andrews, J. T.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eberl, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, POB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@colorado.edu FU NSF [ATM-0502515, OPP-070713755, OCE-0823535, OPP-1107761] FX The development of Rock Jock and SedUnMix was undertaken in the Boulder Lab of the USGS; Dr. Alex Blum and Mr. Mario Guzman are acknowledged for their contributions. Work on the application of these methods to Quaternary glacial and paleoclimate problems has been supported at INSTAAR through NSF grants ATM-0502515, OPP-070713755, OCE-0823535, and OPP-1107761. Samples from CSS Hudson cruises in 1979 and 1980 were obtained from the BIO Core Repository. Drafts of the paper were read by Drs. Nel Caine, and Jon Landvik and we thank them for their assistance in the preparation of this final version. We appreciate the comments and suggestions of two reviewers and the Editor, which led to modification and improvement in the manuscript. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 291 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.007 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 910GQ UT WOS:000301625600003 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Lamont, MM Fujisaki, I Tucker, AD Carthy, RR AF Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Tucker, Anton D. Carthy, Raymond R. TI Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Loggerhead; Satellite-tracking; Switching state-space modeling; Gulf of Mexico; Kernel density estimation; Foraging ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; TURTLE CARETTA-CARETTA; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; HOME-RANGE; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; HABITAT-USE AB Designing conservation strategies that protect wide-ranging marine species is a significant challenge, but integrating regional telemetry datasets and synthesizing modeled movements and behavior offer promise for uncovering distinct at-sea areas that are important habitats for imperiled marine species. Movement paths of 10 satellite-tracked female loggerheads (Caretta caretta) from three separate subpopulations in the Gulf of Mexico. USA, revealed migration to discrete foraging sites in two common areas at-sea in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Foraging sites were 102-904 km away from nesting and tagging sites, and located off southwest Florida and the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Within 3-35 days, turtles migrated to foraging sites where they all displayed high site fidelity over time. Core-use foraging areas were 13.0-335.2 km(2) in size, in water <50 m deep, within a mean distance to nearest coastline of 58.5 km, and in areas of relatively high net primary productivity. The existence of shared regional foraging sites highlights an opportunity for marine conservation strategies to protect important at-sea habitats for these imperiled marine turtles, in both USA and international waters. Until now, knowledge of important at-sea foraging areas for adult loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico has been limited. To better understand the spatial distribution of marine turtles that have complex life-histories, we propose further integration of disparate tracking data-sets at the oceanic scale along with modeling of movements to identify critical at-sea foraging habitats where individuals may be resident during non-nesting periods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov; mmlamont@mindspring.com; ikuko@ufl.edu; tucker@mote.org; ngosi@ufl.edu OI Tucker, Anton/0000-0003-2318-7819 FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX All work was permitted by Florida Marine Turtle Permits 176 (K.H.), 094 (R.C., M.L.), and 155 (A.T.), as well as Dry Tortugas National Park permits DRTO-2008-SCI-0008 and DRTO-2010-SCI-0009 (K.H.). All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to Institutional Animal Care Protocols USGS-SESC-IACUC 2011-05, University of Florida IACUC-A621, and Mote IACUC 10-03-AT1. Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, and USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We acknowledge the use of www.seaturtle.org and the satellite-tracking and analysis tool (STAT), and the use of telemetry data generated as part of the ongoing Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment which is publicly available on www.seaturtle.org. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 145 IS 1 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.030 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 903CB UT WOS:000301092400025 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, JE Belk, MC AF Rasmussen, Josh E. Belk, Mark C. TI Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Temperament; Behavioral phenotype; Exploration; Lepidomeda; Personality-dependent ID CHUB GILA-COPEI; SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; TROUT POPULATION; STREAM SALMONIDS; BLUEGILL SUNFISH AB The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual (intrinsic) traits and environmental (extrinsic) factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits (exploration tendency and size) and extrinsic factors (population density and habitat quality) on dispersal of a medium-sized western United States minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured outside of their original capture area after a year (dispersal) compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences between explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m upstream also increased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations [Current Zoology 58 (2): 260-270, 2012]. C1 [Rasmussen, Josh E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Belk, Mark C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Rasmussen, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM josh_rasmussen@fws.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU Brigham Young University; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; The Charles Redd Center for Western Studies FX We are happy to acknowledge contributions to and support of this research from Brigham Young University, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, and The Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, as well as the efforts of many undergraduate assistants and reviewers. Thanks also to J. Johnson, B. Schaalje, L. Allphin, and S. Peck for direction and valuable advice throughout the process. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 37 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 2 BP 260 EP 270 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 912HB UT WOS:000301785500007 ER PT J AU Lapointe, NWR Pendleton, RM Angermeier, PL AF Lapointe, N. W. R. Pendleton, R. M. Angermeier, P. L. TI A Comparison of Approaches for Estimating Relative Impacts of Nonnative Fishes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Invasion; Freshwater; Survey; Introduced; Impact assessment; Game; Nongame ID FRESH-WATER FISH; INVASION BIOLOGY; ALIEN FISHES; INTRODUCTIONS; INVADERS; INVASIVENESS; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS AB Lack of standard methods for quantifying impact has hindered risk assessments of high-impact invaders. To understand methodological strengths and weaknesses, we compared five approaches (in parentheses) for quantifying impact of nonnative fishes: reviewing documented impacts in a large-scale database (review); surveying fish biologists regarding three categories of impact (socioeconomic, ecological, abundance); and estimating frequency of occurrence from existing collection records (collection). In addition, we compared game and nongame biologists' ratings of game and nongame species. Although mean species ratings were generally correlated among approaches, we documented important discrepancies. The review approach required little effort but often inaccurately estimated impact in our study region (Mid-Atlantic United States). Game fishes received lower ratings from the socioeconomic approach, which yielded the greatest consistency among respondents. The ecological approach exhibited lower respondent bias but was sensitive to preexisting perceptions of high-impact invaders. The abundance approach provided the least-biased assessment of region-specific impact but did not account for differences in per-capita effects among species. The collection approach required the most effort and did not provide reliable estimates of impact. Multiple approaches to assessing a species' impact are instructive, but impact ratings must be interpreted in the context of methodological strengths and weaknesses and key management issues. A combination of our ecological and abundance approaches may be most appropriate for assessing ecological impact, whereas our socioeconomic approach is more useful for understanding social dimensions. These approaches are readily transferrable to other regions and taxa; if refined, they can help standardize the assessment of impacts of nonnative species. C1 [Lapointe, N. W. R.; Angermeier, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Pendleton, R. M.; Angermeier, P. L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lapointe, NWR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. EM nlapointe@gmail.com FU USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech; United States Fish and Wildlife Service Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; USGS; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Steve McMullin for help and advice with survey design and implementation. We thank Amy Benson (USGS) for providing NASD data. We particularly thank all survey respondents for their time and effort. This research was supported by the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech, a grant from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species, and a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate fellowship. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by USGS, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 82 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9767-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905UD UT WOS:000301299800007 PM 22037614 ER PT B AU Gadd, ME AF Gadd, Michelle E. BE Somers, MJ Hayward, MW TI Barriers, the Beef Industry and Unnatural Selection: A Review of the Impact of Veterinary Fencing on Mammals in Southern Africa SO FENCING FOR CONSERVATION: RESTRICTION OF EVOLUTIONARY POTENTIAL OR A RIPOSTE TO THREATENING PROCESSES? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOUTH-DISEASE; NATIONAL-PARK; WILDLIFE; KALAHARI; FENCES; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; ELEPHANTS; MORTALITY; ZIMBABWE C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gadd, ME (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, 4401 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM megadd@alumni.rice.edu NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0901-4 PY 2012 BP 153 EP 186 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0902-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0902-1 PG 34 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BZH38 UT WOS:000301638100010 ER PT J AU De Angelis, P AF De Angelis, Patricia TI Assessing the impact of international trade on chambered nautilus SO GEOBIOS LA English DT Article DE Nautilus; Shells; International trade; CITES; Harvest; Status ID PALAU; BELAUENSIS; POMPILIUS; FIJI AB Shells of chambered nautilus (Nautilus spp. Linnaeus and Allonautilus spp. Ward and Saunders) are well-known collectibles, traded across the globe from their Indo-Pacific origins. Live animals and a variety of products made from shells are also traded internationally. In preparation for the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries' Service (NMFS) were asked to propose listing the chambered nautilus in CITES Appendix-II. To evaluate such a listing, nautilus life history traits, conservation status, primary threats, and legal protections were examined in conjunction with known legal and illegal international trade in these taxa. Indications are that certain intrinsic life history traits (such as slow growth and delayed maturation) in combination with extrinsic pressures (such as habitat destruction and unregulated wild harvest) render chambered nautiluses vulnerable, at least locally, to overharvest and may increase their risk of extinction. However, biological and status information as well as trade, fishery, and industry data are insufficient to fully assess the impact of trade on these taxa. The special session on extant nautilus conservation, convened during the 8th International Symposium: Cephalopods - Present and Past (8ISCPP), provided an opportunity to work directly with many of the peer-acknowledged world nautilid experts to address existing knowledge gaps. Activities are underway to continue the assessment of this living fossil. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, Arlington, VA 22003 USA. RP De Angelis, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, 4401 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22003 USA. EM Patricia_DeAngelis@fws.gov NR 51 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0016-6995 EI 1777-5728 J9 GEOBIOS-LYON JI Geobios PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 45 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.geobios.2011.11.005 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 911AT UT WOS:000301690400002 ER PT J AU Hirsch, RM Ryberg, KR AF Hirsch, R. M. Ryberg, K. R. TI Has the magnitude of floods across the USA changed with global CO2 levels? SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE floods; trends; climate change; statistics; carbon dioxide ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RECENT TRENDS; STREAMFLOW; CALIFORNIA; RUNOFF; FLOW AB Statistical relationships between annual floods at 200 long-term (85-127 years of record) streamgauges in the coterminous United States and the global mean carbon dioxide concentration ( GMCO2) record are explored. The streamgauge locations are limited to those with little or no regulation or urban development. The coterminous US is divided into four large regions and stationary bootstrapping is used to evaluate if the patterns of these statistical associations are significantly different from what would be expected under the null hypothesis that flood magnitudes are independent of GMCO2. In none of the four regions defined in this study is there strong statistical evidence for flood magnitudes increasing with increasing GMCO2. One region, the southwest, showed a statistically significant negative relationship between GMCO2 and flood magnitudes. The statistical methods applied compensate both for the inter-site correlation of flood magnitudes and the shorter-term ( up to a few decades) serial correlation of floods. C1 [Hirsch, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ryberg, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. RP Hirsch, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rhirsch@usgs.gov RI Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016; OI Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046; Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X FU US Geological Survey; National Streamflow Information Program; Hydrologic Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, National Streamflow Information Program and Hydrologic Research and Development Program. We are particularly grateful to the USGS Hydrologists and Hydrologic Technicians who worked tirelessly to collect, quality assure, and store these flood data. We also thank Jery Stedinger and Chris Milly for their very helpful review comments. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/02626667.2011.621895 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 914JL UT WOS:000301945800001 ER PT J AU Katzner, T Smith, BW Miller, TA Brandes, D Cooper, J Lanzone, M Brauning, D Farmer, C Harding, S Kramar, DE Koppie, C Maisonneuve, C Martell, M Mojica, EK Todd, C Tremblay, JA Wheeler, M Brinker, DF Chubbs, TE Gubler, R O'Malley, K Mehus, S Porter, B Brooks, RP Watts, BD Bildstein, KL AF Katzner, Todd Smith, Brian W. Miller, Tricia A. Brandes, David Cooper, Jeff Lanzone, Michael Brauning, Daniel Farmer, Christopher Harding, Sergio Kramar, David E. Koppie, Craig Maisonneuve, Charles Martell, Mark Mojica, Elizabeth K. Todd, Charlie Tremblay, Junior A. Wheeler, Maria Brinker, David F. Chubbs, Tony E. Gubler, Rolf O'Malley, Kieran Mehus, Scott Porter, Brady Brooks, Robert P. Watts, Bryan D. Bildstein, Keith L. TI STATUS, BIOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR NORTH AMERICA'S EASTERN GOLDEN EAGLE (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) POPULATION SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIGRATION; TRENDS; RAPTORS; COUNTS; QUEBEC; US C1 [Katzner, Todd] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Katzner, Todd] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Smith, Brian W.] Appalachian Mt Joint Venture, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Brooks, Robert P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, Tricia A.; Lanzone, Michael] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA. [Brandes, David] Lafayette Coll, Acopian Engn Ctr, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Cooper, Jeff] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Lanzone, Michael] Cellular Tracking Technol, Somerset, PA 15501 USA. [Brauning, Daniel] Penn Game Commiss, Wildlife Divers Program, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Farmer, Christopher] Tetra Tech EC Inc, Langhorne, PA 19047 USA. [Harding, Sergio] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. [Kramar, David E.] Virginia Tech, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Koppie, Craig] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Maisonneuve, Charles] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Rimouski, PQ G5L 8B3, Canada. [Martell, Mark] Audubon Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55125 USA. [Mojica, Elizabeth K.; Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Todd, Charlie] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Widlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Tremblay, Junior A.] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4X4, Canada. [Wheeler, Maria; Porter, Brady] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. [Brinker, David F.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Nat Heritage Program, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Gubler, Rolf] Shenandoah Natl Pk, Luray, VA 22835 USA. [O'Malley, Kieran] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Romney, WV 26757 USA. [Mehus, Scott] Natl Eagle Ctr, Wabasha, MN 55981 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. RP Katzner, T (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Percival Hall,Room 307D,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM todd.katzner@mail.wvu.edu RI Mojica, Elizabeth/G-1504-2012; OI Mojica, Elizabeth/0000-0001-6941-4840; Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2012 VL 129 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1525/auk.2011.11078 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 908DO UT WOS:000301470800019 ER PT J AU Scott, CA Megdal, S Oroz, LA Callegary, J Vandervoet, P AF Scott, Christopher A. Megdal, Sharon Antonio Oroz, Lucas Callegary, James Vandervoet, Prescott TI Effects of climate change and population growth on the transboundary Santa Cruz aquifer SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Groundwater; Transboundary aquifers; Population growth ID POTENTIAL IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; MEXICO; WATER; GROUNDWATER; RESOURCES; ARIZONA; BORDER AB The USA and Mexico have initiated comprehensive assessment of 4 of the 18 aquifers underlying their 3000 km border. Binational management of groundwater is not currently proposed. University and agency researchers plus USA and Mexican federal, state, and local agency staff have collaboratively identified key challenges facing the Santa Cruz River Valley Aquifer located between the states of Arizona and Sonora. The aquifer is subject to recharge variability, which is compounded by climate change, and is experiencing growing urban demand for groundwater. In this paper, we briefly review past, current, and projected pressures on Santa Cruz groundwater. We undertake first-order approximation of the relative magnitude of climate change and human demand drivers on the Santa Cruz water balance. Global circulation model output for emissions scenarios A1B, B1, and A2 present mixed trends, with annual precipitation projected to vary by +/- 20% over the 21st century. Results of our analysis indicate that urban water use will experience greater percentage change than climate-induced recharge (which remains the largest single component of the water balance). In the Mexican portion of the Santa Cruz, up to half of future total water demand will need to be met from non-aquifer sources. In the absence of water importation and with agricultural water use and rights increasingly appropriated for urban demand, wastewater is increasingly seen as a resource to meet urban demand. We consider decision making on both sides of the border and conclude by identifying short-and longer-term opportunities for further binational collaboration on transboundary aquifer assessment. C1 [Scott, Christopher A.; Vandervoet, Prescott] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Christopher A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Megdal, Sharon] Univ Arizona, Water Resources Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Antonio Oroz, Lucas] Comis Nacl Agua, Hermosillo 83280, Sonora, Mexico. [Callegary, James] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Scott, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cascott@email.arizona.edu RI Scott, Christopher/D-1262-2013 OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0002-6767-0450 FU University of Arizona; National Science Foundation [DEB-1010495, 005, GEO-0642841] FX The binational aquifer priority-setting process analyzed in this paper was supported by the USA-Mexico TAAP. The authors would like to acknowledge the active participation of the following agencies: ADWR, OOMA-PAS (Nogales Sonora), Friends of the Santa Cruz River, CILA, IBWC, US Bureau of Reclamation, and City of Nogales, Arizona. Additional support for coordination was provided by the University of Arizona's Water Sustainability Program. Groundwater and population scenario analysis was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant DEB-1010495) and by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (Project SGP-HD #005, which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant GEO-0642841). Finally, the IPCC AR4 data were provided by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) at the University of Arizona (F. Dominguez, J. Canon and J. Valdes). The original dataset comes from the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.3354/cr01061 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904JK UT WOS:000301190900005 ER PT J AU Olabarrieta, M Warner, JC Armstrong, B Zambon, JB He, RY AF Olabarrieta, Maitane Warner, John C. Armstrong, Brandy Zambon, Joseph B. He, Ruoying TI Ocean-atmosphere dynamics during Hurricane Ida and Nor'Ida: An application of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE COAWST model; Hurricane; Tropical storm; Extra tropical storm; Runup; Storm surge; Nor'Ida; Coupled model; Air-sea interaction; Wave age; Wave steepness; Ocean wave roughness; SWAN; ROMS; WRF ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; WIND-STRESS; STORM-SURGE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; ANDREW LANDFALL; MESOSCALE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH FLORIDA AB The coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system was used to investigate atmosphere-ocean-wave interactions in November 2009 during Hurricane Ida and its subsequent evolution to Nor'Ida, which was one of the most costly storm systems of the past two decades. One interesting aspect of this event is that it included two unique atmospheric extreme conditions, a hurricane and a nor'easter storm, which developed in regions with different oceanographic characteristics. Our modeled results were compared with several data sources, including GOES satellite infrared data, JASON-1 and JASON-2 altimeter data, CODAR measurements, and wave and tidal information from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the National Tidal Database. By performing a series of numerical runs, we were able to isolate the effect of the interaction terms between the atmosphere (modeled with Weather Research and Forecasting, the WRF model), the ocean (modeled with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)), and the wave propagation and generation model (modeled with Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)). Special attention was given to the role of the ocean surface roughness. Three different ocean roughness closure models were analyzed: DGHQ (which is based on wave age), TY2001 (which is based on wave steepness), and OOST (which considers both the effects of wave age and steepness). Including the ocean roughness in the atmospheric module improved the wind intensity estimation and therefore also the wind waves, surface currents, and storm surge amplitude. For example, during the passage of Hurricane Ida through the Gulf of Mexico, the wind speeds were reduced due to wave-induced ocean roughness, resulting in better agreement with the measured winds. During Nor'Ida, including the wave-induced surface roughness changed the form and dimension of the main low pressure cell, affecting the intensity and direction of the winds. The combined wave age- and wave steepness-based parameterization (OOST) provided the best results for wind and wave growth prediction. However, the best agreement between the measured (CODAR) and computed surface currents and storm surge values was obtained with the wave steepness-based roughness parameterization (TY2001), although the differences obtained with respect to DGHQ were not significant. The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) fields on the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics was examined; in particular, we evaluated how the SST affects wind wave generation, surface currents and storm surges. The integrated hydrograph and integrated wave height, parameters that are highly correlated with the storm damage potential, were found to be highly sensitive to the ocean surface roughness parameterization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olabarrieta, Maitane; Warner, John C.; Armstrong, Brandy] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zambon, Joseph B.; He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Olabarrieta, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM molabarrieta@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; Cnes FX Primary funding for this study was furnished by the US Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, under the Carolinas Coastal Processes Project. We are also grateful to the Career Training Interexchange program that facilitated the training period of Maitane Olabarrieta within the USGS. The tidal gauge data used were derived from the National Tidal Gauge database and the wave and wind information were obtained from the National Buoy Database. Both databases are operated by the NOAA. Surface wind analysis data were obtained from the Hurricane Research Division of NOAA. Altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from Cnes. CODAR products were produced and distributed within the MARCOOS project. The SST data used in the present analysis were distributed by the NOAA Coast Watch project. We would also like to thank the developers of T_Tide, WAFO toolbox and of the SWAN, WRF, and ROMS models. We are grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 90 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2012 VL 43-44 BP 112 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.008 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 908SX UT WOS:000301513000009 ER PT J AU Bruskotter, JT Fulton, DC AF Bruskotter, Jeremy T. Fulton, David C. TI Will Hunters Steward Wolves? A Comment on Treves and Martin SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE acceptance; carnivores; conservation; hunters; intolerance; stewardship; tolerance ID NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ACCEPTANCE CAPACITY; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE; WOLF AB As wolf conservation transitions away from federally sponsored protection and recovery toward sustainable management under state fish and game agencies, researchers and policymakers are interested to know what role hunters will play. Based upon hunters' responses to three recent surveys in Wisconsin and the northern Rockies, Treves and Martin question the assumption that hunters will steward wolves, noting that the majority of hunters that responded were unsupportive of wolf conservation. However, this conclusion largely depends upon what is meant by stewardship and what actions are required for wolves to be conserved. This article discusses the meaning of three concepts either explicitly or implicitly discussed by Treves and Martin tolerance, acceptance, and stewardship and offers a conceptual model of wildlife conservation behavior that clarifies the relationship among these concepts. C1 [Bruskotter, Jeremy T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bruskotter, JT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bruskotter.9@osu.edu RI Bruskotter, Jeremy/B-3240-2012; OI Bruskotter, Jeremy/0000-0002-1782-7835 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 EI 1521-0723 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1080/08941920.2011.622735 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 908TN UT WOS:000301515500008 ER PT J AU Neckles, HA Kopp, BS Peterson, BJ Pooler, PS AF Neckles, Hilary A. Kopp, Blaine S. Peterson, Bradley J. Pooler, Penelope S. TI Integrating Scales of Seagrass Monitoring to Meet Conservation Needs SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Monitoring; Multi-scale; Eelgrass; Measurable attributes; Sampling design ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ZOSTERA-MARINA L; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; WATER-QUALITY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MID-ATLANTIC; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; WETLAND CONDITION; SALT-MARSH AB We evaluated a hierarchical framework for seagrass monitoring in two estuaries in the northeastern USA: Little Pleasant Bay, Massachusetts, and Great South Bay/Moriches Bay, New York. This approach includes three tiers of monitoring that are integrated across spatial scales and sampling intensities. We identified monitoring attributes for determining attainment of conservation objectives to protect seagrass ecosystems from estuarine nutrient enrichment. Existing mapping programs provided large-scale information on seagrass distribution and bed sizes (tier 1 monitoring). We supplemented this with bay-wide, quadrat-based assessments of seagrass percent cover and canopy height at permanent sampling stations following a spatially distributed random design (tier 2 monitoring). Resampling simulations showed that four observations per station were sufficient to minimize bias in estimating mean percent cover on a bay-wide scale, and sample sizes of 55 stations in a 624-ha system and 198 stations in a 9,220-ha system were sufficient to detect absolute temporal increases in seagrass abundance from 25% to 49% cover and from 4% to 12% cover, respectively. We made high-resolution measurements of seagrass condition (percent cover, canopy height, total and reproductive shoot density, biomass, and seagrass depth limit) at a representative index site in each system (tier 3 monitoring). Tier 3 data helped explain system-wide changes. Our results suggest tiered monitoring as an efficient and feasible way to detect and predict changes in seagrass systems relative to multi-scale conservation objectives. C1 [Neckles, Hilary A.; Kopp, Blaine S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Peterson, Bradley J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pooler, Penelope S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Natl Pk Serv, NE Coastal & Barrier Network, Coastal Inst Kingston, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Neckles, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. EM hneckles@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service, Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey, Park Oriented Biological Support Program and the National Park Service, Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network. We thank Fred Short for instruction in the SeagrassNet approach; Fred Short, Jeffrey Gaeckle, and David Rivers for help in establishing our tier 3 monitoring site in LPB according to the SeagrassNet spatial design; Holly Bayley, Lena Curtis, Steve Dwyer, Bev Johnson, Carrie Phillips, Lotte Rivers, Steve Smith, Adam Thime, and Jesse Wheeler for field assistance in LPB; and Brooke Rodgers and Jamie Brisbin for field assistance in GSB/MB. We also thank Andrew Gilbert and Dennis Skidds for expert GIS assistance and tutelage. We are grateful to Carrie Phillips and Megan Tyrrell of Cape Cod National Seashore and Michael Bilecki of Fire Island National Seashore for logistical support, and we appreciate the cooperation of Dawson Farber, Harbor-master and Shellfish Constable for the town of Orleans, MA, in maintaining a long-term tier 3 monitoring site in LPB. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of Nancy Rybicki, Melisa Wong, and two anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 132 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 23 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9410-x PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500002 ER PT J AU Stevens, AW Lacy, JR AF Stevens, Andrew W. Lacy, Jessica R. TI The Influence of Wave Energy and Sediment Transport on Seagrass Distribution SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic vegetation; Hydrodynamics; Numerical modeling; Sea-level rise; Puget Sound ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS; MODEL; PARAMETERS; MACROPHYTES; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPES; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARY; LIGHT AB A coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model (Delft3D) was used to simulate the water levels, waves, and currents associated with a seagrass (Zostera marina) landscape along a 4-km stretch of coast in Puget Sound, WA, USA. A hydroacoustic survey of seagrass percent cover and nearshore bathymetry was conducted, and sediment grain size was sampled at 53 locations. Wave energy is a primary factor controlling seagrass distribution at the site, accounting for 73% of the variability in seagrass minimum depth and 86% of the variability in percent cover along the shallow, sandy portions of the coast. A combination of numerical simulations and a conceptual model of the effect of sea-level rise on the cross-shore distribution of seagrass indicates that the area of seagrass habitat may initially increase and that wave dynamics are an important factor to consider in predicting the effect of sea-level rise on seagrass distributions in wave-exposed areas. C1 [Stevens, Andrew W.; Lacy, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Stevens, AW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM astevens@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This study was a multi-disciplinary effort that involved acoustic habitat mapping, instrumented tripod deployment and recovery, and numerical modeling. The numerical modeling would not have been possible without the guidance of Edwin Elias of Deltares. The computational grids used in the hydrodynamics were modified from those created by Noud Schoenmakers as part of his Master's Thesis at the Technical University at Delft, The Netherlands. Fieldwork for the acoustic habitat component was assisted by Andrew Schwartz of the Washington State Department of Ecology, Collin Smith of the USGS Biological Resource Division, Tom Reiss and Gerry Hatcher of the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), and Art Pratt at the Possession Point Waterfront Park. The instrument deployment and recovery was aided by Joanne Thede-Ferriera, Hal Williams, and Jamie Grover of the USGS PCMSC. Thanks to Curt Storlazzi and Jon Warrick of the USGS PCMSC and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript and to Guy Gelfenbaum (USGS PCMSC) who provided valuable discussions and guidance throughout this project. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Coastal Habitats in Puget Sound (CHIPS) project and the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 92 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9435-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500006 ER PT J AU Allen, YC Couvillion, BR Barras, JA AF Allen, Yvonne C. Couvillion, Brady R. Barras, John A. TI Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Imagery and Inundation Measures to Improve Land Change Estimates in Coastal Wetlands SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Land change; Remote sensing; Inundation; Multitemporal; Landsat ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ATCHAFALAYA DELTA; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; SATELLITE IMAGES; RIVER DELTA; TM DATA; LOUISIANA; KATRINA; FLAT AB Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal Louisiana from 1983 to 2010 into categories of land and water. Tide height, river level, and date were used as independent variables in a multiple regression model to predict land area in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) and compare those estimates with an adjacent marsh area lacking direct fluvial inputs. Coefficients of determination from regressions using both measures of water level along with date as predictor variables of land extent in the WLD, were higher than those obtained using the current methodology which only uses date to predict land change. Land change trend estimates were also improved when the data were divided by time period. Water level corrected land gain in the WLD from 1983 to 2010 was 1 km(2) year(1,) while rates in the adjacent marsh remained roughly constant. This approach of isolating environmental variability due to changing water levels improves estimates of actual land change in a dynamic system, so that other processes that may control delta development such as hurricanes, floods, and sediment delivery, may be further investigated. C1 [Allen, Yvonne C.; Barras, John A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Environm Syst Branch, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Couvillion, Brady R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Allen, YC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Environm Syst Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM yvonne.c.allen@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District Office; US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center FX Continuing support during this analysis was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District Office, and the US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center. Thoughtful reviews by Greg Steyer (US Geological Survey), Guerry Holm (Louisiana State University), Sally Yost, and Molly Reif (both of US Army Corps of Engineers) greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500014 ER PT J AU Wingard, GL Hudley, JW AF Wingard, G. Lynn Hudley, Joel W. TI Application of a Weighted-Averaging Method for Determining Paleosalinity: A Tool for Restoration of South Florida's Estuaries SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE South Florida restoration; Salinity reconstructions; Mollusks; Weighted averaging; Florida Bay; Everglades National Park ID HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIABILITY; STABLE-ISOTOPE PROFILES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; SALINITY; DIATOMS; RECORDS; REGRESSION; EASTERN; PH AB A molluscan analogue dataset is presented in conjunction with a weighted-averaging technique as a tool for estimating past salinity patterns in south Florida's estuaries and developing targets for restoration based on these reconstructions. The method, here referred to as cumulative weighted percent (CWP), was tested using modern surficial samples collected in Florida Bay from sites located near fixed water monitoring stations that record salinity. The results were calibrated using species weighting factors derived from examining species occurrence patterns. A comparison of the resulting calibrated species-weighted CWP (SW-CWP) to the observed salinity at the water monitoring stations averaged over a 3-year time period indicates, on average, the SW-CWP comes within less than two salinity units of estimating the observed salinity. The SW-CWP reconstructions were conducted on a core from near the mouth of Taylor Slough to illustrate the application of the method. C1 [Wingard, G. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hudley, Joel W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Wingard, GL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lwingard@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems South Florida Study Unit FX We would like to thank Thomas M. Cronin and Harry J. Dowsett, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for their early reviews of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers whose thorough comments have improved the final version. The statistical components of this research have benefited greatly from discussions with Frank Marshall (Cetacean Logic Foundation), Harry Dowsett (USGS), and Lucy Edwards (USGS). Patrick Pitts (U.S. Fish & Wildlife) has provided valuable insights and kept us on track in our goal to develop a method applicable to restoration issues. Emily Philips (formerly USGS) and Bethany Stackhouse (USGS) prepared the map, and B. Stackhouse assisted in the final proofing of the data. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems South Florida Study Unit (coordinated by G. Ronnie Best, USGS). Everglades National Park and Biscayne National Park facilitated our field work; research was conducted under NPS study numbers EVER-00141 and BISC-02027. Numerous people have assisted with the field and lab work that contributed to development of the modern analogue dataset. We would especially like to thank James Murray and Rob Stamm (USGS); Jeffery Stone (University of Nebraska, Lincoln); Sara Schwede-Thomas, Carleigh Trappe, Carlos Budet, and Ruth Ortiz (former USGS contractors); and Thomas Scott (retired, Florida Geological Survey) and G. Harley Means (Florida Geological Survey). The staff at Keys Marine Lab, Layton, Florida provided boats and facilities over the years.; This work was funded entirely by the U.S. Geological Survey, for whom I work, and no conflict of interest exists because we are a science agency and do not have a regulatory mission. As a federal government agency, all data are part of the public domain, and can be provided in any format necessary if requested. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 262 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9441-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500019 ER PT J AU Velpuri, NM Senay, GB Asante, KO AF Velpuri, N. M. Senay, G. B. Asante, K. O. TI A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NILE BASIN; BALANCE; RAINFALL; AFRICA; SCALE; EAST; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TOPEX/POSEIDON AB Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of inter- and intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where in-situ data are either limited or unavailable. In this study, multi-source satellite-driven data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, and a digital elevation dataset were used to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Due to the unavailability of reliable lake level data, an approach is presented to calibrate and validate the water balance model of Lake Turkana using a composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data. Model validation results showed that the satellite-driven water balance model can satisfactorily capture the patterns and seasonal variations of the Lake Turkana water level fluctuations with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90 and a Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.80 during the validation period (2004-2009). Model error estimates were within 10% of the natural variability of the lake. Our analysis indicated that fluctuations in Lake Turkana water levels are mainly driven by lake inflows and over-the-lake evaporation. Over-the-lake rainfall contributes only up to 30% of lake evaporative demand. During the modelling time period, Lake Turkana showed seasonal variations of 1-2 m. The lake level fluctuated in the range up to 4 m between the years 1998-2009. This study demonstrated the usefulness of satellite altimetry data to calibrate and validate the satellite-driven hydrological model for Lake Turkana without using any in-situ data. Furthermore, for Lake Turkana, we identified and outlined opportunities and challenges of using a calibrated satellite-driven water balance model for (i) quantitative assessment of the impact of basin developmental activities on lake levels and for (ii) forecasting lake level changes and their impact on fisheries. From this study, we suggest that globally available satellite altimetry data provide a unique opportunity for calibration and validation of hydrologic models in ungauged basins. C1 [Velpuri, N. M.; Senay, G. B.] S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Senay, G. B.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Asante, K. O.] Climatus LLC, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Velpuri, NM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM velpuri@gmail.com RI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/A-5193-2013 OI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/0000-0002-6370-1926 FU NASA Earth-Sun System Division [NNA06CH751] FX This work was made possible by the funding of the Applied Science Program of NASA Earth-Sun System Division contract # NNA06CH751 in collaboration with the USGS EROS Center. Finally, the two reviewers are thanked for their very useful advice and the editor is thanked for allowing us the opportunity to improve on the original paper. NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.5194/hess-16-1-2012 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 891QY UT WOS:000300232900001 ER PT J AU Roberts-Ashby, T Stewart, M AF Roberts-Ashby, Tina Stewart, Mark TI Potential for carbon dioxide sequestration in the Lower Cretaceous Sunniland Formation within the Sunniland Trend of the South Florida Basin, U.S. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Geologic sequestration; Storage capacity estimation; Deep saline aquifers; Depleted oil reservoirs; South Florida; Sunniland Formation AB The Sunniland Trend (Trend) in south Florida is an arcuate trend about 235 kilometers long by 30 kilometers wide that has supported oil production from the Sunniland Formation for over 60 years. The individual oil fields within the Trend have average porosities that range 15-18%, and have the potential to serve as carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration reservoirs due to their high porosity and proven ability to trap hydrocarbons for millennia. In addition, the non-oil-bearing porous intervals of the Sunniland Formation along the Trend have relatively high porosities as well, with an average porosity range of 10-20%. All of the porous intervals in the Sunniland Formation within the extent of the Trend, including the oil-bearing intervals, have the potential to store similar to 1.2 billion tons of CO2, which could potentially support CO2 sequestration for multiple large-scale power plants in the southeastern United States for their entire 40-year lifespan. The Sunniland Formation is an example of the large CO2 storage capacities that are potentially available in depleted oil and gas basins if all porous units, including those which are non-oil bearing, are considered for storage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roberts-Ashby, Tina; Stewart, Mark] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Roberts-Ashby, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tlrobert@mail.usf.edu; mark@usf.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.11.009 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 902HA UT WOS:000301028000011 ER PT J AU Richardson, LA Champ, PA Loomis, JB AF Richardson, Leslie A. Champ, Patricia A. Loomis, John B. TI The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF FOREST ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Health effects; Defensive behavior method; Willingness to pay; Cost of illness; Station Fire ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; SIMULATED LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; BENEFITS; SPECIFICATION; EXPENDITURES; MORBIDITY; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE AB There is a growing concern that human health impacts from exposure to wildfire smoke are ignored in estimates of monetized damages from wildfires. Current research highlights the need for better data collection and analysis of these impacts. Using unique primary data, this paper quantifies the economic cost of health effects from the largest wildfire in Los Angeles County's modern history. A cost of illness estimate is $9.50 per exposed person per day. However, theory and empirical research consistently find that this measure largely underestimates the true economic cost of health effects from exposure to a pollutant in that it ignores the cost of defensive actions taken as well as disutility. For the first time, the defensive behavior method is applied to calculate the willingness to pay for a reduction in one wildfire smoke induced symptom day. which is estimated to be $84.42 per exposed person per day. Published by Elsevier GmbH on behalf of Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umea, Sweden. C1 [Richardson, Leslie A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Loomis, John B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Richardson, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lrichardson@usgs.gov; pchamp@fs.fed.us; john.loomis@colostate.edu NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1104-6899 J9 J FOREST ECON JI J. For. Econ. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 14 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002 PG 22 WC Economics; Forestry SC Business & Economics; Forestry GA 902HG UT WOS:000301028600003 ER PT J AU Howell, PJ Sankovich, PM AF Howell, Philip J. Sankovich, Paul M. TI An Evaluation of Redd Counts as a Measure of Bull Trout Population Size and Trend SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CHINOOK SALMON; ABUNDANCE; MONTANA; STREAMS; ERROR AB The use of redd counts to monitor abundance and trend of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus has been clouded by uncertainties concerning measurement error, life history variation, and correspondence of redd counts to adult population size. We compared census redd counts with population estimates of mature females for a migratory fluvial population of bull trout (primarily >= 300 mm fork length) and for a population of small (<200 mm), likely resident, bull trout. We also compared the measurement error of the experienced surveyors who conducted the redd counts to that of a group of inexperienced surveyors. Although the regression of redd counts on adult females for the migratory population was statistically significant, a large proportion of the variation in the relationship was unexplained (r(2) = 0.47). Despite that variation, redd counts accurately reflected a greater than 50% decline in the population over 10 years; however, 5-year trends in redd counts could be misleading. Power analysis parameterized by using the variation in the number of females per redd and measurement error of experienced surveyors indicated that minimum declines of 44-56% or increases of 78-118% over 10-15 years would be necessary for detection using traditional statistical criteria. Geometric mean abundance of migratory adults derived from redd counts and adults-per-redd values from the present study and published averages were similar to measured adult numbers in most cases. For both migratory and resident populations, redd counts by experienced surveyors were substantially more accurate and precise than those by inexperienced surveyors. Counts of migratory bull trout redds were more accurate and precise than counts of resident bull trout redds, which were significantly smaller and consistently underestimated. Thus, bull trout redd counts can be used to estimate abundance levels and to detect substantial longer-term changes in abundance, particularly for migratory populations. However, the reliability of the counts depends on the skill of the surveyors. C1 [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Sankovich, Paul M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande Field Off, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM phowell@fs.fed.us FU Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Larry Boe, Steve Starcevich, Alan Hemmingen, Jason Shappart, Stephanie Gunckel, John Brunzell, Ian Tattam, David Gaudette, Lisa Gaudette, Ari Martinez, Blane Bellerud, David Crabtree, Mae Noble, Devin Best, Dana McCoskey, and David Kwasniewski assisted with collection of field data. David Buchanan, Alan Hemmingsen, and Steve Jacobs provided administrative support. Thanks to Jason Dunham, Russ Thurow, Paul Wilson, Howard Schaller, Clint Muhlfeld, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions on previous drafts. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.649192 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200001 ER PT J AU Kazyak, D Zydlewski, J AF Kazyak, David Zydlewski, Joseph TI High-Density Polyethylene Pipe: A New Material for Pass-By Passive Integrated Transponder Antennas SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM; FISH AB Pass-by passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas are widely used to study the movements of fish in streams. At many sites, stream conditions make it difficult to maintain antennas and obtain a continuous record of movement. We constructed pass-by PIT antennas by using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and found them to be robust to high flows and winter ice flows. Costs for HDPE antennas were similar to those of traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) antennas, although construction was somewhat more complicated. At sites where PVC antennas are frequently damaged, HDPE is a durable and economical alternative for PIT antenna construction. C1 [Kazyak, David] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Kazyak, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM dkazyak@umces.edu RI Kazyak, David/F-9358-2013 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.655847 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200006 ER PT J AU Finlayson, B Somer, WL Vinson, MR AF Finlayson, Brian Somer, William L. Vinson, Mark R. TI Rotenone Toxicity to Rainbow Trout and Several Mountain Stream Insects: Response to Comment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Finlayson, Brian] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Pesticide Invest Unit, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Finlayson, B (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Pesticide Invest Unit, 1701 Nimbus Rd,Suite F, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM briankarefinlayson@att.net NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.655846 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200008 ER PT J AU Humston, R Bezold, KA Adkins, ND Elsey, RJ Huss, J Meekins, BA Cabe, PR King, TL AF Humston, Robert Bezold, Kelly A. Adkins, Nathaniel D. Elsey, Ryan J. Huss, Jessica Meekins, Brent A. Cabe, Paul R. King, Timothy L. TI Consequences of Stocking Headwater Impoundments on Native Populations of Brook Trout in Tributaries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; LAKE-SUPERIOR; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; EASTERN CANADA; NATIONAL-PARK; HATCHERY AB Understanding the impact of hatchery supplementation on the genetics of wild fish populations is important for designing and evaluating ecologically sound stocking practices. For species such as brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, which are a high priority for conservation and restoration in their native range, understanding the potential impacts of stocking on the functional diversity of wild populations is critical. We sought to determine whether brook trout stocked in low-order reservoirs colonize impoundment feeder streams and if they naturally reproduce and interbreed with established native populations in these tributaries. Analysis of microsatellite DNA allowed us to distinguish hatchery-origin brook trout and putative native strains among tributaries of three stocked reservoirs and one unstocked stream. Hatchery-origin fish were found in tributaries of all stocked reservoirs, mixed with native populations; none were found in an unstocked reference stream that supported wild brook trout. Age-1 brook trout genetically matching a known hatchery strain were found in tributaries of stocked reservoirs, although none of this age were stocked, suggesting that stocked trout have successfully reproduced in these streams. Assignment tests indicated that 4 of the 98 brook trout collected from mixed stocked-native streams were probably hybrids (similar to 4.1%; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-10.0%). These results suggest that to date the direct impacts of stocking on the genetics of these native populations have been limited but that indirect impacts through competition or similar interactions may still be occurring. C1 [Humston, Robert; Bezold, Kelly A.; Adkins, Nathaniel D.; Elsey, Ryan J.; Huss, Jessica; Meekins, Brent A.; Cabe, Paul R.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Biol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Humston, R (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Biol, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. EM humstonr@wlu.edu FU Washington and Lee University FX We thank Barb Lubinski (U.S. Geological Survey); and Eric Hallerman, Joanne Davis, and Jamie Roberts (Virginia Tech) for technical advice and assistance with genetic analyses. We also thank Peter O'Donnell, Thomas Jenkins, and Jason Bacaj (Washington and Lee University); Larry Mohn, Paul Bugas, Jason Hallacher, and Aaron Coffman (VDGIF); and Dawn Kirk (USFS) for assistance with planning or executing field collections. Additionally, we thank George Duckwall and Brian Beers (VDGIF) for assistance with hatchery collections and stocking history; Eric Hallerman for comments on an early draft that greatly improved this manuscript; and the Andrew and Megan Hess Research Scholars program (through Washington and Lee University) for funding to R.H. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.661385 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NW UT WOS:000301046200014 ER PT J AU Ciparis, S Iwanowicz, LR Voshell, JR AF Ciparis, Serena Iwanowicz, Luke R. Voshell, J. Reese TI Effects of watershed densities of animal feeding operations on nutrient concentrations and estrogenic activity in agricultural streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Estrogens; Nutrients; Agriculture; Watershed ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; POULTRY LITTER; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; UNITED-KINGDOM; SURFACE WATERS; HORMONES; RUNOFF; RIVERS AB Application of manures from animal feeding operations (AFO5) as fertilizer on agricultural land can introduce nutrients and hormones (e.g. estrogens) to streams. A landscape-scale study was conducted in the Shenandoah River watershed (Virginia, USA) in order to assess the relationship between densities of AFOs in watersheds of agricultural streams and in-stream nutrient concentrations and estrogenic activity. The effect of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on nutrients and estrogenic activity was also evaluated. During periods of high and low flow, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and orthophosphate (PO4-P) concentrations were analyzed and estrogens/estrogenic compounds were extracted and quantified as 17 beta-estradiol equivalents (E2Eq) using a bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen. Estrogenic activity was measurable in the majority of collected samples, and 20% had E2Eq concentrations >1 ng/L Relatively high concentrations of DIN (>1000 mu g/L) were also frequently detected. During all sampling periods, there were strong relationships between watershed densities of AFOs and in-stream concentrations of DIN (R-2= 0.56-0.81) and E2Eq (R-2= 039-0.75). Relationships between watershed densities of AFOs and PO4-P were weaker, but were also significant (R-2= 027-0.57). When combined with the effect of watershed AFO density, streams receiving WWTP effluent had higher concentrations of PO4-P than streams without WWTP discharges, and PO4-P was the only analyte with a consistent relationship to WWTPs. The results of this study suggest that as the watershed density of AFOs increases, there is a proportional increase in the potential for nonpoint source pollution of agricultural streams and their receiving waters by nutrients, particularly DIN, and compounds that can cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciparis, Serena; Voshell, J. Reese] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Iwanowicz, Luke R.] Leetown Sci Ctr, USGS BRD, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ciparis, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, 216A Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sciparis@vt.edu; liwanowicz@usgs.gov; jvoshell@vt.edu OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Virginia Department of Game; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; Inland Fisheries FX We would like to thank J. Sanseverino and G. Sayler of the Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee (Knoxville, TN) for kindly providing strain BLYES. We would also like to thank R. Hale, D. Chen, and S. Rice at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (Gloucester Point, VA) for analysis of 17 beta-estradiol by UPLC/MS2. We greatly appreciate the assistance of B. Niederlehner with nutrient analysis. We also appreciate field assistance provided by S. Hiner, A. Eakins, S. Voshell, and T. Voshell. Funding for this project was provided, in part, by grants from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (supported by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration). Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894WZ UT WOS:000300459500032 PM 22088420 ER PT J AU Rimondi, V Gray, JE Costagliola, P Vaselli, O Lattanzi, P AF Rimondi, Valentina Gray, John E. Costagliola, Pilario Vaselli, Orlando Lattanzi, Pierfranco TI Concentration, distribution, and translocation of mercury and methylmercury in mine-waste, sediment, soil, water, and fish collected near the Abbadia San Salvatore mercury mine, Monte Amiata district, Italy SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Methylmercury; Mining; Sediment; Water; Fish ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; ALMADEN MINING DISTRICT; ABANDONED HG MINES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GUIZHOU PROVINCE; METHYL MERCURY; HUMAN HEALTH; SPECIATION AB The distribution and translocation of mercury (Hg) was studied in the Paglia River ecosystem, located downstream from the inactive Abbadia San Salvatore mine (ASSM). The ASSM is part of the Monte Amiata Hg district, Southern Tuscany, Italy, which was one of the world's largest Hg districts. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg were determined in mine-waste calcine (retorted ore), sediment, water, soil, and freshwater fish collected from the ASSM and the downstream Paglia River. Concentrations of Hg in calcine samples ranged from 25 to 1500 mu g/g, all of which exceeded the industrial soil contamination level for Hg of 5 mu/g used in Italy. Stream and lake sediment samples collected downstream from the ASSM ranged in Hg concentration from 0.26 to 15 mu g/g, of which more than 50% exceeded the probable effect concentration for Hg of 1.06 mu g/g, the concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Stream and lake sediment methyl-Hg concentrations showed a significant correlation with TOC indicating considerable methylation and potential bioavailability of Hg. Stream water contained Hg as high as 1400 ng/I, but only one water sample exceeded the 1000 ng/L drinking water Hg standard used in Italy. Concentrations of Hg were elevated in freshwater fish muscle samples and ranged from 0.16 to 1.2 mu g/g (wet weight), averaged 0.84 mu g/g, and 96% of these exceeded the 0.3 mu/g (methyl-Hg, wet weight) USEPA fish muscle standard recommended to protect human health. Analysis of fish muscle for methyl-Hg confirmed that >90% of the Hg in these fish is methyl-Hg. Such highly elevated Hg concentrations in fish indicated active methylation, significant bioavailability, and uptake of Hg by fish in the Paglia River ecosystem. Methyl-Hg is highly toxic and the high Hg concentrations in these fish represent a potential pathway of Hg to the human food chain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rimondi, Valentina; Costagliola, Pilario; Vaselli, Orlando] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Lattanzi, Pierfranco] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov RI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012; OI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709; Vaselli, Orlando/0000-0001-8121-4438; Rimondi, Valentina/0000-0002-1249-6563 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); University of Florence; Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR); township of Abbadia San Salvatore, Italy FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Florence, the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University, and Research (MIUR PRIN 2008, grant to Pilar Costagliola), and the township of Abbadia San Salvatore, Italy. Brenda Lasorsa (Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA) provided Hg and methyl-Hg analyses of samples. We thank Ian Ridley and Bronwen Wang, reviewers for the USGS, and three anonymous reviewers for Science of the Total Environment for constructive comments that helped to improve this paper. We would also like to thank the township of Abbadia San Salvatore, and particularly, Marcello Niccolini for his invaluable assistance during fieldwork as well as Mike Pribil (USGS) for helping with the sample collection. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply an endorsement by the USGS. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 414 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.065 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 894WZ UT WOS:000300459500037 PM 22169390 ER PT J AU Dieye, AM Roy, DP Hanan, NP Liu, S Hansen, M Toure, A AF Dieye, A. M. Roy, D. P. Hanan, N. P. Liu, S. Hansen, M. Toure, A. TI Sensitivity analysis of the GEMS soil organic carbon model to land cover land use classification uncertainties under different climate scenarios in senegal SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SEQUESTRATION; RESOLUTION; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; SCALE; CONTINUITY AB Spatially explicit land cover land use (LCLU) change information is needed to drive biogeochemical models that simulate soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Such information is increasingly being mapped using remotely sensed satellite data with classification schemes and uncertainties constrained by the sensing system, classification algorithms and land cover schemes. In this study, automated LCLU classification of multi-temporal Landsat satellite data were used to assess the sensitivity of SOC modeled by the Global Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS). The GEMS was run for an area of 1560 km(2) in Senegal under three climate change scenarios with LCLU maps generated using different Landsat classification approaches. This research provides a method to estimate the variability of SOC, specifically the SOC uncertainty due to satellite classification errors, which we show is dependent not only on the LCLU classification errors but also on where the LCLU classes occur relative to the other GEMS model inputs. C1 [Dieye, A. M.; Roy, D. P.; Hanan, N. P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Dieye, A. M.; Toure, A.] Ctr Suivi Ecol, Dakar, Senegal. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hansen, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dieye, AM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM amadou.dieye@sdstate.edu OI Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306 FU NASA [NNX07A052H]; USAID through the USGS EROS Data Center [AEGP00030001300] FX This research was funded by NASA grant NNX07A052H. The USAID through the USGS EROS Data Center is acknowledged for partial support of the initial stages of this work (AEGP00030001300). NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 2 BP 631 EP 648 DI 10.5194/bg-9-631-2012 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 900HK UT WOS:000300877400002 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Coletti, HA Esslinger, GG Kloecker, KA Rice, SD Reed, JA Monson, DH AF Bodkin, James L. Ballachey, Brenda E. Coletti, Heather A. Esslinger, George G. Kloecker, Kimberly A. Rice, Stanley D. Reed, John A. Monson, Daniel H. TI Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sea otter; 'Exxon Valdez'; Oil spill; Enhydra lutris; Time-depth recorder; TDR ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CRUDE-OIL; PROTOTHACA-STAMINEA; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; FOOD LIMITATION; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; ALASKA; HYDROCARBONS; RECOVERY; MORTALITY AB The protracted recovery of some bird and mammal populations in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, and the persistence of spilled 'Exxon Valdez' oil in intertidal sediments, suggests a pathway of exposure to consumers that occupy nearshore habitats. To evaluate the hypothesis that sea otter (Enhydra lutris) foraging allows access to lingering oil, we contrast spatial relations between foraging behavior and documented oil distribution. We recovered archival time-depth recorders implanted in 19 sea otters in WPWS, where lingering oil and delayed ecosystem recovery are well documented. Sea otter foraging dives ranged from +2.7 to -92 m below sea level (MLLW), with intertidal accounting for 5 to 38% of all foraging. On average, female sea otters made 16 050 intertidal dives per year and 18% of these dives were at depths above the +0.80 m tidal elevation. Males made 4100 intertidal dives per year and 26% of intertidal foraging took place at depths above the +0.80 m tidal elevation. Estimated annual oil encounter rates ranged from 2 to 24 times yr(-1) for females, and 2 to 4 times yr(-1) for males. Exposure rates increased in spring when intertidal foraging doubled and females were with small pups. In summer 2008, we found sea otter foraging pits on 13.5 of 24.8 km of intertidal shoreline surveyed. Most pits (82%) were within 0.5 m of the zero tidal elevation and 15% were above 0.5 m, the level above which most (65%) lingering oil remains. In August 2008, we detected oil above background concentrations in 18 of 41 (44%) pits excavated by sea otters on beaches with prior evidence of oiling, with total PAH concentrations up to 56 000 ng g(-1) dry weight. Our estimates of intertidal foraging, the widespread presence of foraging pits in the intertidal, and the presence of oil in and near sea otter foraging pits documents a pathway of exposure from lingering intertidal oil to sea otters foraging in WPWS. C1 [Bodkin, James L.; Ballachey, Brenda E.; Esslinger, George G.; Kloecker, Kimberly A.; Reed, John A.; Monson, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbodkin@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013; OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673; Kloecker, Kimberly/0000-0002-2461-968X FU US Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; however, the findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of J. deLaBruere, B. Hatfield, P. Kearney, M. Kenner and B. Uher-Koch for their significant contributions to sea otter captures and field data collection, to M. Murray and P. Snyder for veterinary procedures, and to J. Coffey for TDR data calibration. We appreciate the thoughtful reviews of this work by L. Bowen, D. Esler, K. Oakley, and 3 anonymous colleagues. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 93 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 447 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.3354/meps09523 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 897OG UT WOS:000300660600019 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Kirchner, TB Whicker, JJ Field, JP Allen, CD AF Breshears, David D. Kirchner, Thomas B. Whicker, Jeffrey J. Field, Jason P. Allen, Craig D. TI Modeling aeolian transport in response to succession, disturbance and future climate: Dynamic long-term risk assessment for contaminant redistribution SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aeolian Research (ICAR) CY JUL 05-09, 2010 CL Santa Rosa, ARGENTINA DE Aeolian; Contaminant transport; Wind erosion; Dust emission; Risk assessment; Sediment production ID GRASSLAND-FOREST CONTINUUM; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; WIND EROSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEMIARID SHRUBLAND; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; DIE-OFF; VEGETATION; PLANT AB Aeolian sediment transport is a fundamental process redistributing sediment, nutrients, and contaminants in dryland ecosystems. Over time frames of centuries or longer, horizontal sediment fluxes and associated rates of contaminant transport are likely to be influenced by succession, disturbances, and changes in climate, yet models of horizontal sediment transport that account for these fundamental factors are lacking, precluding in large part accurate assessment of human health risks associated with persistent soil-bound contaminants. We present a simple model based on empirical measurements of horizontal sediment transport (predominantly saltation) to predict potential contaminant transport rates for recently disturbed sites such as a landfill cover. Omnidirectional transport is estimated within vegetation that changes using a simple Markov model that simulates successional trajectory and considers three types of short-term disturbances (surface fire, crown fire, and drought-induced plant mortality) under current and projected climates. The model results highlight that movement of contaminated soil is sensitive to vegetation dynamics and increases substantially (e.g., > fivefold) when disturbance and/or future climate are considered. The time-dependent responses in horizontal sediment fluxes and associated contaminant fluxes were sensitive to variability in the timing of disturbance, with longer intervals between disturbance allowing woody plants to become dominant and crown fire and drought abruptly reducing woody plant cover. Our results, which have direct implications for contaminant transport and landfill management in the specific context of our assessment, also have general relevance because they highlight the need to more fully account for vegetation dynamics, disturbance, and changing climate in aeolian process studies. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Breshears, David D.; Field, Jason P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. [Kirchner, Thomas B.] Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Whicker, Jeffrey J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85737 USA. EM daveb@email.arizona.edu NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 445 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.012 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 896AM UT WOS:000300537800009 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang TI Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Corn stover; Miscanthus; SWAT; Switchgrass; Water quantity and quality ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SWAT MODEL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; BIOENERGY CROP; YIELD; SUSTAINABILITY; SWITCHGRASS; MISCANTHUS; PROTECTION AB Corn stover as well as perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus are being considered as candidates for the second generation biofuel feedstocks. However, the challenges to biofuel development are its effects on the environment, especially water quality. This study evaluates the long-term impacts of biofuel production alternatives (e.g., elevated corn stover removal rates and the potential land cover change) on an ecosystem with a focus on biomass production, soil erosion, water quantity and quality, and soil nitrate nitrogen concentration at the watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified for setting land cover change scenarios and applied to the Iowa River Basin (a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River Basin). Results show that biomass production can be sustained with an increased stover removal rate as long as the crop demand for nutrients is met with appropriate fertilization. Although a drastic increase (4.7-70.6%) in sediment yield due to erosion and a slight decrease (1.2-3.2%) in water yield were estimated with the stover removal rate ranging between 40% and 100%, the nitrate nitrogen load declined about 6-10.1%. In comparison to growing corn, growing either switchgrass or miscanthus can reduce sediment erosion greatly. However, land cover changes from native grass to switchgrass or miscanthus would lead to a decrease in water yield and an increase in nitrate nitrogen load. In contrast to growing switchgrass, growing miscanthus is more productive in generating biomass, but its higher water demand may reduce water availability in the study area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yiping; Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA Land Cover; Land Use Change Program [NNH07ZDA001N]; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program "Impact of Rapid Land-Use Change in the Northern Great Plains: Integrated Modeling of Land-Use Patterns, Biophysical Responses, Sustainability, and Economic and Environmental Consequences" (Grant NNH07ZDA001N) and U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. Work of Y. Wu was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 895AX UT WOS:000300469700021 ER PT J AU Richey, JN Poore, RZ Flower, BP Hollander, DJ AF Richey, Julie N. Poore, Richard Z. Flower, Benjamin P. Hollander, David J. TI Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Globigerinoides ruber; Mg/Ca; Foraminiferal size; Planktonic foraminifera; Gulf of Mexico ID ABUNDANT PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; STABLE-ISOTOPE VARIABILITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DEEP-WATER FLUXES; SARGASSO SEA; SYMBIONT PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ORBULINA-UNIVERSA; 2 MORPHOTYPES; MG/CA AB We evaluate the relationship between foraminiferal test size and shell geochemistry (delta C-13, delta O-18, and Mg/Ca) for two of the most commonly used planktonic foraminifers for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: the pink and white varieties of Globigerinoides ruber. Geochemical analyses were performed on foraminifera from modern core-top samples of high-accumulation rate basins in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mg/Ca analysis indicates a positive relationship with test size, increasing by 1.1 mmol/mol (similar to 2.5 degrees C) from the smallest (150-212 mu m) to largest (>500 mu m) size fractions of G. tuber (pink), but with no significant relationship in G. tuber (white). In comparison, oxygen isotope data indicate a negative relationship with test size, decreasing by 0.6 parts per thousand across the size range of both pink and white G. tuber. The observed increase in Mg/Ca and decrease in delta O-18 are consistent with an increase in calcification temperature of 0.7 degrees C per 100 mu m increase in test size, suggesting differences in the seasonal and/or depth distribution among size fractions. Overall, these results stress the necessity for using a consistent size fraction in downcore paleoceanographic studies. In addition, we compare downcore records of delta O-18 and Mg/Ca from pink and white G. tuber in a decadal-resolution 1000-year sedimentary record from the Pigmy Basin. Based on this comparison we conclude that pink G. tuber is calcifying in warmer waters than co-occurring white G. ruber, suggesting differences in the relative seasonal distribution and depth habitat of the two varieties. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richey, Julie N.; Flower, Benjamin P.; Hollander, David J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, Sr Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Richey, JN (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jnrichey@mail.usf.edu; rpoore@usgs.gov; bflower@marine.usf.edu; davidh@marine.usf.edu OI Richey, Julie/0000-0002-2319-7980 FU USGS; National Science Foundation [OCE-0318361, OCE-0903017] FX We thank Ethan Goddard for assistance with elemental and isotopic measurements. We also thank David Hastings, Terry Quinn, and Deb Willard for helpful comments and critiques of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the USGS and the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-0318361 and OCE-0903017. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 82-83 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 895FT UT WOS:000300482300003 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Lawrence, K Brown, RH Le Mouelic, S Soderblom, JM Barnes, J Clark, RN Baines, KH Nicholson, PD AF Buratti, B. J. Sotin, C. Lawrence, K. Brown, R. H. Le Mouelic, S. Soderblom, J. M. Barnes, J. Clark, R. N. Baines, K. H. Nicholson, P. D. TI A newly discovered impact crater in Titan's Senkyo: Cassini VIMS observations and comparison with other impact features SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Titan Through Time-A Workshop on Titans Formation, Evolution and Fate CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL MD DE Titan; Surfaces; Craters ID LANDING SITE; SURFACE; RADAR AB Senkyo is an equatorial plain on Titan filled with dunes and surrounded by hummocky plateaus. During the Titan targeted flyby T61 on August 25, 2009, the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft observed a circular feature, centered at 5.4 degrees N and 341 degrees W, that superimposes the dune fields and a bright plateau. This circular feature, which has been named Paxsi by the International Astronomical Union, is 120 +/- 10 km in diameter (measured from the outer edge of the crater rim) and exhibits a central bright area that can be interpreted as the central peak or pit of an impact crater. Although there are only a handful of certain impact craters on Titan, there are two other craters that are of similar size to this newly discovered feature and that have been studied by VIMS: Sinlap (Le Mouelic et al., 2008) and Selk (Soderblom et al., 2010). Sinlap is associated with a large downwind, fan-like feature that may have been formed from an impact plume that rapidly expanded and deposited icy particles onto the surface. Although much of the surrounding region is covered with dunes, the plume region is devoid of dunes. The formation process of Selk also appears to have removed (or covered up) dunes from parts of the adjacent dune-filled terrain. The circular feature on Senkyo is quite different: there is no evidence of an ejecta blanket and the crater itself appears to be infilled with dune material. The rim of the crater appears to be eroded by fluvial processes; at one point the rim is breached. The rim is unusually narrow, which may be due to mass wasting on its inside and subsequent infill by dunes. Based on these observations, we interpret this newly discovered feature to be a more eroded crater than both Sinlap and Selk. Paxsi may have formed during a period when Titan was warmer and more ductile than it is currently. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Sotin, C.; Lawrence, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Soderblom, J. M.] U AZ, Dept Planet Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Soderblom, J. M.] U AZ, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Le Mouelic, S.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR 6112, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Barnes, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Baines, K. H.] SSEC Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bonnie.j.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2011.05.004 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895GC UT WOS:000300483200004 ER PT J AU Langhans, MH Jaumann, R Stephan, K Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Baines, KH Nicholson, PD Lorenz, RD Soderblom, LA Soderblom, JM Sotin, C Barnes, JW Nelson, R AF Langhans, M. H. Jaumann, R. Stephan, K. Brown, R. H. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. Baines, K. H. Nicholson, P. D. Lorenz, R. D. Soderblom, L. A. Soderblom, J. M. Sotin, C. Barnes, J. W. Nelson, R. TI Titan's fluvial valleys: Morphology, distribution, and spectral properties SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Titan Through Time-A Workshop on Titans Formation, Evolution and Fate CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL MD DE Titan; Valleys; Methane; Cassini; VIMS; RADAR ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; HUYGENS LANDING SITE; METHANE CYCLE; SURFACE; EROSION; VIMS; CHANNELS; DUNES; EARTH; LAKES AB Titan's fluvial channels have been investigated based on data obtained by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument and the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft. In this paper, a database of fluvial features is created based on radar-SAR data aiming to unveil the distribution and the morphologic and spectral characteristics of valleys on Titan on a global scale. It will also study the spatial relations between fluvial valleys and Titan's geologic units and spectral surface units which have become accessible thanks to Cassini-VIMS data. Several distinct morphologic types of fluvial valleys can be discerned by SAR-images. Dendritic valley networks appear to have much in common with terrestrial dendritic systems owing to a hierarchical and tree-shaped arrangement of the tributaries which is indicative of an origin from precipitation. Dry valleys constitute another class of valleys resembling terrestrial wadis, an indication of episodic and strong flow events. Other valley types, such as putative canyons, cannot be correlated with rainfall based on their morphology alone, since it cannot be ruled out that they may have originated from volcanic/tectonic action or groundwater sapping. Highly developed and complex fluvial networks with channel lengths of up to 1200 km and widths of up to 10 km are concentrated only at a few locations whereas single valleys are scattered over all latitudes. Fluvial valleys are frequently found in mountainous areas. Some terrains, such as equatorial dune fields and undifferentiated plains at mid-latitudes, are almost entirely free of valleys. Spectrally, fluvial terrains are often characterized by a high reflectance in each of Titan's atmospheric windows, as most of them are located on Titan's bright 'continents'. Nevertheless, valleys are spatially associated with a surface unit appearing blue due to its higher reflection at 1.3 mu m in a VIMS false color RGB composite with R: 1.59/1.27 mu m, G: 2.03/1.27 mu m, and B: 1.27/1.08 mu m: the channels either dissect pure bluish surface units or they are carved into terrain with a mixed spectral signature between bright and bluish surface materials. The global picture of fluvial flows clearly indicates a high diversity of parameters controlling fluvial erosion, such as climatic processes, as well as surface and bedrock types. Recent fluvial activity is very likely in the north polar region in contrast to more arid conditions at lower latitudes and at the south pole of Titan. This divergence is probably an indication of seasonal climatic asymmetries between the hemispheres. However, traces of previous fluvial activity are scattered over all latitudes of Titan, which is indicative of previous climatic conditions with at least episodic rainfall. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langhans, M. H.; Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, R.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci Remote Sensing Earth & Planets, Dept Earth Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Brown, R. H.; Soderblom, J. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.; Baines, K. H.; Sotin, C.; Nelson, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Planetary Explorat Grp, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Langhans, MH (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM mirjam.langhans@dlr.de RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 NR 97 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 34 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.020 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895GC UT WOS:000300483200006 ER PT J AU Le Mouelic, S Rannou, P Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Griffith, CA Le Corre, L Barnes, JW Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Tobie, G AF Le Mouelic, Stephane Rannou, Pascal Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Griffith, Caitlin A. Le Corre, Lucille Barnes, Jason W. Brown, Robert H. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Philip D. Tobie, Gabriel TI Dissipation of Titan's north polar cloud at northern spring equinox SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Titan Through Time-A Workshop on Titans Formation, Evolution and Fate CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL MD DE Titan; Cloud; Meteorology; Cassini; VIMS ID METHANE ABSORPTION; 9500 CM(-1); ATMOSPHERE; DESCENT; WINDS; LAKES; HAZE AB Saturn's Moon Titan has a thick atmosphere with a meteorological cycle. We report on the evolution of the giant cloud system covering its north pole using observations acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft. A radiative transfer model in spherical geometry shows that the clouds are found at an altitude between 30 and 65 km. We also show that the polar cloud system vanished progressively as Titan approached equinox in August 2009, revealing at optical wavelengths the underlying sea known as Kraken Mare. This decrease of activity suggests that the north-polar downwelling has begun to shut off. Such a scenario is compared with the Titan global circulation model of Rannou et al. (2006), which predicts a decrease of cloud coverage in northern latitudes at the same period of time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe; Le Corre, Lucille; Tobie, Gabriel] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR6112, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Rannou, Pascal] Univ Reims, GSMA, F-51100 Reims, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] CEA, Lab AIM, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Griffith, Caitlin A.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Griffith, Caitlin A.; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Le Mouelic, S (reprint author), Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR6112, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP92208, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. EM stephane.lemouelic@univ-nantes.fr RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; RANNOU, Pascal/I-9059-2012; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2011.04.006 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895GC UT WOS:000300483200010 ER PT J AU Dhakal, N Fang, X Cleveland, TG Thompson, DB Asquith, WH Marzen, LJ AF Dhakal, Nirajan Fang, Xing Cleveland, Theodore G. Thompson, David B. Asquith, William H. Marzen, Luke J. TI Estimation of Volumetric Runoff Coefficients for Texas Watersheds Using Land-Use and Rainfall-Runoff Data SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Runoff; Rainfall; Hydrology; Impervious area; Parameters ID TIME AB The rational method for peak discharge (Q(p)) estimation was introduced in the 1880s. Although the rational method is considered simplistic, it remains an effective method for estimating peak discharge for small watersheds. The runoff coefficient (C) is a key parameter for the rational method and can be estimated in various ways. Literature-based C values (C-lit) are listed for different land-use/land cover (two words, no hyphen) (LULC) conditions in various design manuals and textbooks; however, these C-lit values were developed with little basis on observed rainfall and runoff data. In this paper, C-lit values were derived for 90 watersheds in Texas by using LULC data for 1992 and 2001; the C-lit values derived from the two data sets were essentially the same. Also for this study, volumetric runoff coefficients (C-v) were estimated by using observed rainfall and runoff depths from more than 1,600 events observed in the watersheds. Watershed-median and watershed-average C-v values were computed, and both are consistent with data from the National Urban Runoff Program. In addition, C-v values were estimated by using rank-ordered pairs of rainfall and runoff depths (i.e., frequency matching). As anticipated, C values derived by all three methods (literature based, event totals, and frequency matching) consistently had larger values for developed watersheds than for undeveloped watersheds. Two regression equations of C-v versus percent impervious area were developed and combined into a single equation that can be used to rapidly estimate C-v values for similar Texas watersheds. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000368. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Dhakal, Nirajan; Fang, Xing] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Cleveland, Theodore G.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Thompson, David B.] RO Anderson Engn Inc, Minden, NV 89423 USA. [Asquith, William H.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Marzen, Luke J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fang, X (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM nzd0004@tigermail.auburn.edu; xing.fang@auburn.edu; theodore.cleveland@ttu.edu; dthompson@roanderson.com; wasquith@usgs.gov; marzelj@auburn.edu RI Dhakal, Nirajan/H-2984-2015 FU TxDOT [0-6070, 0-4696, 0-4193, 0-4194] FX The writers thank TxDOT Project Director Chuck Stead, P. E., and the project monitoring advisor members for their guidance and assistance. They also express their gratitude to technical reviewers Meghan Roussel and Glenn Harwell from the Texas Water Science Center in Austin and Fort Worth, respectively, and to three anonymous reviewers; their comments and suggestions greatly improved the paper. This study was partially supported by TxDOT Research Projects 0-6070, 0-4696, 0-4193, and 0-4194. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000368 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 894PJ UT WOS:000300438600006 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, CM Bennett, JP Johnson, CJ AF Rodriguez, Cynthia M. Bennett, James P. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Lichens Unexpected anti-prion agents? SO PRION LA English DT Article DE prion; lichen; degradation; environment; Chronic Wasting disease; protease; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES; MULE DEER; SCRAPIE; SOIL; PROTEASE; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; DIGESTION; SHEEP AB The prion diseases sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease are transmitted, in part, via an environmental reservoir of infectivity; prions released from infected animals persist in the environment and can cause disease years later. Central to controlling disease transmission is the identification of methods capable of inactivating these agents on the landscape. We have found that certain lichens, common, ubiquitous, symbiotic organisms, possess a serine protease capable of degrading prion protein (PrP) from prion-infected animals. The protease functions against a range of prion strains from various hosts and reduces levels of abnormal PrP by at least two logs. We have now tested more than twenty lichen species from several geographical locations and from various taxa and found that approximately half of these species degrade PrP. Critical next steps include examining the effect of lichens on prion infectivity and cloning the protease responsible for PrP degradation. The impact of lichens on prions in the environment remains unknown. We speculate that lichens could have the potential to degrade prions when they are shed from infected animals onto lichens or into environments where lichens are abundant. In addition, lichens are frequently consumed by cervids and many other animals and the effect of dietary lichens on prion disease transmission should also be considered. C1 [Rodriguez, Cynthia M.; Bennett, James P.; Johnson, Christopher J.] Univ Wisconsin, USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rodriguez, Cynthia M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU USGS FX This work was funded by USGS Wildlife: Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. We thank Dr. Dennis Heisey, Dr. Christopher Brand, Christina Carlson and Nicole Gibbs for their valuable comments and the photographers whom we have listed for the use of their images. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1933-6896 EI 1933-690X J9 PRION JI Prion PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.4161/pri.6.1.17414 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 891NK UT WOS:000300223700002 PM 22453171 ER PT J AU Goff, J Chague-Goff, C Nichol, S Jaffe, B Dominey-Howes, D AF Goff, James Chague-Goff, Catherine Nichol, Scott Jaffe, Bruce Dominey-Howes, Dale TI Progress in palaeotsunami research SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Palaeotsunami; Geology; Geomorphology; Archaeology; Microfossils; Geochemistry ID SOUTH-PACIFIC TSUNAMI; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; LAND-LEVEL CHANGES; NEW-ZEALAND; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; HOLOCENE TSUNAMIS; NATIONAL-PARK AB The study of palaeotsunamis preserved in the sedimentary record has developed over the past three decades to a point where the criteria used to identify these events range from well-tested and accepted to new methods yet to receive wide application. In this paper we review progress with the development of these criteria and identify opportunities for refinements and for extending their application to new settings. The emphasis here is on promoting the use of multiple proxies, selected to best match the context of the site or region of interest. Ultimately, this requires that palaeotsunami research must be a multidisciplinary endeavour and indeed, extend beyond the geological sciences of sedimentology and stratigraphy and, to include knowledge and approaches from field such as archaeology, anthropology and sociology. We also argue that in some instances, despite the use of multiple proxies, the evidence for tsunami inundation of a coast simply may not be preserved. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goff, James; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Dominey-Howes, Dale] Univ New S Wales, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Goff, James; Chague-Goff, Catherine; Dominey-Howes, Dale] Univ New S Wales, Nat Hazards Res Lab, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl & Sci Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Nichol, Scott] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goff, J (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM j.goff@unsw.edu.au RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 217 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 243 BP 70 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.11.002 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 890EW UT WOS:000300128900005 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML AF Brooks, Matthew L. TI Effects of high fire frequency in creosote bush scrub vegetation of the Mojave Desert SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE annual grass; Bromus rubens; disturbance; ecosystem transformer; fire effects; grass-fire cycle; red brome ID BLACKBRUSH COLEOGYNE; NORTH-AMERICA; ANNUAL PLANTS; RESTORATION; SHRUBLANDS; CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY; PATTERNS AB Plant invasions can increase fire frequency in desert ecosystems where fires were historically infrequent. Although there are many resource management concerns associated with high frequency fire in deserts, fundamental effects on plant community characteristics remain largely unstudied. Here I describe the effects of fire frequency on creosote bush scrub vegetation in the Mojave Desert, USA. Biomass of the invasive annual grass Bromus rubens L. increased following fire, but did not increase further with additional fires. In contrast, density, cover and species richness of native perennial plants each decreased following fire and continued to decrease with subsequent fires, although not as dramatically as after the initial fire. Responses were similar 5 and 14 years post-fire, except that cover of Hymenoclea salsola Torr.& A. Gray and Achnatherum speciosa Trin. & Rupr. both increased in areas burnt once. These results suggest that control of B. rubens may be equally warranted after one, two or three fires, but revegetation of native perennial plants is most warranted following multiple fires. These results are valid within the scope of this study, which is defined as relatively short term vegetation responses (<= 14 years) to short fire return intervals (6.3 and 7.3 years for the two and three fire frequency levels) within creosote bush scrub of the Mojave Desert. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, 5083 Foresta Rd, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. EM matt_brooks@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program [00-1-2-04] FX This project was supported by grant #00-1-2-04 from the Joint Fire Science Program. The final paper benefitted greatly from earlier reviews by C. D'Antonio, R. Kirby, K. Phillips, J. van Wagtendonk, J. Yee and four anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 28 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1071/WF10140 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 886YD UT WOS:000299890100004 ER PT J AU Tsukamoto, K Javier, PC Shishido, M Noguchi, D Pearce, J Kang, HM Jeong, OM Lee, YJ Nakanishi, K Ashizawa, T AF Tsukamoto, Kenji Javier, Panei Carlos Shishido, Makiko Noguchi, Daigo Pearce, John Kang, Hyun-Mi Jeong, Ok Mi Lee, Youn-Jeong Nakanishi, Koji Ashizawa, Takayoshi TI SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Typing and Subtyping of All Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses and Comparison to Standard Serological Subtyping Tests SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; H5N1 VIRUS; A VIRUS; ASSAY; H7; SURVEILLANCE; SYMPATRY; EXCHANGE; JAPAN AB Continuing outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) infections of wild birds and poultry worldwide emphasize the need for global surveillance of wild birds. To support the future surveillance activities, we developed a SYBR green-based, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) for detecting nucleoprotein (NP) genes and subtyping 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 neuraminidase (NA) genes simultaneously. Primers were improved by focusing on Eurasian or North American lineage genes; the number of mixed-base positions per primer was set to five or fewer, and the concentration of each primer set was optimized empirically. Also, 30 cycles of amplification of 1: 10 dilutions of cDNAs from cultured viruses effectively reduced minor cross-or nonspecific reactions. Under these conditions, 346 HA and 345 NA genes of 349 AIVs were detected, with average sensitivities of NP, HA, and NA genes of 10(1.5), 10(2.3), and 10(3.1) 50% egg infective doses, respectively. Utility of rRT-PCR for subtyping AIVs was compared with that of current standard serological tests by using 104 recent migratory duck virus isolates. As a result, all HA genes and 99% of the NA genes were genetically subtyped, while only 45% of HA genes and 74% of NA genes were serologically subtyped. Additionally, direct subtyping of AIVs in fecal samples was possible by 40 cycles of amplification: approximately 70% of HA and NA genes of NP gene-positive samples were successfully subtyped. This validation study indicates that rRT-PCR with optimized primers and reaction conditions is a powerful tool for subtyping varied AIVs in clinical and cultured samples. C1 [Tsukamoto, Kenji; Javier, Panei Carlos; Shishido, Makiko; Noguchi, Daigo] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Res Team Zoonot Dis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Pearce, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kang, Hyun-Mi; Jeong, Ok Mi; Lee, Youn-Jeong] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Avian Dis Div, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea. [Nakanishi, Koji] Livestock Hyg Serv Ctr Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan. [Ashizawa, Takayoshi] Tyuou Livestock Hyg Serv Ctr Chiba Prefecture, Sakura, Chiba, Japan. RP Tsukamoto, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Res Team Zoonot Dis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM ktsukamo@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan FX This work was supported by a Grant-in-aid Project of the Control of Avian Influenza and other Zoonotic Diseases by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1128/JCM.01195-11 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888IH UT WOS:000299996600009 PM 22031706 ER PT J AU Kellogg, CA Piceno, YM Tom, LM DeSantis, TZ Zawada, DG Andersen, GL AF Kellogg, Christina A. Piceno, Yvette M. Tom, Lauren M. DeSantis, Todd Z. Zawada, David G. Andersen, Gary L. TI PhyloChip (TM) microarray comparison of sampling methods used for coral microbial ecology SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Coral; Microarray; 16S; Method; Disease ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; PLAGUE-LIKE DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SURFACE MUCUS; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; DNA AB Interest in coral microbial ecology has been increasing steadily over the last decade, yet standardized methods of sample collection still have not been defined. Two methods were compared for their ability to sample coral-associated microbial communities: tissue punches and foam swabs, the latter being less invasive and preferred by reef managers. Four colonies of star coral, Montastraea annularis, were sampled in the Dry Tortugas National Park (two healthy and two with white plague disease). The PhyloChip(TM) G3 microarray was used to assess microbial community structure of amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences. Samples clustered based on methodology rather than coral colony. Punch samples from healthy and diseased corals were distinct. All swab samples clustered closely together with the seawater control and did not group according to the health state of the corals. Although more microbial taxa were detected by the swab method, there is a much larger overlap between the water control and swab samples than punch samples, suggesting some of the additional diversity is due to contamination from water absorbed by the swab. While swabs are useful for noninvasive studies of the coral surface mucus layer, these results show that they are not optimal for studies of coral disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kellogg, Christina A.; Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Piceno, Yvette M.; Tom, Lauren M.; DeSantis, Todd Z.; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov; ympiceno@lbl.gov; ltom@lbl.gov; tdesantis@lbl.gov; dzawada@usgs.gov; GLAndersen@lbl.gov RI Tom, Lauren/E-9739-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 FU Coral Reef Ecosystems Study (CREST) of the U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Although funding for this research project was provided by the Coral Reef Ecosystems Study (CREST) of the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP), the CMGP played no active role in the design of the study, the collection of the data and their analysis and interpretation, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit this paper for publication. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank T. McDole and B.J. Reynolds for assistance during field collection of the samples. Coral samples were collected in the Dry Tortugas National Park as authorized by permit DRTO-2009-SCI-0018 to CAK. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.10.019 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 888BA UT WOS:000299977600016 PM 22085912 ER PT J AU Mohammed, A May, T Echols, K Walther, M Manoo, A Maraj, D Agard, J Orazio, C AF Mohammed, Azad May, Thomas Echols, Kathy Walther, Mike Manoo, Anton Maraj, Dexter Agard, John Orazio, Carl TI Metals in sediments and fish from Sea Lots and Point Lisas Harbors, Trinidad and Tobago SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sea Lots Harbor; Point Lisas Harbor; Trinidad and Tobago; Heavy metals; Rare earth metals ID HEAVY-METALS; VENEZUELA; OYSTERS AB Concentrations of heavy metals were determined in nearshore marine sediments and fish tissue from Sea Lots area on the west coast, at Caroni Lagoon National Park, and in the Point Lisas harbor, Trinidad. The most dominant metals found in sediments were Al, Fe and Zn with mean concentrations highest at Sea Lots (Al-39420 mu g/g; Fe-45640 mu g/g; Zn-245 mu g/g), when compared to sediments from Point Lisas (Al-11936 mu g/g; Fe-30171 mu g/g: Zn-69 mu g/g) and Caroni (Al-0400 mu g/g; Fe-19000 mu g/g; Zn-32 mu g/g), High concentration of Cu, Al, Fe and Zn were also detected in fish tissue from Point Lisas and Caroni. Metal concentrations in fish tissue showed significant correlation with sediment metals concentration, which suggests that tissue levels are influenced by sediment concentration. Of the metals, only Zn. Hg and Cu had a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) greater than one, which suggests a high bioaccumulation potential for these metals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohammed, Azad; Manoo, Anton; Maraj, Dexter; Agard, John] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Mohammed, Azad; May, Thomas; Echols, Kathy; Walther, Mike; Orazio, Carl] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Mohammed, A (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM azad.mohammed@sta.uwi.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.036 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 888CJ UT WOS:000299981100035 PM 22114951 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE AF Juracek, Kyle E. TI AN INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENT RATIOS FOR ASSESSING SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT SOURCES IN SMALL AGRICULTURAL BASINS SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE sediment source; element; ratio; cobalt; lead; zinc; cesium-137; Kansas ID ACCUMULATION RATES; CHEMICAL TRACERS; RIVER SYSTEMS; UK; CATCHMENT; LEAD; SOIL; BAY; CONTAMINATION; PROVENANCE AB Various sediment properties previously have been investigated for the purpose of determining sources of suspended sediment. A remaining research need is an assessment of element ratios for the determination of suspended-sediment sources in different terrestrial environments. In this study, 253 element ratios were assessed to determine which, if any, were potentially useful for sediment-source determinations in six small agricultural basins in northeastern Kansas, USA. Samples of surface soils (cropland and grassland), channel banks, and reservoir bottom sediments were collected, analyzed for 23 elements, and compared. Of the 253 element ratios assessed, only the Co/Pb and Co/Zn ratios were substantially and consistently different between the channel banks and surface soils for all six basins. For three of four reservoirs for which data were available, sediment-source estimates provided by Co/Pb ratios were in agreement with estimates previously provided using Cs-137. For two of the four reservoirs, sediment-source estimates provided by Co/Zn ratios were consistent with the Cs-137 estimates. Thus, the Co/Pb ratio potentially may be more useful. Additional research is needed to ascertain whether or not the use of Co/Pb and Co/Zn ratios as tracers is widely applicable or restricted to specific terrestrial environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. FU Kansas State Water Plan Fund; Kansas Water Office; Kansas Department of Health and Environment FX This study was made possible in part by support from the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, the Kansas Water Office, and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. The author thanks Arthur Horowitz (U.S. Geological Survey) and Phil Owens (University of Northern British Columbia) for their many helpful comments and suggestions. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 50 EP 67 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.33.1.50 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 888RL UT WOS:000300021300005 ER PT J AU Davis, VM Layzer, JB AF Davis, V. Malissa Layzer, James B. TI Life History of the Fluted Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus subtentum SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; FISH HOSTS; MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; MOLLUSCA; RIVER; TENNESSEE; GLOCHIDIA AB The timed kidneyshell Ptychobranchus subtentum (Say, 1825) is a candidate for listing under the Endangered Species Act by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Fecundity, fish hosts, and selected population demographics were determined during 2005-2006 for the fluted kidneyshell in the upper Clinch River, Hancock County, Tennessee. Females were fertilized in Aug. within a 5 d period and contained viable glochidia about 4 wk later. As the embryos began to develop, the marsupium gradually changed color from white to dark brown. Glochidia were contained within conglutinates that resemble Simuliidae pupae likely to attract benthic insectivorous fish and were held over winter and released in May. Fecundity was positively related to mussel length (r(2) = 0.81) and ranged from 43,000 to 500,000 glochidia. Eight species of darters (Etheostoma spp. and Percina spp.) were infested with glochidia in the laboratory to examine potential hosts and host suitability. Juveniles transformed on bluebreast darters E. camurum and dusky darters P. sclera and previously reported hosts: rainbow darters E. caeruleum and fantail darters E. flabellare. In addition, fantail darters and rainbow darters were infested with glochidia from two river systems. The median time of glochidial metamorphosis did not differ significantly between the two mussel populations. The observed ratio of adult females to males (1.9:1) in the Clinch River differed significantly from 1:1. Based upon thin-sections, individuals live to at least 26 y and females become sexually mature at age five. C1 [Layzer, James B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jim_layzer@tntech.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources, Tennessee Tech University FX We thank Erica Dyer, Kendall Moles, Samrat Saha, Mad Ashton, Andy Weber, and Ben Davis for their field and laboratory assistance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources, Tennessee Tech University provided funds for this project. We thank David Berg, Nathan Johnson, Jason Wisniewski and two anonymous referees for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 167 IS 1 BP 79 EP 95 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879TP UT WOS:000299355400007 ER PT J AU Rinella, DJ Wipfli, MS Stricker, CA Heintz, RA Rinella, MJ AF Rinella, Daniel J. Wipfli, Mark S. Stricker, Craig A. Heintz, Ron A. Rinella, Matthew J. TI Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) runs and consumer fitness: growth and energy storage in stream-dwelling salmonids increase with salmon spawner density SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FRESH-WATER; FOOD WEBS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; KISUTCH AB We examined how marine-derived nutrients (MDN), in the form of spawning Pacific salmon, influenced the nutritional status and delta N-15 of stream-dwelling fishes. We sampled juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) during spring and fall from 11 south-central Alaskan streams that ranged widely in spawning salmon biomass (0.1-4.7 kg.m(-2)). Growth rate (as indexed by RNA-DNA ratios), energy density, and delta N-15 enrichment in spring-sampled fishes increased with spawner biomass, indicating the persistence of spawner effects more than 6 months after salmon spawning. Point estimates suggest that spawner effects on nutrition were substantially greater for coho salmon than Dolly Varden (268% and 175% greater for growth and energy, respectively), indicating that both species benefitted physiologically, but that juvenile coho salmon accrued more benefits than Dolly Varden. Although the data were less conclusive for fall-than spring-sampled fish, they do suggest spawner effects were also generally positive during fall, soon after salmon spawned. In a follow-up analysis where growth rate and energy density were modeled as a function of delta N-15 enrichment, results suggested that both increased with MDN assimilation, especially in juvenile coho salmon. Our results support the importance of salmon runs to the nutritional ecology of stream-dwelling fishes. C1 [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.] Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Rinella, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, 3211 Providence Dr,Beatrice McDonald Hall, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rinella@uaa.alaska.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council; University of Alaska Anchorage's Environment and Natural Resources Institute FX Thanks go to the Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring program (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council) for funding this project. Coowe Walker, Steve Baird, and Megan Murphy with the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve gave invaluable help in the field. Thanks also go to Ted Otis, David Westerman, Mike Booz, and Jeff Breakfield for help with Alaska Department of Fish and Game spawner counts and to Cayce Gulbransen for performing the isotope analyses. Advice from Hal Geiger and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The US Forest Service Forest Health and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve provided laboratory and bunkhouse space in Cooper Landing and Homer, respectively. Finally, thanks are extended to the University of Alaska Anchorage's Environment and Natural Resources Institute for supplemental funding during analysis and writing. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 69 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1139/F2011-133 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 885PE UT WOS:000299790400006 ER PT J AU Lawrence, C Ennis, DG Harper, C Kent, ML Murray, K Sanders, GE AF Lawrence, Christian Ennis, Don G. Harper, Claudia Kent, Michael L. Murray, Katrina Sanders, George E. TI The challenges of implementing pathogen control strategies for fishes used in biomedical research SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Danio rerio; Xiphophorus; Oryzias latipes; Zebrafish; Medaka; Platyfish; Pathogen control; Research facilities; Health management ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; PSEUDOLOMA-NEUROPHILIA; RESEARCH FACILITIES; TRANSCRIPTOME RESPONSE; VERTEBRATE; MODEL; DIET; MICROSPORIDIA; INFECTIONS; MEDAKA AB Over the past several decades, a number of fish species, including the zebrafish, medaka, and platyfish/swordtail, have become important models for human health and disease. Despite the increasing prevalence of these and other fish species in research, methods for health maintenance and the management of diseases in laboratory populations of these animals are underdeveloped. There is a growing realization that this trend must change, especially as the use of these species expands beyond developmental biology and more towards experimental applications where the presence of underlying disease may affect the physiology animals used in experiments and potentially compromise research results. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop, improve, and implement strategies for managing health and disease in aquatic research facilities. The purpose of this review is to report the proceedings of a workshop entitled "Animal Health and Disease Management in Research Animals" that was recently held at the 5th Aquatic Animal Models for Human Disease in September 2010 at Corvallis, Oregon to discuss the challenges involved with moving the field forward on this front. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lawrence, Christian] Childrens Hosp Boston, Aquat Resources Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ennis, Don G.] Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA USA. [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Lawrence, C (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Boston, Aquat Resources Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM clawrence@enders.tch.harvard.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [R24 RR017386-02, R24 RR017386] NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 155 IS 1 SI SI BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.06.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 869DC UT WOS:000298574900021 PM 21726668 ER PT J AU Osterkamp, WR Hupp, CR Stoffel, M AF Osterkamp, W. R. Hupp, C. R. Stoffel, Markus TI The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE vegetation; erosion; biogeomorphology; ecosystems and the services they provide; carbon sequestration ID DEBRIS-FLOW ACTIVITY; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; EXPOSED TREE ROOTS; DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; ANATOMICAL CHANGES; REGULATED RIVERS; COLORADO PLATEAU; MISSOURI RIVER; SHORE EROSION; SWISS ALPS AB Vegetation and processes of erosion and deposition are interactive. An objective of this paper is to review selected studies that emphasize the interdependencies. The reviews suggest new directions for research uniting ecology and geomorphology the sub-discipline of biogeomorphology. The research, which recently has become vigorous, includes the sources, movement, and fates of fluvial loads of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients, contaminants, and woody debris to low-energy storage sites; the function of biota in causing soil evolution, stability, and sequestration of carbon; the development of new methods to characterize watersheds based on edaphic conditions; and the refinement of current empirical and conceptual models and dendrochronological techniques to measure landscape change. These well acknowledged topics and others less well anticipated ensure that biogeomorphology will remain vibrant. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the publish domain in the USA. C1 [Osterkamp, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hupp, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Stoffel, Markus] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Lab Dendrogeomorphol Dendrolab Ch, Bern, Switzerland. [Stoffel, Markus] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Climate Change & Climate Impacts Res Chair, Carouge, Switzerland. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. EM wroster@usgs.gov RI Stoffel, Markus/A-1793-2017 OI Stoffel, Markus/0000-0003-0816-1303 FU EU, European Commission [212250] FX This paper is a written version of an oral presentation given, in W.O.'s absence, at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) Assembly, Vienna, Austria, in April, 2010, by Mark Nearing, Research Leader, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Arizona, USA; the help of Dr Nearing and the EGU conveners, especially Artemi Cerda, are both highly appreciated. Greg Noe provided important input to sections concerning flood-plain trapping of sediment and nutrients, as well as an early draft of Figure 2. M. S. acknowledges support from the EU-FP7 project ACQWA (http://www.acqwa.ch) of the European Commission under Grant Nr. 212250. Among many scientists who provided helpful suggestions are Allen Gellis, David Goodrich, Richard Marston, Pablo Garcia, and Charles Demas; their help and that of others is appreciated. NR 128 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1002/esp.2173 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 872FH UT WOS:000298793700004 ER PT J AU El Maarry, MR Dohm, JM Marzo, GA Fergason, R Goetz, W Heggy, E Pack, A Markiewicz, WJ AF El Maarry, M. Ramy Dohm, James M. Marzo, Giuseppe A. Fergason, Robin Goetz, Walter Heggy, Essam Pack, Andreas Markiewicz, Wojciech J. TI Searching for evidence of hydrothermal activity at Apollinaris Mons, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Volcanism; Geological processes ID LAYERED EJECTA CRATERS; MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; EASTERN HELLAS REGION; SLOPE STREAKS; NEW-ZEALAND; TECTONIC ACTIVITY; RAY SPECTROMETER; FLUVIAL VALLEYS; RAMPART CRATERS; NORTHERN PLAINS AB A multidisciplinary approach involving various remote sensing instruments is used to investigate Apollinaris Mons, a prominent volcano on Mars, as well as the surrounding plains for signs of prolonged hydrologic and volcanic, and possibly hydrothermal activity. The main findings include (1) evidence from laser altimetry indicating the large thickness (1.5-2 km at some locations) of the fan deposits draping the southern flank contrary to previous estimates, coupled with possible layering which point to a significant emplacement phase at Apollinaris Mons, (2) corroboration of Robinson et al. (Robinson, M.S., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., Zimbelman, J.R., Wu, S.S.C., Ablin, K.K., Howington-Kraus, A.E. [1993]. Icarus 104, 301-323) hypothesis regarding the formation of incised valleys on the western flanks by density current erosion which would indicate magma-water interaction or, alternatively, volatile-rich magmas early in the volcano's history, (3) mounds of diverse geometric shapes, many of which display summit depressions and occur among faults and fractures, possibly marking venting, (4) strong indicators on the flanks of the volcano for lahar events, and possibly, a caldera lake, (5) ubiquitous presence of impact craters displaying fluidized ejecta in both shield-forming (flank and caldera) materials and materials that surround the volcano that are indicative of water-rich target materials at the time of impact, (6) long-term complex association in time among shield-forming materials and Medusae Fossae Formation. The findings point to a site of extensive volcanic and hydrologic activity with possibly a period of magma-water interaction and hydrothermal activity. Finally, we propose that the mound structures around Apollinaris should be prime targets for further in situ exploration and search for possible exobiological signatures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [El Maarry, M. Ramy; Goetz, Walter; Markiewicz, Wojciech J.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [El Maarry, M. Ramy; Pack, Andreas] Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Dohm, James M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marzo, Giuseppe A.] CR Casaccia, ENEA, I-00123 Rome, Italy. [Fergason, Robin] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Heggy, Essam] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP El Maarry, MR (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidler Str 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM mohamed.elmaarry@space.unibe.ch RI Heggy, Essam/E-8250-2013; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Marzo, Giuseppe/A-9765-2015; OI Heggy, Essam/0000-0001-7476-2735; EL-MAARRY, MOHAMED RAMY/0000-0002-8262-0320 FU MPG-IMPRS; NASA FX M.R. El Maarry was supported by an MPG-IMPRS Grant. James M. Dohm was funded through NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program. The first author would like to thank Johan Verkamp for his clarifications on the nature and evolution of volcanic lakes on Earth, and Roberto Bugiolacchi for his valuable comments. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and suggestions that greatly improved this paper. NR 161 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2012 VL 217 IS 1 BP 297 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.022 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 876TP UT WOS:000299130900024 ER PT J AU Barlow, JRB Coupe, RH AF Barlow, Jeannie R. B. Coupe, Richard H. TI Groundwater and Surface-Water Exchange and Resulting Nitrate Dynamics in the Bogue Phalia Basin in Northwestern Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; STREAMS; DENITRIFICATION; TRACER; ZONES; HEAT; FATE; TEMPERATURES; RIVER AB During April 2007 through September 2008, the USGS collected hydrogeologic and water-quality data from a site on the Bogue Phalia to evaluate the role of groundwater and surface-water interaction on the transport of nitrate to the shallow sand and gravel aquifer underlying the Mississippi Alluvial Plain in northwestern Mississippi. A two-dimensional groundwater/surface-water exchange model was developed using temperature and head data and VS2DH, a variably saturated flow and energy transport model. Results from this model showed that groundwater/surfacewater exchange at the site occurred regularly and recharge was laterally extensive into the alluvial aquifer. Nitrate was consistently reported in surface-water samples (n = 52, median concentration = 39.8 mu mol/L) although never detected in samples collected from in-stream piezometers or shallow monitoring wells adjacent to the stream (n = 46). These two facts, consistent detections of nitrate in surface water and no detections of nitrate in groundwater, coupled with model results that indicate large amounts of surface water moving through an anoxic streambed, support the case for denitrification and nitrate loss through the streambed. C1 [Barlow, Jeannie R. B.; Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. RP Barlow, JRB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 308 S Airport Rd, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. EM jbarlow@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0087 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877WR UT WOS:000299213900017 PM 22218184 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Collins, LS Holmes, C AF Cheng, Jie Collins, Laurel S. Holmes, Charles TI FOUR THOUSAND YEARS OF HABITAT CHANGE IN FLORIDA BAY, AS INDICATED BY BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RECONSTRUCTIONS; AUSTRALIA; SALINITY; HISTORY; TRENDS; ASSEMBLAGES; ZONATIONS; RECORDS; EASTERN; GROWTH AB Analyses of 203 samples of benthic foraminifera in six cores from four sites in Florida Bay indicate habitat change over the last similar to 4000 years. Sample ages were determined for the last similar to 120 years with Pb-210, and for up to similar to 4000 years at two sites with C-14. The largest habitat changes upcore were identified with stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis (CONISS), which evaluates the similarity of vertically adjacent samples. Paleoenvironmental interpretations of habitat changes were mostly based on varying proportions of two defined associations of environmental indicator taxa and changes in diversity. The timing of the interpreted environmental changes was compared to known natural and anthropogenic events to examine their correspondence and possible relationship. The bay's initial flooding similar to 4000 YBP was indicated at the offshore Ninemile Bank by a very high proportion of an Ammonia association and very low proportion of a Quinqueloculina association, similar to modern nearshore assemblages in Trout Cove, the core site closest to the mainland. Construction of the Florida Keys railroad in 1907-1910 led to restricted exchange with the open ocean; foraminifera indicate a salinity decrease at that time, probably from the increased influence of runoff. Faunal changes since the 1920s in central Florida Bay signify increasingly saline (>32 psu) waters. Between 1928-1938, concurrent peaks in the Ammonia association at all sites suggest widespread freshening of the bay, which corresponds to an unusual succession of three powerful, wet hurricanes between 1926-1938. After flushing of the bay by hurricanes, a long-term result of decreased circulation caused by railroad construction was the increased retention of organic materials in the bay; more organic-rich conditions after 1932 are indicated at Ninemile Bank by a shift in infaunal Bolivina species to their highest abundance. In the central bay after 1962, the amplitude of changes in the Ammonia association and diversity was greater, probably related to larger salinity shifts caused by increases in water management in addition to natural events such as droughts. In the central bay in 1987, decreases in diversity, increases in infaunal taxa and decreases in epiphytic species clearly reflect a severe, bay-wide seagrass die-off and drought. Thus, changes in Florida Bay habitats can be related to both anthropogenic and, natural causes. Despite any degradation of water quality in the past 50 years, foraminiferal diversity has increased at most sites. C1 [Cheng, Jie; Collins, Laurel S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Holmes, Charles] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 34701 USA. RP Collins, LS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM collinsl@fiu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0126024] FX This project was funded by National Science Foundation grant no. EAR-0126024 to Collins and others. The National Park Service, Everglades National Park, permitted the collection of cores and use of the Key Largo Multi-Agency Science Center. Core collection was directed by the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Florida. Fishermen's Hospital, Marathon, graciously contributed the use of their x-ray machine. We are grateful to the FIU students, research staff, James Fourqurean, William Anderson, Rudolf Jaffe, and Evelyn Gaiser, who all participated in collecting, x-raying and sampling the cores. Advice from Martin Buzas on taxonomy and his help with U.S. National Museum collections are greatly appreciated. The comments of three reviewers and an associate editor substantially improved the quality of this paper. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 885FV UT WOS:000299764800002 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Bowker, JD Bowman, MP Carty, D Mitchell, AJ Farmer, BD AF Straus, David L. Bowker, James D. Bowman, Molly P. Carty, Dan Mitchell, Andrew J. Farmer, Bradley D. TI Safety of Aquaflor-Medicated Feed to Sunshine Bass SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SALMO-SALAR L; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; FLORFENICOL; EFFICACY; MORTALITY; FURUNCULOSIS; INFECTION AB Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% type A medicated article) is a relatively new antibiotic used in U. S. aquaculture and has been widely accepted as a safe and effective therapeutant. Some peer-reviewed studies have suggested that 15 mg florfenicol (FFC) u kg-1 body weight (BW).d(-1) for 10 d controls mortality to a greater extent than 10 mg FFC. kg(-1) BW.d(-1) for 10 d. This study evaluated the safety of Aquaflor to sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis) when administered in feed at 15 (1xthe maximum proposed therapeutic dose), 45 (3x), and 75 (5x) mg FFC u kg-1 BW.d(-1) for 20 d (2xthe currently approved 10-d treatment duration). The medicated feed was top-coated with Aquaflor and fed at 2% BW.d(-1) divided equally between the morning and afternoon feedings. Juvenile sunshine bass (13.6 +/- 1.6 g [mean +/- SD]) were stocked into 100-L flow-through tanks at 20 fish per tank. Diets were randomly assigned to three replicate tanks per treatment; fish in three additional nonstudy tanks were fed control diets and weighed weekly to calculate proper feeding quantities. Throughout the trial, water quality was maintained within ranges suitable for sunshine bass culture, fish behavior appeared normal, and all feed was readily and rapidly consumed. There were no mortalities and fish health evaluations revealed no chronic toxicity patterns. None of the histopathologies distinctive to the use of Aquaflor were observed. In conclusion, there is an adequate margin of safety associated with administering Aquaflor-medicated feed to fingerling sunshine bass at the proposed therapeutic treatment regimen of 15 mg FFC.kg(-1) BW.d(-1) for 10 d. C1 [Straus, David L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Farmer, Bradley D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bowker, James D.; Bowman, Molly P.; Carty, Dan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.630262 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 881SV UT WOS:000299510000001 ER PT J AU Misumi, I Leong, JAC Takemura, A Lewis, TD AF Misumi, Ichiro Leong, Jo-Ann C. Takemura, Akihiro Lewis, Teresa D. TI Immune protection of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposed to different infectious doses of ectoparasite (Cryptocaryon irritans) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; PUTATIVE AGGLUTINATION/IMMOBILIZATION ANTIGEN; PARASITE ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; STRESS-RESPONSE; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; EPINEPHELUS-COIOIDES; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; RAINBOW-TROUT AB The objectives of the present study were to standardize a reproducible infection procedure with Cryptocaryon irritans and to examine the effects of infectious dose level on the immune protection in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). This study demonstrated that direct enumeration of trophonts on the pectoral fin was useful to quantitatively assess immune protection against C. irritans. The number of trophonts on a pectoral fin was positively correlated with infectious dose of live theronts. Fish immunized by direct exposure under controlled laboratory conditions allowed for in depth examination of the effects of the degree of infectious dose on immune response. There was no significant positive correlation between the initial infectious dose and degree of immune responses. Mozambique tilapia initiated a strong immune protection by direct exposure with even a small number of parasites (e.g. 300 theronts per fish). Moreover, as the result of the protein analysis, we identified 28 kD proteins that could be responsible for the immobilizing antigen. C1 [Misumi, Ichiro; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Misumi, Ichiro] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Takemura, Akihiro] Univ Ryukyus, Sesoko Stn, Trop Biosphere Res Ctr, Motobu, Okinawa 9050227, Japan. [Lewis, Teresa D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Fish Hlth Unit, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM USA. RP Misumi, I (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM imisumi@email.unc.edu OI Takemura, Akihiro/0000-0002-5024-4930 FU Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture (USDA CREES) [2002-38500-12039]; National Science Foundation [EPS02-37065] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture #2002-38500-12039 (USDA CREES) to Teresa Lewis and a grant from the National Science Foundation #EPS02-37065 to Jo-Ann Leong. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2500-7 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 881WE UT WOS:000299521000043 PM 21739314 ER PT J AU DeFalco, LA Esque, TC Nicklas, MB Kane, JM AF DeFalco, Lesley A. Esque, Todd C. Nicklas, Melissa B. Kane, Jeffrey M. TI Supplementing Seed Banks to Rehabilitate Disturbed Mojave Desert Shrublands: Where Do All the Seeds Go? SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid land restoration; germination requirements; harvester ants; Messor pergandei; plant competition; rodents ID SEMIARID RANGELAND; SOIL DISTURBANCE; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; ESTABLISHMENT; GRASSLAND; STEPPE; ANTS; REVEGETATION; REGENERATION AB Revegetation of degraded arid lands often involves supplementing impoverished seed banks and improving the seedbed, yet these approaches frequently fail. To understand these failures, we tracked the fates of seeds for six shrub species that were broadcast across two contrasting surface disturbances common to the Mojave Desertsites compacted by concentrated vehicle use and trenched sites where topsoil and subsurface soils were mixed. We evaluated seedbed treatments that enhance soil-seed contact (tackifier) and create surface roughness while reducing soil bulk density (harrowing). We also explored whether seed harvesting by granivores and seedling suppression by non-native annuals influence the success of broadcast seeding in revegetating degraded shrublands. Ten weeks after treatments, seeds readily moved off of experimental plots in untreated compacted sites, but seed movements were reduced 32% by tackifier and 55% through harrowing. Harrowing promoted seedling emergence in compacted sites, particularly for the early-colonizing species Encelia farinosa, but tackifier was largely ineffective. The inherent surface roughness of trenched sites retained three times the number of seeds than compacted sites, but soil mixing during trench development likely altered the suitability of the seedbed thus resulting in poor seedling emergence. Non-native annuals had little influence on seed fates during our study. In contrast, the prevalence of harvester ants increased seed removal on compacted sites, whereas rodent activity influenced removal on trenched sites. Future success of broadcast seeding in arid lands depends on evaluating disturbance characteristics prior to seeding and selecting appropriate species and seasons for application. C1 [DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.; Nicklas, Melissa B.; Kane, Jeffrey M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn,160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM ldefalco@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army, Integrated Training Area Management; USDI Landscape Science Initiative (Mojave); Invasive Species Program; Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems FX We are grateful to the field and lab assistance of K. Bauer, E. Beamguard, M. Kang, J. Ramirez, B. Reynolds, S. Scoles-Sciulla, J. Sharick, A. Smith, K. Smith, and A. Trexler. We especially thank R. Sparks and M. Hamilton at Ft. Irwin for their on-site support and logistical assistance. Comments on earlier drafts by J. Belnap, D. Housman, K. Longshore, S. Ostoja, K. Phillips, R. Sparks, J. van Wagtendonk, and J. Yee improved this manuscript. Comments made by two anonymous reviewers also improved the final manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army, Integrated Training Area Management, USDI Landscape Science Initiative (Mojave), Invasive Species Program, and Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872XT UT WOS:000298845500011 ER PT J AU McNutt, M AF McNutt, Marcia TI Start with Science to Predict Tsunami Risks, Seismic Hazards SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP McNutt, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 886JN UT WOS:000299850800006 ER PT J AU Linton, K Stein, RS AF Linton, Kelsey Stein, Ross S. TI QuakeCaster, an Earthquake Physics Demonstration and Exploration Tool SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; RECURRENCE MODEL; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; HAZARD; SLIP C1 [Linton, Kelsey] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Linton, K (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kelsey.linton@duke.edu; rstein@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 83 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1785/gssrl.83.1.150 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 881MO UT WOS:000299491000017 ER PT J AU Anderson, EM Esler, D Boyd, WS Evenson, JR Nysewander, DR Ward, DH Dickson, RD Uher-Koch, BD VanStratt, CS Hupp, JW AF Anderson, Eric M. Esler, Daniel Boyd, W. Sean Evenson, Joseph R. Nysewander, David R. Ward, David H. Dickson, Rian D. Uher-Koch, Brian D. VanStratt, Corey S. Hupp, Jerry W. TI Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for Scoters (Melanitta spp.) in marine habitats SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WINTERING SURF SCOTERS; WHITE-WINGED SCOTERS; NESTING BALD EAGLES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOOD-HABITS; CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON; ISLAND; DUCKS; PREY AB Studies of declining populations of sea ducks have focused mainly on bottom-up processes with little emphasis on the role of predation. We identified 11 potential predators of White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca (L., 1758)) and Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L, 1758)) in North American marine habitats. However, of 596 Scoters marked with VHF transmitters along the Pacific coast, mortalities were recovered in association with just two identifiable categories of predators: in southeast Alaska recoveries occurred mainly near mustelid feeding areas, while those in southern British Columbia and Washington occurred mainly near feeding areas of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L, 1766)). Determining whether marked Scoters had been depredated versus scavenged was often not possible, but mortalities occurred more frequently during winter than during wing molt (13.1% versus 0.7% of both species combined, excluding Scoters that died within a postrelease adjustment period). In two sites heavily used by Scoters, diurnal observations revealed no predation attempts and low rates of predator disturbances that altered Scoter behavior (<= 0.22/h). These and other results suggest that predation by Bald Eagles occurs mainly at sites and times where densities of Scoters are low, while most predation by mustelids probably occurs when Scoters are energetically compromised. C1 [Anderson, Eric M.; Dickson, Rian D.; Uher-Koch, Brian D.; VanStratt, Corey S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Boyd, W. Sean] Environm Canada, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Evenson, Joseph R.; Nysewander, David R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Puget Sound Assessment & Monitoring Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Ward, David H.; Hupp, Jerry W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Anderson, EM (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM eric_anderson@sfu.ca FU NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System; Sea Duck Joint Venture; USFWS Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office; SeaDoc Society; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education; Department of Biology at Simon Fraser University; USGS Alaska Science Center; Washington Brant Foundation FX Field assistance was provided by J. Barrett, B. Bartzen, T. Bowman, J. Brown, S. Coulter, D. Cushing, A. DuBour, L. Heisler, S. Iverson, M. Kirk, L. Koloski, D. Lacroix, P. Levesque, T. Lewis, R. Lis, R. MacDonald, M. McAdie, A. McLean, A. Pagano, L. Parker, A. Patterson, K. Pontius, J. Ray, J. Reed, J. Reynolds, V. Richard, J. Whissel, and many others. With much volunteer support, Bird Studies Canada supplied B.C. Coastal Waterbirds Survey data. This study was funded by the NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System (fellowship to E.M.A.), the Sea Duck Joint Venture, the USFWS Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, the SeaDoc Society, Ducks Unlimited Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education (funding for C.S.V.), the Department of Biology at Simon Fraser University, the USGS Alaska Science Center, and the Washington Brant Foundation. Logistical support was provided by the Centre for Wildlife Ecology, the Canadian Wildlife Service, Auke Bay Laboratories, the Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, the USFWS Juneau Office, and the USDA Forest Service Juneau Ranger District. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1139/Z11-110 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 880XL UT WOS:000299443200005 ER PT J AU Miller, BJ Harlow, HJ Harlow, TS Biggins, D Ripple, WJ AF Miller, Brian J. Harlow, Henry J. Harlow, Tyler S. Biggins, Dean Ripple, William J. TI Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; EXPLOITATION ECOSYSTEMS; MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; NATURAL REGULATION; NORTH-AMERICA; ISLE ROYALE; PREDATION; FOOD; CONSERVATION; YELLOWSTONE AB When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park have examined the interaction pathway of wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) to ungulates to plants. This study examines the interaction effects of wolves to coyotes to rodents (reversing mesopredator release in the absence of wolves). Coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) generally avoided areas near a wolf den. However, when in the proximity of a den, they used woody habitats (pine or sage) compared with herbaceous habitats (grass or forb or sedge)- when they were away from the wolf den. Our data suggested a significant increase in rodent numbers, particularly voles (genus Microtus Schrank, 1798), during the 3-year study on plots that were within 3 km of the wolf den, but we did not detect a significant change in rodent numbers over time for more distant plots. Predation by coyotes may have depressed numbers of small mammals in areas away from the wolf den. These factors indicate a top down effect by wolves on coyotes and subsequently on the rodents of the area. Restoration of wolves could be a powerful tool for regulating predation at lower trophic levels. C1 [Ripple, William J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Brian J.] Wind River Ranch Fdn, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. [Miller, Brian J.] Denver Zool Fdn, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Harlow, Henry J.; Harlow, Tyler S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Biggins, Dean] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USGS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ripple, WJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bill.ripple@oregonstate.edu FU Denver Zoological Foundation; University of Wyoming; Koinonia Foundation; Oregon State University Foundation FX P. Cooley, A. Degraeve, S. Hammond, K. Keffer, S. Pfister, R. Reading, and D. Stern helped with data collection over the years. Funding came from the Denver Zoological Foundation, the University of Wyoming, the Koinonia Foundation, and the Oregon State University Foundation through a L.L. Stewart Faculty Scholar award to W.J.R. The Grand Teton National Park graciously granted us permits and encouraged the study. Comments by D. Augeri, M. Boyce, J. Estes, D. Parsons, R. Reading, M. Soule, D. Smith, and J. Terborgh greatly improved the manuscript. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 163 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1139/Z11-115 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 880XL UT WOS:000299443200008 ER PT J AU Muzzall, PM Lima, M Gentile, A Gunn, J Jones, A Morrison, J French, JRP AF Muzzall, Patrick M. Lima, Michael Gentile, Alex Gunn, Jacob Jones, Amanda Morrison, Jamie French, John R. P., III TI Acanthocephalan Parasites of Slimy Sculpin, Cottus cognatus, and Ninespine Stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, from Lake Michigan, U.S.A. SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthocephala; Echinorhynchus salmonis; Acanthocephalus dirus; Neoechinorhynchus pungitius; Cottus cognatus; Pungitius pungitius; Lake Michigan ID AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP.; ECHINORHYNCHUS-SALMONIS; GREAT-LAKES; HURON; LOCALITIES; FISHES; ASSOCIATIONS; RICHARDSON; HELMINTHS; COTTIDAE AB In total, 288 slimy sculpins, Corms cognatus, were collected in September 2003 from 6 Lake Michigan, U.S.A., ports, along with 220 ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius, from 3 ports. The ports included Waukegan, Illinois; Port Washington (PW) and Sturgeon Bay (SB), Wisconsin; and Manistique (MS), Frankfort (FF), Ludington (LD), and Saugatuck, Michigan. Echinorhynchus salmonis infected sculpins from 6 ports, Acanthocephalus dims infected sculpins from 4 ports, and Neoechinorhynchus pungitius infected sculpins from 3 ports. Echinorhynchus salmon is infected significantly more sculpins at PW and at FF than at MS and LD. There were several significant differences in the intensities and abundances of E. salmonis among ports. Acanthocephalus dirus significantly infected more sculpins and had significantly higher abundances at FF than at PW. MS, and LD. Echinorhynchus salmonis, A. dirus, and N. pungitius infected sticklebacks from SB. MS, and FF. Neoechinorhynchus pungitius significantly infected more sculpins and more sticklebacks, and it had significantly higher abundances at MS than at FF. Neoechinorhynchus pungitius was the most common acanthocephalan in C. cognatus and P. pungitius at MS. These acanthocephalan species infecting C. cognatus and P. pungitius corresponded in their occurrence to those organisms that serve as their intermediate hosts found in the stomachs of both fish species. Potential changes in the diet of C. cognatus played a role in significant differences found for E. salmonis and N. pungitius at MS. One of these acanthocephalan species was always the most numerous helminth species found in the digestive tracts of P. pungitius and C. cognatus from these Lake Michigan ports. C1 [Muzzall, Patrick M.; Lima, Michael; Gentile, Alex; Gunn, Jacob; Jones, Amanda; Morrison, Jamie] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [French, John R. P., III] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Muzzall, PM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM muzzall@msu.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 79 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 879VF UT WOS:000299360300004 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Welsh, SA Turk, PJ AF Smith, Dustin M. Welsh, Stuart A. Turk, Philip J. TI Available benthic habitat type may influence predation risk in larval lampreys SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article ID BROOK LAMPREY C1 [Smith, Dustin M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV USA. [Turk, Philip J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dsmith304wv@gmail.com NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 856IZ UT WOS:000297634700015 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Vazquez, JA Wooden, JL AF Bacon, Charles R. Vazquez, Jorge A. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Peninsular terrane basement ages recorded by Paleozoic and Paleoproterozoic zircon in gabbro xenoliths and andesite from Redoubt volcano, Alaska SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; YUKON-TANANA TERRANE; FE-TI OXIDES; DETRITAL ZIRCON; U-TH; 1989-1990 ERUPTION; MIOGEOCLINAL STRATA; MAGMATIC SYSTEM AB Historically active Redoubt volcano is an Aleutian arc basalt-to-dacite cone constructed upon the Jurassic Early Tertiary Alaska Aleutian Range batholith. The batholith intrudes the Peninsular tectonostratigraphic terrane, which is considered to have developed on oceanic basement and to have accreted to North America, possibly in Late Jurassic time. Xenoliths in Redoubt magmas have been thought to be modern cumulate gabbros and fragments of the batholith. However, new sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb ages for zircon from gabbro xenoliths from a late Pleistocene pyroclastic deposit are dominated by much older, ca. 310 Ma Pennsylvanian and ca. 1865 Ma Paleoproterozoic grains. Zircon age distributions and trace-element concentrations indicate that the ca. 310 Ma zircons date gabbroic intrusive rocks, and the ca. 1865 Ma zircons also are likely from igneous rocks in or beneath Peninsular terrane basement. The trace-element data imply that four of five Cretaceous Paleocene zircons, and Pennsylvanian low-U, low-Th zircons in one sample, grew from metamorphic or hydrothermal fluids. Textural evidence of xenocrysts and a dominant population of ca. 1865 Ma zircon in juvenile crystal-rich andesite from the same pyroclastic deposit show that this basement has been assimilated by Redoubt magma. Equilibration temperatures and oxygen fugacities indicated by Fe-Ti oxide minerals in the gabbros and crystal-rich andesite suggest sources near the margins of the Redoubt magmatic system, most likely in the magma accumulation and storage region currently outlined by seismicity and magma petrology at 4-10 km below sea level. Additionally, a partially melted gabbro from the 1990 eruption contains zircon with U-Pb ages between ca. 620 Ma and ca. 1705 Ma, as well as one zircon with a U-Th disequilibrium model age of 0 ka. The zircon ages demonstrate that Pennsylvanian, and probably Paleoproterozoic, igneous rocks exist in, or possibly beneath, Peninsular terrane basement. Discovery of Pennsylvanian gabbro similar in age to Skolai arc plutons 500 km to the northeast indicates that the Peninsular terrane, along with the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes, has been part of the Wrangellia composite terrane since at least Pennsylvanian time. Moreover, the zircon data suggest that a Paleoproterozoic continental fragment may be present in the mid-to-upper crust in southern Alaska. C1 [Bacon, Charles R.; Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bacon, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbacon@usgs.gov FU Alaska Volcano Observatory FX We are grateful to Alison Till for sharing information on xenolith localities discovered during her original geologic mapping of Redoubt volcano. We thank John Aleinikoff, Andy Barth, Luke Beranek, Dwight Bradley, Cynthia Dusel-Bacon, Bob Gillis, Bill McClelland, Chris Nye, George Plafker, Tom Sisson, and Rick Stanley for discussions of Alaskan geology and guidance in identifying zircon source terranes. Comments and suggestions by John Aleinikoff, Dwight Bradley, and Michelle Coombs on the original manuscript helped us to clarify reasoning and presentation. Reviews by Wes Wallace, Axel Schmitt, and Associate Editor Jeff Amato provided much-appreciated direction in documenting the tectonic significance of the zircon ages and led to substantial improvement in the manuscript. Renee Pillers separated zircon. Brad Ito kept the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) functioning well. Heather Bleick provided electron microprobe analyses. Chris Nye contributed the xenolith from the 1990 eruption. The other samples were collected by Bacon in 2008 with help from Michelle Coombs during geologic mapping led by Kate Bull and supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program through the Alaska Volcano Observatory. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1130/B30439.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 871FA UT WOS:000298722100002 ER PT J AU Hicke, JA Allen, CD Desai, AR Dietze, MC Hall, RJ Hogg, EH Kashian, DM Moore, D Raffa, KF Sturrock, RN Vogelmann, J AF Hicke, Jeffrey A. Allen, Craig D. Desai, Ankur R. Dietze, Michael C. Hall, Ronald J. Hogg, Edward H. (Ted) Kashian, Daniel M. Moore, David Raffa, Kenneth F. Sturrock, Rona N. Vogelmann, James TI Effects of biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling in the United States and Canada SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycling; disturbances; insects; pathogens ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; BEECH BARK DISEASE; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; SWISS NEEDLE CAST; ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB Forest insects and pathogens are major disturbance agents that have affected millions of hectares in North America in recent decades, implying significant impacts to the carbon (C) cycle. Here, we review and synthesize published studies of the effects of biotic disturbances on forest C cycling in the United States and Canada. Primary productivity in stands was reduced, sometimes considerably, immediately following insect or pathogen attack. After repeated growth reductions caused by some insects or pathogens or a single infestation by some bark beetle species, tree mortality occurred, altering productivity and decomposition. In the years following disturbance, primary productivity in some cases increased rapidly as a result of enhanced growth by surviving vegetation, and in other cases increased slowly because of lower forest regrowth. In the decades following tree mortality, decomposition increased as a result of the large amount of dead organic matter. Net ecosystem productivity decreased immediately following attack, with some studies reporting a switch to a C source to the atmosphere, and increased afterward as the forest regrew and dead organic matter decomposed. Large variability in C cycle responses arose from several factors, including type of insect or pathogen, time since disturbance, number of trees affected, and capacity of remaining vegetation to increase growth rates following outbreak. We identified significant knowledge gaps, including limited understanding of carbon cycle impacts among different biotic disturbance types (particularly pathogens), their impacts at landscape and regional scales, and limited capacity to predict disturbance events and their consequences for carbon cycling. We conclude that biotic disturbances can have major impacts on forest C stocks and fluxes and can be large enough to affect regional C cycling. However, additional research is needed to reduce the uncertainties associated with quantifying biotic disturbance effects on the North American C budget. C1 [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Desai, Ankur R.; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dietze, Michael C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hall, Ronald J.; Hogg, Edward H. (Ted)] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Moore, David] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sturrock, Rona N.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Vogelmann, James] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jhicke@uidaho.edu RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Moore, David/A-6268-2013; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; OI Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Hogg, Ted/0000-0002-6198-0124; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; USFS Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center; National Institute for Climate Change Research; DOE; Idaho NSF EPSCoR; NSF DEB [0816541]; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Resources Canada FX We gratefully acknowledge the comments of several anonymous reviewers as well as Nate McDowell, Steve Edburg, and Arjan Meddens that improved this manuscript. We also thank Eric Kasischke, University of Maryland, for organizing the North American Carbon Program disturbance synthesis. Jeanine Paschke of Sanborn/USFS Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team provided the data shown in Fig. 2. This work was supported in part by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative, USFS Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, National Institute for Climate Change Research, DOE, and Idaho NSF EPSCoR to JAH, and an NSF DEB grant 0816541 to KR. RH was supported by the Canadian Space Agency and Natural Resources Canada. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 240 TC 163 Z9 168 U1 19 U2 216 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 7 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02543.x PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 869LG UT WOS:000298598900003 ER PT J AU Rotella, JJ Link, WA Chambert, T Stauffer, GE Garrott, RA AF Rotella, Jay J. Link, William A. Chambert, Thierry Stauffer, Glenn E. Garrott, Robert A. TI Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30 years of mark-recapture data SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; environmental canalization; Leptonychotes weddellii; marine mammal; pinniped; population dynamics ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; LIFE-HISTORIES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MCMURDO-SOUND AB 1. Life-history theory predicts that those vital rates that make larger contributions to population growth rate ought to be more strongly buffered against environmental variability than are those that are less important. Despite the importance of the theory for predicting demographic responses to changes in the environment, it is not yet known how pervasive demographic buffering is in animal populations because the validity of most existing studies has been called into question because of methodological deficiencies. 2. We tested for demographic buffering in the southern-most breeding mammal population in the world using data collected from 5558 known-age female Weddell seals over 30 years. We first estimated all vital rates simultaneously with mark-recapture analysis and then estimated process variance and covariance in those rates using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We next calculated the population growth rate's sensitivity to changes in each of the vital rates and tested for evidence of demographic buffering by comparing properly scaled values of sensitivity and process variance in vital rates. 3. We found evidence of positive process covariance between vital rates, which indicates that all vital rates are affected in the same direction by changes in annual environment. Despite the positive correlations, we found strong evidence that demographic buffering occurred through reductions in variation in the vital rates to which population growth rate was most sensitive. Process variation in vital rates was inversely related to sensitivity measures such that variation was greatest in breeding probabilities, intermediate for survival rates of young animals and lowest for survival rates of older animals. 4. Our work contributes to a small but growing set of studies that have used rigorous methods on long-term, detailed data to investigate demographic responses to environmental variation. The information from these studies improves our understanding of life-history evolution in stochastic environments and provides useful information for predicting population responses to future environmental change. Our results for an Antarctic apex predator also provide useful baselines from a marine ecosystem when its top-and middle-trophic levels were not substantially impacted by human activity. C1 [Rotella, Jay J.; Chambert, Thierry; Stauffer, Glenn E.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rotella, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rotella@montana.edu OI Chambert, Thierry/0000-0002-9450-9080 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [DEB-0635739]; NSF; Raytheon Polar Services Company; Antarctic Support Associates; United States Navy and Air Force; Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated FX We thank the many individuals who have worked on projects associated with the Erebus Bay Weddell seal population since the 1960s. We thank J. D. Nichols for helpful suggestions during analysis, and we thank D. B. Siniff for discussions that improved this manuscript. We are grateful to J.-M. Gaillard, J. D. Nichols and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The project was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (grant no. DEB-0635739 to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, and D. B. Siniff) and prior NSF grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff and J. W. Testa. Logistical support for fieldwork in Antarctica was provided by Raytheon Polar Services Company, Antarctic Support Associates, the United States Navy and Air Force, and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. Animal handling protocol was approved by Montana State University's Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #41-05). NR 88 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 859BO UT WOS:000297849300017 PM 21939440 ER PT J AU Rideout, BA Stalis, I Papendick, R Pessier, A Puschner, B Finkelstein, ME Smith, DR Johnson, M Mace, M Stroud, R Brandt, J Burnett, J Parish, C Petterson, J Witte, C Stringfield, C Orr, K Zuba, J Wallace, M Grantham, J AF Rideout, Bruce A. Stalis, Ilse Papendick, Rebecca Pessier, Allan Puschner, Birgit Finkelstein, Myra E. Smith, Donald R. Johnson, Matthew Mace, Michael Stroud, Richard Brandt, Joseph Burnett, Joe Parish, Chris Petterson, Jim Witte, Carmel Stringfield, Cynthia Orr, Kathy Zuba, Jeff Wallace, Mike Grantham, Jesse TI PATTERNS OF MORTALITY IN FREE-RANGING CALIFORNIA CONDORS (GYMNOGYPS CALIFORNIANUS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California Condor; Cathartidae; lead toxicosis; mortality; pathology; reintroduction ID LEAD TOXICITY; LIVER; VULTURES; COPPER; CALVES; JUNK; AGE AB We document causes of death in free-ranging California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) from the inception of the reintroduction program in 1992 through December 2009 to identify current and historic mortality factors that might interfere with establishment of self-sustaining populations in the wild. A total of 135 deaths occurred from October 1992 (the first post-release death) through December 2009, from a maximum population-at-risk of 352 birds, for a cumulative crude mortality rate of 38%. A definitive cause of death was determined for 76 of the 98 submitted cases, 70% (53/76) of which were attributed to anthropogenic causes. Trash ingestion was the most important mortality factor in nestlings (proportional mortality rate [PMR] 73%; 8/11.), while lead toxicosis was the most important factor in juveniles (PMR 26%; 13/50) and adults (PM R 67%; 10/15). These results demonstrate that the leading causes of death at all California Condor release sites are anthropogenic. The mortality factors thought to be important in the decline of the historic California Condor population, particularly lead poisoning, remain the most important documented mortality factors today. Without effective mitigation, these factors can be expected to have the same effects on the sustainability of the wild populations as they have in the past. C1 [Rideout, Bruce A.; Stalis, Ilse; Papendick, Rebecca; Pessier, Allan; Witte, Carmel] San Diego Zoo Global, Wildlife Dis Labs, Inst Conservat Res, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Puschner, Birgit] Univ Calif Davis, Toxicol Lab, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Finkelstein, Myra E.; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mace, Michael] San Diego Zoo Safari Pk, Bird Dept, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Stroud, Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR USA. [Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Condor Recovery Program, Ventura, CA 93005 USA. [Burnett, Joe] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [Parish, Chris] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Petterson, Jim] Natl Pk Serv, Paicines, CA 95043 USA. [Stringfield, Cynthia] Moorpark Coll, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. [Zuba, Jeff] San Diego Zoo Safari Pk, Vet Serv, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Orr, Kathy] Phoenix Zoo, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Wallace, Mike] San Diego Zoo Global, Appl Anim Ecol, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Grantham, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Condor Recovery Program, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Rideout, BA (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Global, Wildlife Dis Labs, Inst Conservat Res, POB 120551, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. EM brideout@sandiegozoo.org OI Puschner, Birgit/0000-0001-6765-5085 FU Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global FX We thank the Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, for funding this study and the many pathologists and veterinarians who have volunteered time to support the California Condor recovery program. We acknowledge the contributions of the many dedicated field biologists, pathology technicians, veterinary technicians, clinical laboratory technicians, and support staff that made this work possible. We specifically thank Robert Risebrough for access to unpublished data and helpful comments on the manuscript; April Gorow, Julie Albright, Marc Hammond, Yvonne Cates, Jamie Koyama, and Julie Medlock for technical and administrative assistance; and Ken Convey and Devon Lang for map preparation. Any use of trade or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 94 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800011 PM 22247378 ER PT J AU Tseng, M Fleetwood, M Reed, A Gill, VA Harris, RK Moeller, RB Lipscomb, TP Mazet, JAK Goldstein, T AF Tseng, Marion Fleetwood, Michelle Reed, Aimee Gill, Verena A. Harris, R. Keith Moeller, Robert B. Lipscomb, Thomas P. Mazet, Jonna A. K. Goldstein, Tracey TI Mustelid Herpesvirus-2, a Novel Herpes Infection in Northern Se Otters (Enhydra Lutris Kenyoni) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Enhydra lutris kenyoni; herpesvirus; northern sea otter; polymerase chain reaction ID MELES-MELES; POPULATION; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; ALASKA AB Oral ulcerations and plaques with epithelial eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed in northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) that died or were admitted for rehabilitation after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) in Alaska, USA. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of herpesviral virions. Additionally, a serologic study from 2004 to 2005 found a high prevalence of exposure to a herpesvirus in live-captured otters. Tissues from 29 otters after the EVOS and nasal swabs from 8:3 live-captured otters in the Kodiak Archipelago were tested for herpesviral DNA. Analysis identified a novel herpesvirus in the gamma subfamily, most closely related to Mustelid herpesvirus-1 from badgers. Results indicated that this herpesvirus is associated with ulcerative lesions but is also commonly found in secretions of healthy northern sea otters. C1 [Tseng, Marion; Reed, Aimee; Mazet, Jonna A. K.; Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fleetwood, Michelle; Harris, R. Keith; Moeller, Robert B.; Lipscomb, Thomas P.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Goldstein, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis FX Funds for this study were provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and to A.R. through the S.T.A.R. (Students Training in Advanced Research) Program in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Live captures were conducted under Division of Management Authority, US Fish and Wildlife Service permits MA041309-2 and MA740507-2. Sincere thanks to personnel from the UC Davis Marine Ecosystem Health Diagnostic and Surveillance Laboratory, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey, Alaska Sea Life Center, and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800021 PM 22247388 ER PT J AU Pikula, J Bandouchova, H Novotny, L Meteyer, CU Zukal, J Irwin, NR Zima, J Martinkova, N AF Pikula, Jiri Bandouchova, Hana Novotny, Ladislav Meteyer, Carol U. Zukal, Jan Irwin, Nancy R. Zima, Jan Martinkova, Natalia TI Histopathology Confirms White-Nose Syndrome in Bats in Europe SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Geomyces destructans; geomycosis; histopathology; Myotis myotis; white-nose syndrome ID EMERGING DISEASE AB White-nose syndrome, associated with the fungal skin infection geomycosis, caused regional population collapse in bats in North America. Our results, based on histopathology, show the presence of white-nose syndrome in Europe. Dermatohistopathology on two bats (Myotis myotis) found dead in March 2010 with geomycosis in the Czech Republic had characteristics resembling Geomyces destructans infection in bats confirmed with white-nose syndrome in US hibernacula. In addition, a live M. myotis, biopsied for histopathology during hibernation in April 2011, had typical fungal infection with cupping erosion and invasion of muzzle skin diagnostic for white-nose syndrome and conidiospores identical to G. destructans that were genetically confirmed as G. destructans. C1 [Zukal, Jan; Zima, Jan; Martinkova, Natalia] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Vvi, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. [Pikula, Jiri; Bandouchova, Hana; Novotny, Ladislav] Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Brno 61242, Czech Republic. [Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Zukal, Jan] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. [Irwin, Nancy R.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Martinkova, Natalia] Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. RP Martinkova, N (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Vvi, Kvetna 8, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic. EM martinkova@ivb.cz RI Martinkova, Natalia/C-2939-2008; Irwin, Nancy/G-2297-2012; Zukal, Jan/G-1180-2014; Zima, Jan/G-1118-2011 OI Martinkova, Natalia/0000-0003-4556-4363; Zukal, Jan/0000-0003-4967-6880; FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [MSM 6215712402, MSM 0021622416, LC06073] FX Material from the Byci skala cave was provided by Vlastislav Kana in 2010. We thank Paul A. Racey, Maja Rutten, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Projects MSM 6215712402, MSM 0021622416, LC06073). The research was conducted in accordance with following permits: 35335/ENV/06-2793/620/06, 00163/MK/2009, S01389/MK/2008,142/2010, 169/2011. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800026 PM 22247393 ER PT J AU Milani, JF Wilson, H Ziccardi, M LeFebvre, R Scott, C AF Milani, Juliana F. Wilson, Heather Ziccardi, Michael LeFebvre, Rance Scott, Cheryl TI Hematology, Plasma Chemistry, and Bacteriology of Wild Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus) in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Cygnus columbianus; enteric bacteria; Escherichia coli; hematology; plasma biochemistry; Salmonella; Tundra Swan ID ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; ADULT; SEX; AGE AB Blood and cloacal swabs were collected from 100 (66 female, 34 male) wild Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus) molting in northwestern Alaska, USA, 25-28 July 2008, to establish hematologic and serum chemistry reference values and to isolate enteric Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Plasma biochemistry and hematology values did not vary significantly by sex or age. Tundra swans had high levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase compared with some other avian species (values were up to 7 times greater), possibly indicating capture myopathy. However, concentrations were much lower (up to 8 times lower) than in other waterfowl exposed to similar or more intensive capture methods. White blood cell count and hematocrit values were similar to other waterfowl species, and enteric Salmonella spp. and E. coli 0157:H7 were not present among birds sampled. Our data provide the first biochemical, hematologic, and bacteriologic reference values for wild Tundra Swans. C1 [Wilson, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Milani, Juliana F.; Ziccardi, Michael; LeFebvre, Rance; Scott, Cheryl] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wilson, H (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM heather_wilson@fws.gov FU Calvin Schwabe One Health Project; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge (Region 7, Alaska); University of California, Davis FX Support for this project was provided by the Calvin Schwabe One Health Project; the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management and Selawik National Wildlife Refuge (Region 7, Alaska); and the MPVM Program at the University of California, Davis. Ian Gardner and Scott Ford provided valuable guidance, and Alaska USFWS biologists and the UC Davis Microbiology Laboratory (especially P. Chen and H. Van Hoosear) provided valuable support in collecting and analyzing samples. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800027 PM 22247394 ER PT J AU Burco, J Myers, AM Schuler, K Gillin, C AF Burco, Julia Myers, Anne Mary Schuler, Krysten Gillin, Colin TI Acute Lead Toxicosis via Ingestion of Spent Ammunition in a Free-Ranging Cougar (Puma concolor) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; MAMMALS AB Lead toxicity has long been documented and acknowledged as a significant health issue of water birds and avian scavengers. However, few instances of toxic effects to higher mammalian carnivores have been documented. Here we present an acute case of lead toxicity in a free-ranging cougar (Puma concolor) in Oregon. C1 [Burco, Julia; Myers, Anne Mary; Gillin, Colin] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, S Willamette Watershed Dist Off, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Schuler, Krysten] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Burco, J (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, S Willamette Watershed Dist Off, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Julia.D.Burco@state.or.us NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 876VW UT WOS:000299136800028 PM 22247395 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Miles, AK Murray, M Haulena, M Tuttle, J Van Bonn, W Adams, L Bodkin, JL Ballachey, B Estes, J Tinker, T Keister, R Stott, JL AF Bowen, Lizabeth Miles, A. Keith Murray, Michael Haulena, Martin Tuttle, Judy Van Bonn, William Adams, Lance Bodkin, James L. Ballachey, Brenda Estes, James Tinker, Tim Keister, Robin Stott, Jeffrey L. TI Gene transcription in sea otters (Enhydra lutris); development of a diagnostic tool for sea otter and ecosystem health SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE diagnostics; gene transcript; marine ecosystem health; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; sea otter ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; C FUEL-OIL; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; BLOOD; ORGANOCHLORINES AB Gene transcription analysis for diagnosing or monitoring wildlife health requires the ability to distinguish pathophysiological change from natural variation. Herein, we describe methodology for the development of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to measure differential transcript levels of multiple immune function genes in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris); sea otter-specific qPCR primer sequences for the genes of interest are defined. We establish a reference range of transcripts for each gene in a group of clinically healthy captive and free-ranging sea otters. The 10 genes of interest represent multiple physiological systems that play a role in immuno-modulation, inflammation, cell protection, tumour suppression, cellular stress response, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and cellcell adhesion. The cycle threshold (CT) measures for most genes were normally distributed; the complement cytolysis inhibitor was the exception. The relative enumeration of multiple gene transcripts in simple peripheral blood samples expands the diagnostic capability currently available to assess the health of sea otters in situ and provides a better understanding of the state of their environment. C1 [Bowen, Lizabeth; Miles, A. Keith; Tinker, Tim; Keister, Robin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. [Murray, Michael] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Haulena, Martin] Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada. [Tuttle, Judy] Oregon Coast Museum, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Van Bonn, William] Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Adams, Lance] Aquarium Pacific, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Bodkin, James L.; Ballachey, Brenda] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Estes, James] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stott, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. EM lbowen@usgs.gov RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 OI Van Bonn, William/0000-0001-5309-3595; FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of M. Viens, Registered Veterinary Technician. Samples were provided by the aquaria under the expressed permission of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and under the Animal Care Committee protocols established at each of the aquaria; samples were received from Canada under CITES permit CA10FONHQ0016. Mention of trade names or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The research described in this study was supported by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions of the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the view or position of the Trustee Council. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03060.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 869GF UT WOS:000298585000007 PM 21848762 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, J. A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI GONe: Software for estimating effective population size in species with generational overlap SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bias; effective population size; genetic drift; Jorde-Ryman method; overlapping generations; temporal method ID ALLELE FREQUENCY; GENETIC DRIFT; EXTINCTION; WILD AB GONe is a user-friendly, Windows-based program for estimating effective size (Ne) in populations with overlapping generations. It uses the JordeRyman modification to the temporal method to account for age structure in populations. This method requires estimates of age-specific survival and birth rate and allele frequencies measured in two or more consecutive cohorts. Allele frequencies are acquired by reading in genotypic data from files formatted for either GENEPOP or TEMPOFS. For each interval between consecutive cohorts, Ne is estimated at each locus and over all loci. Furthermore, Ne estimates are output for three different genetic drift estimators (Fs, Fc and Fk). Confidence intervals are derived from a chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the number of independent alleles. GONe has been validated over a wide range of Ne values, and for scenarios where survival and birth rates differ between sexes, sex ratios are unequal and reproductive variances differ. GONe is freely available for download at . C1 [Coombs, J. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Coombs, J. A.; Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03057.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 869GF UT WOS:000298585000019 PM 21827640 ER PT J AU Rode, KD Peacock, E Taylor, M Stirling, I Born, EW Laidre, KL Wiig, O AF Rode, Karyn D. Peacock, Elizabeth Taylor, Mitchell Stirling, Ian Born, Erik W. Laidre, Kristin L. Wiig, Oystein TI A tale of two polar bear populations: ice habitat, harvest, and body condition SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Body size; Climate change; Morphometrics; Population density; Sea ice; Ursus maritimus ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE; SIZE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DEMOGRAPHY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS AB One of the primary mechanisms by which sea ice loss is expected to affect polar bears is via reduced body condition and growth resulting from reduced access to prey. To date, negative effects of sea ice loss have been documented for two of 19 recognized populations. Effects of sea ice loss on other polar bear populations that differ in harvest rate, population density, and/or feeding ecology have been assumed, but empirical support, especially quantitative data on population size, demography, and/or body condition spanning two or more decades, have been lacking. We examined trends in body condition metrics of captured bears and relationships with summertime ice concentration between 1977 and 2010 for the Baffin Bay (BB) and Davis Strait (DS) polar bear populations. Polar bears in these regions occupy areas with annual sea ice that has decreased markedly starting in the 1990s. Despite differences in harvest rate, population density, sea ice concentration, and prey base, polar bears in both populations exhibited positive relationships between body condition and summertime sea ice cover during the recent period of sea ice decline. Furthermore, females and cubs exhibited relationships with sea ice that were not apparent during the earlier period (1977-1990s) when sea ice loss did not occur. We suggest that declining body condition in BB may be a result of recent declines in sea ice habitat. In DS, high population density and/or sea ice loss, may be responsible for the declines in body condition. C1 [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Taylor, Mitchell] Lakehead Univ, Fac Sci & Environm Studies, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Born, Erik W.; Laidre, Kristin L.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM karyn_rode@fws.gov RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Government of Nunavut; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Makivik Corporation; Canadian Polar Continental Shelf Project; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; Canadian Wildlife Service; Danish Ministry of the Environment; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; University of Oslo; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for field work and data collection were provided by the Government of Nunavut (before 1999, the Government of the Northwest Territories), Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, Makivik Corporation, Canadian Polar Continental Shelf Project, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canadian Wildlife Service, The Danish Ministry of the Environment, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, and the University of Oslo. Funding for data analysis was provided by the Government of Nunavut and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service or The Danish Ministry of the Environment. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 144 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 EI 1438-390X J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10144-011-0299-9 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861WS UT WOS:000298051200002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Ralstony, BE AF Kennedy, Theodore A. Ralstony, Barbara E. TI Regulation leads to increases in riparian vegetation, but not direct allochthonous inputs, along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE allochthonous; organic matter budget; river regulation; Glen Canyon Dam; Colorado River; Grand Canyon; remote sensing ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; FLOW REGULATION; DESERT STREAM; UNITED-STATES; USA; TAMARIX; LITTER; GROWTH; CARBON AB Dams and associated river regulation have led to the expansion of riparian vegetation, especially nonnative species, along downstream ecosystems. Nonnative saltcedar is one of the dominant riparian plants along virtually every major river system in the arid western United States, but allochthonous inputs have never been quantified along a segment of a large river that is dominated by saltcedar. We developed a novel method for estimating direct allochthonous inputs along the 387?km-long reach of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam that utilized a GIS vegetation map developed from aerial photographs, empirical and literature-derived litter production data for the dominant vegetation types, and virtual shorelines of annual peak discharge (566?m3?s-1 stage elevation). Using this method, we estimate that direct allochthonous inputs from riparian vegetation for the entire reach studied total 186?metric tons?year-1, which represents mean inputs of 470?gAFDM?m-1?year-1 of shoreline or 5.17?gAFDM?m-2?year-1 of river surface. These values are comparable to allochthonous inputs for other large rivers and systems that also have sparse riparian vegetation. Nonnative saltcedar represents a significant component of annual allochthonous inputs (36% of total direct inputs) in the Colorado River. We also estimated direct allochthonous inputs for 46.8?km of the Colorado River prior to closure of Glen Canyon Dam using a vegetation map that was developed from historical photographs. Regulation has led to significant increases in riparian vegetation (270319% increase in cover, depending on stage elevation), but annual allochthonous inputs appear unaffected by regulation because of the lower flood peaks on the post-dam river. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kennedy, Theodore A.; Ralstony, Barbara E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tkennedy@usgs.gov OI Ralston, Barbara/0000-0001-9991-8994 FU Bureau of Reclamation FX Funding for this research was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. We thank Matthew Andersen, Emma Rosi-Marshall and Wyatt Cross for critically reviewing earlier versions of this paper. We also thank Carol Fritzinger for logistical support during field operations. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1002/rra.1431 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 872GR UT WOS:000298797800001 ER PT J AU Callegary, JB Ferre, TPA Groom, RW AF Callegary, James B. Ferre, Ty P. A. Groom, R. W. TI Three-Dimensional Sensitivity Distribution and Sample Volume of Low-Induction-Number Electromagnetic-Induction Instruments SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEPTH; INVERSION; MODEL AB There is an ongoing effort to improve the understanding of the correlation of soil properties with apparent soil electrical conductivity as measured by low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction (LIN FEM) instruments. At a minimum, the dimensions of LIN FEM instruments' sample volume, the spatial distribution of sensitivity within that volume, and implications for surveying and analyses must be clearly defined and discussed. Therefore, a series of numerical simulations was done in which a conductive perturbation was moved systematically through homogeneous soil to elucidate the three-dimensional sample volume of LIN FEM instruments. For a small perturbation with electrical conductivity similar to that of the soil, instrument response is a measure of local sensitivity (LS). Our results indicate that LS depends strongly on the orientation of the instrument's transmitter and receiver coils and includes regions of both positive and negative LS. Integration of the absolute value of LS from highest to lowest was used to contour cumulative sensitivity (CS). The 90% CS contour was used to define the sample volume. For both horizontal and vertical coplanar coil orientations, the longest dimension of the sample volume was at the surface along the main instrument axis with a length of about four times the intercoil spacing (s) with maximum thicknesses of about 1 and 0.3 s, respectively. The imaged distribution of spatial sensitivity within the sample volume is highly complex and should be considered in conjunction with the expected scale of heterogeneity before the use and interpretation of LIN FEM for mapping and profiling. C1 [Callegary, James B.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ferre, Ty P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dep Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Groom, R. W.] PetRos EiKon Inc, Orangeville, ON L9W 5G2, Canada. RP Callegary, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jcallega@usg.gov OI Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 07-53521] FX This material provided by Dr. Ferre is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR 07-53521 awarded to the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science to support the HydroGeophysics Measurement Facility. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0003 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 877ZC UT WOS:000299220200009 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Laing, KJ Winton, JR AF Purcell, Maureen K. Laing, Kerry J. Winton, James R. TI Immunity to Fish Rhabdoviruses SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE novirhabdovirus; interferon; cell-mediated immunity; neutralizing antibody; immune evasion; non-virion; apoptosis; persistent infections; host-cell shutoff ID INFECTIOUS-HEMATOPOIETIC-NECROSIS; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; COMPLETE GENOMIC SEQUENCE; HOST GENE-EXPRESSION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; NK-LIKE CELLS AB Members of the family Rhabdoviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses and globally important pathogens of wild and cultured fish and thus relatively well studied in their respective hosts or other model systems. Here, we review the protective immune mechanisms that fish mount in response to rhabdovirus infections. Teleost fish possess the principal components of innate and adaptive immunity found in other vertebrates. Neutralizing antibodies are critical for long-term protection from fish rhabdoviruses, but several studies also indicate a role for cell-mediated immunity. Survival of acute rhabdoviral infection is also dependent on innate immunity, particularly the interferon (IFN) system that is rapidly induced in response to infection. Paradoxically, rhabdoviruses are sensitive to the effects of IFN but virulent rhabdoviruses can continue to replicate owing to the abilities of the matrix (M) protein to mediate host-cell shutoff and the non-virion (NV) protein to subvert programmed cell death and suppress functional IFN. While many basic features of the fish immune response to rhabdovirus infections are becoming better understood, much less is known about how factors in the environment affect the ecology of rhabdovirus infections in natural populations of aquatic animals. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laing, Kerry J.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov; klaing@fhcrc.org; jwinton@usgs.gov RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008; OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 200 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 140 EP 166 DI 10.3390/v4010140 PG 27 WC Virology SC Virology GA 882DS UT WOS:000299542400007 PM 22355456 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Herman, JS AF Rice, Karen C. Herman, Janet S. TI Acidification of Earth: An assessment across mechanisms and scales SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; LONG-TERM CHANGES; MINE DRAINAGE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AB In this review article, anthropogenic activities that cause acidification of Earth's air, waters, and soils are examined. Although there are many mechanisms of acidification, the focus is on the major ones, including emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and smelting of ores, mining of coal and metal ores, and application of nitrogen fertilizer to soils, by elucidating the underlying biogeochemical reactions as well as assessing the magnitude of the effects. These widespread activities have resulted in (1) increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere that acidifies the oceans; (2) acidic atmospheric deposition that acidifies soils and bodies of freshwater; (3) acid mine drainage that acidifies bodies of freshwater and groundwaters; and (4) nitrification that acidifies soils. Although natural geochemical reactions of mineral weathering and ion exchange work to buffer acidification, the slow reaction rates or the limited abundance of reactant phases are overwhelmed by the onslaught of anthropogenic acid loading. Relatively recent modifications of resource extraction and usage in some regions of the world have begun to ameliorate local acidification, but expanding use of resources in other regions is causing environmental acidification in previously unnoticed places. World maps of coal consumption, Cu mining and smelting, and N fertilizer application are presented to demonstrate the complex spatial heterogeneity of resource consumption as well as the overlap in acidifying potential derived from distinctly different phenomena. Projected population increase by country over the next four decades indicates areas with the highest potential for acidification, so enabling anticipation and planning to offset or mitigate the deleterious environmental effects associated with these global shifts in the consumption of energy, mineral, and food resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Herman, Janet S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kcrice@usgs.gov; jherman@virginia.edu RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 171 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 11 U2 101 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.001 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600001 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Hines, ME Krabbenhoft, DP Thoms, B AF Gray, John E. Hines, Mark E. Krabbenhoft, David P. Thoms, Bryn TI Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; IDRIJA MERCURY MINE; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WASTE CALCINE; METHYLMERCURY; SPECIATION; WATER; FISH AB Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was > 1360 t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000 ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060 ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62 ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11-0.82 ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R-2 = 0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270 ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770 ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8 ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from < 0.02 to 0.22 ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gray, John E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hines, Mark E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Thoms, Bryn] Oregon Dept Environm Qual, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS); University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Oregon Department of Environmental Quality FX This study was funded by the US Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Massachusetts-Lowell, and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. John Dewild (USGS) provided Hg and methyl-Hg analyses of samples. Scott Grotheer and Travis Schmidt (USGS) identified the aquatic snails. Carma San Juan (USGS) assisted with graphics and drafting. We thank Suzette Morman and David Smith (USGS) and two anonymous reviewers for Applied Geochemistry for constructive comments that helped to improve the paper. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply an endorsement by the USGS. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600011 ER PT J AU Rissmann, C Christenson, B Werner, C Leybourne, M Cole, J Gravley, D AF Rissmann, Clinton Christenson, Bruce Werner, Cynthia Leybourne, Matthew Cole, Jim Gravley, Darren TI Surface heat flow and CO2 emissions within the Ohaaki hydrothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GEOTHERMAL AREA; ISLAND VOLCANO; SOIL CO2; SYSTEM; CHEMISTRY; CALIFORNIA; EFFLUXES; RATES AB Carbon dioxide emissions and heat flow have been determined from the Ohaaki hydrothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand following 20 a of production (116MW(e)). Soil CO2 degassing was quantified with 2663 CO2 flux measurements using the accumulation chamber method, and 2563 soil temperatures were measured and converted to equivalent heat flow (W m(-2)) using published soil temperature heat flow functions. Both CO2 flux and heat flow were analysed statistically and then modelled using 500 sequential Gaussian simulations. Forty subsoil CO2 gas samples were also analysed for stable C isotopes. Following 20 a of production, current CO2 emissions equated to 111 +/- 6.7 T/d. Observed heat flow was 70 +/- 6.4 MW, compared with a pre-production value of 122 MW. This 52MW reduction in surface heat flow is due to production-induced drying up of all alkali-Cl outflows (61.5 MW) and steamheated pools (8.6 MW) within the Ohaaki West thermal area (OHW). The drying up of all alkali-Cl outflows at Ohaaki means that the soil zone is now the major natural pathway of heat release from the hightemperature reservoir. On the other hand, a net gain in thermal ground heat flow of 18MW(from 25MW to 43.3 +/- 5 MW) at OHW is associated with permeability increases resulting from surface unit fracturing by production-induced ground subsidence. The Ohaaki East (OHE) thermal area showed no change in distribution of shallow and deep soil temperature contours despite 20 a of production, with an observed heat flow of 26.7 +/- 3 MW and a CO2 emission rate of 39 +/- 3 T/d. The negligible change in the thermal status of the OHE thermal area is attributed to the low permeability of the reservoir beneath this area, which has limited production (mass extraction) and sheltered the area from the pressure decline within the main reservoir. Chemistry suggests that although alkali-Cl outflows once contributed significantly to the natural surface heat flow (similar to 50%) they contributed little (< 1%) to pre-production CO2 emissions due to the loss of > 99% of the original CO2 content due to depressurisation and boiling as the fluids ascended to the surface. Consequently, the soil has persisted as the major (99%) pathway of CO2 release to the atmosphere from the high temperature reservoir at Ohaaki. The CO2 flux and heat flow surveys indicate that despite 20 a of production the variability in location, spatial extent and magnitude of CO2 flux remains consistent with established geochemical and geophysical models of the Ohaaki Field. At both OHW and OHE carbon isotopic analyses of soil gas indicate a two-stage fractionation process for moderate- flux (> 60 g m-2 d-1) sites; boiling during fluid ascent within the underlying reservoir and isotopic enrichment as CO2 diffuses through porous media of the soil zone. For high-flux sites (> 300 g m(-2) d(-1)), the d (CO2)-C-13 signature (-7.4 +/- 0.3% OHW and -6.5 +/- 0.6% OHE) is unaffected by near-surface (soil zone) fractionation processes and reflects the composition of the boiled magmatic CO2 source for each respective upflow. Flux thresholds of < 30 g m(-2) d(-1) for purely diffusive gas transport, between 30 and 300 g m(-2) d(-1) for combined diffusive-advective transport, and P300 g m(-2) d(-1) for purely advective gas transport at Ohaaki wre assigned. delta(CO2)-C-13 values and cumulative probability plots of CO2 flux data both identified a threshold of similar to 15 g m(-2) d(-1) by which background (atmospheric and soil respired) CO2 may be differentiated from hydrothermal CO2. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rissmann, Clinton; Cole, Jim; Gravley, Darren] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Christenson, Bruce] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Werner, Cynthia] Cascades Volcano Observ, USGS, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Rissmann, C (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM clinton.rissmann@ES.govt.nz OI Leybourne, Matthew/0000-0002-2361-6014 FU Contact Energy; Mason Trust of University of Canterbury FX We thank the staff of the geothermal group at Contact Energy for access to the Ohaaki Field, logistical and field support and for critical review. Likewise we thank the staff of Wairakei GNS who donated generously of their time and experience and also aided in the maintenance and lease of field equipment, and provided access to detailed cross-sections and historical reports. We acknowledge Deborah Bergfeld and an anonymous party whose reviews greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Likewise Jerry Fairley, Steve Ingebritsen and Peter Kelly are gratefully acknowledged for comments and technical suggestions. Field assistance was provided by C. Rigg, M. Hughes, P. Chisholm, M. Ohnacker, and M. Fookes. The majority of funding for this project was provided by Contact Energy, with additional support from the Mason Trust Fund of the University of Canterbury. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.10.006 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600022 ER PT J AU Asta, MP Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB AF Asta, Maria P. Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Simultaneous oxidation of arsenic and antimony at low and circumneutral pH, with and without microbial catalysis SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IBERIAN PYRITE BELT; ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; SW SPAIN; NATURAL ATTENUATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATER SAMPLES; ODIEL RIVERS AB Arsenic and Sb are common mine-water pollutants and their toxicity and fate are strongly influenced by redox processes. In this study, simultaneous Fe(II), As(III) and Sb(III) oxidation experiments were conducted to obtain rates under laboratory conditions similar to those found in the field for mine waters of both low and circumneutral pH. Additional experiments were performed under abiotic sterile conditions to determine the biotic and abiotic contributions to the oxidation processes. The results showed that under abiotic conditions in aerated Fe(III)-H2SO4 solutions, Sb(III) oxidizes slightly faster than As(III). The oxidation rates of both elements were accelerated by increasing As(III), Sb(III), Fe(III), and Cl concentrations in the presence of light. For unfiltered circumneutral water from the Giant Mine (Yellowknife, NWT, Canada), As(III) oxidized at 15-78 mu mol/L/h whereas Sb(III) oxidized at 0.03-0.05 mu mol/L/h during microbial exponential growth. In contrast, As(III) and Sb(III) oxidation rates of 0.01-0.03 and 0.01-0.02 mu mol/L/h, respectively, were obtained in experiments performed with acid unfiltered mine waters from the Iberian Pyritic Belt (SW Spain). These results suggest that the Fe(III) formed from microbial oxidation abiotically oxidized As(III) and Sb(III). After sterile filtration of both mine water samples, neither As(III), Sb(III), nor Fe(II) oxidation was observed. Hence, under the experimental conditions, bacteria were catalyzing As and Sb oxidation in the Giant Mine waters and Fe oxidation in the acid waters of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Asta, Maria P.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Asta, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, 5200 N Lake Rd, Merced, CA 95343 USA. EM masta@ucmerced.edu FU Spanish Government [REN 2003-09590-C04-02] FX This research was partially funded by the Project REN 2003-09590-C04-02 from the Spanish Government. MPA was financially supported by the Spanish Government with a Ph.D. fellowship. We wish to express our gratitude to Javier Sanchez-Espana of the Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana (IGME) for providing the Iberian Pyritic Belt field samples and to Prof. Heather Jamieson, the Giant Mine staff, and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada for the opportunity to obtain microbial biofilm from the Giant Mine. We thank Patricia Acero and Kate Campbell for their constructive comments during the preparation and review of this manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Nat Wilson and an anonymous reviewer, to Associate Editor Jenny Webster-Brown and to Executive Editor Ron Fuge for their insightful comments. Any use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.002 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600027 ER PT J AU Conaway, CH Swarzenski, PW Cohen, AS AF Conaway, Christopher H. Swarzenski, Peter W. Cohen, Andrew S. TI Recent paleorecords document rising mercury contamination in Lake Tanganyika SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; EAST-AFRICA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GOLD; EMISSIONS; TANZANIA; BIOMASS AB Recent Lake Tanganyika Hg deposition records were derived using C-14 and excess Pb-210 geochronometers in sediment cores collected from two contrasting depositional environments: the Kalya Platform, located mid-lake and more removed from watershed impacts, and the Nyasanga/Kahama River delta region, located close to the lake's shoreline north of Kigoma. At the Kalya Platform area, pre-industrial Hg concentrations are 23 +/- 0.2 ng/g, increasing to 74 ng/g in modern surface sediment, and the Hg accumulation rate has increased from 1.0 to 7.2 mu g/m(2)/a from pre-industrial to present, which overall represents a 6-fold increase in Hg concentration and accumulation. At the Nyasanga/Kahama delta region, pre-industrial Hg concentrations are 20 +/- 3 ng/g, increasing to 46 ng/g in surface sediment. Mercury accumulation rate has increased from 30 to 70 mu g/m(2)/a at this site, representing a 2-3-fold increase in Hg concentration and accumulation. There is a lack of correlation between charcoal abundance and Hg accumulation rate in the sediment cores, demonstrating that local biomass burning has little relationship with the observed Hg concentration or Hg accumulation rates. Examined using a sediment focusing-corrected mass accumulation rate approach, the cores have similar anthropogenic atmospheric Hg deposition profiles, suggesting that after accounting for background sediment concentrations the source of accumulating Hg is predominantly atmospheric in origin. In summary, the data document an increase of Hg flux to the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem that is consistent with increasing watershed sediment delivery with background-level Hg contamination, and regional as well as global increases in atmospheric Hg deposition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Conaway, Christopher H.; Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cconaway@usgs.gov RI Conaway, Christopher/I-1077-2012 FU UNDP-GEF; NSF [ATM 0223920, BIO 0383765] FX Mercury analyses were conducted at Russ Flegal's laboratory at the University of California Santa Cruz. PWS graciously acknowledges continued support from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Geochronologies and mass sedimentation rates on core LT-98-58 were determined by Brent A. McKee and others. We thank James Russell, Chris Johnson and Jessica Tierney for providing data and assistance on lake sediment core MC1. We thank Kiram Lezzar, James McGill and the students of the Nyanza Project for assistance with core collection. The Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute and the Tanzanian Council of Science and Technology authorized and facilitated core collection. The Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project (UNDP-GEF) and the Nyanza Project (NSF-ATM 0223920 and BIO 0383765) provided funding for field research. Manuscript comments were provided by USGS reviewers Geoffrey Ellis, Peter Van Metre and John E. Gray. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.005 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600033 ER PT J AU Revesz, KM Breen, KJ Baldassare, AJ Burruss, RC AF Revesz, Kinga M. Breen, Kevin J. Baldassare, Alfred J. Burruss, Robert C. TI Carbon and hydrogen isotopic evidence for the origin of combustible gases in water-supply wells in north-central Pennsylvania (vol 25, pg 1845, 2010) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction ID NATURAL GASES; APPALACHIAN BASIN; METHANE OXIDATION; FRACTIONATION; ETHANE C1 [Revesz, Kinga M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Breen, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. [Baldassare, Alfred J.] Penn Dept Environm Protect, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 328, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Revesz, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM krevesz@usgs.gov; kjbreen@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.003 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 876LS UT WOS:000299109600034 ER PT J AU Olsson, AD Betancourt, J McClaran, MP Marsh, SE AF Olsson, Aaryn D. Betancourt, Julio McClaran, Mitchel P. Marsh, Stuart E. TI Sonoran Desert Ecosystem transformation by a C4 grass without the grass/fire cycle SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Buffelgrass; Cenchrus ciliaris; change point analysis; chronosequence; invasive species; Pennisetum ciliare; regression; succession ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; CENCHRUS-CILIARIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; MELINIS-MINUTIFLORA; PASTURE DEVELOPMENT; EXOTIC GRASSES; INVASIVE GRASS; FIRE CYCLE; VEGETATION; IMPACT AB Aim Biological invasions facilitate ecosystem transformation by altering the structure and function, diversity, dominance and disturbance regimes. A classic case is the grassfire cycle in which grass invasion increases the frequency, scale and/or intensity of wildfires and promotes the continued invasion of invasive grasses. Despite wide acceptance of the grassfire cycle, questions linger about the relative roles that interspecific plant competition and fire play in ecosystem transformations. Location Sonoran Desert Arizona Upland of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA. Methods We measured species cover, density and saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) size structure along gradients of Pennisetum ciliare invasion at 10 unburned/ungrazed P. ciliare patches. Regression models quantified differences in diversity, cover and density with respect to P. ciliare cover, and residence time and a Fisher's exact test detected demographic changes in saguaro populations. Because P. ciliare may have initially invaded locations that were both more invasible and less diverse, we ran analyses with and without the plots in which initial infestations were located. Results Richness and diversity decreased with P. ciliare cover as did cover and density of most dominant species. Richness and diversity declined with increasing time since invasion, suggesting an ongoing transformation. The proportion of old-to-young Carnegiea gigantea was significantly lower in plots with dominant P. ciliare cover. Main conclusions Rich desert scrub (15-25 species per plot) was transformed into depauperate grassland (2-5 species per plot) within 20 years following P. ciliare invasion without changes to the fire regime. While the onset of a grass-fire cycle may drive ecosystem change in the later stages and larger scales of grass invasions of arid lands, competition by P. ciliare can drive small-scale transformations earlier in the invasion. Linking competition-induced transformation rates with spatially explicit models of spread may be necessary for predicting landscape-level impacts on ecosystem processes in advance of a grass-fire cycle. C1 [Olsson, Aaryn D.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Olsson, Aaryn D.; McClaran, Mitchel P.; Marsh, Stuart E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Betancourt, Julio] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Olsson, AD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, POB 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM aaryno@gmail.com FU USDA-ERS [58-7000-6-0083]; Pima County; DS-CESU [AZDS-223] FX ADO thanks the numerous friends, family and colleagues who assisted with fieldwork, including PJD, EKD, LJK, JFO, DLL, JNL, JDM, CH, TC, and CH. BJO, GMC, TB and SB helped with experimental design. USGS (JLB) purchased much of the imagery for this project. Additional imagery was provided freely by Pima Association of Governments and the Arizona Regional Image Archive (http://aria.arizona.edu). This project was partially funded by USDA-ERS Grant # 58-7000-6-0083, while the aerial mapping was funded by Pima County and DS-CESU Grant # AZDS-223. Thanks to TB and TH, as well as three anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00825.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 857CW UT WOS:000297693300002 ER PT J AU Bouabdellah, M Sangster, DF Leach, DL Brown, AC Johnson, CA Emsbo, P AF Bouabdellah, Mohammed Sangster, Donald F. Leach, David L. Brown, Alex C. Johnson, Craig A. Emsbo, Poul TI Genesis of the Touissit-Bou Beker Mississippi Valley-Type District (Morocco-Algeria) and Its Relationship to the Africa-Europe Collision SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; CL-BR SYSTEMATICS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; NORTHEASTERN MOROCCO; MINERALIZING BRINES; ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS; OUJDA MOUNTAINS; EASTERN MOROCCO; OUED-MEKTA; DEPOSITS AB The Mississippi Valley-type deposits of the Touissit-Boii Beker district are hosted by a 25 in diick sequence of diagenetically and hydrothermally dolomitized carbonate plat fOrm rocks of Attlenian-Bajocian age. fide mineralization consists principally of galena and sphaleritc and occurs its open-space fillings of voids and moderate 10 massive replacement of the medium- to coarse-grained host dolostone. Five types of dolomite have been distinguished, two of winch (D(1), and D(2)) are of replacement origin, whereas HD(1), HD(2), HD(3) occm-ring tts Open-space filling itre of hydrothermal tffili tt on I till ore controls include strtitigrtiphy and lithology, carbonate (iissolution, paleogeography, faults or faulted rocks, and availability of organic matter. Fluid inclusion data, along with Na-C1-Br leachatc, indicate that the ore-lOrtning fluids correspond to evolved NaCl-CaCl(2)-KCl-MgCl(2) basin-derived hot (100 degrees +/- 20 degrees C) saline brines (>20 wt % NaCl equiv) that acquired their higli salinities and Ca/Na ratios through evaporation of seawater, tun' subse(pielit dolomitization and fluid-rock interactions. Stable isotope data fOr replacement :cud hydrothermal dolomites are tightly clustered and overlapping, with 6180 imd. 613 degrees C values from 20.5 to 21.2 and 0.2 to 0.7 parts per thousand, respectively. Similarly, sulfides yield 634S values between 11.2 and 1.9%0, W1 IC reati those corresponding to the nearby Triassic g)7psum chister yield around 14%o. Altogether, these isotopic compositions are consistent with a hasinal-type Ilind with reduced sulfur very likely being derived through thermochemical reduction of dissolved sulfate, resulting ni metal precipitation, and carbon of mainly marine Aalenian-Bajocian carbonate origin with a minor biogenic component. (87)Sr/(86)Sr values of replacement dolostone arc similar to those of ore-related hydrothermal dolomites, ranging from 0.70746 to 0.70833 and from 0.70769 to 0,70828, respectively, and are different from those of the Viscan rhvodacite (0.71849-0.72167). Lead isotope ratios ((206)Pb/(204)Pb) = 18.319-18.390, (207)Pb(204)Ph = 15.620-15.680; Pb = 38.4,52-38.650) of sulfides are consistent with Ph being derived from the Visean rhyoditeite and associated volcaniclastic rocks. The intimate link between faults and mineralization suggests the strong possibility of brine ling regitnial-scale fttults tind N \\I-SW -trending local-settleow dung faults. The data suggest that MVT mineralization was emplaced during the late Neogene-Quaternary (i.e., ca. 15-1) Ma), possibly as a result of subsurface gravity-driven fluid flow in response to the collision between the African and Eurasian plates. C1 [Bouabdellah, Mohammed] Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Lab Mineral Deposits Hydrogeol & Environm, Oujda 60000, Morocco. [Sangster, Donald F.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Leach, David L.; Johnson, Craig A.; Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Brown, Alex C.] Ecole Polytech, Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. RP Bouabdellah, M (reprint author), Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Lab Mineral Deposits Hydrogeol & Environm, BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco. EM mbouanbdellah2002@yahoo.fr FU Touissit Mining Company (CMT); Programme d'Appui a la Recherche Scientifique of Morocco [PROTARS II/P23/33]; NATO [EST. CLG.979371] FX Recent funding For this research has been provided by the Touissit Mining Company (CMT), by grants from the Programme d'Appui a la Recherche Scientifique of Morocco (PROTARS II/P23/33), and by an NATO Fellowship (EST. CLG.979371) and a Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to the first author. NR 85 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 107 IS 1 BP 117 EP 146 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 871ZU UT WOS:000298777000006 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, LR Blazer, VS Hitt, NP McCormick, SD DeVault, DS Ottinger, CA AF Iwanowicz, Luke R. Blazer, Vicki S. Hitt, Nathaniel P. McCormick, Stephen D. DeVault, David S. Ottinger, Christopher A. TI Histologic, immunologic and endocrine biomarkers indicate contaminant effects in fishes of the Ashtabula River SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Immunomodulation; Endocrine disruption; Bullhead; Bass; Great Lakes; Area of Concern; Ashtabula River; Northeastern Ohio ID BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; SOLE PLEURONECTES VETULUS; BENEFICIAL USE IMPAIRMENT; NATURAL CYTOTOXIC-CELL; LAKE ERIE TRIBUTARIES; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; BROWN BULLHEAD; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS AB The use of fish as sentinels of aquatic ecosystem health is a biologically relevant approach to environmental monitoring and assessment. We examined the health of the Ashtabula River using histologic, immunologic, and endocrine biomarkers in brown bullhead (BB; Ameiurus nebulosus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and compared fish collected from a reference site (Conneaut Creek). Seasonal analysis was necessary to distinguish differences in fish between the two rivers. Overall BB from the Ashtabula River had a lower condition factor and significantly more macrophage aggregates than those from the reference site. Reduced bactericidal and cytotoxic-cell activity was observed in anterior kidney leukocytes from both BB and largemouth bass from the Ashtabula River. Lower plasma thyroxine and triiodo-l-thyronine in both species in the Ashtabula River indicated disruption of the thyroid axis. Differences in physiological biomarker responses were supported by body burden chemical concentrations when data were analyzed on a seasonal basis. The use of two fish species added a level of rigor that demonstrated biological effects were not exclusive to a single species. The results provide strong evidence that contaminants have affected fish in the Ashtabula River, a Great Lakes Area of Concern, and provide a baseline by which to evaluate remediation activities. C1 [Iwanowicz, Luke R.; Blazer, Vicki S.; Ottinger, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [DeVault, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. RP Iwanowicz, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM liwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey fisheries Program. We appreciate the help of Paul Baumann, Beth Frankenberry, Deborah Iwanowicz, Kathy Spring, Darlene Bowling, and Amy Regish for their field and laboratory assistance. We thank Greg Weber of the USDA National Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture (Leetown, WV, USA) for permitting us to use their facility for sex steroid analysis. We also thank Christine Densmore, Fred Pinkney and Charlie Rice for providing constructive reviews of this manuscript prior to submission. Use of trade name is for identification purposes and does not imply their endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 108 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0776-0 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 874ZF UT WOS:000298996900018 PM 21882039 ER PT J AU Sun, WD Ling, MX Chung, SL Ding, X Yang, XY Liang, HY Fan, WM Goldfarb, R Yin, QZ AF Sun, Wei-Dong Ling, Ming-Xing Chung, Sun-Lin Ding, Xing Yang, Xiao-Yong Liang, Hua-Ying Fan, Wei-Ming Goldfarb, Richard Yin, Qing-Zhu TI Geochemical Constraints on Adakites of Different Origins and Copper Mineralization SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALC-ALKALINE MAGMATISM; EARLY CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NIOBIUM-TANTALUM FRACTIONATION; PRESSURE METAMORPHIC ROCKS; SUBDUCTED OCEANIC-CRUST; NORTHERN DABIE COMPLEX; THICKENED LOWER CRUST; EASTERN MANUS BASIN; CENTRAL CHINA; ARC MAGMAS AB The petrogenesis of adakites holds important clues to the formation of the continental crust and copper +/- gold porphyry mineralization. However, it remains highly debated as to whether adakites form by slab melting, by partial melting of the lower continental crust, or by fractional crystallization of normal arc magmas. Here, we show that to form adakitic signature, partial melting of a subducting oceanic slab would require high pressure at depths of >50 km, whereas partial melting of the lower continental crust would require the presence of plagioclase and thus shallower depths and additional water. These two types of adakites can be discriminated using geochemical indexes. Compiled data show that adakites from circum-Pacific regions, which have close affinity to subduction of young hot oceanic plate, can be clearly discriminated from adakites from the Dabie Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau, which have been attributed to partial melting of continental crust, in Sr/Y-versus-La/Yb diagram. Given that oceanic crust has copper concentrations about two times higher than those in the continental crust, whereas the high oxygen fugacity in the subduction environment promotes the release of copper during partial melting, slab melting provides the most efficient mechanism to concentrate copper and gold; slab melts would be more than two times greater in copper (and also gold) concentrations than lower continental crust melts and normal arc magmas. Thus, identification of slab melt adakites is important for predicting exploration targets for copper- and gold-porphyry ore deposits. This explains the close association of ridge subduction with large porphyry copper deposits because ridge subduction is the most favorable place for slab melting. C1 [Sun, Wei-Dong; Liang, Hua-Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Key Lab Mineral & Metallogeny, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Ling, Ming-Xing; Ding, Xing; Fan, Wei-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Chung, Sun-Lin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10699, Taiwan. [Yang, Xiao-Yong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Res Ctr Mineral Resources, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Goldfarb, Richard] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yin, Qing-Zhu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sun, WD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Key Lab Mineral & Metallogeny, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. EM weidongsun@gig.ac.cn RI Yin, Qing-Zhu/B-8198-2009; Sun, Weidong/F-8482-2010; Chung, Sun-Lin/F-5559-2010; Ling, Ming-Xing/B-2506-2013; Chung, Sun-Lin/F-9574-2015; OI Yin, Qing-Zhu/0000-0002-4445-5096; CHUNG, SUN-LIN/0000-0002-5362-4496 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [KZCX1-YW-15]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41090374, 40525010]; CAS/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs FX d The contribution is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS; KZCX1-YW-15), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41090374, 40525010), and the CAS/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams. This is contribution IS-1389 from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS. NR 114 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 48 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 120 IS 1 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1086/662736 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 878PX UT WOS:000299270100007 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ Bagley, MJ Walters, DM Jackson, SA Daniel, FB Chaloud, DJ Cade, BS AF Blum, Michael J. Bagley, Mark J. Walters, David M. Jackson, Suzanne A. Daniel, F. Bernard Chaloud, Deborah J. Cade, Brian S. TI Genetic diversity and species diversity of stream fishes covary across a land-use gradient SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Species-genetic diversity correlation; Environmental assessment; Environmental filtering; Central stoneroller; Campostoma ID CAMPOSTOMA-ANOMALUM; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; CENTRAL STONEROLLER; MICROSATELLITE DATA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER-BASIN; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES; DYNAMICS AB Genetic diversity and species diversity are expected to covary according to area and isolation, but may not always covary with environmental heterogeneity. In this study, we examined how patterns of genetic and species diversity in stream fishes correspond to local and regional environmental conditions. To do so, we compared population size, genetic diversity and divergence in central stonerollers (Campostoma anomalum) to measures of species diversity and turnover in stream fish assemblages among similarly sized watersheds across an agriculture-forest land-use gradient in the Little Miami River basin (Ohio, USA). Significant correlations were found in many, but not all, pair-wise comparisons. Allelic richness and species richness were strongly correlated, for example, but diversity measures based on allele frequencies and assemblage structure were not. In-stream conditions related to agricultural land use were identified as significant predictors of genetic diversity and species diversity. Comparisons to population size indicate, however, that genetic diversity and species diversity are not necessarily independent and that variation also corresponds to watershed location and glaciation history in the drainage basin. Our findings demonstrate that genetic diversity and species diversity can covary in stream fish assemblages, and illustrate the potential importance of scaling observations to capture responses to hierarchical environmental variation. More comparisons according to life history variation could further improve understanding of conditions that give rise to parallel variation in genetic diversity and species diversity, which in turn could improve diagnosis of anthropogenic influences on aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Blum, Michael J.; Bagley, Mark J.; Walters, David M.; Jackson, Suzanne A.; Daniel, F. Bernard] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Chaloud, Deborah J.; Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Chaloud, Deborah J.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012 FU US EPA [68D01048]; Sobran, Incorporated FX We thank A. Roth, T. Goyke, T. Wessendarp, and S. Franson for their assistance with preparing tissue samples for genetic analysis, and M. Troyer and M. Griffith for providing access to fish assemblage and physical habitat data. J. Darling, F. McCormick, A. Roy, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments and editorial advice that greatly improved this manuscript, and K. Blocksom assisted with multivariate statistics. Field collections of specimens and water samples were completed under US EPA contract # 68D01048 with Sobran, Incorporated. Although this work was reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2012 VL 168 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2078-x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875TN UT WOS:000299058100009 PM 21833642 ER PT J AU Wiley, AE Welch, AJ Ostrom, PH James, HF Stricker, CA Fleischer, RC Gandhi, H Adams, J Ainley, DG Duvall, F Holmes, N Hu, DC Judge, S Penniman, J Swindle, KA AF Wiley, Anne E. Welch, Andreanna J. Ostrom, Peggy H. James, Helen F. Stricker, Craig A. Fleischer, Robert C. Gandhi, Hasand Adams, Josh Ainley, David G. Duvall, Fern Holmes, Nick Hu, Darcy Judge, Seth Penniman, Jay Swindle, Keith A. TI Foraging segregation and genetic divergence between geographically proximate colonies of a highly mobile seabird SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gene flow; Niche segregation; Population ecology; Salt load; Stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; COMPLEX ORGANIC MATERIALS; DARK-RUMPED PETREL; COMPARATIVE EQUILIBRATION; NONEXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; LAYSAN ALBATROSSES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIGRATION RATES AB Foraging segregation may play an important role in the maintenance of animal diversity, and is a proposed mechanism for promoting genetic divergence within seabird species. However, little information exists regarding its presence among seabird populations. We investigated genetic and foraging divergence between two colonies of endangered Hawaiian petrels (Pterodroma sandwichensis) nesting on the islands of Hawaii and Kauai using the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene and carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotope values (delta(13)C, delta(15)N and delta D, respectively) of feathers. Genetic analyses revealed strong differentiation between colonies on Hawaii and Kauai, with I broken vertical bar(ST) = 0.50 (p < 0.0001). Coalescent-based analyses gave estimates of < 1 migration event per 1,000 generations. Hatch-year birds from Kauai had significantly lower delta(13)C and delta(15)N values than those from Hawaii. This is consistent with Kauai birds provisioning chicks with prey derived from near or north of the Hawaiian Islands, and Hawaii birds provisioning young with prey from regions of the equatorial Pacific characterized by elevated delta(15)N values at the food web base. delta(15)N values of Kauai and Hawaii adults differed significantly, indicating additional foraging segregation during molt. Feather delta D varied from -69 to 53aEuro degrees. This variation cannot be related solely to an isotopically homogeneous ocean water source or evaporative water loss. Instead, we propose the involvement of salt gland excretion. Our data demonstrate the presence of foraging segregation between proximately nesting seabird populations, despite high species mobility. This ecological diversity may facilitate population coexistence, and its preservation should be a focus of conservation strategies. C1 [Wiley, Anne E.; Ostrom, Peggy H.; Gandhi, Hasand] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Welch, Andreanna J.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Welch, Andreanna J.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [James, Helen F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Adams, Josh] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA. [Duvall, Fern] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Wailuku, HI USA. [Holmes, Nick] Univ Hawaii, Kauai Endangered Seabird Recovery Project, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Waimea, HI USA. [Hu, Darcy] Natl Pk Serv, Pacific W Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Judge, Seth] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Penniman, Jay] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Maui Nui Seabird Recovery Project, Haiku, HI USA. [Swindle, Keith A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Wiley, AE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wileyann@msu.edu FU Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoo; National Science Foundation [DEB-0745604, DEB-0940338]; Smithsonian Institution; National Zoological Park FX We would like to thank Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Bernice P. Bishop Museum for access to samples. We also thank Megan Spitzer and Christina Gebhard for collecting samples at the National Museum of Natural History, Cayce Gulbransen of the U.S. Geological Survey for making hydrogen isotope measurements, Jon Beadell for initial genetic analyses, and members of the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoo, including Nancy Rotzel, for logistical laboratory support. We also thank Barbara Lundrigan and Michigan State University Museum for providing access to their reference collections, and John Farrell for access to sediment core isotope data. We further thank Hannah Nevins of Oikonos for co-leading seabird necropsy workshops that enabled efficient sample acquisition and coordination. Funding for this work was generously provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0745604 and DEB-0940338), the Smithsonian Institution's Walcott Fund, and the National Zoological Park's Fellowship Program. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 91 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2012 VL 168 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2085-y PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 875TN UT WOS:000299058100012 PM 21837410 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH Kalkhoff, SJ Capel, PD Gregoire, C AF Coupe, Richard H. Kalkhoff, Stephen J. Capel, Paul D. Gregoire, Caroline TI Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; AMPA; runoff; surface water; subsurface drainage; load ID RESISTANT CROPS; RIVER-BASIN; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; BEHAVIOR; STREAMS; SOILS; IOWA; ADSORPTION; CATCHMENT AB BACKGROUND: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a herbicide used widely throughout the world in the production of many crops and is heavily used on soybeans, corn and cotton. Glyphosate is used in almost all agricultural areas of the United States, and the agricultural use of glyphosate has increased from less than 10 000 Mg in 1992 to more than 80 000 Mg in 2007. The greatest intensity of glyphosate use is in the midwestern United States, where applications are predominantly to genetically modified corn and soybeans. In spite of the increase in usage across the United States, the characterization of the transport of glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on a watershed scale is lacking. RESULTS: Glyphosate and AMPA were frequently detected in the surface waters of four agricultural basins. The frequency and magnitude of detections varied across basins, and the load, as a percentage of use, ranged from 0.009 to 0.86% and could be related to three general characteristics: source strength, rainfall runoff and flow route. CONCLUSIONS: Glyphosate use in a watershed results in some occurrence in surface water; however, the watersheds most at risk for the offsite transport of glyphosate are those with high application rates, rainfall that results in overland runoff and a flow route that does not include transport through the soil. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Pearl, MS USA. [Kalkhoff, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Gregoire, Caroline] Natl Sch Water & Environm Engn, Strasbourg, France. RP Coupe, RH (reprint author), 308 S Airport Rd, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. EM rhcoupe@usgs.gov OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 68 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1002/ps.2212 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 869HU UT WOS:000298589800004 PM 21681915 ER PT J AU Rayburn, JA Cronin, TM Franzi, DA Knuepfer, PLK Willard, DA AF Rayburn, John A. Cronin, Thomas M. Franzi, David A. Knuepfer, Peter L. K. Willard, Debra A. TI Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the Younger Dryas climate reversal (vol 75, pg 541, 2011) SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Rayburn, John A.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.; Willard, Debra A.] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Franzi, David A.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Knuepfer, Peter L. K.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Rayburn, JA (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. EM rayburnj@newpaltz.edu OI Rayburn, John/0000-0002-1721-5345 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 77 IS 1 BP 214 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.09.008 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 878GD UT WOS:000299242600024 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR Kondrad, SL Erwin, CA AF Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. Kondrad, Shannon L. Erwin, Carol A. TI Hormesis Associated with a Low Dose of Methylmercury Injected into Mallard Eggs SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMON LOONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; METHYL MERCURY; GAVIA-IMMER; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; DUCKS AB We injected mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs with methylmercury chloride at doses of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mu g mercury/g egg contents on a wet-weight basis. A case of hormesis seemed to occur because hatching success of eggs injected with 0.05 mu g/g mercury (the lowest dose) was significantly greater (93.3%) than that of controls (72.6%), whereas hatching success decreased at progressively greater doses of mercury. Our finding of hormesis when a low dose of methylmercury was injected into eggs agrees with a similar observation in a study in which a group of female mallards was fed a low dietary concentration of methylmercury and hatching of their eggs was significantly better than that of controls. If methylmercury has a hormetic effect at low concentrations in avian eggs, these low concentrations may be important in a regulatory sense in that they may represent a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Kondrad, Shannon L.; Erwin, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU CALFED [ERP-02D-C12]; United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant no. ERP-02D-C12),with additional support from the United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank Donna Podger and Carol Adkins of the California Bay-Delta Authority for help and project support. Steve Schwarzbach and Tom Suchanek provided much appreciated guidance and support during the development of the project, and Collin Eagles-Smithand Tom Maurer handled much of the work with reports and budget matters. We thank Kevin Brittingham, Michael Hammond, Michael Hoffman, and Dan Murray for help in conducting the laboratory parts of the study. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 1 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9680-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 868CP UT WOS:000298501600016 PM 21604054 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Lahner, LL Meteyer, CU Rattner, BA AF Franson, J. Christian Lahner, Lesanna L. Meteyer, Carol U. Rattner, Barnett A. TI Copper Pellets Simulating Oral Exposure to Copper Ammunition: Absence of Toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWANS CYGNUS-OLOR; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; CALIFORNIA CONDORS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ZINC TOXICOSIS; METALS; BIRDS; METALLOTHIONEIN; INGESTION AB To evaluate the potential toxicity of copper (Cu) in raptors that may consume Cu bullets, shotgun pellets containing Cu, or Cu fragments as they feed on wildlife carcasses, we studied the effects of metallic Cu exposure in a surrogate, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Sixteen kestrels were orally administered 5 mg Cu/g body mass in the form of Cu pellets (1.18-2.00 mm in diameter) nine times during 38 days and 10 controls were sham gavaged on the same schedule. With one exception, all birds retained the pellets for at least 1 h, but most (69%) regurgitated pellets during a 12-h monitoring period. Hepatic Cu concentrations were greater in kestrels administered Cu than in controls, but there was no difference in Cu concentrations in the blood between treated and control birds. Concentration of the metal-binding protein metallothionein was greater in male birds that received Cu than in controls, whereas concentrations in female birds that received Cu were similar to control female birds. Hepatic Cu and metallothionein concentrations in kestrels were significantly correlated. Histopathologic alterations were noted in the pancreas of four treated kestrels and two controls, but these changes were not associated with hepatic or renal Cu concentrations, and no lesions were seen in other tissues. No clinical signs were observed, and there was no treatment effect on body mass; concentrations of Cu, hemoglobin, or methemoglobin in the blood; or Cu concentrations in kidney, plasma biochemistries, or hematocrit. Based on the parameters we measured, ingested Cu pellets pose little threat to American kestrels (and presumably phylogenetically related species), although the retention time of pellets in the stomach was of relatively short duration. Birds expected to regurgitate Cu fragments with a frequency similar to kestrels are not likely to be adversely affected by Cu ingestion, but the results of our study do not completely rule out the potential for toxicity in species that might retain Cu fragments for a longer time. C1 [Franson, J. Christian; Lahner, Lesanna L.; Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Rattner, Barnett A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jfranson@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9671-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 868CP UT WOS:000298501600017 PM 21512804 ER PT J AU MacNulty, DR Smith, DW Mech, LD Vucetich, JA Packer, C AF MacNulty, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. Mech, L. David Vucetich, John A. Packer, Craig TI Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; carnivore; cooperation; free riding; group hunting; group living; interference; predation; sociality; wolf ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WILD CHIMPANZEES; BEHAVIOR; LIONS; WOLF; MODELS; PREDATION; SELECTION; CAPTURE; SPLINES AB Despite the popular view that social predators live in groups because group hunting facilitates prey capture, the apparent tendency for hunting success to peak at small group sizes suggests that the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture. Few empirical studies, however, have tested for nonlinear relationships between hunting success and group size, and none have demonstrated why success trails off after peaking. Here, we use a unique dataset of observations of individually known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park to show that the relationship between success and group size is indeed nonlinear and that individuals withholding effort (free riding) is why success does not increase across large group sizes. Beyond 4 wolves, hunting success leveled off, and individual performance (a measure of effort) decreased for reasons unrelated to interference from inept hunters, individual age, or size. But performance did drop faster among wolves with an incentive to hold back, i.e., nonbreeders with no dependent offspring, those performing dangerous predatory tasks, i.e., grabbing and restraining prey, and those in groups of proficient hunters. These results suggest that decreasing performance was free riding and that was why success leveled off in groups with > 4 wolves that had superficially appeared to be cooperating. This is the first direct evidence that nonlinear trends in group hunting success reflect a switch from cooperation to free riding. It also highlights how hunting success per se is unlikely to promote formation and maintenance of large groups. C1 [MacNulty, Daniel R.; Packer, Craig] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Vucetich, John A.] Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP MacNulty, DR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM dan.macnulty@usu.edu RI MacNulty, Dan/L-3965-2016 FU National Science Foundation, Canon USA [DEB-0613730]; National Geographic Society; Yellowstone Park Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; Annie Graham of Tapeats Foundation; Patagonia, Inc.; Frank and Kay Yeager; Masterfoods; Marc McCurry FX National Science Foundation (DEB-0613730), Canon USA; National Geographic Society; Yellowstone Park Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey, an anonymous donor; Annie Graham of Tapeats Foundation, Frank and Kay Yeager, Masterfoods, Marc McCurry, and Patagonia, Inc. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 111 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1093/beheco/arr159 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 866MZ UT WOS:000298386500001 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Orr, TR AF Patrick, Matthew R. Orr, Tim R. TI Rootless shield and perched lava pond collapses at KA << lauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Kilauea; Lava pond; Rootless shield; Lava surge ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; EFFUSION RATE; MOUNT-ETNA; FLOWS; PAHOEHOE; ERUPTION; AA; INFLATION; LENGTHS; CHANNEL AB Effusion rate is a primary measurement used to judge the expected advance rate, length, and hazard potential of lava flows. At basaltic volcanoes, the rapid draining of lava stored in rootless shields and perched ponds can produce lava flows with much higher local effusion rates and advance velocities than would be expected based on the effusion rate at the vent. For several months in 2007-2008, lava stored in a series of perched ponds and rootless shields on KA << lauea Volcano, Hawai'i, was released episodically to produce fast-moving 'a'A lava flows. Several of these lava flows approached Royal Gardens subdivision and threatened the safety of remaining residents. Using time-lapse image measurements, we show that the initial time-averaged discharge rate for one collapse-triggered lava flow was approximately eight times greater than the effusion rate at the vent. Though short-lived, the collapse-triggered 'a'A lava flows had average advance rates approximately 45 times greater than that of the pAhoehoe flow field from which they were sourced. The high advance rates of the collapse-triggered lava flows demonstrates that recognition of lava accumulating in ponds and shields, which may be stored in a cryptic manner, is vital for accurately assessing short-term hazards at basaltic volcanoes. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim R.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s00445-011-0505-9 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 874YD UT WOS:000298993400006 ER PT J AU Fedele, L Insinga, DD Calvert, AT Morra, V Perrotta, A Scarpati, C AF Fedele, L. Insinga, D. D. Calvert, A. T. Morra, V. Perrotta, A. Scarpati, C. TI Reply to the comment on the article "Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity" by Isaia et al. SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fedele, L.; Morra, V.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy. [Insinga, D. D.] CNR, IAMC, I-80133 Naples, Italy. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94925 USA. [Perrotta, A.; Scarpati, C.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80136 Naples, Italy. RP Fedele, L (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy. EM lofedele@unina.it RI Morra, Vincenzo/H-6125-2011; Scarpati, Claudio/D-5576-2011; OI Morra, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3310-8603; Scarpati, Claudio/0000-0003-4483-1706; Insinga, Donatella Domenica/0000-0002-2147-0146 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 74 IS 1 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s00445-011-0560-2 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 874YD UT WOS:000298993400020 ER PT J AU Lam, TTY Ip, HS Ghedin, E Wentworth, DE Halpin, RA Stockwell, TB Spiro, DJ Dusek, RJ Bortner, JB Hoskins, J Bales, BD Yparraguirre, DR Holmes, EC AF Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Ip, Hon S. Ghedin, Elodie Wentworth, David E. Halpin, Rebecca A. Stockwell, Timothy B. Spiro, David J. Dusek, Robert J. Bortner, James B. Hoskins, Jenny Bales, Bradley D. Yparraguirre, Dan R. Holmes, Edward C. TI Migratory flyway and geographical distance are barriers to the gene flow of influenza virus among North American birds SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; ecological barriers; evolution; flyways; gene flow; phylogeography; spatial distance ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; H5N1; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENIES; WATERFOWL; PATTERNS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION AB Despite the importance of migratory birds in the ecology and evolution of avian influenza virus (AIV), there is a lack of information on the patterns of AIV spread at the intra-continental scale. We applied a variety of statistical phylogeographic techniques to a plethora of viral genome sequence data to determine the strength, pattern and determinants of gene flow in AIV sampled from wild birds in North America. These analyses revealed a clear isolation-by-distance of AIV among sampling localities. In addition, we show that phylogeographic models incorporating information on the avian flyway of sampling proved a better fit to the observed sequence data than those specifying homogeneous or random rates of gene flow among localities. In sum, these data strongly suggest that the intra-continental spread of AIV by migratory birds is subject to major ecological barriers, including spatial distance and avian flyway. C1 [Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Holmes, Edward C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ip, Hon S.; Dusek, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Ghedin, Elodie] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Res, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Ghedin, Elodie; Halpin, Rebecca A.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Spiro, David J.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wentworth, David E.] NYSDOH, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Bortner, James B.; Hoskins, Jenny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Dusek, Robert J.; Bales, Bradley D.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. [Yparraguirre, Dan R.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Holmes, EC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ech15@psu.edu RI Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk/D-4837-2012; OI Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479; Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM080533]; US Department of the Interior; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200900007C] FX This research was funded in part by grant R01 GM080533 from the National Institutes of Health, by the US Department of the Interior and US Fish and Wildlife Service's Avian Health Program, and by the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline. We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service, as well as State and Tribal agencies. It was also in part funded with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under contract numbers HHSN272200900007C. The samples from the PF were collected under the 'Surveillance for Early detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Wild Migratory Birds: a Strategy for the Pacific Flyway' Pacific Flyway Council, 2006. We thank the field personnel who sampled birds throughout the flyway, and gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many biologists who have sequenced the influenza genomes published in GenBank. We also thank members of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at the National Wildlife Health Center, especially Katy Griffin, Jessica Montez, Samantha Scott and Kim Kooiman. Additional bioinformatic and computational resources were provided by the Computer Centre at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and TWGrid in Taiwan. We also thank W. K. Kwan and Frankie Cheung (HKU) for technical support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01703.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 856KC UT WOS:000297637800004 PM 22008513 ER PT J AU Latysh, NE Wetherbee, GA AF Latysh, Natalie E. Wetherbee, Gregory Alan TI Improved mapping of National Atmospheric Deposition Program wet-deposition in complex terrain using PRISM-gridded data sets SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE PRISM; Atmospheric wet-deposition; Precipitation; National Atmospheric Deposition Program ID ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; CHEMISTRY; COLORADO; USA AB High-elevation regions in the United States lack detailed atmospheric wet-deposition data. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) measures and reports precipitation amounts and chemical constituent concentration and deposition data for the United States on annual isopleth maps using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. This interpolation for unsampled areas does not account for topographic influences. Therefore, NADP/NTN isopleth maps lack detail and potentially underestimate wet deposition in high-elevation regions. The NADP/NTN wet-deposition maps may be improved using precipitation grids generated by other networks. The Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) produces digital grids of precipitation estimates from many precipitation-monitoring networks and incorporates influences of topographical and geographical features. Because NADP/NTN ion concentrations do not vary with elevation as much as precipitation depths, PRISM is used with unadjusted NADP/NTN data in this paper to calculate ion wet deposition in complex terrain to yield more accurate and detailed isopleth deposition maps in complex terrain. PRISM precipitation estimates generally exceed NADP/NTN precipitation estimates for coastal and mountainous regions in the western United States. NADP/NTN precipitation estimates generally exceed PRISM precipitation estimates for leeward mountainous regions in Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, where abrupt changes in precipitation depths induced by topography are not depicted by IDW interpolation. PRISM-based deposition estimates for nitrate can exceed NADP/NTN estimates by more than 100% for mountainous regions in the western United States. C1 [Latysh, Natalie E.; Wetherbee, Gregory Alan] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Off Water Qual, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Latysh, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Off Water Qual, POB 25046,MS 306, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM nlatysh@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 184 IS 2 BP 913 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2009-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868EB UT WOS:000298505400020 PM 21476103 ER PT J AU Kashian, DM Corace, RG Shartell, LM Donner, DM Huber, PW AF Kashian, Daniel M. Corace, R. Gregory, III Shartell, Lindsey M. Donner, Deahn M. Huber, Philip W. TI Variability and persistence of post-fire biological legacies in jack pine-dominated ecosystems of northern Lower Michigan SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tree crown streets; Jack pine; Northern Lower Michigan; Stand-replacing wildfire; Kirtland's warbler; Biological legacies ID KIRTLANDS WARBLER; CROWN FIRES; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; USA; POPULATION; VORTICES; ECOLOGY AB On the dry, flat, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)-dominated ecosystems of the northern Lake States and eastern Canada, wildfire behavior often produces narrow, remnant strips of unburned trees that provide heterogeneity on a landscape historically shaped by stand-replacing wildfires. We used landscape metrics to analyze a chronosequence of aerial imagery to examine these "stringers" of mature trees within historical wildfires in northern Lower Michigan. Our major objective was to describe the natural range of variability of stringer patterns and their persistence and change during the fire-free interval. Field studies were then used to examine stringer composition and structural variability. Stringers were found to occur in all fires >1000 ha, in about one-third of wildfires >80 ha, but never in fires <80 ha, likely because of the lack of fire intensity on smaller fires that is necessary for stringers to be formed. Stringers were typically composed of many small, well-aggregated patches that represented 3-14% of the area within the burn perimeter, and stringer formation was relatively independent of pre-fire forest structure or composition. Stringer patterns changed mostly in the first decade after the fire that created them and then stabilized. Major changes that occurred in stringer patterns after this period were most often due to human activities, highlighting their natural persistence through the fire-free interval. The historical persistence and importance of these features also highlights their importance on modern fire-prone landscapes, particularly in northern Lower Michigan where a high proportion of land management is focused on jack pine plantations for breeding habitat for Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii Baird), an endangered species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Shartell, Lindsey M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Donner, Deahn M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. [Huber, Philip W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mio, MI 48647 USA. RP Kashian, DM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Biol Sci Bldg,5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM dkash@wayne.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Seney Natural History Association; Wayne State University FX We wish to thank Brent Stinson (US Department of Agriculture) and Sterling Raehtz (Michigan State University) for their guidance and assistance in obtaining aerial imagery for this project. We also thank Jessica Miesel (Ohio State University) for help in obtaining wildfire databases from the Huron-Manistee National Forests and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and to Charles Goebel (Ohio State University) and Wayne Walker (Woods Hole Research Center) for fruitful initial discussions about stringers. Field assistance was provided by Stephanie Brown, Becky Jackson, Jacob Korte, Julia Sosin, and Tony Spencer from Wayne State University; Ellen Comes, Meghan Cornwall, and Andrew DiAllesandro from Seney National Wildlife Refuge; and Paul Nelson from Ohio State University. We thank Mark Vaniman and Laural Tansy of Seney National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. This study was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program with a grant to DMK and RGC, Seney National Wildlife Refuge, the Seney Natural History Association, and Wayne State University. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service or other agencies and institutions. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 263 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.09.019 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 868OI UT WOS:000298532200018 ER PT J AU Meyers, SR Siewert, SE Singer, BS Sageman, BB Condon, DJ Obradovich, JD Jicha, BR Sawyer, DA AF Meyers, Stephen R. Siewert, Sarah E. Singer, Brad S. Sageman, Bradley B. Condon, Daniel J. Obradovich, John D. Jicha, Brian R. Sawyer, David A. TI Intercalibration of radioisotopic and astrochronologic time scales for the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary interval, Western Interior Basin, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCON; STRATOTYPE; PRECISION; ACCURACY; STAGE; EARTH; AGES AB We develop an intercalibrated astrochronologic and radioisotopic time scale for the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CTB) interval near the Global Stratotype Section and Point in Colorado, USA, where orbitally influenced rhythmic strata host bentonites that contain sanidine and zircon suitable for (40)Ar/(39)Ar and U-Pb dating. Paired (40)Ar/(39)Ar and U-Pb ages are determined from four bentonites that span the Vascoceras diartianum to Pseudaspidoceras flexuosum ammonite biozones, utilizing both newly collected material and legacy sanidine samples of J. Obradovich. Comparison of the (40)Ar/(39)Ar and U-Pb results underscores the strengths and limitations of each system, and supports an astronomically calibrated Fish Canyon sanidine standard age of 28.201 Ma. The radioisotopic data and published astrochronology are employed to develop a new CTB time scale, using two statistical approaches: (1) a simple integration that yields a CTB age of 93.89 +/- 0.14 Ma (2 sigma; total radioisotopic uncertainty), and (2) a Bayesian intercalibration that explicitly accounts for orbital time scale uncertainty, and yields a CTB age of 93.90 +/- 0.15 Ma (95% credible interval; total radioisotopic and orbital time scale uncertainty). Both approaches firmly anchor the floating orbital time scale, and the Bayesian technique yields astronomically recalibrated radioisotopic ages for individual bentonites, with analytical uncertainties at the permil level of resolution, and total uncertainties below 2 parts per thousand. Using our new results, the duration between the Cenomanian-Turonian and the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundaries is 27.94 +/- 0.16 Ma, with an uncertainty of less than one-half of a long eccentricity cycle. C1 [Meyers, Stephen R.; Siewert, Sarah E.; Singer, Brad S.; Jicha, Brian R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sageman, Bradley B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Condon, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Isotope Geosci Lab, NERC, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Obradovich, John D.; Sawyer, David A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Meyers, SR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM smeyers@geology.wisc.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012; Condon, Daniel/A-4249-2008 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168; Condon, Daniel/0000-0002-9082-3283 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0959108]; University of Wisconsin-Madison Vilas Trust; Shell Oil Undergraduate grant FX This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR-0959108 (Meyers, Singer, Sageman), the University of Wisconsin-Madison Vilas Trust (Singer), and a Shell Oil Undergraduate grant (Siewert). We thank KC McKinney, B. Cobban, and N. Heim for assistance with field work. L. Hinnov and three anonymous referees provided helpful reviews. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1130/G32261.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 866VK UT WOS:000298414000002 ER PT J AU Davies, A Kemp, AES Weedon, GP Barron, JA AF Davies, Andrew Kemp, Alan E. S. Weedon, Graham P. Barron, John A. TI El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability from the Late Cretaceous Marca Shale of California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; LAMINATED SEDIMENTS; GREENHOUSE CLIMATE; OCEAN VARIABILITY; RECORD; MONSOON; BASIN; DIATOMS; FLUX AB Changes in the possible behavior of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with global warming have provoked interest in records of ENSO from past "greenhouse" climate states. The latest Cretaceous laminated Marca Shale of California permits a seasonal-scale reconstruction of water column flux events and hence interannual paleoclimate variability. The annual flux cycle resembles that of the modern Gulf of California with diatoms characteristic of spring upwelling blooms followed by silt and clay, and is consistent with the existence of a paleo-North American Monsoon that brought input of terrigenous sediment during summer storms and precipitation runoff. Variation is also indicated in the extent of water column oxygenation by differences in lamina preservation. Time series analysis of interannual variability in terrigenous sediment and diatom flux and in the degree of bioturbation indicates strong periodicities in the quasi-biennial (2.1-2.8 yr) and low-frequency (4.1-6.3 yr) bands both characteristic of ENSO forcing, as well as decadal frequencies. This evidence for robust Late Cretaceous ENSO variability does not support the theory of a "permanent El Nino," in the sense of a continual El Nino-like state, in periods of warmer climate. C1 [Davies, Andrew; Kemp, Alan E. S.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Weedon, Graham P.] Met Off JCHMR, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davies, A (reprint author), Neftex Petr Consultants, Abingdon OX14 4RY, Oxon, England. EM aesk@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Weedon, Graham/B-7574-2008 OI Weedon, Graham/0000-0003-1262-9984 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NER/S/A/2002/10400]; Royal Society; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101] FX Davies was funded by a Natural Environment Research Council Research Studentship (NER/S/A/2002/10400). Kemp was assisted by a Royal Society travel award, and Weedon was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). S. Starrat and J. Addison commented on an earlier version of the manuscript, and we acknowledge discussions with J. Pike and assistance with drafting from K. Davis. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1130/G32329.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 866VK UT WOS:000298414000004 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Bourke, MC Geissler, PE Banks, ME Colon, C Diniega, S Golombek, MP Hansen, CJ Mattson, S McEwen, AS Mellon, MT Stantzos, N Thomson, BJ AF Bridges, Nathan T. Bourke, Mary C. Geissler, Paul E. Banks, Maria E. Colon, Cindy Diniega, Serina Golombek, Matthew P. Hansen, Candice J. Mattson, Sarah McEwen, Alfred S. Mellon, Michael T. Stantzos, Nicholas Thomson, Bradley J. TI Planet-wide sand motion on Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DUNES; MOVEMENT; DEPOSITS; EROSION; VALLEY; ICE AB Prior to Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, images of Mars showed no direct evidence for dune and ripple motion. This was consistent with climate models and lander measurements indicating that winds of sufficient intensity to mobilize sand were rare in the low-density atmosphere. We show that many sand ripples and dunes across Mars exhibit movement of as much as a few meters per year, demonstrating that Martian sand migrates under current conditions in diverse areas of the planet. Most motion is probably driven by wind gusts that are not resolved in global circulation models. A past climate with a thicker atmosphere is only required to move large ripples that contain coarse grains. C1 [Bridges, Nathan T.; Thomson, Bradley J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bourke, Mary C.; Hansen, Candice J.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Geissler, Paul E.; Stantzos, Nicholas] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Banks, Maria E.] Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Colon, Cindy] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Diniega, Serina; Golombek, Matthew P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mattson, Sarah; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank Devon Burr, Lori Fenton, and an anonymous reviewer for very helpful reviews. Support to Bridges and several coauthors was through Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) funding provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 31 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1130/G32373.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 866VK UT WOS:000298414000008 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Boyte, SP Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL AF Gu, Yingxin Boyte, Stephen P. Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. TI Identifying grasslands suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops in the Greater Platte River Basin: dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance with 250 m eMODIS SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE cellulosic biofuel; cellulosic feedstock crops; ecosystem performance models; eMODIS NDVI; Greater Platte River Basin; land management; satellite remote sensing; weather data ID UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SWITCHGRASS; PLAINS; ENERGY; NDVI; BIOENERGY; ETHANOL AB This study dynamically monitors ecosystem performance (EP) to identify grasslands potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops (e.g., switchgrass) within the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB). We computed grassland site potential and EP anomalies using 9-year (20002008) time series of 250 m expedited moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, geophysical and biophysical data, weather and climate data, and EP models. We hypothesize that areas with fairly consistent high grassland productivity (i.e., high grassland site potential) in fair to good range condition (i.e., persistent ecosystem overperformance or normal performance, indicating a lack of severe ecological disturbance) are potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crop development. Unproductive (i.e., low grassland site potential) or degraded grasslands (i.e., persistent ecosystem underperformance with poor range condition) are not appropriate for cellulosic feedstock development. Grassland pixels with high or moderate ecosystem site potential and with more than 7 years ecosystem normal performance or overperformance during 20002008 are identified as possible regions for future cellulosic feedstock crop development (ca. 68 000 km(2) within the GPRB, mostly in the eastern areas). Long-term climate conditions, elevation, soil organic carbon, and yearly seasonal precipitation and temperature are important performance variables to determine the suitable areas in this study. The final map delineating the suitable areas within the GPRB provides a new monitoring and modeling approach that can contribute to decision support tools to help land managers and decision makers make optimal land use decisions regarding cellulosic feedstock crop development and sustainability. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Boyte, Stephen P.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856; Boyte, Stephen/0000-0002-5462-3225 FU USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044]; Renewable Energy-Biofuels initiative FX This work was performed under USGS contracts G08PC91508 and G10PC00044, and funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program in support of Renewable Energy-Biofuels initiative. The authors thank Norman Bliss for processing and providing SSURGO soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The authors thank Norman Bliss, Bhaskar Ramachandran, and Thomas Adamson for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01113.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 857QZ UT WOS:000297735100008 ER PT J AU Gleeson, T Alley, WM Allen, DM Sophocleous, MA Zhou, YX Taniguchi, M VanderSteen, J AF Gleeson, Tom Alley, William M. Allen, Diana M. Sophocleous, Marios A. Zhou, Yangxiao Taniguchi, Makoto VanderSteen, Jonathan TI Towards Sustainable Groundwater Use: Setting Long-Term Goals, Backcasting, and Managing Adaptively SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PLAINS AQUIFER; CHATEAUGUAY RIVER AQUIFERS; WATER-RESOURCES; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; ABBOTSFORD AQUIFER; NITRATE; STATE; SCIENCE; CHALLENGES; DEPLETION AB The sustainability of crucial earth resources, such as groundwater, is a critical issue. We consider groundwater sustainability a value-driven process of intra-and intergenerational equity that balances the environment, society, and economy. Synthesizing hydrogeological science and current sustainability concepts, we emphasize three sustainability approaches: setting multigenerational sustainability goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively. As most aquifer problems are long-term problems, we propose that multigenerational goals (50 to 100 years) for water quantity and quality that acknowledge the connections between groundwater, surface water, and ecosystems be set for many aquifers. The goals should be set by a watershed-or aquifer-based community in an inclusive and participatory manner. Policies for shorter time horizons should be developed by backcasting, and measures implemented through adaptive management to achieve the long-term goals. Two case histories illustrate the importance and complexity of a multigenerational perspective and adaptive management. These approaches could transform aquifer depletion and contamination to more sustainable groundwater use, providing groundwater for current and future generations while protecting ecological integrity and resilience. C1 [Gleeson, Tom] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Gleeson, Tom] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Alley, William M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Allen, Diana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Sophocleous, Marios A.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Zhou, Yangxiao] UNESCO IHE Inst Water Educ, Water Engn Dept, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands. [Taniguchi, Makoto] Res Inst Humanity & Nat, Kamigyo Ku, Kyoto 6020878, Japan. [VanderSteen, Jonathan] Univ Guelph, Sch Engn, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Gleeson, T (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 817 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM tgleeson@eos.ubc.ca RI Allen, Diana/A-4215-2010; Gleeson, Tom/F-2552-2011; Zhou, Yangxiao/C-6922-2009; Taniguchi, Makoto/E-3335-2012 OI Allen, Diana/0000-0003-3541-2470; Gleeson, Tom/0000-0001-9493-7707; Zhou, Yangxiao/0000-0002-0856-7007; Taniguchi, Makoto/0000-0001-7416-0275 NR 71 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 9 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00825.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 871JH UT WOS:000298733600007 PM 21599658 ER PT J AU Chiu, YC Nishikawa, T Martin, P AF Chiu, Yung-Chia Nishikawa, Tracy Martin, Peter TI Hybrid-Optimization Algorithm for the Management of a Conjunctive-Use Project and Well Field Design SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION; PUMPING RATES; GENETIC ALGORITHM; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; COASTAL AQUIFERS; SYSTEMS; FLOW; SIMULATION; COSTS AB Hi-Desert Water District (HDWD), the primary water-management agency in the Warren Groundwater Basin, California, plans to construct a waste water treatment plant to reduce future septic-tank effluent from reaching the groundwater system. The treated waste water will be reclaimed by recharging the groundwater basin via recharge ponds as part of a larger conjunctive-use strategy. HDWD wishes to identify the least-cost conjunctive-use strategies for managing imported surface water, reclaimed water, and local groundwater. As formulated, the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) groundwater-management problem seeks to minimize water-delivery costs subject to constraints including potential locations of the new pumping wells, California State regulations, groundwater-level constraints, water-supply demand, available imported water, and pump/recharge capacities. In this study, a hybrid-optimization algorithm, which couples a genetic algorithm and successive-linear programming, is developed to solve the MINLP problem. The algorithm was tested by comparing results to the enumerative solution for a simplified version of the HDWD groundwater-management problem. The results indicate that the hybrid-optimization algorithm can identify the global optimum. The hybrid-optimization algorithm is then applied to solve a complex groundwater-management problem. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to assess the impact of varying the new recharge pond orientation, varying the mixing ratio of reclaimed water and pumped water, and varying the amount of imported water available. The developed conjunctive management model can provide HDWD water managers with information that will improve their ability to manage their surface water, reclaimed water, and groundwater resources. C1 [Chiu, Yung-Chia; Nishikawa, Tracy; Martin, Peter] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Project Off, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Chiu, YC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Project Off, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM yungchiachiu@ntu.edu.tw; tnish@usgs.gov; pmmartin@usgs.gov FU HDWD; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by HDWD and the U.S. Geological Survey's Cooperative Research Program. The authors wish to thank James McCarthy and other two anonymous reviewers for their in-depth and constructive reviews. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00828.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 871JH UT WOS:000298733600016 PM 21635245 ER PT J AU Vilhelmsen, TN Christensen, S Mehl, SW AF Vilhelmsen, Troels N. Christensen, Steen Mehl, Steffen W. TI Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in Connection with a Synthetic Regional-Scale Model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID LOCAL GRID REFINEMENT; GROUND-WATER FLOW; BURIED QUATERNARY VALLEYS; SHARED NODES; DENMARK; ERRORS AB This work studies costs and benefits of utilizing local-grid refinement (LGR) as implemented in MODFLOW-LGR to simulate groundwater flow in a buried tunnel valley interacting with a regional aquifer. Two alternative LGR methods were used: the shared-node (SN) method and the ghost-node (GN) method. To conserve flows the SN method requires correction of sources and sinks in cells at the refined/coarse-grid interface. We found that the optimal correction method is case dependent and difficult to identify in practice. However, the results showed little difference and suggest that identifying the optimal method was of minor importance in our case. The GN method does not require corrections at the models' interface, and it uses a simpler head interpolation scheme than the SN method. The simpler scheme is faster but less accurate so that more iterations may be necessary. However, the GN method solved our flow problem more efficiently than the SN method. The MODFLOW-LGR results were compared with the results obtained using a globally coarse (GC) grid. The LGR simulations required one to two orders of magnitude longer run times than the GC model. However, the improvements of the numerical resolution around the buried valley substantially increased the accuracy of simulated heads and flows compared with the GC simulation. Accuracy further increased locally around the valley flanks when improving the geological resolution using the refined grid. Finally, comparing MODFLOW-LGR simulation with a globally refined (GR) grid showed that the refinement proportion of the model should not exceed 10% to 15% in order to secure method efficiency. C1 [Vilhelmsen, Troels N.; Christensen, Steen] Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Mehl, Steffen W.] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Mehl, Steffen W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Vilhelmsen, TN (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, Hoegh Guldbergs Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM troels.norvin@geo.au.dk RI Christensen, Steen/A-2016-2012; Vilhelmsen, Troels/A-2193-2015 OI Christensen, Steen/0000-0002-9251-2315; Vilhelmsen, Troels/0000-0002-6399-8563 FU Danish Council for Strategic Research; Aarhus Vand, Denmark FX The authors would like to thank George Zyvolski, Henk Haitjema, Matt Tonkin, an anonymous reviewer, and Journal Editor Mary P. Anderson for constructive comments. These greatly helped improve the content of the manuscript. The manuscript was written as a part of the HYACINTS project, and the work was financed by The Danish Council for Strategic Research and Aarhus Vand, Denmark. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 871JH UT WOS:000298733600017 PM 21623780 ER PT J AU Reimann, T Birk, S Rehrl, C Shoemaker, WB AF Reimann, Thomas Birk, Steffen Rehrl, Christoph Shoemaker, W. Barclay TI Modifications to the Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 for MODFLOW-2005 SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB As a result of rock dissolution processes, karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features such as caves and conduits. Within these structures, groundwater flow can become turbulent and therefore be described by nonlinear gradient functions. Some numerical groundwater flow models explicitly account for pipe hydraulics by coupling the continuum model with a pipe network that represents the conduit system. In contrast, the Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 (CFPM2) for MODFLOW-2005 approximates turbulent flow by reducing the hydraulic conductivity within the existing linear head gradient of the MODFLOW continuum model. This approach reduces the practical as well as numerical efforts for simulating turbulence. The original formulation was for large pore aquifers where the onset of turbulence is at low Reynolds numbers (1 to 100) and not for conduits or pipes. In addition, the existing code requires multiple time steps for convergence due to iterative adjustment of the hydraulic conductivity. Modifications to the existing CFPM2 were made by implementing a generalized power function with a user-defined exponent. This allows for matching turbulence in porous media or pipes and eliminates the time steps required for iterative adjustment of hydraulic conductivity. The modified CFPM2 successfully replicated simple benchmark test problems. C1 [Reimann, Thomas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Groundwater Management, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Birk, Steffen; Rehrl, Christoph] Graz Univ, Inst Earth Sci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Shoemaker, W. Barclay] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Reimann, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Groundwater Management, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM Thomas.Reimann@tu-dresden.de; steffen.birk@uni-graz.at; bshoemak@usgs.gov RI Reimann, Thomas/C-5718-2011; OI Reimann, Thomas/0000-0002-4259-0139; Shoemaker, W. Barclay/0000-0002-7680-377X; Birk, Steffen/0000-0001-7474-3884 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [LI 727/11-1, SA 501/24-1]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L576-N21] FX Jeffrey N. King from the USGS is acknowledged for assisting with simplification and presentation of equations. The authors express their appreciation to J. Hal Davis, Nicasio Sepulveda, and Melinda Lohmann of the USGS as well as Rudolf Liedl from the TU Dresden for their internal review prior to submission to the journal. We thank the journal reviewers Eve Kuniansky, Melissa E. Hill, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and suggestions. Also, we would like to thank Martin Sauter and Tobias Geyer from the University of Gottingen for fruitful discussions. This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under grants no. LI 727/11-1 and SA 501/24-1 and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant no. L576-N21. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00805.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 871JH UT WOS:000298733600019 PM 21371024 ER PT J AU D'Oria, M Fienen, MN AF D'Oria, Marco Fienen, Michael N. TI MODFLOW-Style Parameters in Underdetermined Parameter Estimation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW AB In this article, we discuss the use of MODFLOW-Style parameters in the numerical codes MODFLOW_2005 and MODFLOW_2005-Adjoint for the definition of variables in the Layer Property Flow package. Parameters are a useful tool to represent aquifer properties in both codes and are the only option available in the adjoint version. Moreover, for overdetermined parameter estimation problems, the parameter approach for model input can make data input easier. We found that if each estimable parameter is defined by one parameter, the codes require a large computational effort and substantial gains in efficiency are achieved by removing logical comparison of character strings that represent the names and types of the parameters. An alternative formulation already available in the current implementation of the code can also alleviate the efficiency degradation due to character comparisons in the special case of distributed parameters defined through multiplication matrices. The authors also hope that lessons learned in analyzing the performance of the MODFLOW family codes will be enlightening to developers of other Fortran implementations of numerical codes. C1 [D'Oria, Marco] Univ Parma, DICATeA, I-43124 Parma, Italy. [Fienen, Michael N.] Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP D'Oria, M (reprint author), Univ Parma, DICATeA, Viale GP Usberti 181-A, I-43124 Parma, Italy. EM marco.doria@unipr.it; mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 FU USGS Water and Environmental Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB); University of Parma, Department of Civil Engineering FX The authors are grateful to Chris Langevin, Steffen Mehl, Richard Winston, and an anonymous reviewer for the valuable suggestions and helpful comments on the previous versions of this article. Support for this work was provided by the USGS Water and Environmental Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program and University of Parma, Department of Civil Engineering. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00803.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 871JH UT WOS:000298733600020 PM 21352210 ER PT J AU Jones, JW Desmond, GB Henkle, C Glover, R AF Jones, John W. Desmond, Gregory B. Henkle, Charles Glover, Robert TI An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; FORESTS AB Accurate topographic data are critical to restoration science and planning for the Everglades region of South Florida, USA. They are needed to monitor and simulate water level, water depth and hydroperiod and are used in scientific research on hydrologic and biologic processes. Because large wetland environments and data acquisition challenge conventional ground-based and remotely sensed data collection methods, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) adapted a classical data collection instrument to global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. Data acquired with this instrument were processed using geostatistics to yield sub-water level elevation values with centimetre accuracy (+/- 15 cm). The developed database framework, modelling philosophy and metadata protocol allow for continued, collaborative model revision and expansion, given additional elevation or other ancillary data. C1 [Jones, John W.; Desmond, Gregory B.; Henkle, Charles; Glover, Robert] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Jones, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jwjones@usgs.gov RI Rosolen Vilela, Nicole Louise /K-9426-2014 FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES); US Army Corp of Engineers; National Park Service; South Florida Water Management District; PES; USGS FX Funding for HAED collection was provided by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (PES) Program, the US Army Corp of Engineers, the National Park Service and the South Florida Water Management District. Funding for DEM development was provided by the PES and USGS Land Remote Sensing Program. The authors greatly appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments of anonymous reviewers as they improved this manuscript and will benefit our future research. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 450 EP 465 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.533212 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 874IB UT WOS:000298947800008 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Thomsen, MS Schwarzschild, A AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Thomsen, Mads Solgaard Schwarzschild, Arthur TI Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTE; REFLECTANCE; LEAVES AB We have developed methods to determine the visible (VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral properties of thalli and epiphytes of bloom-forming and green macrophyte Ulva curvata in back-barrier lagoons in Virginia, USA. A 2% increase in NIR thalli reflectance from winter to summer (ca. 9.5%) matched the drop in summer NIR transmittance (ca. 90%). In contrast, summer and winter VIS reflectance (reaching 6%) were nearly identical while winter transmittance (ca. 85%) was 10-20% higher. NIR absorption remained at 5% but VIS absorption increased by 10-20% from winter to summer. Replicate consistency substantiated the high transmittance difference indicating thallus composition changed from summer to winter. Epiphytes increased thallus reflectance (dagger) in the following list: E. Andersen, M. Barrett, D. Barton, G. Beyersdorf, K. Brenneman, D. Clutter, J. Daniels, E. Drew, B. Drummond, A. Durand, J. Dussureault, C. Eggleston, K. Elkin, J. Fischer, C. Gray, M. Grinnell, J. M. Hipfner, S. Hootman, N. Jones, T. Joyce, P. Kappes, B. Keller, S. Kissler, H. Knechtel, N. Konyukhov, S. Lantz, K. Lindquist, G. Loh, J. Marais, L. Meehan, J. Mueller, M. Murphy, R. Orben, M. Ortwerth, A. Palmer, L. Parker, J. Petersen, D. Rehder, H. Renner, A. Ritchie, N. Rojek, K. Russell, P. Ryan, S. Sapora, K. Shea, E. Sommer, L. Spitler, A. Stoertz, A. Stover, S. Syria, G. Thomson, C. VanStratt, R. Walder and H. Walsh. The M/V Tiglax and her crews provided logistical support. We also thank K. Turco for prey identification. The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB, grant no. 638), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and Northern Scientific Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada provided financial support for this research. A consortium managed by the North Pacific Marine Science Organisation supported the North Pacific CPR survey. Consortium members that provided funding for the data used in this study include the North Pacific Research Board and Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. The Institutional Animal Care Committee of Memorial University of Newfoundland (protocol 09-01-IJ and preceding) approved this project. P. H. Becker, T. W. Chapman, E. H. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided improvements on previous drafts of this manuscript. This is publication number 294 of the NPRB. NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 153 IS 1 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10336-011-0704-3 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 871PH UT WOS:000298749700009 ER PT J AU Namgail, T Rawat, GS Mishra, C van Wieren, SE Prins, HHT AF Namgail, Tsewang Rawat, Gopal S. Mishra, Charudutt van Wieren, Sipke E. Prins, Herbert H. T. TI Biomass and diversity of dry alpine plant communities along altitudinal gradients in the Himalayas SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aboveground biomass; Altitude; Mid-altitude effect; Rapoport's rule; Species richness; Vascular plants ID SPECIES RICHNESS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES; INDIAN CHANGTHANG; VASCULAR PLANTS; LADAKH; HERBIVORES; PATTERNS; PLATEAU AB A non-linear relationship between phytodiversity and altitude has widely been reported, but the relationship between phytomass and altitude remains little understood. We examined the phytomass and diversity of vascular plants along altitudinal gradients on the dry alpine rangelands of Ladakh, western Himalaya. We used generalized linear and generalized additive models to assess the relationship between these vegetation parameters and altitude. We found a hump-shaped relationship between aboveground phytomass and altitude. We suspect that this is engendered by low rainfall and trampling/excessive grazing at lower slopes by domestic livestock, and low temperature and low nutrient levels at higher slopes. We also found a unimodal relationship between plant species-richness and altitude at a single mountain as well as at the scale of entire Ladakh. The species-richness at the single mountain peaked between 5,000 and 5,200 m, while it peaked between 3,500 and 4,000 m at entire Ladakh level. Perhaps biotic factors such as grazing and precipitation are, respectively, important in generating this pattern at the single mountain and entire Ladakh. C1 [Namgail, Tsewang; Mishra, Charudutt] Snow Leopard Trust & Nat Conservat Fdn, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India. [Namgail, Tsewang; van Wieren, Sipke E.; Prins, Herbert H. T.] Wageningen Univ, Resource Ecol Grp, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Rawat, Gopal S.] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttaranchal, India. RP Namgail, T (reprint author), San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 54592 USA. EM namgail@ncf-india.org FU Wageningen University; Rufford Small Grants Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society FX This study was financially supported by the Wageningen University, the Rufford Small Grants Foundation, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. We thank Karma Sonam for his assistance in the field. We thank the Director, Wildlife Institute of India for all the help to TN during his stay in Dehradun. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 37 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10265-011-0430-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 861YC UT WOS:000298056000008 PM 21638006 ER PT J AU Leuthold, N Adams, MJ Hayes, JP AF Leuthold, Niels Adams, Michael J. Hayes, John P. TI Short-term response of Dicamptodon tenebrosus larvae to timber management in southwestern Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dicamptodon tenebrosus; forest management; mark-recapture; Oregon; Pacific giant salamander; stream amphibians ID HEADWATER STREAM AMPHIBIANS; NORTH COASTAL CALIFORNIA; YOUNG GROWTH FORESTS; SPATIAL-PATTERN; HABITAT; WASHINGTON; NETWORKS; CANOPY; FISH AB In the Pacific Northwest, previous studies have found a negative effect of timber management on the abundance of stream amphibians, but results have been variable and region specific. These studies have generally used survey methods that did not account for differences in capture probability and focused on stands that were harvested under older management practices. We examined the influences of contemporary forest practices on larval Dicamptodon tenebrosus as part of the Hinkle Creek paired watershed study. We used a markrecapture analysis to estimate D. tenebrosus density at 100 1-m sites spread throughout the basin and used extended linear models that accounted for correlation resulting from the repeated surveys at sites across years. Density was associated with substrate, but we found no evidence of an effect of harvest. While holding other factors constant, the model-averaged estimates indicated; 1) each 10% increase in small cobble or larger substrate increased median density of D. tenebrosus 1.05 times, 2) each 100-ha increase in the upstream area drained decreased median density of D. tenebrosus 0.96 times, and 3) increasing the fish density in the 40 m around a site by 0.01 increased median salamander density 1.01 times. Although this study took place in a single basin, it suggests that timber management in similar third-order basins of the southwestern Oregon Cascade foothills is unlikely to have short-term effects of D. tenebrosus larvae. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Leuthold, Niels] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Adams, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hayes, John P.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Leuthold, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nielsleuthold@gmail.com RI Hayes, John/C-7967-2016 OI Hayes, John/0000-0002-6462-6876 FU Oregon State University Forest Research Lab; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC) FX We thank the Oregon State University Forest Research Lab's Fish and Wildlife Habitat in Managed Forests Research Program for funding this project. The U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC) aided in funding and supplied logistic support. Roseburg Forest Products allowed us to access to their land and supplied logistic support. The Watershed Research Cooperative and associated scientists provided logistical and intellectual support throughout the study. R. Gresswell and D. Bateman allowed us to access their fish capture and substrate data for use in the analysis. D. Bateman and D. Hockman-Wert listened to our needs and returned the fish and substrate data in forms we could use in the analysis. N. Som helped scan data used in the extended linear modeling for spatial autocorrelation. We could not have completed this study without the help of field crews, C. Grant, J. Conrad, J. Baldwin, B. Stout, S. Banks, C. Earle, N. Jander, and T. Lewis. We thank A. Skaugset, C. Torgersen, and B. McCune for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This is contribution number 380 of the U. S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1002/jwmg.269 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 869GQ UT WOS:000298586200005 ER PT J AU Gude, JA Mitchell, MS Russell, RE Sime, CA Bangs, EE Mech, LD Ream, RR AF Gude, Justin A. Mitchell, Michael S. Russell, Robin E. Sime, Carolyn A. Bangs, Edward E. Mech, L. David Ream, Robert R. TI Wolf population dynamics in the US Northern Rocky Mountains are affected by recruitment and human-caused mortality SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; harvest; human-caused mortality; Montana; Northern Rocky Mountains; population dynamics; recruitment; wolf ID UNITED-STATES; AERIAL SURVEY; WOLVES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DEMOGRAPHY; PAIRS; PREY AB Reliable analyses can help wildlife managers make good decisions, which are particularly critical for controversial decisions such as wolf (Canis lupus) harvest. Creel and Rotella (2010) recently predicted substantial population declines in Montana wolf populations due to harvest, in contrast to predictions made by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP). We replicated their analyses considering only those years in which field monitoring was consistent, and we considered the effect of annual variation in recruitment on wolf population growth. Rather than assuming constant rates, we used model selection methods to evaluate and incorporate models of factors driving recruitment and human-caused mortality rates in wolf populations in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Using data from 27 area-years of intensive wolf monitoring, we show that variation in both recruitment and human-caused mortality affect annual wolf population growth rates and that human-caused mortality rates have increased with the sizes of wolf populations. We document that recruitment rates have decreased over time, and we speculate that rates have decreased with increasing population sizes and/or that the ability of current field resources to document recruitment rates has recently become less successful as the number of wolves in the region has increased. Estimates of positive wolf population growth in Montana from our top models are consistent with field observations and estimates previously made by MFWP for 20082010, whereas the predictions for declining wolf populations of Creel and Rotella (2010) are not. Familiarity with limitations of raw data, obtained first-hand or through consultation with scientists who collected the data, helps generate more reliable inferences and conclusions in analyses of publicly available datasets. Additionally, development of efficient monitoring methods for wolves is a pressing need, so that analyses such as ours will be possible in future years when fewer resources will be available for monitoring. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gude, Justin A.; Sime, Carolyn A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Mech, L. David] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Raptor Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ream, Robert R.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk Commiss, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Ream, Robert R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, USA, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ream, Robert R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Gude, JA (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1420 E 6th Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. EM jgude@mt.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU MFWP; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We dedicate this article to the hundreds of people who gave so much of their time, energy, and resources to collect the data that we used and to make the wolf recovery and conservation program in the Northern Rockies the success it has been since 1979. In particular, we acknowledge the contributions of M. Jimenez, D. Smith, J. Fontaine, T. Meier, D. Boyd, J. Holyan, C. Mack, V. Asher, L. Bradley, M. Ross, K. Laudon, J. Trapp, N. Lance, S. Nadeau, J. Rachel, I. Babcock, J. Husseman, and M. Lucid. Other employees and volunteers affiliated with the USFWS, the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, the United States Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, academic institutions, Nez Perce Tribe, Blackfeet Nation, Confederated Salish, and Kootenai Tribe, Turner Endangered Species Fund, MFWP, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wyoming Game and Fish also contributed greatly to the data set we used for our analyses. We are indebted to the citizens and private landowners of the region who reported wolves or wolf sign to agency personnel, which was often the first step in verifying a new wolf pack. We thank our pilots for their interest, dedication, and years of safe flying. Finally, we thank the past and current members of the MFWP Commission for embracing adaptive management principles embodied in Montana's wolf plan and further utilizing science and predictive models to aid in their decisions on wolf harvest. Our work on this manuscript was funded by MFWP, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. K. Laudon and K. Proffitt provided valuable discussions that improved this manuscript. D. Pletscher, L. S. Mills, J. Rotella, S. Creel, 2 anonymous reviewers, and Associate Editor K. McKelvey provided constructive comments and criticism on previous drafts, and thereby improved this manuscript. Any shortcomings in this article, however, are not attributable to these individuals, and their efforts do not necessarily imply agreement with all aspects of this manuscript. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1002/jwmg.201 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 869GQ UT WOS:000298586200014 ER PT J AU Mace, RD Carney, DW Chilton-Radandt, T Courville, SA Haroldson, MA Harris, RB Jonkel, J Mclellan, B Madel, M Manley, TL Schwartz, CC Servheen, C Stenhouse, G Waller, JS Wenum, E AF Mace, Richard D. Carney, Daniel W. Chilton-Radandt, Tonya Courville, Stacy A. Haroldson, Mark A. Harris, Richard B. Jonkel, James Mclellan, Bruce Madel, Michael Manley, Timothy L. Schwartz, Charles C. Servheen, Christopher Stenhouse, Gordon Waller, John S. Wenum, Erik TI Grizzly bear population vital rates and trend in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem, Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grizzly bear; lambda; Montana; mortality; population trend; reproduction; survival; Ursus arctos ID OF-THE-YEAR; BROWN BEARS; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALES; DESIGN; BLACK; AGE AB We estimated grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population vital rates and trend for the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE), Montana, between 2004 and 2009 by following radio-collared females and observing their fate and reproductive performance. Our estimates of dependent cub and yearling survival were 0.612 (95% CI = 0.3000.818) and 0.682 (95% CI = 0.2580.898). Our estimates of subadult and adult female survival were 0.852 (95% CI = 0.6280.951) and 0.952 (95% CI = 0.8920.980). From visual observations, we estimated a mean litter size of 2.00 cubs/litter. Accounting for cub mortality prior to the first observations of litters in spring, our adjusted mean litter size was 2.27?cubs/litter. We estimated the probabilities of females transitioning from one reproductive state to another between years. Using the stable state probability of 0.322 (95% CI = 0.2620.382) for females with cub litters, our adjusted fecundity estimate (mx) was 0.367 (95% CI = 0.2730.461). Using our derived rates, we estimated that the population grew at a mean annual rate of approximately 3% (lambda= 1.0306, 95% CI = 0.9281.102), and 71.5% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations produced estimates of lambda> 1.0. Our results indicate an increasing population trend of grizzly bears in the NCDE. Coupled with concurrent studies of population size, we estimate that over 1,000 grizzly bears reside in and adjacent to this recovery area. We suggest that monitoring of population trend and other vital rates using radioed females be continued. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Mace, Richard D.; Chilton-Radandt, Tonya; Manley, Timothy L.; Wenum, Erik] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Carney, Daniel W.] Blackfeet Tribe, Blackfeet Fish & Wildlife Dept, Browning, MT 59417 USA. [Courville, Stacy A.] Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribe, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Haroldson, Mark A.; Schwartz, Charles C.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Forestry Sci Lab,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Jonkel, James] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Mclellan, Bruce] British Columbia Minist, Forests Res Branch, Darcy, BC V0N 1L0, Canada. [Madel, Michael] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Rocky Mt Front Field Off, Choteau, MT 59422 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Stenhouse, Gordon] Foothills Res Inst, Hinton, AB T7V 1X7, Canada. [Waller, John S.] Natl Pk Serv, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Mace, RD (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, 490 N Meridian Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM rmace@mt.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1002/jwmg.250 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 869GQ UT WOS:000298586200015 ER PT J AU Norton, AS Diefenbach, DR Wallingford, BD Rosenberry, CS AF Norton, Andrew S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Wallingford, Bret D. Rosenberry, Christopher S. TI Spatio-temporal variation in male white-tailed deer harvest rates in Pennsylvania: Implications for estimating abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE harvest rates; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; spatio-temporal variation; white-tailed deer ID POPULATION RECONSTRUCTION; MODEL; EFFICIENCY; PRECISION; MORTALITY; ILLINOIS; HUNTERS AB The performance of 2 popular methods that use age-at-harvest data to estimate abundance of white-tailed deer is contingent on assumptions about variation in estimates of subadult (1.5?yr old) and adult (=2.5?yr old) male harvest rates. Auxiliary data (e.g., estimates of survival or harvest rates from radiocollared animals) can be used to relax some assumptions, but unless these population parameters exhibit limited temporal or spatial variation, these auxiliary data may not improve accuracy. Unfortunately maintaining sufficient sample sizes of radiocollared deer for parameter estimation in every wildlife management unit (WMU) is not feasible for most state agencies. We monitored the fates of 397 subadult and 225 adult male white-tailed deer across 4 WMUs from 2002 to 2008 using radio telemetry. We investigated spatial and temporal variation in harvest rates and investigated covariates related to the patterns observed. We found that most variation in harvest rates was explained spatially and that adult harvest rates (0.360.69) were more variable among study areas than subadult harvest rates (0.260.42). We found that hunter effort during the archery and firearms season best explained variation in harvest rates of adult males among WMUs, whereas hunter effort during only the firearms season best explained harvest rates for subadult males. From a population estimation perspective, it is advantageous that most variation was spatial and explained by a readily obtained covariate (hunter effort). However, harvest rates may vary if hunting regulations or hunter behavior change, requiring additional field studies to obtain accurate estimates of harvest rates. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wallingford, Bret D.; Rosenberry, Christopher S.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Norton, AS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, A141 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nort0160@umn.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Support for this research was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association, Pennsylvania Deer Association, Pennsylvania Audubon Society, and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. E. Long and M. Keenan (previous Pennsylvania State University graduate students), and J. Fleegle and W. Cottrell (Pennsylvania Game Commission) helped facilitate and provide assistance with deer trapping and data collection. We thank the numerous technicians, volunteers, and landowners who assisted in the study. Also, we thank and acknowledge M. Grund and T. Van Deelen for their reviews of an earlier draft. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1002/jwmg.249 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 869GQ UT WOS:000298586200017 ER PT J AU Cain, JW Owen-Smith, N Macandza, VA AF Cain, J. W., III Owen-Smith, N. Macandza, V. A. TI The costs of drinking: comparative water dependency of sable antelope and zebra SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Equus quagga; Hippotragus niger; movement costs; sable antelope; water dependency; zebra ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; AFRICAN HERBIVORES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SAVANNA; THERMOREGULATION; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES AB Resource partitioning among the ungulate species occupying African savanna ecosystems has been well documented in relation to food resources and habitat features, but few studies have addressed how distinctions in surface water dependency contribute to coexistence. During the dry season surface water becomes restricted to a few perennial sources, while the food resources remaining at this time are also most limited in quantity, especially near water where animals congregate to drink. We compared the movement patterns to and from water of sable antelope Hippotragus niger and zebra Equus quagga herds in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Owing to distinctions in their digestive systems, we expected sable to drink less frequently than zebra, allowing sable to occupy regions further from surface water than zebra. Sable travelled to water at 24-day intervals, versus 12-day intervals for zebra. However, sable travelled c. 25% greater distances to water due to the location of their late dry season home ranges relative to perennial water sources; zebra home ranges were generally closer to water sources. Travelling 1015 km to and from water substantially reduced time spent foraging and resting by both species on days when animals drank. Longer intervals between travel to water by the sable antelope herd enabled it to occupy regions of the landscape further from water than those heavily exploited by the more common grazers during the critical dry season months. By avoiding concentrations of other grazers, the sable also probably gained a reduction in predation risk, balancing the substantial costs in terms of time and energy associated with travel to water. Thereby the distinctions in water dependency of this relatively rare grazer facilitated its coexistence alongside more abundant grazers in the KNP. C1 [Cain, J. W., III; Owen-Smith, N.; Macandza, V. A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr African Ecol, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. RP Cain, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Box 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jwcain@nmsu.edu FU South African National Parks; Kruger National Park Scientific Services; Wildlife Veterinary Services; National Research Foundation; University of the Witwatersrand; Education for Nature Programme of the World Wildlife Fund; African Wildlife Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Ministry of Science and Technology of Mozambique FX We thank South African National Parks, Kruger National Park Scientific Services and Wildlife Veterinary Services for their support of the study and for capturing study animals for placement of GPS collars. Comments by two anonymous reviewers improved an earlier draft of this paper. This research was supported by a National Research Foundation Grant to Norman Owen-Smith. James W. Cain was supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Research Foundation. Education for Nature Programme of the World Wildlife Fund, African Wildlife Foundation, Mellon Foundation Mentoring Programme and Ministry of Science and Technology of Mozambique are thanked for funding Valerio Macandza's PhD study. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 286 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00848.x PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 862MK UT WOS:000298095500007 ER PT J AU Jiang, J DeAngelis, DL Smith, TJ Teh, SY Koh, HL AF Jiang, Jiang DeAngelis, Donald L. Smith, Thomas J., III Teh, Su Yean Koh, Hock-Lye TI Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: a model study SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Individual-based model; Positive feedback; Environmental gradient; Ecotone; Vegetation aggregation; Mangrove vegetation ID TREELINE ECOTONES; MANGROVE FORESTS; SIMULATION-MODEL; INLAND MANGROVES; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; COMPETITION; EVERGLADES; AUSTRALIA; HABITATS AB Coastal vegetation of South Florida typically comprises salinity-tolerant mangroves bordering salinity-intolerant hardwood hammocks and fresh water marshes. Two primary ecological factors appear to influence the maintenance of mangrove/hammock ecotones against changes that might occur due to disturbances. One of these is a gradient in one or more environmental factors. The other is the action of positive feedback mechanisms, in which each vegetation community influences its local environment to favor itself, reinforcing the boundary between communities. The relative contributions of these two factors, however, can be hard to discern. A spatially explicit individual-based model of vegetation, coupled with a model of soil hydrology and salinity dynamics is presented here to simulate mangrove/hammock ecotones in the coastal margin habitats of South Florida. The model simulation results indicate that an environmental gradient of salinity, caused by tidal flux, is the key factor separating vegetation communities, while positive feedback involving the different interaction of each vegetation type with the vadose zone salinity increases the sharpness of boundaries, and maintains the ecological resilience of mangrove/hammock ecotones against small disturbances. Investigation of effects of precipitation on positive feedback indicates that the dry season, with its low precipitation, is the period of strongest positive feedback. C1 [Jiang, Jiang; DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Teh, Su Yean] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Math Sci, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia. [Koh, Hock-Lye] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Civil Engn, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu RI Teh, Su Yean/B-3892-2011; Jiang, Jiang/H-1080-2012 OI Teh, Su Yean/0000-0003-4404-661X; Jiang, Jiang/0000-0001-5058-8664 FU USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center; USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science FX We thank Leonel Sternberg, David Janos, Dennis Krohn and Catherine Langtimm for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was partially supported by the FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. We appreciate the help of G. Rob Burgess with access of cluster server. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 864HI UT WOS:000298228300009 ER PT J AU Reed, SC Wood, TE Cavaleri, MA AF Reed, Sasha C. Wood, Tana E. Cavaleri, Molly A. TI Tropical forests in a warming world SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon cycling; climate change; photosynthesis; respiration; rising temperature; tropical forests ID RAIN-FOREST; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; TREE GROWTH; PATTERNS C1 [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Wood, Tana E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94209 USA. [Cavaleri, Molly A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Reed, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM screed@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 193 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03985.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865HC UT WOS:000298300800008 PM 22136501 ER PT J AU Hitt, NP Roberts, JH AF Hitt, Nathaniel P. Roberts, James H. TI Hierarchical spatial structure of stream fish colonization and extinction SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL DATA; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES; HOMOGENIZATION; CLASSIFICATION; BIOASSESSMENT; VARIABILITY AB Spatial variation in extinction and colonization is expected to influence community composition over time. In stream fish communities, local species richness (alpha diversity) and species turnover (beta diversity) are thought to be regulated by high extinction rates in headwater streams and high colonization rates in downstream areas. We evaluated the spatiotemporal structure of fish communities in streams originally surveyed by Burton and Odum 1945 (Ecology 26: 182194) in Virginia, USA and explored the effects of species traits on extinction and colonization dynamics. We documented dramatic changes in fish community structure at both the site and stream scales. Of the 34 fish species observed, 20 (59%) were present in both time periods, but 11 (32%) colonized the study area and three (9%) were extirpated over time. Within streams, alpha diversity increased in two of three streams but beta diversity decreased dramatically in all streams due to fish community homogenization caused by colonization of common species and extirpation of rare species. Among streams, however, fish communities differentiated over time. Regression trees indicated that reproductive life-history traits such as spawning mound construction, associations with mound-building species, and high fecundity were important predictors of species persistence or colonization. Conversely, native fishes not associated with mound-building exhibited the highest rates of extirpation from streams. Our results demonstrate that stream fish colonization and extinction dynamics exhibit hierarchical spatial structure and suggest that mound-building fishes serve as keystone species for colonization of headwater streams. C1 [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Roberts, James H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hitt, NP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM nhitt@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JAN PY 2012 VL 121 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19482.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 867VZ UT WOS:000298484200014 ER PT J AU Proctor, MF Paetkau, D Mclellan, BN Stenhouse, GB Kendall, KC Mace, RD Kasworm, WF Servheen, C Lausen, CL Gibeau, ML Wakkinen, WL Haroldson, MA Mowat, G Apps, CD Ciarniello, LM Barclay, RMR Boyce, MS Schwartz, CC Strobeck, C AF Proctor, Michael F. Paetkau, David Mclellan, Bruce N. Stenhouse, Gordon B. Kendall, Katherine C. Mace, Richard D. Kasworm, Wayne F. Servheen, Christopher Lausen, Cori L. Gibeau, Michael L. Wakkinen, Wayne L. Haroldson, Mark A. Mowat, Garth Apps, Clayton D. Ciarniello, Lana M. Barclay, Robert M. R. Boyce, Mark S. Schwartz, Charles C. Strobeck, Curtis TI Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in western Canada and the northern United States SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE climate change; demographic fragmentation; DNA; gene flow; grizzly bear; microsatellites; population assignment; population fragmentation; radio telemetry; Ursus arctos ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; BANFF NATIONAL-PARK; INDUSTRIAL RESOURCE EXTRACTION; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENE FLOW; URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB Population fragmentation compromises population viability, reduces a species ability to respond to climate change, and ultimately may reduce biodiversity. We studied the current state and potential causes of fragmentation in grizzly bears over approximately 1,000,000 km(2) of western Canada, the northern United States (US), and southeast Alaska. We compiled much of our data from projects undertaken with a variety of research objectives including population estimation and trend, landscape fragmentation, habitat selection, vital rates, and response to human development. Our primary analytical techniques stemmed from genetic analysis of 3,134 bears, supplemented with radiotelemetry data from 792 bears. We used 15 locus microsatellite data coupled with measures of genetic distance, isolation-by-distance (IBD) analysis, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), linear multiple regression, multi-factorial correspondence analysis (to identify population divisions or fractures with no a priori assumption of group membership), and population-assignment methods to detect individual migrants between immediately adjacent areas. These data corroborated observations of inter-area movements from our telemetry database. In northern areas, we found a spatial genetic pattern of IBD, although there was evidence of natural fragmentation from the rugged heavily glaciated coast mountains of British Columbia (BC) and the Yukon. These results contrasted with the spatial pattern of fragmentation in more southern parts of their distribution. Near the Canada-US border area, we found extensive fragmentation that corresponded to settled mountain valleys and major highways. Genetic distances across developed valleys were elevated relative to those across undeveloped valleys in central and northern BC. In disturbed areas, most inter-area movements detected were made by male bears, with few female migrants identified. Northsouth movements within mountain ranges (Mts) and across BC Highway 3 were more common than eastwest movements across settled mountain valleys separating Mts. Our results suggest that relatively distinct subpopulations exist in this region, including the Cabinet, Selkirk South, and the decades-isolated Yellowstone populations. Current movement rates do not appear sufficient to consider the subpopulations we identify along the Canada-US border as 1 inter-breeding unit. Although we detected enough male movement to mediate gene flow, the current low rate of female movement detected among areas is insufficient to provide a demographic rescue effect between areas in the immediate future (0-15 yr). In Alberta, we found fragmentation corresponded to major eastwest highways (Highways 3, 11, 16, and 43) and most inter-area movements were made by males. Gene flow and movement rates between Alberta and BC were highest across the Continental Divide south of Highway 1 and north of Highway 16. In the central region between Highways 1 and 11, we found evidence of natural fragmentation associated with the extensive glaciers and icefields along the Continental Divide. The discontinuities that we identified would form appropriate boundaries for management units. We related sex-specific movement rates between adjacent areas to several metrics of human use (highway traffic, settlement, and human-caused mortality) to understand the causes of fragmentation. This analysis used data from 1,508 bears sampled over a 161,500-km(2) area in southeastern BC, western Alberta, northern Idaho, and northern Montana during 1979-2007. This area was bisected by numerous humantransportation and settlement corridors of varying intensity and complexity. We used multiple linear regression and ANCOVA to document the responses of female and male bears to disturbance. Males and females both demonstrated reduced movement rates with increasing settlement and traffic. However, females reduced their movement rates dramatically when settlement increased to >20% of the fracture zone. At this same threshold, male movement declined more gradually, in response to increased traffic and further settlement. In highly settled areas (>50%), both sexes had a similar reduction in movements in response to traffic, settlement, and mortality. We documented several small bear populations with male-only immigration, highlighting the importance of investigating sex-specific movements. Without female connectivity, small populations are not viable over the long term. The persistence of this regional female fragmented metapopulation likely will require strategic connectivity management. We therefore recommend enhancing female connectivity among fractured areas by securing linkage-zone habitat appropriate for female dispersal, and ensuring current large source subpopulations remain intact. The fragmentation we documented may also affect other species with similar ecological characteristics: sparse densities, slow reproduction, short male-biased dispersal, and a susceptibility to human-caused mortality and habitat degradation. Therefore, regional inter-jurisdictional efforts to manage broad landscapes for inter-area movement will likely benefit a broad spectrum of species and natural processes, particularly in light of climate change. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Proctor, Michael F.; Lausen, Cori L.] Birchdale Ecol Ltd, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. [Paetkau, David] Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. [Mclellan, Bruce N.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Darcy, BC V0N 1L0, Canada. [Stenhouse, Gordon B.] Foothills Res Inst, Hinton, AB T7V 1X6, Canada. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59923 USA. [Mace, Richard D.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Kasworm, Wayne F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Libby, MT 59923 USA. [Servheen, Christopher] Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gibeau, Michael L.] Pk Canada, Banff, AB T0L 1E0, Canada. [Wakkinen, Wayne L.] Idaho Fish & Game, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA. [Haroldson, Mark A.; Schwartz, Charles C.] Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr,, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Mowat, Garth] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Nelson, BC V1L 4K3, Canada. [Apps, Clayton D.] Aspen Wildlife Res Inc, Calgary, AB T2M 4H9, Canada. [Ciarniello, Lana M.; Boyce, Mark S.; Strobeck, Curtis] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Barclay, Robert M. R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Proctor, MF (reprint author), Birchdale Ecol Ltd, POB 606, Kaslo, BC V0G 1M0, Canada. EM mproctor@netidea.com RI Barclay, Robert/D-5514-2012; Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X FU Alberta Ingenuity; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; Foothills Research Institute; BC Forest Investment Accounts; BC Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy; BC Ministry of Environment; BC Ministry of Forests and Range; BC Parks; Canadian Forest Products Ltd.; Canon Corporation; Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; EarthWatch Institute; Forest Renewal BC; Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation; Idaho Fish and Game; Killam Foundation; Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation; McIntyre-Stennis grants; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks; McGregor Model Forest Association; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Parks Canada; Pas Lumber; Slocan Forest Products Ltd.; Tembec Industries Inc.; Novogold Inc.; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Forest Service; US National Park Service; Wilburforce Foundation; Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative FX Much of the data we used in the monograph were originally collected within projects for reasons other than what we examine here. Many years of research in the various areas should be highlighted, without which this monograph would not exist. We thank lead researchers (and their staff) for their extensive work and generous inclusion of their data in this monograph, and J. G. Woods in particular, of the West Slopes Grizzly Bear Research Project. We also thank those who provided additional genetic samples: R. Flynn, T. Heard, J. Weaver, R. Maraj, H. Schwantje, BC Ministry of Environment, B. McClymont, and the Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. We thank the many field workers that collected genetic samples, trapped and radiocollared bears, and laboratory technicians, including J. Bergenske, D. Carney, H. Carriles, M. Cattet, N. Caulkett, T. Chilton, J. Cranston, C. Doyon, B. Goski, R. Hickle, S. Himmer, D. Hobson, J. Honeyman, F. Hovey, M. Johnson, C. Kenyon, T. Larsen, J. Lee, G. MacHutchon, C. Mamo, T. Manley, A. MacLeod, M. McLellan, R. Munro, J. Norris, E. Penn, K. Peterson, T. Radandt, I. Ross (deceased), G. Sanders, D. Schirokauer, W. Simoneau, J. Stetz, M. Urquhart, E. Wenum, and C. Wilson. We thank the following agencies for research funding: Alberta Ingenuity, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Foothills Research Institute, BC Forest Investment Accounts, BC Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy, BC Ministry of Environment, BC Ministry of Forests and Range, BC Parks, Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Canon Corporation, Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, EarthWatch Institute, Forest Renewal BC, Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation, Idaho Fish and Game, Killam Foundation, Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation, McIntyre-Stennis grants, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, McGregor Model Forest Association, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Parks Canada, Pas Lumber, Slocan Forest Products Ltd., Tembec Industries Inc., Novogold Inc., US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, US National Park Service, Wilburforce Foundation, Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. For covering publication costs, we thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 222 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 22 U2 198 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 2012 IS 180 BP 1 EP 46 DI 10.1002/wmon.6 PG 46 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 866BY UT WOS:000298355800001 ER PT J AU Codjoe, SNA Atidoh, LK Burkett, V AF Codjoe, Samuel Nii Ardey Atidoh, Lucy Kafui Burkett, Virginia TI Gender and occupational perspectives on adaptation to climate extremes in the Afram Plains of Ghana SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FOOD SECURITY; VULNERABILITY; VARIABILITY; IMPACT AB Although sub-Saharan Africa does not contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, significant adverse impacts of climate change are anticipated in this region. Countries in West Africa, which are heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture, are projected to experience more frequent and intense droughts, altered rainfall patterns and increases in temperature through the end of this century. Changes in hydrology and temperature are likely to affect crop yields, thereby placing pressure on scarce resources in a region that is characterised by limited social, political, technical and financial resources. The success with which communities cope with the impacts of climate change is influenced by existing conditions, forces and characteristics which are peculiar to each of these communities. This paper assesses the preferred adaptation strategies during floods and droughts of males and females in three different occupations (farming, fishing, and charcoal production). Findings are based upon an analysis of focus group discussions and a ranking of preferred adaptation options in three communities in the Afram Plains of Ghana. Assessments of this nature should aid in the selection and implementation of adaptation options for communities and households, which is the level at which climate change adaptation is likely to occur in West Africa. C1 [Codjoe, Samuel Nii Ardey; Atidoh, Lucy Kafui] Univ Ghana, Reg Inst Populat Studies, Legon, Ghana. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Many, LA 71449 USA. RP Codjoe, SNA (reprint author), Univ Ghana, Reg Inst Populat Studies, POB LG 96, Legon, Ghana. EM scodjoe@ug.edu.gh; lucyatidoh@yahoo.com; virginia_burkett@usgs.gov FU United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) [CCP 07 08]; Climate Change and Learning Observatory Network in Ghana [EEM-A-00-66-00014]; United States Agency for International Development FX We are grateful to the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) for providing funds for the Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Afram Plains Project (# CCP 07 08). Further support from the Climate Change and Learning Observatory Network in Ghana Project (EEM-A-00-66-00014) sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development is also acknowledged. We are also grateful to Petra Tschakert of the Penn State University and Regina Sagoe of the Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana for assisting with data collection. We also want to take this opportunity to sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief for their useful and constructive suggestions, which has greatly enhanced the quality of this paper. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 431 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0237-z PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859XY UT WOS:000297910300022 ER PT S AU Garland, J Neilson, J Laubach, SE Whidden, KJ AF Garland, J. Neilson, J. Laubach, S. E. Whidden, K. J. BE Garland, J Neilson, JE Laubach, SE Whidden, KJ TI Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis SO ADVANCES IN CARBONATE EXPLORATION AND RESERVOIR ANALYSIS SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geological-Society-London Conference on Advances in Carbonate Exploration and Reservoir Analysis CY NOV, 2010 CL London, ENGLAND SP Geol Soc London ID HYDROTHERMAL DOLOMITE; GAS-FIELD; FRACTURE; FACIES; DIAGENESIS; OUTCROP; CANADA; ANALOG; BASIN; FLOW AB The development of innovative techniques and concepts, and the emergence of new plays in carbonate rocks are creating a resurgence of oil and gas discoveries worldwide. The maturity of a basin and the application of exploration concepts have a fundamental influence on exploration strategies. Exploration success often occurs in underexplored basins by applying existing established geological concepts. This approach is commonly undertaken when new basins 'open up' owing to previous political upheavals. The strategy of using new techniques in a proven mature area is particularly appropriate when dealing with unconventional resources (heavy oil, bitumen, stranded gas), while the application of new play concepts (such as lacustrine carbonates) to new areas (i.e. ultra-deep South Atlantic basins) epitomizes frontier exploration. Many low-matrix-porosity hydrocarbon reservoirs are productive because permeability is controlled by fractures and faults. Understanding basic fracture properties is critical in reducing geological risk and therefore reducing well costs and increasing well recovery. The advent of resource plays in carbonate rocks, and the long-standing recognition of naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs means that new fracture and fault analysis and prediction techniques and concepts are essential. Akey area of progress has been integration of stratigraphic, structural, geomechanical and diagenetic analysis to populate reservoir models accurately. Dramatic increases in computing and digital imaging capabilities are being harnessed to improve spatial analysis and spatial statistics in reservoirs and ultimately improve 3D geocellular models. C1 [Garland, J.] Cambridge Carbonates Ltd, Solihull B91 3AP, W Midlands, England. [Neilson, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Laubach, S. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Whidden, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Garland, J (reprint author), Cambridge Carbonates Ltd, Northampton House,Poplar Rd, Solihull B91 3AP, W Midlands, England. EM jogarland@cambridgecarbonates.co.uk RI Laubach, Stephen/A-5737-2009 OI Laubach, Stephen/0000-0003-2511-9414 NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-350-9 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 370 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1144/SP370.15 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BB3PF UT WOS:000342943700001 ER PT B AU Lemckert, F Hecnar, SJ Pilliod, DS AF Lemckert, Francis Hecnar, Stephen J. Pilliod, David S. BE Heatwole, H Wilkinson, JW TI Loss and Modification of Habitat SO AMPHIBIAN BIOLOGY, VOL 10: CONSERVATION AND DECLINE OF AMPHIBIANS: ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS, EFFECT OF HUMANS, AND MANAGEMENT SE Amphibian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMPHIBIAN SPECIES RICHNESS; OREGON COAST RANGE; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS RAFINESQUE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BUFO-CALAMITA METAPOPULATION; LONG-TOED SALAMANDERS; POND WATER CHEMISTRY; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; FROG HYLA-ARBOREA C1 [Lemckert, Francis] Forests NSW, Forest Resources Res, Forest Biodivers, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. [Hecnar, Stephen J.] Lakehead Univ, Dept Biol, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Lemckert, F (reprint author), Forests NSW, Forest Resources Res, Forest Biodivers, POB 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia. EM frankl@sf.nsw.gov.au; stephen.hecnar@lakeheadu.ca; dpilliod@usgs.gov NR 435 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SURREY BEATTY & SONS PI CHIPPING NORTON NSW PA 32 RICKARD ROAD, CHIPPING NORTON NSW, 2170, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9803113-7-2 J9 AMPH BIOL JI Amphibian Biol. PY 2012 VL 10 BP 3291 EP 3342 PG 52 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA8WC UT WOS:000338902700004 ER PT B AU Pilliod, DS Griffiths, RA Kuzmin, SL AF Pilliod, David S. Griffiths, Richard A. Kuzmin, Sergius L. BE Heatwole, H Wilkinson, JW TI Ecological Impacts of Non-Native Species SO AMPHIBIAN BIOLOGY, VOL 10: CONSERVATION AND DECLINE OF AMPHIBIANS: ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS, EFFECT OF HUMANS, AND MANAGEMENT SE Amphibian Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; RED-LEGGED FROGS; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; SALAMANDERS AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BUFO-MARINUS ANURA; INTRODUCED BULLFROGS C1 [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Griffiths, Richard A.] Univ Kent, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov; R.A.Griffiths@kent.ac.uk; ipe51@yahoo.com NR 314 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SURREY BEATTY & SONS PI CHIPPING NORTON NSW PA 32 RICKARD ROAD, CHIPPING NORTON NSW, 2170, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9803113-7-2 J9 AMPH BIOL JI Amphibian Biol. PY 2012 VL 10 BP 3343 EP 3382 PG 40 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA8WC UT WOS:000338902700005 ER PT B AU Mineau, P Porter, S Meteyer, CU AF Mineau, Pierre Porter, Stuart Meteyer, Carol Uphoff BA Richards, N BF Richards, N TI Carbofuran: Toxicity, diagnosing poisoning and rehabilitation of poisoned birds SO CARBOFURAN AND WILDLIFE POISONING: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES AND FORENSIC APPROACHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBAMATE-INHIBITED BRAIN; ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY; ANTICHOLINESTERASE INSECTICIDES; CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATION; GRANULAR INSECTICIDES; LUMBRICUS-TERRESTRIS; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; METHYL PARATHION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA C1 [Mineau, Pierre] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Porter, Stuart] Blue Ridge Community Coll, Weyers Cave, VA 24486 USA. [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Mineau, P (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-99854-9; 978-0-470-74523-6 PY 2012 BP 19 EP 38 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BA5OO UT WOS:000336905400003 ER PT B AU Mineau, P Lyon, L McMillin, S AF Mineau, Pierre Lyon, Linda McMillin, Stella BA Richards, N BF Richards, N TI Impacts of carbofuran on birds in Canada and the United States SO CARBOFURAN AND WILDLIFE POISONING: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES AND FORENSIC APPROACHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRANULAR CARBOFURAN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INSECTICIDE USE; FIELD; WILDLIFE; PESTICIDE; MORTALITY; VEGETATION; CARBAMATE; RESIDUES C1 [Mineau, Pierre] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Lyon, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [McMillin, Stella] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Pesticide Invest Unit, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Mineau, P (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. NR 136 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-99854-9; 978-0-470-74523-6 PY 2012 BP 208 EP 250 PG 43 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BA5OO UT WOS:000336905400009 ER PT B AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David BE Boitani, L Powell, RA TI Carnivore Ecology and Conservation A Handbook of Techniques Foreword SO CARNIVORE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; WOLVES CANIS-LUPUS; FOX VULPES-VULPES; BADGER MELES-MELES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DOGS LYCAON-PICTUS; AFRICAN WILD DOGS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mech, L. David] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 2000 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955853-7; 978-0-19-177454-6; 978-0-19-955852-0 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2012 BP V EP + D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001 PG 114 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GZ UT WOS:000355680100001 ER PT B AU Fuller, MR Fuller, TK AF Fuller, Mark R. Fuller, Todd K. BE Boitani, L Powell, RA TI Radio-telemetry equipment and applications for carnivores SO CARNIVORE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Fuller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mark_fuller@usgs.gov; tkfuller@eco.umass.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955853-7; 978-0-19-177454-6; 978-0-19-955852-0 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2012 BP 152 EP 168 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GZ UT WOS:000355680100008 ER PT B AU Pollock, KH Nichols, JD Karanth, KU AF Pollock, Ken H. Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas BE Boitani, L Powell, RA TI Estimating demographic parameters SO CARNIVORE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pollock, Ken H.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Nichols, James D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. RP Pollock, KH (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM K.Pollock@murdoch.edu.au; jnichols@usgs.gov; ukaranth@wcs.org NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955853-7; 978-0-19-177454-6; 978-0-19-955852-0 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2012 BP 169 EP 187 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GZ UT WOS:000355680100009 ER PT B AU Mitchell, MS Hebblewhite, M AF Mitchell, Michael S. Hebblewhite, Mark BE Boitani, L Powell, RA TI Carnivore habitat ecology: integrating theory and application SO CARNIVORE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu; mark.hebblewhite@cfc.umt.edu RI hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955853-7; 978-0-19-177454-6; 978-0-19-955852-0 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2012 BP 218 EP 255 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001 PG 38 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GZ UT WOS:000355680100011 ER PT B AU Gese, EM Cooley, HS Knowlton, FF AF Gese, Eric M. Cooley, Hilary S. Knowlton, Frederick F. BE Boitani, L Powell, RA TI Designing a monitoring plan SO CARNIVORE ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION: A HANDBOOK OF TECHNIQUES SE Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gese, Eric M.; Knowlton, Frederick F.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cooley, Hilary S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fish & Wildlife Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu; hilarycooley@gmail.com; ffknowlton@msn.com RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955853-7; 978-0-19-177454-6; 978-0-19-955852-0 J9 TECH ECOL CONSERVAT PY 2012 BP 353 EP 361 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BC8GZ UT WOS:000355680100017 ER PT S AU Draut, AE Redsteer, MH Amoroso, L AF Draut, Amy E. Redsteer, Margaret Hiza Amoroso, Lee BE Giosan, L Fuller, DQ Nicoll, K Flad, RK Clift, PD TI Recent Seasonal Variations in Arid Landscape Cover and Aeolian Sand Mobility, Navajo Nation, Southwestern United States SO CLIMATES, LANDSCAPES, AND CIVILIZATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Geophysical-Union (AGU) Chapman Conference on Climates, Past Landscapes, and Civilizations CY MAR, 2011 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Amer Geophys Union ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND-TUNNEL; DUNE SAND; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT; EXAMPLES; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB The socioeconomic impacts of climate change pose problems not only in developing countries but also to residents of arid lands in the United States among marginalized societies with limited economic means. In the Navajo Nation, warming temperatures and recent drought have increased aeolian sediment mobility such that large, migrating sand dunes affect grazing lands, housing, and road access. Dust derived from this region also affects albedo and longevity of the Rocky Mountains snowpack, located downwind. We present initial results from a study that monitors sand transport and vegetation within a 0.2 km(2) site in the Navajo lands, measuring the effects of drought on landscape stability since 2009. Sand mobility decreased substantially as 1 year with near-normal monsoon rainfall (2010) somewhat abated a decade-long drought, temporarily doubling vegetation cover. Vegetation that grew during 2010, with adequate rain, died off rapidly during dry conditions in 2011. Short-term increases in rainfall that promote annual, but not perennial, plant growth will not improve landscape stability in the long term. Climate projections suggest that a warmer, drier climate and potentially enhanced sediment supply from ephemeral washes will further increase aeolian sand transport and dune activity, worsening the present challenges to people living in this region. Connections among climate, vegetation, and aeolian sediment erodibility in this region are highly relevant to other areas of the world with similar environmental problems. C1 [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Redsteer, Margaret Hiza; Amoroso, Lee] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM adraut@usgs.gov OI Hiza Redsteer, Margaret/0000-0003-2851-2502; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU U. S. Geological Survey FX This study was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey. We thank the Navajo Nation, and the Biggambler family, in particular, for allowing this study to occur in their grazing lands. R. L. Reynolds, editor K. Nichols, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive review comments that improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-488-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2012 VL 198 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1029/2012GM001214 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA BA3RK UT WOS:000334687700006 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment Introduction and Context SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; WAVE CLIMATE; STORM-SURGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WATER-QUALITY C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 654 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 1 EP + DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_1 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200001 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Physical Climate Forces SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 10 EP 51 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091460-4_2 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200002 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Vulnerability and Impacts on Natural Resources SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-4604_3 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200003 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Vulnerability and Impacts on Human Development SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 66 EP 97 DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200004 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Adaptation and Mitigation SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 98 EP 118 DI 10.5822/978-1-610914604_5 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200005 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Information Gaps and Science Needed to Support Sustainable Coasts SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-4604_6 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200006 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Chesapeake Bay Case Study SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200007 ER PT B AU Burkett, V Davidson, M AF Burkett, Virginia Davidson, Margaret BE Burkett, V Davidson, M TI Northern Gulf of Mexico Case Study SO COASTAL IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITIES: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Davidson, Margaret] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-366-5; 978-1-61091-460-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2012 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091460-4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-460-4 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA8CY UT WOS:000337976200008 ER PT B AU Brown, ML Schaeffer, TW Rosentrater, KA Barnes, ME Muthukumarappan, K AF Brown, Michael L. Schaeffer, Travis W. Rosentrater, Kurt A. Barnes, Michael E. Muthukumarappan, K. BE Liu, K Rosentrater, KA TI Feeding DDGS to Finfish SO DISTILLERS GRAINS: PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; JUVENILE HYBRID TILAPIA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PANTOTHENIC-ACID REQUIREMENT; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL REQUIREMENT C1 [Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Schaeffer, Travis W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Yankton, SD USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, North Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD USA. [Barnes, Michael E.] McNenny State Fish Hatchery, South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Spearfish, SD USA. [Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 342 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1726-1; 978-1-4398-1725-4 PY 2012 BP 341 EP 390 PG 50 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BC5CS UT WOS:000353169800017 ER PT J AU Lovich, J Agha, M Meulblok, M Meyer, K Ennen, J Loughran, C Madrak, S Bjurlin, C AF Lovich, Jeff Agha, Mickey Meulblok, Meaghan Meyer, Kathie Ennen, Josh Loughran, Caleb Madrak, Sheila Bjurlin, Curtis TI Climatic variation affects clutch phenology in Agassiz's desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate; Desert tortoise; Clutch phenology; Degree days; Biofix AB There is concern about how climate change might affect Agassiz's desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a threatened species. We studied the effects of climatic variation on clutch phenology of a population at a wind energy generation facility for 7 field seasons between 1997 and 2011. Using X-radiography, we quantified the following phenophases based on the number of calendar days to each event from 1 January: appearance and disappearance of 65 first and 53 second clutches, and inter-clutch intervals between first and second clutches. Although third clutches were rare (n = 8), they were observed in 5 of 7 yr and were produced by 8 different females, all of which produced a third clutch only once during the study. Shelled eggs were visible from as early as 11 April to as late as 28 July, and the overall time span that eggs were visible differed among years. After controlling for maternal effects, we observed statistically significant inter-annual variation in all phenophases except for inter-clutch interval. Clutch appearance was late in cool years relative to warm years and especially late after 2 consecutive cool years. Using degree day (DD) methodology, we calculated DD accumulation during the post-hibernation and nesting season for each year. We then used DD estimates for mean date of first clutch appearance to predict the mean date of first clutch appearance in subsequent years with 1 to 10 d accuracy for all but 1 yr (1998) with El Nino conditions. Clutch phenology appears to be correlated with inter-annual variation in climate and may be influenced by climatic events in previous years. C1 [Lovich, Jeff; Agha, Mickey; Meulblok, Meaghan; Ennen, Josh; Loughran, Caleb; Madrak, Sheila] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Meyer, Kathie] US Forest Serv, Front Country Ranger Dist, San Bernardino Natl Forest, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis] Stantec Consulting Serv Inc, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. RP Lovich, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831; Agha, Mickey/0000-0003-0961-8344 FU California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association, EarthWatch, and volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to Ramona Daniels, Rowland Griese, Mark Massar, and Gavin Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. Al Muth kindly provided accommodations at the Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center of the University of California, Riverside, during our research. Mart Westbrooks and Kip Madsen allowed us to use their veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. Charlie Porter and Annette Burvick of the Flagstaff Medical Center also provided access to processing facilities. Retired US Geological Survey geologist Richard Hereford provided weather data. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission-Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program, California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. Research was conducted under permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the BLM. We are grateful to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Northern Arizona University for reviewing and approving our research procedures. Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted greatly from comments offered by Ken Nussear and Fred Janzen. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.3354/esr00463 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V41RB UT WOS:000209562200007 ER PT J AU Hall, EK Besemer, K Kohl, L Preiler, C Riedel, K Schneider, T Wanek, W Battin, TJ AF Hall, E. K. Besemer, K. Kohl, L. Preiler, C. Riedel, K. Schneider, T. Wanek, W. Battin, T. J. TI Effects of resource chemistry on the composition and function of stream hyporheic biofilms SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofilms; enzyme activity; leachate; stream ecology; microbial community composition; metaproteome AB Fluvial ecosystems process large quantities of dissolved organic matter as it moves from the headwater streams to the sea. In particular, hyporheic sediments are centers of high biogeochemical reactivity due to their elevated residence time and high microbial biomass and activity. However, the interaction between organic matter and microbial dynamics in the hyporheic zone remains poorly understood. We evaluated how variance in resource chemistry affected the microbial community and its associated activity in experimentally grown hyporheic biofilms. To do this we fed beech leaf leachates that differed in chemical composition to a series of bioreactors filled with sediment from a sub-alpine stream. Differences in resource chemistry resulted in differences in diversity and phylogenetic origin of microbial proteins, enzyme activity, and microbial biomass stoichiometry. Specifically, increased lignin, phenolics, and manganese in a single leachate resulted in increased phenoloxidase and peroxidase activity, elevated microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen ratio, and a greater proportion of proteins of Betaproteobacteria origin. We used this model system to attempt to link microbial form (community composition and metaproteome) with function (enzyme activity) in order to better understand the mechanisms that link resource heterogeneity to ecosystem function in stream ecosystems. C1 [Hall, E. K.; Besemer, K.; Battin, T. J.] Univ Vienna, Dept Limnol, Vienna, Austria. [Hall, E. K.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kohl, L.; Wanek, W.] Univ Vienna, Dept Chem Ecol & Ecosyst Res, Vienna, Austria. [Preiler, C.; Battin, T. J.] WasserCluster Lunz GmbH, Lunz Am See, Australia. [Riedel, K.; Schneider, T.] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, Dept Microbiol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hall, EK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ed.hall@colostate.edu RI Wanek, Wolfgang/E-7001-2012; Kohl, Lukas/J-2652-2012; Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014 OI Wanek, Wolfgang/0000-0003-2178-8258; Kohl, Lukas/0000-0002-5902-9444; FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects START [Y420-B17]; MICDIF [S10005-B17] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Gerti Steniczka and Margarete Watzka, Claudia Hinterleitner, and leda Haemmerle for assistance in the laboratory: Financial support came from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects START (Y420-B17) and MICDIF (S10005-B17) to T. J. Battin. The manuscript was greatly improved by addressing a series of specific critiques from three reviewers and an additional comment from Claudia Michaela Boot. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 25 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 35 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00035 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600089 PM 22347877 ER PT J AU Yeager, CM Kuske, CR Carney, TD Johnson, SL Ticknor, LO Belnap, J AF Yeager, Chris M. Kuske, Cheryl R. Carney, Travis D. Johnson, Shannon L. Ticknor, Lawrence O. Belnap, Jayne TI Response of biological soil crust diazotrophs to season, altered summer precipitation, and year-round increased temperature in an arid grassland of the Colorado Plateau, USA SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; nifH; cyanobacteria; climate change; semi-arid; altered precipitation; nitrogen fixation; Scytonema AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which supply significant amounts of fixed nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems worldwide (-33Tg y-1), are likely to respond to changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate change. Using nifH gene-based surveys, we explored variation in the diazotrophic community of biocrusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA in response to season (autumn vs. spring), as well as field manipulations that increased the frequency of small volume precipitation events and year-round soil temperature. Abundance of nifH genes in biocrusts ranged from 3 x 106 to 1 x 108 g-1 soil, and nifH from heterocystous cyanobacteria closely related to Scytonema hyalinum, Spirirestis rafaelensis, and Nostoc commune comprised >98% of the total. Although there was no apparent seasonal effect on total nifH gene abundance in the biocrusts, T-RFLP analysis revealed a strong seasonal pattern in nifH composition. Spirirestis nifH abundance was estimated to oscillate 1 to >2 orders of magnitude between autumn (low) and spring (high). A yearround increase of soil temperature (2-3 C) had little effect on the diazotroph community structure over 2 years. Altered summer precipitation had little impact on diazotroph community structure over the first 1.5 years of the study, when natural background patterns across years and seasons superseded any treatment effects. However, after the second summer of treatments, nifH abundance was 2.6-fold lower in biocrusts receiving altered precipitation. Heterocystous cyanobacteria were apparently more resilient to altered precipitation than other cyanobacteria. The results demonstrate that diazotrophic community composition of biocrusts in this semi-arid grassland undergoes strong seasonal shifts and that the abundance of its dominant members decreased in response to more frequent, small volume precipitation events. C1 [Yeager, Chris M.; Kuske, Cheryl R.; Carney, Travis D.; Johnson, Shannon L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biochem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ticknor, Lawrence O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. RP Yeager, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biochem, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cyeager@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Shannon/0000-0002-3972-9208 FU US Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Office [2005LANLE660, ER64550-10314940014103]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The US Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Office (through grants to Cheryl R. Kuske (2005LANLE660) and Jayne Belnap [ER64550-10314940014103]) and the U.S. Geological Survey supported this research. The authors thank the DOE Joint Genome Institute for Sanger sequencing of Mill gene clone libraries. We also thank La Verne Gallegos-Graves, Rachel Wise, Shannon Silva, Amanda Turner, Ed Grote, and David Housman for excellent technical support, and Sasha Reed and Blair Stevens for helpful discussions and critical reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 38 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 358 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00358 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600360 PM 23087679 ER PT J AU Tanaka, KL Hartmann, WK AF Tanaka, K. L. Hartmann, W. K. BE Gradstein, FM Ogg, JG Schmitz, MD Ogg, GM TI The Planetary Time Scale SO GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2012, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; IMPACT CRATER DENSITIES; LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; GLOBAL SURVEYOR DATA; MAIN-BELT ASTEROIDS; ART. NO. 5111; EARLY MARS; RESURFACING HISTORY; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION AB Formal stratigraphic systems have been developed for the surface materials of Earth's Moon, Mars, and Mercury. The systems are based on regional and global geologic mapping, which establishes relative ages of surfaces delineated by superposition, morphology, impact crater densities, and other relations and features. Referent units selected from the mapping determine time-stratigraphic bases and/or representative materials characteristic of events and periods for definition of chronologic units. Approximate absolute ages of these units in most cases can be established using crater size-frequency data. For the Moon, the chronologic units and cratering record are calibrated by radiometric ages measured from samples collected from the lunar surface by the Apollo and Luna missions. Model ages for other cratered planetary surfaces are constructed by two methods: (1) estimating relative cratering rates with Earth's Moon, and (2) estimating cratering rates directly based on surveys of the sizes and trajectories of asteroids and comets. Other cratered bodies with estimated surface ages include Venus and the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. C1 [Tanaka, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hartmann, W. K.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Tanaka, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM ktanaka@usgs.gov; hartmann@psi.edu NR 147 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-459425-9 PY 2012 BP 275 EP 298 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00015-9 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA BE2BX UT WOS:000368986200016 ER PT J AU Henderson, CM Davydov, VI Wardlaw, BR Gradstein, FM Hammer, O AF Henderson, C. M. Davydov, V. I. Wardlaw, B. R. Gradstein, F. M. Hammer, O. BE Gradstein, FM Ogg, JG Schmitz, MD Ogg, GM TI The Permian Period SO GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2012, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL STRATOTYPE SECTION; REEF TRAIL MEMBER; POINT GSSP; TRIASSIC MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; CHANGHSINGIAN STAGE; MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH CHINA; EVOLUTION; BOUNDARY; BASE AB Pangea moves north. Ice-house to greenhouse (humid to arid) climate transition; dramatic reduction of coal swamps and amphibian habitat; some spore-bearing plants extinct; major evaporites; changes in internal and external carbonate invertebrate skeletons; major diversification of fusulinacean foraminifers, ammonoids, bryozoans, and brachiopods, then major end-Permian extinction of fusulinacean foraminifers, trilobites, rugose and tabulate corals, blastoids, acanthodians, placoderms, and pelycosaurs; dramatic reduction of bryozoans, brachiopods, ammonoids, sharks, bony fish, crinoids, eurypterids, ostracodes, and echinoderms. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Henderson, C. M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Davydov, V. I.] Boise State Univ, Permian Res Inst, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wardlaw, B. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Gradstein, F. M.; Hammer, O.] Univ Oslo, Geol Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. RP Henderson, CM (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM cmhender@ucalgary.ca; vdavydov@boisestate.edu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov; felix.gradstein@nhm.uio.no; oyvind.hammer@nhm.uio.no NR 96 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-459425-9 PY 2012 BP 653 EP 679 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00024-X PG 27 WC Geology SC Geology GA BE2BX UT WOS:000368986200025 ER PT J AU McIntosh, A McHugh, P Budy, P AF McIntosh, Angus McHugh, Peter Budy, Phaedra BE Francis, RA TI Salmo trutta L. (brown trout) SO HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; NATIVE STREAM FISHES; WHITE-SPOTTED CHARR; NEW-ZEALAND STREAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; INTRODUCED PREDATOR; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; ALIEN SALMONIDS; GREAT-BASIN C1 [McIntosh, Angus; McHugh, Peter] Univ Canterbury, Freshwater Ecol Res Grp, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McIntosh, A (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Freshwater Ecol Res Grp, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM angus.mcintosh@canterbury.ac.nz; pete.mchugh@canterbury.ac.nz; phaedra.budy@usu.edu NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHSCAN PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 3 ENDSLEIGH ST, LONDON WCIH 0DD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13646-125-5 PY 2012 BP 285 EP 296 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC8HH UT WOS:000355684900025 ER PT J AU Bertolino, S Guichon, ML Carter, J AF Bertolino, Sandro Laura Guichon, M. Carter, Jacoby BE Francis, RA TI Myocastor coypus Molina (coypu) SO HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS; FERAL COYPUS; HABITAT-USE; NUTRIA; POPULATION; WETLAND; ERADICATION; DETERMINANTS; AGROSYSTEMS; LOUISIANA C1 [Bertolino, Sandro] DIVAPRA Dept Protect & Exploitat Agr Resources En, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. [Laura Guichon, M.] Univ Nacl Lujan, Ecol Mamiferos Introducidos, Dept Ciencias Basicas, RA-6700 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Bertolino, S (reprint author), DIVAPRA Dept Protect & Exploitat Agr Resources En, Via L da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. EM sandro.bertolino@unito.it; mlguichon@unlu.edu.ar; jacobycarter@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU EARTHSCAN PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 3 ENDSLEIGH ST, LONDON WCIH 0DD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13646-125-5 PY 2012 BP 357 EP 368 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC8HH UT WOS:000355684900031 ER PT J AU Choudhury, A Cole, R AF Choudhury, Anindo Cole, Rebecca BE Francis, RA TI Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti (Asian tapeworm) SO HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; CAROLINA COOLING RESERVOIR; CHUB GILA-ELEGANS; COLORADO RIVER; HUMPBACK CHUB; GRAND-CANYON; GRASS CARP; CESTODA-PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA; HELMINTH-PARASITES C1 [Choudhury, Anindo] St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. [Cole, Rebecca] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Choudhury, A (reprint author), St Norbert Coll, Div Nat Sci, 100 Grant St, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. EM anindo.choudhury@snc.edu; rcole@usgs.gov NR 102 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU EARTHSCAN PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 3 ENDSLEIGH ST, LONDON WCIH 0DD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-13646-125-5 PY 2012 BP 385 EP 400 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC8HH UT WOS:000355684900033 ER PT B AU Lafferty, KD Kuris, AM AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Kuris, Armand M. BE Hughes, DP Brodeur, J Thomas, F TI Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites SO HOST MANIPULATION BY PARASITES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERTIDAL SHELLFISH; TROPHIC TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; NEW-ZEALAND; BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; PREY; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM klafferty@usgs.gov; kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-964223-6; 978-0-19-177462-1; 978-0-19-964223-6 PY 2012 BP 158 EP 168 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642236.001.0001 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Parasitology SC Evolutionary Biology; Parasitology GA BC7UX UT WOS:000355229000018 ER PT B AU Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Lyon, John G. Huete, Alfredo BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Advances in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Agricultural Croplands SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; CANOPY WATER-CONTENT; NARROW-BAND; BROAD-BAND; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; REFLECTANCE DATA; HETEROGENEOUS GRASSLAND; PRECISION AGRICULTURE C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Las Vegas Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Huete, Alfredo] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 35 PG 33 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500003 ER PT B AU Thenkabail, PS AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION Preface SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP XIII EP XIV PG 2 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500002 ER PT B AU Nagler, PL Sridhar, BBM Olsson, AD van Leeuwen, WJD Glenn, EP AF Nagler, Pamela Lynn Sridhar, B. B. Maruthi Olsson, Aaryn Dyami van Leeuwen, Willem J. D. Glenn, Edward P. BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Tools for Quantifying Plant Litter and Invasive Species in Arid Ecosystems SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISCRIMINATING CROP RESIDUES; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LANDSAT TM DATA; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; TAMARISK TAMARIX; SURFACE SOILS; LIGHT C1 [Nagler, Pamela Lynn] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sridhar, B. B. Maruthi] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Olsson, Aaryn Dyami] No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Coll Engn Forestry & Nat Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Off Arid Lands Studies, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 361 EP 393 PG 33 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500018 ER PT B AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Wetland Vegetation SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA DIEBACK; CHINESE TALLOW; COASTAL LOUISIANA; IMAGE DATA; REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA; LEAVES C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III; Rangoonwala, Amina] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 487 EP 511 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500023 ER PT B AU Slonecker, ET AF Slonecker, E. Terrence BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Analysis of the Effects of Heavy Metals on Vegetation Hyperspectral Reflectance Properties SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; RED-EDGE; RIVER FLOODPLAINS; BROAD-BAND; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; SUBSTITUTED CHLOROPHYLLS; MINERAL EXPLORATION; FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; SOIL CONTAMINATION C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 561 EP 578 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500025 ER PT B AU Vaughan, RG Titus, TN Johnson, JR Hagerty, JJ Gaddis, LR Soderblom, LA Geissler, PE AF Vaughan, R. Greg Titus, Timothy N. Johnson, Jeffery R. Hagerty, Justin J. Gaddis, Lisa R. Soderblom, Laurence A. Geissler, Paul E. BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Hyperspectral Analysis of Rocky Surfaces on the Earth and Other Planetary Bodies SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; 1ST MERCURY FLYBY; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JUPITERS ATMOSPHERE; NEUTRON DETECTOR; THERMAL EMISSION C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg; Titus, Timothy N.; Johnson, Jeffery R.; Hagerty, Justin J.; Gaddis, Lisa R.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Geissler, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 637 EP 660 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500029 ER PT B AU Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Lyon, John G. Huete, Alfredo BE Thenkabail, PS Lyon, JG Huete, A TI Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Agricultural Crops: Knowledge Gain and Knowledge Gap After 40 Years of Research SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF VEGETATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lyon, John G.] US EPA, Las Vegas Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Huete, Alfredo] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Huete, Alfredo] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4538-7; 978-1-4398-4537-0 PY 2012 BP 663 EP 688 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Remote Sensing GA BC7PO UT WOS:000355136500030 ER PT B AU Raffaelli, D Friedlander, AM AF Raffaelli, David Friedlander, Alan M. BE Solan, M Aspden, RJ Paterson, DM TI Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: an ecosystem-level approach SO MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: FRAMEWORKS, METHODOLOGIES, AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; ESTUARINE FOOD-WEB; LONG-TERM CHANGES; YTHAN ESTUARY; MARINE RESERVES; MACROALGAL MATS; CORAL-REEFS; ECOLOGY; SCOTLAND; ABERDEENSHIRE C1 [Raffaelli, David] Univ York, Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Raffaelli, D (reprint author), Univ York, Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM Dr3@york.ac.uk; alan.friedlander@hawaii.edu NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-964226-7; 978-0-19-177476-8; 978-0-19-964225-0 PY 2012 BP 149 EP 163 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642250.001.0001 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7UN UT WOS:000355219700011 ER PT J AU Carneire, APB Jimenez, JE White, TH Soto-Gamboa, MR AF Carneire, Ana Paula B. Jimenez, Jaime E. White, Thomas H., Jr. Soto-Gamboa, Mauricio R. TI DISTRIBUTION OF SLENDER-BILLED PARAKEETS (ENICOGNATHUS LEPTORHYNCHUS) IN A FRAGMENTED AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF SOUTHERN CHILE SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Enicognathus leptorhynchus; Slender-billed Parakeet; agricultural landscape; Chile; forest fragmentation; Psittacidae; scattered trees AB Understanding the basis of habitat choices has important implications in the formulation of practical conservation or management policies. Our objectives were: 1) to determine how Slender-billed Parakeets (Enicognathus leptorhynchus) used a fragmented agricultural landscape of southern Chile in terms of landscape cover and scattered tree elements, 2) to examine seasonal variations, and 3) to provide conservation recommendations to landowners and managers interested in conserving the species and the habitats it uses. We estimated parakeet abundances and landscape components by sampling 30 36-km(2) sites across a 50 by 80 km region, centered at Osorno. Landscape components were used in a multiple linear regression to detect associations between these elements and Slender-billed Parakeet abundances. The results obtained revealed the ability of the vulnerable Slender-billed Parakeet to utilize a mosaic landscape. Parakeets used the landscape differently according to seasons. Associations between parakeet abundances and landscape elements during the non-breeding season were not detected. However, large numbers of scattered trees appeared to be important to support larger parakeet abundances during the breeding season. Mature trees, available in the landscape only as scattered trees, benefit Slender-billed Parakeets as nesting and feeding places - the two most important determinants of their presence. Scattered trees can also benefit the species by facilitating movement across agricultural landscapes. The persistence of the Slender-billed Parakeet in this landscape is intrinsically linked to the conservation and perpetuation of any remaining portion of original old-growth forest, especially the scattered mature trees. Many alternatives and recommendations from this study may have applicability to similar landscapes throughout the world. Accepted 26 May 2012. C1 [Carneire, Ana Paula B.] Univ Los Lagos, Lab Vida Silvestre, Osorno, Chile. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Subantarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, Dept Philosophy & Relig Studies, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ Magallanes, Omora Ethnobot Pk, Puerto Williams, Chile. [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Soto-Gamboa, Mauricio R.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile. RP Carneire, APB (reprint author), Univ Los Lagos, Lab Vida Silvestre, Ave Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile. EM anap_bertoldi@yahoo.com.br FU GET SIRAP; Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre of Universidad de Los Lagos; United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program; Parrots International; Amigos de las Aves USA Parrot Conservation Fund FX This study was supported in part by GET SIRAP, Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre of Universidad de Los Lagos, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Parrots International, Amigos de las Aves USA Parrot Conservation Fund, and T. Pittman. We thank all the landowners who allowed us to work on their properties and the volunteers that helped us to monitor the parakeets. D. Brightsmith, J. A. Collazo, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. Chile's Forest Service provided digital vegetation maps. The use of trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V40HH UT WOS:000209469200006 ER PT J AU Bibles, BD Boal, CW AF Bibles, Brent D. Boal, Clint W. TI MORPHOMETRIC-BASED SEXUAL DETERMINATION OF BANANAQUITS (COEREBA FLAVEOLA) SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Bananaquit; Coereba flaveola; monomorphic plumage; morphometry; sex determination; size dimorphism AB The Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a common passerine throughout the tropics and has been a convenient species for ecological studies. This species has sexually monomorphic plumage and cannot be reliably sexed unless in breeding condition. This is problematic for demographic and comparative studies, which are contingent upon accurately aging and sexing individuals. Although male Bananaquits are larger than females, there is overlap in both wing chord and mass. We used morphometric data collected over eight years to develop a predictive model based on logistic regression to assign adult Bananaquits to sex. Our model classified 96% of validation individuals to the correct sex. We suggest that this approach may enhance ecological studies of the species by facilitating correct sex determination independent of breeding status. We believe our modeling approach is applicable elsewhere but, because there may be geographical variation across the species distribution, models will need to be customized to local populations, Accepted 8 December 2012. C1 [Bibles, Brent D.] Unity Coll, Unity, ME 04988 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bibles, BD (reprint author), Unity Coll, Unity, ME 04988 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Jarecki family; Falconwood Foundation; Conservation Agency FX Our thanks to the Jarecki family, the Falconwood Foundation, and The Conservation Agency for their continued access to Guana Island and support for this research, and to the USGS Cooperative Research Units and Utah State University for facilitating this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Special thanks to J. D. Lazell and G. Perry for coordinating research opportunities on Guana Island. We thank T. S. Estabrook, T. Willard, S. Cooper, E. P. Estabrook, and several other volunteers that have assisted in the ornithological research program on the island. This manuscript benefitted from the thoughtful reviews and suggestions of J. M. Wunderle and S. Koenig. We thank J. W. Beltran S. for kindly providing the Spanish language abstract. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA V40HJ UT WOS:000209469400004 ER PT B AU Simoes, FJM Kinzel, PJ AF Simoes, Francisco J. M. Kinzel, Paul J. BE Munoz, RM TI Unsteady flow in natural compound channel: experiment and simulation SO RIVER FLOW 2012, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow) CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL San Jose, COSTA RICA SP Colegio Ingenieros Civiles Costa Rica, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Comm Fluvial Hydraul AB Phragmites Australis, or common reed, is an invasive plant species that has spread along channels of the Platte River (Nebraska, USA), adversely altering the biogeomorphology of the system. Of particular interest have been the impacts on riparian habitat, specifically the reduction of suitable areas for crane roosting and shorebird nesting. A program for managing and removing these and other invasive plant species has been in place to mitigate these effects. Spraying and mechanical removal of phragmites has been the established practice, but there is interest in evaluating other potential forms of maintenance, in particular the potential of uprooting seedlings using high velocity/high shear flows. For that purpose, in 2010 a high flow experiment was conducted on a return channel to the Platte River that feeds from the Thirty Mile Canal near Brady, Nebraska. As part of the experiment, a 250-meter long reach of the channel was monitored and data were collected for the set-up, testing, and evaluation of numerical models. This article presents a description of the experimental conditions, data-collection program, and application of an unsteady, depth-averaged numerical model to reproduce the event. C1 [Simoes, Francisco J. M.; Kinzel, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Simoes, FJM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-07635-4; 978-0-415-62129-8 PY 2012 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB8ZI UT WOS:000347871500035 ER PT B AU Nelson, JM McDonald, RR Kinzel, PJ Shimizu, Y AF Nelson, J. M. McDonald, R. R. Kinzel, P. J. Shimizu, Y. BE Munoz, RM TI Using computational modeling of river flow with remotely sensed data to Infer Channel Bathymetry SO RIVER FLOW 2012, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow) CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL San Jose, COSTA RICA SP Colegio Ingenieros Civiles Costa Rica, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Comm Fluvial Hydraul ID MORPHOLOGY; LIDAR AB As part of an ongoing investigation into the use of computational river flow and morphodynamic models for the purpose of correcting and extending remotely sensed river data sets, a simple method for inferring channel bathymetry is developed and discussed. The method is based on an inversion of the equations expressing conservation of mass and momentum to develop equations that can be solved for depth given known values of vertically-averaged velocity and water-surface elevation. The ultimate goal of this work is to combine imperfect remotely sensed data on river planform, water-surface elevation and water-surface velocity in order to estimate depth and other physical parameters of river channels. In this paper, the technique is examined using synthetic data sets that are developed directly from the application of forward two-and three-dimensional flow models. These data sets are constrained to satisfy conservation of mass and momentum, unlike typical remotely sensed field data sets. This provides a better understanding of the process and also allows assessment of how simple inaccuracies in remotely sensed estimates might propagate into depth estimates. The technique is applied to three simple cases: First, depth is extracted from a synthetic data set of vertically averaged velocity and water-surface elevation; second, depth is extracted from the same data set but with a normally-distributed random error added to the water-surface elevation; third, depth is extracted from a synthetic data set for the same river reach using computed water-surface velocities (in place of depth-integrated values) and water-surface elevations. In each case, the extracted depths are compared to the actual measured depths used to construct the synthetic data sets (with two-and three-dimensional flow models). Errors in water-surface elevation and velocity that are very small degrade depth estimates and cannot be recovered. Errors in depth estimates associated with assuming water-surface velocities equal to depth-integrated velocities are substantial, but can be reduced with simple corrections. C1 [Nelson, J. M.; McDonald, R. R.; Kinzel, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shimizu, Y.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638; Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 FU USGS National Research Program; Office of Naval Research [N0001411IP20051] FX This work was supported by the USGS National Research Program and by the Office of Naval Research through award N0001411IP20051 ( Development and Testing of Physically- Based Methods for Filling Gaps in Remotely Sensed River Data). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-07635-4; 978-0-415-62129-8 PY 2012 BP 761 EP 768 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB8ZI UT WOS:000347871500103 ER PT B AU Sloff, KCJ Nieuwboer, B Logan, B Nelson, J AF Sloff, Kees C. J. Nieuwboer, Bas Logan, Brandy Nelson, Jonathan BE Munoz, RM TI Effect of sediment entrainment and avalanching on modeling of Grand Canyon eddy bars SO RIVER FLOW 2012, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow) CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL San Jose, COSTA RICA SP Colegio Ingenieros Civiles Costa Rica, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Comm Fluvial Hydraul ID PICKUP PROBABILITY; LOAD TRANSPORT; BED AB With the use of more detailed 3D hydrodynamic flow solvers, their extension to morphodynamic models is hampered by the limited possibilities to include details of turbulence and 3D flow patterns into sediment entrainment and transport models. In this study we extended a three-dimensional (Delft3D) approach with HLES and k-epsilon turbulence, with several entrainment and avalanching models. We tested their performance on an extensively monitored eddy-bar development in the Grand Canyon. We applied the model to a rapid-pool system at Mile 45 (Eminence) for the 2008 high flow experiment conditions, and compared the morphological results to detailed topographic multi-beam sonar data collected during this flood. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of morphology to spatial variations in turbulent energy, as well as to probabilistic formulation of bed-shear velocities and critical Shields parameters. These approaches can counteract to some extent the overprediction of sedimentation in the eddy-eye, and underprediction of side-slope erosion of the bar. Simple avalanching approaches based on local bed-slope did not contribute significantly to a further improvement of predictions of the observed erosion at side slopes, and a reduction of the (overestimated) sand-bar width. Despite the insights gained in the morphological response of the various approaches, a definite choice for an entrainment model still can not be made. For predictability of the considered sand bars in the Grand Canyon more research is required to include large-scale underwater slumping processes during the rising limb of the flood in these models. C1 [Sloff, Kees C. J.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Nieuwboer, Bas] Delft Univ Technol Delft, Delft, Netherlands. [Logan, Brandy; Nelson, Jonathan] USGS Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sloff, KCJ (reprint author), Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. FU Strategic Research of Deltares FX Part of this research was carried out by Strategic Research funds of Deltares, and as part of rivermorphological research of Delft University, for which they are greatly acknowledged. Also the contribution of USGS- Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory and USGS- Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, in terms of field data, contributions to the model development, review and discussions are highly esteemed. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-07635-4; 978-0-415-62129-8 PY 2012 BP 791 EP 798 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB8ZI UT WOS:000347871500107 ER PT B AU Asahi, K Yoshida, Y Tsunematsu, H Shimizu, Y Nelson, J AF Asahi, K. Yoshida, Y. Tsunematsu, H. Shimizu, Y. Nelson, J. BE Munoz, RM TI Development of the iRIC Software for River analysis SO RIVER FLOW 2012, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow) CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL San Jose, COSTA RICA SP Colegio Ingenieros Civiles Costa Rica, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Comm Fluvial Hydraul ID CHANNELS AB In this paper, the feature of iRIC(International River interface Cooperative) software is described. It has been developed for research and education, engineering use, and provided with free. The iRIC software is developed to promote the mutual understanding of numerical models in river engineering field. The functions which can provide the numerical models are developed. Developer can provide the numerical model using easy XML scheme for other researchers. It can promote the validation and understanding for its model. Also the functions which can edit several geographic data and create appropriate structured/unstructured grid for complicated river shape are developed. It can promote the application of numerical model for actual rivers in the world. As a result, the iRIC software development contributes the improvement of numerical model's accuracy and the application ability. C1 [Asahi, K.; Yoshida, Y.; Tsunematsu, H.] River Ctr Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Shimizu, Y.] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nelson, J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. RP Asahi, K (reprint author), River Ctr Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-07635-4; 978-0-415-62129-8 PY 2012 BP 1133 EP 1138 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB8ZI UT WOS:000347871500151 ER PT B AU Jennings, CA AF Jennings, Cecil A. BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Communicating Science: From Cuneiform to the Contemporary and Beyond SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800001 ER PT B AU Zale, AV Hewitt, DA Murphy, BR AF Zale, Alexander V. Hewitt, David A. Murphy, Brian R. BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Style, Usage, Grammar, and Punctuation SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hewitt, David A.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Murphy, Brian R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zale, AV (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM zale@montana.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800004 ER PT B AU Eells, L Vondracek, R Vondracek, B AF Eells, Linda Vondracek, Ruth Vondracek, Bruce BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Fishing the Deep Web: The Search for Information SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRAY LITERATURE; JOURNALS; ACCESS C1 [Eells, Linda] Univ Minnesota, Entomol Fisheries & Wildlife Lib, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Ruth] Oregon State Univ, Oregon State Univ Lib, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vondracek, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bvondrac@umn.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 47 EP 63 PG 17 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800005 ER PT B AU Mather, ME Parrish, DL Dettmers, JM AF Mather, Martha E. Parrish, Donna L. Dettmers, John M. BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Now that You Have Great Results, Where Should You Submit Your Manuscript? SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JOURNAL IMPACT FACTORS; COMMUNICATION C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM mmather@ksu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 133 PG 13 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800009 ER PT B AU Schramm, HL Miranda, LE AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Miranda, Leandro E. BE Jennings, CA Lauer, TE Vondracek, B TI Responding to Peer Review and Editor's Comments SO SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REFEREES C1 [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.; Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-28-8 PY 2012 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BA5DU UT WOS:000336557800010 ER PT J AU Usery, EL Varanka, D AF Usery, E. Lynn Varanka, Dalia TI Design and development of linked data from The National Map SO SEMANTIC WEB LA English DT Article DE Geospatial semantics; topographic data; The National Map; SPARQL endpoint; geographic features AB The development of linked data on the World-Wide Web provides the opportunity for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to supply its extensive volumes of geospatial data, information, and knowledge in a machine interpretable form and reach users and applications that heretofore have been unavailable. To pilot a process to take advantage of this opportunity, the USGS is developing an ontology for The National Map and converting selected data from nine research test areas to a Semantic Web format to support machine processing and linked data access. In a case study, the USGS has developed initial methods for legacy vector and raster formatted geometry, attributes, and spatial relationships to be accessed in a linked data environment maintaining the capability to generate graphic or image output from semantic queries. The description of an initial USGS approach to developing ontology, linked data, and initial query capability from The National Map databases is presented. C1 [Usery, E. Lynn; Varanka, Dalia] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Usery, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM usery@usgs.gov OI Varanka, Dalia/0000-0003-2857-9600 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0844 EI 2210-4968 J9 SEMANT WEB JI Semant. Web PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 371 EP 384 DI 10.3233/SW-2011-0054 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V39UW UT WOS:000209436900004 ER PT B AU Jayko, AS Bursik, M AF Jayko, Angela S. Bursik, Marcus BE Busby, C Azor, A TI Active transtensional intracontinental basins: Walker Lane belt in the western Great Basin SO TECTONICS OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: RECENT ADVANCES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE transpressional basins; Walker Lane; Owens Valley graben; Quaternary bimodal continental volcanism; neogene transpression ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; ANCESTRAL CASCADES ARC; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTH-AMERICAN; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; CENOZOIC EVOLUTION AB The geometry and dimensions of sedimentary basins within the Walker Lane are a result of Plio-Pleistocene transtensive deformation and partial detachment of the Sierra Nevada crustal block from the North American plate. Distinct morpho-tectonic domains lie within this active transtensive zone. The northeast end of the Walker Lane is partly buried by active volcanism of the southern Cascades, and adjacent basins are filled or poorly developed. To the south, the basin sizes are moderate, 25-45km x 15-10 km, with narrow 8-12km wide mountain ranges mainly oriented N-S to NNE. These basins form subparallel arrays in discrete zones trending about 300 degrees and have documented clockwise rotation. This is succeeded to the south by a releasing stepover domain similar to 85-100km wide, where the basins are elongated E-W to ENE, small (similar to 15-30km long, 5-15km wide), and locally occupied by active volcanic centers. The southernmost part of the Walker Lane is structurally integrated, with high to extreme relief. Adjacent basins are elongate, 50-200km long and similar to 5 -20km wide. Variations in transtensive basin orientations in the Walker Lane are largely attributable to variations in strain partitioning. Large basins in the Walker Lane have 2-6km displacement across basin bounding faults with up to 3 km of clastic accumulation based on gravity and drill hole data. The sedimentary deposits of the basins may include interbedded volcanic deposits with bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic associations. The basins may include lacustrine deposits that record a wide range of water chemistry from cold fresh water conditions to saline-evaporative. C1 [Jayko, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Bursik, Marcus] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jayko, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, 3000 E Line St, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RI Azor, Antonio/K-9761-2014 NR 94 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-4713-5; 978-1-4051-9465-5 PY 2012 BP 226 EP 248 PG 23 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BA5TG UT WOS:000336999700012 ER PT B AU Draut, AE Clift, PD AF Draut, Amy E. Clift, Peter D. BE Busby, C Azor, A TI Basins in arc-continent collisions SO TECTONICS OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: RECENT ADVANCES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE arc continent collision; forearc basin; backarc basin; trench slope basin; tectonic erosion ID WRANGELLIA COMPOSITE TERRANE; SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES; SUBMARINE SILICIC CALDERA; OCEANIC ISLAND-ARC; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FORE-ARC; STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CENOZOIC EVOLUTION; MARGINAL BASINS AB Arc-continent collisions occur commonly in the plate-tectonic cycle and result in rapidly formed and rapidly collapsing orogens, often spanning just 5-15 My. Growth of continental masses through arc-continent collision is widely thought to be a major process governing the structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust over geologic time. Collisions of intra-oceanic arcs with passive continental margins (a situation in which the arc, on the upper plate, faces the continent) involve a substantially different geometry than collisions of intra-oceanic arcs with active continental margins (a situation requiring more than one convergence zone and in which the arc, on the lower plate, backs into the continent), with variable preservation potential for basins in each case. Substantial differences also occur between trench and forearc evolution in tectonically erosive versus tectonically accreting margins, both before and after collision. We examine the evolution of trenches, trench-slope basins, forearc basins, intra-arc basins, and backarc basins during arc-continent collision. The preservation potential of trench-slope basins is low; in collision they are rapidly uplifted and eroded, and at erosive margins they are progressively destroyed by subduction erosion. Post-collisional preservation of trench sediment and trench-slope basins is biased toward margins that were tectonically accreting for a substantial length of time before collision. Forearc basins in erosive margins are usually floored by strong lithosphere and may survive collision with a passive margin, sometimes continuing sedimentation throughout collision and orogeny. The low flexural rigidity of intra-arc basins makes them deep and, if preserved, potentially long records of arc and collisional tectonism. Backarc basins, in contrast, are typically subducted and their sediment either lost or preserved only as fragments in melange sequences. A substantial proportion of the sediment derived from collisional orogenesis ends up in the foreland basin that forms as a result of collision, and may be preserved largely undeformed. Compared to continent-continent collisional foreland basins, arc-continent collisional foreland basins are short-lived and may undergo partial inversion after collision as a new, active continental margin forms outboard of the collision zone and the orogen whose load forms the basin collapses in extension. C1 [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clift, Peter D.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RI Azor, Antonio/K-9761-2014; OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 NR 129 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4443-4713-5; 978-1-4051-9465-5 PY 2012 BP 347 EP 368 PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BA5TG UT WOS:000336999700018 ER PT S AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. K. BE Ng, JC Noller, BN Naidu, R Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Arsenic in the geosphere meets the anthroposphere SO UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012 SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment - Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface (As) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Inst Technol, ISGSD, Univ So Queensland, Univ Queensland, Entox, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, SMI Technol Transfer, JK Tech, CRC CARE ID NATURAL HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; SURFACE-WATER; OROGENIC GOLD; BENGAL BASIN; WEST-BENGAL; NEW-ZEALAND; GROUNDWATER; BANGLADESH AB The geochemical cycle of arsenic (As) during the evolution of the earth has been one of enrichment: formation of the earth enriched As in the upper crust, further enrichment was achieved during formation of carbonaceous shales, more enrichment occurred through hydrothermal alteration of shales and formation of gold, antimony, and copper mineral deposits, and we concentrate it further by mining and mineral processing activities. Understanding the diagenetic-tectonic-hydrothermal cycle helps to explain the occurrence of naturally high arsenic concentrations in source rocks, the aqueous geochemistry of arsenic explains its mobility, and hydrogeological information explains the rate and direction of transport by surface water and groundwater. As the world population continues to grow exponentially in contrast with the fixed and limited supply of water, more water supplies contaminated with As are being extracted from groundwater. Ultimately arsenic contamination could be interpreted as one of several symptoms of overpopulation. C1 [Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-07880-8; 978-0-415-63763-3 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2012 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG9EE UT WOS:000393139700003 ER PT S AU Campbell, KM Nordstrom, DK Hay, MB AF Campbell, K. M. Nordstrom, D. K. Hay, M. B. BE Ng, JC Noller, BN Naidu, R Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Kinetic modelling of microbial iron (II) oxidation, iron (III) hydrolysis, and arsenic (III) oxidation in acid waters SO UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012 SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment - Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface (As) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Inst Technol, ISGSD, Univ So Queensland, Univ Queensland, Entox, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, SMI Technol Transfer, JK Tech, CRC CARE AB Acidophilic iron (Fe-II)-oxidizing microorganisms are widespread in acidic mine-impacted waters and are the primary drivers for Fe(II) oxidation at low pH. The resulting changes in Fe chemistry have profound effects on arsenic redox cycling and mobility. A series of batch biotic and abiotic experiments were performed to quantitatively determine the kinetics of key processes for inclusion into a numeric model. Biogeochemical predictions for an acidic, Fe(II)-rich natural water require a coupled biotic-abiotic model. While Fe(II) oxidation is microbially-mediated, abiotic processes including Fe(III) hydrolysis and photochemical arsenic (As-III) oxidation are also important; the kinetics of these processes should be included in geochemical modeling to interpret experimental and field data. C1 [Campbell, K. M.; Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hay, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hay, M. B.] ARCADIS US Inc, Highlands Ranch, CO USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-07880-8; 978-0-415-63763-3 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2012 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG9EE UT WOS:000393139700167 ER PT S AU Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Campbell, KM AF Nordstrom, D. K. McCleskey, R. B. Campbell, K. M. BE Ng, JC Noller, BN Naidu, R Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Arsenic in Yellowstone's thermal waters: Trends and anomalies SO UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012 SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment - Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface (As) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Inst Technol, ISGSD, Univ So Queensland, Univ Queensland, Entox, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, SMI Technol Transfer, JK Tech, CRC CARE ID GEOCHEMISTRY; ANTIMONY AB Arsenic concentrations in Yellowstone's thermal waters range from 0.001-15 mg L-1 but most commonly are 0.5-3 mg L-1. Most As concentrations correlate linearly with Cl, suggesting conservative behavior with 3 exceptions: (1) a few very high values in Norris Geyser Basin, (2) 2 springs mixing with more than 2 end-members, and (3) very low values from mostly small, low-temperature acid pools that precipitate orpiment. Monitoring data indicate momentary additions of As that cannot be explained by simple mixing. A clear difference in As/Cl ratio was found between Norris Geyser Basin waters and those from inside the caldera. C1 [Nordstrom, D. K.; McCleskey, R. B.; Campbell, K. M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-07880-8; 978-0-415-63763-3 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2012 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG9EE UT WOS:000393139700173 ER PT S AU Breit, GN Goldstein, HL AF Breit, G. N. Goldstein, H. L. BE Ng, JC Noller, BN Naidu, R Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Arsenic distribution in the vadose zone of arid basins SO UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012 SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment - Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface (As) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Inst Technol, ISGSD, Univ So Queensland, Univ Queensland, Entox, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, SMI Technol Transfer, JK Tech, CRC CARE AB Evaporative environments are known to produce high dissolved arsenic concentrations, particularly in systems characterized by pH > 8. In areas with shallow groundwater, dissolved arsenic accumulates in response to evaporation at the ground surface and within the vadose zone. The distribution of arsenate (the pentavalent form of arsenic) in the vadose zone is distinct from other dissolved ions including other oxyanions, presumably due to specific chemical properties unique to the arsenate species in saline, high pH environments. C1 [Breit, G. N.] US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Breit, GN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-07880-8; 978-0-415-63763-3 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2012 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG9EE UT WOS:000393139700190 ER PT S AU Gurbuz, SZ Ozen, H Chander, G AF Gurbuz, S. Z. Ozen, H. Chander, G. BE Shortis, M ElSheimy, N TI A SURVEY OF LANDNET SITES FOCUSING ON TUZ GOLU SALT LAKE, TURKEY SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION I SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Remote Sensing; Satellite; Sensor; Calibration; Comparison; CEOS WGCV IVOS; LANDNET; Sites ID RAILROAD VALLEY PLAYA; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SENSOR CALIBRATION; CRAU AB Radiometric calibration is critical to ensure the accuracy, veracity, continuity and reliability of satellite data measured from multiple sensors and platforms, and is thus recognized as a key activity by all satellite operators. For imaging sensors, vicarious methods using natural targets (such as salt lakes, deserts, or flatlands that are well-characterized and preferably temporally and spatially stable) as a reference are similarly well established. However, while selecting a target site, it is important that its quality and location are selected to minimize sources of uncertainty for any given sensor. To maximize the benefit from limited resources and minimize the impact on satellite operators, the Infrared Visible Optical Sensor (IVOS) sub-group of Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) has selected a few, well-characterized, regularly instrumented target sites, which have since become known as LANDNET sites. Currently, there are eight LANDNET sites: 1) Dome C, Antarctica; 2) Dunhuang, China, Asia; 3) Lspec Frenchman Flat, NV, USA, North America; 4) Ivanpah, NV/CA, USA, North America; 5) La Crau, France, Europe; 6) Negev, Southern Israel, Asia; 7) Railroad Valley Playa, NV, USA, North America; 8) Tuz Golu, Central Anatolia, Turkey, Asia. This work summarizes the key characteristics, and areas of application of each of the LANDNET sites, especially that of Tuz Golu, to guide and inform researchers on site selection, and increase international awareness and collaboration in this field. Additionally, detailed information about the Tuz Golu, Turkey test site is provided, including geographical characteristics, spatial uniformity qualities, and opportunities for international researchers to conduct experiments and measurements. Practical, technical, and logistical experience gained through the international field campaigns organized over the last few years at Tuz Golu is also shared in detail. C1 [Gurbuz, S. Z.; Ozen, H.] TUBITAK Space Technol Res Inst, Ankara, Turkey. [Gurbuz, S. Z.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ankara, Turkey. [Chander, G.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gurbuz, SZ (reprint author), TUBITAK Space Technol Res Inst, Ankara, Turkey. EM sevgi.gurbuz@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr; hilal.ozen@uzay.tubitak.gov.tr; gchander@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B1 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OS UT WOS:000358208700022 ER PT S AU Sampath, A Moe, D Christopherson, J AF Sampath, Aparajithan Moe, Donald Christopherson, Jon BE Shortis, M ElSheimy, N TI TWO METHODS FOR SELF CALIBRATION OF DIGITAL CAMERA SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION I SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Photogrammetry; Rectification; Bundle; Camera; Geometric AB Photogrammetric mapping using Commercial of the Shelf (COTS) cameras is becoming more popular. Their popularity is augmented by the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a platform for mapping. The mapping precision of these methods can be increased by using a calibrated camera. The USGS/EROS has developed an inexpensive, easy to use method, particularly for calibrating short focal length cameras. The method builds on a self-calibration procedure developed for the USGS EROS Data Center by Pictometry (and augmented by Dr. C.S Fraser), that uses a series of coded targets. These coded targets form different patterns that are imaged from nine different locations with differing camera orientations. A free network solution using collinearity equations is used to determine the calibration parameters. For the smaller focal length COTS cameras, the USGS has developed a procedure that uses a small prototype box that contains these coded targets. The design of the box is discussed, along with best practices for calibration procedure. Results of calibration parameters obtained using the box are compared with the parameters obtained using more established standard procedures. C1 [Sampath, Aparajithan; Moe, Donald; Christopherson, Jon] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sampath, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM asampath@usgs.gov; dmoe@usgs.gov; jonchris@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B1 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OS UT WOS:000358208700046 ER PT S AU Gesch, D Oimoen, M Zhang, Z Meyer, D Danielson, J AF Gesch, D. Oimoen, M. Zhang, Z. Meyer, D. Danielson, J. BE Shortis, M Madden, M TI VALIDATION OF THE ASTER GLOBAL DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL VERSION 2 OVER THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION IV SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Accuracy; DEM/DTM; Comparison; Geodesy; Global-Environmental-Databases; Land Cover; Mapping; Satellite ID SRTM; GDEM AB The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 (GDEM v2) was evaluated over the conterminous United States in a manner similar to the validation conducted for the original GDEM Version 1 (v1) in 2009. The absolute vertical accuracy of GDEM v2 was calculated by comparison with more than 18,000 independent reference geodetic ground control points from the National Geodetic Survey. The root mean square error (RMSE) measured for GDEM v2 is 8.68 meters. This compares with the RMSE of 9.34 meters for GDEM v1. Another important descriptor of vertical accuracy is the mean error, or bias, which indicates if a DEM has an overall vertical offset from true ground level. The GDEM v2 mean error of -0.20 meters is a significant improvement over the GDEM v1 mean error of -3.69 meters. The absolute vertical accuracy assessment results, both mean error and RMSE, were segmented by land cover to examine the effects of cover types on measured errors. The GDEM v2 mean errors by land cover class verify that the presence of aboveground features (tree canopies and built structures) cause a positive elevation bias, as would be expected for an imaging system like ASTER. In open ground classes (little or no vegetation with significant aboveground height), GDEM v2 exhibits a negative bias on the order of 1 meter. GDEM v2 was also evaluated by differencing with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) dataset. In many forested areas, GDEM v2 has elevations that are higher in the canopy than SRTM. C1 [Gesch, D.; Meyer, D.; Danielson, J.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Oimoen, M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhang, Z.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gesch@usgs.gov; dmeyer@usgs.gov; daniels@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B4 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OW UT WOS:000358212000052 ER PT S AU Meyer, DJ Tachikawa, T Abrams, M Crippen, R Krieger, T Gesch, D Carabajal, C AF Meyer, D. J. Tachikawa, T. Abrams, M. Crippen, R. Krieger, T. Gesch, D. Carabajal, C. BE Shortis, M Madden, M TI SUMMARY OF THE VALIDATION OF THE SECOND VERSION OF THE ASTER GDEM SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION IV SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE ASTER; Global Digital Elevation Model; Accuracy; DEM/DTM; Comparison; Geodesy; Global-Environmental-Databases; Land Cover; Mapping; Satellite AB On October 17, 2011, NASA and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan released the second version of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) to users worldwide at no charge as a contribution to the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). The first version of the ASTER GDEM, released on June 29, 2009, was compiled from over 1.2 million scene-based DEMs covering land surfaces between 83 degrees N and 83 degrees S latitudes. The second version (GDEM2) incorporates 260,000 additional scenes to improve coverage, a smaller correlation kernel to yield higher spatial resolution, and improved water masking. As with GDEM1, US and Japanese partners collaborated to validate GDEM2. Its absolute accuracy was within -0.20 meters on average when compared against 18,000 geodetic control points over the conterminous US (CONUS), with an accuracy of 17 meters at the 95% confidence level. The Japan study noted the GDEM2 differed from the 10-meter national elevation grid by -0.7 meters over bare areas, and by 7.4 meters over forested areas. The CONUS study noted a similar result, with the GDEM2 determined to be about 8 meters above the 1 arc-second US National Elevation Database (NED) over most forested areas, and more than a meter below NED over bare areas. A global ICESat study found the GDEM2 to be on average within 3 meters of altimeter-derived control. The Japan study noted a horizontal displacement of 0.23 pixels in GDEM2. A study from the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency also determined horizontal displacement and vertical accuracy as compared to the 1 arc-second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM. US and Japanese studies estimated the horizontal resolution of the GDEM2 to be between 71 and 82 meters. Finally, the number of voids and artifacts noted in GDEM1 were substantially reduced in GDEM2. C1 [Meyer, D. J.; Gesch, D.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resource Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. [Tachikawa, T.] Earth Remote Sensing Data Anal Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Abrams, M.; Crippen, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Krieger, T.] US Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, St Louis, MO USA. [Carabajal, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resource Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57030 USA. EM dmeyer@usgs.gov; tatikawa@ersdac.or.jp; mabrams@jpl.nasa.gov; robert.e.crippen@jpl.nasa.gov; Tabitha.L.Krieger@nga.mil; gesch@usgs.gov; Claudia.C.Carabajal@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B4 BP 291 EP 293 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OW UT WOS:000358212000054 ER PT S AU Burns, KN Speyerer, EJ Robinson, MS Tran, T Rosiek, MR Archinal, BA Howington-Kraus, E AF Burns, K. N. Speyerer, E. J. Robinson, M. S. Tran, T. Rosiek, M. R. Archinal, B. A. Howington-Kraus, E. CA LROC Sci Team BE Shortis, M Madden, M TI DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS AND DERIVED PRODUCTS FROM LROC NAC STEREO OBSERVATIONS SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION IV SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE DEM/DTM; Three-dimensional; Application; Planetary; Mapping; Geomorphology; Modeling; Processing ID LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER AB One of the primary objectives of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) is to acquire stereo observations with the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) to enable production of high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). This work describes the processes and techniques used in reducing the NAC stereo observations to DEMs through a combination of USGS integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) and SOCET SET (R) from BAE Systems by a team at Arizona State University (ASU). LROC Science Operations Center personnel have thus far reduced 130 stereo observations to DEMs of more than 130 stereo pairs for 11 Constellation Program (CxP) sites and 53 other regions of scientific interest. The NAC DEM spatial sampling is typically 2 meters, and the vertical precision is 1-2 meters. Such high resolution provides the three-dimensional view of the lunar surface required for site selection, hazard avoidance and planning traverses that minimize resource consumption. In addition to exploration analysis, geologists can measure parameters such as elevation, slope, and volume to place constraints on composition and geologic history. The NAC DEMs are released and archived through NASA's Planetary Data System. C1 [Burns, K. N.; Speyerer, E. J.; Robinson, M. S.; Tran, T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rosiek, M. R.; Archinal, B. A.; Howington-Kraus, E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Burns, KN (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 1100 S Cady, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM knburns1@asu.edu; mrosiek@usgs.gov; barchinal@usgs.gov; ahowington@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B4 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OW UT WOS:000358212000089 ER PT S AU Kirk, RL Archinal, BA Gaddis, LR Rosiek, MR AF Kirk, R. L. Archinal, B. A. Gaddis, L. R. Rosiek, M. R. BE Shortis, M Madden, M TI LUNAR CARTOGRAPHY: PROGRESS IN THE 2000S AND PROSPECTS FOR THE 2010S SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION IV SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Extra-terrestrial; extraterrestrial; planetary; international; databases; cartography; geodesy; mapping ID LASER ALTIMETRY; TOPOGRAPHY; CHANGE-1; MISSION AB The first decade of the 21st century has seen a new golden age of lunar exploration, with more missions than in any decade since the 1960's and many more nations participating than at any time in the past. We have previously summarized the history of lunar mapping and described the lunar missions planned for the 2000's (Kirk et al. 2006; 2007; 2008). Here we report on the outcome of lunar missions of this decade, the data gathered, the cartographic work accomplished and what remains to be done, and what is known about mission plans for the coming decade. Four missions of lunar orbital reconnaissance were launched and completed in the decade 2001-2010: SMART-1 (European Space Agency), SELENE/Kaguya (Japan), Chang'e-1 (China), and Chandrayaan-1 (India). In addition, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter or LRO (USA) is in an extended mission, and Chang'e-2 (China) operated in lunar orbit in 2010-2011. All these spacecraft have incorporated cameras capable of providing basic data for lunar mapping, and all but SMART-1 carried laser altimeters. Chang'e-1, Chang'e-2, Kaguya, and Chandrayaan-1 carried pushbroom stereo cameras intended for stereo mapping at scales of 120, 10, 10, and 5 m/pixel respectively, and LRO is obtaining global stereo imaging at 100 m/pixel with its Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and hundreds of targeted stereo observations at 0.5 m/pixel with its Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). Chandrayaan-1 and LRO carried polarimetric synthetic aperture radars capable of 75 m/pixel and (LRO only) 7.5 m/pixel imaging even in shadowed areas, and most missions carried spectrometers and imaging spectrometers whose lower resolution data are urgently in need of coregistration with other datasets and correction for topographic and illumination effects. The volume of data obtained is staggering. As one example, the LRO laser altimeter, LOLA, has so far made more than 5.5 billion elevation measurements, and the LRO Camera (LROC) system has returned more than 1.3 million archived image products comprising over 220 Terabytes of image data. The processing of controlled map products from these data is as yet relatively limited. A substantial portion of the LOLA altimetry data have been subjected to a global crossover analysis, and local crossover analyses of Chang'e-1 LAM altimetry have also been performed. LRO NAC stereo digital topographic models (DTMs) and orthomosaics of numerous sites of interest have been prepared based on control to LOLA data, and production of controlled mosaics and DTMs from Mini-RF radar images has begun. Many useful datasets (e.g., DTMs from LRO WAC images and Kaguya Terrain Camera images) are currently uncontrolled. Making controlled, orthorectified map products is obviously a high priority for lunar cartography, and scientific use of the vast multinational set of lunar data now available will be most productive if all observations can be integrated into a single reference frame. To achieve this goal, the key steps required are (a) joint registration and reconciliation of the laser altimeter data from multiple missions, in order to provide the best current reference frame for other products; (b) registration of image datasets (including spectral images and radar, as well as monoscopic and stereo optical images) to one another and the topographic surface from altimetry by bundle adjustment; (c) derivation of higher density topographic models than the altimetry provides, based on the stereo images registered to the altimetric data; and (d) orthorectification and mosaicking of the various datasets based on the dense and consistent topographic model resulting from the previous steps. In the final step, the dense and consistent topographic data will be especially useful for correcting spectrophotometric observations to facilitate mapping of geologic and mineralogic features. We emphasize that, as desirable as short term progress may seem, making mosaics before controlling observations, and controlling observations before a single coordinate reference frame is agreed upon by all participants, are counterproductive and will result in a collection of map products that do not align with one another and thus will not be fully usable for correlative scientific studies. Only a few lunar orbital missions performing remote sensing are projected for the decade 2011-2020. These include the possible further extension of the LRO mission; NASA's GRAIL mission, which is making precise measurements of the lunar gravity field that will likely improve the cartographic accuracy of data from other missions, and the Chandrayaan-2/Luna Resurs mission planned by India and Russia, which includes an orbital remote sensing component. A larger number of surface missions are being discussed for the current decade, including the lander/rover component of Chandrayaan-2/Luna Resurs, Chang'e-3 (China), SELENE-2 (Japan), and privately funded missions inspired by the Google Lunar X-Prize. The US Lunar Precursor Robotic Program was discontinued in 2010, leaving NASA with no immediate plans for robotic or human exploration of the lunar surface, though the MoonRise sample return mission might be reproposed in the future. If the cadence of missions cannot be continued, the desired sequel to the decade of lunar mapping missions 2001-2010 should be a decade of detailed and increasingly multinational analysis of lunar data from 2011 onward. C1 [Kirk, R. L.; Archinal, B. A.; Gaddis, L. R.; Rosiek, M. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kirk, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rkirk@usgs.gov; barchinal@usgs.gov; lgaddis@usgs.gov; mrosiek@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B4 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OW UT WOS:000358212000090 ER PT S AU Speyerer, EJ Wagner, RV Robinson, MS Humm, DC Becker, K Anderson, J Thomas, P AF Speyerer, E. J. Wagner, R. V. Robinson, M. S. Humm, D. C. Becker, K. Anderson, J. Thomas, P. BE Shortis, M Madden, M TI IN-FLIGHT GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF THE LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER CAMERA SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION IV SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Calibration; Registration; Geometric; Sensor; Optical; Distortion; Accuracy; Temperature AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) consists of two imaging systems that provide synoptic and high resolution imaging of the lunar surface. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) is a seven color push frame imager with a 90 degrees field of view in monochrome mode and 60 degrees field of view in color mode. From the nominal 50 km polar orbit, the WAC acquires images with a nadir pixel scale of 75 m for each visible band and 384 m for the two ultraviolet bands. The Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) consists of two identical cameras capable of acquiring images with a pixel scale of 0.5 to 1.0 m from a 50 km orbit. Each camera was geometrically calibrated prior to launch at Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, California. Using thousands of images acquired since launch in June of 2009, improvements to the relative and absolute pointing of the twin NACs were made allowing images on the surface to be projected with an accuracy of 20 meters. Further registration of WAC and NAC images allowed the derivation of a new distortion model and pointing updates for the WAC, thus enabling sub-pixel accuracy in projected WAC images. C1 [Speyerer, E. J.; Wagner, R. V.; Robinson, M. S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Humm, D. C.] Space Instrument Calibrat Consulting, Annapolis, MD USA. [Becker, K.; Anderson, J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Thomas, P.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Speyerer, EJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 1100 S Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM espeyerer@ser.asu.edu RI Humm, David/B-8825-2016 OI Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B4 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OW UT WOS:000358212000094 ER PT S AU McKinley, R Clark, J Lecker, J AF McKinley, R. Clark, J. Lecker, J. BE Shortis, M Shimoda, H Cho, K TI BURN SEVERITY MAPPING IN AUSTRALIA 2009 SO XXII ISPRS CONGRESS, TECHNICAL COMMISSION VIII SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2012 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Hexagon, ESRI, RMIT Univ, Sch Math Geospatial Sci DE Hazards; Forest fire; Change detection; Landsat; Landscape AB In 2009, the Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment estimated approximately 430,000 hectares of Victoria Australia were burned by numerous bushfires. Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams from the United States were deployed to Victoria to assist local fire managers. The U. S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (USGS/EROS) and U. S. Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (USFS/RSAC) aided the support effort by providing satellite-derived. soil burn severity. maps for over 280,000 burned hectares. In the United States, BAER teams are assembled to make rapid assessments of burned lands to identify potential hazards to public health and property. An early step in the assessment process is the creation of a soil burn severity map used to identify hazard areas and prioritize treatment locations. These maps are developed primarily using Landsat satellite imagery and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm. C1 [McKinley, R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Clark, J.; Lecker, J.] US Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McKinley, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rmckinley@usgs.gov; jtclark@fs.fed.us; jlecker@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2012 VL 39-B8 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1OR UT WOS:000358207600010 ER PT J AU Dean, WE Doner, LA AF Dean, Walter E. Doner, Lisa A. TI A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene lake record; Endogenic iron and manganese; Carbon isotopes; Vegetation history; Minnesota ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; SEDIMENTS; USA; VIVIANITE; CARBONATE; NODULES; WATERS; BAIKAL AB Little Shingobee Lake and Fen are part of the extensive network of lakes and wetlands in the Shingobee River headwaters of northwestern Minnesota, designed to study the interactions between surface and ground waters. Prior to about 11.2 cal. ka, most of these lakes and wetlands were interconnected to form glacial Lake Willobee, which apparently formed when a debris flow dammed the Shingobee River. Between 11.2 and 8.5 cal. ka, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of breaching of the dam, transforming the deep lake into the existing lakes and wetlands. Analyses of a 9-m core from Little Shingobee Lake (LSL-B), and lacustrine sediments under 3.3 m of peat in a 17-m core from Little Shingobee Fen (LSF-10), show that the dominant components are allogenic clastic material, and endogenic CaCO(3) and organic matter. In both cores almost all of the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are incorporated in endogenic minerals, presumed to be X-ray amorphous oxyhydroxide minerals, that occur in significant quantities throughout the cores; almost no Fe and Mn are contributed from detrital aluminosilicate minerals. This suggests that, for most of the Holocene, the allogenic watershed contributions to lake chemistry were minor compared to the dissolved mineral load. In addition, prior to 3.5 cal. ka, pollen zone boundaries coincide with large changes in lake-sediment mineralogy, indicating that both landscape and climate processes were linked to early- and mid-Holocene lake chemistry. The pollen time series, with sequential domination by spruce, pine, sagebrush-oak, birch-oak and, finally, white pine is typical of the region and reflects the changing location of the prairie-forest transition zone over time. These changes in vegetation had some profound effects on the geochemistry of the lake waters. C1 [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Doner, Lisa A.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dean@usgs.gov OI Doner, Lisa/0000-0003-4810-184X FU US Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey Global Change and Climate History and Earth Surface Dynamics Programs. We thank Lesleigh Anderson, Don Rosenberry, Tom Winter, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Cores are archived at LacCore (National Lacustrine Core Repository), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 29 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10933-011-9544-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 857MT UT WOS:000297723300003 ER PT J AU McGlue, MM Silva, A Corradini, FA Zani, H Trees, MA Ellis, GS Parolin, M Swarzenski, PW Cohen, AS Assine, ML AF McGlue, Michael M. Silva, Aguinaldo Corradini, Fabricio A. Zani, Hiran Trees, Mark A. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Parolin, Mauro Swarzenski, Peter W. Cohen, Andrew S. Assine, Mario L. TI Limnogeology in Brazil's "forgotten wilderness": a synthesis from the large floodplain lakes of the Pantanal (vol 46, pg 273, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [McGlue, Michael M.; Trees, Mark A.; Cohen, Andrew S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Silva, Aguinaldo] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS CPAN, Dept Ciencias Ambiente, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Corradini, Fabricio A.] Univ Fed Para UFPA, Fac Geog, BR-68501970 Maraba, Brazil. [Zani, Hiran] INPE, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Parolin, Mauro] Fac Estadual Ciencias Letras Campo Moura, BR-87303100 Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Assine, Mario L.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Geol Aplicada IGCE, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. RP McGlue, MM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mmmcglue@email.arizona.edu; aguinald_silva@yahoo.com.br; f_coradini@yahoo.com.br; hzani@dsr.inpe.br; treesma@email.arizona.edu; gsellis@usgs.gov; mauroparolin@gmail.com; pswarzen@usgs.gov; cohen@email.arizona.edu; assine@rc.unesp.br RI Zani, Hiran/C-4304-2012; Corradini, Fabricio/D-3258-2013; Assine, Mario/C-1154-2013 OI Assine, Mario/0000-0002-3097-5832 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10933-011-9545-6 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 857MT UT WOS:000297723300012 ER PT J AU Olea, RA AF Olea, Ricardo A. TI Building on crossvalidation for increasing the quality of geostatistical modeling SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Crossvalidation; Kriging; Stochastic simulation; E-type estimate AB The random function is a mathematical model commonly used in the assessment of uncertainty associated with a spatially correlated attribute that has been partially sampled. There are multiple algorithms for modeling such random functions, all sharing the requirement of specifying various parameters that have critical influence on the results. The importance of finding ways to compare the methods and setting parameters to obtain results that better model uncertainty has increased as these algorithms have grown in number and complexity. Crossvalidation has been used in spatial statistics, mostly in kriging, for the analysis of mean square errors. An appeal of this approach is its ability to work with the same empirical sample available for running the algorithms. This paper goes beyond checking estimates by formulating a function sensitive to conditional bias. Under ideal conditions, such function turns into a straight line, which can be used as a reference for preparing measures of performance. Applied to kriging, deviations from the ideal line provide sensitivity to the semivariogram lacking in crossvalidation of kriging errors and are more sensitive to conditional bias than analyses of errors. In terms of stochastic simulation, in addition to finding better parameters, the deviations allow comparison of the realizations resulting from the applications of different methods. Examples show improvements of about 30% in the deviations and approximately 10% in the square root of mean square errors between reasonable starting modelling and the solutions according to the new criteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rolea@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s00477-011-0496-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 858YK UT WOS:000297839400006 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Munoz, A Martinez, T Lau, MK AF Bowker, M. A. Munoz, A. Martinez, T. Lau, M. K. TI Rare drought-induced mortality of juniper is enhanced by edaphic stressors and influenced by stand density SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Competition; Drought; Pifion-juniper woodlands; Global change; Grassland-woodland transitions ID SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; DIFFERENTIAL USE; TREE MORTALITY; VEGETATION; SHIFTS; GRASSLANDS; CARBON; DESERTIFICATION; WOODLANDS; ABUNDANCE AB During 2001-2003, a severe sub-continental drought resulted in a mortality event involving multiple woody plant species. Mass-mortality (up to 65% mortality in the locality studied) of the most drought resistant tree in the region, Juniperus monosperma (Engelm)Sarq., resulted in a conspicuously heterogeneous dieback pattern. Mortality was over three times greater in grassland landscapes compared to adjacent woodlands. We investigated the relative importance of biotic stressors (abundance of grass, tree density), edaphic stressors (soil texture), and climatic stressors (heat load) in determination of mortality. Using a multivariate modeling approach we separated the correlated edaphic and climatic influences, and determined that soil texture was the primary driver. We hypothesize that hydraulic failure in juniper was influenced by small-scale variation in matrix water potential (psi m). Density of tree stands also exerted an apparent competitive effect in grasslands and an apparent facilitative effect in woodlands. This study offers a rare glimpse of the extreme drought response of an anisohydric tree. The characteristics of sites with high juniper mortality may allow insight into the consequences of climate change impacts, enabling prediction of the types of sites which may be affected in the future. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bowker, M. A.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, E-28933 Mostoles, Spain. [Munoz, A.] Ironwood Tree Experience, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Martinez, T.] Arizona Western Coll, Sci Math & Agr Div, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. [Lau, M. K.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM mbowker@usgs.gov FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Educacion, Gobierno de Espana; Northern Arizona University IGERT (NSF) [0549505] FX This project was conducted as part of Dr. Thomas G. Whitham's field ecology course at Northern Arizona University. Drs. Whitham and George W. Koch provided valuable discussion. We received laboratory space and logistical support from Dr. Nancy C. Johnson. During the preparation of this manuscript MAB was supported by a Juan de la Cierva post-doctoral contract from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Educacion, Gobierno de Espana. MKL is supported by the Northern Arizona University IGERT program (NSF Grant 0549505). NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.08.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849QH UT WOS:000297139700002 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Fuller, CC AF Arai, Yuji Fuller, C. C. TI Effects of sulfate ligand on uranyl carbonato surface species on ferrihydrite surfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Sorption; XAS; Ternary; Sulfate; Ternary complexes ID PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; SORPTION; COMPLEXES; HEMATITE; ACID; MONTMORILLONITE; HYDROLYSIS; INTERFACE; CHEMISTRY AB Understanding uranium (U) sorption processes in permeable reactive barriers (PRB) are critical in modeling reactive transport for evaluating PRB performance at the Fry Canyon demonstration site in Utah, USA. To gain insight into the U sequestration mechanism in the amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide (AFO)-coated gravel PRB, U(VI) sorption processes on ferrihydrite surfaces were studied in 0.01 M Na(2)SO(4) solutions to simulate the major chemical composition of U-contaminated groundwater (i.e., [SO(4)(2-)] similar to 13 mM L(-1)) at the site. Uranyl sorption was greater at pH 7.5 than that at pH 4 in both air- and 2% pCO(2)-equilibrated systems. While there were negligible effects of sulfate ligands on the pH-dependent U(VI) sorption (<24 h) in both systems, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis showed sulfate ligand associated U(VI) surface species at the ferrihydrite-water interface. In air-equilibrated systems, binary and mono-sulfate U(VI) ternary surface species co-existed at pH 5.43. At pH 6.55-7.83, a mixture of mono-sulfate and bis-carbonato U(VI) ternary surface species became more important. At 2% pCO(2), there was no contribution of sulfate ligands on the U(VI) ternary surface species. Instead, a mixture of bis-carbonato inner-sphere (38%) and tris-carbonato outer-sphere U(VI) ternary surface species (62%) was found at pH 7.62. The study suggests that the competitive ligand (bicarbonate and sulfate) coordination on U(VI) surface species might be important in evaluating the U solid-state speciation in the AFO PRB at the study site where pCO(2) fluctuates between 1 and 2 pCO(2)%. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Arai, Yuji] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fuller, C. C.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, 270 Poole Agr Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM yarai@clemson.edu OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 365 IS 1 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.026 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 839WX UT WOS:000296401300034 PM 21996008 ER PT J AU Tallis, H Lester, SE Ruckelshaus, M Plummer, M McLeod, K Guerry, A Andelman, S Caldwell, MR Conte, M Copps, S Fox, D Fujita, R Gaines, SD Gelfenbaum, G Gold, B Kareiva, P Kim, CK Lee, K Papenfus, M Redman, S Silliman, B Wainger, L White, C AF Tallis, Heather Lester, Sarah E. Ruckelshaus, Mary Plummer, Mark McLeod, Karen Guerry, Anne Andelman, Sandy Caldwell, Margaret R. Conte, Marc Copps, Stephen Fox, David Fujita, Rod Gaines, Steven D. Gelfenbaum, Guy Gold, Barry Kareiva, Peter Kim, Choong-ki Lee, Kai Papenfus, Michael Redman, Scott Silliman, Brian Wainger, Lisa White, Crow TI New metrics for managing and sustaining the ocean's bounty SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Integrated ecosystem assessment; Marine spatial planning; Ecosystem services; Monitoring AB Policies are arising around the world, most recently in the United States, that mandate the implementation of marine spatial planning as a practical pathway towards ecosystem-based management. In the new United States ocean policy, and several other cases around the globe, ecosystem services are at the core of marine spatial planning, but there is little guidance on how ecosystem services should be measured, making it hard to implement this new approach. A new framework is shown here for practical, rigorous ecosystem service measurement that highlights contributions from both natural and social systems. The novel three-step framework addresses traditional shortcomings of an ecosystem services approach by giving managers and scientists the tools to assess and track: (1) the condition of the ecosystem (supply metrics), (2) the amount of ocean resources actually used or enjoyed by people (service metrics), and (3) people's preference for that level of service (value metrics). This framework will allow real world progress on marine spatial planning to happen quickly, and with a greater chance for success. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tallis, Heather; Guerry, Anne; Conte, Marc; Kim, Choong-ki; Papenfus, Michael] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.; White, Crow] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary; Plummer, Mark] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McLeod, Karen] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Andelman, Sandy] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Copps, Stephen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fox, David] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gold, Barry] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kareiva, Peter] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lee, Kai] David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Redman, Scott] Puget Sound Partnership, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Silliman, Brian] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32612 USA. [Wainger, Lisa] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Tallis, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Nat Capital Project, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM htallis@stanford.edu RI Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.03.013 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 834ZP UT WOS:000296003300037 ER PT J AU Choi, DS Dundas, CM AF Choi, D. S. Dundas, C. M. TI Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARS PATHFINDER; THRESHOLD; VORTICES; CAMERA; CYCLE AB We report wind measurements within Martian dust devils observed in plan view from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orbiting Mars. The central color swath of the HiRISE instrument has three separate charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and color filters that observe the surface in rapid cadence. Active features, such as dust devils, appear in motion when observed by this region of the instrument. Our image animations reveal clear circulatory motion within dust devils that is separate from their translational motion across the Martian surface. Both manual and automated tracking of dust devil clouds reveal tangential winds that approach 20-30 m s(-1) in some cases. These winds are sufficient to induce a similar to 1% decrease in atmospheric pressure within the dust devil core relative to ambient, facilitating dust lifting by reducing the threshold wind speed for particle elevation. Finally, radial velocity profiles constructed from our automated measurements test the Rankine vortex model for dust devil structure. Our profiles successfully reveal the solid body rotation component in the interior, but fail to conclusively illuminate the profile in the outer regions of the vortex. One profile provides evidence for a velocity decrease as a function of r(-1/2), instead of r(-1), suggestive of surface friction effects. However, other profiles do not support this observation, or do not contain enough measurements to produce meaningful insights. Citation: Choi, D. S., and C. M. Dundas (2011), Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24206, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049806. C1 [Choi, D. S.] NASA, ORAU, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dundas, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Choi, DS (reprint author), NASA, ORAU, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 693,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.s.choi@nasa.gov RI Choi, David/C-5215-2012; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project; NASA [NNX09AD98G] FX We thank two anonymous referees for constructive comments that improved this paper. This work was supported by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project and NASA grant NNX09AD98G. We thank the HiRISE team for planning and acquiring the images used in this work. We also thank Laszlo Kestay, Moses Milazzo, Paul Geissler, Randy Kirk, Ingrid Daubar Spitale, Adam Showman, Emily Rauscher, and Matt Balme for helpful discussions. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L24206 DI 10.1029/2011GL049806 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 871TP UT WOS:000298760900002 ER PT J AU Spudis, PD Wilhelms, DE Robinson, MS AF Spudis, Paul D. Wilhelms, Don E. Robinson, Mark S. TI The Sculptured Hills of the Taurus Highlands: Implications for the relative age of Serenitatis, basin chronologies and the cratering history of the Moon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID APOLLO-17 LANDING SITE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; MULTIRING BASINS; LUNAR CATACLYSM; MELT SHEET; MASSIFS; ORIGIN; STRATIGRAPHY; CHEMISTRY; GEOLOGY AB New images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera show the distribution and geological relations of the Sculptured Hills, a geological unit widespread in the highlands between the Serenitatis and Crisium basins. The Sculptured Hills shows knobby, undulating, radially textured, and plains-like morphologies and in many places is indistinguishable from the similarly knobby Alpes Formation, a facies of ejecta from the Imbrium basin. The new LROC image data show that the Sculptured Hills in the Taurus highlands is Imbrium ejecta and not directly related to the formation of the Serenitatis basin. This occurrence and the geological relations of this unit suggests that the Apollo 17 impact melts may not be not samples of the Serenitatis basin-forming impact, leaving their provenance undetermined and origin unexplained. If the Apollo 17 melt rocks are Serenitatis impact melt, up to half of the basin and large crater population of the Moon was created within a 30 Ma interval around 3.8 Ga in a global impact "cataclysm." Either interpretation significantly changes our view of the impact process and history of the Earth-Moon system. C1 [Spudis, Paul D.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Wilhelms, Don E.] US Geol Survey, San Francisco, CA USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] ASU Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Spudis, PD (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3303 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. FU LROC instrument team of the LRO mission; NASA Lunar Science Institute FX Our work is supported by the LROC instrument team of the LRO mission and the NASA Lunar Science Institute. We thank Brad Jolliff, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Mark Wieczorek for helpful and constructive reviews of the manuscript. This paper is Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution 1634. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E00H03 DI 10.1029/2011JE003903 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 871SH UT WOS:000298757500002 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Nomenclatural notes and identification of small-eared shrews (Mammalia: genus Cryptotis) from Coban, Guatemala, in The Natural History Museum, London SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Central America; shrew ID HIGHLANDS; SORICIDAE AB A small series of shrews collected in Guatemala and registered in the British Museum between 1843 and 1907 includes parts of type series for three species: Corsira tropicalis Gray (1843), Sorex micrurus Tomes (1862), and Marina tropicalis Merriam (1895). These three names are now considered equivalent, but my recent review of the specimens comprising the series indicates that they include three distinct species: Cryptotis merriami Choate (1970), Cryptotis oreoryctes Woodman (2011), and Cryptotis tropicalis (Merriam 1895). I review the taxonomic history of these specimens, provide current identifications tied directly to museum register numbers, describe how to distinguish the three species, and provide revised synonymies for these species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 875WC UT WOS:000299064900001 ER PT J AU Ernst, CH Laemmerzahl, AF Lovich, JE AF Ernst, Carl H. Laemmerzahl, Arndt F. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI Does the "kamaroma"-plastron pattern morph occur in both Philippine subspecies of the turtle Cuora amboinensis? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE box turtle; Philippine turtle species; plastron patterns; turtle subspecies AB Two subspecies of the turtle Cuora amboinensis have been reported from the Philippine Islands, C. a. amboinensis and C. a. kamaroma, distinguished primarily by their carapace morphology, and secondarily by their plastron patterns. We assessed the utility of using shell and postorbital-stripe morphology instead of plastron patterns to distinguish these putative taxa. Adult C. amboinensis from the Philippines were examined to determine the extent of occurrence of C. a. kamaroma on the islands. Several morphological carapace characters and one based on the postorbital stripe were found to differ significantly between the subspecies C. a. amboinensis and C. a. kamaroma, and were used to assign turtles to subspecies. Use of these characters often resulted in conflicting subspecific identifications for those previously assigned by their plastron patterns to C. a. kamaroma. This poses important questions. Using the carapace and postorbital-stripe characters, 95.2% of the turtles in the mainland chain of islands were identified as C. a. amboinensis, and only 4.8% as C. a. kamaroma. Surprisingly, most of those assigned to C. a. kamaroma were from the northern islands of Babuyan and Luzon, not from the southern main chain island populations closest to the likely geographic area of invasion by that subspecies. This may be due to the common practice of importation of C. a. kamaroma into these northern islands, especially Luzon, for food. Turtles with kamaroma-like or C. a. amboinensis X C. a. kamaroma plastron patterns have been reported from the Sulu Archipelago and Busuanga/Palawan chain, and those specimens we examined from those islands confirmed this. The questions of whether or not C. a. kamaroma actually occurs in the Philippines and, if so, what is its island distribution, cannot be answered at this time. All specimens previously identified as C. a. kamaroma by their plastron-patterns should be re-evaluated, using the significant carapace and postorbital-stripe characters identified by Rummler & Fritz (1991) and in this paper. Philippine Cuora amboinensis cannot be identified to subspecies by their plastron patterns alone. C1 [Ernst, Carl H.] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 162, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.] George Mason Univ, Biol Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ernst, CH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MRC 162, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chernst@frontiernet.net; alaemmer@gmu.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 124 IS 4 BP 259 EP 269 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 875WC UT WOS:000299064900002 ER PT J AU Nagler, P AF Nagler, Pamela TI The role of remote sensing observations and models in hydrology: the science of evapotranspiration Preface SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nagler, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E S Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 26 SI SI BP 3977 EP 3978 DI 10.1002/hyp.8436 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 867TL UT WOS:000298477300001 ER PT J AU Senay, GB Leake, S Nagler, PL Artan, G Dickinson, J Cordova, JT Glenn, EP AF Senay, G. B. Leake, S. Nagler, P. L. Artan, G. Dickinson, J. Cordova, J. T. Glenn, E. P. TI Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; water balance; energy balance; remote sensing; vegetation indices; basin scale ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; SAMPLING ERRORS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrological process that can be studied and estimated at multiple spatial scales ranging from a leaf to a river basin. We present a review of methods in estimating basin scale ET and its applications in understanding basin water balance dynamics. The review focuses on two aspects of ET: (i) how the basin scale water balance approach is used to estimate ET; and (ii) how direct measurement and modelling approaches are used to estimate basin scale ET. Obviously, the basin water balance-based ET requires the availability of good precipitation and discharge data to calculate ET as a residual on longer time scales (annual) where net storage changes are assumed to be negligible. ET estimated from such a basin water balance principle is generally used for validating the performance of ET models. On the other hand, many of the direct estimation methods involve the use of remotely sensed data to estimate spatially explicit ET and use basin-wide averaging to estimate basin scale ET. The direct methods can be grouped into soil moisture balance modelling, satellite-based vegetation index methods, and methods based on satellite land surface temperature measurements that convert potential ET into actual ET using a proportionality relationship. The review also includes the use of complementary ET estimation principles for large area applications. The review identifies the need to compare and evaluate the different ET approaches using standard data sets in basins covering different hydro-climatic regions of the world. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Senay, G. B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Leake, S.] USGS Pacific SW Area, Tucson, AZ USA. [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Artan, G.] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Senay, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM senay@usgs.gov RI Dickinson, Jesse/I-7177-2016 OI Dickinson, Jesse/0000-0002-0048-0839 NR 62 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 26 SI SI BP 4037 EP 4049 DI 10.1002/hyp.8379 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 867TL UT WOS:000298477300006 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Neale, CMU Hunsaker, DJ Nagler, PL AF Glenn, Edward P. Neale, Christopher M. U. Hunsaker, Doug J. Nagler, Pamela L. TI Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Landsat; reflectance-based crop coefficients; irrigation scheduling; hydrological cycle; climate change studies ID POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EDDY COVARIANCE; USE EFFICIENCY; RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; FLUX TOWERS; MODIS DATA; LEAF-AREA; WATER-USE AB Crop coefficients were developed to determine crop water needs based on the evapotranspiration (ET) of a reference crop under a given set of meteorological conditions. Starting in the 1980s, crop coefficients developed through lysimeter studies or set by expert opinion began to be supplemented by remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) that measured the actual status of the crop on a field-by-field basis. VIs measure the density of green foliage based on the reflectance of visible and near infrared (NIR) light from the canopy, and are highly correlated with plant physiological processes that depend on light absorption by a canopy such as ET and photosynthesis. Reflectance-based crop coefficients have now been developed for numerous individual crops, including corn, wheat, alfalfa, cotton, potato, sugar beet, vegetables, grapes and orchard crops. Other research has shown that VIs can be used to predict ET over fields of mixed crops, allowing them to be used to monitor ET over entire irrigation districts. VI-based crop coefficients can help reduce agricultural water use by matching irrigation rates to the actual water needs of a crop as it grows instead of to a modeled crop growing under optimal conditions. Recently, the concept has been applied to natural ecosystems at the local, regional and continental scales of measurement, using time-series satellite data from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. VIs or other visible-NIR band algorithms are combined with meteorological data to predict ET in numerous biome types, from deserts, to arctic tundra, to tropical rainforests. These methods often closely match ET measured on the ground at the global FluxNet array of eddy covariance moisture and carbon flux towers. The primary advantage of VI methods for estimating ET is that transpiration is closely related to radiation absorbed by the plant canopy, which is closely related to VIs. The primary disadvantage is that they cannot capture stress effects or soil evaporation. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Neale, Christopher M. U.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hunsaker, Doug J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 100 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 112 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 26 SI SI BP 4050 EP 4062 DI 10.1002/hyp.8392 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 867TL UT WOS:000298477300007 ER PT J AU Doody, TM Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Moore, GW Morino, K Hultine, KR Benyon, RG AF Doody, Tanya M. Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Moore, Georgianne W. Morino, Kiyomi Hultine, Kevin R. Benyon, Richard G. TI Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE willow; saltcedar; riparian vegetation evapotranspiration; riparian vegetation; water balance; ecohydrology; sap flow; invasive; water salvage; Murray-Darling Basin ID LOWER COLORADO RIVER; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SAP FLUX; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX; EDDY COVARIANCE; RIPARIAN TREES; PECOS RIVER; EUCALYPTUS-CAMALDULENSIS AB Globally, expansion of non-native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50-year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray-Darling Basin. Although large-scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non-native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Doody, Tanya M.] CSIRO Land & Water, Natl Res Flagship, CSIRO Water Hlth Country, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Doody, Tanya M.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. [Moore, Georgianne W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Benyon, Richard G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Doody, TM (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM tanya.doody@csiro.au RI doody, tanya/C-6890-2011; Moore, Georgianne/B-7891-2011 OI Moore, Georgianne/0000-0001-5190-5983 FU North East Catchment Management Authority, Water for Rivers; CSIRO FX The reported Australian research was funded by the North East Catchment Management Authority, Water for Rivers and the CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge John Thorp (Weeds of National Significance) and Chris Auricht for assistance, and Dr Albert Van Dijk and Ms Susan Cuddy for review comments. NR 138 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 26 SI SI BP 4117 EP 4131 DI 10.1002/hyp.8395 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 867TL UT WOS:000298477300013 ER PT J AU Scharer, KM Biasi, GP Weldon, RJ AF Scharer, Katherine M. Biasi, Glenn P. Weldon, Ray J., II TI A reevaluation of the Pallett Creek earthquake chronology based on new AMS radiocarbon dates, San Andreas fault, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; RECURRENCE AB The Pallett Creek paleoseismic record occupies a keystone position in most attempts to develop rupture histories for the southern San Andreas fault. Previous estimates of earthquake ages at Pallett Creek were determined by decay counting radiocarbon methods. That method requires large samples which can lead to unaccounted sources of uncertainty in radiocarbon ages because of the heterogeneous composition of organic layers. In contrast, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates may be obtained from small samples that have known carbon sources and also allow for a more complete sampling of the section. We present 65 new AMS radiocarbon dates that span nine ground-rupturing earthquakes at Pallett Creek. Overall, the AMS dates are similar to and reveal no dramatic bias in the conventional dates. For many layers, however, individual charcoal samples were younger than the conventional dates, leading to earthquake ages that are overall slightly younger than previously reported. New earthquake ages are determined by Bayesian refinement of the layer ages based on stratigraphic ordering and sedimentological constraints. The new chronology is more regular than previously published records in large part due to new samples constraining the age of event R. The closed interval from event C to 1857 has a mean recurrence of 135 years (sigma = 83.2 years) and a quasiperiodic coefficient of variation (COV) of 0.61. We show that the new dates and resultant earthquake chronology have a stronger effect on COV than the specific membership of this long series and dating precision improvements from sedimentation rates. C1 [Scharer, Katherine M.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Biasi, Glenn P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab 174, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Weldon, Ray J., II] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Scharer, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM kscharer@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program [07HQGR0019]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008]; Appalachian State University Dewel Microscopy Facility; University of Oregon Archaeometry Facility; Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX This work was funded by external grants from the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (Award Number 07HQGR0019) and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1291. Additional support came from the Appalachian State University Dewel Microscopy Facility, the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the University of Oregon Archaeometry Facility. We thank Kerry Sieh, James Lienkaemper, and one anonymous reviewer for thoughtful reviews, Teri Gerard for her careful field and laboratory work, and Tom Fumal for encouraging us to pursue this study. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12111 DI 10.1029/2010JB008099 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 872DE UT WOS:000298787300001 ER PT J AU Chouet, B Dawson, P AF Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip TI Shallow conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, revealed by seismic signals associated with degassing bursts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; COMPLEX BODY WAVES; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; POPOCATEPETL VOLCANO; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AB Eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, beginning in March, 2008 and continuing to the present time is characterized by episodic explosive bursts of gas and ash from a vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. These bursts are accompanied by seismic signals that are well recorded by a broadband network deployed in the summit caldera. We investigate in detail the dimensions and oscillation modes of the source of a representative burst in the 1-10 s band. An extended source is realized by a set of point sources distributed on a grid surrounding the source centroid, where the centroid position and source geometry are fixed from previous modeling of very-long-period (VLP) data in the 10-50 s band. The source time histories of all point sources are obtained simultaneously through waveform inversion carried out in the frequency domain. Short-scale noisy fluctuations of the source time histories between adjacent sources are suppressed with a smoothing constraint, whose strength is determined through a minimization of the Akaike Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). Waveform inversions carried out for homogeneous and heterogeneous velocity structures both image a dominant source component in the form of an east trending dike with dimensions of 2.9 x 2.9 km. The dike extends similar to 2 km west and similar to 0.9 km east of the VLP centroid and spans the depth range 0.2-3.1 km. The source model for a homogeneous velocity structure suggests the dike is hinged at the source centroid where it bends from a strike E 27 degrees N with northern dip of 85 degrees west of the centroid, to a strike E 7 degrees N with northern dip of 80 degrees east of the centroid. The oscillating behavior of the dike is dominated by simple harmonic modes with frequencies similar to 0.2 Hz and similar to 0.5 Hz, representing the fundamental mode nu(11) and first degenerate mode nu(12) = nu(21) of the dike. Although not strongly supported by data in the 1-10 s band, a north striking dike segment is required for enhanced compatibility with the model elaborated in the 10-50 s band. This dike provides connectivity between the east trending dike and the new vent within Halemaumau Pit Crater. Waveform inversions with a dual-dike model suggest dimensions of 0.7 x 0.7 km to 2.6 x 2.6 km for this segment. Further elaboration of the complex dike system under Halemaumau does not appear to be feasible with presently available data. C1 [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chouet, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov; dawson@usgs.gov FU Hawaiian Volcano Observatory FX We are grateful to the staff of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for their help and support with the maintenance and operation of the Kilauea broadband seismic network. We would like to thank Masaru Nakano for enlightening discussions. We are indebted to Robert Tilling, Gilberto Saccorotti, and the Associate Editor of JGR-Solid Earth for helpful suggestions. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12317 DI 10.1029/2011JB008677 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 872DB UT WOS:000298787000005 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Bakun, WH Flores, CH AF ten Brink, Uri S. Bakun, William H. Flores, Claudia H. TI Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LESSER-ANTILLES; TSUNAMI SIMULATIONS; PLATE BOUNDARY; VIRGIN ISLANDS; PUERTO-RICO; EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION; FAULT; ARC; MAGNITUDES AB We evaluate the long-term seismic activity of the North-American/Caribbean plate boundary from 500 years of historical earthquake damage reports. The 2010 Haiti earthquakes and other earthquakes were used to derive regional attenuation relationships between earthquake intensity, magnitude, and distance from the reported damage to the epicenter, for Hispaniola and for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The attenuation relationship for Hispaniola earthquakes and northern Lesser Antilles earthquakes is similar to that for California earthquakes, indicating a relatively rapid attenuation of damage intensity with distance. Intensities in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands decrease less rapidly with distance. We use the intensity-magnitude relationships to systematically search for the location and intensity magnitude M-I which best fit all the reported damage for historical earthquakes. Many events occurred in the 20th-century along the plate-boundary segment from central Hispaniola to the NW tip of Puerto Rico, but earlier events from this segment were not identified. The remaining plate boundary to the east to Guadeloupe is probably not associated with M > 8 historical subduction-zone earthquakes. The May 2, 1787 earthquake, previously assigned an M 8-8.25, is probably only M-I 6.9 and could be located north, west or SW of Puerto Rico. An M-I 6.9 earthquake on July 11, 1785 was probably located north or east of the Virgin Islands. We located M-I < 8 historical earthquakes on April 5, 1690, February 8, 1843, and October 8, 1974 in the northern Lesser Antilles within the arc. We speculate that the December 2, 1562 (M-I 7.7) and May 7, 1842 (M-I 7.6) earthquakes ruptured the Septentrional Fault in northern Hispaniola. If so, the recurrence interval on the central Septentrional Fault is similar to 300 years, and only 170 years has elapsed since the last event. The recurrence interval of large earthquakes along the Hispaniola subduction segment is likely longer than the historical record. Intra-arc M >= 7.0 earthquakes may occur every 75-100 years in the 410-km-long segment between the Virgin Islands and Guadeloupe. C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.; Flores, Claudia H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Haiti earthquake FX Bill Ellsworth and Ross Stein encouraged this collaborative effort following the 2010 Haiti earthquake and provided valuable comments and support throughout. We thank Colleen Hurter from MBL/WHOI Library for her help in finding historical references, Brian Atwater and Kathleen Deagan for helpful discussion, and Yong Wei for generously allowing us to publish his tsunami model. Daniel Brothers and Bill Dillon provided helpful critical comments on the manuscript. The thoughtful reviews by Jim Hengesh, Gordon Seitz, and Franco Pettenati are gratefully acknowledged. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12318 DI 10.1029/2011JB008497 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 872DB UT WOS:000298787000002 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Thomas, NJ AF Dubey, J. P. Thomas, N. J. TI Sarcocystis neurona retinochoroiditis in a sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; Sea otter; Enhydra lutris kenyoni; Retinochoroiditis; Schizonts ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; INTERMEDIATE HOST; NEUROLOGIC-DISEASE; PROCYON-LOTOR; INFECTION; NEREIS; TRANSMISSION; SPOROCYSTS AB Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of fatal disease in sea otters in the USA. Encephalitis is the predominant lesion and parasites are confined to the central nervous system and muscles. Here we report retinochoroiditis in a sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) found dead on Copalis Beach, WA, USA. Salient lesions were confined to the brain and eye. Multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis was present in the cerebrum and cerebellum associated with S. neurona schizonts. The retina of one eye had a focus of inflammation that contained numerous S. neurona schizonts and merozoites. The focus extended from the retinal pigment epithelium inward through all layers of the retina, but inflammation was most concentrated at the inner surface of the tapetum and the outer retina. The inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina were disorganized and irregular at the site of inflammation. There was severe congestion and mild hemorrhage in the choroid, and mild hemorrhage into the vitreous body. Immunohistochemistry with S. neurona-specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies stained schizonts and merozoites. To our knowledge this is the first report of S. neurona-associated retinochoroiditis in any naturally infected animal. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomas, N. J.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 183 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.022 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 867JJ UT WOS:000298450400025 PM 21782345 ER PT J AU Seccia, D Chiarabba, C De Gori, P Bianchi, I Hill, DP AF Seccia, D. Chiarabba, C. De Gori, P. Bianchi, I. Hill, D. P. TI Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; P-WAVE; TELESEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; TRAVEL-TIMES; MT-VESUVIUS AB We present a new P wave and S wave velocity model for the upper crust beneath Long Valley Caldera obtained using local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis. We computed the tomographic model using both a graded inversion scheme and a traditional approach. We complement the tomographic V-p model with a teleseismic receiver function model based on data from broadband seismic stations (MLAC and MKV) located on the SE and SW margins of the resurgent dome inside the caldera. The inversions resolve (1) a shallow, high-velocity P wave anomaly associated with the structural uplift of a resurgent dome; (2) an elongated, WNW striking low-velocity anomaly (8%-10 % reduction in Vp) at a depth of 6 km (4 km below mean sea level) beneath the southern section of the resurgent dome; and (3) a broad, low-velocity volume (similar to 5% reduction in V-p and as much as 40% reduction in V-s) in the depth interval 8-14 km (6-12 km below mean sea level) beneath the central section of the caldera. The two low-velocity volumes partially overlap the geodetically inferred inflation sources that drove uplift of the resurgent dome associated with caldera unrest between 1980 and 2000, and they likely reflect the ascent path for magma or magmatic fluids into the upper crust beneath the caldera. C1 [Seccia, D.; Chiarabba, C.; De Gori, P.; Bianchi, I.] CNT, INGV, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Hill, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seccia, D.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. [Bianchi, I.] Univ Vienna, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Seccia, D (reprint author), CNT, INGV, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM danilo.seccia@ingv.it RI chiarabba, claudio/G-4780-2011; Bianchi, Irene /N-5596-2015 OI chiarabba, claudio/0000-0002-8111-3466; Bianchi, Irene /0000-0001-8630-5531 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0552316] FX We are grateful to Phil Dawson and Bruce Julian for their constructive reviews of an early draft of this paper. Nicola Piana Agostinetti provided receiver function analysis codes. We thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for providing very useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Materials provided by the IRIS Education and Outreach Program have been used in this study. The facilities of the IRIS Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center, were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study. The IRIS DMS is funded through the National Science Foundation and specifically the GEO Directorate through the Instrumentation and Facilities Program of the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR-0552316. GMT [Wessel and Smith, 1991] was used for developing figures. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12314 DI 10.1029/2011JB008471 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868AO UT WOS:000298496100001 ER PT J AU Cury, PM Boyd, IL Bonhommeau, S Anker-Nilssen, T Crawford, RJM Furness, RW Mills, JA Murphy, EJ Osterblom, H Paleczny, M Piatt, JF Roux, JP Shannon, L Sydeman, WJ AF Cury, Philippe M. Boyd, Ian L. Bonhommeau, Sylvain Anker-Nilssen, Tycho Crawford, Robert J. M. Furness, Robert W. Mills, James A. Murphy, Eugene J. Oesterblom, Henrik Paleczny, Michelle Piatt, John F. Roux, Jean-Paul Shannon, Lynne Sydeman, William J. TI Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion-One-Third for the Birds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOOD AVAILABILITY; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS AB Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird breeding success. We identified a threshold in prey (fish and krill, termed "forage fish") abundance below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity. This response was common to all seven ecosystems and 14 bird species examined within the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The threshold approximated one-third of the maximum prey biomass observed in long-term studies. This provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term. C1 [Cury, Philippe M.] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Boyd, Ian L.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Bonhommeau, Sylvain] IFREMER, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Anker-Nilssen, Tycho] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Crawford, Robert J. M.] Dept Environm Affairs, Branch Oceans & Coasts, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Crawford, Robert J. M.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Murphy, Eugene J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Oesterblom, Henrik] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Balt Nest Inst, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Paleczny, Michelle] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Roux, Jean-Paul] Luderitz Marine Res, Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources, Ecosyst Anal Sect, Luderitz, Namibia. [Roux, Jean-Paul] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Cury, PM (reprint author), Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, Ave Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France. EM philippe.cury@ird.fr; ilb@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Osterblom, Henrik/D-4249-2012; Bonhommeau, Sylvain/P-8654-2014; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; OI Bonhommeau, Sylvain/0000-0002-0882-5918; Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Osterblom, Henrik/0000-0002-1913-5197 FU Eur-Oceans Consortium; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force; Mistra; Sea Around Us Project; South African Research Chair Initiative FX This work was partly funded by Eur-Oceans Consortium, the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force, Mistra, the Sea Around Us Project, and the South African Research Chair Initiative. Disclaimers and acknowledgment of institutes and collaborators are provided in the SOM. Data, methods, and codes are available in the SOM. NR 29 TC 198 Z9 201 U1 17 U2 181 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 23 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6063 BP 1703 EP 1706 DI 10.1126/science.1212928 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865XK UT WOS:000298344000067 PM 22194577 ER PT J AU Adams, DT Nielsen, RL Kent, AJR Tepley, FJ AF Adams, David T. Nielsen, Roger L. Kent, Adam J. R. Tepley, Frank J., III TI Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crustal processes; magma transport; plagioclase ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; LASER-ABLATION ICPMS; MORB PARENT MAGMAS; PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPAR; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; OLIVINE; MANTLE AB Melt inclusions trapped in phenocryst phases are important primarily due to their potential of preserving a significant proportion of the diversity of magma composition prior to modification of the parent magma array during transport through the crust. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of formational and post-entrapment processes on the composition of melt inclusions hosted in high anorthite plagioclase in MORB. Our observations from three plagioclase ultra-phyric lavas from the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge document a narrow range of major elements and a dramatically greater range of minor and trace elements within most host plagioclase crystals. Observed host/inclusion partition coefficients for Ti are consistent with experimental determinations. In addition, observed values of D-Ti are independent of inclusion size and inclusion TiO2 content of the melt inclusion. These observations preclude significant effects from the re-homogenization process, entrapment of incompatible element boundary layers or dissolution/precipitation. The observed wide range of TiO2 contents in the host feldspar, and between bands of melt inclusions within individual crystals rule out modification of TiO2 contents by diffusion, either pre-eruption or due to re-homogenization. However, we do observe comparatively small ranges for values of K2O and Sr compared to P2O5 and TiO2 in both inclusions and crystals that can be attributed to diffusive processes that occurred prior to eruption. C1 [Adams, David T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tepley, Frank J., III] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Nielsen, Roger L.; Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Adams, DT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dadams@usgs.gov; nielsenr@geo.oregonstate.edu; kentad@geo.oregonstate.edu; ftepley@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NSF [OCE0927773] FX We wish to acknowledge the generosity of all our colleagues who freely gave us samples of plagioclase phyric basalts over the years. This work could not have been done without access to those samples, and the advice of many on where to look in the dim and dark recesses of our sample repositories. This work was supported by NSF grant OCE0927773. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 22 PY 2011 VL 12 AR Q12T11 DI 10.1029/2011GC003778 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868AX UT WOS:000298497000001 ER PT J AU Wang, AA Freeman, JJ Chou, IM Jolliff, BL AF Wang, Alian Freeman, J. J. Chou, I-Ming Jolliff, B. L. TI Stability of Mg-sulfates at-10 degrees C and the rates of dehydration/rehydration processes under conditions relevant to Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID 0.1 MPA; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; EPSOMITE; FE-2(SO4)(3)(H2O)(5); EQUILIBRIA; REFINEMENT; MERIDIANI; KORNELITE; MINERALS AB We report the results of low temperature (-10 degrees C) experiments on the stability fields and phase transition pathways of five hydrous Mg-sulfates. A low temperature form of MgSO(4)center dot 7H(2)O (LT-7w) was found to have a wide stability field that extends to low relative humidity (similar to 13% RH at -10 degrees C). Using information on the timing of phase transitions, we extracted information on the reaction rates of five important dehydration and rehydration processes. We found that the temperature dependencies of rate constants for dehydration processes differ from those of rehydration, which reflect differences in reaction mechanisms. By extrapolating these rate constants versus T correlations into the T range relevant to Mars, we can evaluate the possibility of occurrence of specific processes and the presence of common Mg-sulfate species present on Mars in different periods and locations. We anticipate in a moderate obliquity period, starkeyite and LH-MgSO(4)center dot H(2)O should be two common Mg-sulfates at the surface, another polymorph MH-MgSO(4)center dot H(2)O can exist at the locations where hydrothermal processes may have occurred. In polar regions or within the subsurface of other regions, meridianiite (coexisting with water ice, near 100% RH) and LT-7w (over a large RH range) are the stable phases. During a high obliquity period, meridianiite and LT-7w should exhibit widespread occurrence. The correlations of reaction rates versus temperature found in this study imply that dehydration and rehydration of hydrous Mg-sulfates would always be slower than the sublimation and crystallization of water ice, which would be supported by mission observations from Odyssey and by Mars Exploration Rovers. C1 [Wang, Alian; Freeman, J. J.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, Alian; Freeman, J. J.; Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wang, AA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM alianw@levee.wustl.edu FU NASA [NNG05GM95G, NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G, 1295053] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNG05GM95G, NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G, and NASA contract 1295053. We are thankful for R. Peterson in conducting the low temperature XRD pattern calculation of MgSO4center dot 7D2O, for M. Mellon in communicating his insight of Martian temperature variations, for M. Wolff in providing the surface temperature data measured at the Spirit site, and for Y. L. Lu in helping some the laboratory measurements. Furthermore, we would express our appreciations to M. Zolotov and V. Chevrier, for their critiques and suggestions that helped improve this manuscript. The use of trade product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by Washington University or the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR E12006 DI 10.1029/2011JE003818 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868CK UT WOS:000298501100001 ER PT J AU Jensen, BJL Preece, SJ Lamothe, M Pearce, NJG Froese, DG Westgate, JA Schaefer, J Beget, J AF Jensen, Britta J. L. Preece, Shari J. Lamothe, Michel Pearce, Nick J. G. Froese, Duane G. Westgate, John A. Schaefer, Janet Beget, Jim TI The variegated (VT) tephra: A new regional marker for middle to late marine isotope stage 5 across Yukon and Alaska SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; WEST-CENTRAL YUKON; OLD CROW TEPHRA; DAWSON TEPHRA; STRATIGRAPHIC MARKER; PLEISTOCENE LOESS; FELDSPAR IRSL; LATE PLIOCENE; TERRITORY; CANADA AB The Variegated (VT) tephra, likely sourced from the eastern Aleutian arc, has a geographic distribution that places it amongst the most widespread tephra beds in eastern Beringia. First identified in the Fairbanks area of interior Alaska, it has been identified at eight additional sites ranging from Togiak Bay in southwestern Alaska, to the Klondike area of west-central Yukon. Correlation of these occurrences is established through the equivalence of glass major and trace-element geochemistry, Fe-Ti oxide geochemistry, stratigraphy, and independent age data. In Yukon and Alaska, VT tephra has a minimum bulk tephra volume estimate of similar to 32 km(3). Previous age estimates for VT tephra have varied, ranging from a glass fission-track age of 125 +/- 30 ka to a weighted mean thermoluminescence (TL) age of 77.8 +/- 4.1 ka from bracketing ages on loess. A new infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) age of 106 +/- 10 ka, paleoenvironmental data, and several TL and IRSL ages from Togiak Bay suggest that the time of deposition is more likely between these previous age estimates: post-marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e but underlying a prominent soil likely associated with MIS 5c, placing it within late MIS 5d. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Jensen, Britta J. L.; Froese, Duane G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Preece, Shari J.; Westgate, John A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Lamothe, Michel] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Terre & Atmosphere, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Pearce, Nick J. G.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. [Schaefer, Janet] Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Beget, Jim] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Jensen, BJL (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-26 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM bjjensen@ualberta.ca; preecesh@utoronto.ca; lamothe.michel@uqam.ca; uk.njp@aber.ac.uk; duane.froese@ualberta.ca; westgate@geology.utoronto.ca; janet.schaefer@alaska.gov; jebeget@alaska.edu RI Pearce, Nicholas/B-5295-2009; OI Jensen, Britta/0000-0001-9134-7170; Pearce, Nicholas/0000-0003-3157-9564 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Canadian Circum-polar Institute FX This research was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to DF and JAW), the Northern Scientific Training Program, and the Canadian Circum-polar Institute. We would like to thank D. Kaufman for his generosity in supplying extra material for additional analyses on the Togiak Bay samples, and A. Reyes, P. O'Callaghan, J. Chomyk, and C. Atkins for assistance in the field. We thank reviewers David Pyle and Kristy Wallace for their constructive comments, which have resulted in an improved manuscript. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD DEC 20 PY 2011 VL 246 BP 312 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.06.028 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 864WG UT WOS:000298270600029 ER PT J AU Farmer, JR Cronin, TM de Vernal, A Dwyer, GS Keigwin, LD Thunell, RC AF Farmer, Jesse R. Cronin, Thomas M. de Vernal, Anne Dwyer, Gary S. Keigwin, Lloyd D. Thunell, Robert C. TI Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC WATER; SEA-ICE; NORTHERN BARENTS; CHUKCHI SEA; HOLOCENE; HALOCLINE; HISTORY; CLIMATE; SURFACE; RECORD AB We reconstructed subsurface (similar to 200-400 m) ocean temperature and sea-ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal delta O-18, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from -1 to 0.5 degrees C and -0.5 to 1.5 degrees C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial-scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea-ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7 degrees C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5 degrees C. Citation: Farmer, J. R., T. M. Cronin, A. de Vernal, G. S. Dwyer, L. D. Keigwin, and R. C. Thunell (2011), Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24602, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049714. C1 [Farmer, Jesse R.; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [de Vernal, Anne] GEOTOP UQAM McGill, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Dwyer, Gary S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Keigwin, Lloyd D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thunell, Robert C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Farmer, JR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM jfarmer@ldeo.columbia.edu RI de Vernal, Anne/D-5602-2013 OI de Vernal, Anne/0000-0001-5656-724X FU USGS; NSF Office of Polar Programs; Fond quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT); Ministere du Developpement economique, innovation et exportation (MDEIE) of Quebec FX We are thankful for the assistance of E. Roosen with core sampling, E. Tappa for stable isotope analyses, L. Gemery, R. Poirier, and R. Glazer with laboratory procedures, M. Henry and B. Frechette for dinocyst analyses, consultations with L. Polyak and D. Darby, and insightful comments from R. Spielhagen, M. Pavich, M. Robinson, and an anonymous reviewer that greatly improved the manuscript. J.R.F., T. M. C., and R. C. T. thank support by USGS Global Change Program, G. S. D. thanks support from the USGS Global Change Program and the NSF Office of Polar Programs, A.d.V. thanks support by Fond quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) and the Ministere du Developpement economique, innovation et exportation (MDEIE) of Quebec. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L24602 DI 10.1029/2011GL049714 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 864TG UT WOS:000298262400002 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Puckett, LJ AF Tesoriero, Anthony J. Puckett, Larry J. TI O-2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINCOLNSHIRE LIMESTONE AQUIFER; GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; FLOW PATHS; SULFATE REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; SULFIDE OXIDATION; REDOX PROCESSES; SURFACE-WATER; SAND AQUIFER AB O-2 reduction and denitrification rates were determined in shallow aquifers of 12 study areas representing a wide range in sedimentary environments and climatic conditions. Zero- and first-order rates were determined by relating reactant or product concentrations to apparent groundwater age. O-2 reduction rates varied widely within and between sites, with zero-order rates ranging from <3 mu mol L-1 yr(-1) to more than 140 mu mol L-1 yr(-1) and first-order rates ranging from 0.02 to 0.27 yr(-1). Moderate denitrification rates (10-100 mu mol N L-1 yr(-1); 0.06-0.30 yr(-1)) were observed in most areas with O-2 concentrations below 60 mu mol L-1, while higher rates (> 100 mu mol N L-1 yr(-1); > 0.36 yr(-1)) occur when changes in lithology result in a sharp increase in the supply of electron donors. Denitrification lag times (i.e., groundwater travel times prior to the onset of denitrification) ranged from < 20 yr to > 80 yr. The availability of electron donors is indicated as the primary factor affecting O-2 reduction rates. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and/or sulfate (an indicator of sulfide oxidation) were positively correlated with groundwater age at sites with high O-2 reduction rates and negatively correlated at sites with lower rates. Furthermore, electron donors from recharging DOC are not sufficient to account for appreciable O-2 and nitrate reduction. These relations suggest that lithologic sources of DOC and sulfides are important sources of electrons at these sites but surface-derived sources of DOC are not. A review of published rates suggests that denitrification tends to occur more quickly when linked with sulfide oxidation than with carbon oxidation. C1 [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Puckett, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM tesorier@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). L.N. Plummer, E. Busenberg, and their colleagues at the USGS CFC laboratory are gratefully acknowledged for the interpretation and analysis of samples for CFCs, SF6, and other dissolved gases. The authors thank the many USGS scientists that conducted research on these sites and laid the foundation upon which this work could build, including: J.K. Bohlke, Stephen Hinkle, Peter McMahon, Steven Phillips, David Saad, Gary Speiran, and Mary Ann Thomas. Private landowners are gratefully acknowledged for permitting us to access their land to install and sample monitoring wells. We thank Peter McMahon and Christopher Green (both of USGS) for many helpful suggestions. Three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor of this journal are gratefully acknowledged for their insightful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 89 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W12522 DI 10.1029/2011WR010471 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 864RB UT WOS:000298256400001 ER PT J AU Page, MT Alderson, D Doyle, J AF Page, Morgan T. Alderson, David Doyle, John TI The magnitude distribution of earthquakes near Southern California faults SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GUTENBERG-RICHTER; SOURCE MODEL; SHORT-TERM; PREDICTION; PARKFIELD AB We investigate seismicity near faults in the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model. We search for anomalously large events that might be signs of a characteristic earthquake distribution. We find that seismicity near major fault zones in Southern California is well modeled by a Gutenberg-Richter distribution, with no evidence of characteristic earthquakes within the resolution limits of the modern instrumental catalog. However, the b value of the locally observed magnitude distribution is found to depend on distance to the nearest mapped fault segment, which suggests that earthquakes nucleating near major faults are likely to have larger magnitudes relative to earthquakes nucleating far from major faults. C1 [Page, Morgan T.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Alderson, David] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Doyle, John] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Page, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM pagem@caltech.edu; dlalders@nps.edu; doyle@cds.caltech.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12309 DI 10.1029/2010JB007933 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 864SZ UT WOS:000298261700001 ER PT J AU Holtgrieve, GW Schindler, DE Hobbs, WO Leavitt, PR Ward, EJ Bunting, L Chen, GJ Finney, BP Gregory-Eaves, I Holmgren, S Lisac, MJ Lisi, PJ Nydick, K Rogers, LA Saros, JE Selbie, DT Shapley, MD Walsh, PB Wolfe, AP AF Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Schindler, Daniel E. Hobbs, William O. Leavitt, Peter R. Ward, Eric J. Bunting, Lynda Chen, Guangjie Finney, Bruce P. Gregory-Eaves, Irene Holmgren, Sofia Lisac, Mark J. Lisi, Peter J. Nydick, Koren Rogers, Lauren A. Saros, Jasmine E. Selbie, Daniel T. Shapley, Mark D. Walsh, Patrick B. Wolfe, Alexander P. TI A Coherent Signature of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition to Remote Watersheds of the Northern Hemisphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; LAKES; ISOTOPES; CLIMATE; SHIFTS; ENRICHMENT; COLORADO; NITRATE; DRIVEN; CYCLE AB Humans have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) added to the biosphere, yet most of what is known about its accumulation and ecological effects is derived from studies of heavily populated regions. Nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios (N-15:N-14) in dated sediments from 25 remote Northern Hemisphere lakes show a coherent signal of an isotopically distinct source of N to ecosystems beginning in 1895 +/- 10 years (+/- 1 standard deviation). Initial shifts in N isotope composition recorded in lake sediments coincide with anthropogenic CO2 emissions but accelerate with widespread industrial Nr production during the past half century. Although current atmospheric Nr deposition rates in remote regions are relatively low, anthropogenic N has probably influenced watershed N budgets across the Northern Hemisphere for over a century. C1 [Holtgrieve, Gordon W.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Lisi, Peter J.; Rogers, Lauren A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hobbs, William O.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN USA. [Leavitt, Peter R.; Bunting, Lynda] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Limnol Lab, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Chen, Guangjie; Gregory-Eaves, Irene] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Chen, Guangjie] Yunnan Normal Univ, Sch Tourism & Geog, Key Lab Plateau Lake Ecol & Global Change, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Holmgren, Sofia] Lund Univ, Div Geol, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Lisac, Mark J.; Walsh, Patrick B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dillingham, AK USA. [Nydick, Koren] Mt Studies Inst, Silverton, CO USA. [Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. [Selbie, Daniel T.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Cultus Lake Salmon Res Lab, Pacific Reg, Cultus Lake, BC, Canada. [Wolfe, Alexander P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Holtgrieve, GW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gholt@uw.edu RI Leavitt, Peter/A-1048-2013; Bunting, Lynda/K-2039-2013; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009; OI Leavitt, Peter/0000-0001-9805-9307; Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567; Hobbs, William/0000-0001-7321-0779 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; Alberta Water Research Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, the Alberta Water Research Institute, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and NSF provided funding for this work. The Canada Foundation for Innovation provided funding to P. R. L. for the University of Regina stable isotope lab. Original data used in this study are available as an R workspace along with example R code in the SOM. NR 24 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 10 U2 153 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 16 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6062 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1126/science.1212267 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 862LE UT WOS:000298091400050 PM 22174250 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Beach Monitoring Criteria: Reading the Fine Print SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; WATER-QUALITY; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA AB Beach monitoring programs aim to decrease swimming-related illnesses resulting from exposure to harmful microbes in recreational waters, while providing maximum beach access. Managers are advised by the U.S. EPA to estimate microbiological water quality based on a 5-day geometric mean of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations or on a jurisdiction-specific single-sample maximum; however, most opt instead to apply a default single-sample maximum to ease application. We examined whether re-evaluation of the U.S. EPA ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) and the epidemiological studies on which they are based could increase public beach access without affecting presumed health risk. Single-sample maxima were calculated using historic monitoring data for 50 beaches along coastal Lake Michigan on various temporal and spatial groupings to assess flexibility in the application of the AWQC. No calculation on either scale was as low as the default maximum (235 CFU/100 mL) that managers typically use, indicating that current applications maybe more conservative than the outlined AWQC. It was notable that beaches subject to point source FIB contamination had lower variation, highlighting the bias in the standards for these beaches. Until new water quality standards are promulgated, more site-specific application of the AWQC may benefit beach managers by allowing swimmers greater access to beaches. This issue will be an important consideration in addressing the forthcoming beach monitoring standards. C1 [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU USGS Ocean Research Priorities Plan; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through USGS FX This research was funded by the USGS Ocean Research Priorities Plan and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through USGS. Engaging discussions with Shannon Briggs (Michigan Department of Environmental Quality) and reviews by Samir Elmir (Florida Department of Health), Jean Adams (USGS), and anonymous reviewers helped us to improve this manuscript. Photo of North Avenue Beach, Chicago, Illinois; credit: Antonio Vernon. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1670 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 10315 EP 10321 DI 10.1021/es202568f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862TZ UT WOS:000298118300010 PM 22059560 ER PT J AU Das, T Pierce, DW Cayan, DR Vano, JA Lettenmaier, DP AF Das, Tapash Pierce, David W. Cayan, Daniel R. Vano, Julie A. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI The importance of warm season warming to western US streamflow changes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER AVAILABILITY; COLORADO RIVER; SIERRA-NEVADA; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; CALIFORNIA AB Warm season climate warming will be a key driver of annual streamflow changes in four major river basins of the western U.S., as shown by hydrological model simulations using fixed precipitation and idealized seasonal temperature changes based on climate projections with SRES A2 forcing. Warm season (April-September) warming reduces streamflow throughout the year; streamflow declines both immediately and in the subsequent cool season. Cool season (October-March) warming, by contrast, increases streamflow immediately, partially compensating for streamflow reductions during the subsequent warm season. A uniform warm season warming of 3 C drives a wide range of annual flow declines across the basins: 13.3%, 7.2%, 1.8%, and 3.6% in the Colorado, Columbia, Northern and Southern Sierra basins, respectively. The same warming applied during the cool season gives annual declines of only 3.5%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Citation: Das, T., D. W. Pierce, D. R. Cayan, J. A. Vano, and D. P. Lettenmaier (2011), The importance of warm season warming to western U. S. streamflow changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23403, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049660. C1 [Das, Tapash; Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Vano, Julie A.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Das, T (reprint author), CH2MHILL, 402 W Broadway,Ste 1450, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU California Energy Commission through California Climate Change Center; NOAA; Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington; DOE [DOE DE-SC0002000]; Office of Science, US Department of Energy (DOE) FX We thank several anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript, and suggestions from Michael D. Dettinger of SIO/USGS. The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modeling for the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) were the source of the climate model output. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy (DOE). Bias-corrected and spatially downscaled climate projections are derived from CMIP3 data are served at: http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip3_projections/. Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program through the California Climate Change Center, and by NOAA's Regional Integrated Scientific Assessment (RISA) program to the California Applications Program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and to the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington. DWP and DRC were also supported in part by DOE grant DOE DE-SC0002000. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L23403 DI 10.1029/2011GL049660 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 864TA UT WOS:000298261800003 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Dahal, D Young, C Chander, G Liu, SG AF Huang, Shengli Dahal, Devendra Young, Claudia Chander, Gyanesh Liu, Shuguang TI Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerial photographs; Landsat; Palmer Drought Severity Index; Prairie Pothole Region; Remote sensing; Surface water; Wetland ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; LANDSAT; FLUCTUATIONS; HYDROLOGY; AMERICA; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; PLAINS AB Spatiotemporal variations of wetland water in the Prairie Pothole Region are controlled by many factors: two of them are temperature and precipitation that form the basis of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Taking the 196 km(2) Cottonwood Lake area in North Dakota as our pilot study site, we integrated PDSI. Landsat images, and aerial photography records to simulate monthly water surface. First, we developed a new Wetland Water Area Index (WWAI) from PDSI to predict water surface area. Second, we developed a water allocation model to simulate the spatial distribution of water bodies at a resolution of 30 m. Third, we used an additional procedure to model the small wetlands (less than 0.8 ha) that could not be detected by Landsat. Our results showed that i) WWAI was highly correlated with water area with an R(2) of 0.90, resulting in a simple regression prediction of monthly water area to capture the intra- and inter-annual water change from 1910 to 2009; ii) the spatial distribution of water bodies modeled from our approach agreed well with the water locations visually identified from the aerial photography records: and iii) the R(2) between our modeled water bodies (including both large and small wetlands) and those from aerial photography records could be up to 0.83 with a mean average error of 0.64 km(2) within the study area where the modeled wetland water areas ranged from about 2 to 14 km(2). These results indicate that our approach holds great potential to simulate major changes in wetland water surface for ecosystem service; however, our products could capture neither the short-term water change caused by intensive rainstorm events nor the wetland change caused by human activities. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Huang, Shengli] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Dahal, Devendra; Chander, Gyanesh] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; USGS [G08PC91508, G10PC00044] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture's Conservation Effects Assessment Program (CEAP)-Wetlands, the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and the Global Change Research Programs. The authors greatly thank Jennifer Rover for providing Landsat data, Craig Walters and Thomas Adamson for revising the English, and Drs. Xuexia Chen and Yinxing Gu for comments on the early version of this manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers for providing their invaluable, thoughtful, and constructive comments and suggestions for the manuscript's improvement Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.; Work performed under USGS contract G08PC91508.; Work performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 12 BP 3377 EP 3389 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 865LB UT WOS:000298311300035 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Gelfenbaum, G Buckley, ML Richmond, BM AF Morton, Robert A. Gelfenbaum, Guy Buckley, Mark L. Richmond, Bruce M. TI Geological effects and implications of the 2010 tsunami along the central coast of Chile SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multiple flow directions; Coastal hazards; Sediment transport; Boulders; Sedimentary deposit; Erosion ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; SRI-LANKA; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; SEPTEMBER 2009; FIELD SURVEY; EARTHQUAKE; DEPOSITS; SUMATRA; ISLANDS; HAWAII AB Geological effects of the 2010 Chilean tsunami were quantified at five near-field sites along a 200 km segment of coast located between the two zones of predominant fault slip. Field measurements, including topography, flow depths, flow directions, scour depths, and deposit thicknesses, provide insights into the processes and morphological changes associated with tsunami inundation and return flow. The superposition of downed trees recorded multiple strong onshore and alongshore flows that arrived at different times and from different directions. The most likely explanation for the diverse directions and timing of coastal inundation combines (1) variable fault rupture and asymmetrical slip displacement of the seafloor away from the epicenter with (2) resonant amplification of coastal edge waves. Other possible contributing factors include local interaction of incoming flow and return flow and delayed wave reflection by the southern coast of Peni. Coastal embayments amplified the maximum inundation distances at two sites (2.4 and 2.6 km, respectively). Tsunami vertical erosion included scour and planation of the land surface, inundation scour around the bases of trees, and channel incision from return flow. Sheets and wedges of sand and gravel were deposited at all of the sites. Locally derived boulders up to 1 m in diameter were transported as much as 400 m inland and deposited as fields of dispersed clasts. The presence of lobate bedforms at one site indicates that at least some of the late-stage sediment transport was as bed load and not as suspended load. Most of the tsunami deposits were less than 25 cm thick. Exceptions were thick deposits near open-ocean river mouths where sediment supply was abundant. Human alterations of the land surface at most of the sites provided opportunities to examine some tsunami effects that otherwise would not have been possible, including flow histories, boulder dispersion, and vegetation controls on deposit thickness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Buckley, Mark L.; Richmond, Bruce M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Gelfenbaum, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 242 IS 1-4 BP 34 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.004 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 867OZ UT WOS:000298465000003 ER PT J AU Cosca, M Stunitz, H Bourgeix, AL Lee, JP AF Cosca, Michael Stunitz, Holger Bourgeix, Anne-Lise Lee, John P. TI Ar-40* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of naturally deformed rocks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ARGON DIFFUSION; EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION; AGE-SPECTRA; WHITE MICA; GRAIN-SIZE; HISTORY; ZONE; CONSTRAINTS; TEMPERATURE; PHLOGOPITE AB The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (Ar-40*) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, similar to 15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 degrees C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas. Infrared (IR) laser (CO2) heating of individual 1.5-2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau ages of 311 +/- 2 Ma (2 sigma). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating Ar-40* loss of 0-35% in muscovite and 2-3% Ar-40* loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 ages (+/- 4-10%, 1 sigma) of deformed muscovites range from 309 +/- 13 to 264 +/- 7 Ma, consistent with 0-16% Ar-40* loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% Ar-40* loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ Ar-40/Ar-39 age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed Ar-40* loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average Ar-40* diffusion dimensions. Maximum Ar-40/Ar-39 ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of < 1% and an average effective grain radius for Ar-40* diffusion >= 700 mu m. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental Ar-40/Ar-39 ages indicating Ar-40* loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius << 100 mu m. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale Ar-40* diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for Ar-40* in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both Ar-40* retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cosca, Michael; Lee, John P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stunitz, Holger] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Bourgeix, Anne-Lise] Norbert SA, CH-1920 Martigny, Switzerland. RP Cosca, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mcosca@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 75 IS 24 BP 7759 EP 7778 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 851IK UT WOS:000297261500003 ER PT J AU Haught, DRW Meerveld, HJ AF Haught, D. R. W. Meerveld, H. J. TI Spatial variation in transient water table responses: differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hillslope hydrology; subsurface flow; preferential flow; runoff generation; transient groundwater ID LATERAL PREFERENTIAL FLOW; GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS; TOPOGRAPHIC CONTROLS; FORESTED HILLSLOPES; SUBSURFACE FLOW; STORM FLOW; PIPE-FLOW; GENERATION; RUNOFF; CATCHMENT AB To better understand storage-runoff dynamics, transient groundwater responses were examined in one of the steep watersheds in British Columbia's coastal mountains. Streamflow and piezometric data were collected for 1?year to determine the spatial and temporal relations between transient groundwater levels and discharge. Correlations between piezometer responses and lag-time analysis were used to identify and better understand runoff generation mechanisms in this watershed. Results showed a large spatial and temporal variation in transient water table dynamics and indicated that two distinct zones existed: a lower hillslope zone and an upslope zone. Each zone was characterized by very different water table responses. The upper hillslope was disconnected from the stream for the majority of time, suggesting that during most events, it does not directly contribute to streamflow. Piezometers in the lower hillslope zone showed hydrologically limited responses, suggesting rapid subsurface flow, likely through the many macropores and soil pipes. The lag time between peak streamflow and peak groundwater level decreased with increasing antecedent moisture conditions and was more variable for piezometers further away from the stream than for piezometers close to the stream. The study results indicate that a single storage-runoff model is not appropriate for this steep watershed and that a two- or three-compartment model would be more suitable. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Haught, D. R. W.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Haught, D. R. W.; Meerveld, H. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Haught, DRW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dwhealdo@usgs.gov RI van Meerveld, Ilja/C-5146-2011 OI van Meerveld, Ilja/0000-0002-7547-3270 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We would like to thank Krystal Chin, Sheena Spencer, Marieke Duineveld, and Yue-Ching Cheng for their assistance in the field and the staff of the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest for logistical support and access to the study watershed. This work was supported by a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 25 SI SI BP 3866 EP 3877 DI 10.1002/hyp.8354 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 855PW UT WOS:000297577700005 ER PT J AU Peters, NE Aulenbach, BT AF Peters, Norman E. Aulenbach, Brent T. TI Water storage at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water storage; baseflow; hydrograph recession; soil moisture content; evapotranspiration; water balance ID BASEFLOW RECESSION ANALYSIS; FORESTED CATCHMENT; HILLSLOPE SCALE; DRAINAGE BASINS; SOIL-MOISTURE; FLOW; RATES; TRANSPIRATION; SEPARATION; HYDROLOGY AB Storage is a major component of a catchment water balance particularly when the water balance components are evaluated on short time scales, that is, less than annual. We propose a method of determining the storagedischarge relation using an exponential function and daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and baseflow during the dormant season when evapotranspiration (ET) is low. The method was applied to the 22-year data series of the 0.41-ha forested Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. The relation of cumulative daily precipitation minus daily runoff and PET versus baseflow was highly significant (r2?=?0.92, p?90%) of egg retention. Beginning in the fall of 2002, systematic spawner surveys were conducted to 1) assess the severity of the adult die-offs, 2) compare spawner mortality in urban vs. non-urban streams, and 3) identify water quality and spawner condition factors that might be associated with the recurrent fish kills. The forensic investigation focused on conventional water quality parameters (e. g., dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia), fish condition, pathogen exposure and disease status, and exposures to metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and current use pesticides. Daily surveys of a representative urban stream (Longfellow Creek) from 2002-2009 revealed premature spawner mortality rates that ranged from 60-100% of each fall run. The comparable rate in a non-urban stream was,1% (Fortson Creek, surveyed in 2002). Conventional water quality, pesticide exposure, disease, and spawner condition showed no relationship to the syndrome. Coho salmon did show evidence of exposure to metals and petroleum hydrocarbons, both of which commonly originate from motor vehicles in urban landscapes. The weight of evidence suggests that freshwater-transitional coho are particularly vulnerable to an as-yet unidentified toxic contaminant (or contaminant mixture) in urban runoff. Stormwater may therefore place important constraints on efforts to conserve and recover coho populations in urban and urbanizing watersheds throughout the western United States. C1 [Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Myers, Mark S.; Labenia, Jana S.; McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Rhodes, Linda D.; Laetz, Cathy A.; Stehr, Carla M.; French, Barbara L.; Collier, Tracy K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [McCarthy, Sarah G.; Wilson, Dean] King Cty, Dept Nat Resources & Pk, Seattle, WA USA. [McMillan, Bill] Wild Fish Conservancy, Duvall, WA USA. [Reed, Laura; Lynch, Katherine D.] City Seattle, Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA USA. [Damm, Steve; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM Nathaniel.Scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region; King Conservation District FX This project received agency funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Coastal Storms Program), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Contaminants Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, and the King Conservation District. Funds were delivered via interagency agreements, so grant numbers are not applicable. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 72 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 12 AR e28013 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028013 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 866GS UT WOS:000298369100018 PM 22194802 ER PT J AU Olabarrieta, M Warner, JC Kumar, N AF Olabarrieta, Maitane Warner, John C. Kumar, Nirnimesh TI Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MODELING-SYSTEM; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; CIRCULATION MODEL; TURBULENCE MODELS; SURFACE-WAVES; COASTAL; LENGTH; INLET; FLOW; DISPERSION AB This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary. C1 [Olabarrieta, Maitane; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kumar, Nirnimesh] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Olabarrieta, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM molabarrieta@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program under the Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project FX Primary funding for this study was furnished by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, under the Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project. The authors would like to thank the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for sharing the field survey data obtained in Willapa Inlet. We are also grateful to the Career Training Interexchange program that facilitated the training period of Maitane Olabarrieta within the USGS. We would also like to thank the developers of GEBCO08 bathymetry, T_Tide, WAFO toolbox and of the SWAN and ROMS models. The authors would also like to thank Jeff List and Chris Sherwood as internal reviewers, as well as the journal reviewers for their suggestions. NR 66 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C12014 DI 10.1029/2011JC007387 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 864PR UT WOS:000298252700002 ER PT J AU Wicks, C Thelen, W Weaver, C Gomberg, J Rohay, A Bodin, P AF Wicks, Charles Thelen, Weston Weaver, Craig Gomberg, Joan Rohay, Alan Bodin, Paul TI InSAR observations of aseismic slip associated with an earthquake swarm in the Columbia River flood basalts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 7.1 HECTOR MINE; SLOW EARTHQUAKES; FAULT; DEFORMATION; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON; MIGRATION; STRESS AB In 2009 a swarm of small shallow earthquakes occurred within the basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). The swarm occurred within a dense seismic network in the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Data from the seismic network along with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency's (ESA) ENVISAT satellite provide insight into the nature of the swarm. By modeling the InSAR deformation data we constructed a model that consists of a shallow thrust fault and a near horizontal fault. We suggest that the near horizontal lying fault is a bedding-plane fault located between basalt flows. The geodetic moment of the modeled fault system is about eight times the cumulative seismic moment of the swarm. Precise location estimates of the swarm earthquakes indicate that the area of highest slip on the thrust fault, similar to 70 mm of slip less than similar to 0.5 km depth, was not located within the swarm cluster. Most of the slip on the faults appears to have progressed aseismically and we suggest that interbed sediments play a central role in the slip process. C1 [Wicks, Charles] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Thelen, Weston; Bodin, Paul] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weaver, Craig; Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rohay, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Characterizat & Risk Assessment Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wicks, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cwicks@usgs.gov FU NASA; NSF; USGS FX This manuscript greatly benefited from reviews by Fred Pollitz, Jim Savage, Mitch Pitt, Steve Reidel, and an anonymous reviewer. We thank Steve Reidel for bringing the core disking and mapped MIB detachments to our attention. ENVISAT data were provided through ESA CAT-1 proposal 2765 and the WiNSAR Consortium (sponsored by NASA, NSF, and USGS). NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B12304 DI 10.1029/2011JB008433 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 860ZJ UT WOS:000297987500004 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI The Cost of Fear SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEST-PREDATION; BIRDS; RISK; FOOD C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 9 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6061 BP 1353 EP 1354 DI 10.1126/science.1216109 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 858HW UT WOS:000297787700035 PM 22158807 ER PT J AU Chen, KH Furumura, T Rubinstein, J Rau, RJ AF Chen, Kate Huihsuan Furumura, Takashi Rubinstein, Justin Rau, Ruey-Juin TI Observations of changes in waveform character induced by the 1999 M(w)7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; RECURRENCE INTERVAL; VELOCITY CHANGES; CALAVERAS FAULT; RUPTURE ZONE; LOMA-PRIETA; HECTOR MINE; CALIFORNIA; TAIWAN AB We observe changes in the waveforms of repeating earthquakes in eastern Taiwan following the 1999 M(w)7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, while their recurrence intervals appear to be unaffected. There is a clear reduction in waveform similarity and velocity changes indicated by delayed phases at the time of the Chi-Chi event. These changes are limited to stations in and paths that cross the 70 x 100 km region surrounding the Chi-Chi source area, the area where seismic intensity and co-seismic surface displacements were largest. This suggests that damage at the near-surface is responsible for the observed waveform changes. Delays are largest in the late S-wave coda, reaching approximately 120 ms. This corresponds to a path averaged S wave velocity reduction of approximately 1%. There is also evidence that damage in the fault-zone caused changes in waveform character at sites in the footwall, where source-receiver paths propagate either along or across the rupture. The reduction in waveform similarity persists through the most recent repeating event in our study (November 15, 2007), indicating that the subsurface damage induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake did not fully heal within the first 8 years following the Chi-Chi earthquake. Citation: Chen, K. H., T. Furumura, J. Rubinstein, and R.-J. Rau (2011), Observations of changes in waveform character induced by the 1999 M(w)7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23302, doi:10.1029/2011GL049841. C1 [Chen, Kate Huihsuan] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Furumura, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Rau, Ruey-Juin] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Rubinstein, Justin] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chen, KH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88,Sec 4,Tingzhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM katepili@gmail.com OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU Taiwan NSC [99-2116-M-003-006] FX We thank Roland Burgmann, Joan Gomberg, Art McGarr, and Bill Ellsworth for comments, Doug Dreger, Kevin Mayeda, and Shu-Huei Hung for helpful discussions. This work was supported by Taiwan NSC grant 99-2116-M-003-006. Seismic data are archived at the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN) in Taiwan and Broad-band Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) operated by IES. The manuscripts benefited from critical comments from the reviewers Zhigang Peng and Yong-Gang Li. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L23302 DI 10.1029/2011GL049841 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 861EE UT WOS:000298001200002 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, TJ Irvine, KM Vierling, KT Vierling, LA AF Rodhouse, Thomas J. Irvine, Kathryn M. Vierling, Kerri T. Vierling, Lee A. TI Estimating Temporal Trend in the Presence of Spatial Complexity: A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for a Wetland Plant Population Undergoing Restoration SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGY; AUTOCORRELATION; REGRESSION; CAMASSIA AB Monitoring programs that evaluate restoration and inform adaptive management are important for addressing environmental degradation. These efforts may be well served by spatially explicit hierarchical approaches to modeling because of unavoidable spatial structure inherited from past land use patterns and other factors. We developed Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate trends from annual density counts observed in a spatially structured wetland forb (Camassia quamash [camas]) population following the cessation of grazing and mowing on the study area, and in a separate reference population of camas. The restoration site was bisected by roads and drainage ditches, resulting in distinct subpopulations ("zones") with different land use histories. We modeled this spatial structure by fitting zone-specific intercepts and slopes. We allowed spatial covariance parameters in the model to vary by zone, as in stratified kriging, accommodating anisotropy and improving computation and biological interpretation. Trend estimates provided evidence of a positive effect of passive restoration, and the strength of evidence was influenced by the amount of spatial structure in the model. Allowing trends to vary among zones and accounting for topographic heterogeneity increased precision of trend estimates. Accounting for spatial autocorrelation shifted parameter coefficients in ways that varied among zones depending on strength of statistical shrinkage, autocorrelation and topographic heterogeneity-a phenomenon not widely described. Spatially explicit estimates of trend from hierarchical models will generally be more useful to land managers than pooled regional estimates and provide more realistic assessments of uncertainty. The ability to grapple with historical contingency is an appealing benefit of this approach. C1 [Rodhouse, Thomas J.; Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM Tom_Rodhouse@nps.gov RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network; [NIH/NCRR P20RR16448]; [P20RR016454] FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service Upper Columbia Basin Network. Additional material support was provided by Nez Perce National Historical Park and Big Hole National Battlefield. Access to the University of Idaho Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) Unix computing core was made possible by grant NIH/NCRR P20RR16448 and P20RR016454 provided to IBEST (but not to the authors). Staff members of the National Park Service funding organizations provided input into the study design and data collection procedures, but did not influence analysis, decision to publish, or participate in manuscript preparation. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 6 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 12 AR e28635 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028635 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863OC UT WOS:000298173500043 PM 22163047 ER PT J AU Weber, ME Clark, PU Ricken, W Mitrovica, JX Hostetler, SW Kuhn, G AF Weber, Michael E. Clark, Peter U. Ricken, Werner Mitrovica, Jerry X. Hostetler, Steven W. Kuhn, Gerhard TI Interhemispheric Ice-Sheet Synchronicity During the Last Glacial Maximum SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA EMBAYMENT CONSTRAINTS; SOUTHEASTERN WEDDELL SEA; OCEAN CIRCULATION; DEGLACIAL HISTORY; RADIOCARBON CONSTRAINTS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; RETREAT HISTORY; VOLUME CHANGE; ROSS SEA; ANTARCTICA AB The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets. C1 [Weber, Michael E.; Ricken, Werner] Univ Cologne, Inst Geol & Mineral, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. [Hostetler, Steven W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuhn, Gerhard] Helmholtz Assoc, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Weber, ME (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geol & Mineral, Zuelpicher Str 49A, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. EM michael.weber@uni-koeln.de RI Weber, Michael/G-8707-2012; OI Kuhn, Gerhard/0000-0001-6069-7485 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WE2039/8-1, RI525/17-1, KU683/9-1, KU683/12-1]; U.S. NSF FX We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants WE2039/8-1, RI525/17-1, KU683/9-1, and KU683/12-1) and the U.S. NSF Paleoclimate Program for financial support, the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research for logistic support, J. Rethemeyer for conducting part of the AMS 14C measurements, B. Weninger for discussing the 14C data, D. Sprenk for assisting with the graphics, and A. Holzapfel for editorial work (all from Univ. of Cologne). NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 2 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6060 BP 1265 EP 1269 DI 10.1126/science.1209299 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 855HD UT WOS:000297553600047 PM 22144623 ER PT J AU Ramsey, E Rangoonwala, A Suzuoki, Y Jones, CE AF Ramsey, Elijah, III Rangoonwala, Amina Suzuoki, Yukihiro Jones, Cathleen E. TI Oil Detection in a Coastal Marsh with Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater Horizon oil spill; PolSAR and multi-polarization radar data; decomposition classification; coastal marsh; polarimetric signature analysis ID UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION; POLLUTION AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's airborne Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) was deployed in June 2010 in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. UAVSAR is a fully polarimetric L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor for obtaining data at high spatial resolutions. Starting a month prior to the UAVSAR collections, visual observations confirmed oil impacts along shorelines within northeastern Barataria Bay waters in eastern coastal Louisiana. UAVSAR data along several flight lines over Barataria Bay were collected on 23 June 2010, including the repeat flight line for which data were collected in June 2009. Our analysis of calibrated single-look complex data for these flight lines shows that structural damage of shoreline marsh accompanied by oil occurrence manifested as anomalous features not evident in pre-spill data. Freeman-Durden (FD) and Cloude-Pottier (CP) decompositions of the polarimetric data and Wishart classifications seeded with the FD and CP classes also highlighted these nearshore features as a change in dominant scattering mechanism. All decompositions and classifications also identify a class of interior marshes that reproduce the spatially extensive changes in backscatter indicated by the pre- and post-spill comparison of multi-polarization radar backscatter data. FD and CP decompositions reveal that those changes indicate a transform of dominant scatter from primarily surface or volumetric to double or even bounce. Given supportive evidence that oil-polluted waters penetrated into the interior marshes, it is reasonable that these backscatter changes correspond with oil exposure; however, multiple factors prevent unambiguous determination of whether UAVSAR detected oil in interior marshes. C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv Inc, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Jones, Cathleen E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA USA. EM ramseye@usgs.gov; rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov; yukihirosuzuoki@gmail.com; cathleen.e.jones@jpl.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 32 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2630 EP 2662 DI 10.3390/rs3122630 PG 33 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PD UT WOS:000306755300005 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. TI Remote Sensing Open Access Journal: Leading a New Paradigm in Publishing SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, USGS SW Geog Sci Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS SW Geog Sci Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2704 EP 2706 DI 10.3390/rs3122704 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978PD UT WOS:000306755300008 ER PT J AU Budd, MJ Krementz, DG AF Budd, Michael J. Krementz, David G. TI Status and Distribution of Breeding Secretive Marshbirds in the Delta of Arkansas SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CONSERVATION; WETLANDS; RAILS AB We surveyed the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas ("the Delta") during the breeding seasons of 2005 and 2006 using the national marshbird monitoring protocol for secretive marshbirds. We detected and documented breeding by Podilymbus podiceps (Pied-billed Grebe), Ixobrychus exilis (Least Bittern), Rallus elegans (King Rail), and Gallinula chloropus (Common Moorhen). We detected but did not document breeding by Botaurus lentiginosus (American Bittern), Porphyrula martinica (Purple Gallinule), and Fulica americana (American Coot), all of which have been documented to breed in the Delta. Our estimated occupancy rates for breeding marshbirds in the study area ranged from a low of 6% for the King Rail in 2006 to a high of 27% for the Least Bittern in 2005. The range of these occupancy rates are low and reflect the rarity of secretive marshbirds in the Delta. Secretive marshbird occupancy rates were higher in the southern third of the Delta, probably because wetlands were more abundant or of higher quality there. C1 [Budd, Michael J.; Krementz, David G.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Krementz@uark.edu FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; US Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Funding for this work came from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and the US Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. A. Claassen, J. Price, and S. Stake helped collect data, while L. Lewis and K. Rowe assisted with logistics. We thank all federal, state, and private landowners who allowed us to survey marshbirds on their properties. S. Lehnen assisted with the analyses. G. Huxel, R. McNew, J. Neal, and N. Winstead made comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 687 EP 702 DI 10.1656/058.010.0408 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976TI UT WOS:000306607500008 ER PT J AU Breinnger, DR Bolt, MR Legare, ML Drese, JH Stolen, ED AF Breinnger, David R. Bolt, M. Rebecca Legare, Michael L. Drese, John H. Stolen, Eric D. TI Factors Influencing Home-Range Sizes of Eastern Indigo Snakes in Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL ECOLOGY; DRYMARCHON-COUPERI; HOPLOCEPHALUS-BUNGAROIDES; HABITAT SPECIFICITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ROAD MORTALITY; CONSERVATION; MOVEMENTS; LANDSCAPES; GEORGIA AB Wide-ranging snake species are particularly sensitive to landscape fragmentation, and understanding area requirements is important for their conservation. We used radiotelemetry to quantify how Eastern Indigo Snake home-range sizes were influenced by sex, land cover, and the length of time (weeks) individuals were radio tracked. We found that Eastern Indigo Snakes had the largest home ranges among other snake species studied. Female home ranges averaged 44 and 76 ha, respectively, for kernel and minimum convex polygon estimators. Male home ranges averaged 156 and 202 ha, respectively, for kernel and minimum convex polygon estimators. Many animal species respond to habitat fragmentation by using larger areas than in unfragmented landscapes, but we found that Indigo Snakes in fragmented landscapes used much smaller areas. The length of time that snakes were tracked had almost no influence on home-range size compared to sex and land cover type. Our results suggest that maintaining populations of this large wide-ranging predator will require large conservation areas with minimum fragmentation. C1 [Breinnger, David R.; Bolt, M. Rebecca; Drese, John H.; Stolen, Eric D.] NASA, Ecol Programs, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Legare, Michael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Merritt Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, Titusville, FL 32782 USA. RP Breinnger, DR (reprint author), NASA, Ecol Programs, Mail Code IHA-300, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM david.r.breininger@nasa.gov FU The Bailey Wildlife Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The Bailey Wildlife Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funded this study. We thank G. Bailey, M. Bailey, J. Berish, P. Burger, M. Burgman, K. Gorman, C. Hall, R. Koester, L. LaClaire, P. Moler, R. Seigel, S. Brisbin, and B. Summerfield. We also thank about 60 natural resource professionals who helped us capture Indigo Snakes for radio tracking studies. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 40 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 484 EP 490 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 966YS UT WOS:000305873900016 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS Garrity, CP AF Swezey, Christopher S. Garrity, Christopher P. TI GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM CAVES AND MINES INFECTED WITH WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME (WNS) BEFORE SEPTEMBER 2009 IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF CAVE AND KARST STUDIES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; HELDERBERG GROUP; BROWN BAT; VERMONT; HIBERNATION; DRAINAGE; WATER AB Since 2006, a white fungus named Geomyces destructans has been observed on the muzzles, noses, ears, and (or) wings of bats in the eastern United States, and bat colonies that are infected with this fungus have experienced dramatic incidences of mortality. Although it is not exactly certain how and why these bats are dying, this condition has been named white-nose syndrome (WNS). WNS appears to have spread from an initial infection site at a cave that is connected to a commercial cave in New York, and by the end of August 2009 was identified in at least 74 other sites in the eastern United States. Although detailed geographical and geological data are limited, a review of the available data shows that sites infected with WNS before September 2009 include both natural caves and mines. These infected sites extend from New Hampshire to Virginia, and known site elevations range from 84 to 2693 feet above sea level. In terms of geological setting, the infected sites include sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks of ages ranging from Precambrian to Jurassic. However, by the end of August 2009, no infected sites had been identified in strata of Mississippian, Cretaceous, or Triassic age. Meteorological data are sparse, but most of the recorded air temperatures in the known WNS-infected caves and mines range from 0 to 13.9 degrees C, and humidity measurements range from 68 to 100 percent. Although it is not certain which environmental parameters are important for WNS, it is hoped that the geographical and geological information presented in this paper will inform and clarify some of the debate about WNS, lead to greater understanding of the environmental parameters associated with WNS, and highlight the paucity of scientific data from caves in the eastern United States. C1 [Swezey, Christopher S.; Garrity, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov; cgarrity@usgs.gov OI Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 266 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 33 PU NATL SPELEOLOGICAL SOC PI HUNTSVILLE PA 2813 CAVE AVE, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35810-4431 USA SN 1090-6924 J9 J CAVE KARST STUD JI J. Cave Karst Stud. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 125 EP 157 DI 10.4311/jcks2010es0162 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 941MD UT WOS:000303966400001 ER PT J AU Earman, S Dettinger, M AF Earman, Sam Dettinger, Michael TI Potential impacts of climate change on groundwater resources - a global review SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article DE climate change; evapotranspiration; groundwater; monitoring modeling; pumpage; recharge; streamflow; water quality ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; WATER; RECHARGE; AQUIFER; MODEL; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; USA AB Groundwater is a vital resource for sustaining life. Changes in the Earth's climate have the potential to affect both the quality and quantity of available groundwater, primarily through impacts on recharge, evapotranspiration and (indirectly) on pumpage and abstraction. Groundwater is a major contributor to streamflow in areas with relatively shallow water tables, so changes in groundwater systems may also impact surface-water systems. As a result, understanding how climate change could affect groundwater systems is a vital component of sound long-term management of our water supplies. However, predicting how climate change could impact groundwater systems is difficult. Part of the difficulty is rooted in uncertainties in the predictions of future climate. However, even if we were certain regarding future climate, forecasting future groundwater conditions would still be difficult because of the complex combinations of processes that affect groundwater recharge, discharge and quality. Better observations, increased understanding of processes and modeling capabilities will be needed to assess the future of this vital resource in the face of projected climate changes. C1 [Earman, Sam] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Earman, S (reprint author), Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. EM searman@millersville.edu FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater; California Energy Commission FX We appreciate comments from Jim Thomas of the Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, Sushel Unninayar of NASA Gil Zemansky of GNS, and two anonymous reviewers that led to significant improvements in the manuscript. Funding from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater and the California Energy Commission played an important role in initiating many of the considerations presented here. NR 90 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 63 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 2040-2244 J9 J WATER CLIM CHANGE JI J. Water Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.2166/wcc.2011.034 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 908BE UT WOS:000301464400001 ER PT J AU Goto, K Chague-Goff, C Fujino, S Goff, J Jaffe, B Nishimura, Y Richmond, B Sugawara, D Szczucinski, W Tappin, DR Witter, RC Yulianto, E AF Goto, Kazuhisa Chague-Goff, Catherine Fujino, Shigehiro Goff, James Jaffe, Bruce Nishimura, Yuichi Richmond, Bruce Sugawara, Daisuke Szczucinski, Witold Tappin, David R. Witter, Robert C. Yulianto, Eko TI New insights of tsunami hazard from the 2011 Tohoku-oki event SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tsunami deposits; Tohoku-oki tsunami; Japan ID DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI; DEPOSITS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; EROSION; PROXY AB We report initial results from our recent field survey documenting the inundation and resultant deposits of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami from Sendai Plain, Japan. The tsunami inundated up to 4.5 km inland but the >0.5 cm-thick sand deposit extended only 2.8 km (62% of the inundation distance). The deposit however continued as a mud layer to the inundation limit. The mud deposit contained high concentrations of water-leachable chloride and we conclude that geochemical markers and microfossil data may prove to be useful in identifying the maximum inundation limit of paleotsunamis that could extend well beyond any preserved sand layer. Our newly acquired data on the 2011 event suggest that previous estimates of paleotsunamis (e.g. 869 AD Jogan earthquake and tsunami) in this area have probably been underestimated. If the 2011 and 869 AD events are indeed comparable, the risk from these natural hazards in Japan is much greater than previously recognized. (c) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Goto, Kazuhisa] Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Goto, Kazuhisa; Sugawara, Daisuke] Tohoku Univ, Disaster Control Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Chague-Goff, Catherine; Goff, James] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Australia Pacific Tsunami Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chague-Goff, Catherine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Fujino, Shigehiro] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Jaffe, Bruce; Richmond, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Nishimura, Yuichi] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Szczucinski, Witold] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Geol, PL-61606 Poznan, Poland. [Tappin, David R.] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Witter, Robert C.] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Yulianto, Eko] Indonesian Inst Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Goto, K (reprint author), Chiba Inst Technol, Planetary Explorat Res Ctr, Chiba 2750016, Japan. EM kgoto@perc.it-chiba.ac.jp RI Szczucinski, Witold/A-3612-2008; Tappin, David/H-7010-2013; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Fujino, Shigehiro /C-8846-2014 OI Szczucinski, Witold/0000-0003-2466-2263; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Fujino, Shigehiro /0000-0003-2415-9764 NR 26 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 9 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 290 IS 1-4 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.004 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 901KH UT WOS:000300965300005 ER PT J AU Laing, KJ Hansen, JD AF Laing, Kerry J. Hansen, John D. TI Fish T cells: Recent advances through genomics SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE T cells; Th subsets; CTL; Teleost; Elasmobranch; Agnathan ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L.; GINBUNA CRUCIAN CARP; RECEPTOR-BETA-CHAIN; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; CARASSIUS-AURATUS-LANGSDORFII; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-3 AB This brief review is intended to provide a concise overview of the current literature concerning T cells, advances in identifying distinct T cell functional subsets, and in distinguishing effector cells from memory cells. We compare and contrast a wealth of recent progress made in T cell immunology of teleost, elasmobranch, and agnathan fish, to knowledge derived from mammalian T cell studies. From genome studies, fish clearly have most components associated with T cell function and we can speculate on the presence of putative T cell subsets, and the ability to detect their differentiation to form memory cells. Some recombinant proteins for T cell associated cytokines and antibodies for T cell surface receptors have been generated that will facilitate studying the functional roles of teleost T cells during immune responses. Although there is still a long way to go, major advances have occurred in recent years for investigating T cell responses, thus phenotypic and functional characterization is on the near horizon. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laing, Kerry J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008 OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325 FU US Geological Survey; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-005819] FX The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. This work was supported by base funds from the US Geological Survey and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2009-005819 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 243 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 35 IS 12 SI SI BP 1282 EP 1295 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.004 PG 14 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 896BL UT WOS:000300540300012 PM 21414347 ER PT J AU Bjerklie, DM Trombley, TJ Viger, RJ AF Bjerklie, David M. Trombley, Thomas J. Viger, Roland J. TI Simulations of Historical and Future Trends in Snowfall and Groundwater Recharge for Basins Draining to Long Island Sound SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Watershed modeling; Climate change; Groundwater recharge; Snowfall trends; Groundwater recharge trends ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; 3 MOUNTAINOUS BASINS; WATER-RESOURCES; NEW-ENGLAND; HYDROLOGIC SIMULATIONS; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION AB A regional watershed model was developed for watersheds contributing to Long Island Sound, including the Connecticut River basin. The study region covers approximately 40 900 km(2), extending from a moderate coastal climate zone in the south to a mountainous northern New England climate zone dominated by snowmelt in the north. The input data indicate that precipitation and temperature have been increasing for the last 46 years (1961-2006) across the region. Minimum temperature has increased more than maximum temperature over the same period (1961-2006). The model simulation indicates that there was an upward trend in groundwater recharge across most of the modeled region. However, trends in increasing precipitation and groundwater recharge are not significant at the 0.05 level if the drought of 1961-67 is removed from the time series. The trend in simulated snowfall is not significant across much of the region, although there is a significant downward trend in southeast Connecticut and in central Massachusetts. To simulate future trends, two input datasets, one assuming high carbon emissions and one assuming low carbon emissions, were developed from GCM forecasts. Under both of the carbon emission scenarios, simulations indicate that historical trends will continue, with increases in groundwater recharge over much of the region and substantial snowfall decreases across Massachusetts, Connecticut, southern Vermont, and southern New Hampshire. The increases in groundwater recharge and decreases in snowfall are most pronounced for the high emission scenario. C1 [Bjerklie, David M.; Trombley, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Connecticut Water Sci Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Viger, Roland J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bjerklie, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Connecticut Water Sci Ctr, 101 Pitkin St, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM dmbjerkl@usgs.gov OI Viger, Roland/0000-0003-2520-714X NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 15 AR 34 DI 10.1175/2011EI374.1 PG 35 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897AO UT WOS:000300613200001 ER PT J AU Christiansen, DE Markstrom, SL Hay, LE AF Christiansen, Daniel E. Markstrom, Steven L. Hay, Lauren E. TI Impacts of Climate Change on the Growing Season in the United States SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Growing season; Climate change; PRMS model ID HYDROLOGIC MODEL; GROWTH; TRENDS; BASIN AB Understanding the effects of climate change on the vegetative growing season is key to quantifying future hydrologic water budget conditions. The U. S. Geological Survey modeled changes in future growing season length at 14 basins across 11 states. Simulations for each basin were generated using five general circulation models with three emission scenarios as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, watershed model developed to simulate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on watershed response. PRMS was modified to include a growing season calculation in this study. The growing season was examined for trends in the total length (annual), as well as changes in the timing of onset (spring) and the end (fall) of the growing season. The results showed an increase in the annual growing season length in all 14 basins, averaging 27-47 days for the three emission scenarios. The change in the spring and fall growing season onset and end varied across the 14 basins, with larger increases in the total length of the growing season occurring in the mountainous regions and smaller increases occurring in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions. The Clear Creek basin, 1 of the 14 basins in this study, was evaluated to examine the growing season length determined by emission scenario, as compared to a growing season length fixed baseline condition. The Clear Creek basin showed substantial variation in hydrologic responses, including streamflow, as a result of growing season length determined by emission scenario. C1 [Christiansen, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Markstrom, Steven L.; Hay, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Christiansen, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, 400 S Clinton St, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM dechrist@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 15 AR 33 DI 10.1175/2011EI376.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897AL UT WOS:000300612900001 ER PT J AU Billman, EJ Rasmussen, JE Watson, J AF Billman, Eric J. Rasmussen, Josh E. Watson, Jackie TI EVALUATION OF RELEASE STRATEGIES FOR CAPTIVE-REARED JUNE SUCKER BASED ON POSTSTOCKING SURVIVAL SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID STOCK ENHANCEMENT; REFUGE POPULATION; CHASMISTES-LIORUS; UTAH LAKE; FISHES; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; CATOSTOMIDAE; PROPAGATION; RECOVERY AB The recovery program for the endangered June sticker (Chasmistes horns) relies on population augmentation to overcome recruitment deficits. Successful recruitment of artificially propagated individuals is affected by release timing, release size, and rearing techniques. We examined the effect of release timing and release size (total length [TL] and a relative condition factor [W-r]) on recruitment probability of hatchery-reared June sucker (Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Fisheries Experiment Station [FES]) and captive-reared June sucker (Red Butte Reservoir [RBR] refuge population) stocked across multiple years. Because source and year effects were confounded, we assessed the probability of recruitment individually for each major stocking event (i.e., source x year combination). Successful recruitment occurred if an individual was recaptured or detected at least once during annual spawning runs up Utah Lake tributaries. For stocking events from RBR, probability of recruitment was highest in individuals stocked during spring and early summer but decreased as summer progressed. No difference existed between spring and fall stocking events. June sucker from the FES stocked in October had lower overall probability of recruitment than those stocked in August. The relationships between recruitment probability and TL and W-r for stocking events from RBR were hump shaped, with peaks at approximately 375 mm TL and 100%, respectively. For FES individuals, a positive relationship existed between recruitment probability and TL, for individuals stocked during August only; no relationship existed between the recruitment probability and W-r. Release timing and release size affected the recruitment success of captive-reared June sucker; therefore, recovery plans should incorporate these factors in augmentation efforts to maximize augmentation efficiency and success. C1 [Billman, Eric J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rasmussen, Josh E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Fish & Wildlife Off, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Watson, Jackie] Cent Reg Off, Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Springville, UT 84663 USA. RP Billman, EJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ericbillman@gmail.com RI huo, hongyao/D-1510-2012 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2011 VL 71 IS 4 BP 481 EP 489 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 895TZ UT WOS:000300520600005 ER PT J AU Perry, G Bertoluci, J Bury, RB Hansen, RW Jehle, R Measey, J Moon, BR Muths, E Zuffi, MAL AF Perry, Gad Bertoluci, Jaime Bury, R. Bruce Hansen, Robert W. Jehle, Robert Measey, John Moon, Brad R. Muths, Erin Zuffi, Marco A. L. TI THE "PEER" IN "PEER REVIEW" SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GOLDEN-RULE C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Bertoluci, Jaime] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Bury, R. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jehle, Robert] Univ Salford, Manchester, England. [Measey, John] Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Moon, Brad R.] Univ Louisiana, Lafayette, LA USA. [Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Zuffi, Marco A. L.] Univ Pisa, Museum Nat Hist, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM gad.perry@ttu.edu RI Bertoluci, Jaime/C-2824-2012; Measey, G John/F-2028-2010; Zuffi, Marco/J-6974-2013 OI Measey, G John/0000-0001-9939-7615; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 BP I EP II PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UO UT WOS:000300382200001 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Cole, RA Reinitz, DM Kleeman, PM AF Fellers, Gary M. Cole, Rebecca A. Reinitz, David M. Kleeman, Patrick M. TI AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS (BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS) IN COASTAL AND MONTANE CALIFORNIA, USA ANURANS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian chytrid; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bufo; California; Pseudacris regilla; Rana; Sierra Nevada ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; POPULATION DECLINES; YOSEMITE TOADS; SIERRA-NEVADA; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; CONSERVATION; PATHOGEN; EXTINCTIONS; PRIORITIES AB We found amphibian chytrid fungus (Bd = Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) to be widespread within a coastal watershed at Point Reyes National Seashore, California and within two high elevation watersheds at Yosemite National Park, California. Bd was associated with all six species that we sampled (Bufo boreas, B. canorus, Pseudacris regilla, Rana draytonii, R. sierrae, and Lithobates catesbeianus). For those species sampled at 10 or more sites within a watershed, the percentage of Bd-positive sites varied from a low of 20.7% for P. regilla at one Yosemite watershed to a high of 79.6% for P. regilla at the Olema watershed at Point Reyes. At Olema, the percent of Bd-positive water bodies declined each year of our study (2005-2007). Because P. regilla was the only species found in all watersheds, we used that species to evaluate habitat variables related to the sites where P. regilla was Bd-positive. At Olema, significant variables were year, length of shoreline (perimeter), percentage cover of rooted vegetation, and water depth. At the two Yosemite watersheds, water depth, water temperature, and silt/mud were the most important covariates, though the importance of these three factors differed between the two watersheds. The presence of Bd in species that are not declining suggests that some of the amphibians in our study were innately resistant to Bd, or had developed resistance after Bd became established. C1 [Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Cole, Rebecca A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Reinitz, David M.] Univ Wisconsin Biotron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank Michael Osbourn, Tom Kirk, Jennifer Dhundale, Suzanne Ehret, Amy Cunkelman, David Dimitrie, Heyo Tjarks, and Nick Earley for assistance with collection of chytrid swabs in the field. Donna Boyle and Alex Hyatt kindly provided Bd DNA for preparation of genome equivalents. Bill Perry provided assistance with the spatial analysis. Lara Rachowicz provided helpful discussion during the design of the project. Michael Adams, Joan Fellers, and Joyce Longcore provided many useful comments on the manuscript. Point Reyes National Seashore and Yosemite National Park provided logistical support. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Park Service provided research permits for this project (permit numbers TE844852-2, SC-00816, YOSE-2005-SCI-0013, YOSE-2006-SCI-0039, and YOSE-2001-SCI-0003). This work was funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and was facilitated by Lianne Ball. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 392 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 BP 383 EP 394 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893UO UT WOS:000300382200007 ER PT J AU Herr, CA Sykes, PW Klicka, J AF Herr, Connie A. Sykes, Paul W., Jr. Klicka, John TI Phylogeography of a vanishing North American songbird: the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Passerina ciris; Painted Bunting; Phylogeography; ND2; Conservation genetics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; GENETICS; DIVERGENCE; MIGRATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POLYMORPHISM; PERSPECTIVE AB The breeding distribution of Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris) is comprised of two allopatric populations separated by a 550-km distributional gap in the southeastern United States. Curiously, the boundary between the two recognized P. ciris subspecies does not separate the two allopatric breeding populations but instead runs roughly through the center of the interior population. Genetic relationships among these subspecies, and the allopatric breeding populations of Painted Bunting, have not been assessed. Given the recent decline in overall abundance of this species, such an assessment is warranted. We sampled birds from 15 localities (138 individuals) and identified 35 distinct haplotypes, six belonging to the Atlantic Coast population and 26 to the interior population, with three shared by both populations. AMOVA results showed that a significantly greater portion of the total genetic variance is explained when grouping birds by the interior and Atlantic Coast populations rather than by subspecies. Furthermore, our data indicate that the Atlantic Coast and interior populations represent independently evolving taxa, with no measureable gene flow between them. Although recently diverged (26,000-115,000 years ago), these isolated bunting populations represent incipient species. For development of conservation strategies, we suggest that the Atlantic Coast and interior populations be recognized as separate management units. C1 [Herr, Connie A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Herr, Connie A.; Klicka, John] Univ Nevada, Marjorie Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sykes, Paul W., Jr.] Univ Georgia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Herr, CA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM cherr@unlv.nevada.edu FU Barrick Museum of Natural History; Graduate & Professional Student Association of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Barrick Museum of Natural History and the Graduate & Professional Student Association of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. We are grateful to Jeremy Batten and Kyle Kacy for field assistance. The authors thank Mercedes Foster, Stacy Mantooth, and Brian Smith for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1410 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0237-6 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 889SG UT WOS:000300092900001 ER PT J AU Drinan, DP Kalinowski, ST Vu, NV Shepard, BB Muhlfeld, CC Campbell, MR AF Drinan, Daniel P. Kalinowski, Steven T. Vu, Ninh V. Shepard, Bradley B. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Campbell, Matthew R. TI Genetic variation in westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi: implications for conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Westslope cutthroat trout; Population structure; Microsatellites; Conservation; Genetics ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NULL ALLELES; SNAKE RIVER; HYBRIDIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY; DISTANCES; IDAHO; DIFFERENTIATION; RAREFACTION; SALMON AB Twenty-five populations of westslope cutthroat trout from throughout their native range were genotyped at 20 microsatellite loci to describe the genetic structure of westslope cutthroat trout. The most genetic diversity (heterozygosity, allelic richness, and private alleles) existed in populations from the Snake River drainage, while populations from the Missouri River drainage had the least. Neighbor-joining trees grouped populations according to major river drainages. A great amount of genetic differentiation was present among and within all drainages. Based on Nei's D-S, populations in the Snake River were the most differentiated, while populations in the Missouri River were the least. This pattern of differentiation is consistent with a history of sequential founding events through which westslope cutthroat trout may have experienced a genetic bottleneck as they colonized each river basin from the Snake to the Clark Fork to the Missouri river. These data should serve as a starting point for a discussion on management units and possible distinct population segments. Given the current threats to the persistence of westslope cutthroat trout, and the substantial genetic differentiation between populations, these topics warrant attention. C1 [Drinan, Daniel P.; Shepard, Bradley B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kalinowski, Steven T.; Vu, Ninh V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Campbell, Matthew R.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. RP Drinan, DP (reprint author), 1122 NE Boat St,POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM ddrinan@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456] FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation grant DEB 0717456. Thanks to Robb Leary, Paul Spruell, and Jim Mogen for samples. Thanks to Matt Boyer and two anonymous reviewers. Their suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1523 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0249-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 889SG UT WOS:000300092900010 ER PT J AU Pittman, SE King, TL Faurby, S Dorcas, ME AF Pittman, Shannon E. King, Timothy L. Faurby, Soren Dorcas, Michael E. TI Demographic and genetic status of an isolated population of bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii): implications for managing small populations of long-lived animals SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Wetland management; Conservation; Bog turtle; Genetics; Inbreeding; Isolation ID MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CLEMMYS-MUHLENBERGII; MARKED ANIMALS; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; DECLINE; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY AB In this study, we sought to determine the population stability and genetic diversity of one isolated population of the federally-threatened bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) in North Carolina. Using capture-recapture data, we estimated adult survival and population growth rate from 1992 to 2007. We found that the population decreased from an estimated 36 adult turtles in 1994 to approximately 11 adult turtles in 2007. We found a constant adult survival of 0.893 (SE = 0.018, 95% confidence interval, 0.853-0.924) between 1992 and 2007. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we compared the genetic status of this population with five other bog turtle populations. The target population displayed allelic richness (4.8 +/- 0.5) and observed heterozygosity (0.619 +/- 0.064) within the range of the other bog turtle populations. Coalescent analysis of population growth rate, effective population size, and timing of population structuring event also indicated the genetics of the target population were comparable to the other populations studied. Estimates of effective population size were a proportion of the census size in all populations except the target population, in which the effective population size was larger than the census size (30 turtles vs. 11 turtles). We attribute the high genetic diversity in the target population to the presence of multiple generations of old turtles. This study illustrates that the demographic status of populations of long-lived species may not be reflected genetically if a decline occurred recently. Consequently, the genetic integrity of populations of long-lived animals experiencing rapid demographic bottlenecks may be preserved through conservation efforts effective in addressing demographic problems. C1 [Pittman, Shannon E.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pittman, Shannon E.; Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Faurby, Soren] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pittman, SE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 212 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sepqp8@mail.missouri.edu OI Faurby, Soren/0000-0002-2974-2628 FU North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission; The Catawba Lands Conservancy; The US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation [DEB-0347326]; Department of Biology at Davidson College; USGS; USGS-Leetown Science Center's Aquatic Ecology Branch FX For their assistance in the field, we thank: J. Beane, J. Dorcas, T. Dorcas, Z. Dorcas, G. Connette, A. Hamilton, L. A. Harden, A. Jendrek, C. Kiss, A. Martens, A. Mercadante, D. Pittman, S. Price, T. Thorp, G. Graeter, J. Humphries, J. Marcus, and S. Wilson. For their assistance with data analysis and presentation, we thank J. D. Willson, B. Todd, and S. Price. For comments on the manuscript, we thank R. Semlitsch, T. Luhring, W. Peterman, and G. Connette. We also thank J. Green for his assistance in the field, expert advice, and help in acquiring historical data. We thank D. Herman for detailed datasheets, advice, and support of the project. Thanks to G. Graeter and L. Williams for field equipment, advice, and support. Also, thanks to A. Somers for her advice, support, and help acquiring historical data. For financial support, we thank the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, The Catawba Lands Conservancy (S. Wilson), The US Fish and Wildlife Service (L. Fogo), a National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0347326) to MED, and the Department of Biology at Davidson College. We would also like to thank The USGS State Partnership Program and the USGS-Leetown Science Center's Aquatic Ecology Branch for providing partial funding support for this research and M. Eackles (USGS-Leetown Science Center) for performing the molecular genetic analyses. This research was conducted under permits issued by the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission and was approved by the Davidson College Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1601 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0257-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 889SG UT WOS:000300092900016 ER PT J AU Kertson, BN Spencer, RD Marzluff, JM Hepinstall-Cymerman, J Grue, CE AF Kertson, Brian N. Spencer, Rocky D. Marzluff, John M. Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeff Grue, Christian E. TI Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cougar; interaction; Puma concolor; resource utilization functions (RUF); space use; Washington State; USA; wildland-urban interface ID GPS COLLAR PERFORMANCE; BLACK-TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAIN LIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT USE; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SPATIAL ECOLOGY AB The wildland-urban interface lies at the confluence of human-dominated and wild landscapes, creating a number of management and conservation challenges. Because wildlife ecology, behavior, and evolution at this interface are shaped by both natural and human phenomena, this requires greater understanding of how diverse factors affect ecosystem and population processes. We illustrate the challenge of understanding and managing a frequent and often undesired inhabitant of the wildland-urban landscape, the cougar (Puma concolor). In wildland and residential areas of western Washington State, USA, we captured and radiotracked 27 cougars to model space use and understand the role of landscape features in interactions (sightings, encounters, and depredations) between cougars and humans. Resource utilization functions (RUFs) identified cougar use of areas with features that were probably attractive to prey, influential on prey vulnerability, and associated with limited or no residential development. Early-successional forest (+), conifer forest (+), distance to road ( ), residential density ( ), and elevation ( ) were significant positive and negative predictors of use for the population, whereas use of other landscape features was highly variable. Space use and movement rates in wildland and residential areas were similar because cougars used wildland-like forest patches, reserves, and corridors in residential portions of their home range. The population RUF was a good predictor of confirmed cougar interactions, with 72% of confirmed reports occurring in the 50% of the landscape predicted to be medium-high and high cougar use areas. We believe that there is a threshold residential density at which the level of development modifies the habitat but maintains enough wildland characteristics to encourage moderate levels of cougar use and maximize the probability of interaction. Wildlife managers trying to reduce interactions between cougars and people should incorporate information on spatial ecology and landscape characteristics to identify areas with the highest overlap of human and cougar use to focus management, education, and landscape planning. Resource utilization functions provide a proactive tool to guide these activities for improved coexistence with wildlife using both wildland and residential portions of the landscape. C1 [Kertson, Brian N.; Marzluff, John M.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Spencer, Rocky D.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeff] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kertson, BN (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 16018 Mill Creek Blvd, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. EM brian.kertson@dfw.wa.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Washington FX We thank B. Richards, M. White, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Detachment 10 personnel for invaluable field assistance, J. Millspaugh for guidance on use of the Plug-In bandwidth estimator, and B. Maletzke, R. Beausoleil, and G. Koehler for input on all aspects of our investigation. We also thank the Washington Department of Natural Resources, King County Parks, Seattle Public Utilities, Tacoma Water, Hancock Forest Management, Fruit Growers Supply, and countless private landowners for graciously providing access to their lands. Reviews by H. Robinson, P. Beier, S. Riley, and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Funding and logistical support were provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the University of Washington. Mention of trade names or suppliers does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 110 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 15 U2 180 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2866 EP 2881 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300003 ER PT J AU Monson, DH Doak, DF Ballachey, BE Bodkin, JL AF Monson, Daniel H. Doak, Daniel F. Ballachey, Brenda E. Bodkin, James L. TI Could residual oil from the Exxon Valdez spill create a long-term population "sink" for sea otters in Alaska? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AIC; ecological risk assessment; Enhydra lutris; oil spills; Prince William Sound; Alaska; USA; sea otter; source-sink models ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; WINTER SURVIVAL; KODIAK ISLAND; PERSISTENCE; RECOVERY; BEACHES; CONTAMINATION AB Over 20 years ago, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled 42 million L of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. At the time of the spill, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population inhabiting the spill area suffered substantial acute injuries and loss. Subsequent research has resulted in one of the best-studied species responses to an oil spill in history. However, the question remains: Is the spill still influencing the Prince William Sound sea otter population? Here we fit time-varying population models to data for the sea otter population of western Prince William Sound to quantify the duration and extent of mortality effects from the spill. We hypothesize that the patchy nature of residual oil left in the environment has created a source-sink population dynamic. We fit models using the age distributions of both living and dying animals and estimates of sea otter population size to predict the number of sea otters in the hypothesized sink population and the number lost to this sink due to chronic exposure to residual oil. Our results suggest that the sink population has remained at just over 900 individuals (95% CI: 606-960) between 1990 and 2009, during which time prime-age survival remained 2-6% below pre-spill levels. This reduced survival led to chronic losses of; 900 animals over the past two decades, which is similar in magnitude to the number of sea otter deaths documented in western Prince William Sound during the acute phase of the spill. However, the unaffected source population appears to be counterbalancing these losses, with the model indicating that the sea otter population increased from; 2150 individuals in 1990 to nearly 3000 in 2009. The most optimistic interpretation of our results suggests that mortality effects dissipated between 2005 and 2007. Our results suggest that residual oil can affect wildlife populations on time scales much longer than previously believed and that cumulative chronic effects can be as significant as acute effects. Further, source-sink population dynamics can explain the slow recovery observed in the spill-affected western Prince William Sound sea otter population and are consistent with available data. C1 [Monson, Daniel H.; Ballachey, Brenda E.; Bodkin, James L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Monson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dmonson@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX This research was supported primarily by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. government. Carcasses collections were conducted by walking countless miles of beach each spring beginning in the 1970s under the direction of Ancel Johnson (USFWS, retired). Follow-up collections began in the spring of 1990 following the EVOS; many people assisted in these efforts including D. Bruden, H. Coletti, T. Dean, J. DeGroot, J. de la Bruere, A. Doroff, G. Esslinger, M. Fedorko, C. Gorbics, K. Kloecker, K. Modla, K. Millstein, and C. Robbins, among others. We thank P. Kearney for safely piloting many hundreds of hours over nearly 20 years of flying sea otter surveys. We also thank M. Udevitz, J. Bromaghin, T. Tinker, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable reviews. NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2917 EP 2932 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300007 ER PT J AU Ebinger, M Cross, P Wallen, R White, PJ Treanor, J AF Ebinger, Mike Cross, Paul Wallen, Rick White, P. J. Treanor, John TI Simulating sterilization, vaccination, and test-and-remove as brucellosis control measures in bison SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bison; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; herd immunity; sterilization; superspreading; vaccination; Yellowstone ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; FREE-RANGING ELK; IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE VACCINE; WILDLIFE; ECOSYSTEM; RISK; CONTRACEPTION; TRANSMISSION AB Brucella abortus, the causative agent of bovine brucellosis, infects wildlife, cattle, and humans worldwide, but management of the disease is often hindered by the logistics of controlling its prevalence in wildlife reservoirs. We used an individually based epidemiological model to assess the relative efficacies of three management interventions (sterilization, vaccination, and test-and-remove). The model was parameterized with demographic and epidemiological data from bison in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Sterilization and test-and-remove were most successful at reducing seroprevalence when they were targeted at young seropositive animals, which are the most likely age and sex category to be infectious. However, these approaches also required the most effort to implement. Vaccination was less effective (even with a perfect vaccine) but also required less effort to implement. For the treatment efforts we explored (50-100 individuals per year or 2.5-5% of the female population), sterilization had little impact upon the bison population growth rate when selectively applied. The population growth rate usually increased by year 25 due to the reduced number of Brucella-induced abortions. Initial declines in seroprevalence followed by rapid increases (>= 15% increase in 5 years) occurred in 3-13% of simulations with sterilization and test-and-remove, but not vaccination. We believe this is due to the interaction of superspreading events and the loss of herd immunity in the later stages of control efforts as disease prevalence declines. Sterilization provided a mechanism for achieving large disease reductions while simultaneously limiting population growth, which may be advantageous in some management scenarios. However, the field effort required to find the small segment of the population that is infectious rather than susceptible or recovered will likely limit the utility of this approach in many free-ranging wildlife populations. Nevertheless, we encourage scientists and policy makers to consider sterilization as part of a suite of available brucellosis management tools. C1 [Ebinger, Mike] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Cross, Paul] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wallen, Rick; White, P. J.; Treanor, John] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Ebinger, M (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM mrebinger@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. National Park Service; National Science Foundation-National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129] FX We thank J. Powers, National Park Service, for information regarding fertility control products. J. Cunningham, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, graciously provided vital rates and stable age distribution information for model development. E. Almberg, A. Brennan, T. Creech, J. Jones, K. Manlove, and R. Plowright provided valuable feedback during the entire process. E. Cole and M. Conner provided useful comments on earlier drafts, and several anonymous reviewers provided excellent comments that greatly improved the final manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. National Park Service, and the National Science Foundation-National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease program (DEB-1067129) and facilitated by the Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit at the University of Montana and the Big Sky Institute at Montana State University. The views and opinions in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any views, determinations, or policies of the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2944 EP 2959 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300009 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Hobbelen, PHF DeCastro, F Ahumada, JA Lapointe, DA Atkinson, CT Woodworth, BL Hart, PJ Duffy, DC AF Samuel, Michael D. Hobbelen, Peter H. F. DeCastro, Francisco Ahumada, Jorge A. Lapointe, Dennis A. Atkinson, Carter T. Woodworth, Bethany L. Hart, Patrick J. Duffy, David C. TI The dynamics, transmission, and population impacts of avian malaria in native Hawaiian birds: a modeling approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate; Culex quinquefasciatus; Hemignathus virens; Himatione sanguinea; mosquitoes; Plasmodium relictum; rainfall; SIR model; temperature; Vestiaria coccinea; wildlife disease; Zosterops japonicus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; APAPANE HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; HUMAN HEALTH; LAND-USE; WILDLIFE; AMAKIHI AB We developed an epidemiological model of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) across an altitudinal gradient on the island of Hawaii that includes the dynamics of the host, vector, and parasite. This introduced mosquito-borne disease is hypothesized to have contributed to extinctions and major shifts in the altitudinal distribution of highly susceptible native forest birds. Our goal was to better understand how biotic and abiotic factors influence the intensity of malaria transmission and impact on susceptible populations of native Hawaiian forest birds. Our model illustrates key patterns in the malaria-forest bird system: high malaria transmission in low-elevation forests with minor seasonal or annual variation in infection; episodic transmission in mid-elevation forests with site-to-site, seasonal, and annual variation depending on mosquito dynamics; and disease refugia in high-elevation forests with only slight risk of infection during summer. These infection patterns are driven by temperature and rainfall effects on parasite incubation period and mosquito dynamics across an elevational gradient and the availability of larval habitat, especially in mid-elevation forests. The results from our model suggest that disease is likely a key factor in causing population decline or restricting the distribution of many susceptible Hawaiian species and preventing the recovery of other vulnerable species. The model also provides a framework for the evaluation of factors influencing disease transmission and alternative disease control programs, and to evaluate the impact of climate change on disease cycles and bird populations. C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hobbelen, Peter H. F.; DeCastro, Francisco] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ahumada, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lapointe, Dennis A.; Atkinson, Carter T.; Woodworth, Bethany L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Hart, Patrick J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Duffy, David C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011; de Castro, Francisco/G-2213-2011; OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813; LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU The U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Invasive Species Programs; NSF [DEB 0083944] FX The U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife and Invasive Species Programs and NSF biocomplexity grant DEB 0083944 provided financial support. N. Vakharia and M. Martinez provided assistance with the analysis and mapping of climate data. We thank the many technicians and interns who contributed to the field and laboratory components of this project. We thank E. Osnas, M. Thomas, and several anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2960 EP 2973 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300010 ER PT J AU Strecker, AL Olden, JD Whittier, JB Paukert, CP AF Strecker, Angela L. Olden, Julian D. Whittier, Joanna B. Paukert, Craig P. TI Defining conservation priorities for freshwater fishes according to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic stressors; desert rivers; endangered species; Lower Colorado River Basin; restoration; systematic conservation planning ID COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION RISK; CHANGING WORLD; DESERT FISHES; CHALLENGES; MODELS; AREAS; GAP AB To date, the predominant use of systematic conservation planning has been to evaluate and conserve areas of high terrestrial biodiversity. Although studies in freshwater ecosystems have received recent attention, research has rarely considered the potential trade-offs between protecting different dimensions of biodiversity and the ecological processes that maintain diversity. We provide the first systematic prioritization for freshwaters (focusing on the highly threatened and globally distinct fish fauna of the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA) simultaneously considering scenarios of: taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity; contemporary threats to biodiversity (including interactions with nonnative species); and future climate change and human population growth. There was 75% congruence between areas of highest conservation priority for different aspects of biodiversity, suggesting that conservation efforts can concurrently achieve strong complementarity among all types of diversity. However, sizable fractions of the landscape were incongruent across conservation priorities for different diversity scenarios, underscoring the importance of considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity and highlighting catchments that contribute disproportionately to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in the region. Regions of projected human population growth were not concordant with conservation priorities; however, higher human population abundance will likely have indirect effects on native biodiversity by increasing demand for water. This will come in direct conflict with projected reductions in precipitation and warmer temperatures, which have substantial overlap with regions of high contemporary diversity. Native and endemic fishes in arid ecosystems are critically endangered by both current and future threats, but our results highlight the use of systematic conservation planning for the optimal allocation of limited resources that incorporates multiple and complementary conservation values describing taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. C1 [Strecker, Angela L.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Strecker, AL (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM strecker@pdx.edu RI Strecker, Angela/E-9430-2016; OI Strecker, Angela/0000-0001-9387-1654; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU USGS; Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank P. Angermeier, D. Magoulick, H. Kujala, D. Lawrence, T. Pool, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. Funding was provided by the USGS Status and Trends Program and the USGS National Gap Analysis Program. We thank the Desert Fish Habitat Partnership for input and comments on this research. The use of trade, product, industry names or products does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government, the U.S. Geological Survey, or other sponsoring or participating agencies. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, the University of Missouri, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 64 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 88 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3002 EP 3013 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300013 ER PT J AU Marschall, EA Mather, ME Parrish, DL Allison, GW McMenemy, JR AF Marschall, Elizabeth A. Mather, Martha E. Parrish, Donna L. Allison, Gary W. McMenemy, James R. TI Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Connecticut River; USA; current speed; dams; migration; migration barriers; migration delay; movement barriers; river temperature; Salmo salar; smolts ID ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; SALAR SMOLTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; ANADROMOUS FISH; PACIFIC SALMON; AMERICAN SHAD; TRUTTA L.; SEA-TROUT AB Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures; as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them. C1 [Marschall, Elizabeth A.; Allison, Gary W.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 312,Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resou, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [McMenemy, James R.] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Springfield, VT 05156 USA. RP Marschall, EA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM marschall.2@osu.edu RI Marschall, Elizabeth/A-1608-2014 OI Marschall, Elizabeth/0000-0002-8026-4203 FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Inter-Jurisdictional Funds. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is an association among the Department of Natural Resources Conservation at the University of Massachusetts, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of brand names does not confer endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 16 U2 117 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3014 EP 3031 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300014 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Fenn, ME Goodale, CL Geiser, LH Driscoll, CT Allen, EB Baron, JS Bobbink, R Bowman, WD Clark, CM Emmett, B Gilliam, FS Greaver, TL Hall, SJ Lilleskov, EA Liu, LL Lynch, JA Nadelhoffer, KJ Perakis, SS Robin-Abbott, MJ Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC Dennis, RL AF Pardo, Linda H. Fenn, Mark E. Goodale, Christine L. Geiser, Linda H. Driscoll, Charles T. Allen, Edith B. Baron, Jill S. Bobbink, Roland Bowman, William D. Clark, Christopher M. Emmett, Bridget Gilliam, Frank S. Greaver, Tara L. Hall, Sharon J. Lilleskov, Erik A. Liu, Lingli Lynch, Jason A. Nadelhoffer, Knute J. Perakis, Steven S. Robin-Abbott, Molly J. Stoddard, John L. Weathers, Kathleen C. Dennis, Robin L. TI Effects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; atmospheric N deposition; biodiversity; community shifts; natural resource protection; nitrate leaching; nitrogen saturation; plant nitrogen cycling; vegetation type conversion ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; CHRONIC N FERTILIZATION; CRITICAL ACID LOADS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ALPINE LAKES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HERBACEOUS LAYER; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS AB Human activity in the last century has led to a significant increase in nitrogen (N) emissions and atmospheric deposition. This N deposition has reached a level that has caused or is likely to cause alterations to the structure and function of many ecosystems across the United States. One approach for quantifying the deposition of pollution that would be harmful to ecosystems is the determination of critical loads. A critical load is defined as the input of a pollutant below which no detrimental ecological effects occur over the long-term according to present knowledge. The objectives of this project were to synthesize current research relating atmospheric N deposition to effects on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in the United States, and to estimate associated empirical N critical loads. The receptors considered included freshwater diatoms, mycorrhizal fungi, lichens, bryophytes, herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees. Ecosystem impacts included: (1) biogeochemical responses and (2) individual species, population, and community responses. Biogeochemical responses included increased N mineralization and nitrification (and N availability for plant and microbial uptake), increased gaseous N losses (ammonia volatilization, nitric and nitrous oxide from nitrification and denitrification), and increased N leaching. Individual species, population, and community responses included increased tissue N, physiological and nutrient imbalances, increased growth, altered root : shoot ratios, increased susceptibility to secondary stresses, altered fire regime, shifts in competitive interactions and community composition, changes in species richness and other measures of biodiversity, and increases in invasive species. The range of critical loads for nutrient N reported for U.S. ecoregions, inland surface waters, and freshwater wetlands is 1-39 kg N-ha(-1).yr(-1), spanning the range of N deposition observed over most of the country. The empirical critical loads for N tend to increase in the following sequence for different life forms: diatoms, lichens and bryophytes, mycorrhizal fungi, herbaceous plants and shrubs, and trees. The critical load approach is an ecosystem assessment tool with great potential to simplify complex scientific information and communicate effectively with the policy community and the public. This synthesis represents the first comprehensive assessment of empirical critical loads of N for major ecoregions across the United States. C1 [Pardo, Linda H.; Robin-Abbott, Molly J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Geiser, Linda H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bobbink, Roland] B WARE Res Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bowman, William D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clark, Christopher M.; Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Emmett, Bridget] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Gilliam, Frank S.] Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Greaver, Tara L.; Liu, Lingli; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hall, Sharon J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Nadelhoffer, Knute J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stoddard, John L.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us RI Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Hall, Sharon/K-7893-2012; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130; Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU US-EPA Clean Air Markets Division [DW-12-92196101]; USDA; UCR Center for Conservation Biology; NSF [DEB 04-21530] FX This project was funded, in part, by the US-EPA Clean Air Markets Division, DW-12-92196101. Initial work on this project was funded by the USDA Forest Service Air Resource Management Program. Funding was provided by the UCR Center for Conservation Biology and NSF grant DEB 04-21530. We thank Amanda Elliot Lindsey and Robert Johnson for their assistance in creating deposition and critical loads maps. We thank Sabine Braun, Doug Burns, and Jim Sickman for their reviews of an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank Sabine Braun for the concept for Fig. 8. We appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 175 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 15 U2 272 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3049 EP 3082 PG 34 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300016 ER PT J AU Riseng, CM Wiley, MJ Black, RW Munn, MD AF Riseng, C. M. Wiley, M. J. Black, R. W. Munn, M. D. TI Impacts of agricultural land use on biological integrity: a causal analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; causal analysis; invertebrate community; land use; structural equation modeling; water quality ID STREAM WATER-QUALITY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; GEOGRAPHIC SCALES; HABITAT QUALITY; RIPARIAN ZONES AB Agricultural land use has often been linked to nutrient enrichment, habitat degradation, hydrologic alteration, and loss of biotic integrity in streams. The U. S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program sampled 226 stream sites located in eight agriculture-dominated study units across the United States to investigate the geographic variability and causes of agricultural impacts on stream biotic integrity. In this analysis we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to develop a national and set of regional causal models linking agricultural land use to measured instream conditions. We then examined the direct, indirect, and total effects of agriculture on biotic integrity as it acted through multiple water quality and habitat pathways. In our nation-wide model, cropland affected benthic communities by both altering structural habitats and by imposing water quality-related stresses. Region-specific modeling demonstrated that geographic context altered the relative importance of causal pathways through which agricultural activities affected stream biotic integrity. Cropland had strong negative total effects on the invertebrate community in the national, Midwest, and Western models, but a very weak effect in the Eastern Coastal Plain model. In the Western Arid and Eastern Coastal Plain study regions, cropland impacts were transmitted primarily through dissolved water quality contaminants, but in the Midwestern region, they were transmitted primarily through particulate components of water quality. Habitat effects were important in the Western Arid model, but negligible in the Midwest and Eastern Coastal Plain models. The relative effects of riparian forested wetlands also varied regionally, having positive effects on biotic integrity in the Eastern Coastal Plain and Western Arid region models, but no statistically significant effect in the Midwest. These differences in response to cropland and riparian cover suggest that best management practices and planning for the mitigation of agricultural land use impacts on stream ecosystems should be regionally focused. C1 [Riseng, C. M.; Wiley, M. J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Black, R. W.; Munn, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Riseng, CM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM criseng@umich.edu RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012 FU U.S. Geological Survey; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan [07WRAG0008] FX We thank the many USGS scientists and technicians who were involved in the collection, assembly, and analysis of these data as part of this U.S. Geological Survey NAWQA study. Our special thanks also to I. Waite, R. J. Stevenson, R. Pillsbury, and M. Baker for their input during the preparation of this paper. We appreciate several reviewers for constructive comments that much improved the manuscript. The work reported here was supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan (M. J. Wiley, principal investigator; 07WRAG0008). NR 104 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3128 EP 3146 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 877GU UT WOS:000299166300020 ER PT J AU Martin, J Royle, JA Mackenzie, DI Edwards, HH Kery, M Gardner, B AF Martin, Julien Royle, J. Andrew Mackenzie, Darryl I. Edwards, Holly H. Kery, Marc Gardner, Beth TI Accounting for non-independent detection when estimating abundance of organisms with a Bayesian approach SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE beta-binomial distribution; binomial mixture; correlated Bernoulli outcomes; correlated behaviour; manatees; truncated Poisson distribution ID DETECTION PROBABILITY; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; MIXTURE-MODELS; WINBUGS; COUNTS AB 1. Binomial mixture models use repeated count data to estimate abundance. They are becoming increasingly popular because they provide a simple and cost-effective way to account for imperfect detection. However, these models assume that individuals are detected independently of each other. This assumption may often be violated in the field. For instance, manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) may surface in turbid water (i.e. become available for detection during aerial surveys) in a correlated manner (i.e. in groups). However, correlated behaviour, affecting the non-independence of individual detections, may also be relevant in other systems (e.g. correlated patterns of singing in birds and amphibians). 2. We extend binomial mixture models to account for correlated behaviour and therefore to account for non-independent detection of individuals. We simulated correlated behaviour using beta-binomial random variables. Our approach can be used to simultaneously estimate abundance, detection probability and a correlation parameter. 3. Fitting binomial mixture models to data that followed a beta-binomial distribution resulted in an overestimation of abundance even for moderate levels of correlation. In contrast, the beta-binomial mixture model performed considerably better in our simulation scenarios. We also present a goodness-of-fit procedure to evaluate the fit of beta-binomial mixture models. 4. We illustrate our approach by fitting both binomial and beta-binomial mixture models to aerial survey data of manatees in Florida. We found that the binomial mixture model did not fit the data, whereas there was no evidence of lack of fit for the beta-binomial mixture model. This example helps illustrate the importance of using simulations and assessing goodness-of-fit when analysing ecological data with N-mixture models. Indeed, both the simulations and the goodness-of-fit procedure highlighted the limitations of the standard binomial mixture model for aerial manatee surveys. 5. Overestimation of abundance by binomial mixture models owing to non-independent detections is problematic for ecological studies, but also for conservation. For example, in the case of endangered species, it could lead to inappropriate management decisions, such as downlisting. These issues will be increasingly relevant as more ecologists apply flexible N-mixture models to ecological data. C1 [Martin, Julien; Edwards, Holly H.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mackenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand. [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM julien.martin@myfwc.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00113.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862KR UT WOS:000298090100003 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Kery, M Guelat, J AF Royle, J. Andrew Kery, Marc Guelat, Jerome TI Spatial capture-recapture models for search-encounter data SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; data augmentation; density estimation; distance sampling; hierarchical models; population size; search-encounter data; spatial capture-recapture; spatially explicit capture-recapture ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; DATA AUGMENTATION; DNA DATA; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; IMPERFECT; INFERENCE; TRENDS AB 1. Spatial capturerecapture models make use of auxiliary data on capture location to provide density estimates for animal populations. Previously, models have been developed primarily for fixed trap arrays which define the observable locations of individuals by a set of discrete points. 2. Here, we develop a class of models for ` search-encounter' data, i. e. for detections of recognizable individuals in continuous space, not restricted to trap locations. In our hierarchical model, detection probability is related to the average distance between individual location and the survey path. The locations are allowed to change over time owing to movements of individuals, and individual locations are related formally by a model describing individual activity or home range centre which is itself regarded as a latent variable in the model. We provide a Bayesian analysis of the model in WinBUGS, and develop a customMCMCalgorithm in theR language. 3. The model is applied to simulated data and to territory mapping data for the Willow Tit from the Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MHB. While the observed density was 15 territories per nominal 1 km 2 plot of unknown effective sample area, the model produced a density estimate of 21 12 territories per square km(95% posterior interval: 17-26). 4. Spatial capture-recapture models are relevant to virtually all animal population studies that seek to estimate population size or density, yet existing models have been proposed mainly for conventional sampling using arrays of traps. Our model for search-encounter data, where the spatial pattern of searching can be arbitrary and may change over occasions, greatly expands the scope and utility of spatial capture-recapture models. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kery, Marc; Guelat, Jerome] Swiss Ornithol Inst, Sempach, Switzerland. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 602 EP 611 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00116.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862KR UT WOS:000298090100004 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, DI Bailey, LL Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF MacKenzie, Darryl I. Bailey, Larissa L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. TI An integrated model of habitat and species occurrence dynamics SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma maculatum; amphibians; detection; habitat modelling; multi-state occupancy; occupancy dynamics; species occurrence; spotted salamander; vernal pools ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; MULTIPLE STATES; OCCUPANCY; EXTINCTION; COLONIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; PERSISTENCE; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB 1. Relationships between animal populations and their habitats are well known and commonly acknowledged to be important by animal ecologists, conservation biologists and wildlife managers. Such relationships are most commonly viewed as static, such that habitat at time t is viewed as a determinant of animals present at that same time, t, or sometimes as a determinant of animal population or occurrence dynamics (e.g. between t and t+1). 2. Here, we motivate interest in simultaneous dynamics of both habitat and occupancy state (e. g. species presence or absence) and develop models to estimate parameters that describe the dynamics of such systems. 3. The models permit inference about transition probabilities for both habitat and focal species occupancy, such that habitat transitions may influence focal species transitions and vice versa. 4. Example analyses using data from salamanders in the eastern United States are presented for (i) the special case in which habitat is characterized as either suitable or unsuitable and (ii) the more general case in which different habitat states are expected to influence occupancy dynamics in a less extreme manner (occupancy is possible in the various habitat states). 5. We believe that the integrated inference methods presented here will be useful for a variety of ecological and conservation investigations and attain special relevance in the face of habitat dynamics driven by such factors as active management, land use changes and climate change. C1 [MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish, Ft Collins, CO 80253 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP MacKenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Wildlife Res Consultants, POB 5193, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM darryl@proteus.co.nz RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00110.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862KR UT WOS:000298090100005 ER PT J AU Syslo, JM Guy, CS Bigelow, PE Doepke, PD Ertel, BD Koel, TM AF Syslo, John M. Guy, Christopher S. Bigelow, Patricia E. Doepke, Philip D. Ertel, Brian D. Koel, Todd M. TI Response of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to 15 years of harvest in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MICHIGAN WATERS; FRESH-WATER; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; TROPHIC CASCADE; POPULATION; SUPERIOR; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) threaten to extirpate native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchits clarkii bouvieri) in the 34 000 ha Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Suppression (and eventual eradication) of the lake trout population is deemed necessary for the conservation of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. A US National Park Service gill-netting program removed nearly 450 000 lake trout from Yellowstone Lake from 1995 through 2009. We examined temporal variation in individual growth, body condition, length and age at maturity, fecundity, mortality, and population models to assess the efficacy of the lake trout suppression program. Population metrics did not indicate overharvest despite more than a decade of fish removal. The current rate of population growth is positive; however, it is lower than it would be in the absence of lake trout suppression. Fishing effort needs to increase above observed levels to reduce population growth rate below replacement. Additionally, high sensitivity of population growth rate to reproductive vital rates indicates that increasing fishing mortality for sexually mature lake trout may increase the effectiveness of suppression. Lake trout suppression in Yellowstone Lake illustrates the complexities of trying to remove an apex predator to restore a relatively large remote lentic ecosystem with a simple fish assemblage. C1 [Syslo, John M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bigelow, Patricia E.; Doepke, Philip D.; Ertel, Brian D.; Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Ctr Resources Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Syslo, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jsyslo@montana.edu FU NPS; US Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by the NPS and the US Geological Survey. Mention of trade names is for information purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Early studies by L. Kaeding and J. Ruzycki provided important baseline data. We thank the many NPS employees and volunteers who collected the data used for this assessment and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 63 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2132 EP 2145 DI 10.1139/F2011-122 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 877OA UT WOS:000299190600009 ER PT J AU Burkett, V AF Burkett, Virginia TI Global climate change implications for coastal and offshore oil and gas development SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Oil and gas development; Coastal infrastructure ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FUTURE; OCEAN; RATES AB The discussion and debate about climate change and oil and gas resource development has generally focused on how fossil fuel use affects the Earth's climate. This paper explores how the changing climate is likely to affect oil and gas operations in low-lying coastal areas and the outer continental shelf. Oil and gas production in these regions comprises a large sector of the economies of many energy producing nations. Six key climate change drivers in coastal and marine regions are characterized with respect to oil and gas development: changes in carbon dioxide levels and ocean acidity, air and water temperature, precipitation patterns, the rate of sea level rise, storm intensity, and wave regime. These key drivers have the potential to independently and cumulatively affect coastal and offshore oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation, and several impacts of climate change have already been observed in North America. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Many, LA 71449 USA. RP Burkett, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 540 N Courthouse St, Many, LA 71449 USA. EM virginia_burkett@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 2011 VL 39 IS 12 BP 7719 EP 7725 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.016 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 866EN UT WOS:000298363400025 ER PT J AU Hoover, DB AF Hoover, Donald B. TI DETERMINING GARNET COMPOSITION FROM MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND OTHER PROPERTIES SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KNORRINGITE AB Quantitative measurements of magnetic susceptibility combined with RI or SG data can provide an easy and inexpensive way of inferring garnet composition. At the time this technique was first applied to faceted garnets (Hoover et al., 2008), a reference set of samples with well-characterized compositions was not available. GIA subsequently provided 28 garnets and their chemical data determined by electron microprobe for a comparison with end-member compositions calculated from magnetic susceptibility measurements and other properties. The results show that end-member compositions based on microprobe data have error margins similar to most of those derived from directly measured properties. C1 US Geol Survey, Springfield, MO USA. RP Hoover, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Springfield, MO USA. EM dbhoover@aol.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 272 EP 285 DI 10.5741/GEMS.47.4.272 PG 14 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 880IV UT WOS:000299401700003 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, ST Conway, WC Haukos, DA Johnson, WP AF Saalfeld, Sarah T. Conway, Warren C. Haukos, David A. Johnson, William P. TI Nest Success of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) in the Southern High Plains of Texas SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding; Charadrius nivosus; nesting; nest success; nest survival; Program MARK; saline lake; surface water ID SITE SELECTION; EGG-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; KENTISH PLOVERS; PIPING PLOVER; PLAYA LAKES; HABITAT USE; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; BELLY-SOAKING AB Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) nesting on edges of saline lakes within the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas are threatened by habitat degradation due to reduced artesian spring flow, making many saline lakes unsuitable for nesting and migrating shorebirds. Factors influencing nest success were evaluated, current nest success estimates in the SHP of Texas were compared to estimates obtained ten years prior, and causes and timing of nest failures determined. Overall, 215 nests were monitored from three saline lakes in 2008 -2009, with nest success estimates from Program MARK ranging from 7-33% ((x) over bar = 22%). The leading causes of nest failures were attributed to predation (40%) and weather (36%). Nest success was negatively influenced by number of plants within 707-cm(2) plot, positively influenced by percent surface water availability, and at one saline lake, negatively influenced by day during the nesting season (i.e., nest success declined later in the nesting season). When compared to estimates ten years prior (1998-1999), mean nest success has declined by 31%. If nesting Snowy Plovers continue to experience increased predation rates, decreased hydrological integrity, and habitat alterations, populations will continue to decline throughout this region. Received 2 April 2011, accepted 10 August 2011. C1 [Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Conway, Warren C.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, SFA Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, William P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Saalfeld, ST (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM ssaalfeld@manomet.org FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [SPR-0804-009]; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture; Stephen F. Austin State University; Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey [23393] FX Financial, logistical, and technical support was provided in part by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Scientific Permit SPR-0804-009), Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University (Animal Care and Use Committee Approval No, TECMW10-08-07), Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Geological Survey (Federal Bird Banding Permit No. 23393). Thanks to J. Neal, a Saalfeld, M. Buckingham, R. Baker, and M. McDonough and others who assisted with field and laboratory work. We thank B. Burt, C. Comer, and D. Scognamillo for comments on the manuscript. Finally, we thank the landowners for allowing access to saline lakes located on their properties. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 389 EP 399 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 881CQ UT WOS:000299458500001 ER PT J AU Link, PT Afton, AD Cox, RR Davis, BE AF Link, Paul T. Afton, Alan D. Cox, Robert R., Jr. Davis, Bruce E. TI Daily Movements of Female Mallards Wintering in Southwestern Louisiana SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrchychos; disturbance; hunting; Louisiana; movements; refuging ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; NORTHERN PINTAILS; WASTE RICE; WATERFOWL; HABITATS; CALIFORNIA; GEESE; FOODS AB Understanding daily movements of waterfowl is crucial to management of winter habitats, especially along the Gulf Coast where hunting pressure is high. Radio-telemetry was used to investigate movements of female Mallards (Anus platyrchychos) wintering in southwestern Louisiana. Movement distances were analyzed from 2,455 paired locations (diurnal and nocturnal) of 126 Mallards during winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 to assess effects of winter, female age, areas closed (Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge RAC), Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge [CAM], Amoco Pool [AMOCO] or open to hunting [OPEN]), and habitat type, including all interactions. Movement distances from the various land management categories were not consistent by age, date, or by winter. Flight distances from LAC increased with date, whereas those from CAM and OPEN did not vary significantly by date. Female Mallards moved short distances between diurnal and nocturnal sites (ranging from 3.1 to 15.0 km by land management category), suggesting that they are able to meet their daily energy requirements within a smaller area than Northern Pintails (Anas acuta, hereafter Pintails), and thus minimize transit energy costs. Received 16 April 2011, accepted 1 July 2011. C1 [Link, Paul T.; Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cox, Robert R., Jr.] RC Store, Ipswich, SD 57451 USA. RP Link, PT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM plink@wlf.la.gov FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited Inc.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 through the Gulf Coast Joint Venture; US Geological Survey Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University FX We appreciate the financial support of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Ducks Unlimited Inc., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 through the Gulf Coast Joint Venture, and the US Geological Survey Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University. We thank P. Yakupzack, A. Hammond, M. Chouinard, G. Chandler, S. Reagan, M. Hoff, W. Syron, R. Helm, J. Linscombe, E. Trosclair III, G. Melancon, T Vidrine, J. Robinette, C. Jeske, J. Warshaw, C. Marcantel, C. Theeland, W Sweeney, W Lamair, H. Stelly, B. Lehto, C. Starkovich, J. Haller, S. Romero, M. Shirley, H. Cormier, B. Wilson, M. Parr, T Moorman, C. Duplechain, J. Rataczak, Munchrath Properties, and the Florence Club for support during the study. R. Johnson, G. Rackal, D. Gilbert, R. Cook, and D. Chamblee piloted the aircraft during telemetry flights. L. Naylor, T. Shaffer and anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Finally, we thank technicians J. Kesling, N. Jerstad, R. Conohan, B. Haff, and M. Lorenz for their dedication. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 422 EP 428 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 881CQ UT WOS:000299458500004 ER PT J AU Link, PT Afton, AD Cox, RR Davis, BE AF Link, Paul T. Afton, Alan D. Cox, Robert R., Jr. Davis, Bruce E. TI Use of Habitats by Female Mallards Wintering in Southwestern Louisiana SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; freshwater marsh; Gulf Coast; habitat use; hunting; Louisiana; Mallards; radio-marked; winter ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; NORTHERN PINTAILS; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; WASTE RICE; WATERFOWL; CALIFORNIA AB Habitat use by wintering Mallards (Anas platyrhychos) on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain (GCCP) has received little study and quantitative data is needed for management of GCCP waterfowl. Radio-telemetry techniques were used to record habitats used by 135 female Mallards during winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 in southwestern Louisiana. Habitat use was quantitatively estimated for areas open and closed to hunting, by general habitat types (i.e., marsh, rice, idle, pasture, or other), and for specific marsh types (i.e., freshwater, intermediate, brackish, or salt). Variation in these estimates was subsequently examined in relation to individual female, female age (adult or immature), winter (2004-2005 or 2005-2006), and hunt periods within winter (second hunting season [SHUNT] or post hunting season [POST]). Diurnal use of areas closed to hunting was greater during hunted time periods in winter 2005-2006 than in winter 2004-2005. Nocturnal use of areas closed to hunting was 3.1 times greater during SHUNT than during POST, and immatures used areas closed to hunting more than adults. Diurnal use of marsh was 3.3 times greater than that of any other habitat during both winters. Nocturnal use of marsh, rice, idle, and pasture were similar during both winters. Females used freshwater marsh habitats extensively (64.6-99.8% proportional use), whereas brackish and salt marsh combined was used less frequently (0-35.8% proportional use). These results suggest that freshwater marsh is important to Mallards and a high priority for restoration and management efforts. Received 16 April 2011, accepted 22 July 2011. C1 [Link, Paul T.; Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cox, Robert R., Jr.] RC Store, Ipswich, SD 57451 USA. RP Link, PT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM plink@wlf.la.gov FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited Inc.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 through the Gulf Coast Joint Venture; U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University FX We appreciate the financial support of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Ducks Unlimited Inc., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2 through the Gulf Coast Joint Venture, and the U.S. Geological Survey-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and School of Renewable Natural Resources at Louisiana State University. We thank P. Yakupzack, A. Hammond, M. Chouinard, G. Chandler, S. Reagan, M. Hoff, W. Syron, R. Helm, J. Linscombe, P. Trosclair III, G. Melancon, T. Vidrine, J. Robinette, C. Jeske, J. Warshaw, C. Marcantel, C. Theeland W. Sweeney, W. Lamair, H. Stelly, B. Lehto, C. Starkovich, J. Haller, S. Romero, M. Shirley, H. Cormier, B. Wilson, M. Parr, T. Moorman, C. Duplechain, J. Rataczak, Munchrath Properties, and the Florence Club for support during the study. R. Johnson, G. Rackal, D. Gilbert, R. Cook, and D. Chamblee piloted aircraft during telemetry flights. C. Jeske, J. Fleskes, and anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Finally, we thank technicians J. Kesling, N. Jerstad, R. Conohan, B. Haff, and M. Lorenz for their dedication. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 881CQ UT WOS:000299458500005 ER PT J AU Webb, EB Smith, LM Vrtiska, MP Lagrange, TG AF Webb, Elisabeth B. Smith, Loren M. Vrtiska, Mark P. Lagrange, Theodore G. TI Factors Influencing Behavior of Wetland Birds in the Rainwater Basin during Spring Migration SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE behavior; Nebraska; playas; Rainwater Basin; spring migration; wetland birds ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NUTRIENT RESERVES; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; BODY CONDITION; WINGED TEAL; REPRODUCTION; DISTURBANCE; NEBRASKA AB As little is known about specific factors influencing wetland birds during migration, the effects of time period, hunting pressure, and year on wetland bird behavior were evaluated during spring migration. Avian behavior was quantified on 36-40 playa wetlands in the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska, during springs 2002-2004. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test for differences in behavior among time periods, hunting categories (closed to hunting, hunted wetlands in-season, and hunted wetlands post-season), and years for geese, dabbling ducks, diving ducks, and shorebirds, as well as among two species of management concern; Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) and Northern Pintails (Anas acuta). Overall, goose behavior did not differ among time periods or years; however, a greater percentage of geese were observed feeding in wetlands closed to hunting (11%) than on hunted wetlands in-season (5%). A smaller percentage of dabbling ducks was observed feeding on hunted wetlands in-season (19%) than on wetlands closed to hunting (24%) or on hunted wetlands post-season (28%). Diving duck and shorebird behavior did not differ among time periods, years, or hunting categories. Although spring hunting was implemented to reduce the light goose population, it may also be negatively influencing habitat quality at migration stopover sites for geese and dabbling ducks. Managers should consider limiting spring hunting disturbance on temporary and seasonal wetlands, where dabbling ducks spend more time foraging, than on semi-permanent wetlands. Received 20 April 2011, accepted 18 July 2011. C1 [Webb, Elisabeth B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Vrtiska, Mark P.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. [Webb, Elisabeth B.; Lagrange, Theodore G.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wild Life Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Webb, EB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM webbli@missouri.edu FU North American Wetlends Conservation Act Evaluation; Region 6 of the USFWS; NGPC; Nature Conservancy of Nebraska; Region 7 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Rainwater Basin Joint Venture; Texas Tech University FX Financial support was provided by the North American Wetlends Conservation Act Evaluation Grant, Region 6 of the USFWS, NGPC, the Nature Conservancy of Nebraska, Region 7 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, and Texas Tech University Vehicles and transportation costs were provided by NGPC. The Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District of the USFWS and NGPC provided housing and access to the wetlands. M. Gordillo and J. Jensen assisted with data collection. A. Bishop and R. Reker assisted with GIS data layers. We thank the numerous landowners in the RWB for allowing access to their wetlands. N. McIntyre, R. Strauss, and G. Wilde provided comments on the manuscript. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 881CQ UT WOS:000299458500008 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Griffin, DW McPeters, RD Ward, PD Schuerger, AC AF Smith, David J. Griffin, Dale W. McPeters, Richard D. Ward, Peter D. Schuerger, Andrew C. TI Microbial survival in the stratosphere and implications for global dispersal SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Stratosphere; Natural selection; Dispersal; Spores; Aerobiology ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; SOLAR UV-RADIATION; SIMULATED MARTIAN ENVIRONMENTS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SPACECRAFT SURFACES; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-REPAIR AB Spores of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to a series of stratosphere simulations. In total, five distinct treatments measured the effect of reduced pressure, low temperature, high desiccation, and intense ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on stratosphere-isolated and ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Environmental conditions were based on springtime data from a mid-latitude region of the lower stratosphere (20 km). Experimentally, each treatment consisted of the following independent or combined conditions: -70 degrees C, 56 mb, 10-12% relative humidity and 0.00421, 5.11, and 54.64 W/m(2) of UVC (200-280 nm), UVB 280-315 nm), UVA (315-400 nm), respectively. Bacteria were deposited on metal coupon surfaces in monolayers of similar to 1 x 10(6) spores and prepared with palagonite (particle size < 20 mu m). After 6 h of exposure to the stratosphere environment, 99.9% of B. subtilis spores were killed due to UV irradiation. In contrast, temperature, desiccation, and pressure simulations without UV had no effect on spore viability up through 96 h. There were no differences in survival between the stratosphere-isolated versus ground-isolated B. subtilis strains. Inactivation of most bacteria in our simulation indicates that the stratosphere can be a critical barrier to long-distance microbial dispersal and that survival in the upper atmosphere may be constrained by UV irradiation. C1 [Smith, David J.; Ward, Peter D.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, David J.; Ward, Peter D.] Univ Washington, Grad Program Astrobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [McPeters, Richard D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20711 USA. [Schuerger, Andrew C.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32899 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, 24 Kincaid Hall,Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM djsone@uw.edu; dgriffin@usgs.gov; richard.d.mcpeters@nasa.gov; argo@uw.edu; schuerg@ufl.edu RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) at the University of Washington Graduate Program in Astrobiology; NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) FX Our research was supported by the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program at the University of Washington Graduate Program in Astrobiology, and the Cooperative Education Program at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Critical resources came from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Florida. The authors are grateful to Paul Hintze (NASA KSC) for his assistance with SEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and to Phillip Metzger and Luke Roberson (NASA KSC) who helped generate the dust analog. We also acknowledge John Frederick (University of Chicago) for guidance during our research. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 EI 1573-3025 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD DEC PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1007/s10453-011-9203-5 PG 14 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876IO UT WOS:000299101400005 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Buhl, DA AF Austin, Jane E. Buhl, Deborah A. TI Nest Survival of American Coots Relative to Grazing, Burning, and Water Depths SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Coot; Fulica americana; grazing; hydrology; Idaho; nest survival; prescribed burning ID SITE SELECTION; SUCCESS; PREDATION; DUCKS; SASKATCHEWAN; REPRODUCTION; PARKLANDS; COLORADO; WETLAND; ECOLOGY AB Water and emergent vegetation are key features influencing nest site selection and success for many marsh-nesting waterbirds. Wetland management practices such as grazing, burning, and water-level manipulations directly affect these features and can influence nest survival. We used model selection and before-after-control-impact approaches to evaluate the effects of water depth and four common land-management practices or treatments, i.e., summer grazing, fall grazing, fall burning, and idle (no active treatment) on nest survival of American coots (Fulica americana) nesting at Grays Lake, a large montane wetland in southeast Idaho. The best model included the variables year x treatment, and quadratic functions of date, water depth, and nest age; height of vegetation at the nest did not improve the best model. However, results from the before-after-control-impact analysis indicate that management practices affected nest success via vegetation and involved interactions of hydrology, residual vegetation, and habitat composition. Nest success in idled fields changed little between pre- and post-treatment periods, whereas nest success declined in fields that were grazed or burned, with the most dramatic declines the year following treatments. The importance of water depth may be amplified in this wetland system because of rapid water-level withdrawal during the nesting season. Water and land-use values for area ranchers, management for nesting waterbirds, and long-term wetland function are important considerations in management of water levels and vegetation. C1 [Austin, Jane E.; Buhl, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge and U.S. Geological Survey's Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Funding was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey's Quick Response Program with in-kind support provided by the refuge. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Refuge Manager M. Fisher for his support during all phases of this study. A. Henry provided valuable assistance in preparing data for analysis. We thank A. R. Henry, C. D. Mitchell, T. Arnold, W. Reed, W. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR 1 DI 10.5751/ACE-00472-060201 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 872VT UT WOS:000298838800004 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Freeman, M Abouelezz, H Royar, K Howard, A Mickey, R AF Donovan, Therese M. Freeman, Mark Abouelezz, Hanem Royar, Kimberly Howard, Alan Mickey, Ruth TI Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bobcat; Lynx rufus; Habitat use; Kernel home range; AIC; Utilization distribution ID POPULATION; DENSITY; SIZE; BIAS; ORGANIZATION; SELECTION; MOVEMENT; MODELS AB We demonstrate how home range and habitat use analysis can inform landscape-scale conservation planning for the bobcat, Lynx rufus, in Vermont USA. From 2005 to 2008, we outfitted fourteen bobcats with GPS collars that collected spatially explicit locations from individuals every 4 h for 3-4 months. Kernel home range techniques were used to estimate home range size and boundaries, and to quantify the utilization distribution (UD), which is a spatially explicit, topographic mapping of how different areas within the home range are used. We then used GIS methods to quantify both biotic (e.g. habitat types, stream density) and abiotic (e.g. slope) resources within each bobcat's home range. Across bobcats, upper 20th UD percentiles (core areas) had 18% less agriculture, 42% less development, 26% more bobcat habitat (shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types), and 33% lower road density than lower UD percentiles (UD valleys). For each bobcat, we used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate and compare 24 alternative Resource Utilization Functions (hypotheses) that could explain the topology of the individual's UD. A model-averaged population-level Resource Utilization Function suggested positive responses to shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types within 1 km of a location, and negative responses to roads and mixed forest cover types within 1 km of a location. Applying this model-averaged function to each pixel in the study area revealed habitat suitability for bobcats across the entire study area, with suitability scores ranging between -1.69 and 1.44, where higher values were assumed to represent higher quality habitat. The southern Champlain Valley, which contained ample wetland and shrub habitat, was a concentrated area of highly suitable habitat, while areas at higher elevation areas were less suitable. Female bobcat home ranges, on average, had an average habitat suitability score of near 0, indicating that home ranges consisted of both beneficial and detrimental habitat types. We discuss the application of habitat suitability mapping and home range requirements for bobcat conservation and landscape scale management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Freeman, Mark; Abouelezz, Hanem] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Howard, Alan] Univ Vermont, Stat Software Support & Consulting Serv, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Royar, Kimberly] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Springfield, VT 05156 USA. [Mickey, Ruth] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Coll Engn & Math Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM tdonovan@uvm.edu FU Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the following people: Noel Dodge, Kristen Watrous, Olivia LaMaistre, Patrick Soneira, Doug Olufson, Bruce Baraffio, Brad Elliott, Sue Morse, Barry Forbes, Scott Schwenk, Doug Blodgett, Cory Blodgett, Scott Darling, Chris Bernier, John Austin, Tom Decker, David Sausville, John Mulchu, Adam Vashon, and Fred Pogmore, in addition to the numerous private land owners and volunteers. Funding was provided by the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department through a State Wildlife Grant. Use of trade-names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S.G.S., University of Vermont, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 144 IS 12 BP 2799 EP 2809 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868KF UT WOS:000298521500010 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Young, JK Beckmann, JP Breck, SW Fike, J Rhodes, OE Bristow, KD AF Atwood, Todd C. Young, Julie K. Beckmann, Jon P. Breck, Stewart W. Fike, Jennifer Rhodes, Olin E., Jr. Bristow, Kirby D. TI Modeling connectivity of black bears in a desert sky island archipelago SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Border fence; Corridor; Genetic connectivity; Landscape connectivity; Ursus americanus ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; CENTRAL ARIZONA; BROWN BEARS; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; MEXICO AB Landscape features such as rivers, mountains, desert basins, roads, and impermeable man-made structures may influence dispersal and gene flow among populations, thereby creating spatial structure across the landscape. In the US-Mexico borderland, urbanization and construction of the border fence have the potential to increase genetic subdivision and vulnerability to isolation in large mammal populations by bisecting movement corridors that have enabled dispersal between adjacent Sky Island mountain ranges. We examined genetic variation in black bears (Ursus americanus) from three regions in central and southern Arizona, US, to assess genetic and landscape connectivity in the US-Mexico border Sky Islands. We found that the three regions grouped into two subpopulations: the east-central subpopulation comprised of individuals sampled in the central highland and high desert regions, and the border subpopulation comprised of individuals sampled in the southern Sky Islands. Occupancy for the border subpopulation of black bears was influenced by cover type and distance to water, and occupancy-based corridor models identified 14 potential corridors connecting border Sky Island habitat cores with the east-central subpopulation. Biological quality of corridors, defined as length:width ratio and proportions of suitable habitat within corridors, declined with Sky Island dispersion. Our results show that black bears in the border subpopulation are moderately isolated from the east-central subpopulation, the main population segment of black bears in Arizona, and that connectivity for border bears may be vulnerable to anthropogenic activities, such as those associated with urbanization and trans-border security. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Atwood, Todd C.; Breck, Stewart W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Atwood, Todd C.; Bristow, Kirby D.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Young, Julie K.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Predator Res Facil, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Beckmann, Jon P.] N Amer Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Fike, Jennifer; Rhodes, Olin E., Jr.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM todd.c.atwood@aphis.usda.gov FU Arizona Game and Fish Department's Research Branch [W-78-R]; Arizona Game and Fish Department; Safari Club International; Nature Conservancy-Northern Mexico Program; Summerlee Foundation; National Wildlife Research Center; Wildlife Conservation Society FX J. Ng, R. Butler, T. Smith, and S. Boe provided assistance with data collection. S. Stone, B. Wake ling, L Ordway, M. Disney, R. Thompson, M. Crabb, and J. Hanna helped coordinate collection of additional bear samples. We thank the Commandant of Fort Huachuca for providing access to the base. Funding was provided through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act Project W-78-R of the Arizona Game and Fish Department's Research Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department's Habitat Conservation Program and Wildlife Conservation Fund, Safari Club International, The Nature Conservancy-Northern Mexico Program, Summerlee Foundation, National Wildlife Research Center, and Wildlife Conservation Society. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 144 IS 12 BP 2851 EP 2862 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.08.002 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868KF UT WOS:000298521500015 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Bright, JB Drobney, P Larson, JL Palaia, N Rabie, PA Vacek, S Wells, D AF Larson, Diane L. Bright, J. B. Drobney, Pauline Larson, Jennifer L. Palaia, Nicholas Rabie, Paul A. Vacek, Sara Wells, Douglas TI Effects of planting method and seed mix richness on the early stages of tallgrass prairie restoration SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Restoration methods; Tallgrass prairie; Exotic species; Warm-season grasses; Perennial forbs ID EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLANDS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; INVASION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; INVASIBILITY; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE AB Tallgrass prairie restoration has been practiced for more than 75 years, yet few studies have systematically tested restoration methods over large geographic regions with the intent of refining methodology. In this study, we used three planting methods (dormant-season broadcast, growing-season broadcast and growing-season drill) fully crossed with three levels of seed species richness (10, 20, and 34 spp). We replicated the study on nine former agricultural fields located from east-central Iowa (Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge) to northwestern Minnesota (Litchfield, Fergus Falls and Morris Wetland Management Districts), USA, within the northern tallgrass prairie biome. Objectives were to evaluate the relative influences of planting method, seed mix richness, and their interactions, on (1) planted cover (both total and by guild) and richness, (2) exotic species cover, and (3) non-planted native species cover. Optimal techniques varied between the two study areas: the dormant broadcast method produced greater cover of planted species at the Minnesota sites and the growing-season drill method produced greater cover of planted species at Iowa sites. The dormant broadcast method strongly favored establishment of perennial forbs while the growing-season drill favored warm-season grasses. Although increasing richness of the seed mix produced greater planted species richness, this did not result in greater resistance to exotic invasion. We conclude that, if planting during the growing season, drilling seed is preferable to broadcasting, but if the choice is between broadcasting seed in the dormant or growing season, the dormant season is preferred. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bright, J. B.; Vacek, Sara] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Morris, MN USA. [Drobney, Pauline] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Neal Smith Natl Wildlife Refuge, Prairie City, IA USA. [Larson, Jennifer L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN USA. [Palaia, Nicholas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Litchfield, MN USA. [Rabie, Paul A.] No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Wells, Douglas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fergus Falls, MN USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region; U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX We thank the dedicated staff and volunteers of the participating Refuge and Wetland Management District stations who helped with plot layout, site preparation, seeding, mowing, and vegetation monitoring. Amy Symstad, Susan Galatowitsch and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program and Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 144 IS 12 BP 3127 EP 3139 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.018 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 868KF UT WOS:000298521500045 ER PT J AU Franco, G Cayan, DR Moser, S Hanemann, M Jones, MA AF Franco, Guido Cayan, Daniel R. Moser, Susanne Hanemann, Michael Jones, Myoung-Ae TI Second California Assessment: integrated climate change impacts assessment of natural and managed systems. SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; ELECTRICITY DEMAND; CHANGE SCENARIOS; MODEL; WATER; UTILITY; USA AB Since 2006 the scientific community in California, in cooperation with resource managers, has been conducting periodic statewide studies about the potential impacts of climate change on natural and managed systems. This Special Issue is a compilation of revised papers that originate from the most recent assessment that concluded in 2009. As with the 2006 studies that influenced the passage of California's landmark Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32), these papers have informed policy formulation at the state level, helping bring climate adaptation as a complementary measure to mitigation. We provide here a brief introduction to the papers included in this Special Issue focusing on how they are coordinated and support each other. We describe the common set of downscaled climate and sea-level rise scenarios used in this assessment that came from six different global climate models (GCMs) run under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios: B1 (low emissions) and A2 (a medium-high emissions). Recommendations for future state assessments, some of which are being implemented in an on-going new assessment that will be completed in 2012, are offered. C1 [Franco, Guido] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moser, Susanne] Stanford Univ, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Hanemann, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Econ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jones, Myoung-Ae] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Sacramento, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Moser, Susanne] Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Franco, G (reprint author), Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM Gfranco@Energy.state.ca.us NR 89 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0318-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871SF UT WOS:000298757300001 ER PT J AU Das, T Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Hidalgo, HG AF Das, Tapash Dettinger, Michael D. Cayan, Daniel R. Hidalgo, Hugo G. TI Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; MODEL AB California's mountainous topography, exposure to occasional heavily moisture-laden storm systems, and varied communities and infrastructures in low lying areas make it highly vulnerable to floods. An important question facing the state-in terms of protecting the public and formulating water management responses to climate change-is "how might future climate changes affect flood characteristics in California?" To help address this, we simulate floods on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the state's primary catchment, based on downscaled daily precipitation and temperature projections from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). These climate projections are fed into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, and the VIC-simulated streamflows and hydrologic conditions, from historical and from projected climate change runs, allow us to evaluate possible changes in annual maximum 3-day flood magnitudes and frequencies of floods. By the end of the 21st Century, all projections yield larger-than-historical floods, for both the Northern Sierra Nevada (NSN) and for the Southern Sierra Nevada (SSN). The increases in flood magnitude are statistically significant (at p <= 0.01) for all the three GCMs in the period 2051-2099. The frequency of flood events above selected historical thresholds also increases under projections from CNRM CM3 and NCAR PCM1 climate models, while under the third scenario, GFDL CM2.1, frequencies remain constant or decline slightly, owing to an overall drying trend. These increases appear to derive jointly from increases in heavy precipitation amount, storm frequencies, and days with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow. Increases in antecedent winter soil moisture also play a role in some areas. Thus, a complex, as-yet unpredictable interplay of several different climatic influences threatens to cause increased flood hazards in California's complex western Sierra landscapes. C1 [Das, Tapash; Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Das, Tapash] CH2MHILL Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Das, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Mail Code 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tapash.das@ch2m.com OI Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; CALFED Bay-Delta; California Energy Commission; Environment and Sustainability Initiative at UC San Diego; DOE [DE-SC0002000]; University of Costa Rica [VI-805-A9-224, VI-808-A9-180] FX We thank the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge particularly the GCM modeling groups at CNRM, NCAR and GFDL for GCM output. Thanks to Michael Anderson and John T. Andrew at California Department of Water Resources for their valuable discussions. We thank three anonymous reviewers and editors for useful comments. The study was supported by both the CALFED Bay-Delta Program-funded postdoctoral fellowship grant provided to TD and the California Energy Commission-funded California Climate Change Center. Partial salary support for TD from Environment and Sustainability Initiative at UC San Diego (now Sustainability Solutions Institute) through a seed funding grant is also acknowledged. The California Energy Commission PIER Program through the California Climate Change Center, the NOAA RISA Program via the CNAP RISA, and DOE through grant DE-SC0002000, provided partial salary support for DC. Much of the contribution of HH was done while he was a Project Scientist at SIO. He is now partially funded through research projects VI-805-A9-224 and VI-808-A9-180 of the University of Costa Rica. NR 72 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 SU 1 SI SI BP 71 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871SF UT WOS:000298757300004 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Andersen, David E. TI Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Redstart; clearcut; forest songbirds; Ovenbird; postfledging; Seiurus aurocapilla; Setophaga ruticilla ID REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; HABITAT USE; BIRDS; PREDATION; SELECTION; PATTERNS; THRUSHES; YOUNG; EDGE AB Some species of mature-forest-nesting songbirds use regenerating clearcuts and forested wetlands during the postfledging period (between nesting and migration). Relatively dense vegetation structure and abundant food resources in non-mature-forest cover types have been hypothesized to explain this phenomenon. We examined the relative importance of vegetation structure and invertebrate availability on use of nonnesting cover types by adult and hatch-year Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) during the postfledging period of 2009 in northern Minnesota. We used mist nets to sample bird use of forested wetlands and regenerating clearcuts of three age groups: 16, 712, and 1619 yr after harvest. We modeled captures of birds using vegetation characteristics and invertebrate availability sampled around nets as explanatory variables. For all birds studied, captures were best explained by food availability and secondarily by vegetation characteristics including litter depth and woody debris for Ovenbirds and canopy height for American Redstarts. Shrub-level invertebrate availability received a cumulative weight of 0.740.99 in Akaike's information criterion corrected ranked models for adult and hatch-year birds of both species. Vegetation density and variation in vegetation density explained almost no variation in captures of either species. We conclude that both invertebrate availability and some vegetation characteristics influence use of nonnesting cover types by Ovenbirds and American Redstarts during the postfledging period, but that invertebrate availability is generally the stronger predictor of that use. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73]; U.S. Forest Service FX This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order No. 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with in-kind support from the U.S. Forest Service. We captured, handled, and banded birds following IACUC Protocol #0806A35761, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to D. Johnson, J. Manolis, F. Cuthbert, and J. Refsnider for comments on the manuscript, T. McAllister, J. Refsnider, A. Monroe, E. Michel, D. Dessecker, A. Edmond, J. Hammers, K. Icknayan, C. Hill, K. Colvin, and J. Gerchak for assistance with field data collection, and A. Williamson and G. Alle for logistical support. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by either the U.S. Geological Survey or the University of Minnesota. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 82 IS 4 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 860XT UT WOS:000297982400006 ER PT J AU Seidensticker, MT Holt, DW Detienne, J Talbot, S Gray, K AF Seidensticker, Mathew T. Holt, Denver W. Detienne, Jennifer Talbot, Sandra Gray, Kathy TI THE JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Snowy Owl; Bubo scandiacus; molecular sexing; plumage characteristics; sex; sex-ratios ID SIZE DIMORPHISM; RANDOM FORESTS; BIRDS; SEX; CLASSIFICATION; EAGLES; OWLS; DNA AB We predicted sex of 140 Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) nestlings out of 34 nests at our Barrow, Alaska, study area to develop a technique for sexing these owls in the field. We primarily sexed young, flightless owls (38-44 d old) by quantifying plumage markings on the remiges and tail, predicting sex, and collecting blood samples to test our field predictions using molecular sexing techniques. We categorized and quantified three different plumage markings: two types of bars (defined as markings that touch the rachis) and spots (defined as markings that do not touch the rachis). We predicted sex in the field assuming that males had more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on the remiges and rectrices. Molecular data indicated that we correctly sexed 100% of the nestlings. We modeled the data using random forests and classification trees. Both models indicated that the number and type of markings on the secondary feathers were the most important in classifying nestling sex. The statistical models verified our initial qualitative prediction that males have more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on flight feathers P6 P10 for both wings and tail feathers Ti and T2. This study provides researchers with an easily replicable and highly accurate method for sexing young Snowy Owls in the field, which should aid further studies of sex-ratios and sex-related variation in behavior and growth of this circumpolar owl species. C1 [Seidensticker, Mathew T.; Holt, Denver W.; Detienne, Jennifer] Owl Res Inst, Charlo, MT 59824 USA. [Talbot, Sandra] Alaska Sci Ctr, USGS Mol Ecol Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Gray, Kathy] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Math & Stat, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Seidensticker, MT (reprint author), Owl Res Inst, POB 39, Charlo, MT 59824 USA. EM mat_seidensticker@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 865WL UT WOS:000298341500001 ER PT J AU Bruggeman, JE Andersen, DE Woodford, JE AF Bruggeman, Jason E. Andersen, David E. Woodford, James E. TI NORTHERN GOSHAWK MONITORING IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES BIOREGION SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis; occupancy; population monitoring; raptors; stratified sampling; surveys; western Great Lakes bioregion ID PREY ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; FOREST; MINNESOTA; COVER; REPRODUCTION; DISPERSAL; SURVIVAL; WEATHER AB Uncertainties about factors affecting Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and the status of populations have added to the challenge of managing this species. To address data needs for determining the status of goshawk populations, Hargis and Woodbridge (2006) developed a bioregional monitoring protocol based on estimating occupancy. The goal of our study was to implement this protocol and collect data to determine goshawk population status in the western Great Lakes (WGL) bioregion, which encompasses portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and is a mixture of private and public property. We used 366 goshawk nest locations obtained between 1979 and 2006 throughout the WGL bioregion to develop a model of landscape use consisting of forest canopy cover and land-cover covariates. We then used the model to develop a stratified sampling design for selecting 600-ha Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) to survey for goshawks. Project collaborators surveyed 86 PSUs for goshawk presence using broadcasted calls twice between mid-May and mid-August 2008, and recorded 30 goshawk detections in 21 different PSUs. Seventy-four percent of detections occurred at call stations with canopy closure >75%. Goshawk detection probabilities were 0.549 +/- 0.118 (standard error) for the First visit to PSUs and 0.750 +/- 0.126 for the second visit. We estimated the proportion of PSUs occupied by goshawks as 0.266 +/- 0.047, which corresponded to 5184 +/- 914 PSUs occupied by goshawks in our study area and suggested that goshawks are widely, but sparsely, distributed throughout the WGL bioregion. C1 [Bruggeman, Jason E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Woodford, James E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Endangered Resources Program, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Bruggeman, JE (reprint author), Beartooth Wildlife Res LLC, Farmington, MN 55024 USA. EM jbruggeman@frontiernet.net FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey's Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Minnesota; Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest; Chippewa National Forest; Hiawatha National Forest; Ottawa National Forest; Superior National Forest; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Natural Features Inventory; Plum Creek Timber Company; Potlach Corporation FX This project was completed with funding and support from the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Geological Survey's Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Minnesota, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Chippewa National Forest, Hiawatha National Forest, Ottawa National Forest, Superior National Forest, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Plum Creek Timber Company, and Potlach Corporation. We would like to acknowledge the numerous surveyors who participated in data collection efforts and the private landowners who provided access to their land during surveys. We would also like to acknowledge J. Baldwin, D. Johnson, C. Voijta, and one anonymous reviewer who provided suggestions and comments that improved previous drafts of this manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by either the U.S. Geological Survey or the University of Minnesota. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 290 EP 303 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 865WL UT WOS:000298341500002 ER PT J AU Skipper, BR Boal, CW AF Skipper, Ben R. Boal, Clint W. TI FEMALE AMERICAN KESTREL SURVIVES DOUBLE AMPUTATION SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE American Kestrel; Falco sparverius; amputation; injury; leg-hold trap ID INJURIES C1 [Skipper, Ben R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Skipper, BR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM ben.skipper@ttu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 374 EP 375 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 865WL UT WOS:000298341500013 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Knapp, IS Maragos, JE Davy, SK AF Williams, Gareth J. Knapp, Ingrid S. Maragos, James E. Davy, Simon K. TI Response to Gardner et al. SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Letter C1 [Williams, Gareth J.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. [Knapp, Ingrid S.; Davy, Simon K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. EM gareth@ucsd.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2878 EP 2879 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.002 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 868JU UT WOS:000298520400052 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Patterns of morphological variation amongst semifossorial shrews in the highlands of Guatemala, with the description of a new species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Blarinini; Central America; Eulipotyphla; humerus; Insectivora; manus; Soricinae ID SMALL-EARED SHREW; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; INSECTIVORA AB Members of the Cryptotis goldmani group of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) represent a clade within the genus that is characterized by modifications of the forelimb that include broadened forefeet, elongated and broadened foreclaws, and massive humeri with enlarged processes. These modifications are consistent with greater adaptation to their semifossorial habits than other members of the genus. The species in this group occur discontinuously in temperate highlands from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Honduras. In Guatemala, there are three species: the relatively widespread Cryptotis goodwini and two species (Cryptotis lacertosus, Cryptotis mam) endemic to highland forests in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of western Guatemala. Ongoing studies focusing on the relationships of variation in cranial and postcranial skeletal morphology have revealed a fourth species from remnant cloud forest in the Sierra de Yalijux, central Guatemala. In this paper, I describe this new species and characterize its morphology relative to other species in the C. goldmani group and to other species of Cryptotis in Guatemala. In addition, I summarize available details of its habitat and ecology. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 1267-1288. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00754.x C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 163 IS 4 BP 1267 EP 1288 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00754.x PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 860KB UT WOS:000297946100011 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA McKee, KL AF Middleton, Beth A. McKee, Karen L. TI SOIL WARMING ALTERS SEED-BANK RESPONSES ACROSS THE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OF FRESHWATER TAXODIUM DISTICHUM (CUPRESSACEAE) SWAMPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE baldcypress swamp; climate change; climate warming; macroecology; Mississippi River Alluvial Valley; Taxodium distichum ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENETIC-VARIATION; PERIPHERAL-POPULATIONS; GERMINATION RESPONSE; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATURE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; MIGRATION AB Premise of the Study: Climate warming is predicted to have far-reaching effects on the distribution of species, but those effects may depend on the flexibility of regenerating species in responding to climate gradients. We conducted a study to determine whether the variation in the response of seed banks to temperature varied across the latitudinal range of Taxodium distichum swamps in North America. Methods: The soil was collected in a long-term research network and heated experimentally to three current-day spring normal soil temperatures (average maximum daily spring normal soil temperatures during May in Illinois, Arkansas, and Louisiana, USA, respectively: 22 degrees, 25 degrees, and 29 degrees C). A "normal" is the mean temperature calculated over a 30-yr interval (1971-2000). Seed-bank density and biomass responses were examined in relation to latitude and difference in the soil temperature of the experiment and the spring normal. Key Results: Using first- and second-order regression analysis, we determined that the variation in total germination density was lowest mid-range and in experimental soil temperatures similar to the spring normal. For some dominant species, the variance in germination density was higher in the northern (Cephalanthus occidentalis) or the southern part of the network (Saururus cernuus and Polygonum pensylvanicum). Overall, the variance of total biomass (root, shoot, whole plant) was higher if the experimental soil temperature was warmer than the spring normal. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the regeneration of some populations of swamp species may have more flexibility to respond to climate warming than others. C1 [Middleton, Beth A.; McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 34 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1943 EP 1955 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100246 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 863PB UT WOS:000298176800019 PM 22074775 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Kendall, KC Royle, JA Stetz, JB Macleod, AC AF Graves, T. A. Kendall, K. C. Royle, J. A. Stetz, J. B. Macleod, A. C. TI Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Glacier National Park; Montana; density; detection probability; habitat use; spatial mark-recapture; Ursus arctos ID NONINVASIVE GENETIC SAMPLES; HABITAT SELECTION; REPLICATED COUNTS; SWAN MOUNTAINS; MIXTURE-MODELS; URSUS-ARCTOS; POPULATION; MONTANA; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK AB Few studies link habitat to grizzly bear Ursus arctos abundance and these have not accounted for the variation in detection or spatial autocorrelation. We collected and genotyped bear hair in and around Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana during the summer of 2000. We developed a hierarchical Markov chain Monte Carlo model that extends the existing occupancy and count models by accounting for (1) spatially explicit variables that we hypothesized might influence abundance; (2) separate sub-models of detection probability for two distinct sampling methods (hair traps and rub trees) targeting different segments of the population; (3) covariates to explain variation in each sub-model of detection; (4) a conditional autoregressive term to account for spatial autocorrelation; (5) weights to identify most important variables. Road density and per cent mesic habitat best explained variation in female grizzly bear abundance; spatial autocorrelation was not supported. More female bears were predicted in places with lower road density and with more mesic habitat. Detection rates of females increased with rub tree sampling effort. Road density best explained variation in male grizzly bear abundance and spatial autocorrelation was supported. More male bears were predicted in areas of low road density. Detection rates of males increased with rub tree and hair trap sampling effort and decreased over the sampling period. We provide a new method to (1) incorporate multiple detection methods into hierarchical models of abundance; (2) determine whether spatial autocorrelation should be included in final models. Our results suggest that the influence of landscape variables is consistent between habitat selection and abundance in this system. C1 [Graves, T. A.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kendall, K. C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Chester, PA USA. [Royle, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Stetz, J. B.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Macleod, A. C.] Univ Montana, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Field Stn, W Chester, PA USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tabgra@yahoo.com OI MACLEOD, AMY/0000-0002-6966-2278; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; McIntyre-Stennis funds; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Canon Corporation; EarthWatch Institute; US Forest Service FX We are grateful to 450 biologists, field and laboratory technicians, data and IT specialists and scores of volunteers that contributed to the success of this project. In particular, we want to acknowledge the substantial contributions of: M. Blair, D. Carney, M. Coleman, M. Fairchild, G. Heinz, R. Hickle, M. Johnson, T. Manley, N. Merz, D. Paetkau, K. Peterson, D. Roon, L. Sanders, D. Schirokauer, L. Waits and S. Wolff. We also thank other bear managers and researchers for sharing data and providing field assistance, logistical support and advice, including: T. Chilton, S. Courville, J. Jonkel, R. Mace, M. Madel, C. Servheen, T. Radandt, J. Waller and E. Wenum and collaborating agencies: Blackfeet Tribe, GNP, MT Department of Natural Resource Conservation, MT Fish Wildlife and Parks, USFS - Flathead, Kootenai, and Lewis & Clark National Forests and US Fish and Wildlife Service for their general assistance, feedback and contributions to explanatory map layers. K. Ake compiled the greenness layer and compiled much of the road and activity layers. The DOI-USFS LANDFIRE team constructed the cover type layer - we thank them for expediting the update of our study area. For a description of contributions of each co-author please see supporting information III. Funding was provided by US Geological Survey, National Park Service NRPP and CCS programs, McIntyre-Stennis funds, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Canon Corporation, EarthWatch Institute and the US Forest Service. Finally, we thank C. Schwartz, B. Gardner, M. Boyce, M. Schuab and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 652 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 865SZ UT WOS:000298331900009 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Hall, JS Nashold, SW TeSlaa, JL Ip, HS AF Dusek, Robert J. Hall, Jeffrey S. Nashold, Sean W. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Ip, Hon S. TI Evaluation of Nobuto Filter Paper Strips for the Detection of Avian Influenza Virus Antibody in Waterfowl SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody; avian influenza; blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; method; Nobuto ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WHOLE-BLOOD; PREVALENCE; SEROLOGY; SAMPLES; BIRDS; SERUM AB The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection of avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Blood was collected 2 wk after infection and was preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto Nobuto strips. Analysis of samples using a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed comparable results (>= 96% sensitivity for all methods) between sera stored at -30 C and the Nobuto strip preservation method even when the Nobuto strips were stored up to 3 mo at room temperature (RT). Significant differences were detected in the ratio of sample absorbance to negative control absorbance for Nobuto strips stored at RT compared with sera stored at -30 C, although these differences did not affect the ability of the test to reliably detect positive and negative samples. Nobuto strips are a convenient and sensitive alternative to the collection of serum samples when maintaining appropriate storage temperatures is difficult. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; Hall, Jeffrey S.; Nashold, Sean W.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HHSN266200700007C] FX This work has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under contract HHSN266200700007C. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 55 IS 4 BP 674 EP 676 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 868QQ UT WOS:000298539000020 PM 22312989 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Tallman, JA Jude, DJ Murphy, DM Brown, JE Stepien, CA AF Kocovsky, P. M. Tallman, J. A. Jude, D. J. Murphy, D. M. Brown, J. E. Stepien, C. A. TI Expansion of tubenose gobies Proterorhinus semilunaris into western Lake Erie and potential effects on native species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Corridor; mtDNA sequence; PCA; Substrate; Vegetation ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; INVASION GENETICS; RISK ANALYSIS; HABITAT USE; GOBIIDAE; FISHES; DANUBE; RIVER; ESTABLISHMENT AB The Eurasian freshwater tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris (formerly Proterorhinus marmoratus) invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes in the 1990s, presumably via ballast water from transoceanic cargo ships. Tubenose gobies spread throughout Lake St. Clair, its tributaries, and the Detroit River system, and also are present in the Duluth-Superior harbor of Lake Superior. Using seines and bottom trawls, we collected 113 tubenose gobies between July 2007 and August 2009 at several locations in western Lake Erie. The number and range of sizes of specimens collected suggest that that tubenose gobies have become established and self-sustaining in the western basin of Lake Erie. Tubenose gobies reached maximum densities in sheltered areas with abundant macrophyte growth, which also is their common habitat in native northern Black Sea populations. The diet of tubenose gobies was almost exclusively invertebrates, suggesting dietary overlap with other benthic fishes, such as darters (Etheostoma spp. and Percina sp.), madtoms (Noturus spp.), and sculpins (Cottus spp.). A single mitochondrial DNA haplotype was identified, which is the most common haplotype found in the original colonization area in the Lake St. Clair region, suggesting a founder effect. Tubenose gobies, like round gobies Neogobius melanostomus, have early life stages that drift owing to vertical migration, which probably allowed them to spread from areas of colonization. The Lake St. Clair-Lake Erie corridor appears to have served as an avenue for them to spread to the western basin of Lake Erie, and abundance of shallow macrophyte-rich habitats may be a key factor facilitating their further expansion within Lake Erie and the remainder of the Laurentian Great Lakes. C1 [Kocovsky, P. M.] US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Tallman, J. A.; Jude, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Murphy, D. M.; Brown, J. E.; Stepien, C. A.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. [Murphy, D. M.; Brown, J. E.; Stepien, C. A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-83281401-0]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0456972] FX We thank The Ohio State University Stone Laboratory personnel for their assistance in providing transportation to North and Middle Bass Islands for seining and John Gannon for assistance with seining. We thank Fred Snyder, Steven Gratz, and Ben Dieffenbaher for saving tubenose gobies from their seining activities around Gibraltar Island. Constructive reviews were provided by Carey Knight, Maureen Walsh, and two anonymous reviewers. Assistance with vessel operations and trawling was provided by Tim Cherry, Dale Hall, and Mike Porta. The genetic portion of this research was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency # CR-83281401-0 and National Science Foundation # DEB-0456972 to CAS. This article is Contribution 1623 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and Contribution 2011-01 from the Lake Erie Research Center. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2011 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2775 EP 2784 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-9962-5 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 870CD UT WOS:000298645800013 ER PT J AU Herrmann, RB Benz, H Ammon, CJ AF Herrmann, R. B. Benz, H. Ammon, C. J. TI Monitoring the Earthquake Source Process in North America SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SURFACE-WAVES; MOMENT TENSORS; UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC ZONE; STRESS; CONSTRAINTS; SEQUENCE; SPECTRA AB With the implementation of the USGS National Earthquake Information Center Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response system (PAGER), rapid determination of earthquake moment magnitude is essential, especially for earthquakes that are felt within the contiguous United States. We report an implementation of moment tensor processing for application to broad, seismically active areas of North America. This effort focuses on the selection of regional crustal velocity models, codification of data quality tests, and the development of procedures for rapid computation of the seismic moment tensor. We systematically apply these techniques to earthquakes with reported magnitude greater than 3.5 in continental North America that are not associated with a tectonic plate boundary. Using the 0.02-0.10 Hz passband, we can usually determine, with few exceptions, moment tensor solutions for earthquakes with M(w) as small as 3.7. The threshold is significantly influenced by the density of stations, the location of the earthquake relative to the seismic stations and, of course, the signal-to-noise ratio. With the existing permanent broadband stations in North America operated for rapid earthquake response, the seismic moment tensor of most earthquakes that are Mw 4 or larger can be routinely computed. As expected the nonuniform spatial pattern of these solutions reflects the seismicity pattern. However, the orientation of the direction of maximum compressive stress and the predominant style of faulting is spatially coherent across large regions of the continent. C1 [Herrmann, R. B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Benz, H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ammon, C. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Herrmann, RB (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, ONeil Hall,3642 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM rbh@eas.slu.edu; benz@usgs.gov; charlesammon@psu.edu FU USGS [05HQGR0047, 06HQGR0166]; NNSA [DOE DE-FC52-04NA25539] FX This work is the culmination of many years of development of tools for earthquake seismology research. Recent support has been from USGS Grants 05HQGR0047 and 06HQGR0166, NNSA Contract DOE DE-FC52-04NA25539. David Harkrider provided a program that gives group velocities from the Larson and Ekstrom (1999) predictions. G. Bensen provided his ground noise tomography results. J. Pechmann, of the University of Utah Seismograph Stations, provided the velocity model used to locate earthquakes in the Yellowstone region. This paper would not have been possible without the broadband seismic data acquired by the Geological Survey of Canada, the U.S. Geological Survey, the permanent and portable networks of IRIS, and the networks that are part of the USGS Advanced National Seismic System. We appreciate the reviews by William Stephenson and Morgan Moschetti. NR 36 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 101 IS 6 BP 2609 EP 2625 DI 10.1785/0120110095 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 862UE UT WOS:000298118800003 ER PT J AU Uhrhammer, RA Hellweg, M Hutton, K Lombard, P Walters, AW Hauksson, E Oppenheimer, D AF Uhrhammer, R. A. Hellweg, M. Hutton, K. Lombard, P. Walters, A. W. Hauksson, E. Oppenheimer, D. TI California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) Local Magnitude Determination in California and Vicinity SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WOOD-ANDERSON SEISMOGRAMS; RECORDS AB Determining local magnitude (M(L)) in a manner that is uniform and internally consistent for earthquakes throughout California and the vicinity is an important component of the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN). We present a new local magnitude attenuation function and corresponding station adjustments that are valid throughout California. The new attenuation function is an analytic function of the radial hypocentral distance between 1 and 500 km. Associated station adjustments are also available for 1185 horizontal seismometer and accelerometer channels from five seismic networks operating in California. The new attenuation function and adjustments provide several advantages to CISN. They allow a more robust M(L) computation, the M(L)s are more consistent between northern and southern California than they have been in the past, and because adjustments are now available for more station-network-channel-location codes (SNCLs), M(L)s can be computed for small earthquakes in more locations than was previously possible. In addition to describing our method for calibrating the new CISN M(L), we also present a tool for adding adjustments for new or upgraded stations. C1 [Uhrhammer, R. A.; Hellweg, M.; Lombard, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hutton, K.; Walters, A. W.; Hauksson, E.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oppenheimer, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Uhrhammer, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, 219 McCone Hall 4760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bob@seismo.berkeley.edu OI Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 FU California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA) FX We acknowledge the support of this study by the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN; www.cisn.org), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS; www.usgs.gov), and the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA; www.calema.ca.gov). NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 101 IS 6 BP 2685 EP 2693 DI 10.1785/0120100106 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 862UE UT WOS:000298118800009 ER EF