FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hunt, RJ Feinstein, DT AF Hunt, Randall J. Feinstein, Daniel T. TI MODFLOW-NWT: Robust Handling of Dry Cells Using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005 SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLOW C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Feinstein, Daniel T.] USGS, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), USGS, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; dtfeinst@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 659 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 032OP UT WOS:000310728900003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, KJ Happe, PJ Beirne, KF Hoffman, RA Griffin, PC Baccus, WT Fieberg, J AF Jenkins, Kurt J. Happe, Patricia J. Beirne, Katherine F. Hoffman, Roger A. Griffin, Paul C. Baccus, William T. Fieberg, John TI Recent Population Trends of Mountain Goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE population abundance; Oreamnos americanus; aerial survey; sightability; climate variation ID CLIMATE; RANGE; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC AB Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) were introduced in Washington's Olympic Mountains during the 1920s. The population subsequently increased in numbers and expanded in range, leading to concerns by the 1970s over the potential effects of non-native mountain goats on high-elevation plant communities in Olympic National Park. The National Park Service (NPS) transplanted mountain goats from the Olympic Mountains to other ranges between 1981 and 1989 as a means to manage overabundant populations, and began monitoring population trends of mountain goats in 1983. We estimated population abundance of mountain goats during 18-25 July 2011, the sixth survey of the time series, to assess current population status and responses of the population to past management. We surveyed 39 sample units, comprising 39% of the 59,615-ha survey area. We estimated a population of 344 +/- 72 (90% confidence interval [CI]) mountain goats in the survey area. Retrospective analysis of the 2004 survey, accounting for differences in survey area boundaries and methods of estimating aerial detection biases, indicated that the population increased at an average annual rate of 4.9% since the last survey. That is the first population growth observed since the cessation of population control measures in 1990. We postulate that differences in population trends observed in western, eastern, and southern sections of the survey zone reflected, in part, a variable influence of climate change across the precipitation gradient in the Olympic Mountains. C1 [Jenkins, Kurt J.; Griffin, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Fieberg, John] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. [Happe, Patricia J.; Beirne, Katherine F.; Hoffman, Roger A.; Baccus, William T.] Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. RP Jenkins, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov FU NPS Natural Resources Preservation Program Regional Block Grant; Olympic National Park FX This study was funded principally by the NPS Natural Resources Preservation Program Regional Block Grant through an interagency agreement to the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Additional funding was provided by Olympic National Park. We would like to thank Larry Nickey, Todd Rankin, Corky McKeown, Stephanie Frey, and the staffs at the Emergency Operations Center and Dispatch Office at Olympic National Park for their help in aviation planning and communications during the surveys. We are grateful to Trever Walker (Northwest Helicopters) for safely piloting all surveys. Douglas Houston and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. Lastly we appreciate the work of Douglas Houston, Bruce Moorhead, and Victoria Stevens, whose earlier studies built the foundation for ours. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 4 BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.3955/046.086.0403 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 028UX UT WOS:000310450500003 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR AF De Jager, Nathan R. TI EFFECTS OF FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DURATION ON THE ALLOMETRY OF COMMUNITY-LEVEL STEM SIZE-DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN A FLOODPLAIN FOREST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Allometry; community ecology; disturbance; flooding ID PLANT; DISTURBANCES; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; TREES AB Premise of the study: Consistent with the self-thinning law of plant population ecology, Niklas et al. in 2003 proposed that stem size-density distributions (SDDs) of multispecies forest communities should change in very predictable ways as a function of the effects of past disturbances on average tree size. To date, empirical tests of this hypothesis have not been pursued in floodplain settings. Methods: SDDs were constructed using tree stem-size and density data from forest plots positioned along a flood frequency and duration gradient in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain. Key Results: As flooding (both frequency and duration) increased, several small tree species were eliminated from forest plots and the persistent species increased in their size. Consistent with the predictions of Niklas et al., these changes corresponded with overall decreases in stem density, increases in average stem size, and reductions in both the Y-intercept and slope terms of the community-level SDDs. Conclusions: This study adds to a growing list of examples suggesting that theories related to forest community composition and biomass must account for both the broader effects of disturbances as well as the underlying biochemical processes that regulate plant growth. Further study is needed to fully address the role different disturbance frequencies play in determining plant density, diversity, average size, and associated size\frequency distributions. C1 USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program's Long Term Resources Monitoring Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program's Long Term Resources Monitoring Program, a partnership among four federal agencies: USACE, USEPA, USFWS, and USGS and five states: Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper were provided by John Pastor and Meredith Thomsen. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 34 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1572 EP 1576 DI 10.3732/ajb.1200169 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 004OA UT WOS:000308689800027 PM 22917947 ER PT J AU Knight, RR Gain, WS Wolfe, WJ AF Knight, Rodney R. Gain, W. Scott Wolfe, William J. TI Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological flow; hydrologic models; flow regime ID STANDARDIZED REGRESSION-COEFFICIENTS; ESTIMATION EXPERIMENT MOPEX; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; STREAMS AB Predictive equations were developed for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics within five major groups of flow variables (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins using stepbackward regression. Basin characteristics explain 50% or more of the variation for 12 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 78 of 304 cases (a > 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. Of these groups, the regional and climate variables were the most influential for determining hydrologic response. Daily temperature range, geologic factor, and rock depth were major factors explaining the variability in 17, 15, and 13 equations, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and the implication of streamflow to the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behaviour for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Knight, Rodney R.; Gain, W. Scott; Wolfe, William J.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Knight, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM rrknight@usgs.gov RI Knight, Rodney/C-5356-2013 OI Knight, Rodney/0000-0001-9588-0167 NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 5 BP 613 EP 627 DI 10.1002/eco.246 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 020UZ UT WOS:000309841400011 ER PT J AU Norling, W Jeske, CW Thigpen, TF Chadwick, PC AF Norling, Wayne Jeske, Clinton W. Thigpen, Tyler F. Chadwick, Paul C. TI Estimating Shorebird Populations during Spring Stopover in Rice Fields of the Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coastal Plain SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE habitat; populations; rice land; shorebirds; spring migration; wetlands ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; HABITAT USE; MIGRATING SHOREBIRDS; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; MANAGED WETLANDS; FALL MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; BAY; ECOLOGY; VALLEY AB Migrating shorebird populations using approximately 2% of Louisiana and Texas Gulf Coastal rice fields were surveyed during spring migration (March-May of 1997 and 1998) using biweekly stratified random surveys conducted at 50 roadside survey points and approximately 30,000 shorebirds were observed. Shorebird counts were extrapolated and almost 1.4 million birds in 1997 and over 1.6 million birds of 31 species in 1998 were estimated to use rice field habitat for stopover sites in Louisiana and Texas. Greater than 50% of the estimated North American populations were estimated to use rice field habitats for five species, including a species of concern, Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) at 187%. Because of predictability of suitable rice field habitat acreage, timing of field preparation and water availability, coastal rice prairies are identified as critical spring migration stopover sites. Received 21 September 2011, accepted 12 April 2012. C1 [Norling, Wayne; Jeske, Clinton W.; Thigpen, Tyler F.; Chadwick, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Thigpen, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM tylerfthigpen@gmail.com FU Gulf Coast joint Venture; U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) FX W. Hohman provided the initial concept and design of waterbird surveys conducted in this study. R. Benedict gave field and data analysis support. M. Solar assisted in data compilation. D. Bosler provided support in creating tables for the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Gulf Coast joint Venture and U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). USGS, National Wetlands Research staff gave logistical support. C. Cordes, S. King, A. Farmer, M. Osland and T. Charron provided manuscript comments. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 025JK UT WOS:000310184700001 ER PT J AU Palestis, BG Nisbet, ICT Hatch, JJ Szczys, P Spendelow, JA AF Palestis, Brian G. Nisbet, Ian C. T. Hatch, Jeremy J. Szczys, Patricia Spendelow, Jeffrey A. TI Morphometric Sexing of Northwest Atlantic Roseate Terns SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE discriminant function; female-female pair; morphometric sexing; Roseate Tern; sexual dimorphism; Sterna dougallii ID DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; FEMALE-FEMALE PAIRS; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; STERNA-DOUGALLII; SURVIVAL; RATIO; SIZE AB A difficulty in the study of monomorphic species is the inability of observers to visually distinguish females from males. Based on a sample of 745 known-sex birds nesting at Bird Island, MA, USA, a discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to sex Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) of the Northwest Atlantic population using morphological measurements. DFA using only the total length of the head (including the bill) correctly identified the sex of approximately 86% of the terns, which increased to 88% if both members of a pair were measured. Including additional measurements increased these percentages slightly, to 87% and 90%, respectively. These levels of accuracy are generally higher than those reported for other species of terns. Because female-female pairs are frequent in this population, one cannot assume that the member of a pair with the larger head is a male, and additional discriminant functions were developed to help separate female-female from male-female pairs. Received 29 August 2011, accepted 9 April 2012. C1 [Palestis, Brian G.] Wagner Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA. [Nisbet, Ian C. T.] ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. [Nisbet, Ian C. T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Szczys, Patricia] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Biol, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. [Spendelow, Jeffrey A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Palestis, BG (reprint author), Wagner Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Campus Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA. EM bpalesti@wagner.edu FU New Bedford Harbor Trustee Council; Massachusetts Audubon Society; Island Foundation; National Science Foundation [BIR-9322162]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wagner College FX T. Sabo sexed most of the birds and P.J. Lynch provided a photograph. We thank J. Arnold, R. M. Erwin and the referees for comments on the manuscript, and C. Mostello, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Town of Marion for logistic support and permission to work at Bird Island. Partial financial support was provided by die New Bedford Harbor Trustee Council, Massachusetts Audubon Society, Island Foundation, National Science Foundation (BIR-9322162), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey and Wagner College. "Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government." NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 479 EP 484 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 025JK UT WOS:000310184700012 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Gude, PH Landenburger, L Haroldson, MA Podruzny, S AF Schwartz, Charles C. Gude, Patricia H. Landenburger, Lisa Haroldson, Mark A. Podruzny, Shannon TI Impacts of rural development on Yellowstone wildlife: linking grizzly bear Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential growth SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bears; landscape planning; land-use change; rural development; Ursus arctos ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE; EXURBAN DEVELOPMENT; PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Exurban development is consuming wildlife habitat within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem with potential consequences to the long-term conservation of grizzly bears Ursus arctos. We assessed the impacts of alternative future land-use scenarios by linking an existing regression-based simulation model predicting rural development with a spatially explicit model that predicted bear survival. Using demographic criteria that predict population trajectory, we portioned habitats into either source or sink, and projected the loss of source habitat associated with four different build out (new home construction) scenarios through 2020. Under boom growth, we predicted that 12 km(2) of source habitat were converted to sink habitat within the Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone (RZ), 189 km(2) were converted within the current distribution of grizzly bears outside of the RZ, and 289 km(2) were converted in the area outside the RZ identified as suitable grizzly bear habitat. Our findings showed that extremely low densities of residential development created sink habitats. We suggest that tools, such as those outlined in this article, in addition to zoning and subdivision regulation may prove more practical, and the most effective means of retaining large areas of undeveloped land and conserving grizzly bear source habitat will likely require a landscape-scale approach. We recommend a focus on land conservation efforts that retain open space (easements, purchases and trades) coupled with the implementation of 'bear community programmes' on an ecosystem wide basis in an effort to minimize huthan-bear conflicts, minimize management-related bear mortalities associated with preventable conflicts and to safeguard human communities. Our approach has application to other species and areas, and it has illustrated how spatially explicit demographic models can be combined with models predicting land-use change to help focus conservation priorities. C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Landenburger, Lisa; Haroldson, Mark A.; Podruzny, Shannon] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gude, Patricia H.] Headwaters Econ, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; patty@headwaterseconomics.org; lalandenburger@fs.fed.us; mark_haroldson@usgs.gov; shannon_podruzny@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center FX we thank K. Barber for providing GIS layers beyond the recovery zone. We thank K.K. West and J.L. Kershner for constructive reviews of earlier drafts. We appreciate efforts of J. Hilly and C. Servheen who served as preliminary reviewers of the draft manuscript as part of the U.S.G.S. Fundamental Sciences Practices requirement. Our study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center. Our study complied with current laws of the United States of America, was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines, and was approved by the United States Geological Survey Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 68 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.2981/11-060 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 018VW UT WOS:000309695800003 ER PT J AU Halbert, ND Gogan, PJP Hedrick, PW Wahl, JM Derr, JN AF Halbert, Natalie D. Gogan, Peter J. P. Hedrick, Philip W. Wahl, Jacquelyn M. Derr, James N. TI Yellowstone Bison Genetics: Let Us Move Forward SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article C1 [Halbert, Natalie D.; Wahl, Jacquelyn M.; Derr, James N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gogan, Peter J. P.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Hedrick, Philip W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Derr, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jderr@cvm.tamu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 103 IS 5 BP 754 EP 755 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess051 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 020BH UT WOS:000309783100016 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG Stebbings, JL AF MacCracken, James G. Stebbings, Jennifer L. TI Test of a Body Condition Index with Amphibians SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST FLOOR VERTEBRATES; HEADWATER SALAMANDER; ESTIMATING FITNESS; RESIDUALS VS.; METAMORPHOSIS; MASS; WASHINGTON; REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB We conducted experimental feeding trials with larval and juvenile Bullfrogs (Litho bates catesbeianus) and Rough-skinned Newts (Taricha granulosa) to assess the accuracy of the scaled mass index (SMI). A control group was fed and a treatment group was starved within a randomized block design. After each of three trials, amphibian tissues were analyzed for lipid, protein, and water content. Mean pretreatment wet weight and SMI of individuals of each species and body form, representing two populations of equal body condition, were similar between control and treatment groups. Starved animals, representing a population in poor condition, had a 17-32% lower SMI than fed animals. Scaled fat and protein or lean mass were strongly correlated (r = 0.85-0.99) with SMI compared with percentages of fat, protein, or lean mass (r = 0.08-0.60). The SMI accurately reflected amphibian energy stores, but the depletion of energy stores differed by species and body form, with tadpoles retaining fat and the other species and body forms depleting fat stores. In addition, factors that we controlled in the laboratory (e.g., hydration, gut fill, reproductive state) may alter mass-length relationships in the field, so we advise collecting some specimens for body composition analyses to ensure the accuracy of the SMI when used in other applications. C1 [MacCracken, James G.; Stebbings, Jennifer L.] Longview Timberlands LLC, Longview, WA 98632, Australia. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 341, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_maccracken@fws.gov NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 69 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1670/10-292 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 017UX UT WOS:000309617600009 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, FJ Cherkiss, MS Brandt, LA Fujisaki, I Hart, K Jeffery, B McMurry, ST Platt, SG Rainwater, TR Vinci, J AF Mazzotti, Frank J. Cherkiss, Michael S. Brandt, Laura A. Fujisaki, Ikuko Hart, Kristen Jeffery, Brian McMurry, Scott T. Platt, Steven G. Rainwater, Thomas R. Vinci, Joy TI Body Condition of Morelet's Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from Northern Belize SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; CONDITION INDEXES; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; DIET; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY AB Body condition factors have been used as an indicator of health and well-being of crocodilians. We evaluated body condition of More let's Crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) in northern Belize in relation to biotic (size, sex, and habitat) and abiotic (location, water level, and air temperature) factors. We also tested the hypothesis that high water levels and warm temperatures combine or interact to result in a decrease in body condition. Size class, temperature, and water level explained 20% of the variability in condition of More let's Crocodiles in this study. We found that adult crocodiles had higher condition scores than juveniles/subadults but that sex, habitat, and site had no effect. We confirmed our hypothesis that warm temperatures and high water levels interact to decrease body condition. We related body condition of More let's Crocodiles to natural fluctuations in air temperatures and water levels in northern Belize, providing baseline conditions for population and ecosystem monitoring. C1 [Mazzotti, Frank J.; Cherkiss, Michael S.; Fujisaki, Ikuko; Jeffery, Brian; Vinci, Joy] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Platt, Steven G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Mazzotti, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM fjma@ufl.edu FU Wildlife Conservation Society; Texas Tech University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of Florida; Lamanai Field Research Center; Lacoste/Save Your Logo Fund FX Numerous institutions supported this work. Research permits were kindly granted by the Belize Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Department. We thank the Wildlife Conservation Society, Texas Tech University, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, University of Florida, the Lamanai Field Research Center, and the Lacoste/Save Your Logo Fund for financial support. R. Noonan is thanked for providing access to Gold Button Ranch and for accommodations. We thank the owners and managers of Lamanai Outpost Lodge (LOL), C. Howells, M. Howells, B. Manzanilla, and M. Howells for supporting the Morelet's Crocodile research project from its inception. We are also grateful to all of the former and current naturalists and guides at LOL including M. Aguilar, R. Arevalo, B. Cruz, L. Gonzales, A. Santos, J. Torres, G. Vasquez, and R. Manzanilla. Without the continued support of LOL this work could not have been done. The following individuals assisted with fieldwork: K. Brown, T. Brown, B. Cullerton, T. Card, S. Lawson, J. Marlin, K. Marlin, L. Medlock, J. Meerman, M. Mulligan, J. Thorbjarnarson, and C. Tupper. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), nor the U.S. Department of the Interior, and any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1670/11-188 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 017UX UT WOS:000309617600011 ER PT J AU Kuwabara, JS Topping, BR Carter, JL Wood, TM Cameron, JM Asbill-Case, JR Carlson, RA AF Kuwabara, James S. Topping, Brent R. Carter, James L. Wood, Tamara M. Cameron, Jason M. Asbill-Case, Jessica R. Carlson, Rick A. TI Changes in benthic nutrient sources within a wetland after hydrologic reconnection SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic invertebrate; Eutrophication; Trace element; Sediment pore water; Wetlands ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; LOST RIVER SUCKERS; COEUR-DALENE LAKE; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RESTORATION WETLAND; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AMMONIA TOXICITY; DAM REMOVAL; ELEVATED PH; OREGON AB Removing dams and levees to restore hydrologic connectivity and enhance ecosystem services such as nutrient removal has been an increasingly common management practice. In the present study, the authors assessed geochemical and biological changes following engineered levee breaches that reconnected eutrophic Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, Oregon, USA, to an adjacent, historic wetland that had been under agricultural use for the last seven decades. Over the three-year study, the reconnected wetland served as a benthic source for both macronutrients (dissolved organic carbon [DOC], soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP], and ammonia) and micronutrients (dissolved iron and manganese). The magnitude of those benthic sources was similar to or greater than that of allochthonous sources. The highest DOC benthic flux to the water column occurred immediately after rewetting occurred. It then decreased during the present study to levels more similar to the adjacent lake. Dissolved ammonia fluxes, initially negative after the levee breaches, became consistently positive through the remainder of the study. Nitrate fluxes, also initially negative, became negligible two years after the levee breaches. In contrast to previous laboratory studies, SRP fluxes remained positive, as did fluxes of dissolved iron and manganese. Our results indicate that the timescales of chemical changes following hydrologic reconnection of wetlands are solute-specific and in some cases extend for multiple years beyond the reconnection event. During the present study, colonization of the reconnected wetlands by aquatic benthic invertebrates gradually generated assemblages similar to those in a nearby wetland refuge and provided further evidence of the multiyear transition of this area to permanent aquatic habitat. Such timescales should be considered when developing water-quality management strategies to achieve wetland-restoration goals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 19952013. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Kuwabara, James S.; Topping, Brent R.; Carter, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wood, Tamara M.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Cameron, Jason M.; Asbill-Case, Jessica R.; Carlson, Rick A.] US Bur Reclamat, Klamath Basin Area Off, Klamath Falls, OR USA. RP Kuwabara, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kuwabara@usgs.gov OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 FU Klamath Basin Area Office of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [06AA204159]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area FX S. Vanderkooi and other personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Field Office in Klamath Falls, Oregon and from the USGS Oregon Water Science Center provided critical logistical support. D. Ciotti, A. Dolan-Caret, S. Eldridge, A. Engelstad, S. Fend, S. Foster, K. Kannarr, M. Lindenberg, F. Parchaso, and G. Schanzenbacher participated extensively in field studies and laboratory analyses. Reviews by Nature Conservancy scientists (A. Aldous, M. Stern, H. Hendrixson, and S. Wong) contributed significantly. The Klamath Basin Rangeland Trust and M. Gannett provided tributary-discharge measurements for load determinations. M. Croteau, T. Kulp, and K. Garrett also provided constructive review comments. The Klamath Basin Area Office of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (funding agreement 06AA204159), the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the National Research Program of the USGS Water Mission Area supported the present study. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1995 EP 2013 DI 10.1002/etc.1914 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 994NW UT WOS:000307938500011 PM 22707141 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA AF Bargar, Timothy A. TI The relationship between total cholinesterase activity and mortality in four butterfly species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Organophosphate; Field Monitoring; Butterflies; Naled; Cholinesterase; Toxicity ID INHIBITING PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; BIOMARKERS; FISH; INSECTICIDES; TOXICITY; BIRDS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CONTAMINATION; MECHANISMS AB The relationship between total cholinesterase activity (TChE) and mortality in four butterfly species (great southern white [Ascia monuste], common buckeye [Junonia coenia], painted lady [Vanessa cardui], and julia butterflies [Dryas julia]) was investigated. Acute contact toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the response (median lethal dose [LD50] and TChE) of the four species following exposure to the organophosphate insecticide naled. The LD50 for these butterflies ranged from 2.3 to 7.6?mu g/g. The average level of TChE inhibition associated with significant mortality ranged from 26 to 67%, depending on the species. The lower bounds of normal TChE activity (2 standard deviations less than the average TChE for reference butterflies) ranged from 8.4 to 12.3?mu M/min/g. As a percentage of the average reference TChE activity for the respective species, the lower bounds were similar to the inhibition levels associated with significant mortality, indicating there was little difference between the dose resulting in significant TChE inhibition and that resulting in mortality. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 21242129. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM tbargar@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Shady Oak Butterfly Farm provided butterflies for the acute toxicity tests. AMVAC Chemical Corporation provided the end use product (Dibrom) for use in the acute toxicity tests. D. Tillit and M. Hooper of U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, graciously permitted use of laboratory space and provided guidance for the conduct of the assays. H. Zhong from Florida A&M University and R. Pierce of Mote Marine Laboratory provided confirmation analyses of the dose solutions. Special thanks to several anonymous reviewers who provided very beneficial suggestions. Funding for the present study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Contaminant Biology Program and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2124 EP 2129 DI 10.1002/etc.1927 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 994NW UT WOS:000307938500027 PM 22740147 ER PT J AU Qian, SS Cuffney, TF McMahon, G AF Qian, Song S. Cuffney, Thomas F. McMahon, Gerald TI Multinomial regression for analyzing macroinvertebrate assemblage composition data SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE generalized linear model; multinomial distribution; urbanization; species tolerance; functional groups; benthic macroinvertebrates; disturbance; multinomial regression ID 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; URBAN; URBANIZATION; STREAMS; RESPONSES; USA; INVERTEBRATE; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Macroinvertebrate species composition data are often expressed as proportional abundances when assessing water-quality conditions or responses to disturbance. Proportional abundances represent the probability of belonging to one of many mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups (taxa). Proportional abundances have some unique properties that must be considered when analyzing these data: 1) the probabilities of group membership must sum to 1 and 2) a change in any 1 group affects all other groups. We used multinomial regressions to analyze changes in proportional abundances along gradients of urbanization in 9 metropolitan areas across the USA. Multinomial regression can be used to address multiple nonlinear responses simultaneously, whereas simple linear regressions must be used to analyze linear or polynomial responses of each group independently. We established that: 1) abundance ratios of tolerant and moderately tolerant groups responded consistently (3-5% increase in the ratios for every 1% increase in developed land cover in the watershed) across the urban gradient, 2) functional groups did not change significantly, and 3) ratios based on assemblage metrics were better indicators of environmental disturbance than ratios based on individual taxa. Multinomial regression, with its flexible model form, can capture patterns of species succession along a resource or stressor gradient. Our results also demonstrate that users of multinomial regression may encounter numerical problems with rare taxa, especially when these taxa have a complete separation along the gradient. Consequently, multinomial regressions are more suitable for analyzing aggregations of taxa or taxon traits. C1 [Qian, Song S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [McMahon, Gerald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, SE Climate Sci Ctr, Dept Interior, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Qian, SS (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Mail Stop 604,2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM mdqian@gmail.com; tcuffney@usgs.gov; gmcmahon@usgs.gov FU USGS through an USGS-Duke University [08HQAG0121] FX We thank Roxolana Kashuba and Ibrahim Alameddine for their insightful discussions and comments. Comments and suggestions from Lester Yuan and John Van Sickle, who provided formal reviews of an early version of this manuscript, are greatly appreciated. The research was completed while SSQ was partially supported by the USGS through an USGS-Duke University corporative agreement (08HQAG0121). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1899/11-026.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100001 ER PT J AU Wang, RJ Li, C Stoeckel, J Moyer, G Liu, ZJ Peatman, E AF Wang, Ruijia Li, Chao Stoeckel, James Moyer, Gregory Liu, Zhanjiang Peatman, Eric TI Rapid development of molecular resources for a freshwater mussel, Villosa lienosa (Bivalvia: Unionidae), using an RNA-seq-based approach SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mussel; RNA-seq; transcriptome; heat stress; microsatellite; next-generation sequencing; Unionidae ID HEAT-SHOCK; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; GENUS; AMPLIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; ANNOTATION AB Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are among the most endangered groups of organisms in the world, and their conservation and recovery are priorities throughout North America, especially the southeastern USA. We used a ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach to develop molecular resources for Villosa lienosa, the little spectaclecase. We sequenced barcoded samples (Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform) and assembled (Trans-ABySS) 778,234 contigs (average length = 707.5 base pairs [bp]) from 162 million filtered reads. We identified 23,742 unigene hits against the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant database and 36,582 microsatellites with sufficient flanking sequence for primer design. Microsatellite validation indicated a 36% polymorphic rate (16/44 tested markers) in the tested population (26 individuals; mean = 5 alleles/marker). Analysis of differentially expressed genes between heat-stressed and untreated controls enabled us to identify 604 genes involved in stress-response pathways. Real-time polymerase chain reaction validation of gene-expression results using individual samples confirmed RNA-seq patterns (r = 0.847, p < 0.001). RNA-seq is a powerful tool for rapid development of molecular resources in nonmodel species, and our study is the first large-scale transcriptome project in freshwater mussels. The validated microsatellite set and stress-associated genes are being used in parentage analysis and health-assessment surveys to support mussel conservation. C1 [Wang, Ruijia; Li, Chao; Liu, Zhanjiang; Peatman, Eric] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wang, Ruijia; Li, Chao; Liu, Zhanjiang; Peatman, Eric] Auburn Univ, Aquat Genom Unit, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Stoeckel, James] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Molluscan & Crustacean Ecol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Moyer, Gregory] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Peatman, E (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM rzw0010@tigermail.auburn.edu; czl0020@tigermail.auburn.edu; jas0018@auburn.edu; greg_moyer@fws.gov; liuzhan@auburn.edu; peatmer@auburn.edu FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX We thank Huseyin Kucuktas, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Fanyue Sun, Luyang Sun, Jianguo Lu, and Shikai Liu for their technical assistance in various experiments and for critical reading of the manuscript. Ruijia Wang was supported by a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for studying abroad. Use of trade names throughout the manuscript does not constitute endorsement by the US government. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 28 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 695 EP 708 DI 10.1899/11-149.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TS Clements, WH Cade, BS AF Schmidt, Travis S. Clements, William H. Cade, Brian S. TI Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantile regression; population; metals; risk; biological assessment ID HEAVY-METALS; COMMUNITY RESPONSES; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; ARKANSAS RIVER; INSECTS; TOXICITY; COLORADO; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOASSESSMENT; POPULATION AB One of the primary goals of biological assessment is to assess whether contaminants or other stressors limit the ecological potential of running waters. It is important to interpret responses to contaminants relative to other environmental factors, but necessity or convenience limit quantification of all factors that influence ecological potential. In these situations, the concept of limiting factors is useful for data interpretation. We used quantile regression to measure risks to aquatic life exposed to metals by including all regression quantiles (tau = 0.05-0.95, by increments of 0.05), not just the upper limit of density (e. g., 90th quantile). We measured population densities (individuals/0.1 m(2)) of 2 mayflies (Rhithrogena spp., Drunella spp.) and a caddisfly (Arctopsyche grandis), aqueous metal mixtures (Cd, Cu, Zn), and other limiting factors (basin area, site elevation, discharge, temperature) at 125 streams in Colorado. We used a model selection procedure to test which factor was most limiting to density. Arctopsyche grandis was limited by other factors, whereas metals limited most quantiles of density for the 2 mayflies. Metals reduced mayfly densities most at sites where other factors were not limiting. Where other factors were limiting, low mayfly densities were observed despite metal concentrations. Metals affected mayfly densities most at quantiles above the mean and not just at the upper limit of density. Risk models developed from quantile regression showed that mayfly densities observed at background metal concentrations are improbable when metal mixtures are at US Environmental Protection Agency criterion continuous concentrations. We conclude that metals limit potential density, not realized average density. The most obvious effects on mayfly populations were at upper quantiles and not mean density. Therefore, we suggest that policy developed from mean-based measures of effects may not be as useful as policy based on the concept of limiting factors. C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80226 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80226 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80226 USA. EM tschmidt@usgs.gov; willc@warnercnr.colostate.edu; cadeb@usgs.gov RI Clements, William/N-2686-2016 FU USGS Central Colorado Assessment Project; Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship program; Central Region Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center; Colorado Water Science Center FX We thank James Terrell, Christopher Konrad, and anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Support for this research came from the USGS Central Colorado Assessment Project, the Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship program, Central Region Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center, and the Colorado Water Science Center. Disclaimer: any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 709 EP 723 DI 10.1899/11-133.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 021SG UT WOS:000309905100003 ER PT J AU Hvidberg, CS Fishbaugh, KE Winstrup, M Svensson, A Byrne, S Herkenhoff, KE AF Hvidberg, C. S. Fishbaugh, K. E. Winstrup, M. Svensson, A. Byrne, S. Herkenhoff, K. E. TI Reading the climate record of the martian polar layered deposits SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, polar caps; Mars, climate; Mars, atmosphere; Mars, polar geology ID ICE AGES; MARS; CAP; STRATIGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; EXPLORATION; SCIENCE; REGION AB The martian polar regions have layered deposits of ice and dust. The stratigraphy of these deposits is exposed within scarps and trough walls and is thought to have formed due to climate variations in the past. Insolation has varied significantly over time and caused dramatic changes in climate, but it has remained unclear whether insolation variations could be linked to the stratigraphic record. We present a model of layer formation based on physical processes that expresses polar deposition rates of ice and dust in terms of insolation. In this model, layer formation is controlled by the insolation record, and dust-rich layers form by two mechanisms: (1) increased summer sublimation during high obliquity, and (2) variations in the polar deposition of dust modulated by obliquity variations. The model is simple, yet physically plausible, and allows for investigations of the climate control of the polar layered deposits (PLD). We compare the model to a stratigraphic column obtained from the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) (Fishbaugh, K.E., Hvidberg, CS., Byrne, S., Russel, P.S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Winstrup, M., Kirk, R. 120104 Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07201) and show that the model can be tuned to reproduce complex layer sequences. The comparison with observations cannot uniquely constrain the PLD chronology, and it is limited by our interpretation of the observed stratigraphic column as a proxy for NPLD composition. We identified, however, a set of parameters that provides a chronology of the NPLD tied to the insolation record and consistently explains layer formation in accordance with observations of NPLD stratigraphy. This model dates the top 500 m of the NPLD back to similar to 1 million years with an average net deposition rate of ice and dust of 0.55 mm a(-1). The model stratigraphy contains a quasi-periodic similar to 30 m cycle, similar to a previously suggested cycle in brightness profiles from the NPLD (Laskar, J., Levrard, B., Mustard, F.[2002]. Nature, 419, 375-377; Milkovich, S., Head, J.W. [2005]. J. Geophys. Res. 110), but here related to half of the obliquity cycles of 120 and 99 kyr and resulting from a combination of the two layer formation mechanisms. Further investigations of the non-linear Insolation control of PLD formation should consider data from other geographical locations and include radar data and other stratigraphic datasets that can constrain the composition and stratigraphy of the NPLD layers. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hvidberg, C. S.; Winstrup, M.; Svensson, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Fishbaugh, K. E.] Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Byrne, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hvidberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Mules Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM ch@gfy.ku.dk RI Svensson, Anders/A-2643-2010; Winstrup, Mai/M-5844-2014; Hvidberg, Christine/E-8934-2015 OI Svensson, Anders/0000-0002-4364-6085; Winstrup, Mai/0000-0002-4794-4004; Hvidberg, Christine/0000-0002-9665-1339 FU Danish National Research Foundation under Centre for Ice and Climate at University of Copenhagen; International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern FX This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation under Centre for Ice and Climate at University of Copenhagen. Thanks to the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern for supporting workshops under the KEF-led team "Are the martian Polar Deposits a Rosetta Stone for the climate?" We thank Taylor Perron and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 221 IS 1 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.009 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 017VV UT WOS:000309620200035 ER PT J AU Luent, MC Collins, M Jeske, C Leberg, P AF Luent, Margaret C. Collins, Melissa Jeske, Clinton Leberg, Paul TI Prevalence of a Potentially Lethal Parasite of Wading Birds in Natural and Agricultural Wetlands in South Louisiana SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EUSTRONGYLIDES-IGNOTUS; MOSQUITOFISH; FLORIDA; EPIZOOTIOLOGY AB Gambusia affinis (Western Mosquitofish) were sampled from 18 sites representing marsh, forested wetlands, and agricultural wetlands in south Louisiana to determine distribution and infection parameters of Eustrongylides ignotus, a potentially lethal nematode parasite of wading birds. (n = 400 per site). Overall, prevalence of infection was 0.3%, with significantly higher prevalence in agricultural wetlands than in marshes or swamps. Our findings are similar to work in Florida suggesting parasite prevalence is higher in disturbed wetlands, and suggest that birds foraging in crayfish ponds and rice fields may be at increased risk of exposure. C1 [Luent, Margaret C.; Leberg, Paul] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Collins, Melissa] US Geol Survey, IAP World Serv Inc, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Jeske, Clinton] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Luent, MC (reprint author), Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 102 Magnate Dr,Suite 201, Lafayette, LA 70508 USA. EM mluent@wlf.la.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1656/058.011.0305 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017OJ UT WOS:000309599500005 ER PT J AU Valente, JJ King, SL Wilson, RR AF Valente, Jonathon J. King, Sammy L. Wilson, R. Randy TI Summer use of Rice Fields by Secretive Marsh Birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Northeast Louisiana SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; AGRICULTURAL WETLANDS; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; SITE OCCUPANCY; HABITAT USE; WATERBIRDS; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; RAILS AB Many secretive marsh bird (SMB) species nest within rice fields, yet in most regions we do not understand the extent to which these birds use such habitats. In the summers of 2007 and 2008, we investigated summer use of rice fields by SMBs in north-east Louisiana and evaluated the local (within 100 m) and landscape (within 1 km) habitat characteristics influencing site selection. We did not encounter any SMB species in 2007, but we encountered low densities of Ixobrychus exilis (Least Bitterns), Rallus elegans (King Rails), and Fulica americana (American Coots) in mid-July of 2008. It is unclear whether or not the birds we detected were actually breeding in the rice fields, or merely using them as late summer foraging areas. When we combined detections of all species, we found that probability of occupancy was positively influenced by the proportion of the local habitat dominated by flooded ditches containing herbaceous emergent vegetation. Ditches likely provide refuge and resource alternatives that may be particularly important to these birds in the late summer when rice fields are drained and harvested. However, given that SMBs were detected at less than 10% of the 72 rice fields we surveyed, it appears as though Mississippi Alluvial Valley rice fields contribute very little toward supporting SMB populations. C1 [Valente, Jonathon J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wilson, R. Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. RP Valente, JJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jonathon.J.Valente@gmail.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant [T-41-R] FX We kindly thank L. Philley, E. Davis, and Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge for allowing us to use their farms for our study. We also thank J.A. Nyman, P. Stouffer, K. McCarter, and B. Strader for their intellectual contributions. Reviews provided by S. Pierluissi, D. Krementz, P. Leberg, and two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. Lastly, we thank C. Duplechain, D. Crawford, E. DeLeon, T. Gancos, E. Hunter, J. Unger, J. Keiser, M. Osinskie, J. Russell, R. Villani, H. Gee, B. Pickens, P. Newell, S.R. Kang, and J. Davis for their assistance. This project was funded by US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant T-41-R, which was administered by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological Survey. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1656/058.011.0306 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 017OJ UT WOS:000309599500006 ER PT J AU Chapman, A Kofron, CP AF Chapman, Angela Kofron, Christopher P. TI Nonresident birds in tropical wet sclerophyll forest, northeast Queensland, Australia SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; birds; Queensland; seasons; tall open forest; tropical; wet clerophyll forest; wet tropics AB Ten bird species were quantified as nonresidents in tropical wet sclerophyll forest, northeast Queensland, Australia: the banded honeyeater Certhionyx pectoralis (Gould, 1841), leaden flycatcher Myiagra rubecula (Latham, 1801), white-throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1802), black-faced monarch Monarcha melanopsis (Vieillot, 1818), shining bronze-cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus (Gmelin, 1788), satin flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca (Vieillot, 1818), spangled drongo Dicrurus bracteatus (Gould, 1842), slender-billed cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris (Jardine, 1831), satin bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus (Vieillot, 1816), and mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Shaw & Nodder, 1792). These nonresident species comprised 23% of the abundant and common bird species (n = 44) in the tropical wet sclerophyll forest during our study period (September 1995-October 1997). The greatest density of nonresident birds (0.674 individuals/ha) was during January-February (mid-late summer, wet season) when nine of the species were present. In contrast, the lowest density of nonresident birds (0.058 individuals/ha) was during July-August (mid-late winter, dry season) when only three of the species were present. As climate change continues, we expect that the arrival and departure times, the lengths of stay, and the elevational distributions of the nonresident birds in the tropical wet sclerophyll forest will shift. Our study contributes to the baseline against which future studies of the 10 nonresident bird species can be compared. C1 [Chapman, Angela] Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Biol Program, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Chapman, Angela] Univ Queensland, Dept Anat Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Chapman, Angela] CSIRO Trop Forest Res Ctr, Atherton, Qld, Australia. [Kofron, Christopher P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Chapman, A (reprint author), Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Biol Program, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. EM angela.chapman@csuci.edu FU University of Queensland, an Australian Postgraduate Research Award; Wet Tropics Management Authority; Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management; CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre; The Queensland Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided to A. Chapman by the University of Queensland, an Australian Postgraduate Research Award, the Wet Tropics Management Authority, the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management, and the CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre. The Queensland Department of Natural Resources in Atherton granted permission to traverse the State Forests. K.D. Sanderson and Matt Bradford assisted in the field. Peter F. Woodall and Graham N. Harrington provided guidance and advice throughout the study. We benefited from discussions with David A. Westcott, Anthony K. Irvine and Steve Comport. Without the generous assistance of all those mentioned, this project could not have been accomplished. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU CENTRO STUDIO FAUNISTICA ECOLOGIA TROPICALI, C N R PI FLORENCE PA VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-6975 J9 TROP ZOOL JI Trop. Zool. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1080/03946975.2012.716278 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 025OP UT WOS:000310200900002 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, FJ Gilkerson, W Black, JM Ward, DH Petrie, M AF Shaughnessy, Frank J. Gilkerson, Whelan Black, Jeffrey M. Ward, David H. Petrie, Mark TI Predicted eelgrass response to sea level rise and its availability to foraging Black Brant in Pacific coast estuaries SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Brant geese; Branta bernicla; eelgrass; Pacific estuaries; sea level rise; sediment; tectonic change; Zostcra marina ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; BRENT GEESE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; DABBLING DUCKS; IZEMBEK LAGOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUMBOLDT BAY; BOUNDARY BAY AB Managers need to predict how animals will respond to habitat redistributions caused by climate change. Our objective was to model the effects of sea level rise on total eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitat area and on the amount of that area that is accessible to Brant geese (Branta bernicla), specialist grazers of celgrass. Digital elevation models were developed for seven estuaries from Alaska, Washington, California (USA), and Mexico. Scenarios of future total eelgrass area were derived from combinations of estuarine specific sediment and tectonic rates (i.e., bottom change rate) with three rates of eustatic sea level rise (ESLR). Percentages of total eelgrass areas that were accessible to foraging Brant were determined for December when the birds overwinter at more southerly sites and in April as they move north to sites where they build body stores on their way to nesting areas in Alaska. The modeling showed that accessible eelgrass area could be lower than total area due to how daytime low-tide height, eelgrass shoot length, and the upper elevation of eelgrass determined Brant-reaching depth. Projections of future eelgrass area indicated that present-day ESLR (2.8 mm/yr) and bottom change rates should sustain the current pattern of estuarine use by Brant except in Morro Bay, where use should decrease because eelgrass is being ejected from this estuary by a positive bottom change rate. Higher ESLR rates (6.3 and 12.7 mm/yr) should result in less Brant use of estuaries at the northern and southern ends of the flyway, particularly during the winter, but more use of mid-latitude estuaries. The capacity of mid-latitude estuaries to function as Brant feeding refugia, or for these estuaries and Izembek Lagoon to provide drift rather than attached leaves, is eventually limited by the decrease in total eelgrass area, which is a result of a light extinction affect on the eelgrass, or the habitat being pushed out of the estuary by positive tectonic rates. Management responses are limited to the increase or decrease of sediment supply and the relocation of levees to allow for upslope migration of eelgrass habitat. C1 [Shaughnessy, Frank J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Gilkerson, Whelan] Pacific Watershed Associates, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Black, Jeffrey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Waterfowl Ecol Res Grp, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ward, David H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Petrie, Mark] Ducks Unltd, Western Reg Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Shaughnessy, FJ (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM frank.shaughnessy@humboldt.edu RI Reg, Last/C-2216-2013 FU Pacific Coast Joint Venture FX We are grateful to R. Thom, A. Borde, and A. Gillespie for their suggestions and discussions about model inputs-for Morro Bay, Willapa Bay, and the Padilla Bay complex. The text benefited from reviews and discussions with P. Clausen, J. Sedinger, J. Anderson, and one anonymous reviewer. We thank the Pacific Coast Joint Venture for funding this project. Use of trade names does not imply government endorsement. NR 104 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1743 EP 1761 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 015HN UT WOS:000309437100004 PM 23092012 ER PT J AU Box, SE Bookstrom, AA Anderson, RG AF Box, Stephen E. Bookstrom, Arthur A. Anderson, Robert G. TI Origins of Mineral Deposits, Belt-Purcell Basin, United States and Canada: An Introduction SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDAHO COBALT BELT; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; TOBACCO-ROOT MOUNTAINS; DALENE MINING DISTRICT; CU-AG DEPOSIT; WESTERN MONTANA; PLATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; BLACKBIRD DISTRICT; ORE-DEPOSITS C1 [Box, Stephen E.; Bookstrom, Arthur A.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99203 USA. [Anderson, Robert G.] Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada. RP Box, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 904 W Riverside Ave,Room 202, Spokane, WA 99203 USA. EM shox@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1088 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300001 ER PT J AU Slack, JF AF Slack, John F. TI Strata-Bound Fe-Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE Deposits of the Idaho Cobalt Belt: Multistage Hydrothermal Mineralization in a Magmatic-Related Iron Oxide Copper-Gold System SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; BLACKBIRD DISTRICT; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; UNITED-STATES; AUGEN GNEISS; ORE-DEPOSITS; MONAZITE; ORIGIN AB Mineralogical and geochemical studies of strata-bound Fe-Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-rare-earth element (BEE) deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt in east-central Idaho provide evidence of multistage epigenetic mineralization by magmatic-hydrothermal processes in an iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) system. Deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt comprise three types: (1) strata-bound sulfide lenses in the Blackbird district, which are cobaltite and, less commonly, chalcopyrite rich with locally abundant gold, native bismuth, bismuthinite, xenotime, allanite, monazite, and the Be-rich silicate gadolinite-(Y), with sparse uraninite, stannite, and Bi tellurides, in a gangue of quartz, chlorite, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, chloritoid, and/or siderite, with locally abundant fluorapatite or magnetite; (2) discordant tourmalinized breccias in the Blackbird district that in places have concentrations of cobaltite, chalcopyrite, gold, and xenotime; and (3) strata-bound magnetite-rich lenses in the Iron Creek area, which contain cobaltiferous pyrite and locally sparse chalcopyrite or xenotime. Most sulfide-rich deposits in the Blackbird district are enclosed by strata-bound lenses composed mainly of Cl-rich Fe biotite; some deposits have quartz-rich envelopes. Whole-rock analyses of 48 Co- and/or Cu-rich samples show high concentrations of Au (up to 26.8 ppm), Bi (up to 9.16 wt %), Y (up to 0.83 wt %), Sigma REEs (up to 2.56 wt To), Ni (up to 6,780 ppm), and Be (up to 1,180 ppm), with locally elevated U (up to 1.24 ppm) and Sn (up to 133 ppm); Zn and Pb contents are uniformly low ( 821 and ppm, respectively). Varimax factor analysis of bulk compositions of these samples reveals geochemically distinct element groupings that reflect statistical associations of monazite, allanite, and xenotime; biotite and gold; detrital minerals; chalcopyrite and sparse stannite; quartz; and cobaltite with sparse selenides and tellurides. Significantly, Cu is statistically separate from Co and As, consistent with the general lack of abundant chalcopyrite in cobaltite-rich samples. Paragenetic relations determined by scanning electron microscopy indicate that the earliest Y-REE-Be mineralization preceded deposition of Co, Cu, An, and Bi. Allanite, xenotime, and gadolinite-(Y) commonly occur as intergrowths with and inclusions in cobaltite; the opposite texture is rare. Monazite, in contrast, forms a poikiloblastic matrix to cobaltite and thin rims on allanite and xenotime, reflecting a later metamorphic paragenesis. Allanite and xenotime also show evidence of late dissolution and reprecipitation, forming discordant rims on older anhedral allanite and xenotime and separate euhedral crystals of each mineral. Textural data suggest extensive deformation of the deposits by folding and shearing, and by pervasive recrystallization, all during Cretaceous metamorphism. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe U-Pb geochronology by Aleinikoff et al. (2012) supports these paragenetic interpretations, documenting contemporaneous Mesoproterozoic growth of early xenotime and crystallization of megacrystic A-type granite on the northern border of the district. These ages are used together with mineralogical and geochemical data from the present study to support an epigenetic, IOCG model for Fe-Co-Cu-Au-Bi-Y-REE deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt. A sulfide facies variant of IOCG deposits is proposed for the Blackbird district, in which reducing hydrothermal conditions favored deposition of sulfide minerals over iron oxides. This new model includes Mesoproterozoic vein mineralization and related Fe-Cl metasomatism that formed the biotite-rich lenses, a predominantly felsic magmatic source for metals in the deposits, given their local abundance of Y, REEs, and Be, and a major sedimentary component in the hydrothermal fluids based on independent sulfur isotope and boron isotope data for sulfides and ore-related tourmaline, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov NR 147 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1113 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300002 ER PT J AU Graham, G Hitzman, MW Zieg, J AF Graham, Garth Hitzman, Murray W. Zieg, Jerry TI Geologic Setting, Sedimentary Architecture, and Paragenesis of the Mesoproterozoic Sediment-Hosted Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag Deposit, Helena Embayment, Montana SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEROZOIC BELT SUPERGROUP; MOUNT-ISA; COPPER MINERALIZATION; WESTERN MONTANA; BROOKS RANGE; AUSTRALIA; ORIGIN; ROCKS; USA; CONSTRAINTS AB The northern margin of the Helena Embayment contains extensive syngenetic to diagenetic massive pyrite horizons that extend over 25 km along the Volcano Valley-Buttress fault zone and extend up to 8 km basinward (south) within the Mesoproterozoic Newland Formation. The Sheep Creek Cu-Co deposit occurs within a structural block along a bend in the fault system, where replacement-style chalcopyrite mineralization is spatially associated mostly with the two stratigraphically lowest massive pyrite zones. These mineralized pyritic horizons are intercalated with debris flows derived from synsedimentary, movement along the Volcano Valley-Buttress fault zone. Cominco American Inc. delineated a geologic resource of 4.5 Mt at 2.5% Cu and 0.1% Co in the upper sulfide zone and 4 Mt at 4% Cu within the lower sulfide zone. More recently, Tintina Resources Inc. has delineated an inferred resource of 8.48 Mt at 2.96% Cu, 0.1.2% Co, and 16.4 g/t Ag in the upper sulfide zone. The more intact upper sulfide zone displays significant thickness variations along strike thought to represent formation in at least three separate subbasins. The largest accumulation of mineralized sulfide in the upper zone occurs as an N-S trending body that thickens southward from the generally E trending Volcano Valley Fault and probably occupies a paleograben controlled by normal faults in the hanging wall of the Volcano Valley Fault. Early microcrystalline to framboidal pyrite was accompanied by abundant and local barite deposition in the upper and lower sulfide zones, respectively. The Sulfide bodies underwent intense (lower sulfide zone) to localized (upper sulfide zone) recrystallization and overprinting by coarser-grained pyrite and minor marcasite that is intergrown with and replaces dolomite. Silicification and paragenetically late chalcopyrite, along with minor tennantite in the upper sulfide zone, replaces fine-grained pyrite, barite, and carbonate. The restriction of chalcopyrite to inferred synsedimentary E- and northerly trending faults and absence of definitive zonation with respect to the Laramide Volcano Valley Fault in the lower sulfide zone suggest a diagenetic age related to basin development for the Sheep Creek Cu-Co-Ag deposit. C1 [Graham, Garth] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Graham, Garth; Hitzman, Murray W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zieg, Jerry] Tintina Resources Inc, Vancouver, BC V7X 1G4, Canada. RP Graham, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ggraham@usgs.gov OI Graham, Garth/0000-0003-0657-0365 FU Society of Economic Geologists FX We would like to thank Cam Allen for providing data on the Sheep Creek deposit and Don Winston for access to the drill core. Discussions with Don, Peter McGoldrick, Eric Nelson, and Piret Plink-Bjorklund provided insight into the Belt-Purcell Basin, sedimentary basins, and the Sheep Creek deposit itself. Debates on textural and geochemical relationships with David Leach and Poul Emsbo were thought provoking. Reviews by Karen Kelley, Rich Goldfarb, and John Lydon immensely improved this manuscript. Thanks to Erin Marsh, who provided invaluable assistance with moving and organizing drill core, and Katharina Pfaff for her help in finalizing the manuscript. This research was funded in part by a Society of Economic Geologists Hugh E. McKinstry Student Research Grant. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1141 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300003 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Slack, JF Lund, K Evans, KV Fanning, CM Mazdab, FK Wooden, JL Pillers, RM AF Aleinikoff, John N. Slack, John F. Lund, Karen Evans, Karl V. Fanning, C. Mark Mazdab, Frank K. Wooden, Joseph L. Pillers, Renee M. TI Constraints on the Timing of Co-Cu +/- Au Mineralization in the Blackbird District, Idaho, Using SHRIMP U-Pb Ages of Monazite and Xenotime Plus Zircon Ages of Related Mesoproterozoic Orthogneisses and Metasedimentary Rocks SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; COBALT BELT; METAMORPHIC EVENTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WESTERN MONTANA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; PURCELL BASIN; TH-PB; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DEPOSITS AB The Blackbird district, east-central Idaho, contains the largest known Co reserves in the United States. The origin of strata-hosted Co-Cu +/- Au mineralization at Blackbird has been a matter of controversy for decades. In order to differentiate among possible genetic models for the deposits, including various combinations of volcanic, sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic processes, we used U-Pb geochronology of xenotime, monazite, and zircon to establish time constraints for ore formation. New age data reported here were obtained using sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) microanalysis of (1) detrital zircons from a sample of Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic metasedimentary countiy rock in the Blackbird district, (2) igneous zircons from Mesoproterozoic intrusions, and (3) xenotime and monazite from the Merle and Sunshine prospects at Blackbird. Detrital zircon from metasandstone of the biotite phyllite-schist unit has ages mostly in the range of 1900 to 1600 Ma, plus a few Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic grains. Age data for the six youngest grains form a coherent group at 1409 +/- 10 Ma, regarded as the maximum age of deposition of metasedimentaiy country rocks of the central structural domain. Igneous zircons from nine samples of megacrystic granite, granite augen gneiss, and granodiorite augen gneiss that crop out north and east of the Blackbird district yield ages between 1383 +/- 4 and 1359 +/- 7 Ma. Emplacement of the Big Deer Creek megacrystic granite (1377 +/- 4 Ma), structurally juxtaposed with host rocks in the Late Cretaceous ca. 5 km north of Blackbird, may have been involved in initial deposition of rare earth elements (BEE) minerals and, possibly, sulfides. In situ SHRIMP ages of xenotime and monazite in Co-rich samples from the Merle and Sunshine prospects, plus backscattered electron imagery and SHRIMP analyses of trace elements, indicate a complex sequence of Mesoproterozoic and Cretaceous events. On the basis of textural relationships observed in thin section, xenotime and cobaltite formed during multiple episodes. The oldest age for xenotime (1370 +/- 4 Ma), determined on oscillatory-zoned cores, may date the time of initial cobaltite formation, and provides a minimum age for the host metasedimentary rocks. Additional Proterozoic xenotime growth events occurred at 1.315 to 1.270 Ma and ca. 1050 Ma. Other xenotime grains and rims grew in conjunction with cobaltite during Cretaceous metamorphism. However, ages of these growth episodes cannot be precisely determined due to matrix effects on Pb-206/U-238 data for xenotime. Monazite, some of which encloses cobaltite, uniformly has Cretaceous ages that mainly are 110 +/- 3 and 92 +/- 5 Ma. These data indicate that xenotime, monazite, and cobaltite were extensively mobilized and precipitated during Middle to Late Cretaceous metamorphic events. C1 [Aleinikoff, John N.; Lund, Karen; Evans, Karl V.; Pillers, Renee M.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1175 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300004 ER PT J AU Landis, GP Hofstra, AH AF Landis, Gary P. Hofstra, Albert H. TI Ore Genesis Constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from Fluid Inclusion Gas, Noble Gas Isotope, and Ion Ratio Analyses SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; CO-CU; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; BLACKBIRD DISTRICT; DEPOSITS; MINERALIZATION; GOLD; IRON; EARTH; AGES AB The Idaho cobalt belt is a 60-km-long alignment of deposits composed of cobaltite, Co pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold with anomalous Nb, Y, Be, and rare-earth elements (REEs) ill a quartz-biotite-tourmaline gangue hosted in Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Lemhi Group. It is the largest cobalt resource in the United States with historic production from the Blackbird Mine. All of the deposits were deformed and metamorphosed to upper greenschist-lower amphibolite grade in the Cretaceous. They occur near a 1377 Ma anorogenic bimodal plutonic complex. The enhanced solubility, of Fe, Co, Cu, and Au as chloride complexes together with gangue biotite rich in Fe and Cl and gangue quartz containing hypersaline inclusions allows that hot saline fluids were involved. The isotopes of B in gangue tourmaline are suggestive of a marine source, whereas those of Pb in ore suggest a U +/- Th-enriched source. The ore and gangue minerals in this belt may have trapped components in fluid inclusions that are distinct from those in post-ore minerals and metamorphic minerals. Such components can potentially be identified and distinguished by their relative abundances in contrasting samples. Therefore, we obtained samples of Co and Cu sulfides, gangue quartz, biotite, and tourmaline and post-ore quartz veins as well as Cretaceous metamorphic garnet and determined the gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratios of fluid inclusion extracts by mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. The most abundant gases present in extracts from each sample type are biased toward the gas-rich population of inclusions trapped during maximum burial and metamorphism. All have CO2/CH4 and N-2/Ar ratios of evolved crustal fluids, and many yield a range of H-2-CH4-CO2-H2S equilibration temperatures consistent with the metamorphic grade. Cretaceous garnet and post-ore minerals have high R-H and R-S values suggestive of reduced sulfidic conditions. Most extracts have anomalous He-4 produced by decay of U and Th and Ar-38 produced by nucleogenic production from K-41. In contrast, some ore and gangue minerals yield significant SO2 and have low R-H and R-S values of a more oxidized fluid. Three extracts from gangue quartz have high helium R/R-A values indicative of a mantle source and neon isotope compositions that require nucleogenic production of Ne-22 in fluorite from U +/- Th decay. Two extracts from gangue quartz have estimated K-40/Ar-40 that permit a Precambrian age. Extracts from gangue quartz in three different ore zones are biased toward the hypersaline population of inclusions and have a tight range of ion ratios (Na, K, NH4, Cl, Br, F) suggestive of a single fluid. Their Na, Cl, Br ratios suggest this fluid was a mixture of magmatic and basinal brine. Na-K-Ca temperatures (279 degrees-347 degrees C) are similar to homogenization temperatures of hypersaline inclusions. The high K/Na of the brine may be due to albitization of K silicate minerals in country rocks. Influx of K-rich brines is consistent with the K metasomatism necessmy to form gangue biotite with high Cl. An extract from a post-ore quartz vein is distinct and has Na, Cl, Br ratios that resemble metamorphic fluids in Cretaceous silver veins of the Coeur d'Alene district in the Belt Basin. The results show that in some samples, for certain components, it is possible to "see through" the Cretaceous metamorphic overprint. Of great import for genetic models, the volatiles trapped in gangue quartz have He-3 derived from a mantle source and Ne-22 derived from fluorite, both of which may be attributed to nearby similar to 1377 Ma basalt-rhyolite magmatism. The brine trapped in gangue quartz is a mixture of magmatic fluid and evaporated seawater. The former requires a granitic intrusion that is present in the bimodal intrusive complex, and the latter equatorial paleolatitudes that existed in the Mesoproterozoic. The results permit genetic models involving heat and fluids from the neighboring bimodal plutonic complex and convection of basinal brine in the Lemhi Group. While the inferred fluid sources in the Idaho cobalt belt are similar in many respects to those in iron oxide copper-gold deposits, the fluids were more reduced such that iron was fixed in biotite and tourmaline instead of iron oxides. C1 [Landis, Gary P.; Hofstra, Albert H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ahofstra@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 27 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1205 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Bookstrom, AA Slack, JF AF Johnson, Craig A. Bookstrom, Arthur A. Slack, John F. TI Sulfur, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of the Idaho Cobalt Belt SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT; EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CO-CU; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; BLACKBIRD DISTRICT; ORE-DEPOSITS; BROKEN-HILL AB Cobalt-copper gold deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt, including the deposits of the Blackbird district, have been analyzed for their sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotope compositions to improve the understanding of ore formation. Previous genetic hypotheses have ranged widely, linking the ores to the sedimentary or diagenetic history of the host Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks, to Mesoproterozoic or Cretaceous magmatism, or to metamorphic shearing. The delta S-34 values are nearly uniform throughout the Blackbird district, with a mean value for cobaltite (CoAsS, the main cobalt mineral) of 8.0 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand (n = 19). The data suggest that (1) sulfur was derived at least partly from sedimentary sources, (2) redox reactions involving sulfur were probably unimportant for ore deposition, and (3) the sulfur was probably transported to sites of ore formation as H2S. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluid, which are calculated from analyses of biotite-rich wall rocks and tourmaline, do not uniquely identify the source of the fluid; plausible sources include formation waters, metamorphic waters, and mixtures of magmatic and isotopically heavy meteoric waters. The calculated compositions are a poor match for the modified seawaters that form volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of siderite, a mineral that is widespread, although sparse, at Blackbird, suggest formation from mixtures of sedimentary organic carbon and magmatic-metamorphic carbon. The isotopic compositions of calcite in alkaline dike rocks of uncertain age are consistent with a magmatic origin. Several lines of evidence suggest that siderite postdated the emplacement of cobalt and copper, so its significance for the ore-forming event is uncertain. From the stable isotope perspective, the mineral deposits of the Idaho cobalt belt contrast with typical VMS and sedimentary exhalative deposits. They show characteristics of deposit types that form in deeper environments and could be related to metamorphic processes or magmatic processes, although the isotopic evidence for magmatic components is relatively weak. C1 [Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bookstrom, Arthur A.] US Geol Survey, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. [Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX We thank S. Box, K. Evans, T. Frost, V. Gillerman, G. Hughes, G. King, K. Lund, W. Scales, and M. Zientek for providing samples for this study; S. Box, R. Fleck, T. Frost, and G. Hahn for unpublished data; and J. Aleinikoff, K. Evans, A. Hofstra, G. Landis, and K. Lund for discussions. C. Gulbransen and W. Christiansen carried out much of the laboratory work. D. Huston, K. Shelton, and S. Box provided thorough and helpful reviews. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 107 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 32 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1221 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300007 ER PT J AU Hayes, TS Landis, GP Whelan, JF Rye, RO Moscati, RJ AF Hayes, Timothy S. Landis, Gary P. Whelan, Joseph F. Rye, Robert O. Moscati, Richard J. TI The Spar Lake Strata-Bound Cu-Ag Deposit Formed Across a Mixing Zone Between Trapped Natural Gas and Metals-Bearing Brine SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER-COBALT DEPOSITS; FLUID-INCLUSION; BELT SUPERGROUP; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPES; SULFUR ISOTOPE; ZAMBIAN COPPERBELT; UNITED-STATES; ORE-DEPOSITS; LUFILIAN FORELAND AB Ore formation at the Spar Lake red bed-associated strata-bound Cu deposit took place across a mixing and reaction zone between a hot oxidized metals-transporting brine and a reservoir of "sour" (H2S-bearing) natural gas trapped in the host sandstones. Fluid inclusion volatile analyses have very high CH4 concentrations (>= 1 mol % in most samples), and a sample from the fringe of the deposit has between 18 and 36 mol % CH4. The ratio of CH4/CO2 in fluid inclusions appears to vary regularly across the deposit, with the lowest CH4/CO2 ratios from high-grade chalcocite-bearing ore, and the highest from the chalcopyrite-bearing fringe. The helium R/R-a isotope ratios (0.23-0.98) and concentrations define a mixture between crustal and atmospheric helium. The volatiles in fluid inclusions (CH4, CO2, H2S, SO2, H-2, H2O, and other organic gases) and values off fo(2) and temperature calculated from the volatiles data all show gradations across the deposit that are completely consistent with such a mixing and reaction zone. Other volatiles from the fluid inclusions (HCl, HF, He-3, He-4, N-2, Ar) characterize the brine and give evidence for only shallow crustal fluids with no magmatic influences. The brine entered the gas reservoir from below and along the axis of the deposit and migrated out along bedding to the southwest, northeast, and northwest. Metals-transporting brines may have been fed into the host sandstones from the East Fault, but that remains uncertain. Abundant ore-stage Fe and Mn calcite cements from the reduced fringe have delta C-13 values as low as -18.4 parts per thousand, and many values less than -1.0 parts per thousand, which indicate that significant carbonate was generated by oxidation of organic carbon from the natural gas. The zone of calcite cements with very low delta C-13 values approximately envelopes chalcocite-bearing ore. Sulfur isotope data of Cu, Pb, and Fe sulfides and barite indicate derivation of roughly half of the orebody sulfide directly from sour gas H2S. That sour gas H2S had developed in steps known from other sedimentary basins, starting with (1) bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of seawater sulfate having delta S-34 of about 20 parts per thousand and sequestering of the sulfide in organic matter in source rocks stratigraphically below the deposit host rocks, followed by (2) maturation of the sulfide-bearing organic matter into liquid petroleum with relatively homogeneous sulfide having delta S-34 of 5 +/- 5 parts per thousand, then by (3) thermal cracking of the oil to CH4 and H2S with relatively homogeneous sulfide having delta S-34 closely distributed, about 6 parts per thousand. The CH4 and H2S migrated and were trapped in sandstones of the upper member of the Revett Formation, where they were later met by the 200 degrees C metalstransporting brine. There was additional contribution of sulfide to ore from later thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) operating on sulfate delta S-34 of 20 to 29 parts per thousand in both formation waters and metals-transporting solutions. A large range of delta S-34 in sulfides resulted as the 6 parts per thousand sour gas sulfide was supplemented with varying proportions of 20 to 29 parts per thousand sulfide from TSR. C1 [Hayes, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Landis, Gary P.; Whelan, Joseph F.; Rye, Robert O.; Moscati, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hayes, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 355, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM thayes@usgs.gov NR 119 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1249 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300008 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Hayes, TS Evans, KV Mazdab, FK Pillers, RM Fanning, CM AF Aleinikoff, John N. Hayes, Timothy S. Evans, Karl V. Mazdab, Frank K. Pillers, Renee M. Fanning, C. Mark TI SHRIMP U-Pb Ages of Xenotime and Monazite from the Spar Lake Red Bed-Associated Cu-Ag Deposit, Western Montana: Implications for Ore Genesis SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; BELT BASIN; HYDROTHERMAL MONAZITE; PURCELL SUPERGROUP; METAMORPHIC EVENTS; SOUTHWEST TEXAS; COPPER-DEPOSIT; TRACE-ELEMENT; NORTH-AMERICA AB Xenotime occurs as epitaxial overgrowths on detrital zircons in the Mesoproterozoic Revett Formation (Belt Supergroup) at the Spar Lake red bed-associated Cu-Ag deposit, western Montana. The deposit formed during diagenesis of Revett strata, where oxidizing metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids encountered a reducing zone. Samples for geochronology were collected from several mineral zones. Xenotime overgrowths (1-30 mu m wide) were found in polished thin sections from five ore and near-ore zones (chalcocite-chlorite, bornite-calcite, galena-calcite, chalcopyrite-ankerite, and pyrite-calcite), but not in more distant zones across the region. Thirty-two in situ SHRIMP U-Pb analyses on xenotime overgrowths yield a weighted average of Pb-207/Pb-206 ages of 1409 +/- 8 Ma, interpreted as the time of mineralization. This age is about 40 to 60 my. after deposition of the Revett Formation. Six other xenotime overgrowths formed during a younger event at 1.304 +/- 19 Ma. Several isolated grains of xenotime have Pb-207/Pb-206 ages in the range of 1.67 to 1.51 Ga, and thus are considered detrital in origin. Trace element data can distinguish Spar Lake xenotimes of different origins. Based on in situ SHRIMP analysis, detrital xenotime has heavy rare earth elements-enriched patterns similar to those of igneous xenotime, whereas xenotime overgrowths of inferred hydrothermal origin have hump-shaped (i.e., middle rare earth elements-enriched) patterns. The two ages of hydrothermal xenotime can be distinguished by slightly different rare earth elements patterns. In addition, 1409 Ma xenotime overgrowths have higher Eu and Gd contents than the 1.304 Ma overgrowths. Most xenotime overgrowths from the Spar Lake deposit have elevated As concentrations, further suggesting a genetic relationship between the xenotime formation and Cu-Ag mineralization. C1 [Aleinikoff, John N.; Evans, Karl V.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hayes, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Mazdab, Frank K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pillers, Renee M.; Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jaleinikoff@usgs.gov RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 99 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1274 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300009 ER PT J AU Nadoll, P Mauk, JL Hayes, TS Koenig, AE Box, SE AF Nadoll, Patrick Mauk, Jeffrey L. Hayes, Timothy S. Koenig, Alan E. Box, Stephen E. TI Geochemistry of Magnetite from Hydrothermal Ore Deposits and Host Rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, United States SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DALENE MINING DISTRICT; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; LOW-GRADE METAMORPHISM; PRECIOUS-METAL VEINS; MELT EQUILIBRIA; MONTANA; IDAHO; OXIDES; BASIN; CHEMISTRY AB Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a common and widespread accessory mineral in many host rocks and Mineral deposits. We used electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis, and oxygen isotope analysis to test whether magnetite from the five following geologic settings in western Montana and northern Idaho has distinct geochemical signatures: (1) greenschist facies burial metamorphic rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, (2) sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Ag deposits (Spar Lake and Rock Creek) in Belt Supergroup metasedimentary rocks, (3) hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn veins of the Coeur d'Alene district, (4) extensively deformed and partially altered Belt Supergroup host rocks from the Coeur d'Alene district, and (5) two Cretaceous postmetamorphic igneous intrusions. EMPA results show that magnetite from each of these five settings is essentially pure Fe3O4, but LA-ICP-MS analyses results show that magnetite from these five settings has trace element concentrations that generally vary over less than one order of magnitude. These magnetite occurrences show subtle compositional differences that generally correlate with temperatures, as determined by oxygen isotope geothermometry. Burial metamorphic magnetite from the Coeur d'Alene host rocks has the smallest overall trace element contents. Chromium, Co, and Zn are depleted in both hydrothermal and host-rock magnetite from the Coeur d'Alene district. In contrast, magnetite from postmetamorphic igneous rocks in the Belt terrane has relatively large Mg, V, Co, and Mn values, consistent with its formation at relatively high temperatures and subsequent subsolidus reequilibration. Factor analysis was used to trace any underlying or latent relationships among elements that are likely to be incorporated into the magnetite structure. Factor analysis provides geochemical discrimination of at least three types of magnetite in the Belt terrane: (1) Mg-Mn, (2) Ga-Zn-Cr, and (3) Co-Ni-V magnetite. Hydrothermal magnetite from the Gold Hunter siderite vein shows characteristically high values for factor 1. Factor 2 is most pronounced in magnetite from the burial metamorphic host rocks and the sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposits. Furthermore, factor 2 indicates that Ga, Zn, and Cr concentrations are lower on average in hydrothermal and host-rock magnetite from the Coeur d'Alene district. Factor 3 divides igneous magnetite from other magnetite occurrences. This factor also subdivides magnetite of an alkalic-ultramafic intrusive complex from that of the granitic stock. Hydrothermal magnetite from siderite and calcite veins in the Coeur d'Alene district has consistently low scores for factor 3. The geochemistry of magnetite can be a useful discriminator and pathfinder for hydrothermal deposits. The relatively low formation temperature and the metamorphic history of the Belt terrane led to low trace element concentrations and subtle differences between magnetite from different geologic settings. Nevertheless, by combining LA-ICP-MS analysis and factor analysis, compositional variations between groups of magnetite samples from different geologic settings can be recognized. C1 [Nadoll, Patrick; Mauk, Jeffrey L.] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Hayes, Timothy S.; Koenig, Alan E.; Box, Stephen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nadoll, P (reprint author), CSIRO Minerals Flagship, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. EM p.nadoll@auckland.ac.nz OI Mauk, Jeff/0000-0002-6244-2774; Nadoll, Patrick/0000-0002-4061-7203 FU NSF [EAR-99-11352]; Freeport McMoRan; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior [3607415/06HQGR0173] FX We thank Hecla Mining Company, Revett Minerals, Montanore Minerals Corp., and Genesis Inc. for access to Lucky Friday, Spar Lake, and Rock Creek and for permission to publish. We thank Laura Wingate and Kevin Faure for stable isotope analyses, and Ritchie Sims and Carl Henderson for assistance with EMPA analyses. We acknowledge NSF grant EAR-99-11352, which purchased the SX100 microprobe at the University of Michigan. We thank Albert H. Hofstra for his valuable comments and suggestions. Constructive comments by Economic Geology reviewers Ian Ridley, Greg Lee, and Steven M. Smith helped improve this manuscript.; We thank Freeport McMoRan and the U.S. Geological Survey for funding this research. Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS award number 3607415/06HQGR0173. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 42 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1292 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 007QN UT WOS:000308903300010 ER PT J AU Wintzer, NE AF Wintzer, Niki E. TI Deformational episodes recorded in the Skagit Gneiss Complex, North Cascades, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North Cascades; Skagit Gneiss Complex; Structure; Refolded folds; Kinematic indicators; Deformation temperature ID COAST PLUTONIC COMPLEX; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DEEP CRUST; METAMORPHISM; ARC; MIGMATITES; BATHOLITH AB The crystalline core of the North Cascades is part of a thick (>55 km) 96-45 Ma continental magmatic arc. The highest-grade part of the arc is the Skagit Gneiss Complex that includes partially migmatitic amphibolite-facies orthogneiss, layered biotite gneiss, and paragneiss. The typically NW-striking foliation and gently SE-plunging lineation formed mostly between 69 and 51 Ma. In the study area to the north, four fold generations are recorded some of which formed from 51 to 46 Ma. The upright kilometer-scale folds in the study area are similar to Eocene folds in the southern part of the Skagit Gneiss Complex and implies at least an abbreviated interval of regional shortening during an extended period of overall transtension. Latest ductile deformation is marked by strong subhorizontal constrictional fabrics in granodiorite, which intrudes all other major units and structures at 46-45 Ma. Microstructures record relatively low-temperature (300-400 degrees C) and medium-to high-temperature (>= 450 degrees C) ductile deformation, which are focused in kilometer-scale domains. Orientation, sequence, and timing of deformation are similar in the northern and southern portions of the Skagit Gneiss Complex, but structures differ in the central portion that apparently do not record the brief interval of shortening. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wintzer, Niki E.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Wintzer, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys GMEG Sci Ctr, 904 W Riverside Ave,Rm 202, Spokane, WA 99201 USA. EM nwintzer@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0511062]; U.S. Geological Survey EDMAP [08HQAG0044] FX The National Science Foundation (EAR-0511062) and the U.S. Geological Survey EDMAP award (08HQAG0044) provided the greatly-appreciated financial support while I conducted my M.S. thesis research via San Jose State University.Foremost, I acknowledge Dr. Robert B. Miller for his tutelage and time as my academic advisor. Critical reviews by Dr. Eric Horsman and Dr. Fernando Hongn greatly improved this manuscript. Stacia Gordon's high-quality geochronologic data improved the conclusions of this research significantly. I extend sincere gratitude to my numerous field assistants particularly Mathew C. Wintzer. Stereoplots were prepared with Stereonet 6.3.3 created by Richard W. Allmendinger. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 42 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2012.06.004 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 013SB UT WOS:000309325000010 ER PT J AU Sternberg, M Grue, C Conquest, L Grassley, J King, K AF Sternberg, Morgan Grue, Christian Conquest, Loveday Grassley, James King, Kerensa TI EFFICACY, FATE, AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON SALMONIDS OF MOSQUITO LARVICIDES IN CATCH BASINS IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis; Bacillus sphaericus; s-methoprene; salmonids; catch basin ID THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; MELANOTAENIA-DUBOULAYI; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; METHOPRENE; PERSISTENCE; TOXICITY; LARVAE AB We investigated the efficacy, fate, and potential for direct effects on salmonids of 4 common mosquito larvicides (Mosquito Dunks (R) and Bits (R) (AI: Bacillis thuringiensis var. israelensis, [Bti]), VectoLex (R) WSP (AI: Bacillus sphaericus [Bs], VectoLex CG [AI: Bs], and Altosid (R) Briquets [AI: s-methoprene]) in Seattle, WA, during 3 summers. During efficacy trials in 2006, all treatments resulted in a rapid reduction in number of mosquito pupae (Mosquito Dunks and Bits and VectoLex WSP) or emergence success (Altosid Briquets). VectoLex CG was chosen for city-wide application in 2007 and 2008. The average counts of pupae within round-top basins remained significantly below the control average for 11 wk in 2007, whereas efficacy in grated-top basins was short-lived. In 2008 the average counts of pupae within grated-top basins remained significantly below the control average for 10 wk. Altosid XR was also effective in reducing adult emergence within grated basins in 2008. In 2007 and 2008, frequent precipitation events made the evaluation of efficacy difficult due to reductions in pupae across control and treated basins. Four separate analyses of VectoLex products revealed that the product was a combination of Bs and Bti. Both Bs and Bti were detected in 3 urban creeks connected to treated basins in 2007 and 2008. Laboratory toxicity test results suggest that concentrations of Bs and Bti detected in each of the watersheds pose little direct hazard to juvenile salmonids. C1 [Grue, Christian] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sternberg, M (reprint author), Morrow BioSci Ltd, N Vancouver, BC V7M 3C7, Canada. FU Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Washington; Institute of Environmental Health (1EH); Warren Analytical Laboratories (WAL); Resource Planning Division within Seattle Public Utilities (SPU) [DA2006-19, DA2007-32, DA2008-22]; Eden Advanced Pest Technologies (Eden); B2E Corporation; Wellmark International; SPU; James and Joy Ellis Scholarship in Fisheries; Wilbert McLeod Chapman Memorial Scholarship; USGS; University of Washington; Washington State University; Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife; Keeler Endowment for Excellence; W.F.Thompson Scholarship FX This research was made possible through the collaboration of the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Washington; the Institute of Environmental Health (1EH); Warren Analytical Laboratories (WAL); the Resource Planning Division within Seattle Public Utilities (SPU; contract numbers: DA2006-19, DA2007-32, DA2008-22); Eden Advanced Pest Technologies (Eden); B2E Corporation; and Wellmark International. In particular, we thank Mike Bonoff, Shannon Kelleher, Keith Kurko, Joe Starstead, Carrie Sopher, and Steve Fang (SPU). Consultations with John Cohen (Summit Chemical), Stephanie Whitman and Peter DeChant (VALENT BioSciences Corp.), Bill Mintz, Bob Sjogren, and Dave Sjogren (B2ECorp), Doug Van Gundy (Wellmark International), and Bob Boggs (Clarke Mosquito Control Products, Inc.) on the determination of fate and efficacy of the larvicides were greatly appreciated. Funding was provided by SPU with significant in-kind support from the University of Washington (School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences) and Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Scholarship support for M. Sternberg was provided by the James and Joy Ellis Scholarship in Fisheries, Keeler Endowment for Excellence, W. F. Thompson Scholarship, and the Wilbert McLeod Chapman Memorial Scholarship.; The Unit is financially supported by the USGS, University of Washington, Washington State University, and the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources. We thank all of the students and staff of the Unit for their significant assistance in conducting this study. Cups, lids, and carriers for the rearing of pupae were provided by Starbucks Corporation, Seattle, WA. Mention of products or trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the agencies affiliated with the Unit. Dirk Lewis and Chris Wirth kindly provided comments on initial drafts of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 206 EP 218 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 013HH UT WOS:000309296000008 PM 23833901 ER PT J AU Willey, LL Sievert, PR AF Willey, Lisabeth L. Sievert, Paul R. TI Notes on the Nesting Ecology of Eastern Box Turtles near the Northern Limit of their Range SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TERRAPENE-CAROLINA-CAROLINA; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; PREDATION; DEPREDATION; LANDSCAPE; INCREASES; SUCCESS; SIZE; EGG AB We evaluated the nesting ecology of Terrapene carolina carolina (Eastern Box Turtle) near their northern range limit in Massachusetts. We identified 34 nests in 2005 and 2006 at 4 study sites, and measured clutch size, nest success, hatchling size, and habitat characteristics at each site. Mean clutch size was 5.87 eggs, and egg survival was approximately 50% to hatching, excluding depredation. Large-bodied females tended to oviposit larger clutches than small-bodied females, although the correlation was not significant, and a smaller proportion of their eggs produced live hatchlings. Nest depredation varied greatly across sites from 0 to nearly 100%. The variability observed across the species' range and across sites underscores the importance of obtaining local information when developing conservation and management programs for rare turtles. The characteristics of the nest sites observed in our study could be simulated to more effectively create or maintain artificial nest sites for Eastern Box Turtles in the Northeast. C1 [Willey, Lisabeth L.] Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Willey, Lisabeth L.; Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Serv, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Willey, LL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM lwilley@cns.umass.edu FU Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program; University of Massachusetts Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Department of Natural Resources Conservation; USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Massachusetts Natural History Collections; Turtle Conservation Project FX We thank the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, The University of Massachusetts Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, the Department of Natural Resources Conservation, the USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The University of Massachusetts Natural History Collections, and the Turtle Conservation Project for funding support. We also thank M. Jones, L. Johnson, Z. Dowling, D. Yorks, C. Jordan, B. Dunphy, and B. Crowley for their help in the field, and A. Breisch, R. Cook, S. Fowle, C. Griffin, M. Jones, K. McGargial, A. Richmond, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We thank the many landowners for use of their property during the course of this study. Methods were approved by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol # 25-02-04). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 39 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD SEP PY 2012 VL 19 IS 3 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1656/045.019.0301 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 016HD UT WOS:000309507500001 ER PT J AU Pettit, EC Nystuen, JA O'Neel, S AF Pettit, Erin C. Nystuen, Jeffrey A. O'Neel, Shad TI Listening to Glaciers: Passive Hydroacoustics Near Marine-Terminating Glaciers SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICE C1 [Pettit, Erin C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nystuen, Jeffrey A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Pettit, EC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pettit@gi.alaska.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2012 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 005UC UT WOS:000308774600017 ER PT J AU Webber, PA Thompson, PD Budy, P AF Webber, P. Aaron Thompson, Paul D. Budy, Phaedra TI STATUS AND STRUCTURE OF TWO POPULATIONS OF THE BLUEHEAD SUCKER (CATOSTOMUS DISCOBOLUS) IN THE WEBER RIVER, UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UPPER COLORADO RIVER; RAZORBACK SUCKER; NATIVE FISHES; LARVAL FISHES; JUNE SUCKER; BASIN; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; PREDATION; JUVENILE AB We compared two populations of the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) during 2007-2009 in the Weber River, Davis, Summit, and Weber counties, Utah. We estimated 225 and 546 individuals in these populations. Based on recaptured, PIT-tagged fish, annual survival of adults (202-575 mm total length) was high (77%); however, our top model indicated mortality increased with size (i.e., senescence). We documented movements <= 15 km downstream and 5 km upstream and 88% of detections from a stationary antenna occurred at night. Despite high rates of survival of adults, recruitment appeared minimal in one of the populations because it was composed primarily of mature adults. Recruitment potentially was limited by interactions with a high density of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and combined effects of an altered hydrograph (magnitude, duration, and timing) and thermal regime. If conservation of these populations is a priority, recruitment must be increased immediately in one of the populations to avoid extinction. C1 [Thompson, Paul D.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Ogden, UT 84405 USA. [Webber, P. Aaron] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT USA. RP Thompson, PD (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, 515 East 5300 South, Ogden, UT 84405 USA. EM paulthompson@utah.gov FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources FX This research was funded by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources through Endangered Species Mitigation Funds and State Wildlife Grants. We thank the many employees from the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, Trout Unlimited, and volunteers who helped with fieldwork, analysis of data, and preparation of documents. We thank G. Thiede for logistical support and help in the field and M. Conner for oversight on Program MARK and associated analyses. Results and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009JC UT WOS:000309021100006 ER PT J AU Rosemartin, A van Riper, C AF Rosemartin, Alyssa van Riper, Charles, III TI BREEDING COLONIES OF LEAST TERNS (STERNULA ANTILLARUM) IN NORTHERN SONORA, MEXICO, 2006-2008 SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA AB We document distribution of breeding least terns (Sternula antillarum) in northern Sonora, Mexico, 2006-2008. We report breeding activity at six sites with active colonies, including three previously undocumented colonies. C1 [Rosemartin, Alyssa; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rosemartin, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, 1955 E 6th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM alyssarosemartin@gmail.com FU TE Incorporated; PADI Foundation FX We are grateful to the conservation and research team of the Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans, particularly A. Castillo and H. N. Morzaria Luna. Our field research was supported by T&E Incorporated and the PADI Foundation. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 57 IS 3 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 009JC UT WOS:000309021100020 ER PT J AU Osorio, JE Ciuoderis, KA Lopera, JG Piedrahita, LD Murphy, D LeVasseur, J Carrillo, L Ocampo, MC Hofmeister, E AF Osorio, Jorge E. Ciuoderis, Karl A. Lopera, Juan G. Piedrahita, Leidy D. Murphy, Darby LeVasseur, James Carrillo, Lina Ocampo, Martha C. Hofmeister, Erik TI Characterization of West Nile Viruses Isolated from Captive American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) in Medellin, Colombia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; STRAIN; BIRDS; FLAVIVIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; ARGENTINA AB Serum samples from a total of 71 healthy captive birds belonging to 18 species were collected in July of 2008 in Medellin (Colombia) and tested for flaviviruses. Eighteen of 29 samples from American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) were positive for West Nile virus (WNV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Selected positive samples were serially passaged and WNV was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Two isolates (524/08, 9835/08) were characterized in vitro and in vivo. Sequence analysis revealed WNV with 16 nucleotide substitutions resulting in six amino acid changes when compared with the NY99 strain. Colombian (COL) viruses were more closely related to Louisiana isolates from 2001. When compared with attenuated strains isolated from Texas, COL isolates differed in their plaque size and temperature sensitivity phenotype. The COL viruses were pathogenic in embryonated chicken eggs and Balb/c mice. C1 [Osorio, Jorge E.; Ciuoderis, Karl A.; Lopera, Juan G.; Piedrahita, Leidy D.; Murphy, Darby; LeVasseur, James] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carrillo, Lina] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ciencias Agr, PECET, Medellin, Colombia. [Ocampo, Martha C.] Zool Santa Fe Antioquia Zool, Medellin, Colombia. Zool Santa Fe Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. [Hofmeister, Erik] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Osorio, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM osorio@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu; adolfmvz@gmail.com; juanguilopera@gmail.com; piedritas@gmail.com; darbymurphy@wisc.edu; jalevasseur@wisc.edu; linacarrillo@gmail.com; martha.ocampo@zoologicosantafe.com; ehofmeister@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 87 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0655 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 004KH UT WOS:000308680100030 PM 22802436 ER PT J AU Wang, YS DeAngelis, DL Holland, JN AF Wang, Yuanshi DeAngelis, Donald L. Holland, J. Nathaniel TI Uni-directional Interaction and Plant-Pollinator-Robber Coexistence SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Unidirectional consumer-resource interaction; Uniform persistence; Stability; Invasion; Extinction ID INTERACTION OUTCOMES; TRANSITIONS; MODEL; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB A mathematical model for the plant-pollinator-robber interaction is studied to understand the factors leading to the widespread occurrence and stability of such interactions. In the interaction, a flowering plant provides resource for its pollinator and the pollinator has both positive and negative effects on the plant. A nectar robber acts as a plant predator, consuming a common resource with the pollinator, but with a different functional response. Using dynamical systems theory, mechanisms of species coexistence are investigated to show how a robber could invade the plant-pollinator system and persist stably with the pollinator. In addition, circumstances are demonstrated in which the pollinator's positive and negative effects on the plant could determine the robber's invasibility and the three-species coexistence. C1 [Wang, Yuanshi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Math & Computat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM mcswys@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU NSFC of P.R. China [11171355]; NSF [DEB-081423, DEB-0814523]; US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center FX We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading, helpful comments and suggestions that really helped us to improve the presentation of the paper. This work was supported by NSFC of P.R. China (No. 11171355) to Y. Wang, and was supported by NSF grant DEB-081423 and NSF grant DEB-0814523 to J.N. Holland and D.L. DeAngelis. D.L. DeAngelis acknowledges the support of the US Geological Survey Southeastern Ecological Science Center. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2142 EP 2164 DI 10.1007/s11538-012-9750-0 PG 23 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 985FK UT WOS:000307248600008 PM 22806690 ER PT J AU Abbott, RC Osorio, JE Bunck, CM Rocke, TE AF Abbott, Rachel C. Osorio, Jorge E. Bunck, Christine M. Rocke, Tonie E. TI Sylvatic Plague Vaccine: A New Tool for Conservation of Threatened and Endangered Species? SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE sylvatic plague; Yersinia pestis; oral vaccine; prairie dogs; black-footed ferrets ID ORAL RABIES VACCINATION; PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; F1-V FUSION PROTEIN; VIRULENT YERSINIA-PESTIS; FERRETS MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; NORTH-AMERICA; DELTAMETHRIN; LUDOVICIANUS; CONSUMPTION; RESISTANCE AB Plague, a disease caused by Yersinia pestis introduced into North America about 100 years ago, is devastating to prairie dogs and the highly endangered black-footed ferret. Current attempts to control plague in these species have historically relied on insecticidal dusting of prairie dog burrows to kill the fleas that spread the disease. Although successful in curtailing outbreaks in most instances, this method of plague control has significant limitations. Alternative approaches to plague management are being tested, including vaccination. Currently, all black-footed ferret kits released for reintroduction are vaccinated against plague with an injectable protein vaccine, and even wild-born kits are captured and vaccinated at some locations. In addition, a novel, virally vectored, oral vaccine to prevent plague in wild prairie dogs has been developed and will soon be tested as an alternative, preemptive management tool. If demonstrated to be successful, oral vaccination of selected prairie dog populations could decrease the occurrence of plague epizootics in key locations, thereby reducing the source of bacteria while avoiding the indiscriminate environmental effects of dusting. Just as rabies in wild carnivores has largely been controlled through an active surveillance and oral vaccination program, we believe an integrated plague management strategy would be similarly enhanced with the addition of a cost-effective, bait-delivered, sylvatic plague vaccine for prairie dogs. Control of plague in prairie dogs, and potentially other rodents, would significantly advance prairie dog conservation and black-footed ferret recovery. C1 [Abbott, Rachel C.; Bunck, Christine M.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 18 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10393-012-0783-5 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006KK UT WOS:000308817900004 PM 22846964 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Will, T Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Will, Tom Marra, Peter P. TI Direct human-caused mortality of birds: improving quantification of magnitude and assessment of population impact SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID COMMUNICATION TOWERS; AVIAN COLLISIONS; DOMESTIC CATS; GUY WIRES; DECLINES; REMOVAL; MANAGEMENT; SCAVENGERS; PREDATION; HEIGHT AB Hundreds of millions to greater than one billion North American birds are directly killed each year by human stressors, including collisions with man-made structures, predation by feral and pet cats, intentional and accidental poisoning, and pollution. Because these causes of mortality are increasingly abundant and because some result in large bird die-offs, they have received both increased scientific attention and general media coverage. However, quantifying bird mortality remains imprecise and methods to assess whether these losses cause important biological impacts remain underdeveloped. If local mortality studies followed rigorous design and sampling schemes, allowing comparison of data and scaling up of mortality estimates to broad regions, this could lead to improved analyses. Several analytical techniques - including hierarchical and population models - show potential for improving quantification of anthropogenic mortality of birds and inference of population-level effects. Results arising from improved study designs and analytical techniques will more effectively inform decision making about policies and regulations aimed at reducing avian mortality and minimizing population impacts. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Will, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. EM losss@si.edu RI Loss, Scott/B-1504-2014 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute FX SRL was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. We thank TW Arnold, DH Johnson, AD Rodewald, JA Royle, and MC Runge for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 107 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 10 IS 7 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1890/110251 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010KG UT WOS:000309092700014 ER PT J AU Greaver, TL Sullivan, TJ Herrick, JD Barber, MC Baron, JS Cosby, BJ Deerhake, ME Dennis, RL Dubois, JJB Goodale, CL Herlihy, AT Lawrence, GB Liu, LL Lynch, JA Novak, KJ AF Greaver, Tara L. Sullivan, Timothy J. Herrick, Jeffrey D. Barber, Mary C. Baron, Jill S. Cosby, Bernard J. Deerhake, Marion E. Dennis, Robin L. Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. Goodale, Christine L. Herlihy, Alan T. Lawrence, Gregory B. Liu, Lingli Lynch, Jason A. Novak, Kristopher J. TI Ecological effects of nitrogen and sulfur air pollution in the US: what do we know? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ADIRONDACK REGION; SURFACE WATERS; FOREST SOILS; ACIDIFICATION; MERCURY AB Four decades after the passage of the US Clean Air Act, air-quality standards are set to protect ecosystems from damage caused by gas-phase nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds, but not from the deposition of these air pollutants to land and water. Here, we synthesize recent scientific literature on the ecological effects of N and S air pollution in the US. Deposition of N and S is the main driver of ecosystem acidification and contributes to nutrient enrichment in many natural systems. Although surface-water acidification has decreased in the US since 1990, it remains a problem in many regions. Perturbations to ecosystems caused by the nutrient effects of N deposition continue to emerge, although gas-phase concentrations are generally not high enough to cause phytotoxicity. In all, there is overwhelming evidence of a broad range of damaging effects to ecosystems in the US under current air-quality conditions. C1 [Greaver, Tara L.; Herrick, Jeffrey D.; Dennis, Robin L.; Dubois, Jean-Jacques B.; Liu, Lingli; Novak, Kristopher J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sullivan, Timothy J.] E&S Environm Chem, Corvallis, OR USA. [Barber, Mary C.] Res Triangle Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cosby, Bernard J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Deerhake, Marion E.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Goodale, Christine L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY USA. [Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Greaver, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM greaver.tara@epa.gov RI Cosby, Bernard/B-5653-2012; Liu, Lingli/A-7771-2008; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Liu, Lingli/0000-0002-5696-3151; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU EPA FX We thank S Jordan and T Long for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the EPA. The study was reviewed by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, EPA, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the view and policies of the EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 54 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 122 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 10 IS 7 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1890/110049 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 010KG UT WOS:000309092700015 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Sedinger, JS Nicolai, CA Oring, LW AF Lemons, Patrick R. Sedinger, James S. Nicolai, Christopher A. Oring, Lewis W. TI Sexual dimorphism, survival, and parental investment in relation to offspring sex in a precocial bird SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRANTA-BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; BLACK BRANT; SIZE DIMORPHISM; BARNACLE GEESE; SNOW GOOSE; BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING PROBABILITY; POPULATION-DENSITY; RATIO VARIATION AB Differential growth rate between males and females, owing to a sexual size dimorphism, has been proposed as a mechanism driving sex-biased survival. How parents respond to this selection pressure through sex ratio manipulation and sex-biased parental investment can have a dramatic influence on fitness. We determined how differential growth rates during early life resulting from sexual size dimorphism affected survival of young and how parents may respond in a precocial bird, the black brant Branta bernicla nigricans. We hypothesized that more rapidly growing male goslings would suffer greater mortality than females during brood rearing and that parents would respond to this by manipulating their primary sex ratio and parental investment. Male brant goslings suffered a 19.5% reduction in survival relative to female goslings and, based on simulation, we determined that a female biased population sex ratio at fledging was never overcome even though previous work demonstrated a slight male-biased post-fledging survival rate. Contrary to the Fisherian sex ratio adjustment hypothesis we found that individual adult female brant did not manipulate their primary sex ratio (50.39% male, n =?645), in response to the sex-biased population level sex ratio. However, female condition at the start of the parental care period was a good predictor of their primary sex ratio. Finally, we examined how females changed their behavior in response to primary sex ratio of their broods. We hypothesized that parents would take male biased broods to areas with increased growth rates. Parents with male biased primary sex ratios took broods to areas with higher growth rates. These factors together suggest that sex-biased growth rates during early life can dramatically affect population dynamics through sex-biased survival and recruitment which in turn affects decisions parents make about sex allocation and sex-biased parental investment in offspring to maximize fitness. C1 [Lemons, Patrick R.; Nicolai, Christopher A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sedinger, James S.; Oring, Lewis W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM patrick_lemons@fws.gov FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406]; Ducks Unlimited; Black Brant Group; Sigma Xi; Dennis Raveling Endowment; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX The research was supported by the National Science Foundation (OPP 9214970, DEB 9815383, OPP 9985931, OPP 0196406), Ducks Unlimited, The Black Brant Group, Sigma Xi, and The Dennis Raveling Endowment. Logistical support provided by the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. T. Barnett, E. Beers, E. Carr, R. Clancy, G. Curtis, K. Degroot, Y. Kawaguchi, A. Nicolai, J. Phillipsborn, C. Pylant, B. Sedinger, C. Stava, L. Valadez, C. VanStratt, L. Walberg, and K. Wolfe all assisted in the field. Molecular work was conducted through the Conservation Genetics Center and the Nevada Genomics Center at the Univ. of Nevada, Reno. We also thank Veronica Kirchoff for laboratory assistance and E. Z. Cameron, S. B. Vander Wall, M. M. Peacock, and E. G. Cooch for valuable comments on a previous draft. This research was supported by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Univ. of Nevada Reno. Most recent protocol number 00056. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 43 IS 5 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.05715.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 000PT UT WOS:000308399800008 ER PT J AU Zhang, JC Wang, P Hughes, J AF Zhang, Jicai Wang, Ping Hughes, Joseph TI EOF Analysis of Water Level Variations for Microtidal and Mangrove-Covered Frog Creek System, West-Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Estuarine dynamics; interpretation of EOF modes; low-pass filter; coherence; west-central Florida ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; STRATIFICATION; BAY; SALINITY; FILTERS; AGE AB At present, little is known about the mechanisms that control water level variations for the Frog Creek system, west central Florida, which is a mangrove-covered, microtidal, shallow estuary. Although connected with open waters, topographic and roughness constraints can alter expected variability of water levels in this area. Water level variations are especially important for the Frog Creek system, because the increases or decreases in subtidal water level change the present tidal environments. In this paper, 1-year measurements of water levels were examined using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. Water level data from eight stations were first filtered by employing a Lancz6-squared filter because of its ability to eliminate diurnal tidal signals while inducing minimal attenuation in variations with periods of 2 to 3 days, which are usually caused by wind. The filtered water levels were then analyzed using the EOF method to determine relative contributions of various forcing factors. The first three EOF modes explained 64.13%, 33.25%, and 1.55% of total variances and were interpreted by calculating correlation coefficients and coherences. We attributed EOF mode 1 to the variations of coastal subtidal water levels introduced by physical processes with longer periods, such as spring-neap tidal variability and seasonal freshwater river discharge variability. Next, EOF mode 2 was related to the effects of the local N-S wind component, which introduces short-timescale variations of the subtidal water level with typical periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. The effect of river discharge on water level was captured by EOF mode 3. Overall, EOF analysis provides an insightful tool to examine water level disturbances. C1 [Wang, Ping] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Coastal Res Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zhang, Jicai] Nanjing Univ, MOE Key Lab Coast & Isl Dev, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hughes, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Coastal Res Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jczhang2008@yahoo.cn; pwang@usf.edu; jdhughes@usgs.gov RI Zhang, Jicai/G-1520-2013; OI Zhang, Jicai/0000-0001-7916-6289; Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 FU USGS; University of South Florida; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41076006, 40976051, 40906042]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2010050]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX Two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated for their helpful comments and suggestions on a previous version of this paper. This work is supported by USGS and the University of South Florida. J.Z. is also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant 41076006, 40976051, and 40906042, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province through grant BK2010050, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1288 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00211.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 005UA UT WOS:000308774400028 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Lee, KE McLees, JM Niemela, SL AF Christensen, Victoria G. Lee, Kathy E. McLees, James M. Niemela, Scott L. TI Relations between Retired Agricultural Land, Water Quality, and Aquatic-Community Health, Minnesota River Basin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITIES; RIPARIAN ZONES; SCALE APPROACH; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMS; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB The relative importance of agricultural land retirement on water quality and aquatic-community health was investigated in the Minnesota River Basin. Eighty-two sites, with drainage areas ranging from 4.3 to 2200 km(2), were examined for nutrient concentrations, measures of aquatic-community health (e. g., fish index of biotic integrity [IBI] scores), and environmental factors (e. g., drainage area and amount of agricultural land retirement). The relation of proximity of agricultural land retirement to the stream was determined by calculating the land retirement percent in various riparian zones. Spearman's rho results indicated that IBI score was not correlated to the percentage of agricultural land retirement at the basin scale (p = 0.070); however, IBI score was correlated to retired land percentage in the 50- to 400-m riparian zones surrounding the streams (p < 0.05), indicating that riparian agricultural land retirement may have more influence on aquatic-community health than does agricultural land retirement in upland areas. Multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance models indicated that other environmental factors (such as drainage area and lacustrine and palustrine features) commonly were correlated to aquatic-community health measures, as were in-stream factors (standard deviation of water depth and substrate type). These results indicate that although agricultural land retirement is significantly related to fish communities as measured by the IBI scores, a combination of basin, riparian, and in-stream factors act together to influence IBI scores. C1 [Christensen, Victoria G.; Lee, Kathy E.; McLees, James M.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Niemela, Scott L.] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, Baxter, MN 56425 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minnesota Water Sci Ctr, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM vglenn@usgs.gov FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources FX Partial support for this study was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources. Eric Mohring, Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources, provided direction and was instrumental in obtaining additional funding for this research. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1472 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0468 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700012 PM 23099937 ER PT J AU Kalkhoff, SJ Vecchia, AV Capel, PD Meyer, MT AF Kalkhoff, Stephen J. Vecchia, Aldo V. Capel, Paul D. Meyer, Michael T. TI Eleven-Year Trend in Acetanilide Pesticide Degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BASE-FLOW CONDITIONS; SURFACE WATERS; HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; FATE; ALACHLOR; METOLACHLOR; GROUNDWATER AB Trends in concentration and loads of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor and their ethanasulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OXA) acid degradates were studied from 1996 through 2006 in the main stem of the Iowa River, Iowa and in the South Fork Iowa River, a small tributary near the headwaters of the Iowa River. Concentration trends were determined using the parametric regression model SEAWAVE-Q, which accounts for seasonal and flow-related variability. Daily estimated concentrations generated from the model were used with daily streamflow to calculate daily and yearly loads. Acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and their ESA and OXA degradates were generally present in >50% of the samples collected from both sites throughout the study. Their concentrations generally decreased from 1996 through 2006, although the rate of decrease was slower aft er 2001. Concentrations of the ESA and OXA degradates decreased from 3 to about 23% yr(-1). The concentration trend was related to the decreasing use of these compounds during the study period. Decreasing concentrations and constant runoff resulted in an average reduction of 10 to >3000 kg per year of alachlor and metolachlor ESA and OXA degradates being transported out of the Iowa River watershed. Transport of acetochlor and metolachlor parent compounds and their degradates from the Iowa River watershed ranged from <1% to about 6% of the annual application. These trends were related to the decreasing use of these compounds during the study period, but the year-to-year variability cannot explain changes in loads based on herbicide use alone. The trends were also affected by the timing and amount of precipitation. As expected, increased amounts of water moving through the watershed moved a greater percentage of the applied herbicides, especially the relatively soluble degradates, from the soils into the rivers through surface runoff, shallow groundwater inflow, and subsurface drainage. C1 [Kalkhoff, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Vecchia, Aldo V.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kalkhoff, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 1230, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. EM sjkalkho@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The authors thank the many USGS personnel in Iowa who collected water samples year-round during the 11-yr study; the laboratory personnel at the Kansas Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory who analyzed the pesticide degradate samples and the laboratory personnel at the USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory who analyzed the pesticide parent compound samples; Naomi Nakagaki for providing herbicide use data for the Iowa River watershed; and Jim Stark, Claire Rose, and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestions that greatly added to this report. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1579 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0426 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 008BI UT WOS:000308931700024 PM 23099949 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Ruggirello, JE Johnson, JH AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Ruggirello, Jack E. Johnson, James H. TI A landscape-based distribution model for fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) in the Great Lakes drainage of New York SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Freshwater fish; Predatory minnow; Species-habitat model; Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; EXTINCTION RISK; FRESH-WATER; FISH; STREAMS; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; HISTORY; RARITY AB Fallfish (Semorilus corporalis) is a large native minnow that can be both an important food source and a predator on juvenile stream fishes, including salmonids. We developed a fallfish abundance-habitat neural network model. The model explained a large fraction of observed fallfish abundance class variation (R-2 = 0.91) and predicted optimal habitat in relatively flat, low elevation, cool to warm streams associated with forested landscapes. The distribution of optimal habitat areas was limited to 9% of the stream network, but one concentration overlapped with the best salmonid production habitat in the Lake Ontario basin. These model results can help managers better understand fallfish distribution and habitat requirements, as well as help them better assess potential interspecific interactions with gamefish in the lake Ontario-St. Lawrence drainage. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Ruggirello, Jack E.; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov; jackruggirello@yahoo.com; jhjohnson@usgs.gov FU National Gap Analysis Program FX We are grateful to M. Slattery for the assistance with data management and GIS applications. We are indebted to the NY State DEC for data and support, particularly C. Festa and S. Hurst. We appreciate all of the field and data management efforts provided by NY State DEC Fishery Biologists. Thanks go to the reviewers for their efforts to help improve this manuscript. This project was supported in part by funding from the National Gap Analysis Program and is contribution #1697 of the US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.006 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993LU UT WOS:000307862000003 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Keeler, KM Puchala, EA Davis, BM Pothoven, SA AF Bunnell, David B. Keeler, Kevin M. Puchala, Elizabeth A. Davis, Bruce M. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Comparing seasonal dynamics of the Lake Huron zooplankton community between 1983-1984 and 2007 and revisiting the impact of Bythotrephes planktivory SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Community composition; Vertical distribution; Bythotrephes; Lake Huron ID CALANOID-CYCLOPOID INTERACTIONS; MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GREAT-LAKES; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; INVASIVE PREDATOR; DRY-WEIGHT; PLANKTON BIOMASS; SPECIES INVASION; FOOD-WEB; MICHIGAN AB Zooplankton community composition can be influenced by lake productivity as well as planktivory by fish or invertebrates. Previous analyses based on long-term Lake Huron zooplankton data from August reported a shift in community composition between the 1980s and 2000s: proportional biomass of calanoid copepods increased while that of cyclopoid copepods and herbivorous cladocerans decreased. Herein, we used seasonally collected data from Lake Huron in 1983-1984 and 2007 and reported similar shifts in proportional biomass. We also used a series of generalized additive models to explore differences in seasonal abundance by species and found that all three cyclopoid copepod species (Diacyclops thomasi, Mesocylops edax, Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus) exhibited higher abundance in 1983-1984 than in 2007. Surprisingly, only one (Epischura lacustris) of seven calanoid species exhibited higher abundance in 2007. The results for cladocerans were also mixed with Bosmina spp. exhibiting higher abundance in 1983-1984, while Daphnia galeata mendotae reached a higher level of abundance in 2007. We used a subset of the 2007 data to estimate not only the vertical distribution of Bythotrephes longimanus and their prey, but also the consumption by Bythotrephes in the top 20 m of water. This epilimnetic layer was dominated by copepod copepodites and nauplii, and consumption either exceeded (Hammond Bay site) or equaled 65% (Detour site) of epilimnetic zooplankton production. The lack of spatial overlap between Bythotrephes and herbivorous cladocerans and cyclopoid copepod prey casts doubt on the hypothesis that Bythotrephes planktivory was the primary driver underlying the community composition changes in the 2000s. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Keeler, Kevin M.; Puchala, Elizabeth A.; Davis, Bruce M.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov; kkeeler@usgs.gov; betsy.puchala@gmail.com; bmdavis@usgs.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Keeler, Kevin/0000-0002-8118-0060; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program [DW-14-94816701-0]; U.S. EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank Jean Adams for statistical assistance and Tim Desorcie for assistance in developing Fig. 1. We acknowledge the efforts of the crew of the R/V Sturgeon (Mike McCann, Phil Pepper, and Mark Brown), RN Grayling (Ed Perry, Jim Page), and RN Laurentian, and RN Lake Guardian. We thank Joann Cavaletto, Margi Chriscinske, Guadalupe Cummins, Bryon Daley, Tom Nalepa, Jerrine Nichols, Lynn Ogilvie, Tim O'Brien, Rich Quintal, Ed Roseman, Jeff Schaeffer, Alex Simon, Wendylee Stott, and Dave Warner for field and/or laboratory assistance. We thank Yu-Chun Kao for alerting us to the existence of the 1984 Lake Huron data. Rick Barbiero, Joe Makarewicz, and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments to an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program grant number DW-14-94816701-0 and the U.S. EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This article is Contribution 1695 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center, and Contribution 1629 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.04.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993LU UT WOS:000307862000008 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Knight, CT AF Kocovsky, Patrick M. Knight, Carey T. TI Morphological evidence of discrete stocks of yellow perch in Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Exploitation; Harvest; Management; Whole-body morphometrics ID PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; FLUVIATILIS L.; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EURASIAN PERCH; ATLANTIC COD; FISH; FLAVESCENS; SIZE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Identification and management of unique stocks of exploited fish species are high-priority management goals in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We analyzed whole-body morphometrics of 1430 yellow perch Perca flavescens captured during 2007-2009 from seven known spawning areas in Lake Erie to determine if morphometrics vary among sites and management units to assist in identification of spawning stocks of this heavily exploited species. Truss-based morphometrics (n = 21 measurements) were analyzed using principal component analysis followed by ANOVA of the first three principal components to determine whether yellow perch from the several sampling sites varied morphometrically. Duncan's multiple range test was used to determine which sites differed from one another to test whether morphometrics varied at scales finer than management unit. Morphometrics varied significantly among sites and annually, but differences among sites were much greater. Sites within the same management unit typically differed significantly from one another, indicating morphometric variation at a scale finer than management unit. These results are largely congruent with recently-published studies on genetic variation of yellow perch from many of the same sampling sites. Thus, our results provide additional evidence that there are discrete stocks of yellow perch in Lake Erie and that management units likely comprise multiple stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Kocovsky, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. [Knight, Carey T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Fairport Harbor, OH 44077 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov; carey.knight@dnr.state.oh.us NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 534 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.04.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993LU UT WOS:000307862000015 ER PT J AU Cornwell, ER Getchell, RG Groocock, GH Walsh, MG Bowser, PR AF Cornwell, Emily R. Getchell, Rodman G. Groocock, Geoffrey H. Walsh, Maureen G. Bowser, Paul R. TI Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish disease; Lake Ontario; Neogobius melanostomus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; ESOX-MASQUINONGY MITCHILL; GREAT-LAKES; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; VIRUS VHSV; IVB; INVASION; STRAIN; SPREAD; USA AB Since the first reports of mortalities due to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) type IVb in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin during 2005 (Lake St. Clair, USA and Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada), many groups have conducted surveillance efforts for the virus, primarily in nearshore areas. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has been identified as a key species to target for surveillance, because they have a very high probability of infection at a given site. Our objective in this study was to document and quantify VHSV in round gobies in offshore waters of Lake Ontario using molecular techniques. We collected 139 round gobies from depths ranging from 55 to 150 m using bottom trawls during the early spring of 2011 and detected VHSV in 4 individuals (1/26 fish at 95 m, 2/12 fish at 105 m, and 1/24 fish at 135 m). These results expand the known depth range of VHSV in the Great Lakes. They also have implications on the management of the spread of VHSV within infected bodies of water related to the mixing of populations of fish that would remain distinct in their breeding habitats, but then have the opportunity to mix in their overwintering habitats, as well as to increase overlap of predator and prey species in overwintering habitats. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornwell, Emily R.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Bowser, Paul R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Walsh, Maureen G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Cornwell, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erc58@cornell.edu; rgg4@cornell.edu; ghg3@cornell.edu; mwalsh@usgs.gov; prb4@cornell.edu FU USDA APHIS as part of an Interagency Agreement from US EPA [10-9100-1294-GR] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the USGS, especially the staff at the Great Lakes Science Center and the crew of the R/V Kaho for the collection of fish in this study. This work was funded in part by the Cooperative Agreement 10-9100-1294-GR to Cornell University from the USDA APHIS as part of an Interagency Agreement from the US EPA to USDA-APHIS entitled "Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Implementation USDA-APHIS." Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution number 1700 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 38 IS 3 BP 575 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 993LU UT WOS:000307862000020 ER PT J AU Robinson, SJ Samuel, MD Lopez, DL Shelton, P AF Robinson, Stacie J. Samuel, Michael D. Lopez, Davin L. Shelton, Paul TI The walk is never random: subtle landscape effects shape gene flow in a continuous white-tailed deer population in the Midwestern United States SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE generalized linear model; landscape genetics; model selection; spatial ordination; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEIGHBOR MATRICES; NATAL DISPERSAL; ECOLOGICAL DATA; RED DEER; WISCONSIN; HABITAT AB One of the pervasive challenges in landscape genetics is detecting gene flow patterns within continuous populations of highly mobile wildlife. Understanding population genetic structure within a continuous population can give insights into social structure, movement across the landscape and contact between populations, which influence ecological interactions, reproductive dynamics or pathogen transmission. We investigated the genetic structure of a large population of deer spanning the area of Wisconsin and Illinois, USA, affected by chronic wasting disease. We combined multiscale investigation, landscape genetic techniques and spatial statistical modelling to address the complex questions of landscape factors influencing population structure. We sampled over 2000 deer and used spatial autocorrelation and a spatial principal components analysis to describe the population genetic structure. We evaluated landscape effects on this pattern using a spatial autoregressive model within a model selection framework to test alternative hypotheses about gene flow. We found high levels of genetic connectivity, with gradients of variation across the large continuous population of white-tailed deer. At the fine scale, spatial clustering of related animals was correlated with the amount and arrangement of forested habitat. At the broader scale, impediments to dispersal were important to shaping genetic connectivity within the population. We found significant barrier effects of individual state and interstate highways and rivers. Our results offer an important understanding of deer biology and movement that will help inform the management of this species in an area where overabundance and disease spread are primary concerns. C1 [Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lopez, Davin L.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Shelton, Paul] Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. RP Robinson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Rm 208 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stacie.j.robinson@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch grant; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, particularly those at the Black Earth sample archive facility, and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, particularly those working at deer check stations. We appreciate pilot data and information from Dr. Julie Blanchong and Dr. Dan Grear. Thanks also to all laboratory technicians and staff at the UW Biotechnology Core Facility. Our manuscript benefited from comments on previous drafts from Dr. Lisette Waits and Dr. Kim Scribner. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, a U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch grant and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Thanks to the University of Wisconsin Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology for assistance with publication costs. Note that any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 94 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4190 EP 4205 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05681.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 995XB UT WOS:000308047100006 PM 22882236 ER PT J AU Schwenzer, SP Abramov, O Allen, CC Bridges, JC Clifford, SM Filiberto, J Kring, DA Lasue, J McGovern, PJ Newsom, HE Treiman, AH Vaniman, DT Wiens, RC Wittmann, A AF Schwenzer, S. P. Abramov, O. Allen, C. C. Bridges, J. C. Clifford, S. M. Filiberto, J. Kring, D. A. Lasue, J. McGovern, P. J. Newsom, H. E. Treiman, A. H. Vaniman, D. T. Wiens, R. C. Wittmann, A. TI Gale Crater: Formation and post-impact hydrous environments SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gale Crater; Impact-processes; Hydrothermal; Phyllosilicates; Astrobiology ID CHICXULUB IMPACT CRATER; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; EARLY MARS; ALTERATION ASSEMBLAGES; OBLIQUE IMPACTS; EVOLUTION; DIMENSIONS; METEORITES; HABITATS; SYSTEMS AB Gale Crater, the landing site of the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory mission, formed in the Late Noachian. It is a 150 km diameter complex impact structure with a central mound (Mount Sharp), the original features of which may be transitional between a central peak and peak ring impact structure. The impact might have melted portions of the substrate to a maximum depth of similar to 17 km and produced a minimum of 3600 km(3) of impact melt, half of which likely remained within the crater. The bulk of this impact melt would have pooled in an annular depression surrounding the central uplift, creating an impact melt pool as thick as 0.5-1 km. The ejecta blanket surrounding Gale may have been as thick as similar to 600 m, which has implications for the amount of erosion that has occurred since Gale Crater formed. After the impact, a hydrothermal system may have been active for several hundred thousand years and a crater lake with associated sediments is likely to have formed. The hydrothermal system, and associated lakes and springs, likely caused mineral alteration and precipitation. In the presence of S-rich host rocks, the alteration phases are modelled to contain sheet silicates, quartz, sulphates, and sulphides. Modelled alteration assemblages may be more complex if groundwater interaction persisted after initial alteration. The warm-water environment might have provided conditions supportive of life. Deep fractures would have allowed for hydraulic connectivity into the deep subsurface, where biotic chemistry (and possibly other evidence of life) may be preserved. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwenzer, S. P.; Abramov, O.; Clifford, S. M.; Kring, D. A.; Lasue, J.; McGovern, P. J.; Treiman, A. H.; Wittmann, A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, USRA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Allen, C. C.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Filiberto, J.] So Illinois Univ, Geol Dept MC 4234, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lasue, J.; Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Remote Sensing, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Newsom, H. E.; Vaniman, D. T.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci MSCO3 2050, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Vaniman, D. T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schwenzer, S. P.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Abramov, O.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lasue, J.] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Lasue, J.] UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Lasue, J.] IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Wittmann, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO USA. RP Schwenzer, SP (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM schwenzer@lpi.usra.edu; carlton.c.allen@nasa.gov; j.bridges@le.ac.uk; clifford@lpi.usra.edu; Filiberto@siu.edu; kring@lpi.usra.edu; lasue@lanl.gov; mcgovern@lpi.usra.edu; newsom@unm.edu; treiman@lpi.usra.edu; dvaniman@psi.edu; rwiens@lanl.gov; wittmann@levee.wustl.edu OI Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759; McGovern, Patrick/0000-0001-9647-3096 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Fundamental Research grants [NNX07AK42G, NNX09AL25G]; NASA MDAP grant [NNX09AI42G]; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant [NNH07DA001N]; NASA Mars Science Laboratory project; NASA Astrobiology Institute fellowship through the NASA Postdoctoral programme FX This work was supported, in part, by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mars Fundamental Research grants NNX07AK42G (D.A.K. and S.P.S.) and NNX09AL25G (A.H.T. and J.F.); by NASA MDAP grant number NNX09AI42G (P.J.M.); and by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant NNH07DA001N (H.E.N.). The NASA Mars Science Laboratory project supported R.C.W. and D.V., while a NASA Astrobiology Institute fellowship awarded to O.A. through the NASA Postdoctoral programme supported his work. We thank Charles Cockell and Nathalie Cabrol for discussions that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. This is Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) contribution 1626. NR 97 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 70 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000LD UT WOS:000308386900008 ER PT J AU Tracy-Smith, E Galat, DL Jacobson, RB AF Tracy-Smith, Emily Galat, David L. Jacobson, Robert B. TI EFFECTS OF FLOW DYNAMICS ON THE AQUATIC-TERRESTRIAL TRANSITION ZONE (ATTZ) OF LOWER MISSOURI RIVER SANDBARS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SELECTED BIOTA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE adaptive management; channelized river; environmental flows; habitat modelling; riverine fishes; river turtles; shorebirds; wading birds ID ENDANGERED LEAST TERNS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; TRIONYX-MUTICUS; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; STERNA-ANTILLARUM; MICROHABITAT USE; PREDATION RISK; MAIN-CHANNEL; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE AB Sandbars are an important aquatic terrestrial transition zone (ATTZ) in the active channel of rivers that provide a variety of habitat conditions for riverine biota. Channelization and flow regulation in many large rivers have diminished sandbar habitats and their rehabilitation is a priority. We developed sandbar-specific models of discharge-area relationships to determine how changes in flow regime affect the area of different habitat types within the submerged sandbar ATTZ (depth) and exposed sandbar ATTZ (elevation) for a representative sample of Lower Missouri River sandbars. We defined six different structural habitat types within the sandbar ATTZ based on depth or exposed elevation ranges that are important to different biota during at least part of their annual cycle for either survival or reproduction. Scenarios included the modelled natural flow regime, current managed flow regime and two environmental flow options, all modelled within the contemporary river active channel. Thirteen point and wing-dike sandbars were evaluated under four different flow scenarios to explore the effects of flow regime on seasonal habitat availability for foraging of migratory shorebirds and wading birds, nesting of softshell turtles and nursery of riverine fishes. Managed flows provided more foraging habitat for shorebirds and wading birds and more nursery habitat for riverine fishes within the channelized reach sandbar ATTZ than the natural flow regime or modelled environmental flows. Reduced summer flows occurring under natural and environmental flow alternatives increased exposed sandbar nesting habitat for softshell turtle hatchling emergence. Results reveal how management of channelized and flow regulated large rivers could benefit from a modelling framework that couples hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics to predict habitat conditions for a variety of biota. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tracy-Smith, Emily] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Galat, David L.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Tracy-Smith, E (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM emktracy@yahoo.com FU U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center; Missouri Department of Conservation FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center and the Missouri Department of Conservation. Authors thank K. Reeves, C. Elliott, M. Smith, S. Crimmins and D. Bull for field work assistance, the Columbia Environmental Research Center for surveying equipment and GIS technical support, and C. Wikle, M. Ellerseick, M. Wildhaber and J. Bryan for assistance with statistical analysis. The manuscript was improved by comments from Jason Alexander, Rochelle Renken and Clayton Ridenour. They are particularly indebted to Casey Lott for his insights on application of our results to recovery of interior least terns. This is a contribution from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U. S. Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, Wildlife Management Institute and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating). The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government or the US Geological Survey. This article was prepared in part by a US Government employee as part of his official duties. Therefore it constitutes US Government work as defined in Title 10 of the US Code for which no copyright is available. NR 116 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 793 EP 813 DI 10.1002/rra.1492 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000PK UT WOS:000308398900001 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Smith, AJ AF Baldigo, B. P. Smith, A. J. TI EFFECTS OF FLOW RELEASES ON MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES IN THE INDIAN AND HUDSON RIVERS IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN NEW YORK SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE recreational releases; pulse flows; macroinvertebrate communities; impoundment effects; dam; flow regulation ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; FISH; DOWNSTREAM; REMOVAL; STREAM AB The effects of flow releases (daily during spring and four times weekly during summer) from a small impoundment on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the lower Indian River and upper Hudson River of northern New York were assessed during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Community indices, feeding guilds, dominant species and BrayCurtis similarities at three sites on the Indian River, below a regulated impoundment, were compared with those at four control sites on the Cedar River, below a run-of-the-river impoundment of comparable size. The same indices at four less-likely affected sites on the Hudson River, below the mouth of the Indian River, were compared with those at an upstream control site on the Hudson River. Results show that the function and apparent health of macroinvertebrate communities were generally unaffected by atypical flow regimes and/or altered water quality at study reaches downstream from both dams in the Indian, Cedar and Hudson Rivers. The lentic nature of releases from both impoundments, however, produced significant changes in the structure of assemblages at Indian and Cedar River sites immediately downstream from both dams, moderate effects at two Indian River sites 2.4 and 4.0?km downstream from its dam, little or no effect at three Cedar River sites 7.234.2?km downstream from its dam, and no effect at any Hudson River site. BrayCurtis similarities indicate that assemblages did not differ significantly among sites within similar impact categories. The paucity of scrapers at all Indian River sites, and the predominance of filter-feeding Simulium gouldingi and Pisidium compressum immediately below Abanakee dam, show that only minor differences in dominant species and trophic structure of macroinvertebrate communities occurred at affected sites in the Indian River compared to the Cedar River. Thus, flow releases had only a small, localized effect on macroinvertebrate communities in the Indian River. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Baldigo, B. P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Smith, A. J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov FU NYSDEC; United States Geological Survey FX The authors extend their appreciation to Christiane Mulvhill and Anne Ernst of the United States Geological Survey; Richard Preall and Richard Fenton of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC); Beth Boisvert, Brittney Foster-Pettit and Beth Vollmer of Cornell University; and Gary Lester of EcoAnalysts for technical support. This research was also funded by the NYSDEC and the United States Geological Survey. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 858 EP 871 DI 10.1002/rra.1480 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000PK UT WOS:000308398900005 ER PT J AU Poirier, JM Whitesel, TA Johnson, JR AF Poirier, Jennifer M. Whitesel, Timothy A. Johnson, Jeffrey R. TI CHUM SALMON SPAWNING ACTIVITY IN TRIBUTARIES BELOW BONNEVILLE DAM: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH TAILWATER ELEVATION AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; tailwater regulation; tributaries; spawning activity; precipitation; Columbia River ID ATLANTIC SALMON; REGULATED RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT; FLOW REGIMES; TRUTTA L.; SALAR L.; TROUT; FISH AB Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) below Bonneville Dam migrate through as well as hold and spawn in both tributaries and mainstem areas of the Columbia River, USA. Whether fluctuations in tailwater elevation influence spawning in tributaries is unclear. We examined the relationship between Bonneville Dam tailwater elevation, seasonal precipitation and chum salmon spawning activities in three tributary spawning areas. In these tributaries, we assessed initial date of entry, time required to enter and length of spawning season, as well as the proportion of the total population that spawned in tributaries and the distribution of spawners among tributaries. Using linear regression, these variables were compared to cumulative hours of tailwater elevation = 3.5?m and cumulative precipitation. Increased Bonneville Dam tailwater elevation was associated with later and longer lasting chum salmon spawning activities, but was not associated with the distribution of chum salmon spawners in tributaries. Increased seasonal precipitation was associated with a more prolonged spawning season and relatively even distribution of adult chum salmon, but was unrelated to the timing of chum salmon spawning in tributaries. The regulation of tailwater elevation downstream from Bonneville Dam can influence the spawning process for chum salmon in tributaries that enter the regulated area. How important this influence is to the decline of chum salmon in the Columbia River is unclear. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Poirier, Jennifer M.; Whitesel, Timothy A.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Poirier, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA USA. EM jennifer_poirier@fws.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [2000-012-00] FX Funding for this study was provided in part by the Bonneville Power Administration (project No. 2000-012-00). We thank B. Taylor and one anonymous reviewer who provided valuable suggestions that improved this paper. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1002/rra.1482 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000PK UT WOS:000308398900007 ER PT J AU Muhlfeld, CC Jones, L Kotter, D Miller, WJ Geise, D Tohtz, J Marotz, B AF Muhlfeld, C. C. Jones, L. Kotter, D. Miller, W. J. Geise, D. Tohtz, J. Marotz, B. TI ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF RIVER REGULATION ON NATIVE BULL TROUT (SALVELINUS CONFLUENTUS) AND WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKII LEWISI) HABITATS IN THE UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER, MONTANA, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE flow regulation; dams; bull trout; westslope cutthroat trout; IFIM; fish habitat; two-dimensional hydrodynamic habitat modelling ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STREAM REGULATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; BLACKFOOT RIVER; UNITED-STATES; FLOW REGIMES; FRESH-WATER; HOMOGENIZATION AB Hungry Horse Dam on the South Fork Flathead River, Montana, USA, has modified the natural flow regimen for power generation, flood risk management and flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery in the Columbia River. Concern over the detrimental effects of dam operations on native resident fishes prompted research to quantify the impacts of alternative flow management strategies on threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) habitats. Seasonal and life-stage specific habitat suitability criteria were combined with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic habitat model to assess discharge effects on usable habitats. Telemetry data used to construct seasonal habitat suitability curves revealed that subadult (fish that emigrated from natal streams to the river system) bull trout move to shallow, low-velocity shoreline areas at night, which are most sensitive to flow fluctuations. Habitat time series analyses comparing the natural flow regimen (predam, 19291952) with five postdam flow management strategies (19532008) show that the natural flow conditions optimize the critical bull trout habitats and that the current strategy best resembles the natural flow conditions of all postdam periods. Late summer flow augmentation for anadromous fish recovery, however, produces higher discharges than predam conditions, which reduces the availability of usable habitat during this critical growing season. Our results suggest that past flow management policies that created sporadic streamflow fluctuations were likely detrimental to resident salmonids and that natural flow management strategies will likely improve the chances of protecting key ecosystem processes and help to maintain and restore threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout populations in the upper Columbia River Basin. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Jones, L.; Kotter, D.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Miller, W. J.] Miller Ecol Consultants Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Geise, D.] Spatial Sci & Imaging, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Tohtz, J.; Marotz, B.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA. RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks; US Geological Survey FX The authors thank Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the US Geological Survey for funding and administration of the project. They thank S. Glutting, R. Hunt, D. Belcer and M. Boyer for assistance in the field; G. Pess, A. Wilcox, K. Tiffan, C. Kendall, P. Van Eimeren, J. Giersch, S. Carrithers, S. Reller, J. Kershner and one anonymous reviewer for reviews of the previous drafts. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 7 BP 940 EP 959 DI 10.1002/rra.1494 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 000PK UT WOS:000308398900011 ER PT J AU Desmet, M Mourier, B Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Roux, G Persat, H Lefevre, I Peretti, A Chapron, E Simonneau, A Miege, C Babut, M AF Desmet, Marc Mourier, Brice Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Roux, Gwenaelle Persat, Henri Lefevre, Irene Peretti, Annie Chapron, Emmanuel Simonneau, Anaelle Miege, Cecile Babut, Marc TI Spatial and temporal trends in PCBs in sediment along the lower Rhone River, France SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB); Sediment core; Rhone River; Spatial and temporal trends ID ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; TERM CHANGES; CONTAMINATION; ACCUMULATION; CORES; URBAN; MODEL AB Despite increasingly strict control of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) releases in France since the mid-1970s, PCB contamination of fish recently has emerged as a major concern in the lower Rhilne River basin. We measured PCB concentrations in Rhone sediment to evaluate the effects of PCB releases from major urban and industrial areas, sediment redistribution by large floods, and regulatory controls on PCB trends from 1970 to present. Profiles of PCBs (the sum of seven indicator PCB congeners) were reconstructed from sediment cores collected from an off-river rural reference site and from three depositional areas along the Rhone upstream and downstream from the city of Lyon, France. Core chronology was determined from radionuclide profiles and flood deposits. PCB concentrations increased progressively in the downstream direction, and reached a maximum concentration in 1991 of 281 mu g/kg at the most downstream site. At the rural reference site and at the upstream Rhone site, PCB concentrations peaked in the 1970s (maximum concentration of 13 and 78 mu g/kg, respectively) and have decreased exponentially since then. PCB concentrations in the middle and downstream cores were elevated into the early 1990s. decreased very rapidly until 2000, and since then have remained relatively stable. Congener profiles for three time windows (1965-80,1986-93, and 2000-08) were similar in the three sediment cores from the Rhone and different from those at the rural reference site. The results indicate that permitted discharges from a hazardous-waste treatment facility upstream from Lyon might have contributed to high concentrations into the 1980-90s, but that industrial discharges from the greater Lyon area and tributaries to the Rhone near Lyon have had a greater contribution since the 1990s. There is little indication that PCB concentration in sediments downstream from Lyon will decrease over at least the short term. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Desmet, Marc] Univ Tours, EA GEHCO 6293, F-37200 Tours, France. [Persat, Henri] Univ Lyon 1, UMR Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises 5023, ENTPE, CNRS, F-69221 Villeurbanne, France. [Mourier, Brice; Roux, Gwenaelle] Univ Lyon 1, UMR Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises 5023, ENTPE, CNRS, F-69518 Vaulx En Velin, France. [Lefevre, Irene] LSCE, UMR 8212, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Peretti, Annie; Miege, Cecile; Babut, Marc] UR MALY, Irstea, F-69336 Lyon, France. [Chapron, Emmanuel; Simonneau, Anaelle] Univ Orleans, UMR CNRS ISTO 6113, F-45071 Orleans, France. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM marc.desmet@univ-tours.fr; brice.mourier@entpe.fr; bjmahler@usgs.gov; pcvanmet@usgs.gov; gwenaelle.roux@entpe.fr; persat@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr; Irene.Lefevre@lsce.ipsl.fr; royannie@gmail.com; emmanuel.chapron@univ-orleans.fr; anaelle.simonneau@univ-orleans.fr; cecile.miege@irstea.fr; marc.babut@irstea.fr RI Miege, Cecile/F-1050-2015; Simonneau, Anaelle/A-6186-2012; OI Miege, Cecile/0000-0003-2521-0365; Simonneau, Anaelle/0000-0001-6194-4812; Mourier, Brice/0000-0001-8881-7346; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU European Regional and Development Fund (Pre-Sed PCB axelera program); Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency; Rhone-Alpes Region; Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region; Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (CNR); ONEMA (National Office of Water and Aquatic Environments) FX This project was funded by the European Regional and Development Fund (Pre-Sed PCB axelera program) and the Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency, the Rhone-Alpes Region, the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region, and the Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (CNR) in the context of the Rhone River ecological restoration plan, and ONEMA (National Office of Water and Aquatic Environments). Beyond financial support, these agencies had no role in the study design or in the preparation, review, or approval of this article for publication. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 433 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005ZA UT WOS:000308787500019 PM 22789819 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Campbell, BR Thompson, R Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Burkhardt, MR Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Hay, AG AF Kinney, Chad A. Campbell, Bryan R. Thompson, Regina Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Burkhardt, Mark R. Zaugg, Steven D. Werner, Stephen L. Hay, Anthony G. TI Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biosolids; Toxicity; Earthworm; Seedling emergence; Bioaccumulation ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; PHARMACEUTICALS; PH; BIOAVAILABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; PLANTS AB Land application of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) can be an important route for introducing xenobiotic compounds into terrestrial environments. There is a paucity of available information on the effects of biosolids amendment on terrestrial organisms. In this study, the influence of biosolids and biosolids aging on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reproduction and survival and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedling emergence was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to soils amended with varying quantities of biosolids (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% dry mass). To investigate the influence of biosolids aging, the biosolids used in the study were aged for differing lengths of time (2 or 8 weeks) prior to exposure. All of the adult earthworms survived in the biosolids-amended soils at all concentrations that were aged for 2 weeks; however, only 20% of the adults survived in the soil amended with the highest concentration of biosolids and aged for 8 weeks. Reproduction as measured by mean number of juveniles and unhatched cocoons produced per treatment correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, although the effects were generally more pronounced in the 8-week aged biosolids-soil samples. latent seedling emergence and reduced seedling fitness correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, but these effects were tempered in the 8-week aged versus the 2-week aged soil-biosolids mixtures. Anthropogenic waste indicator compounds (AWIs) were measured in the biosolids, biosolids-soil mixtures, and earthworm samples. Where possible. bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated or estimated. A wide variety of AWIs were detected in the biosolids (51 AWIs) and earthworm samples (<= 19 AWI). The earthworms exposed to the 8-week aged biosolids-soil mixtures tended to accumulate greater quantities of AWIs compared to the 2-week aged mixture, suggesting that the bioavailability of some AWIs was enhanced with aging. The BAFs for a given AWI varied with treatment. Notably large BAFs were determined for some AWIs. For example, the maximum BAF determined for para-cresol, methyl salicylate, bisphenol-A. and cholesterol was greater than 100 in some treatments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Campbell, Bryan R.; Hay, Anthony G.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thompson, Regina] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Burkhardt, Mark R.] US EPA, Reg Lab 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Hay, Anthony G.] Cornell Univ, Inst Comparat & Environm Toxicol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kinney, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, 2200 Bonforte Blvd, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. EM chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu FU Research Corporation Cottrell College Science Award; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USDA Hatch program; College of Science and Mathematics at Colorado State University-Pueblo FX The research described herein was supported in part by a Research Corporation Cottrell College Science Award, the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the USDA Hatch program, and the College of Science and Mathematics at Colorado State University-Pueblo. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 433 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005ZA UT WOS:000308787500055 PM 22832088 ER PT J AU Tillitt, DE Kraft, CE Honeyfield, DC Fitzsimons, JD AF Tillitt, Donald E. Kraft, Clifford E. Honeyfield, Dale C. Fitzsimons, John D. TI Thiamine deficiency: A viable hypothesis for paralytic syndrome in Baltic birds. Commentary on Sonne et al., 2012. A review of the factors causing paralysis in wild birds: Implications for the paralytic syndrome observed in the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment 416:32-39. SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAKE TROUT C1 [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Fitzsimons, John D.] Golder Associates, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov; cek7@cornell.edu; honeyfie@usgs.gov; John_Fitzsimons@golder.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 433 BP 561 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.080 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 005ZA UT WOS:000308787500061 PM 22818912 ER PT J AU Kinoshita, R Moebius-Clune, BN van Es, HM Hively, WD Bilgili, AV AF Kinoshita, Rintaro Moebius-Clune, Bianca N. van Es, Harold M. Hively, W. Dean Bilgili, A. Volkan TI Strategies for Soil Quality Assessment Using Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in a Western Kenya Chronosequence SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; TROPICAL FOREST; RIVER FLOODPLAINS; PHYSICAL QUALITY; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON; FIELD; NITROGEN; REGRESSION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive method that can predict multiple soil properties simultaneously, but its application in multidimensional soil quality (SQ) assessment in the tropics still needs to be further assessed. In this study, VNIRS (350-2500 nm) was employed to analyze 227 air-dried soil samples of Ultisols from a soil chronosequence in western Kenya and assess 16 SQ indicators. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was validated using the full-site cross-validation method by grouping samples from each farm or forest site. Most suitable models successfully predicted SQ indicators (R-2 >= 0.80; ratio of performance to deviation [RPD] >= 2.00) including soil organic matter (OMLOI), active C, Ca, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and clay. Moderately-well predicted indicators (0.50 <= R-2 < 0.80; 1.40 <= RPD < 2.00) were water stable aggregation (WSA), Cu, silt, Mg, pH, sand, water content at permanent wilting point (Theta(pwp)), and field capacity (Theta(fc)). Poorly predicted indicators (R-2 < 0.50; RPD < 1.40) were EC, S, P, available water capacity (AWC), K, Zn, and penetration resistance. Combining VNIRS with selected field-and laboratory-measured SQ indicator values increased predictability. Furthermore, VNIRS showed moderate to substantial agreement in predicting interpretive SQ scores and a composite soil quality index (CSQI) especially when combined with directly measured SQ indicator values. In conclusion, VNIRS has good potential for low cost, rapid assessment of physical and biological SQ indicators but conventional soil chemical tests may need to be retained to provide comprehensive SQ assessments. C1 [Kinoshita, Rintaro; Moebius-Clune, Bianca N.; van Es, Harold M.] Cornell Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USGS Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bilgili, A. Volkan] Harran Univ, Fac Agr, Dep Soil Sci, TR-63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey. RP Kinoshita, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rk422@cornell.edu FU USDA-NIFA; NSF [BCS-0215890]; Heiwa Nakajima Foundation; Bradfield family; Saltonstall family; Cornell Graduate School; Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies FX This work was in part supported through a USDA-NIFA Special Grant on Computational Agriculture. Samples were derived from sites established and maintained through the Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program at Cornell (funded by NSF, BCS-0215890), and the efforts of James Kinyangi, Solomon Ngoze, Joseph Kimetu, John Recha, Johannes Lehmann, and many field staff members and smallholder farmers in Kenya. We thank James Reeves and Robert Schindelbeck as well as three anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions. We also acknowledge support from the Heiwa Nakajima Foundation, the Bradfield family, the Saltonstall family, Cornell Graduate School, and the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies, and from collaborators at the World Agroforestry Centre and at the Kenya Forestry Research Institute. NR 83 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 56 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1776 EP 1788 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0307 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 006GA UT WOS:000308806300025 ER PT J AU Maurice, S Wiens, RC Saccoccio, M Barraclough, B Gasnault, O Forni, O Mangold, N Baratoux, D Bender, S Berger, G Bernardin, J Berthe, M Bridges, N Blaney, D Bouye, M Cais, P Clark, B Clegg, S Cousin, A Cremers, D Cros, A DeFlores, L Derycke, C Dingler, B Dromart, G Dubois, B Dupieux, M Durand, E d'Uston, L Fabre, C Faure, B Gaboriaud, A Gharsa, T Herkenhoff, K Kan, E Kirkland, L Kouach, D Lacour, JL Langevin, Y Lasue, J Le Mouelic, S Lescure, M Lewin, E Limonadi, D Manhes, G Mauchien, P McKay, C Meslin, PY Michel, Y Miller, E Newsom, HE Orttner, G Paillet, A Pares, L Parot, Y Perez, R Pinet, P Poitrasson, F Quertier, B Salle, B Sotin, C Sautter, V Seran, H Simmonds, JJ Sirven, JB Stiglich, R Striebig, N Thocaven, JJ Toplis, MJ Vaniman, D AF Maurice, S. Wiens, R. C. Saccoccio, M. Barraclough, B. Gasnault, O. Forni, O. Mangold, N. Baratoux, D. Bender, S. Berger, G. Bernardin, J. Berthe, M. Bridges, N. Blaney, D. Bouye, M. Cais, P. Clark, B. Clegg, S. Cousin, A. Cremers, D. Cros, A. DeFlores, L. Derycke, C. Dingler, B. Dromart, G. Dubois, B. Dupieux, M. Durand, E. d'Uston, L. Fabre, C. Faure, B. Gaboriaud, A. Gharsa, T. Herkenhoff, K. Kan, E. Kirkland, L. Kouach, D. Lacour, J. -L. Langevin, Y. Lasue, J. Le Mouelic, S. Lescure, M. Lewin, E. Limonadi, D. Manhes, G. Mauchien, P. McKay, C. Meslin, P. -Y. Michel, Y. Miller, E. Newsom, H. E. Orttner, G. Paillet, A. Pares, L. Parot, Y. Perez, R. Pinet, P. Poitrasson, F. Quertier, B. Salle, B. Sotin, C. Sautter, V. Seran, H. Simmonds, J. J. Sirven, J. -B. Stiglich, R. Striebig, N. Thocaven, J. -J. Toplis, M. J. Vaniman, D. TI The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Spectroscopy; LIBS; Instruments; Planetary surfaces; Chemical composition ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; PATHFINDER SITE; BOUNCE ROCK; SOILS; CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITS; WATER; SHERGOTTITE AB ChemCam is a remote sensing instrument suite on board the "Curiosity" rover (NASA) that uses Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide the elemental composition of soils and rocks at the surface of Mars from a distance of 1.3 to 7 m, and a telescopic imager to return high resolution context and micro-images at distances greater than 1.16 m. We describe five analytical capabilities: rock classification, quantitative composition, depth profiling, context imaging, and passive spectroscopy. They serve as a toolbox to address most of the science questions at Gale crater. ChemCam consists of a Mast-Unit (laser, telescope, camera, and electronics) and a Body-Unit (spectrometers, digital processing unit, and optical demultiplexer), which are connected by an optical fiber and an electrical interface. We then report on the development, integration, and testing of the Mast-Unit, and summarize some key characteristics of ChemCam. This confirmed that nominal or better than nominal performances were achieved for critical parameters, in particular power density (> 1 GW/cm(2)). The analysis spot diameter varies from 350 mu m at 2 m to 550 mu m at 7 m distance. For remote imaging, the camera field of view is 20 mrad for 1024x1024 pixels. Field tests demonstrated that the resolution (similar to 90 mu rad) made it possible to identify laser shots on a wide variety of images. This is sufficient for visualizing laser shot pits and textures of rocks and soils. An auto-exposure capability optimizes the dynamical range of the images. Dedicated hardware and software focus the telescope, with precision that is appropriate for the LIBS and imaging depths-of-field. The light emitted by the plasma is collected and sent to the Body-Unit via a 6 m optical fiber. The companion to this paper (Wiens et al. this issue) reports on the development of the Body-Unit, on the analysis of the emitted light, and on the good match between instrument performance and science specifications. C1 [Maurice, S.; Gasnault, O.; Forni, O.; Baratoux, D.; Berger, G.; Cousin, A.; Cros, A.; Dupieux, M.; d'Uston, L.; Gharsa, T.; Lasue, J.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Orttner, G.; Pares, L.; Parot, Y.; Pinet, P.; Salle, B.; Seran, H.; Thocaven, J. -J.; Toplis, M. J.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Wiens, R. C.; Barraclough, B.; Bender, S.; Bernardin, J.; Clegg, S.; Dingler, B.; Lasue, J.; Stiglich, R.; Vaniman, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Saccoccio, M.; Faure, B.; Gaboriaud, A.; Michel, Y.; Paillet, A.; Perez, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Mangold, N.; Le Mouelic, S.; Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. [Berthe, M.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Berthe, M.; Langevin, Y.] CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bridges, N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Blaney, D.; DeFlores, L.; Kan, E.; Limonadi, D.; Miller, E.; Sotin, C.; Simmonds, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bouye, M.; Dubois, B.; Kouach, D.; Striebig, N.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Grp Instrumentat Sci, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Cais, P.; Quertier, B.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Clark, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Cremers, D.] Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Derycke, C.; Durand, E.] Thales Optron Sa, Elancourt, France. [Dromart, G.] Univ Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, Ecole Normal Super Lyon, Lyon, France. [Fabre, C.] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Herkenhoff, K.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kirkland, L.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lacour, J. -L.; Mauchien, P.; Salle, B.; Sirven, J. -B.] CEA, DEN, Dept Phys Chem, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lewin, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Lewin, E.] CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Manhes, G.] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. [McKay, C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lescure, M.] CNRS, Lab Anal & Architecture Syst, Toulouse, France. [Sautter, V.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, Lab Mineral & Cosmochim, Paris, France. [Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Maurice, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM sylvestre.maurice@irap.omp.eu RI Cecile, FABRE/B-5827-2012; Baratoux, David/H-6006-2012; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/H-5782-2013; Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; LEWIN, Eric/F-1451-2017; OI Baratoux, David/0000-0002-1785-5262; Sirven, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0002-5523-6809; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948; Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689 FU France by the French Space Agency (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); NASA's Mars Program Office FX This work was supported in France by the French Space Agency (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and many institutes and universities across the country. It has benefitted from the continuous support of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (OMP) and its director B. Dupre, where the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), the laboratory responsible of the delivery of ChemCam Mast-Unit is located. Collaboration by colleagues in the US was funded by NASA's Mars Program Office. NR 74 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 101 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 95 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9912-2 PG 72 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500006 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Maurice, S Barraclough, B Saccoccio, M Barkley, WC Bell, JF Bender, S Bernardin, J Blaney, D Blank, J Bouye, M Bridges, N Bultman, N Cais, P Clanton, RC Clark, B Clegg, S Cousin, A Cremers, D Cros, A DeFlores, L Delapp, D Dingler, R D'Uston, C Dyar, MD Elliott, T Enemark, D Fabre, C Flores, M Forni, O Gasnault, O Hale, T Hays, C Herkenhoff, K Kan, E Kirkland, L Kouach, D Landis, D Langevin, Y Lanza, N LaRocca, F Lasue, J Latino, J Limonadi, D Lindensmith, C Little, C Mangold, N Manhes, G Mauchien, P McKay, C Miller, E Mooney, J Morris, RV Morrison, L Nelson, T Newsom, H Ollila, A Ott, M Pares, L Perez, R Poitrasson, F Provost, C Reiter, JW Roberts, T Romero, F Sautter, V Salazar, S Simmonds, JJ Stiglich, R Storms, S Striebig, N Thocaven, JJ Trujillo, T Ulibarri, M Vaniman, D Warner, N Waterbury, R Whitaker, R Witt, J Wong-Swanson, B AF Wiens, Roger C. Maurice, Sylvestre Barraclough, Bruce Saccoccio, Muriel Barkley, Walter C. Bell, James F., III Bender, Steve Bernardin, John Blaney, Diana Blank, Jennifer Bouye, Marc Bridges, Nathan Bultman, Nathan Cais, Phillippe Clanton, Robert C. Clark, Benton Clegg, Samuel Cousin, Agnes Cremers, David Cros, Alain DeFlores, Lauren Delapp, Dorothea Dingler, Robert D'Uston, Claude Dyar, M. Darby Elliott, Tom Enemark, Don Fabre, Cecile Flores, Mike Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Olivier Hale, Thomas Hays, Charles Herkenhoff, Ken Kan, Ed Kirkland, Laurel Kouach, Driss Landis, David Langevin, Yves Lanza, Nina LaRocca, Frank Lasue, Jeremie Latino, Joseph Limonadi, Daniel Lindensmith, Chris Little, Cynthia Mangold, Nicolas Manhes, Gerard Mauchien, Patrick McKay, Christopher Miller, Ed Mooney, Joe Morris, Richard V. Morrison, Leland Nelson, Tony Newsom, Horton Ollila, Ann Ott, Melanie Pares, Laurent Perez, Rene Poitrasson, Franck Provost, Cheryl Reiter, Joseph W. Roberts, Tom Romero, Frank Sautter, Violaine Salazar, Steven Simmonds, John J. Stiglich, Ralph Storms, Steven Striebig, Nicolas Thocaven, Jean-Jacques Trujillo, Tanner Ulibarri, Mike Vaniman, David Warner, Noah Waterbury, Rob Whitaker, Robert Witt, James Wong-Swanson, Belinda TI The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; RMI; Mars Science Laboratory; MSL; Curiosity; Gale Crater; Laser plasma; ChemCam ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; PLIOCENE MACUSANI VOLCANICS; GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SE PERU; LIBS; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROGRAPH; REFLECTANCE; MINERALOGY AB The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity provides remote compositional information using the first laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) on a planetary mission, and provides sample texture and morphology data using a remote micro-imager (RMI). Overall, ChemCam supports MSL with five capabilities: remote classification of rock and soil characteristics; quantitative elemental compositions including light elements like hydrogen and some elements to which LIBS is uniquely sensitive (e.g., Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Ba); remote removal of surface dust and depth profiling through surface coatings; context imaging; and passive spectroscopy over the 240-905 nm range. ChemCam is built in two sections: The mast unit, consisting of a laser, telescope, RMI, and associated electronics, resides on the rover's mast, and is described in a companion paper. ChemCam's body unit, which is mounted in the body of the rover, comprises an optical demultiplexer, three spectrometers, detectors, their coolers, and associated electronics and data handling logic. Additional instrument components include a 6 m optical fiber which transfers the LIBS light from the telescope to the body unit, and a set of onboard calibration targets. ChemCam was integrated and tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory where it also underwent LIBS calibration with 69 geological standards prior to integration with the rover. Post-integration testing used coordinated mast and instrument commands, including LIBS line scans on rock targets during system-level thermal-vacuum tests. In this paper we describe the body unit, optical fiber, and calibration targets, and the assembly, testing, and verification of the instrument prior to launch. C1 [Wiens, Roger C.; Barraclough, Bruce; Barkley, Walter C.; Bender, Steve; Bernardin, John; Bultman, Nathan; Clanton, Robert C.; Clegg, Samuel; Delapp, Dorothea; Dingler, Robert; Enemark, Don; Flores, Mike; Hale, Thomas; Lanza, Nina; Lasue, Jeremie; Latino, Joseph; Little, Cynthia; Morrison, Leland; Nelson, Tony; Romero, Frank; Salazar, Steven; Stiglich, Ralph; Storms, Steven; Trujillo, Tanner; Ulibarri, Mike; Vaniman, David; Whitaker, Robert; Witt, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Maurice, Sylvestre; Bouye, Marc; Cousin, Agnes; Cros, Alain; D'Uston, Claude; Forni, Olivier; Gasnault, Olivier; Kouach, Driss; Lasue, Jeremie; Pares, Laurent; Poitrasson, Franck; Striebig, Nicolas; Thocaven, Jean-Jacques] Univ Toulouse 3, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Maurice, Sylvestre; Bouye, Marc; Cousin, Agnes; D'Uston, Claude; Forni, Olivier; Gasnault, Olivier; Kouach, Driss; Lasue, Jeremie; Pares, Laurent; Poitrasson, Franck; Striebig, Nicolas; Thocaven, Jean-Jacques] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Saccoccio, Muriel; Perez, Rene] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Bell, James F., III; Hays, Charles] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Blaney, Diana; DeFlores, Lauren; Elliott, Tom; Kan, Ed; Limonadi, Daniel; Lindensmith, Chris; Miller, Ed; Reiter, Joseph W.; Roberts, Tom; Simmonds, John J.; Warner, Noah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Blank, Jennifer] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Bridges, Nathan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Cais, Phillippe] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33299 Bordeaux, France. [Clark, Benton] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Cremers, David] Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Fabre, Cecile] Univ Nancy, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Herkenhoff, Ken] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kirkland, Laurel] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Landis, David] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Tampa, FL USA. [Langevin, Yves] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lanza, Nina; Newsom, Horton; Ollila, Ann] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [LaRocca, Frank; Ott, Melanie] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mangold, Nicolas] Univ Nantes, CNRS, LPGN, UMR6112, Nantes, France. [Manhes, Gerard] Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris, France. [Mauchien, Patrick] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Blank, Jennifer; McKay, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Mooney, Joe; Provost, Cheryl] CeramOptec Ind Inc, E Longmeadow, MA USA. [Morris, Richard V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sautter, Violaine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. [Sautter, Violaine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Cosmochim Museum, F-75005 Paris, France. [Waterbury, Rob] Ocean Opt Inc, Dunedin, FL USA. [Wong-Swanson, Belinda] Innov8 LLC, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Barraclough, Bruce; Bender, Steve; Vaniman, David] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wiens, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov RI Cecile, FABRE/B-5827-2012; Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA Mars Program in the US; CNES in France; NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Mars Program in the US and CNES in France. Pre-selection development of LIBS for planetary science was supported in the US by grants from NASA's Mars Instrument Development Program (MIDP). The ChemCam team wishes to thank the additional people who supported the ChemCam program at various institutions, including Thomas Liimatainen who fabricated the calibration target body. Assistance at LANL by E. Michel, J. Salazar, R. D. Gurule, P. Archuleta, A. Mezzacappa, L.-M. Nortier, L. Salazar, D. Mietz, E. Fenimore, B. Dougherty, M. Fazio, and K. Saeger was greatly appreciated. NR 54 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 84 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9902-4 PG 61 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500007 ER PT J AU Edgett, KS Yingst, RA Ravine, MA Caplinger, MA Maki, JN Ghaemi, FT Schaffner, J Bell, JF Edwards, LJ Herkenhoff, KE Heydari, E Kah, LC Lemmon, MT Minitti, ME Olson, TS Parker, TJ Rowland, SK Schieber, J Sullivan, RJ Sumner, DY Thomas, PC Jensen, EH Simmonds, JJ Sengstacken, AJ Willson, RG Goetz, W AF Edgett, Kenneth S. Yingst, R. Aileen Ravine, Michael A. Caplinger, Michael A. Maki, Justin N. Ghaemi, F. Tony Schaffner, Jacob A. Bell, James F., III Edwards, Laurence J. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Heydari, Ezat Kah, Linda C. Lemmon, Mark T. Minitti, Michelle E. Olson, Timothy S. Parker, Timothy J. Rowland, Scott K. Schieber, Juergen Sullivan, Robert J. Sumner, Dawn Y. Thomas, Peter C. Jensen, Elsa H. Simmonds, John J. Sengstacken, Aaron J. Willson, Reg G. Goetz, Walter TI Curiosity's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE MAHLI; Curiosity; Mars; Rover; Camera; Gale; Sediment ID ROBOTIC ARM CAMERA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GUSEV CRATER; MICROSCOPIC IMAGER; BURNS FORMATION; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; SPIRIT ROVER; LIFE; ROCKS; EARTH AB The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) investigation will use a 2-megapixel color camera with a focusable macro lens aboard the rover, Curiosity, to investigate the stratigraphy and grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials in northwestern Gale crater. Of particular interest is the stratigraphic record of a similar to 5 km thick layered rock sequence exposed on the slopes of Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp). The instrument consists of three parts, a camera head mounted on the turret at the end of a robotic arm, an electronics and data storage assembly located inside the rover body, and a calibration target mounted on the robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator housing. MAHLI can acquire in-focus images at working distances from similar to 2.1 cm to infinity. At the minimum working distance, image pixel scale is similar to 14 mu m per pixel and very coarse silt grains can be resolved. At the working distance of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager cameras aboard Spirit and Opportunity, MAHLI's resolution is comparable at similar to 30 mu m per pixel. Onboard capabilities include autofocus, auto-exposure, sub-framing, video imaging, Bayer pattern color interpolation, lossy and lossless compression, focus merging of up to 8 focus stack images, white light and longwave ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination of nearby subjects, and 8 gigabytes of non-volatile memory data storage. C1 [Edgett, Kenneth S.; Ravine, Michael A.; Caplinger, Michael A.; Schaffner, Jacob A.; Jensen, Elsa H.] Malin Space Sci Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. [Yingst, R. Aileen] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Maki, Justin N.; Parker, Timothy J.; Simmonds, John J.; Sengstacken, Aaron J.; Willson, Reg G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ghaemi, F. Tony] Ghaemi Opt Engn, San Diego, CA USA. [Bell, James F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Edwards, Laurence J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Heydari, Ezat] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. [Kah, Linda C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lemmon, Mark T.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Minitti, Michelle E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Olson, Timothy S.] Salish Kootenai Coll, Pablo, MT USA. [Rowland, Scott K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schieber, Juergen] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Sullivan, Robert J.; Thomas, Peter C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Sumner, Dawn Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goetz, Walter] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Edgett, KS (reprint author), Malin Space Sci Syst Inc, POB 910148, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. EM edgett@msss.com RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Schieber, Juergen Schieber/A-3001-2013; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751 FU JPL-Caltech [1269421, 1273887]; NASA [NAS7-03001, NMO710846] FX The MSL MAHLI investigation is supported by USA taxpayers through NASA. Specifically, the MAHLI team and MSSS developed the instrument and investigation under subcontracts 1269421 and 1273887 in collaboration with JPL-Caltech under NASA contracts NAS7-03001 and NMO710846. JPL-Caltech manages MSL for NASA and part of this research was carried out at JPL. Hundreds of people ultimately contributed to the development of MAHLI and the capabilities to deliver and move the instrument around Curiosity's field site on Mars. We heartily thank all of them, although we regret we cannot name them all here. First and foremost, we thank our spouses, partners and families for their support and sacrifices during the >8 years since we first began working on MAHLI. In addition, we very much thank: M. C. Malin, B. A. Cantor, K. D. Supulver, B. Hallet, W. E. Dietrich, J.F. Cameron; the engineers at Alliance Spacesystems (now the Space Division of MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates MDA Information Systems): D. DiBiase, J. Laramee, B. Lindenfeld, R. Billing, H. Aslanian, R. McKenzie, R. Gov, S. Dougherty, J. Baker, C. Corbin, T. Cameron; MSSS engineering support from S. Brylow, P. Otjens, C. Martin, H. Olawale, M. Clark, K. Schaffner, J. Tamayo; MSSS administrative support: M. Mullenniex, L. Maze, D. Michna; MSSS instrument calibration and ground data system support: S. McNair, B. M. Duston; MAHLI operations development: L. V. Posiolova, M. Kennedy Wu, L. Lipkaman, B. Nixon, R. Zimdar, B. Baker, J. Sandoval; MAHLI focus merge software development by T. Lesperance; MSSS information technology and software support from S. Davis; Spectra Systems and W. Lilly for donation of the SpectraFluor Red pigment; D. T. Britt for production of the fluorescent calibration target swatch; D. Szwabowski for design of the MAHLI calibration target Ti plate; the MSL Project Scientists: J. P. Grotzinger (2007-Present), E. Stolper (2005-2007), F. D. Palluconi (2004-2005); the MSL Deputy Project Scientists: J. Crisp, A. R. Vasavada; MSL Project Managers: P. Theisinger, R. Cook; the MSL Program Scientist M. Meyer; Deputy Program Scientist M. Voytek; MSL SA/SPaH support, particularly L. Jandura, R. B. Anderson and their colleagues; JPL MSL robotic arm engineers M. Robinson, C. Collins, and colleagues; JPL MSL development and testing personnel, including A. Thompson, J. Samuels, D. Gruel, D. Limonadi, R. Heninger, B. Pavri, S. Howard, D. Johnson, M. Johnson, and many others; instrument testing support at Cubic Defense Applications: T. Le, K. Shannon; JPL MSL operations planning: M. Watkins, N. Spanovich; L. Keely, D. Lees, and others at NASA Ames for planning and analysis software development; the MAHLI Preliminary Design Review Board: T. Fraschetti (chair), J. Baker, G. Fraschetti, P. Wu, W. Harris, R. Kemski, W. Mateer, G. Reeves, F. Vescelus, R. West, J. Johnson, P. Hardy; the MAHLI Critical Design Review Board: T. Fraschetti (chair), G. Fraschetti, H. Kieffer, W. Harris, C. Kingery, W. Mateer, G. Reeves, F. Vescelus, R. West, P. Hardy, G. Kinsella; the MAHLI Instrument Delivery Review Board: T. Fraschetti (chair), H. Kieffer, W. Harris, C. Kingery, W. Mateer, G. Reeves, R. Paynter, A. Vasavada; the MAHLI Characterization and Calibration independent review board: N. Izenberg, J. Johnson, K. Klaasen, R. West. B. M. Duston, B. A. Cantor, T. J. Van Beek assisted with refinement of the MAHLI motor count, working distance, pixel scale relationships; B. A. Cantor assisted with the MRO MARCI figure. Finally, we very much appreciate J. Blue, E. Lee, J. Richie, M.; Rosiek, and two unidentified colleagues for their helpful suggestions stemming from their reviews of the February 2012 version of this manuscript. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 259 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9910-4 PG 59 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500009 ER PT J AU Golombek, M Grant, J Kipp, D Vasavada, A Kirk, R Fergason, R Bellutta, P Calef, F Larsen, K Katayama, Y Huertas, A Beyer, R Chen, A Parker, T Pollard, B Lee, S Sun, Y Hoover, R Sladek, H Grotzinger, J Welch, R Dobrea, EN Michalski, J Watkins, M AF Golombek, M. Grant, J. Kipp, D. Vasavada, A. Kirk, R. Fergason, R. Bellutta, P. Calef, F. Larsen, K. Katayama, Y. Huertas, A. Beyer, R. Chen, A. Parker, T. Pollard, B. Lee, S. Sun, Y. Hoover, R. Sladek, H. Grotzinger, J. Welch, R. Dobrea, E. Noe Michalski, J. Watkins, M. TI Selection of the Mars Science Laboratory Landing Site SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Landing sites; Mars; Surface materials; Surface characteristics; Mars Science Laboratory ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; MAWRTH-VALLIS REGION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; GALE-CRATER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; EXPLORATION ROVERS; MELAS-CHASMA; LAYERED DEPOSITS AB The selection of Gale crater as the Mars Science Laboratory landing site took over five years, involved broad participation of the science community via five open workshops, and narrowed an initial > 50 sites (25 by 20 km) to four finalists (Eberswalde, Gale, Holden and Mawrth) based on science and safety. Engineering constraints important to the selection included: (1) latitude (+/- 30A degrees) for thermal management of the rover and instruments, (2) elevation (<-1 km) for sufficient atmosphere to slow the spacecraft, (3) relief of < 100-130 m at baselines of 1-1000 m for control authority and sufficient fuel during powered descent, (4) slopes of < 30A degrees at baselines of 2-5 m for rover stability at touchdown, (5) moderate rock abundance to avoid impacting the belly pan during touchdown, and (6) a radar-reflective, load-bearing, and trafficable surface that is safe for landing and roving and not dominated by fine-grained dust. Science criteria important for the selection include the ability to assess past habitable environments, which include diversity, context, and biosignature (including organics) preservation. Sites were evaluated in detail using targeted data from instruments on all active orbiters, and especially Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. All of the final four sites have layered sedimentary rocks with spectral evidence for phyllosilicates that clearly address the science objectives of the mission. Sophisticated entry, descent and landing simulations that include detailed information on all of the engineering constraints indicate all of the final four sites are safe for landing. Evaluation of the traversabilty of the landing sites and target "go to" areas outside of the ellipse using slope and material properties information indicates that all are trafficable and "go to" sites can be accessed within the lifetime of the mission. In the final selection, Gale crater was favored over Eberswalde based on its greater diversity and potential habitability. C1 [Golombek, M.; Kipp, D.; Vasavada, A.; Bellutta, P.; Calef, F.; Katayama, Y.; Huertas, A.; Chen, A.; Parker, T.; Pollard, B.; Lee, S.; Sun, Y.; Hoover, R.; Sladek, H.; Welch, R.; Dobrea, E. Noe; Michalski, J.; Watkins, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grant, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kirk, R.; Fergason, R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Larsen, K.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Katayama, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Explorat Program Grp, Tokyo, Japan. [Beyer, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sun, Y.; Grotzinger, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hoover, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sladek, H.] Univ Montana Western, Dillon, MT 59725 USA. [Dobrea, E. Noe; Michalski, J.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Golombek, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov OI Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU Mars Data Analysis Program; Critical Data Products program FX Research described in this paper was partially done by the MSL project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and was supported by the Mars Data Analysis Program. Derived data products were sponsored by the Critical Data Products program administered by the JPL Mars Exploration Program office. We especially thank members of the Council of Atmospheres and Council of Terrains for work on characterizing MSL landing sites. We thank L. Redmond and N. Warner for help with the figures. NR 201 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 641 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9916-y PG 97 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500017 ER PT J AU Fergason, RL Christensen, PR Golombek, MP Parker, TJ AF Fergason, R. L. Christensen, P. R. Golombek, M. P. Parker, T. J. TI Surface Properties of the Mars Science Laboratory Candidate Landing Sites: Characterization from Orbit and Predictions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Surface properties; Thermal inertia; MSL ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; MAWRTH-VALLIS REGION; GALE-CRATER; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LASER ALTIMETER; CLAY-MINERALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; HOLDEN CRATER; THEMIS DATA AB This work describes the interpretation of THEMIS-derived thermal inertia data at the Eberswalde, Gale, Holden, and Mawrth Vallis Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) candidate landing sites and determines how thermophysical variations correspond to morphology and, when apparent, mineralogical diversity. At Eberswalde, the proportion of likely unconsolidated material relative to exposed bedrock or highly indurated surfaces controls the thermal inertia of a given region. At Gale, the majority of the landing site region has a moderate thermal inertia (250 to 410 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2)), which is likely an indurated surface mixed with unconsolidated materials. The primary difference between higher and moderate thermal inertia surfaces may be due to the amount of mantling material present. Within the mound of stratified material in Gale, layers are distinguished in the thermal inertia data; the MSL rover could be traversing through materials that are both thermophysically and compositionally diverse. The majority of the Holden ellipse has a thermal inertia of 340 to 475 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2) and consists of bed forms with some consolidated material intermixed. Mawrth Vallis has a mean thermal inertia of 310 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2) and a wide variety of materials is present contributing to the moderate thermal inertia surfaces, including a mixture of bedrock, indurated surfaces, bed forms, and unconsolidated fines. Phyllosilicates have been identified at all four candidate landing sites, and these clay-bearing units typically have a similar thermal inertia value (400 to 500 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2)), suggesting physical properties that are also similar. C1 [Fergason, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 86287 USA. [Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fergason, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rfergason@usgs.gov FU Mars Odyssey Project Office; JPL FX Attendance at the landing site workshops greatly enhanced our understanding of various components of each site. Specifically, discussions with Kenneth Edgett (MSSS), Justin Hagerty (USGS), Michael Kraft (ASU), and Ashwin Vasavada (JPL) on various aspects related to these sites greatly helped place our findings in a broader context. Kenneth Herkenhoff (USGS), Kenneth Tanaka (USGS), Kenneth Edgett (MSSS), and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that greatly improved the presentation of this work. Trent Hare (USGS) and Ryan Luk (then at ASU) helped produce products that have been released to the public (http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/MSL/; http://themis.asu.edu/landingsites). Ryan Luk was invaluable for helping develop mosaic scripts and generating early versions of the daytime IR, nighttime IR, and visible mosaics and the nighttime IR over daytime IR overlay images available online. Daytime IR, nighttime IR, qualitative (8-bit) thermal inertia, and visible image mosaic generation for the initial 36 proposed landing sites (as of June 2006) was funded by the Mars Odyssey Project Office. The thermal inertia analysis and generation and analysis of predicted temperature maps were funded by a JPL subcontract through the Critical Data Products program. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 739 EP 773 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9891-3 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500018 ER PT J AU Beyer, RA Kirk, RL AF Beyer, Ross A. Kirk, Randolph L. TI Meter-Scale Slopes of Candidate MSL Landing Sites from Point Photoclinometry SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Mars Science Laboratory; Remote sensing ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MARS; ROUGHNESS; CAMERA; PREDICTIONS; IMAGES; LANDER AB Photoclinometry was used to analyze the small-scale roughness of areas within the proposed Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing ellipses. The landing ellipses presented in this study are those in Eberswalde crater, Gale crater, and Holden crater (the Mawrth Vallis site could not be measured due to its albedo variations). We were able to constrain surface slopes on length scales comparable to the HiRISE image resolution (0.25 meters/pixel). The MSL mission has various engineering constraints that each candidate landing ellipse must satisfy. These constraints indicate that the statistical value of the slopes at one, two, and five meter baselines are an important criterion. We used our technique to estimate surface slopes across large swaths of each image, and built up slope statistics for the images in each landing ellipse. We are confident that all three final MSL landing site ellipses that could be measured in this study are within the small-scale roughness constraints. Our results have provided input into the landing hazard assessment process. C1 [Beyer, Ross A.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Beyer, Ross A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Beyer, RA (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. EM Ross.A.Beyer@nasa.gov OI Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for insightful and constructive reviews of this paper. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and the USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under awards issued through the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter program. We thank Fred Calef for providing the HiRISE and CTX mosaic in the background of Figs. 8, 9, and 10. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 775 EP 791 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9925-x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500019 ER PT J AU Vasavada, AR Chen, A Barnes, JR Burkhart, PD Cantor, BA Dwyer-Cianciolo, AM Fergason, RL Hinson, DP Justh, HL Kass, DM Lewis, SR Mischna, MA Murphy, JR Rafkin, SCR Tyler, D Withers, PG AF Vasavada, Ashwin R. Chen, Allen Barnes, Jeffrey R. Burkhart, P. Daniel Cantor, Bruce A. Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia M. Fergason, Robin L. Hinson, David P. Justh, Hilary L. Kass, David M. Lewis, Stephen R. Mischna, Michael A. Murphy, James R. Rafkin, Scot C. R. Tyler, Daniel Withers, Paul G. TI Assessment of Environments for Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Surface Operations SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Mars' atmosphere; Mars' surface; Spacecraft ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIO OCCULTATION MEASUREMENTS; DELTA-EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ENCIRCLING DUST STORM; NORTH POLAR-REGION; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION AB The Mars Science Laboratory mission aims to land a car-sized rover on Mars' surface and operate it for at least one Mars year in order to assess whether its field area was ever capable of supporting microbial life. Here we describe the approach used to identify, characterize, and assess environmental risks to the landing and rover surface operations. Novel entry, descent, and landing approaches will be used to accurately deliver the 900-kg rover, including the ability to sense and "fly out" deviations from a best-estimate atmospheric state. A joint engineering and science team developed methods to estimate the range of potential atmospheric states at the time of arrival and to quantitatively assess the spacecraft's performance and risk given its particular sensitivities to atmospheric conditions. Numerical models are used to calculate the atmospheric parameters, with observations used to define model cases, tune model parameters, and validate results. This joint program has resulted in a spacecraft capable of accessing, with minimal risk, the four finalist sites chosen for their scientific merit. The capability to operate the landed rover over the latitude range of candidate landing sites, and for all seasons, was verified against an analysis of surface environmental conditions described here. These results, from orbital and model data sets, also drive engineering simulations of the rover's thermal state that are used to plan surface operations. C1 [Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Chen, Allen; Burkhart, P. Daniel; Kass, David M.; Mischna, Michael A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnes, Jeffrey R.; Tyler, Daniel] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cantor, Bruce A.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fergason, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hinson, David P.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Justh, Hilary L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lewis, Stephen R.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Murphy, James R.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Rafkin, Scot C. R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Withers, Paul G.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Vasavada, AR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ashwin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Withers, Paul/H-2241-2014; OI Lewis, Stephen/0000-0001-7237-6494 NR 85 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 793 EP 835 DI 10.1007/s11214-012-9911-3 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 008JF UT WOS:000308952500020 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Tucker, TW AF Sibrell, P. L. Tucker, T. W. TI Fixed Bed Sorption of Phosphorus from Wastewater Using Iron Oxide-Based Media Derived from Acid Mine Drainage SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage sludge; Eutrophication; Phosphorus removal; Fixed bed sorption; Homogenous surface diffusion model; Wastewater; Iron oxide sorption media ID FERRIC HYDROXIDE GFH; ADSORPTION FILTERS; REMOVAL; SEQUESTRATION; BREAKTHROUGH; DIFFUSION; SLUDGE AB Phosphorus (P) releases to the environment have been implicated in the eutrophication of important water bodies worldwide. Current technology for the removal of P from wastewaters consists of treatment with aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) salts, but is expensive. The neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) generates sludge rich in Fe and Al oxides that has hitherto been considered a waste product, but these sludges could serve as an economical adsorption media for the removal of P from wastewaters. Therefore, we have evaluated an AMD-derived media as a sorbent for P in fixed bed sorption systems. The homogenous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was used to analyze fixed bed test data and to determine the value of related sorption parameters. The surface diffusion modulus Ed was found to be a useful predictor of sorption kinetics. Values of Ed < 0.2 were associated with early breakthrough of P, while more desirable S-shaped breakthrough curves resulted when 0.2 < Ed < 0.5. Computer simulations of the fixed bed process with the HSDM confirmed that if Ed was known, the shape of the breakthrough curve could be calculated. The surface diffusion coefficient D (s) was a critical factor in the calculation of Ed and could be estimated based on the sorption test conditions such as media characteristics, and influent flow rate and concentration. Optimal test results were obtained with a relatively small media particle size (average particle radius 0.028 cm) and resulted in 96 % removal of P from the influent over 46 days of continuous operation. These results indicate that fixed bed sorption of P would be a feasible option for the utilization of AMD residues, thus helping to decrease AMD treatment costs while at the same time ameliorating the impacts of P contamination. C1 [Sibrell, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Tucker, T. W.] IAP World Serv, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 223 IS 8 BP 5105 EP 5117 DI 10.1007/s11270-012-1262-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 007GA UT WOS:000308875600038 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Perkins, KA AF Wood, Petra Bohall Perkins, Kelly A. TI BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES OF MALE CERULEAN WARBLERS IN RELATION TO HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENDROICA-CERULEA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; LANDSCAPE-LEVEL; SELECTION; MICROHABITAT; TERRITORY; ABUNDANCE; ONTARIO; INDIANA AB Activities of 29 male Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) were quantified on two sites in West Virginia during May-June 2005. Singing and foraging were the most common of 11 observed behavioral activities (81.6%), while maintenance and mating behaviors were uncommonly observed. Male activity differed among vegetative strata (P = 0.02) with lower- and mid-canopy strata used most often (70% of observations), especially for foraging, perching, and preening. The upper-canopy was used primarily for singing, particularly within core areas of territories and in association with canopy gaps. Foraging occurred more than expected outside of core areas. Males were associated with canopy gaps during 30% of observations, but the distribution of behavioral activities was not significantly related (P = 0.06) to gap presence. Males used 23 different tree species for a variety of activities with oaks (Quercus spp.) used most often on the xeric site and black cherry (Prunus serotina) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) on the mesic site. Tree species used for singing differed between core and non-core areas (P < 0.0001) but distribution of singing and foraging activity did not differ among tree species (P = 0.13). Cerulean Warblers appear to be flexible in use of tree species. Their use of different canopy strata for different behavioral activities provides an explanation for the affinity this species exhibits for a vertically stratified forest canopy. Received 31 August 2011. Accepted 16 January 2012. C1 [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Perkins, Kelly A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 313 Percival Hall,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu FU Wildlife Diversity Program of West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR); West Virginia University ACUC [04-0302] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Wildlife Diversity Program of the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR). Access to the study site was provided by WVDNR. We thank Wheeling Jesuit University for field housing. J. L. Eells, M. R. Lutmerding, L. M. McKenzie, B. L. Miller, and J. L. Saville provided field assistance. T. J. Boves, J. W. Edwards, S. P. Olcott, and S. H. Stoleson provided helpful reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study was performed under the auspices of West Virginia University ACUC protocol #04-0302. Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YQ UT WOS:000308786400008 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Andersen, David E. TI Movement and Cover-type Selection by Fledgling Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) after Independence from Adult Care SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT-USE; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; HOME-RANGE; SONGBIRDS; MANAGEMENT; THRUSHES; PERIOD; BIRDS AB We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements and cover-type selection by independent fledgling Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) at two managed-forest sites differing in mature-forest matrix: open-understory deciduous forest and dense-understory mixed-deciduous-conifer forest. Ovenbirds at each site made one to three single-day long-distance movements; those movements were of similar distance at the deciduous site ((x) over bar = 849 +/- 159 m) and the mixed-deciduous-conifer site ((x) over bar = 1,133 +/- 228 m). They also moved similar mean daily distances within stands at the deciduous site ((x) over bar = 101 +/- 12 m) and the mixed-deciduous-conifer site ((x) over bar = 105 +/- 11 m), and used areas of similar local vegetation density, but denser than that of their nesting habitat. Fledglings in the deciduous study area selected sapling-dominated clearcuts and forested wetlands over mature forest and shrub-dominated clearcuts. Fledglings in the mixed-deciduous-conifer study area generally used cover types in accordance with availability, and tended not to use shrub-dominated clearcuts. Our results suggest regenerating clearcuts may be important areas for independent fledgling Ovenbirds in landscapes that consist of otherwise contiguous open-understory mature forest, but not until saplings establish in those clearcuts, and not necessarily in forests where dense understory and naturally dense areas such as forested wetlands are common. Received 3 January 2012. Accepted 26 April 2012. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Streby, Henry M.; Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73] FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order 73 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit with in-kind support from the U.S. Forest Service. We handled, banded, and attached radio transmitters to Ovenbirds following Protocol #0806A35761, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank D. D. Dessecker, A. C. Edmond, J. L. Hammers, K. J. Iknayan, M. C. Loven, T. L. McAllister, E. S. Michel, A. P. Monroe, S. M. Peterson, and J. M. Refsnider for assistance in field data collection, and J. P. Loegering and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 124 IS 3 BP 620 EP 625 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 005YQ UT WOS:000308786400025 ER PT J AU Clemens, BJ Sower, SA van de Wetering, S Schreck, CB AF Clemens, Benjamin J. Sower, Stacia A. van de Wetering, Stan Schreck, Carl B. TI Incidence of male intersex in adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), with a brief discussion of intersex vs. hermaphroditism in lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE intersex; gonochoristic; primitive fish; reproduction; maturation; cyclostomes ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; SEA LAMPREY; BROOK LAMPREY; MARINUS; DIFFERENTIATION; SPERMATOGENESIS; PERIOD; FISH AB We report the incidence of male intersex in adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836)) during their pre-spawning migration in fresh water. Although "hermaphrodites" have been suggested in other adult lampreys, this is the first detailed description and discussion of this phenomenon. A total of 0.5% of our adult Pacific lamprey from Willamette Falls (2 out of 427 adults) were intersex, with oocytes in the testes. This phenomenon was identifiable only by histological examination. The testes of the intersex males were immature, in the beginning stages of meiosis. One intersex male possessed primary growth or perinucleolar stage oocytes loosely interspersed throughout the testes, and the other possessed at least 6 mid-vitellogenic oocytes (0.6 mm, mean long diameter) separate from the testes. Because premetamorphic lamprey can possess both female and male gonial cells, we hypothesize that intersex is a remnant larval trait and that these fish failed to fully develop into males during metamorphosis. C1 [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Ctr Mol & Comparat Endocrinol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [van de Wetering, Stan] Confederated Tribes Siletz Indians, Dept Nat Resources, Siletz, OR 97380 USA. RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Ben.Clemens@oregonstate.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX N. Graber, J. Blake, and T. Workman provided assistance in collecting fish and tissue specimens. M. Kent and T. Peterson provided input on the histology. We are grateful to M. Kent for allowing us to use his microscope and camera. K. Berkenkamp processed some of the specimens for histology. T. Shibahara and J. Zauner provided access to the trap for collecting lamprey. This study was funded in part by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This study was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Oregon State University (ACUP No. 3569). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1201 EP 1206 DI 10.1139/Z2012-085 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 005TF UT WOS:000308772300014 ER PT J AU Wynn, J Williamson, M Fleming, J AF Wynn, Jeff Williamson, Mike Fleming, John TI Induced Polarization for Subseafloor, Deep-Ocean Mapping SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Wynn, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Williamson, Mike] Williamson & Associates, Seattle, WA USA. [Fleming, John] Zonge Int, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wynn, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM jwynn@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Marine Geology, Mineral Resources and Volcano Science Centers; NOAA; Coastal Carolina University; Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Marine Geology, Mineral Resources and Volcano Science Centers, as well as by NOAA, Coastal Carolina University and the Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute. Williamson & Associates (Seattle, Washington) and Zonge International (Tucson, Arizona) are cooperative research and development agreement partners. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 53 IS 9 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 009JE UT WOS:000309021300006 ER PT J AU Michener, WK Allard, S Budden, A Cook, RB Douglass, K Frame, M Kelling, S Koskela, R Tenopir, C Vieglais, DA AF Michener, William K. Allard, Suzie Budden, Amber Cook, Robert B. Douglass, Kimberly Frame, Mike Kelling, Steve Koskela, Rebecca Tenopir, Carol Vieglais, David A. TI Participatory design of DataONE-Enabling cyberinfrastructure for the biological and environmental sciences SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Data centers; User-centered design; Stakeholder assessment; Usability testing; Data integration; Data life cycle AB The scope and nature of biological and environmental research are evolving in response to environmental challenges such as global climate change, invasive species and emergent diseases. In particular, scientific studies are increasingly focusing on long-term, broad-scale, and complex questions that require massive amounts of diverse data collected by remote sensing platforms and embedded environmental sensor networks; collaborative, interdisciplinary science teams; and new approaches for managing, preserving, analyzing, and sharing data. Here, we describe the design of DataONE (Data Observation Network for Earth)-a cyberinfrastructure platform developed to support rapid data discovery and access across diverse data centers distributed worldwide and designed to provide scientists with an integrated set of familiar tools that support all elements of the data life cycle (e.g., from planning and acquisition through data integration, analysis and visualization). Ongoing evolution of the DataONE architecture is based on participatory, user-centered design processes including: (1) identification and prioritization of stakeholder communities; (2) developing an understanding of their perceptions, attitudes and user requirements; (3) usability analysis and assessment: and (4) engaging science teams in grand challenge exemplars such as understanding the broad-scale dynamics of bird migration. In combination, the four approaches engage the broad community in providing guidance on infrastructure design and implementation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Michener, William K.] Univ New Mexico, Univ Lib, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allard, Suzie; Douglass, Kimberly; Tenopir, Carol] Univ Tennessee, Coll Commun & Informat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Budden, Amber; Koskela, Rebecca] DataONE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Cook, Robert B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Frame, Mike] US Geol Survey, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kelling, Steve] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Vieglais, David A.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Michener, WK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Univ Lib, MSCO4 2815, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM wmichene@unm.edu; sallard@utk.edu; aebudden@dataone.unm.edu; cookrb@ornl.gov; kdougla2@utk.edu; mike_frame@usgs.gov; stk2@cornell.edu; rkoskela@unm.edu; ctenopir@utk.edu; vieglais@ku.edu RI Vieglais, Dave/C-7356-2009; Budden, Amber/A-2829-2010; OI Vieglais, Dave/0000-0002-6513-4996; Budden, Amber/0000-0003-2885-3980; Koskela, Rebecca/0000-0002-1157-2798; Frame, Mike/0000-0001-9995-2172; Tenopir, Carol/0000-0002-9056-8251; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Allard, Suzie/0000-0001-9421-3848 FU INTEROP: Creation of an International Virtual Data Center for the Biodiversity, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0753138]; Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE), NSF [0830944] FX This work was supported by: (1) INTEROP: Creation of an International Virtual Data Center for the Biodiversity, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, US National Science Foundation (NSF), award #0753138; and (2) Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE), NSF award #0830944 under a Cooperative Agreement. The authors thank Matt Jones, Robert Cook, and Tracy Hart for their input NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 11 SI SI BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.08.007 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 002HO UT WOS:000308522900002 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Bromage, ES Silva, J Hansen, JD Badil, SM Woodson, JC Hershberger, PK AF Purcell, Maureen K. Bromage, Erin S. Silva, Jessica Hansen, John D. Badil, Samantha M. Woodson, James C. Hershberger, Paul K. TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to IgM of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Monoclonal antibody; IgM; Heavy chain; Clupeidae ID VIRAL-HEMORRHAGIC-SEPTICEMIA; VIRUS; SOUND AB Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) have a central role in the North Pacific ecosystem as a forage fish species and are natural reservoirs of several important finfish pathogens, including Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Here, we report the identification of the gene encoding the immunoglobulin mu (IgM) heavy chain, as well as the development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that specifically react with Pacific herring IgM. Pacific herring immunoglobulin was purified and consisted of heavy and light chains of approximately 80 and 25 kDa. Three hybridoma clones were initially identified by ELISA as reactive with purified immunoglobulin but only one clone was able to detect an 80 kDa protein in Pacific and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) whole plasma by denaturing western blot. However, all three MAbs were able to precipitate an 80 kDa protein from Pacific herring and LCMS sequencing of peptide fragments derived from this protein matched the predicted amino acid sequence of the cloned, heavy chain gene. In addition, two of the MAbs stained cells within the putative lymphocyte gates for the spleen, anterior kidney and posterior kidney but were not reactive for myeloid/granulocyte gates, which is consistent with these MAbs reacting with surface IgM(+) B-cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IgM-related gene sequences and anti-IgM monoclonal antibodies from any member of the family Clupeidae. The antibodies produced in this study are critical for achieving our long-term goal of conducting serological surveillance to assess pathogen exposure in natural populations of Pacific herring. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Hansen, John D.; Badil, Samantha M.; Woodson, James C.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bromage, Erin S.; Silva, Jessica] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2009-005819] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 10100132-I and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2009-005819 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We would like to thank Lucas Hart and Jacob Gregg (USGS - Marrowstone Marine Field Station) for technical assistance. We would also like to thank Rolf Erik Olsen and Tom Hansen (Institute of Marine Research, Norway) and Ken Lujan (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for supplying plasma from Atlantic herring and American shad. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.006 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 996AZ UT WOS:000308057700010 PM 22771742 ER PT J AU Trushenski, J Juarez, L Jensen, GL Freeze, M Schwarz, M Silverstein, J Bader, J Rolland, J Rubino, M AF Trushenski, Jesse Juarez, Lorenzo Jensen, Gary L. Freeze, Mike Schwarz, Michael Silverstein, Jeff Bader, Joel Rolland, Jill Rubino, Michael TI AFS and Aquaculture-Addressing the High Stakes of a Sustainable Seafood Supply SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 [Trushenski, Jesse] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Juarez, Lorenzo; Rubino, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Aquaculture, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jensen, Gary L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Freeze, Mike] Keo Fish Farm, Keo, AR 72083 USA. [Schwarz, Michael] Virginia Tech, Virginia Seafood Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Silverstein, Jeff] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bader, Joel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rolland, Jill] USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Trushenski, J (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.714315 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007AU UT WOS:000308862000002 ER PT J AU Long, JM Slaughter, JE AF Long, James M. Slaughter, Joe E. TI Certification Benefits AFS Members Working in the Private Sector SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Long, James M.] Membership Concerns Comm, Stillwater, OK 74048 USA. [Long, James M.] US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74048 USA. [Slaughter, Joe E.] Georgia Power Co, Smylar, GA 30080 USA. RP Long, JM (reprint author), Membership Concerns Comm, Stillwater, OK 74048 USA. EM longjm@okstate.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.714330 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 007AU UT WOS:000308862000005 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ de Souza, OA Iwashita, F Silva, AM Yoshinaga, S AF Friedel, Michael James de Souza Filho, Oderson Antonio Iwashita, Fabio Silva, Adalene Moreira Yoshinaga, Sueli TI Data-driven modeling for groundwater exploration in fractured crystalline terrain, northeast Brazil SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Fractured rocks; Geophysical methods; Self-organizing map; Well yield ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEM; MISSING VALUES; DATA SETS; IMPUTATION; PRECIPITATION; QUALITY AB It is not possible, using numerical methods, to model groundwater flow and transport in the fractured crystalline rock of northeastern Brazil. As an alternative, the usefulness of self-organizing map (SOM), k-means clustering, and Davies-Bouldin techniques to conceptualize the hydrogeology was evaluated. Also estimated was the well yield and groundwater quality across the Jua region. This process relies on relations in the underlying multivariate density function associated with a sparse local set of hydrogeologic (electrical conductivity, geology, temperature, and well yield) and a complete regional set of airborne geophysical (electromagnetic, magnetic, and radiometric) and satellite spectrometric measurements. Resampling of the regional well yield and electrical conductivity estimates provides sufficient resolution to construct variograms for stochastic modeling of the hydrogeologic variables. The combination of these stochastic maps provides a way to identify potential drilling targets for future groundwater development. The data-driven estimation approach, when applied to available airborne electromagnetic and water-well hydrogeologic measurements, provides a low-cost alternative to numerical groundwater flow modeling. In addition to fractured rock environments, the alternative modeling framework can provide spatial parameter estimates and associated variograms for constraints to improve the traditional calibration of equivalent groundwater-porous-media models. C1 [Friedel, Michael James] Crustal Imaging & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, Michael James] US Geol Survey, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, Michael James] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [de Souza Filho, Oderson Antonio] Geol Survey Brazil, BR-80020926 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [de Souza Filho, Oderson Antonio] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-80020926 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Iwashita, Fabio] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Silva, Adalene Moreira] Univ Brasilia, Inst Geosci, Appl Geophys Lab, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Yoshinaga, Sueli] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), Crustal Imaging & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046,Denver Fed Ctr Mail Stop 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov; oderson@fo.cprm.gov.br; Fabio.Iwashita@dri.edu; adalene@unb.br; sueliyos@ige.unicamp.br RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 FU Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil FX Financial support was provided by Dr. Victor Labson of the Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA, and a grant from the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. We extend thanks to Professors Paulo Roberto Meneses and Augusto C. B. Pires of the Laboratory of Applied Geophysics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; and Professor Alvaro P. Crosta of the Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; and Dr. Darlan F. Maciel of the Geological Survey of Brazil, Fortaleza, Brazil, for supporting this international collaboration. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1080 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0855-1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 001DU UT WOS:000308441100004 ER PT J AU Harte, PT Ayotte, JD Hoffman, A Revesz, KM Belaval, M Lamb, S Bohlke, JK AF Harte, Philip T. Ayotte, Joseph D. Hoffman, Andrew Revesz, Kinga M. Belaval, Marcel Lamb, Steven Boehlke, J. K. TI Heterogeneous redox conditions, arsenic mobility, and groundwater flow in a fractured-rock aquifer near a waste repository site in New Hampshire, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Redox; Stable isotopes; Reductive dissolution; USA ID UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; REDUCTION; SEAWATER; BEDROCK; NITRATE; OXYGEN; MAINE AB Anthropogenic sources of carbon from landfill or waste leachate can promote reductive dissolution of in situ arsenic (As) and enhance the mobility of As in groundwater. Groundwater from residential-supply wells in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer adjacent to a Superfund site in Raymond, New Hampshire, USA, showed evidence of locally enhanced As mobilization in relatively reducing (mixed oxic-anoxic to anoxic) conditions as determined by redox classification and other lines of evidence. Redox classification was determined from geochemical indicators based on threshold concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO (3) (-) ), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), and sulfate (SO (4) (2-) ). Redox conditions were evaluated also based on methane (CH4), excess nitrogen gas (N-2) from denitrification, the oxidation state of dissolved As speciation (As(III) and As(V)), and several stable isotope ratios. Samples from the residential-supply wells primarily exhibit mixed redox conditions, as most have long open boreholes (typically 50-100 m) that receive water from multiple discrete fractures with contrasting groundwater chemistry and redox conditions. The methods employed in this study can be used at other sites to gauge redox conditions and the potential for As mobilization in complex fractured crystalline-rock aquifers where multiple lines of evidence are likely needed to understand As occurrence, mobility, and transport. C1 [Harte, Philip T.; Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, New Hampshire Vermont Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Hoffman, Andrew] New Hampshire Dept Environm Serv, Concord, NH 03302 USA. [Revesz, Kinga M.; Boehlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Belaval, Marcel] US EPA, Boston, MA 02109 USA. [Lamb, Steven] GZA GeoEnvironm Inc, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. RP Harte, PT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Hampshire Vermont Water Sci Ctr, 331 Commerce Way,Suite 2, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM ptharte@usgs.gov FU New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES); US Geological Survey FX This study was funded through a cooperative agreement between the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) and the US Geological Survey. The authors would like to thank the many participants who contributed to this study from a variety of government agencies and private partnerships. Michael Asselin of GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. was the co-project leader of the study. Michael Jasinski of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, provided important oversight; Steven Mangion of the US Environmental Protection Office of Research and Development (ORD) provided a technical perspective on fate and transport issues at Superfund sites. Special thanks to Fred McGary, Carl Baxter, and Richard Pease of the NHDES for their managerial oversight. New Hampshire State Geologist David Wunsch provided important information on well records and geological conditions of the study area. Lastly, thanks to the citizens of Raymond, New Hampshire, who graciously permitted access to their residential wells for sampling. Note: any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0844-4 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 001DU UT WOS:000308441100012 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Budahn, JR Prospero, JM Skipp, G Herwitz, SR AF Muhs, Daniel R. Budahn, James R. Prospero, Joseph M. Skipp, Gary Herwitz, Stanley R. TI Soil genesis on the island of Bermuda in the Quaternary: The importance of African dust transport and deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SAHARAN DUST; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; MINERAL DUST; EOLIAN DUST; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; CENTRAL ALASKA AB The origin of terra rossa, red or reddish-brown, clay-rich soils overlying high-purity carbonate substrates, has intrigued geologists and pedologists for decades. Terra rossa soils can form from accumulation of insoluble residues during dissolution of the host limestones, addition of volcanic ash, or addition of externally derived, long-range-transported (LRT) aeolian particles. We studied soils and paleosols on high-purity, carbonate aeolianites of Quaternary age on Bermuda, where terra rossa origins have been debated for more than a century. Potential soil parent materials on this island include sand-sized fragments of local volcanic bedrock, the LRT, fine-grained (<20 mu m) component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and LRT dust from Africa. These parent materials can be characterized geochemically using trace elements that are immobile in the soil-forming environment. Results indicate that local volcanic bedrock on Bermuda has Sc-Th-La, Cr-Ta-Nd, and Eu/Eu*, La-N/Yb-N, Gd-N/Yb-N that can be distinguished from African dust and lower Mississippi River valley loess. Bermuda soils have Sc-Th-La, Cr-Ta-Nd, and Eu/Eu*, La-N/Yb-N, Gd-N/Yb-N that indicate derivation from a combination of LRT dust from Africa and local volcanic bedrock. Our results indicate that soils on islands in a very broad latitudinal belt of the western Atlantic margin have been influenced by African LRT dust inputs over much of the past similar to 500 ka. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Prospero, Joseph M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Herwitz, Stanley R.] UAV Collaborat, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov OI Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 FU Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [OCE-0623189, AGS-0962256]; National Geographic Society FX D. Muhs, J. Budahn, and G. Skipp's work in this study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Impacts of climate change on coastal and eolian landscapes" project. J. M. Prospero acknowledges support from NSF grants OCE-0623189 and AGS-0962256. Field work was supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society to S. Herwitz and D. Muhs. We thank the Bermuda Biological Station for Research for lodging, David B. Scott (Dalhousie University) for providing splits of the Bermuda volcanic drill core, Diana Johnson and Donald Lee Johnson (University of Illinois) for providing photographs of two of our study localities, and Randy Schumann (U.S. Geological Survey) for assistance collecting soils on the Florida Keys and Bahamas. We appreciate very helpful discussions of Bermuda's birds and bats with Storrs Olson (Smithsonian Institution). A special thanks goes to Len Vacher (University of South Florida) for many stimulating discussions of Bermuda's geology. We thank Alexander Densmore and Douglas Sherman (JGR editors), Onn Crouvi (Geological Survey of Israel), Joan Fitzpatrick and Tom Judkins (U.S. Geological Survey), and two anonymous JGR reviewers for very helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F03025 DI 10.1029/2012JF002366 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 999KS UT WOS:000308311100001 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Whitbeck, JL Howard, RJ AF Krauss, Ken W. Whitbeck, Julie L. Howard, Rebecca J. TI On the relative roles of hydrology, salinity, temperature, and root productivity in controlling soil respiration from coastal swamps (freshwater) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Flooding; Greenhouse gas emissions; Mesocosm; Swamp forest; Tidal treatment ID ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; METHANE EMISSIONS; FOREST RETREAT; TREE MORTALITY; PEATLAND SOILS; TIDAL MARSHES; FLOODPLAIN; LEVEL AB Soil CO2 emissions can dominate gaseous carbon losses from forested wetlands (swamps), especially those positioned in coastal environments. Understanding the varied roles of hydroperiod, salinity, temperature, and root productivity on soil respiration is important in discerning how carbon balances may shift as freshwater swamps retreat inland with sea-level rise and salinity incursion, and convert to mixed communities with marsh plants. We exposed soil mesocosms to combinations of permanent flooding, tide, and salinity, and tracked soil respiration over 2A1/2 growing seasons. We also related these measurements to rates from field sites along the lower Savannah River, Georgia, USA. Soil temperature and root productivity were assessed simultaneously for both experiments. Soil respiration from mesocosms (22.7-1678.2 mg CO2 m(-2) h(-1)) differed significantly among treatments during four of the seven sampling intervals, where permanently flooded treatments contributed to low rates of soil respiration and tidally flooded treatments sometimes contributed to higher rates. Permanent flooding reduced the overall capacity for soil respiration as soils warmed. Salinity did reduce soil respiration at times in tidal treatments, indicating that salinity may affect the amount of CO2 respired with tide more strongly than under permanent flooding. However, soil respiration related greatest to root biomass (mesocosm) and standing root length (field); any stress reducing root productivity (incl. salinity and permanent flooding) therefore reduces soil respiration. Overall, we hypothesized a stronger, direct role for salinity on soil respiration, and found that salinity effects were being masked by varied capacities for increases in respiration with soil warming as dictated by hydrology, and the indirect influence that salinity can have on plant productivity. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Howard, Rebecca J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Whitbeck, Julie L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov FU USGS Climate; Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This research was funded by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. Andrew S. From and Travis L. Trahan assisted with the measurement and maintenance of the greenhouse study, while William Russell Webb and the staff of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge facilitated site access for assessing soil respiration rates from field sites. Scott C. Neubauer, J. Patrick Megonigal, Larry Allain, William H. Conner, and an anonymous referee provided valuable reviews of previous manuscript drafts. We thank Janelda Biagas for assistance with soil redox and sulfide measurements, Darren Johnson for conducting the statistical analyses, and Susan Mopper for allowing us use of a greenhouse at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Center for Ecology and Environmental Technology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD SEP PY 2012 VL 358 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s11104-012-1182-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 997TW UT WOS:000308190400022 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Pandolfi, JM Simmons, KR Schumann, RR AF Muhs, Daniel R. Pandolfi, John M. Simmons, Kathleen R. Schumann, R. Randall TI Sea-level history of past interglacial periods from uranium-series dating of corals, Curacao, Leeward Antilles islands SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Curacao; Corals; Reefs; U-series dating; Uplift rate; Last interglacial; Penultimate interglacial; Sea level ID PLEISTOCENE REEF CORAL; NETHERLANDS-ANTILLES; U-SERIES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-INDIES; ICE SHEETS; NEW-GUINEA; LAST AB Curacao has reef terraces with the potential to provide sea-level histories of interglacial periods. Ages of the Hato (upper) unit of the "Lower Terrace" indicate that this reef dates to the last interglacial period, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5.5. On Curacao, this high sea stand lasted at least 8000 yr (similar to 126 to similar to 118 ka). Elevations and age of this reef show that late Quaternary uplift rates on Curacao are low, 0.026-0.054 m/ka, consistent with its tectonic setting. Ages of similar to 200 ka for corals from the older Cortalein unit of the Lower Terrace correlate this reef to MIS 7, with paleo-sea level estimates ranging from -3.3 m to +2.3 m. The estimates are in agreement with those for MIS 7 made from other localities and indicate that the penultimate interglacial period was a time of significant warmth, on a par with the present interglacial period. The similar to 400 ka (MIS 11) Middle Terrace I on Curacao, dated by others, may have formed from a paleo-sea level of +8.3 to +10.0 m, or (less likely) +17 m to +20 m. The lower estimates are conservative compared to previous studies, but still require major ice sheet loss from Greenland and Antarctica. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.; Schumann, R. Randall] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dmuhs@usgs.gov; j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au; ksimmons@usgs.gov; rschumann@usgs.gov RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960 FU Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; STRI; Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History's Biodiversity Grants program; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The work was initiated during the tenure of a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) three-year Tupper Post-doctoral Fellowship in tropical biology to J.M. Pandolfi. We acknowledge the support of STRI, as well as the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History's Biodiversity Grants program and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. Appreciation is extended to Gerardo Toro-Farmer, Buddy Schweig (USGS) and Ben Greenstein (Cornell College) for help in the field and Gary Skipp (USGS) for XRD work. Thanks also go to Andrea Dutton (University of Florida), Buddy Schweig and Tom Judkins (both USGS), and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.008 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 002EY UT WOS:000308516000001 ER PT J AU Madole, RF AF Madole, Richard F. TI Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and response to climate change in the Roaring River valley, Front Range, Colorado, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Front Range; Colorado; Alpine alluvial stratigraphy; Holocene climate change; Fluvial geomorphology; Cirque-glacier advances ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; AMERICAN CORDILLERA; NORTH-AMERICA; FLUCTUATIONS; TIMBERLINE; TRENDS; GLACIATION; SNOWPACK AB Stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon geochronology of alluvial deposits exposed along the Roaring River, Colorado, lead to three principal conclusions: (1) the opinion that stream channels in the higher parts of the Front Range are relics of the Pleistocene and nonalluvial under the present climate, as argued in a water-rights trial USA v. Colorado, is untenable, (2) beds of clast-supported gravel alternate in vertical succession with beds of fine-grained sediment (sand, mud, and peat) in response to centennial-scale changes in snowmelt-driven peak discharges, and (3) alluvial strata provide information about Holocene climate history that complements the history provided by cirque moraines, periglacial deposits, and paleontological data. Most alluvial strata are of late Holocene age and record. among other things, that: (1) the largest peak flows since the end of the Pleistocene occurred during the late Holocene; (2) the occurrence of a mid- to late Holocene interval (similar to 2450-1630(?) cal yr BP) of warmer climate, which is not clearly identified in palynological records; and (3) the Little Ice Age climate seems to have had little impact on stream channels, except perhaps for minor (similar to 1 m) incision. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Madole, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM madole@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.005 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 002EY UT WOS:000308516000005 ER PT J AU Lancaster, N Mahan, SA AF Lancaster, Nicholas Mahan, Shannon A. TI Holocene dune formation at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Area, Nevada, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sand dunes; Mojave Desert; USA ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; RIVER DRAINAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAND DUNES; LUMINESCENCE; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA AB Small isolated dune fields in the northern Mojave Desert are important centers of biodiversity and archaeological occupation sites. Currently dunes at Ash Meadows, Nevada, are stabilized by vegetation and are experiencing erosion of their upwind margins, indicating a negative sediment budget. New OSL ages from dunes at Ash Meadows indicate continuous eolian accumulation from 1.5 to 0.8 ka, with further accumulation around 0.2 ka. Prior studies (e.g.. Mehringer and Warren, 1976) indicate periods of dune accumulation prior to 3.3 ka; 1.9-1 ka; and after 0.9 ka. These periods of eolian accumulation are largely synchronous with those identified elsewhere in the Mojave Desert The composition of the Ash Meadows dunes indicates their derivation from regional fluvial sources, most likely during periods when axial washes were active as a result of enhanced winter precipitation. (c) 2012 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lancaster, Nicholas] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Lancaster, N (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM nick@dri.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU Otis Bay Research FX This work was supported by a sub-contract to DRI from Otis Bay Research. We thank Stephen Scheidt, Center for Earth and Planetary Sciences, National Air and Space Museum for ASTER remote sensing data analysis. Rob Andress provided invaluable field support. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions to improve this paper. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.012 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 002EY UT WOS:000308516000012 ER PT J AU McGlue, MM Silva, A Zani, H Corradini, FA Parolin, M Abel, EJ Cohen, AS Assine, ML Ellis, GS Trees, MA Kuerten, S Gradella, FD Rasbold, GG AF McGlue, Michael M. Silva, Aguinaldo Zani, Hiran Corradini, Fabricio A. Parolin, Mauro Abel, Erin J. Cohen, Andrew S. Assine, Mario L. Ellis, Geoffrey S. Trees, Mark A. Kuerten, Sidney Gradella, Frederico dos Santos Rasbold, Giliane Gessica TI Lacustrine records of Holocene flood pulse dynamics in the Upper Paraguay River watershed (Pantanal wetlands, Brazil) SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pantanal wetlands; Floodplain lakes; Flood pulse; Paleolimnology; Upper Paraguay River ID TROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; UPPER PARANA RIVER; METHANE EMISSIONS; PALEOCLIMATIC RECORD; ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL ANDES; MATO-GROSSO; QUATERNARY; CLIMATE; FLOODPLAINS AB The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland and a biodiversity hotspot, yet its response to Quaternary environmental change is unclear. To address this problem, sediment cores from shallow lakes connected to the Upper Paraguay River (PR) were analyzed and radiocarbon dated to track changes in sedimentary environments. Stratal relations, detrital particle size, multiple biogeochemical indicators, and sponge spicules suggest fluctuating lake-level lowstand conditions between similar to 11,000 and 5300 cal yr BP, punctuated by sporadic and in some cases erosive flood flows. A hiatus has been recorded from similar to 5300 to 2600 cal yr BP, spurred by confinement of the PR within its channel during an episode of profound regional drought. Sustained PR flooding caused a transgression after similar to 2600 cal yr BP, with lake-level highstand conditions appearing during the Little Ice Age. Holocene PR flood pulse dynamics are best explained by variability in effective precipitation, likely driven by insolation and tropical sea-surface temperature gradients. Our results provide novel support for hypotheses on: (1) stratigraphic discontinuity of floodplain sedimentary archives; (2) late Holocene methane flux from Southern Hemisphere wetlands; and (3) pre-colonial indigenous ceramics traditions in western Brazil. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [McGlue, Michael M.; Abel, Erin J.; Cohen, Andrew S.; Trees, Mark A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Silva, Aguinaldo] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS CPAN, Dept Ciencias Ambiente, BR-79304902 Corumba, MS, Brazil. [Zani, Hiran] Inst Natl Pesquisas Espaciais INPE, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Corradini, Fabricio A.] Univ Fed Para UFPA, Fac Geog, BR-68501970 Maraba, PA, Brazil. [Parolin, Mauro; Rasbold, Giliane Gessica] Fac Estadual Ciencias & Letras Campo Mourao, Lab Estudos Paleoambientais Fecilcam LEPAFE, BR-87303100 Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil. [Assine, Mario L.] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Geol Aplicada IGCE, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. [McGlue, Michael M.; Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr MS 977, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kuerten, Sidney] Univ Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul UEMS, Dept Geog, BR-79240000 Jardim, MS, Brazil. RP McGlue, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr MS 977, POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mmcglue@usgs.gov RI Corradini, Fabricio/D-3258-2013; McGlue, Michael/C-9752-2014; Semeler , Alexandre /C-7904-2013; Assine, Mario/C-1154-2013; OI Assine, Mario/0000-0002-3097-5832; Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 FU American Chemical Society (PRF grant) [45910-AC8]; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP grant) [2007/55987-3]; ExxonMobil FX IBAMA, ECOA, EMBRAPA, UFMS, Fazenda Santa Teresa, the citizens of Amolar, K. Wendt, B. Lima de Paula, D. Calheiros, the LRC, and UA AMS deserve special thanks for supporting our research. We acknowledge the American Chemical Society (PRF grant 45910-AC8), the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP grant 2007/55987-3) and ExxonMobil for funding. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.015 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 002EY UT WOS:000308516000014 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, JG Reynolds, RL Colman, SM AF Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Reynolds, Richard L. Colman, Steven M. TI Fingerprinting of glacial silt in lake sediments yields continuous records of alpine glaciation (35-15ka), western USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bear Lake; Cascade Range; Glacial silt; Lake sediment; Last glacial interval; Magnetic properties; Uinta Mountains; Upper Klamath Lake ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; BANFF NATIONAL-PARK; UINTA MOUNTAINS; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; LAST DEGLACIATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; ICE CAP; YR BP AB Fingerprinting glacial silt in last glacial-age sediments from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and Bear Lake (BL) provides continuous radiocarbon-dated records of glaciation for the southeastern Cascade Range and northwestern Uinta Mountains. respectively. Comparing of these records to cosmogenic exposure ages from moraines suggests that variations in glacial flour largely reflect glacial extent. The two areas are at similar latitudes and yield similar records of glacial growth and recession, even though UKL lies less than 200 km from the ocean and BL is in the continental interior. As sea level began to fall prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), existing glaciers in the UKL area expanded. Near the beginning of the global LGM (26.5 ka), the BL record indicates onset of glaciation and UKL-area glaciers underwent further expansion. Both records indicate that local glaciers reached their maximum extents near the end of the global LGM, remained near their maxima for -1000 yr, and underwent two stages of retreat separated by a short period of expansion. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Rosenbaum, Joseph G.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, MS Fed Ctr 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lake Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Colman, Steven M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Rosenbaum, JG (reprint author), USGS MS980 DFC,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jrosenbaum@usgs.gov OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.004 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 002EY UT WOS:000308516000019 ER PT J AU Mooney, WD AF Mooney, Walter D. TI Jack H. Healy (1929-2012) In Memoriam SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 BP 755 EP 758 DI 10.1785/0220120101 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 002DX UT WOS:000308512500002 ER PT J AU Hanks, TC Beroza, GC Toda, S AF Hanks, Thomas C. Beroza, Gregory C. Toda, Shinji TI Have Recent Earthquakes Exposed Flaws in or Misunderstandings of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis? SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS; JAPAN C1 [Hanks, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Hanks, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM thanks@usgs.gov; beroza@stanford.edu; toda@rcep.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU NSF Grant [EAR-113469] FX N. A. Abrahamson, A. Baltay, J. J. Bommer, J. W. Baker, A. D. Frankel, J. L. Hardebeck, R. A. Harris, and A. H. Olsen read this manuscript in preliminary form and provided many useful comments. G. B. was supported by NSF Grant EAR-113469. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.1785/0220120043 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 002DX UT WOS:000308512500003 ER PT J AU Porter, KA Field, EH Milner, K AF Porter, Keith A. Field, Edward H. Milner, Kevin TI Trimming the UCERF2 Hazard Logic Tree SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV C1 [Porter, Keith A.] SPA Risk LLC, Denver, CO 80207 USA. [Field, Edward H.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Milner, Kevin] Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Porter, KA (reprint author), SPA Risk LLC, 2501 Bellaire St, Denver, CO 80207 USA. EM keith@cohen-porter.net FU Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF Cooperative Agreement [EAR-0106924]; USGS Cooperative Agreement [02HQAG0008]; University of Southern California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications FX This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. Computation for the work described in this paper was supported by the University of Southern California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications (www.usc.edu/hpcc). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 BP 815 EP 828 DI 10.1785/0220120012 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 002DX UT WOS:000308512500010 ER PT J AU Haney, MM Power, J West, M Michaels, P AF Haney, Matthew M. Power, John West, Michael Michaels, Paul TI Causal Instrument Corrections for Short-Period and Broadband Seismometers SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID WAVE-FORMS; SIMULATION C1 [Haney, Matthew M.; Power, John] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [West, Michael] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Michaels, Paul] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurfac, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 83 IS 5 BP 834 EP 845 DI 10.1785/0220120031 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 002DX UT WOS:000308512500015 ER PT J AU Ransom, JI Kaczensky, P Lubow, BC Ganbaatar, O Altansukh, N AF Ransom, Jason I. Kaczensky, Petra Lubow, Bruce C. Ganbaatar, Oyunsaikhan Altansukh, Nanjid TI A collaborative approach for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Asiatic wild ass; Distance sampling; Equus; Gazelle; Gobi; Khulan; Mongolia; Point count; Population estimation ID KHULAN EQUUS-HEMIONUS; MARK-RECAPTURE; LINE-TRANSECT; PROTECTED AREAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; CONSERVATION; MONGOLIA; COUNTS AB Accurately estimating abundance of wildlife is critical for establishing effective conservation and management strategies. Aerial methodologies for estimating abundance are common in developed countries, but they are often impractical for remote areas of developing countries where many of the world's endangered and threatened fauna exist. The alternative terrestrial methodologies can be constrained by limitations on access, technology, and human resources, and have rarely been comprehensively conducted for large terrestrial mammals at landscape scales. We attempted to overcome these problems by incorporating local peoples into a simultaneous point count of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) and goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) across the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia. Paired observers collected abundance and covariate metrics at 50 observation points and we estimated population sizes using distance sampling theory, but also assessed individual observer error to examine potential bias introduced by the large number of minimally trained observers. We estimated 5671 (95% CI = 3611-8907) wild asses and 5909 (95% CI = 3762-9279) gazelle inhabited the 11,027 km(2) study area at the time of our survey and found that the methodology developed was robust at absorbing the logistical challenges and wide range of observer abilities. This initiative serves as a functional model for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance while integrating local people into scientific and conservation projects. This, in turn, creates vested interest in conservation by the people who are most influential in, and most affected by, the outcomes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ransom, Jason I.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kaczensky, Petra] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 1201 Oakridge Dr,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM Jason_l_Ransom@nps.gov FU International Takhi Group (ITG); Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology (FIWI) of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna; Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative Conservation; US Geological Survey; Instituto OIKOS; Regione Lombardia, Italy FX This project was funded by the International Takhi Group (ITG), Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology (FIWI) of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative Conservation, US Geological Survey, Instituto OIKOS, and the Regione Lombardia, Italy. Special thanks to the German Academic Exchange Service Summer School Programm "Deutscher Hochschulen im Ausland 2010" organized by H. Ansorge and W. Xylander of the Senkenberg Museum Gorlitz, Germany and R. Samjaa and D. Lkhagvasuren of the National University of Mongolia. Enormous thanks to the Great Gobi B SPA rangers and staff, Shargen Gobi Saiga Reserve rangers, and the local people from Bij, Bugat, Altansoyombo, Darvi and Altai of Khovd. Thank you to the supply team for their truly herculean task of provisioning 50 people in the middle of the Gobi for 5 days! Also, thanks to N. Enksaikhan and B. Sukhbaatar at the ITG office in Ulaanbaatar for logistical support and urban navigation. S.R.B. King and 3 anonymous reviewers provided useful insights into development of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or any of the institutions funding this project. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 153 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.006 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 994GB UT WOS:000307917800028 ER PT J AU Galkiewicz, JP Stellick, SH Gray, MA Kellogg, CA AF Galkiewicz, Julia P. Stellick, Sarah H. Gray, Michael A. Kellogg, Christina A. TI Cultured fungal associates from the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Coral; Fungi; Lophelia; Diversity; Gulf of Mexico; Biolog; Mucus; Holobiont ID CENTRAL INDIAN BASIN; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; BAND DISEASE; NE ATLANTIC; DIVERSITY; REEF; SCLERACTINIA; BACTERIA AB The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa provides important habitat to many deep-sea fishes and invertebrates. Studies of the microbial taxa associated with L. pertusa thus far have focused on bacteria, neglecting the microeukaryotic members. This is the first study to culture fungi from living L. pertusa and to investigate carbon source utilization by the fungal associates. Twenty-seven fungal isolates from seven families, including both filamentous and yeast morphotypes, were cultured from healthy L pertusa colonies collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico, the West Florida Slope, and the western Atlantic Ocean off the Florida coast. Isolates from different sites were phylogenetically closely related, indicating these genera are widely distributed in association with L pertusa. Biolog (TM) Filamentous Fungi microtiter plates were employed to determine the functional capacity of a subset of isolates to grow on varied carbon sources. While four of the isolates exhibited no growth on any provided carbon source, the rest (n = 10) grew on 8.3-66.7% of carbon sources available. Carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids were the most commonly metabolized carbon sources, with overlap between the carbon sources used and amino acids found in L pertusa mucus. This study represents the first attempt to characterize a microeukaryotic group associated with L. pertusa. However, the functional role of fungi within the coral holobiont remains unclear. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, Michael A.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Galkiewicz, Julia P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Environments Program in support of Bureau of Ocean Energy Management research needs. We appreciate the patience and assistance of the rest of the USGS DISCOVRE team in the collection of these critical samples. Thanks are also due to the captains and crews of the R/V Seward Johnson and R/V Cape Hatteras, and especially to the pilots and technicians who operated the submersible Johnson-Sea-Link and ROV Kraken. We also thank the editor and reviewers who provided many helpful comments to improve this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 67 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.05.001 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 002EW UT WOS:000308515700002 ER PT J AU Young, NE Stohlgren, TJ Evangelista, PH Kumar, S Graham, J Newman, G AF Young, Nicholas E. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Evangelista, Paul H. Kumar, Sunil Graham, Jim Newman, Greg TI Regional data refine local predictions: modeling the distribution of plant species abundance on a portion of the central plains SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; Species distribution models; Spatial scale; Extrapolation; National Ecological Observatory Network; Abundance ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; HABITAT-SUITABILITY; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; REGRESSION TREES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SAMPLE-SIZE; VEGETATION; INVASION; ECOLOGY; RANGE AB Species distribution models are frequently used to predict species occurrences in novel conditions, yet few studies have examined the consequences of extrapolating locally collected data to regional landscapes. Similarly, the process of using regional data to inform local prediction for species distribution models has not been adequately evaluated. Using boosted regression trees, we examined errors associated with extrapolating models developed with locally collected abundance data to regional-scale spatial extents and associated with using regional data for predictions at a local extent for a native and non-native plant species across the northeastern central plains of Colorado. Our objectives were to compare model results and accuracy between those developed locally and extrapolated regionally, those developed regionally and extrapolated locally, and to evaluate extending species distribution modeling from predicting the probability of presence to predicting abundance. We developed models to predict the spatial distribution of plant species abundance using topographic, remotely sensed, land cover and soil taxonomic predictor variables. We compared model predicted mean and range abundance values to observed values between local and regional. We also evaluated model prediction performance based on Pearson's correlation coefficient. We show that: (1) extrapolating local models to regional extents may restrict predictions, (2) regional data can help refine and improve local predictions, and (3) boosted regression trees can be useful to model and predict plant species abundance. Regional sampling designed in concert with large sampling frameworks such as the National Ecological Observatory Network may improve our ability to monitor changes in local species abundance. C1 [Young, Nicholas E.; Evangelista, Paul H.; Kumar, Sunil; Graham, Jim; Newman, Greg] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USGS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Young, NE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM neyoung@rams.colostate.edu RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 FU US Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation; National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. FX The research for this study was funded by The US Geological Survey (USGS), the National Science Foundation and the National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. We would like to thank the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at the Colorado State University for facility use and expertise. In addition, we would like to thank the Colorado State University herbarium and staff for access to their collection and for their expertise. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 184 IS 9 BP 5439 EP 5451 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2351-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986HI UT WOS:000307332300017 PM 21912866 ER PT J AU Saiki, MK Martin, BA May, TW AF Saiki, Michael K. Martin, Barbara A. May, Thomas W. TI Selenium in aquatic biota inhabiting agricultural drains in the Salton Sea Basin, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Food-chain organisms; Western mosquitofish; Sailfin molly; Desert pupfish ID CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; TOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; LIFE AB Resource managers are concerned that water conservation practices in irrigated farmlands along the southern border of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California, could increase selenium concentrations in agricultural drainwater and harm the desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius), a federally protected endangered species. As part of a broader attempt to address this concern, we conducted a 3-year investigation to collect baseline information on selenium concentrations in seven agricultural drains inhabited by pupfish. We collected water, sediment, selected aquatic food-chain taxa (particulate organic detritus, filamentous algae, net plankton, and midge [Chironomidae] larvae), and two poeciliid fishes (western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna) for selenium determinations. The two fish species served as ecological surrogates for pupfish, which we were not permitted to sacrifice. Dissolved selenium ranged from 0.70 to 32.8 mu g/L, with selenate as the major constituent. Total selenium concentrations in other environmental matrices varied widely among drains, with one drain (Trifolium 18) exhibiting especially high concentrations in detritus, 5.98-58.0 mu g Se/g; midge larvae, 12.7-50.6 mu g Se/g; mosquitofish, 13.2-20.2 mu g Se/g; and mollies, 12.8-30.4 mu g Se/g (all tissue concentrations are based on dry weights). Although toxic thresholds for selenium in fishes from the Salton Sea are still poorly understood, available evidence suggests that ambient concentrations of this element may not be sufficiently elevated to adversely affect reproductive success and survival in selenium-tolerant poeciliids and pupfish. C1 [Saiki, Michael K.; Martin, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov FU Imperial Irrigation District (IID); USGS Fisheries: Aquatic and Endangered Resources Program FX The authors are grateful to the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) and the USGS Fisheries: Aquatic and Endangered Resources Program for funding the work described in this report. Bruce Wilcox of IID assisted with contract management and provided invaluable logistical support. Jeff Tupen, Harry Ohlendorf, and members of the IID Implementation Team provided project guidance and technical oversight. James Fairchild and Harry Ohlendorf reviewed an early draft of this report. USGS personnel who contributed significantly to this project in the field or laboratory included William Brumbaugh, Cory Emerson, Francine Mejia, Toni Russell, and Michael Walther. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 184 IS 9 BP 5623 EP 5640 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2367-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 986HI UT WOS:000307332300032 PM 21915593 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Willson, JD Rodda, GH Dorcas, ME AF Reed, Robert N. Willson, John D. Rodda, Gordon H. Dorcas, Michael E. TI Ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE body size; Burmese python; Florida; invasive species; Python molurus ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; BODY-SIZE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; NOTECHIS-SCUTATUS; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; SUCCESS; ESTABLISHMENT AB An invasive population of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native mammals. Why has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread? We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each attribute. We focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment success. Our results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python's success in Florida. The attributes with the highest scores were: high reproductive potential, low vulnerability to predation, large adult body size, large offspring size and high dietary breadth. However, attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular (including predatory mode, energetic efficiency and social interactions) might have also contributed to invasion success. Although establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments, evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species. C1 [Reed, Robert N.; Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Willson, John D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28036 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM reedr@usgs.gov FU Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs; Vero Beach office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and Invasive Species programs; Everglades National Park; Davidson College; Associated Colleges of the South; J. E. and Majorie B. Pittman Foundation FX Research by Reed and Rodda is supported by the Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs, the Vero Beach office of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science and Invasive Species programs, and Everglades National Park. Dorcas is supported by Davidson College, the Associated Colleges of the South, and the J. E. and Majorie B. Pittman Foundation. We thank P. Andreadis and T. Assal for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 40 U2 374 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 EI 1749-4869 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 254 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00304.x PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 999JE UT WOS:000308304900004 PM 22938523 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang TI Modeling of land use and reservoir effects on nonpoint source pollution in a highly agricultural basin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRAP EFFICIENCY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; EXPORT COEFFICIENT; RACCOON RIVER; SCALE; SWAT; QUALITY; IOWA; UNCERTAINTY AB Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is tightly linked to land use activities that determine the sources and magnitudes of pollutant loadings to stream water. The pollutant loads may also be alleviated within reservoirs because of the physical interception resulting from changed hydrological regimes and other biochemical processes. It is important but challenging to assess the NPS pollution processes with human effects due to the measurement limitations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of human activities such as land uses and reservoir operation on the hydrological and NPS pollution processes in a highly agricultural area-the Iowa River Basin-using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The evaluation of model performance at multiple sites reveals that SWAT can consistently simulate the daily streamflow, and monthly/annual sediment and nutrient loads (nitrate nitrogen and mineral phosphorus) in the basin. We also used the calibrated model to estimate the trap efficiencies of sediment (similar to 78%) and nutrients (similar to 30%) in the Coralville Reservoir within the basin. These non-negligible effects emphasize the significance of incorporating the sediment and nutrient removal mechanisms into watershed system studies. The spatial quantification of the critical NPS pollution loads can help identify hot-spot areas that are likely locations for the best management practices. C1 [Wu, Yiping] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wu, Yiping; Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; US Geological Survey; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (grant NNH07ZDA001N) and US Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program. This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank Ramesh Singh, Omar I. Abdul-Aziz, Craig Walters, and Thomas Adamson for comments on the early version of this paper. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive comments and suggestions for improving the paper quality. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2350 EP 2361 DI 10.1039/c2em30278k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 994AA UT WOS:000307901600006 PM 22790209 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JB Lyons, JE Salzer, LJ Carmona, R Arce, N Wiles, GJ Brady, K Hayes, GE Desimone, SM Schirato, G Michaelis, W AF Buchanan, Joseph B. Lyons, James E. Salzer, Lori J. Carmona, Roberto Arce, Nallely Wiles, Gary J. Brady, Keith Hayes, Gerald E. Desimone, Steven M. Schirato, Greg Michaelis, Warren TI Among-year site fidelity of Red Knots during migration in Washington SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus roselaari; food resources; spring migration; stopover site; Washington ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SPRING MIGRATION; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; BAY; SHOREBIRDS; SURVIVAL; ICELAND; PLOVERS; COAST AB Many shorebirds exhibit within- and among-year site fidelity during their annual cycle. Little is known, however, about the migration ecology of Red Knots (Calidris canutus) that migrate along the Pacific Flyway and occur in Washington in numbers that exceed counts elsewhere on the flyway. At two large estuaries in coastal Washington, Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay, we searched for and recorded the locations of Red Knots (N= 547) that had been individually marked with leg flags at their wintering grounds in Baja California Sur, Mexico, during the period from October 2006 to April 2009. In 2010, we resighted 43 Red Knots at Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay that had been observed at these sites in previous years, primarily in 2009. We found a high degree of site fidelity between years, with birds observed in 2010 more likely to return to the same stopover site used in 2009 than to switch stopover sites. For knots that did not switch estuaries between years, the median nearest distance between locations where individuals were observed between years was 1.4 km at Grays Harbor and 0.6 km at Willapa Bay. Our results provide the first evidence of stopover site fidelity by Red Knots of the roselaari subspecies. Fidelity occurred at three spatial scales: coastal Washington, the two estuaries where we conducted our study, and specific mudflat areas within the estuaries. Because our study sites support high populations of bivalves, Red Knots may be returning to the same areas in subsequent years to exploit what we suspect is a predictable food resource. The abundance of Red Knots and high degree of site fidelity suggest that our study sites in Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay are important for the conservation of this species on the Pacific Flyway. C1 [Buchanan, Joseph B.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Salzer, Lori J.; Wiles, Gary J.; Hayes, Gerald E.; Desimone, Steven M.; Schirato, Greg] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Carmona, Roberto; Arce, Nallely] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Marine Biol Dept, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. [Brady, Keith; Michaelis, Warren] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montesano, WA 98563 USA. RP Buchanan, JB (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM Joseph.Buchanan@dfw.wa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX A number of people played key roles in our use of airboats for Red Knot surveys, including managers, operators and crew: W. Bryan, J. Evans, D. Heimer, L. Holcomb, A. Leonard, N. Mikkelsen, R. Nunez, J. Pahutski, R. Purpon, B. Smith, and M. Watson. K. Brennan, K. Gunther, D. Logan, and B. Martinka shared information about marked Red Knots they observed in 2010. T. Owens assisted with database management. We thank B. Andres (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for providing funds that supported part of our field effort. R. Gill, Jr., N. Warnock, G. Ritchison, and an anonymous referee provided comments that improved our paper. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 83 IS 3 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2012.00376.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 994WP UT WOS:000307965300005 ER PT J AU Kochert, MN Steenhof, K AF Kochert, Michael N. Steenhof, Karen TI FREQUENCY OF NEST USE BY GOLDEN EAGLES IN SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; alternative nests; Idaho; nesting; nest reuse; nesting success; turnover ID RAPTORS AB We studied nest use by Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from 1966 to 2011 to assess nest reuse within territories, ascertain the length of time that elapses between uses of nests, and test the hypotheses that reproductive success and adult turnover influence nest switching. Golden Eagles used 454 nests in 66 territories and used individual nests 1 to 26 times during 45 continuous years of observation. Time between reuse ranged from 1 to 39 yr. Distances between nearest adjacent alternative nests within territories ranged between <1 and 1822 m, and distances between 90% of adjacent nests were <500 m. Of all nests used, 21% fell or disintegrated, and 31% were newly constructed during the study. Nest switching was not associated with the previous year's nesting success, but eagles tended to change nests after turnover of at least one member of the pair. Five of 42 nests used in 1971 and monitored continuously through 2011 were used only once and 21 were used >5 times. Two nests were unused for 21 and 27 yr after 1971 before being used every 1 to 3 yr thereafter. Eagles used 43% of the nests in series of consecutive years (range 3 to 20 consecutive nestings). Protecting unused nests for a proposed 10 yr after the last known use would not have protected 34% of all 300 nests that were reused during the study and 49% of 37 reused nests monitored consistently for 41 yr. The 102 nests that would not have received protection were ill 56 of the 66 territories. C1 [Kochert, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Steenhof, Karen] Owyhee Desert Studies, Murphy, ID USA. RP Kochert, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM mkochert@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey; The Idaho Army National Guard; National Biological Service; PacifiCorp FX This paper is a contribution of the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Major funding came from U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey. The Idaho Army National Guard, National Biological Service, and Pacific Power and Light Company (currently PacifiCorp) also funded the surveys. We thank the numerous individuals and entities that supported and contributed to the project. Specifically we thank J.J. Beecham, A.R. Bammann, L.B. Carpenter, M.W. Collopy, J.H. Doremus, R.N. Lehman, J.M. Marzluff, J.A. Roppe, K.L. Ross, J. Sullivan, and M.S. Vekasy. C.W. Boal, C.L. McIntyre, B.A. Millsap, D. Whittington, P.K. Kochert, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 24 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 999UP UT WOS:000308340800001 ER PT J AU Nussear, KE Tracy, CR Medica, PA Wilson, DS Marlow, RW Corn, PS AF Nussear, K. E. Tracy, C. R. Medica, P. A. Wilson, D. S. Marlow, R. W. Corn, P. S. TI Translocation as a conservation tool for Agassiz's desert tortoises: Survivorship, reproduction, and movements SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal movements; conservation strategies; Gopherus agassizii; reproduction; reptile; site fidelity; tortoise relocation; translocation ID 3-TOED BOX TURTLES; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; MOJAVE DESERT; NEST SUCCESS; POPULATION; AMPHIBIANS; RELOCATION; SURVIVAL; REPTILES AB We translocated 120 Agassiz's desert tortoises to 5 sites in Nevada and Utah to evaluate the effects of translocation on tortoise survivorship, reproduction, and habitat use. Translocation sites included several elevations, and extended to sites with vegetation assemblages not typically associated with desert tortoises in order to explore the possibility of moving animals to upper elevation areas. We measured survivorship, reproduction, and movements of translocated and resident animals at each site. Survivorship was not significantly different between translocated and resident animals within and among sites, and survivorship was greater overall during non-drought years. The number of eggs produced by tortoises was similar for translocated and resident females, but differed among sites. Animals translocated to atypical habitat generally moved until they reached vegetation communities more typical of desert tortoise habitat. Even within typical tortoise habitat, tortoises tended to move greater distances in the first year after translocation than did residents, but their movements in the second or third year after translocation were indistinguishable from those of resident tortoises. Our data show that tortoises translocated into typical Mojave desert scrub habitats perform well; however, the large first-year movements of translocated tortoises have important management implications. Projects that employ translocations must consider how much area will be needed to contain translocated tortoises and whether roads need fencing to prevent the loss of animals. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Nussear, K. E.; Medica, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Tracy, C. R.; Marlow, R. W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol MS 315, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Wilson, D. S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, SW Res Stn, Portal, AZ 85632 USA. [Corn, P. S.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM knussear@usgs.gov FU Desert Conservation Program in Clark County FX Funding for this study came from the Desert Conservation Program in Clark County established as part of the Habitat Conservation Plan for desert tortoises in Clark County. Any use of trade names or specific products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U. S. Government. We are grateful for field assistance from A. Brown, S. Eckert, K. Goldberg, K. Goodwin, D. Haines, N. Herms, G. Knowles, E. Lindberg, R. Loubeau, A. Malisch, B. Tomica, M. Boyles, D. Brown, B. Cullop, G. Fuerst, and H. Powell. Special thanks to K. Murphy and M. Saethre. We thank Dr. Gerald L. Higgins of University Orthopaedics, Las Vegas, NV for processing X-rays. We also appreciate the field efforts from Student Conservation Association volunteers: A. Ables, I. Abrahamson, M. Adam, P. Alexander, K. Altvater, P. Bauman, S. Bouche, J. Bresson, R. Bubb, C. Bulloch, J. Bulloch, J. Bunkers, M. Chambrone, M. Damon, N. Dewar, J. DeWine, T. Driver, J. Duncan, C. Eberhart, L. Feikert, M. Ferdie, K. Field, S. Finks, D. Fockler, E. Forth, N. Fox, S. Frantzeskos, J. Fried, B. Goldman, C. Gray, R. Haney, A. Hanlon, E. Hannes, B. Hanning, K. Hansen, A. Hawkins, N. Hodges, C. Holmes, D. Hyde, R. Jarahian, B. Jenkinson, J. Johnson, K. Johnston, D. Jones, C. Kanuckel, B. Kerpec, K. Kettering, R. Kipp, F. Kittleman, A. Knoshaug, J. Kulczyk, H. Leach, A. Lewellen, M. Lipps, A. Mahar, L. Martin, A. Matthew, J. Mayes, B. Millay, M. Miller, E. Moore, F. Nales, C. Ollig, K. Paxson, H. Peters, K. Pickard, L. Plourde, N. Plummer, B. Quinn, J. Ranson, A. Reynolds, J. Rieb, S. Roberts, J. Russ, S. Sanders, S. Saravia, M. Schick, W. Sears, P. Sharkey, B. Shepard, J. Sikich, L. Snider, T. Solheim, R. Stanley, M. Taggart, M. Thomas, L. Tibbals, E. Vining, A. Warren, K. Wilewski, J. Young, and D. Zimmerman. Earlier versions of this manuscript benefited from review and discussions with R. Espinoza, T. Esque, J. Hayes, S. Jenkins, M. Saethre, E. Simandle, L. Zimmerman, F. Thompson, J. Maerz and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1341 EP 1353 DI 10.1002/jwmg.390 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 994WT UT WOS:000307965900002 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Krapu, GL Cox, RR AF Pearse, Aaron T. Krapu, Gary L. Cox, Robert R., Jr. TI Spring snow goose hunting influences body composition of waterfowl staging in Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Anser albifrons; Chen caerulescens; lipid; protein; spring migration ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; LESSER SNOW; HABITAT USE; NUTRIENT RESERVES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; RAINWATER BASIN; CONDITION BIAS; ROSSS GEESE; MIGRATION; DISTURBANCE AB A spring hunt was instituted in North America to reduce abundance of snow geese (Chen caerulescens) by increasing mortality of adults directly, yet disturbance from hunting activities can indirectly influence body condition and ultimately, reproductive success. We estimated effects of hunting disturbance by comparing body composition of snow geese and non-target species, greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) and northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected in portions of south-central Nebraska that were open (eastern Rainwater Basin, ERB) and closed (western Rainwater Basin, WRB; and central Platte River Valley, CPRV) to snow goose hunting during springs 1998 and 1999. Lipid content of 170 snow geese was 25% (57?g) less in areas open to hunting compared to areas closed during hunting season but similar in all areas after hunting was concluded in the ERB. Protein content of snow geese was 3% (14?g) less in the region open to hunting. Greater white-fronted geese had 24% (76?g; n?=?129) less lipids in the hunted portion of the study area during hunting season, and this difference persisted after conclusion of hunting season. We found little difference in lipid or protein content of northern pintails in relation to spring hunting. Indirect effects of spring hunting may be considered a collateral benefit regarding efforts to reduce overabundant snow goose populations. Disrupted nutrient storage observed in greater white-fronted geese represents an unintended consequence of spring hunting that has potential to adversely affect reproduction for this and other species of waterbirds staging in the region. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Cox, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District; U.S. Geological Survey-Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study FX We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District, and U.S. Geological Survey-Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study for funding and in-kind assistance. D. Brandt, R. Griebel, G. Knutsen, F. Sargeant, and R. Woodward provided assistance during fieldwork. M. Vrtiska provided information pertaining to regulations of spring hunts. R. Alisauskas, J-F. Giroux, J. Schmutz, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments to earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1393 EP 1400 DI 10.1002/jwmg.389 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 994WT UT WOS:000307965900007 ER PT J AU Courtot, KN Roby, DD Adkins, JY Lyons, DE King, DT Larsen, RS AF Courtot, Karen N. Roby, Daniel D. Adkins, Jessica Y. Lyons, Donald E. King, D. Tommy Larsen, R. Scott TI Colony connectivity of Pacific Coast double-crested cormorants based on post-breeding dispersal from the region's largest colony SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding dispersal; cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; prospecting; redistribution; satellite-telemetry ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MIGRATION; PATTERNS; EAST; MANAGEMENT; CANADA; GROWTH AB To reduce conflicts with fish resources, other colonial waterbirds, and damage to habitats, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are currently controlled (lethally and non-lethally) throughout much of their range. Concerns are growing over the Pacific Coast's largest double-crested cormorant colony at East Sand Island (ESI), Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, where cormorants forage on juvenile salmonids, many of which are listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Management of this colony is currently under consideration and may call for a redistribution of a portion of this colony numbering more than 12,000 breeding pairs in 2009. We investigated regional and site-specific connectivity of ESI cormorants using satellite-telemetry to track post-breeding dispersal. Cormorants dispersed widely west of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia, Canada to northern Mexico. Tracking data demonstrated direct connectivity between the double-crested cormorant colony at ESI and nesting sites throughout the dispersal area. Results of this study indicate that some cormorants from ESI could disperse to prospect for nesting sites throughout much of the western portion of the range of the Western Population; however, regional variation in connectivity with the ESI population, distance from ESI, and site-specific nesting history will likely result in variable prospecting rates among regions and sub-regions. Management efforts aimed at redistributing ESI cormorants across western North America (e.g., social attraction or dissuasion techniques) might be best allocated to areas or sites known to be used by tagged cormorants, particularly those sites with an established nesting history. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [King, D. Tommy] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Larsen, R. Scott] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Courtot, KN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM karen.courtot@gmail.com OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon; Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon FX We thank J. Waldoch for assistance with in-field surgical implantations of transmitters. We also thank many field technicians for their valuable assistance, particularly K. Atkins, L. Bayliss, S. Collar, L. Kerr, T. Marcella, S. Moculeski, K. Montgomery, M. Mudge, and A. Peck-Richardson. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon (G. Dorsey and P. Schmidt) and the Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon (D. Welch). Permits were granted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 1 Migratory Bird Office, Portland, OR) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (Salem, OR). Mention of trademarks or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers and C. Krause for insightful comments that improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1462 EP 1471 DI 10.1002/jwmg.403 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 994WT UT WOS:000307965900015 ER PT J AU Berg, ND Gese, EM Squires, JR Aubry, LM AF Berg, Nathan D. Gese, Eric M. Squires, John R. Aubry, Lise M. TI Influence of forest structure on the abundance of snowshoe hares in western Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest structure; Lepus americanus; Poisson regression models; snowshoe hare; Wyoming ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LYNX LYNX-CANADENSIS; FECAL PELLET COUNTS; CANADA LYNX; NORTHERN MAINE; POPULATION-DENSITY; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT USE; SELECTION; WINTER AB Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are a primary prey species for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) in western North America. Lynx management plans require knowledge of potential prey distribution and abundance in the western United States. Whether even-aged regenerating forests or multi-storied forests contain more snowshoe hares is currently unknown. During 20062008, we estimated snowshoe hare density in 3 classes of 3070-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and 4 classes of late seral multi-storied forest with a spruce (Picea engelmannii)-fir (Abies lasiocarpa) component in the Bridger-Teton National Forest, Wyoming. We recorded physiographic variables and forest structure characteristics to understand how these factors influence abundance of snowshoe hares. In many instances, snowshoe hares were more abundant in late seral multi-storied forests than regenerating even-aged forests. Forest attributes predicting hare abundance were often more prevalent in multi-storied forests. Late seral multi-storied forests with a sprucefir component and dense horizontal cover, as well as 3070-year-old lodgepole pine with high stem density, were disproportionately influential in explaining snowshoe hare densities in western Wyoming. In order to promote improved habitat conditions for snowshoe hares in this region, management agencies should consider shifting their focus towards maintaining, enhancing, and promoting multi-storied forests with dense horizontal cover, as well as developing 3070-year-old lodgepole pine stands with high stem density that structurally mimic multi-storied forests. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Squires, John R.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Berg, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tok, AK 99780 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation FX Financial and logistical support was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation. We thank K. Johnson and L. Koch for their encouragement in initiating this research, recruiting technicians and volunteers, and helping with logistics; P. McEachern and N. Smith for valuable field assistance; R. Oakleaf and S. Patla for providing traps; K. Hodges and D. Murray for valuable suggestions on methods; and W. N. Johnson and F. Provenza for review of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1480 EP 1488 DI 10.1002/jwmg.385 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 994WT UT WOS:000307965900017 ER PT J AU Bart, J Dunn, L Leist, A Sabin, L AF Bart, Jonathan Dunn, Leah Leist, Amy Sabin, Laura TI Sampling large landscapes with small-scale stratification SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; Bureau of Reclamation; Colorado River; double sampling; estimation; landscape ecology; surveys ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; FIELD-EVALUATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; ABUNDANCE; DISTANCE; DESIGNS; TRENDS AB This study, carried out for the United States Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), demonstrated methods for surveying large landscapes using small-scale, habitat-based stratification, a common problem that has heretofore received little attention. The goal was to design a sampling plan for detecting change in the density of breeding birds of 6 species occurring along the Colorado River around and south of Lake Mead in the southwestern United States. The main problem in designing the study was that the focal species were concentrated in small, irregularly shaped patches of habitat. We partitioned the study area into >15,000 plots configured to enclose the high-quality habitat in the fewest possible plots with the constraint that plots could be surveyed in 1 morning by 1 person. Because of the irregular plot shapes and extremely dense vegetation, we used area searches to carry out the surveys. We used double-sampling, including a large sample of plots surveyed with a rapid method and a subsample of plots surveyed intensively, to estimate detection ratios. A simulation study helped allocate effort between rapid and intensive surveys and indicated that conducting 80 surveys per year would achieve high power to detect a 50% decline occurring during 20 years. This is one of the first studies to show how large landscapes can be sampled using small-scale stratification so that effort can be concentrated in the habitats of greatest interest. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Dunn, Leah; Leist, Amy] Great Basin Bird Observ, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Sabin, Laura] US Bur Reclamat, Boulder City, NV 89006 USA. RP Bart, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM jon_bart@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many surveyors who carried out the field work and numerous specialists in bird survey methods who helped us develop the sampling plan, field methods, and analytic approaches. P. Smith and L. McDonald provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft. The Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey provided funding. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1489 EP 1498 DI 10.1002/jwmg.384 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 994WT UT WOS:000307965900018 ER PT J AU Self-Trail, JM Powars, DS Watkins, DK Wandless, GA AF Self-Trail, Jean M. Powars, David S. Watkins, David K. Wandless, Gregory A. TI Calcareous nannofossil assemblage changes across the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Evidence from a shelf setting SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum; calcareous nannofossils; paleoclimate ID COASTAL TANZANIA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; NEW-JERSEY; NANNOPLANKTON; CALCIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; BOUNDARY; EVENT; EXTINCTION; TRANSITION AB Biotic response of calcareous nannoplankton to abrupt warming across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary reflects a primary response to climatically induced parameters including increased continental runoff of freshwater, global acidification of seawater, high sedimentation rates, and calcareous nannoplankton assemblage turnover. We identify ecophenotypic nannofossil species adapted to low pH conditions (Discoaster anartios, D. araneus, Rhomboaster spp.), excursion taxa adapted to the extremely warm climatic conditions (Bomolithus supremus and Coccolithus bownii), three species of the genus Toweius (T. serotinus, T. callosus, T. occultatus) adapted to warm, rather than cool, water conditions, opportunists adapted to high productivity conditions (Coronocyclus bramlettei, Neochiastozygus junctus), and species adapted to oligotropic and/or cool-water conditions that went into refugium during the PETM (Zygrablithus bijugatus, Calcidiscus? parvicrucis and Chiasmolithus bidens). Discoaster anartios was adapted to meso- to eutrophic, rather than oligotrophic, conditions. Comparison of these data to previous work on sediments deposited on shelf settings suggests that local conditions such as high precipitation rates and possible increase in major storms such as hurricanes resulted in increased continental runoff and high sedimentation rates that affected assemblage response to the PETM. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Self-Trail, Jean M.; Powars, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Watkins, David K.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Wandless, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 951, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Self-Trail, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jstrail@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 92-93 BP 61 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.05.003 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 996CK UT WOS:000308061400006 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS Farmer, J Bauch, HA Spielhagen, RF Jakobsson, M Nilsson, J Briggs, WM Stepanova, A AF Cronin, T. M. Dwyer, G. S. Farmer, J. Bauch, H. A. Spielhagen, R. F. Jakobsson, M. Nilsson, J. Briggs, W. M., Jr. Stepanova, A. TI Deep Arctic Ocean warming during the last glacial cycle SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; ICE-SHELF; SEA-ICE; WATERS; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; SURFACE; EVENT AB In the Arctic Ocean, the cold and relatively fresh water beneath the sea ice is separated from the underlying warmer and saltier Atlantic Layer by a halocline. Ongoing sea ice loss and warming in the Arctic Ocean(1-7) have demonstrated the instability of the halocline, with implications for further sea ice loss. The stability of the halocline through past climate variations(8-10) is unclear. Here we estimate intermediate water temperatures over the past 50,000 years from the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca values of ostracods from 31 Arctic sediment cores. From about 50 to 11 kyr ago, the central Arctic Basin from 1,000 to 2,500 m was occupied by a water mass we call Glacial Arctic Intermediate Water. This water mass was 1-2 degrees C warmer than modern Arctic Intermediate Water, with temperatures peaking during or just before millennial-scale Heinrich cold events and the Younger Dryas cold interval. We use numerical modelling to show that the intermediate depth warming could result from the expected decrease in the flux of fresh water to the Arctic Ocean during glacial conditions, which would cause the halocline to deepen and push the warm Atlantic Layer into intermediate depths. Although not modelled, the reduced formation of cold, deep waters due to the exposure of the Arctic continental shelf could also contribute to the intermediate depth warming. C1 [Cronin, T. M.; Farmer, J.] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Dwyer, G. S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Farmer, J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bauch, H. A.; Spielhagen, R. F.] Mainz Acad Sci Humanities & Literature, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Bauch, H. A.; Spielhagen, R. F.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Jakobsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Nilsson, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Briggs, W. M., Jr.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stepanova, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; OI Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559; Nilsson, Johan/0000-0002-9591-124X FU US Geological Survey Global Change Program; National Science Foundation [OPP-9400,255]; Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Literature Mainz through the 'Akademienprogramm'; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX We thank E. Brouwers, C. Callicott, L. Gemery, T. Ichinose, R. Kihl, T. Nettleton, and N. Seevers for sample processing, E. Klein for use of the atomic emission spectrometer, R. Poirier for chronology, T. Rasmussen, D. Darby, P. De Deckker and R. Marzen for graphics, and C. Merz, C. Vogt and R. DeConto for helpful discussions. T.M.C., J.F. and G.S.D. are financially supported by the US Geological Survey Global Change Program; W.M.B. by National Science Foundation Grant OPP-9400,255; H.A.B. and R.F.S. received financial support from the Academy of Sciences, Humanities, and Literature Mainz through the 'Akademienprogramm'. The Swedish contribution was supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 5 IS 9 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1038/NGEO1557 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 998BD UT WOS:000308211300018 ER PT J AU Rogers, MW Allen, MS AF Rogers, Mark W. Allen, Micheal S. TI An Ecosystem Model for Exploring Lake Restoration Effects on Fish Communities and Fisheries in Florida SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecopath; Ecosim; littoral habitat; sport fish ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; HABITAT ENHANCEMENT; MACROPHYTES; KISSIMMEE; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS AB Developing quantitative ecosystemscale expectations of habitat restoration projects and examining trade-offs associated with alternative approaches has been a challenge for restoration ecology. Many of the largest freshwater lake restoration projects have occurred in Florida to remediate degradation to vegetated littoral habitats resulting from stabilized water levels, but effects across lake food-webs have not been assessed. We developed an ecosystem model using Ecopath with Ecosim and Ecospace for a generalized large, eutrophic Florida Lake to explore how simulated restoration activities could influence fish communities with emphasis on sport fish abundance. We modeled three habitat restoration scenarios: (1) no control, (2) a 10-year control that restored littoral habitat every 10 years, and (3) a combined control scenario that restored littoral habitat every 10 years with maintenance controls between 10-year periods. Our combined control scenario provided the largest long-term habitat restoration benefits for sport fish abundance and the fisheries they support. In Ecospace, we simulated a littoral habitat restoration project that reduced lake-wide tussock coverage from 30 to 15%. Ecospace predicted positive benefits to sport fish and fisheries following the restoration simulation and highlighted the importance of habitat edge effects, spatial design of habitat restoration projects, and sampling designs for evaluating restoration projects. C1 [Rogers, Mark W.; Allen, Micheal S.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Rogers, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mwrogers@usgs.gov FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX J.B. Furse, J. Kerns, E. Nagid, and B. Thompson provided FWC data that allowed for our analyses and model development. K. Bonvechio (FWC) summarized diet composition data for informing Ecopath inputs. C. Walters provided helpful suggestions that contributed to our EwE modeling exercises. This work was funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00819.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000PR UT WOS:000308399600010 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Lauenroth, WK AF Munson, Seth M. Lauenroth, William K. TI Plant Community Recovery Following Restoration in Semiarid Grasslands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; cultivation; disturbance; perennial grass; plant functional type; shortgrass steppe; succession ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; AVAILABILITY; VEGETATION; GRASSES; SOIL AB The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is an extensive land use in the United States, which restores cultivated land to perennial vegetation through seeding. Low precipitation and high potential evapotranspiration are major limitations to the establishment and growth of seeded species in semiarid regions. We tested the rate of development of plant functional types across a chronosequence of restored fields using a model of plant succession. We also determined how the seeding of non-native (introduced) relative to native perennial grasses influenced plant community recovery. In contrast to the native shortgrass steppe (SGS), recently seeded CRP fields had high cover of annuals, forbs, C3, and introduced species. The seed mix determined which perennial grasses dominated the plant community within 18 years, but slow establishment prolonged early seral stages, allowed for the spread of colonizing perennial grasses, and limited recovery to less than half the canopy cover of undisturbed shortrass steppe. Species density declined in restored fields as seeded perennial grass cover increased and was lower in CRP fields seeded with introduced compared to native perennial grasses. Plant community composition transitioned to C4 and native species, even if fields were not seeded with these species, and was modified by shifts in the amount and seasonality of precipitation. Thus, in semiarid CRP fields, we found that the potential for recovery depended on time since CRP enrollment, seed mix, and climatic variability. Full recovery, based on similarity to vegetation cover and composition of undisturbed SGS, requires greater than 20 years. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0217631]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0094-005]; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station [1-57661] FX This project was made possible by Weld County CRP landowners, who generously let us work on their land. We thank J. Wicke at NRCS and the SGS-LTER staff for their support. P. Chapman provided statistical advice. Thanks to A. Knapp, N. Hannan, I. Burke, J. Ludwig, and two anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this article. This research was supported by the Shortgrass Steppe LTER project (National Science Foundation Grant No. 0217631), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant No. 2006-0094-005), and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station (Grant No. 1-57661). NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 IS 5 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00808.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 000PR UT WOS:000308399600015 ER PT J AU Medas, D Cidu, R Lattanzi, P Podda, F Wanty, RB De Giudici, G AF Medas, D. Cidu, R. Lattanzi, P. Podda, F. Wanty, R. B. De Giudici, G. TI Hydrozincite seasonal precipitation at Naracauli (Sardinia - Italy): Hydrochemical factors and morphological features of the biomineralization process SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO ID ZN-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6); PICOPLANKTON; SYSTEMS; WATERS AB Hydrozincite [Zn-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6)] precipitation from Naracauli waters (SW Sardinia) is, among other things, promoted by a microbial community made up of a filamentous cyanobacterium (Scytonema sp.) and a microalgae (Chlorella sp.). Hydrozincite bioprecipitation is responsible for the natural removal of harmful metals, especially Zn, from the stream waters. Thus, hydrozincite could be used to attenuate metal pollution in mining waters. Information on environmental conditions which promote the biomineralization process is fundamental for the development of remediation strategies. This paper aims to investigate the variables controlling the biomineralization process, and seasonal variation of the hydrochemical factors that affect hydrozincite precipitation. Hydrozincite morphology varies depending on the environmental conditions. Specifically, changes were observed between samples collected in late spring and samples collected in summer, and among samples precipitated under different water flow conditions. According to field observations, correlated with speciation and equilibrium calculation, the maximum intensity in hydrozincite precipitation occurs in the late spring during rainy years. In these conditions, the hydraulic regime in the stream reaches stationary conditions, and saturation index values with respect to hydrozincite reach their highest values. Concomitantly, the Zn2+/CO32- molar ratio reaches values close to 1, indicating that kinetic processes have a role on the hydrozincite biomineralization process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Medas, D.; Cidu, R.; Lattanzi, P.; Podda, F.; De Giudici, G.] Univ Cagliari, Dept Earth Sci, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. [Wanty, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP De Giudici, G (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Earth Sci, I-09127 Cagliari, Italy. EM gbgiudic@unica.it RI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/A-5817-2012 OI Lattanzi, Pierfranco/0000-0003-4352-2709 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1820 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.016 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 996HK UT WOS:000308075300015 ER PT J AU Kram, P Hruska, J Shanley, JB AF Kram, Pavel Hruska, Jakub Shanley, James B. TI Streamwater chemistry in three contrasting monolithologic Czech catchments SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI) CY AUG 16-20, 2010 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO ID GEOCHEMICAL MASS-BALANCES; CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORIES; SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE; WEATHERING RATES; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ACID-DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACIDIFICATION; SOIL; LITHOLOGY AB Hydrochemical patterns resulting from differing bedrock geochemistry were ascertained by concurrent streamwater sampling in three small catchments, each underlain by geochemically contrasting silicate rock types in the western Czech Republic, Central Europe in 2001-2010. The catchments are situated 5-7 km apart in the Slavkov Forest and are occupied by Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations. They have similar altitude, area, topography, mean annual air temperature, and atmospheric deposition fluxes. The amount of base cations oxides (Ca + Mg + Na + K) is markedly different among the three studied rocks (leucogranite 8%, amphibolite 22%, serpentinite 36%). The leucogranite contains a very small amount of MgO, while the serpentinite contains extremely large amounts of MgO. The amphibolite contains an intermediate amount of MgO and elevated CaO. The Lysina, on leucogranite, exhibited very small concentrations of Mg (median 0.4 mg L-1) in streamwater; Pluhu v Bor, on serpentinite, contained extremely high concentrations of streamwater Mg (18 mg L-1). Streamwater in the Na Zelenem catchment, on amphibolite, contained an intermediate amount of Mg and an elevated Ca. Very low pH (4.2), negative alkalinity (-60 mu eq L-1) and high inorganic monomeric Al concentrations (0.3 mg L-1) were found in the stream draining leucogranite. Serpentinite streamwater exhibited the highest pH (7.6), alkalinity (+ 940 mu eq L-1) and Ni concentrations (100 mu g L-1). Aquatic chemistry reflected the composition of the underlying rocks within the studied catchments. Contrasting streamwater compositions of the studied catchments were generated according to the MAGIC model simulations mainly by differences in chemical weathering rates of base cations (65 meq m(-2) a(-1) at Lysina, 198 meq m(-2) a(-1) at Na Zelenem, and 241 meq m(-2) a(-1) at Pluhu v Bor). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kram, Pavel; Hruska, Jakub] Czech Geol Survey, Dept Environm Geochem & Biogeochem, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Kram, P (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Dept Environm Geochem & Biogeochem, Klarov 3, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. EM pavel.kram@geology.cz RI Hruska, Jakub/G-1562-2014 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1854 EP 1863 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.020 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 996HK UT WOS:000308075300019 ER PT J AU Poulos, HM Chernoff, B Fuller, PL Butman, D AF Poulos, Helen M. Chernoff, Barry Fuller, Pam L. Butman, David TI Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE invasive fishes; maximum entropy; Cyprinella lutrensis; species distribution modeling ID NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRGIN RIVER; FISHES; HABITAT; ESTABLISHMENT; EXTINCTIONS; MANAGEMENT; ASSEMBLAGE; CALIFORNIA AB Predicting the future spread of non-native aquatic species continues to be a high priority for natural resource managers striving to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function. Modeling the potential distributions of alien aquatic species through spatially explicit mapping is an increasingly important tool for risk assessment and prediction. Habitat modeling also facilitates the identification of key environmental variables influencing species distributions. We modeled the potential distribution of an aggressive invasive minnow, the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), in waterways of the conterminous United States using maximum entropy (Maxent). We used inventory records from the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, native records for C. lutrensis from museum collections, and a geographic information system of 20 raster climatic and environmental variables to produce a map of potential red shiner habitat. Summer climatic variables were the most important environmental predictors of C. lutrensis distribution, which was consistent with the high temperature tolerance of this species. Results from this study provide insights into the locations and environmental conditions in the US that are susceptible to red shiner invasion. C1 [Poulos, Helen M.] Wesleyan Univ, Coll Environm, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. [Chernoff, Barry] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. [Chernoff, Barry] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. [Fuller, Pam L.] SE Ecol Sci Ctr, USGS, Nonindigenous Aquat Species Program, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Butman, David] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Poulos, HM (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Coll Environm, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. EM hpoulos@wesleyan.edu; bchernoff@wesleyan.edu; pfuller@usgs.gov; david.butman@yale.edu OI Fuller, Pam/0000-0002-9389-9144 FU Mellon Foundation; Robert Schumann FX The authors wish to thank Michael Retzer of the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection, Alexandra Snyder of the Museum of Southwestern Biology, Adam Cohen of the Texas Natural History Collection, Keith Gido from Kansas State University, Hank Bart Jr. at Tulane University, and Edith Marsh-Matthews of the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History for providing red shiner distribution data. They also thank Dr. Jane Elith, Dr. Noel Burkhead, and one other anonymous reviewer from USGS for helpful comments on this manuscript. Support for this project was provided by a grant from the Mellon Foundation and support for Environmental Studies by Robert Schumann. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 49 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 999YS UT WOS:000308352500009 ER PT J AU Kushendratno Pallister, JS Kristianto Bina, FR McCausland, W Carn, S Haerani, N Griswold, J Keeler, R AF Kushendratno Pallister, John S. Kristianto Bina, Farid Ruskanda McCausland, Wendy Carn, Simon Haerani, Nia Griswold, Julia Keeler, Ron TI Recent explosive eruptions and volcano hazards at Soputan volcano-a basalt stratovolcano in north Sulawesi, Indonesia SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Basalt; Explosive volcanism; Petrology; Remote sensing; Eruption forecasting; Indonesia ID PHASE-RELATIONS; MANTLE; TEMPERATURES; EQUILIBRIA; ZONES; ROCKS; LAVAS; CRUST; ARC AB Soputan is a high-alumina basalt stratovolcano located in the active North Sulawesi-Sangihe Islands magmatic arc. Although immediately adjacent to the still geothermally active Quaternary Tondono Caldera, Soputan's magmas are geochemically distinct from those of the caldera and from other magmas in the arc. Unusual for a basalt volcano, Soputan produces summit lava domes and explosive eruptions with high-altitude ash plumes and pyroclastic flows-eight explosive eruptions during the period 2003-2011. Our field observations, remote sensing, gas emission, seismic, and petrologic analyses indicate that Soputan is an open-vent-type volcano that taps basalt magma derived from the arc-mantle wedge, accumulated and fractionated in a deep-crustal reservoir and transported slowly or staged at shallow levels prior to eruption. A combination of high phenocryst content, extensive microlite crystallization and separation of a gas phase at shallow levels results in a highly viscous basalt magma and explosive eruptive style. The open-vent structure and frequent eruptions indicate that Soputan will likely erupt again in the next decade, perhaps repeatedly. Explosive eruptions in the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) 2-3 range and lava dome growth are most probable, with a small chance of larger VEI 4 eruptions. A rapid ramp up in seismicity preceding the recent eruptions suggests that future eruptions may have no more than a few days of seismic warning. Risk to population in the region is currently greatest for villages located on the southern and western flanks of the volcano where flow deposits are directed by topography. In addition, Soputan's explosive eruptions produce high-altitude ash clouds that pose a risk to air traffic in the region. C1 [Pallister, John S.; McCausland, Wendy; Griswold, Julia] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Pallister, John S.; McCausland, Wendy; Griswold, Julia] Cascades Volcano Observ, USAID Off Foreign Disaster Assistance, VDAP, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Kushendratno; Kristianto; Bina, Farid Ruskanda; Haerani, Nia] Geol Agcy, Indonesian Minist Petr & Minerals, CVGHM, Bandung 40122, Indonesia. [Carn, Simon] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Keeler, Ron] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov FU Indonesian Geological Agency; Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation; USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; NASA [NNX09AJ40G, NNX10AG60G, NNX11AF42G] FX The authors acknowledge the Indonesian Geological Agency and its Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (Surono, Director) and the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance for their support of our work in North Sulawesi. SAC acknowledges funding from NASA through grants NNX09AJ40G (Aura Validation), NNX10AG60G (Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program), and NNX11AF42G (Aura Science Team). We benefitted substantially from constructive and informative reviews by William E. Scott, Thomas W. Sisson, Fidel Costa, and Rudiger Escobar-Wolf. We especially thank reviewer Sisson for his assistance with MELTS modeling of the Soputan basalt composition and his insights into HAB petrogenesis. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1581 EP 1609 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0620-2 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 992FV UT WOS:000307761900001 ER PT J AU Parcheta, CE Houghton, BF Swanson, DA AF Parcheta, C. E. Houghton, B. F. Swanson, D. A. TI Hawaiian fissure fountains 1: decoding deposits-episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mauna Ulu; Hawaiian fountains; Fissure eruption; Spatter rampart; Tree mold; Thinning rate ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS; MOUNT-ETNA; MECHANISM; VOLUME AB Deposits from episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption of KA << lauea provide an exceptional opportunity to study processes of low intensity Hawaiian fissure fountains. Episode 1 lava flows passed through dense forest that had little impact on flow dynamics; in contrast, the pattern of spatter preservation was strongly influenced by the forest (through the formation of tree molds) and the preexisting topography. A low, near-continuous spatter rampart is present upwind and upslope, on the north side of the fissure. Most of the pyroclastic products, however, fell downwind to the south of the fissure, but little was preserved due to two processes: (1) incorporation of proximal spatter in rheomorphic lava flows 10-20 m from the vents, and (2) the downslope transport of cooler spatter falling on top of these flows beyond 20 m from vent. The lava flow field itself shows a complex history. Initially, discharge from the fissure exceeded the transport capacity of the southern drainage pathways, and lava ponded dynamically to a maximum height of 4 m for 40-120 min, until fountains began to decline. During declining discharge, lava flowed both southward away from the fissure and increasingly back into the vents. There is a clear "lava-shed" or delineation between where lava drained northwards back into the fissure, and where it continued flowing to the south. The 1969 deposits suggest that care is needed when products of less well-documented eruptions are analyzed, as postdepositional transport of spatter may preclude the formation of classic paired (symmetrical) ramparts. C1 [Parcheta, C. E.; Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Parcheta, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parcheta@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR0810332]; Hawaiian Volcano Observatory postgraduate fellowship FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR0810332) and a Hawaiian Volcano Observatory postgraduate fellowship. We would like to thank Margherita Polacci and several anonymous reviewers for their insightful, detailed, and helpful comments for the BV review process and Matt Patrick for equally helpful suggestions in the USGS internal review processes. We would also like to thank the first editor, Michael Manga, for his constructive review, guidance, and encouragement during the original submission of this paper, as well as Andy Harris and Jacopo Taddeucci for valuable discussion points. Finally, we would like to thank Mike Poland at HVO for his assistance with use of the kinematic GPS unit for this research. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1729 EP 1743 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0621-1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 992FV UT WOS:000307761900009 ER PT J AU Small, GE Ardon, M Jackman, AP Duff, JH Triska, FJ Ramirez, A Snyder, M Pringle, CM AF Small, Gaston E. Ardon, Marcelo Jackman, Alan P. Duff, John H. Triska, Frank J. Ramirez, Alonso Snyder, Marcia Pringle, Catherine M. TI Rainfall-Driven Amplification of Seasonal Acidification in Poorly Buffered Tropical Streams SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acidification; carbonic acid; climate; CO2; El Nino; stream; tropical ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; INTERBASIN GROUNDWATER-FLOW; COSTA-RICA; LA-SELVA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; FOREST; WATERS; ACIDITY; PH AB Acidification in freshwater ecosystems has important ecological and biogeochemical effects. Temperate streams affected by anthropogenic acidification have been extensively studied, but our understanding of natural acidification in tropical streams has been constrained by the lack of long-term datasets. Here, we analyze 14 years of monthly observations from 13 sampling stations in eight tropical streams in lowland Costa Rica. Stream pH increased during the 4-month dry season and declined throughout the wet season. The magnitude of the seasonal pH decline was greatest following the driest dry seasons, including the historically large El Nio Southern Oscillation event in 1998 when pH values dropped below 4.0 in some streams. Dissolved CO2 accounts for the low baseline pH in the poorly buffered study streams, and we hypothesize that an influx of soil-derived CO2 via subsurface flow paths contributes to the observed seasonal pH declines. Our results show tight coupling between rainfall, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems in the tropics. Predicted decreases in dry season rainfall for the tropics may lead to an increased magnitude of seasonal acidification. C1 [Small, Gaston E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ardon, Marcelo] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Jackman, Alan P.; Duff, John H.; Triska, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ramirez, Alonso] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Snyder, Marcia; Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Small, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gesmall@umn.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; Ramirez, Alonso/E-4462-2012; OI Ramirez, Alonso/0000-0001-9985-5719; Ardon, Marcelo/0000-0001-7275-2672; Small, Gaston/0000-0002-9018-7555 FU National Science Foundation through Long-Term Studies in Environmental Biology program [DEB 9528434, DEB 0075339, DEB 0545463]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award [FP-91687101-0]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0805576] FX We are grateful to Minor Hidalgo for collecting long-term samples and measurements over 14 years and for logistical support from the Organization for Tropical Studies. D. A. Clark compiled long-term precipitation data for LSBS. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Long-Term Studies in Environmental Biology program (DEB 9528434, DEB 0075339, DEB 0545463). During the writing of this manuscript, G. E. S. was supported by an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) award (FP-91687101-0) and M. A. was supported by a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship award (DEB-0805576). We thank Anthony Aufdenkampe, Mark Johnson, Daniel Markewitz, Bill McDowell, Jeff Richey, and Daniel Richter for discussions which helped us to improve this manuscript. The manuscript was also improved by comments from anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2012 VL 15 IS 6 BP 974 EP 985 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9559-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 992GN UT WOS:000307763700009 ER PT J AU Blum, JS Kulp, TR Han, S Lanoil, B Saltikov, CW Stolz, JF Miller, LG Oremland, RS AF Blum, Jodi Switzer Kulp, Thomas R. Han, Sukkyun Lanoil, Brian Saltikov, Chad W. Stolz, John F. Miller, Laurence G. Oremland, Ronald S. TI Desulfohalophilus alkaliarsenatis gen. nov., sp nov., an extremely halophilic sulfate- and arsenate-respiring bacterium from Searles Lake, California SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Alkaliphile ecology; Systematics; Anaerobic bacteria; Metaloxidation and reduction; Halophiles; Ecology; Biotechnology; Phylogeny; Genetics; Taxonomy; Enzymes ID GREAT-SALT-LAKE; HYPERSALINE ANOXIC BASINS; THIODISMUTANS SP NOV.; BIG-SODA LAKE; REDUCING BACTERIUM; MONO-LAKE; DISSIMILATORY ARSENATE; DEAD-SEA; NATURAL WATERS; REDUCTION AB A haloalkaliphilic sulfate-respiring bacterium, strain SLSR-1, was isolated from a lactate-fed stable enrichment culture originally obtained from the extreme environment of Searles Lake, California. The isolate proved capable of growth via sulfate-reduction over a broad range of salinities (125-330 g/L), although growth was slowest at salt-saturation. Strain SLSR-1 was also capable of growth via dissimilatory arsenate-reduction and displayed an even broader range of salinity tolerance (50-330 g/L) when grown under these conditions. Strain SLSR-1 could also grow via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia. Growth experiments in the presence of high borate concentrations indicated a greater sensitivity of sulfate-reduction than arsenate-respiration to this naturally abundant anion in Searles Lake. Strain SLSR-1 contained genes involved in both sulfate-reduction (dsrAB) and arsenate respiration (arrA). Amplicons of 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from DNA extracted from Searles Lake sediment revealed the presence of close relatives of strain SLSR-1 as part of the flora of this ecosystem despite the fact that sulfate-reduction activity could not be detected in situ. We conclude that strain SLSR-1 can only achieve growth via arsenate-reduction under the current chemical conditions prevalent at Searles Lake. Strain SLSR-1 is a deltaproteobacterium in the family Desulfohalobiacea of anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic bacteria, for which we propose the name Desulfohalophilus alkaliarsenatis gen. nov., sp. nov. C1 [Blum, Jodi Switzer; Miller, Laurence G.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kulp, Thomas R.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Han, Sukkyun; Lanoil, Brian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Saltikov, Chad W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov OI Lanoil, Brian/0000-0001-8603-8330 FU NASA; Toxics Hydrology Program of the US Geological Survey FX We are extremely grateful to A. Oren and D. Sorokin for helpful comments and guidance on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by a NASA Exobiology grant to RSO and JFS, and by the Toxics Hydrology Program of the US Geological Survey NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD SEP PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s00792-012-0468-6 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 998OD UT WOS:000308248700004 PM 22744231 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Barnard, PL AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Barnard, Patrick L. TI The offshore export of sand during exceptional discharge from California rivers SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL SEDIMENT BUDGETS; MOUTHS; FLOWS; DELTA; SHELF; BEACH AB Littoral cells along active tectonic margins receive large inputs of sand and gravel from coastal watersheds and commonly lose this sediment to submarine canyons. One hypothesis is that the majority of coarse (sand and gravel) river sediment discharge will be emplaced within and immediately "resupply" local littoral cells. A competing hypothesis is that the infrequent, large floods that supply the majority of littoral sediment may discharge water-sediment mixtures within negatively buoyant hyperpycnal plumes that transport sediment offshore of the littoral cell. Here we summarize pre- and post-flood surveys of two wave-dominated California (United States) river deltas during record to near-record floods to help evaluate these hypotheses: the 1982-1983 delta at the San Lorenzo River mouth and the 2005 delta at the Santa Clara River mouth. Flood sedimentation at both deltas resulted in several meters of aggradation and hundreds of meters of offshore displacement of isobaths. One substantial difference between these deltas was the thick (>2 m) aggradation of sand on the inner shelf of the Santa Clara River delta that contained substantial amounts (similar to 50%) of littoral-grade sediment. Once deposited on the inner shelf, only a fraction (similar to 20%) of this river sand was observed to migrate toward the beach over the following 5 yr. Furthermore, simple hypopycnal plume behavior could not explain deposition of this sand on the inner shelf. Thus, during an exceptional flood a substantial amount of littoral-grade sand was exported offshore of the littoral system at the Santa Clara River mouth-likely from hyperpycnal plume processes-and was deposited on the inner shelf. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON); California Department of Boating and Waterways; United States Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON), the California Department of Boating and Waterways, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Reviews of this paper were provided by Andrew Stevens, Guy Gelfenbaum, John Milliman, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 40 IS 9 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1130/G33115.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 994GV UT WOS:000307919800005 ER PT J AU Holness, MB Richardson, C Helz, RT AF Holness, Marian B. Richardson, Chris Helz, Rosalind T. TI Disequilibrium dihedral angles in dolerite sills: A new proxy for cooling rate SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKAERGAARD INTRUSION; TEXTURAL RECORD; EAST GREENLAND; CRYSTALLIZATION; SOLIDIFICATION; PLAGIOCLASE; ANTARCTICA AB The geometry of clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions in mafic rocks, measured by the median dihedral angle Theta(cpp), is created during solidification. In the solidifying Kilauea Iki (Hawaii) lava lake, the wider junctions between plagioclase grains are the first to be filled by pyroxene, followed by the narrower junctions. The final Theta(cpp), attained when all clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions are formed, is 78 degrees in the upper crust of the lake, and 85 degrees in the lower solidification front. Theta(cpp) in the 3.5-m-thick Traigh Bhan na Sgurra sill (Inner Hebrides) is everywhere 78 degrees. In the Whin Sill (northern England, 38 m thick) and the Portal Peak sill (Antarctica, 129 m thick), Theta(cpp) varies symmetrically, with the lowest values at the margins. The 266-m-thick Basement Sill (Antarctica) has asymmetric variation of Theta(cpp), attributed to a complex filling history. The chilled margins of the Basement Sill are partially texturally equilibrated, with high Theta(cpp). The plagioclase grain size in the two widest sills varies asymmetrically, with the coarsest rocks found in the upper third. Both Theta(cpp) and average grain size are functions of model crystallization times. Theta(cpp) increases from 78 degrees to a maximum of similar to 100 degrees as the crystallization time increases from 1 to 500 yr. Because the use of grain size as a measure of crystallization time is dependent on an estimate of crystal growth rates, dihedral angles provide a more direct proxy for cooling rates in dolerites. C1 [Holness, Marian B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Richardson, Chris] Univ Cambridge, BP Inst, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, England. [Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Holness, MB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F020325/1] FX We are grateful to A. Charrier, J. Hergt, M. Howe, G. Lister, B. Marsh, and C. Wheatley for the loan of material. We thank R. Vernon, K. Cashman, and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions that led to improvements of an earlier version of the manuscript. Hotness was supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant NE/F020325/1. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 40 IS 9 BP 795 EP 798 DI 10.1130/G33119.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 994GV UT WOS:000307919800007 ER PT J AU Carbone, D Poland, MP AF Carbone, Daniele Poland, Michael P. TI Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION; COMPONENTS; TRANSFORM; MECHANISM; TREMOR AB Convection in magma chambers is thought to play a key role in the activity of persistently active volcanoes, but has only been inferred indirectly from geochemical observations or simulated numerically. Continuous microgravity measurements, which track changes in subsurface mass distribution over time, provide a potential method for characterizing convection in magma reservoirs. We recorded gravity oscillations with a period of similar to 150 s at two continuous gravity stations at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i. The oscillations are not related to inertial accelerations caused by seismic activity, but instead indicate variations in subsurface mass. Source modeling suggests that the oscillations are caused by density inversions in a magma reservoir located similar to 1 km beneath the east margin of Halema'uma'u Crater in Kilauea Caldera-a location of known magma storage. C1 [Carbone, Daniele] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Osservatorio Etneo, Sez Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Carbone, D (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Osservatorio Etneo, Sez Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM carbone@ct.ingv.it; mpoland@usgs.gov RI Carbone, Daniele/H-7649-2014; OI Carbone, Daniele/0000-0003-2566-6290; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU NASA New Investigator Program via the University of Hawai'i; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX P. Okubo provided assistance with seismic data. G. Saccorotti and H. Gonnermann provided constructive feedback. Funding for the UWEV-G gravimeter was provided by a NASA New Investigator Program grant to Poland via the University of Hawai'i, and for the HOVL-G gravimeter by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. We are grateful for reviews from J. Gottsmann, J. Kauahikaua, D. McPhee and an anonymous referee. Thanks are due to the editor, P. Cowie, for useful suggestions. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2012 VL 40 IS 9 BP 803 EP 806 DI 10.1130/G33060.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 994GV UT WOS:000307919800009 ER PT J AU Kiemnec-Tyburczy, KM Richmond, JQ Savage, AE Lips, KR Zamudio, KR AF Kiemnec-Tyburczy, K. M. Richmond, J. Q. Savage, A. E. Lips, K. R. Zamudio, K. R. TI Genetic diversity of MHC class I loci in six non-model frogs is shaped by positive selection and gene duplication SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE anura; immunogenetics; major histocompatibility complex; molecular evolution ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AMPHIBIAN XENOPUS; TRANSSPECIES POLYMORPHISM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATURAL-SELECTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BALANCING SELECTION; RANA-TEMPORARIA AB Comparative studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes across vertebrate species can reveal the evolutionary processes that shape the structure and function of immune regulatory proteins. In this study, we characterized MHC class I sequences from six frog species representing three anuran families (Hylidae, Centrolenidae and Ranidae). Using cDNA from our focal species, we amplified a total of 79 unique sequences spanning exons 2-4 that encode the extracellular domains of the functional alpha chain protein. We compared intra- and interspecific nucleotide and amino-acid divergence, tested for recombination, and identified codon sites under selection by estimating the rate of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions with multiple codon-based maximum likelihood methods. We determined that positive (diversifying) selection was acting on specific amino-acid sites located within the domains that bind pathogen-derived peptides. We also found significant signals of recombination across the physical distance of the genes. Finally, we determined that all the six species expressed two or three putative classical class I loci, in contrast to the single locus condition of Xenopus laevis. Our results suggest that MHC evolution in anurans is a dynamic process and that variation in numbers of loci and genetic diversity can exist among taxa. Thus, the accumulation of genetic data for more species will be useful in further characterizing the relative importance of processes such as selection, recombination and gene duplication in shaping MHC loci among amphibian lineages. Heredity (2012) 109, 146-155; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.22; published online 2 May 2012 C1 [Kiemnec-Tyburczy, K. M.; Savage, A. E.; Zamudio, K. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Richmond, J. Q.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Lips, K. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kiemnec-Tyburczy, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kmk255@cornell.edu RI Savage, Anna/D-8296-2015; Zamudio, Kelly/R-3533-2016; OI Savage, Anna/0000-0002-4917-8358; Zamudio, Kelly/0000-0001-5107-6206; Lips, Karen/0000-0002-2719-1551 FU Cornell University ADVANCE Research Initiation Grant, National Science Foundation [DEB-0815315, DEB-0717741]; Biogeochemistry & Biocomplexity Initiative at Cornell University FX We thank Daniel Wilson, Gil McVean, Jose Andres, Adam Richman and Rayna Bell for helpful discussions about analytical methods, and Martin Flajnik for advice on MFIC evolution. Steve Bogdanowicz and Jose Andres provided guidance with molecular techniques. James Austin, Joseph Mendelson III, Jeanne Robertson and Bunk Moreland graciously contributed samples to this study. Cora Johnston, Stephanie Wein and Rebecca McCaffery provided assistance with specimen collection. We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute staff for assistance with permits. Funding for this study was provided by the Cornell University ADVANCE Research Initiation Grant, National Science Foundation Grants (DEB-0815315 and DEB-0717741), and the Biogeochemistry & Biocomplexity Initiative at Cornell University. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1038/hdy.2012.22 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 993NN UT WOS:000307866500003 PM 22549517 ER PT J AU Peron, G Nicolai, CA Koons, DN AF Peron, Guillaume Nicolai, Christopher A. Koons, David N. TI Demographic response to perturbations: the role of compensatory density dependence in a North American duck under variable harvest regulations and changing habitat SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additivity; capture-mark-recapture; capture-recovery; compensation; disturbance; integrated population models; Leslie matrix; sensitivity; Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL; RATES; DISPERSAL; MALLARDS AB 1. Most wild animal populations are subjected to many perturbations, including environmental forcing and anthropogenic mortality. How population size varies in response to these perturbations largely depends on life-history strategy and density regulation. 2. Using the mid-continent population of redhead Aythya americana (a North American diving duck), we investigated the population response to two major perturbations, changes in breeding habitat availability (number of ponds in the study landscape) and changes in harvest regulations directed at managing mortality patterns (bag limit). We used three types of data collected at the continental scale (capturerecovery, population surveys and age- and sex ratios in the harvest) and combined them into integrated population models to assess the interaction between density dependence and the effect of perturbations. 3. We observed a two-way interaction between the effects on fecundity of pond number and population density. Hatch-year female survival was also density dependent. Matrix modelling showed that population booms could occur after especially wet years. However, the effect of moderate variation in pond number was generally offset by density dependence the following year. 4. Mortality patterns were insensitive to changes in harvest regulations and, in males at least, insensitive to density dependence as well. We discuss potential mechanisms for compensation of hunting mortality as well as possible confounding factors. 5. Our results illustrate the interplay of density dependence and environmental variation both shaping population dynamics in a harvested species, which could be generalized to help guide the dual management of habitat and harvest regulations. C1 [Peron, Guillaume; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 FU Quinney post-doctoral fellowship FX G.P. was supported by a Quinney post-doctoral fellowship. We are grateful to Todd W. Arnold and James D. Nichols for comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 81 IS 5 BP 960 EP 969 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01980.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 986LM UT WOS:000307343100004 PM 22433018 ER PT J AU Stewart, PM Bhattarai, S Mullen, MW Metcalf, CK Reategui-Zirena, EG AF Stewart, Paul M. Bhattarai, Sameer Mullen, Michael W. Metcalf, Christopher K. Reategui-Zirena, Evelyn G. TI Characterization of large wood and its relationship to pool formation and macroinvertebrate metrics in southeastern coastal plain streams, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE large wood; macroinvertebrate metrics; land use; pool formation; southeastern USA ID WESTERN OREGON STREAMS; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; FISH HABITAT; DEBRIS DAMS; FOREST; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; WASHINGTON; LOWLAND; BASINS AB Large wood has important structural and functional roles in streams but there is little information on large wood dynamics in the southeastern coastal plains, USA. In this study, we surveyed 35 streams in the Choctawhatchee River watershed of southeastern Alabama. These streams were broadly classified into three categories based on land use: urban, forest, and mixed (agriculture plus forest). The number, volume, and functions of large wood were quantified. Pool number, pool spacing, and drainage areas of each stream were measured along with assessment of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Large wood number and volume plus pool number and spacing were used to examine the relationship among large wood characteristics and functions, pool characteristics, drainage area, and attributes of macroinvertebrate assemblages including species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'), number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) species, and the Invertebrate Community Index (ICI a multimetric index that reflects biological integrity of streams). There were significant differences in large wood number and volume among the three different stream categories, with highest large wood number and volume in forest streams. More pools and storage sites for sediment and organic matter were found in forest streams than urban and mixed streams. Large wood appeared to be positively related to macroinvertebrate assemblages, as species richness, H', EPT, and ICI were generally higher in forest streams as compared to those of urban and mixed streams. The outcome of this study suggests that large wood contributes to the physical and biological complexity of streams in the southeastern coastal plain streams of the USA. C1 [Stewart, Paul M.; Bhattarai, Sameer; Reategui-Zirena, Evelyn G.] Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. [Mullen, Michael W.] Choctawhatchee Riverkeeper Inc, Banks, AL 36005 USA. [Metcalf, Christopher K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Stewart, PM (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. EM mstewart@troy.edu NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 27 IS 3 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.679322 PG 15 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 996RH UT WOS:000308110600004 ER PT J AU Liu, RS Gourley, SA DeAngelis, DL Bryant, JP AF Liu, Rongsong Gourley, Stephen A. DeAngelis, Donald L. Bryant, John P. TI Modeling the dynamics of woody plant-herbivore interactions with age-dependent toxicity SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant-herbivore interactions; Woody plants; Plant chemical defense; Boreal ecosystem; Functional response; Age-structured model; Delay-differential equations; Time lag; Oscillations ID SNOWSHOE HARES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; POPULATION-CYCLES; NPK FERTILIZATION; BOREAL FOREST; BETULA; WINTER; MAMMALS; VERTEBRATES; VEGETATION AB In this paper we study the effects that woody plant chemical defenses may have on interactions between boreal hares that in winter feed almost entirely on twigs. We focus particularly on the fact that toxin concentration often varies with the age of twig segments. The model incorporates the fact that the woody internodes of the youngest segments of the twigs of the deciduous angiosperm species that these hares prefer to eat are more defended by toxins than the woody internodes of the older segments that subtend and support the younger segments. Thus, the per capita daily intake of the biomass of the older segments of twigs by hares is much higher than their intake of the biomass of the younger segments of twigs. This age-dependent toxicity of twig segments is modeled using age-structured model equations which are reduced to a system of delay differential equations involving multiple delays in the woody plant-hare dynamics. A novel aspect of the modeling was that it had to account for mortality of non-consumed younger twig segment biomass when older twig biomass was bitten off and consumed. Basic mathematical properties of the model are established together with upper and lower bounds on the solutions. Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the linear stability of the equilibrium in which the hare is extinct, and sufficient conditions are found for the global stability of this equilibrium. Numerical simulations confirmed the analytical results and demonstrated the existence of limit cycles over ranges of parameters reasonable for hares browsing on woody vegetation in boreal ecosystems. This showed that age dependence in plant chemical defenses has the capacity to cause hare-plant population cycles, a new result. C1 [Gourley, Stephen A.] Univ Surrey, Dept Math, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gourley, SA (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Math, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM s.gourley@surrey.ac.uk NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 65 IS 3 BP 521 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s00285-011-0470-0 PG 32 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 992YA UT WOS:000307815900005 PM 21984335 ER PT J AU Reilly, TJ Smalling, KL Orlando, JL Kuivila, KM AF Reilly, Timothy J. Smalling, Kelly L. Orlando, James L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Occurrence of boscalid and other selected fungicides in surface water and groundwater in three targeted use areas in the United States SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Fungicides; Boscalid; Azoxystrobin; Surface water; Groundwater ID PESTICIDES; AZOXYSTROBIN; STREAMS; CHLOROTHALONIL; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; HERBICIDES; PISTACHIO; RUNOFF AB To provide an assessment of the occurrence of fungicides in water resources, the US Geological Survey used a newly developed analytical method to measure 33 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in water samples from streams, ponds, and shallow groundwater in areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within farms using prophylactic fungicides at rates and types typical of their geographic location. At least one fungicide was detected in 75% of the surface waters and 58% of the groundwater wells sampled. Twelve fungicides were detected including boscalid (72%), azoxystrobin (51%), pyraclostrobin (40%), chlorothalonil (38%) and pyrimethanil (28%). Boscalid, a carboxamide fungicide registered for use in the US in 2003, was detected more frequently than atrazine and metolachlor, two herbicides that are typically the most frequently occurring pesticides in many large-scale water quality studies. Fungicide concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit to approximately 2000 ng L-1. Currently, limited toxicological data for non-target species exists and the environmental impacts are largely unknown. The results of this study indicate the importance of including fungicides in pesticide monitoring programs, particularly in areas where crops are grown that require frequent treatments to prevent fungal diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Smalling, Kelly L.; Orlando, James L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Reilly, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Suite 206, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM tjreilly@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU United States Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The managers of the source of funding did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 42 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2012 VL 89 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.023 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991DL UT WOS:000307681600004 PM 22564453 ER PT J AU Ryberg, T Hole, JA Fuis, GS Rymer, MJ Bleibinhaus, F Stromeyer, D Bauer, K AF Ryberg, T. Hole, J. A. Fuis, G. S. Rymer, M. J. Bleibinhaus, F. Stromeyer, D. Bauer, K. TI Tomographic Vp and Vs structure of the California Central Coast Ranges, in the vicinity of SAFOD, from controlled-source seismic data SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Controlled source seismology; Body waves; Seismic tomography; Transform faults; Continental margins: transform; North America ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DEAD-SEA TRANSFORM; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; S-WAVE; ZONE; ROCKS; PARKFIELD; EARTHQUAKE; LITHOLOGY AB A seismic reflection/refraction survey across the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California, has refined our knowledge of the upper crustal structure of the central California Coast Ranges at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The survey consisted of a 46-km-long line of seismographs (2550 m spacing) and 63 explosions (25200 kg; nominal spacing of 500 m, with some gaps). The traveltimes of refracted P and S waves from the explosions constitute independent data sets of relatively high quality that were inverted to produce P- and S-wave velocity models (Vp, Vs) along the profile, extending to as much as 5 km depth. The Vp and Vs models show a prominent lateral drop in velocities a few hundred metres northeast of SAFOD, between the drill hole and the San Andreas fault. The Vp model shows particularly well a southwest-dipping velocity inversion beneath SAFOD, the top of which correlates with a fault penetrated by the drill hole that separates granitic rocks above from sedimentary rocks below. In addition to Vp and Vs models, a Vp/Vs model was derived. A Vp/Vs ratio lower than 1.73 is seen only at depth, in a narrow zone beginning at the target earthquakes for SAFOD and extending downward and northeastward into the North America Plate. Clusters in the parameter space spanned by Vp/Vs ratios and Vp can be identified by two different methods, one more intuitive analytical method and one more abstract method based on neural network techniques. These clusters are correlated to different rock types, based on laboratory and in situ data. These clusters are remapped back into xz plane along the profile. Prominent features mapped this way include Salinian granitic rocks beneath and west of SAFOD, and a body of sedimentary rocks faulted beneath these granitic rocks along what we and others interpret to be a branch of the Buzzard Canyon Fault (BCF) system. These sedimentary rocks extend from this fault to the San Andreas fault system. Unfortunately, our cluster analysis shows no significant discontinuity at the San Andreas fault, owing presumably to the fact that the San Andreas fault is located within sedimentary rocks having similar elastic properties. This paper is an attempt to downward continue a geological map by geophysical means based on elastic properties of rock samples from the region. C1 [Ryberg, T.; Stromeyer, D.; Bauer, K.] Deutsch GeoForsch Zentrum GFZ, Helmholz Zentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Hole, J. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fuis, G. S.; Rymer, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bleibinhaus, F.] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. RP Ryberg, T (reprint author), Deutsch GeoForsch Zentrum GFZ, Helmholz Zentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM trond@gfz-potsdam.de RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; Bauer, Klaus/B-3325-2014; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Bauer, Klaus/0000-0002-7777-2653; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544; Hole, John/0000-0002-5349-9111 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NSF; USGS; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) FX The authors would like to thank Tom Brocher, Jeanne Hardebeck and the two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the paper. Without the kind cooperation of landowners in the Parkfield region, this project could not have been accomplished. The project was financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), NSF, USGS and the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ). Figures were prepared using the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT) (Wessel & Smith 1995, 1998). NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 190 IS 3 BP 1341 EP 1360 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05585.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989OY UT WOS:000307571100005 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Console, R Falcone, G Murru, M Yamashina, K AF Parsons, Tom Console, Rodolfo Falcone, Giuseppe Murru, Maura Yamashina, Ken'ichiro TI Comparison of characteristic and Gutenberg-Richter models for time-dependent M=7.9 earthquake probability in the Nankai-Tokai subduction zone, Japan SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Spatial analysis; Probability distributions; Seismic cycle; Earthquake interaction; forecasting; and prediction; Statistical seismology ID SEISMIC GAP HYPOTHESIS; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; PACIFIC COAST; B-VALUE; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; STRESS; TROUGH AB Earthquake forecasts are usually underinformed, and can be plagued by uncertainty in terms of the most appropriate model, and parameter values used in that model. In this paper, we explore the application of two different models to the same seismogenic area. The first is a renewal model based on the characteristic earthquake hypothesis that uses historical/palaeoseismic recurrence times, and fixed rupture geometries. The hazard rate is modified by the Coulomb static stress change caused by nearby earthquakes that occurred since the latest characteristic earthquake. The second model is a very simple earthquake simulator based on plate-motion, or fault-slip rates and adoption of a GutenbergRichter magnitudefrequency distribution. This information is commonly available even if historical and palaeoseismic recurrence data are lacking. The intention is to develop and assess a simulator that has a very limited parameter set that could be used to calculate earthquake rates in settings that are not as rich with observations of large-earthquake recurrence behaviour as the Nankai trough. We find that the use of convergence rate as a primary constraint allows the simulator to replicate much of the spatial distribution of observed segmented rupture rates along the Nankai, Tonankai and Tokai subduction zones. Although we note rate differences between the two forecast methods in the Tokai zone, we also see enough similarities between simulations and observations to suggest that very simple earthquake rupture simulations based on empirical data and fundamental earthquake laws could be useful forecast tools in information-poor settings. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Console, Rodolfo; Falcone, Giuseppe; Murru, Maura] INGV, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Yamashina, Ken'ichiro] Univ Tokyo, ERI, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM maura.murru@ingv.it OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 190 IS 3 BP 1673 EP 1688 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05595.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989OY UT WOS:000307571100028 ER PT J AU Pesicek, JD Sileny, J Prejean, SG Thurber, CH AF Pesicek, J. D. Sileny, J. Prejean, S. G. Thurber, C. H. TI Determination and uncertainty of moment tensors for microearthquakes at Okmok Volcano, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Earthquake source observations; Volcano seismology; Body waves ID DOUBLE-COUPLE EARTHQUAKES; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; SOULTZ-SOUS-FORETS; SOURCE MECHANISMS; AMPLITUDE RATIOS; FOCAL MECHANISMS; HDR SITE; RESOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; RETRIEVAL AB Efforts to determine general moment tensors (MTs) for microearthquakes in volcanic areas are often hampered by small seismic networks, which can lead to poorly constrained hypocentres and inadequate modelling of seismic velocity heterogeneity. In addition, noisy seismic signals can make it difficult to identify phase arrivals correctly for small magnitude events. However, small volcanic earthquakes can have source mechanisms that deviate from brittle double-couple shear failure due to magmatic and/or hydrothermal processes. Thus, determining reliable MTs in such conditions is a challenging but potentially rewarding pursuit. We pursued such a goal at Okmok Volcano, Alaska, which erupted recently in 1997 and in 2008. The Alaska Volcano Observatory operates a seismic network of 12 stations at Okmok and routinely catalogues recorded seismicity. Using these data, we have determined general MTs for seven microearthquakes recorded between 2004 and 2007 by inverting peak amplitude measurements of P and S phases. We computed Green's functions using precisely relocated hypocentres and a 3-D velocity model. We thoroughly assessed the quality of the solutions by computing formal uncertainty estimates, conducting a variety of synthetic and sensitivity tests, and by comparing the MTs to solutions obtained using alternative methods. The results show that MTs are sensitive to station distribution and errors in the data, velocity model and hypocentral parameters. Although each of the seven MTs contains a significant non-shear component, we judge several of the solutions to be unreliable. However, several reliable MTs are obtained for a group of previously identified repeating events, and are interpreted as compensated linear-vector dipole events. C1 [Pesicek, J. D.; Thurber, C. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sileny, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, CR-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Prejean, S. G.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pesicek, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pesicek@geology.wisc.edu RI Sileny, Jan/H-6388-2014 OI Sileny, Jan/0000-0001-7840-7677 FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program under American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; United States Geological Survey [G10AC00018]; Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic [P210/12/2235] FX We thank Doug Dreger and an anonymous reviewer for critical reviews. We also thank David Shelly for useful comments on a previous version of the manuscript and Robert Herrmann, Petr Bulant, Ludek Klimes, Emily Montgomery-Brown, Ninfa Bennington and Kurt Feigl for technical assistance with various aspects of the work. We thank Summer Ohlendorf for access to the Okmok relocations and velocity model and Bruce Julian for the Hudson source plot routines. Many figures were made using the GMT package (Wessel & Smith 1998). This study is based upon work supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, United States Geological Survey Award Number G10AC00018 and by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Project No. P210/12/2235. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 190 IS 3 BP 1689 EP 1709 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05574.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989OY UT WOS:000307571100029 ER PT J AU Shaw, SB Eckhardt, DAV AF Shaw, Stephen B. Eckhardt, David A. V. TI AN ASSESSMENT OF RADON IN GROUNDWATER IN NEW YORK STATE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geology; groundwater; Rn-222; water AB A set of 317 samples collected from wells throughout New York State (excluding Long Island) from 2003 through 2008 was used to assess the distribution of radon gas in drinking water. Previous studies have documented high concentrations of radon in groundwater from granitic and metamorphic bedrock, but there have been only limited characterizations of radon in water from sedimentary rock and unconsolidated sand-and-gravel deposits in New York. Approximately 8% of the samples from bedrock wells exceed 89 Bq L-1 (eight times the proposed regulatory limit), but only 2% of samples from sand-and-gravel wells exceed 44 Bq L-1. Specific metamorphic and sedimentary rock formations in New York are associated with the high radon concentrations, indicating that specific areas of New York could be targeted with efforts to reduce the risk of exposure to radon in groundwater. Additionally, radon in groundwater from the sand-and-gravel aquifers was found to be directly correlated to radon in indoor air when assessed by county. Health Phys. 103(3):311-316; 2012 C1 [Shaw, Stephen B.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Eckhardt, David A. V.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Shaw, SB (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources Engn, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM sbshaw@esf.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 103 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dadbe PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988BY UT WOS:000307464400011 PM 22850237 ER PT J AU Conway, M Nadeau, CP Conway, CJ AF Conway, Meaghan Nadeau, Christopher P. Conway, Courtney J. TI Intraspecific variation in reproductive traits of burrowing owls SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; Burrowing owl; Clutch size; Hatching asynchrony; Laying chronology; Onset of incubation ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; CLUTCH SIZE; SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; NEST PREDATION; EGG VIABILITY; INCUBATION; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR AB Reviews of hatching asynchrony in birds recommended more studies on intraspecific variation in the extent of hatching asynchrony. We examined intraspecific variation in clutch size, laying chronology, onset of incubation, incubation period, and hatching asynchrony in burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in the Imperial Valley of California. Mean clutch size was 7.4 eggs and owls averaged 0.5 eggs laid per day. Females varied considerably in laying interval and onset of incubation (range = 1st to 9th egg in the clutch). The mean incubation period was 21.9 days. Hatching interval also varied greatly among females ( = 0.8, range 0.1-2.0 days between successively hatched eggs). Past burrowing owl studies have largely overlooked the substantial intraspecific variation in these traits or have reported estimates that differ from ours. Future studies designed to identify the environmental factors that explain the large intraspecific variation in these traits will likely provide insights into the constraints on local abundance. C1 [Conway, Meaghan; Nadeau, Christopher P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Conway, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 325 BioSci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Mconway1@email.arizona.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 30 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10164-012-0337-x PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 992EQ UT WOS:000307758800008 ER PT J AU Langbein, J AF Langbein, John TI Estimating rate uncertainty with maximum likelihood: differences between power-law and flicker-random-walk models SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Rate; Uncertainty; Bias; Least squares ID GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; SURFACE MONUMENTS; DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENT; MOTION; NOISE AB Recent studies have documented that global positioning system (GPS) time series of position estimates have temporal correlations which have been modeled as a combination of power-law and white noise processes. When estimating quantities such as a constant rate from GPS time series data, the estimated uncertainties on these quantities are more realistic when using a noise model that includes temporal correlations than simply assuming temporally uncorrelated noise. However, the choice of the specific representation of correlated noise can affect the estimate of uncertainty. For many GPS time series, the background noise can be represented by either: (1) a sum of flicker and random-walk noise or, (2) as a power-law noise model that represents an average of the flicker and random-walk noise. For instance, if the underlying noise model is a combination of flicker and random-walk noise, then incorrectly choosing the power-law model could underestimate the rate uncertainty by a factor of two. Distinguishing between the two alternate noise models is difficult since the flicker component can dominate the assessment of the noise properties because it is spread over a significant portion of the measurable frequency band. But, although not necessarily detectable, the random-walk component can be a major constituent of the estimated rate uncertainty. None the less, it is possible to determine the upper bound on the random-walk noise. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM langbein@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD SEP PY 2012 VL 86 IS 9 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s00190-012-0556-5 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 989JT UT WOS:000307556800007 ER PT J AU Dixon, MD AF Dixon, Michael D. TI Relationship between land cover and insectivorous bat activity in an urban landscape SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION CALLS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; HABITATS; FOREST; PATTERNS; ROOSTS; SCALE; FRAGMENTATION AB Despite the clear importance of conserving biodiversity in urbanized areas, research on how bats are influenced by urbanization has is only recently catching up to the more established body of research for urban birds. Much of the extant research has been limited to urban parks and other natural areas. Here I present the results of an acoustic survey of bats throughout the agricultural/forest/suburban/urban mosaic of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Activity indices by each of the six recorded species (Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Myotis sp., and Perimyotis subflavus) were used as response variables with land cover variables in a series of statistical models. Because bats may perceive the landscape at different scales, candidate models included land cover variables within 100, 500 and 1,000 m of the sampling location. Activity of L. noctivagans was negatively related to the amount of impervious surface and open habitat in the immediate landscape. L. borealis activity was positively correlated with immediate tree cover and with impervious surface at the 1,000 m scale. Tree cover and proximity to water were positively related to activity levels of Myotis sp., L. cinereus and P. subflavus, but only the latter was influenced by the amount of surrounding impervious surface. These results suggest that a one-size fits all approach to bat conservation in human modified landscapes is not appropriate, but also that certain species appear to do well in urban environments provided that there is sufficient tree cover. RP Dixon, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuge Planning, Reg 6,134 Union Blvd, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM michael_d_dixon@fws.gov NR 60 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 108 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 683 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s11252-011-0219-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 991SQ UT WOS:000307722300012 ER PT J AU Ricca, MA Weckerly, FW Duarte, A Williams, JC AF Ricca, Mark A. Weckerly, Floyd W. Duarte, Adam Williams, Jeffrey C. TI Range expansion of nonindigenous caribou in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Immigration; Emigration; Invasive; Ocean crossing; Reindeer; Swim ID INVADERS; ISLANDS AB Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are nonindigenous to all but the eastern-most island of the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska. In 1958-1959, caribou were intentionally introduced to Adak Island in the central archipelago, and the population has at least tripled in recent years subsequent to the closure of a naval air facility. Although dispersal of caribou to adjacent islands has been suspected, no historical documentation has occurred to date. Herein, we report consistent detections of caribou sign on the adjacent island of Kagalaska over 2 summer field seasons (2010-2011), and visual detection of caribou on that island during the summer of 2011. Ecological impacts of caribou on Kagalaska are not strongly apparent at the present time and we do not know how many animals permanently occupy the island. However, establishment of a reproductively viable resident population on Kagalaska is worrisome and could set the stage for a step-wise invasion of additional nearby islands. C1 [Ricca, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ricca, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weckerly, Floyd W.; Duarte, Adam] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Williams, Jeffrey C.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Ricca, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mark_ricca@usgs.gov FU USFWS-Invasives with Volunteers Program FX This study was funded by the USFWS-Invasives with Volunteers Program (D. Jerry), with in-kind support from the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. Biologists with the USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife provided invaluable logistical support and expert knowledge, especially L. Spitler and S. Ebbert. We thank K. Ramey for outstanding field work in 2010, and J. Estes and T. Tinker for granting use of their Boston Whaler. Discussions with D. van Vuren were particularly helpful. We thank K. Miles, and two anonymous referees for helpful reviews on previous manuscript drafts. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1779 EP 1784 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0195-z PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987EY UT WOS:000307400500002 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JR Baxter, CV AF Benjamin, Joseph R. Baxter, Colden V. TI Is a trout a trout? A range-wide comparison shows nonnative brook trout exhibit greater density, biomass, and production than native inland cutthroat trout SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Trout; Secondary production; Replacement; Salvelinus fontinalis; Oncorhynchus clarkii ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; PLANT INVASIONS; LIFE-HISTORIES; PREY SUBSIDIES; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL STREAMS; SALMO-CLARKI; IDAHO AB Frequently nonnative species invade habitats occupied by a similar, even closely related, species, and it is often assumed that the two have functionally redundant ecological roles. However, the consequences of these types of invasions are rarely studied. Eastern brook trout are the most widely distributed and abundant nonnative fish throughout western North America and are assumed to be analogous in terms of ecological function to the native cutthroat trout they replace. However, based on results of previous studies conducted on a few streams, we hypothesized that the two species differ ecologically, and we predicted that brook trout would exhibit greater density, biomass, and annual production than cutthroat trout at the onset of invasion (i.e., in sympatry) and once replacement has occurred (i.e., in allopatry). We compiled data sets (sympatry: n = 169; allopatry: n = 687) from across the historical range of inland cutthroat trout and made comparisons for all sites combined (western scale) and among regions. In sympatry, at the western scale we observed that brook trout exhibited 3.1 times greater density and 2.5 times greater biomass than cutthroat trout, but no difference in production. In allopatry, density and biomass were 1.5 times greater and annual production 1.9 times higher for brook trout than cutthroat trout. Results of comparisons by region were similar, though more variable. In addition, we found that trout density and biomass were correlated with landscape features such as elevation and gradient, but such watershed variables did not account for the differences we observed between the trout species. These results suggest a general pattern of greater density, biomass, and production when brook trout invade and replace cutthroat trout, and highlight the need for more studies that elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this pattern and that investigate the broader consequences of a nonnative species replacing a closely related (and often presumed to be similar) native species. C1 [Benjamin, Joseph R.; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Stream Ecol Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Benjamin, JR (reprint author), USGS, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbenjamin@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0516136, EPS-0447689, EPS-08-14387] FX We thank P. Budy, J. Capurso, P. Chase, J. Dunham, K. Fausch, R. Gipson, D. Horan, A. Jenne, C. Kennedy, S. Kujala, T. Lamansky, K. Meyer, B. Rieman, H. Vermillion, and M. Young for generously allowing us to use data they collected. Statistical consultation was provided by T. Peterson. C. Torgersen assisted with analysis and interpretation of spatial autocorrelation. K. Fausch and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0516136, EPS-0447689 and EPS-08-14387). NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1865 EP 1879 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0198-9 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987EY UT WOS:000307400500010 ER PT J AU Klima, K Travis, SE AF Klima, Karen Travis, Steven E. TI Genetic population structure of invasive nutria (Myocastor coypus) in Louisiana, USA: is it sufficient for the development of eradication units? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Coastal wetland loss; Eradication units; Founder effect; Microsatellites; Myocastor coypus; Population structure ID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS; EVOLUTION; BOTTLENECKS; SIMULATION; DISPERSAL; SOFTWARE; PATTERNS; MARKERS; TESTS; LOCI AB The effective control of invasive mammals, because of their potentially high dispersive capacity, demands an understanding of spatial patterns of gene flow leading to the designation of population units for systematic eradication. Nutria, or coypu (Myocastor coypus), are large, semi-aquatic rodents, originally exported from their native South America for the value of their fur, and are now considered pests on many continents due to overgrazing of wetlands. This study was aimed at assessing the potential for establishing eradication units for the control of nutria in a severely impacted region of the US, southern Louisiana, using nine microsatellite loci, and systematic sampling from each of eight major watershed basins. Unexpectedly high levels of genetic diversity were revealed in comparison to native populations both in terms of numbers of alleles and observed heterozygosities, suggesting that multiple source populations may have originally contributed to the establishment of the Louisiana fur trade, which have subsequently become intermingled. Genetic differentiation among watersheds was nearly undetectable, as evidenced by a very small, albeit significant overall F (ST) value of 0.0059. Interestingly, one of the Bayesian clustering algorithms used in this study identified 11 populations that may represent a fading remnant of the original source populations, although these clusters were not supported by a coherent pattern of geography. Unfortunately, these findings suggest that neither the establishment of locally manageable eradication units, nor the development of biological control agents known for their close association with a single source population will be effective in the control of Louisiana nutria. C1 [Klima, Karen] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Travis, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Biol, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM stravis@une.edu FU National Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors thank S. Merino for field assistance, J. Carter for assisting with the coordination of tissue sampling activities, B. Kubatova for technical assistance, and P. Leberg and D. Johnson for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Tissue samples and accompanying spatial information were obtained with the cooperation of Coastal Environments, Inc. Funding was provided by the National Invasive Species Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0201-5 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987EY UT WOS:000307400500013 ER PT J AU Lapointe, NWR Thorson, JT Angermeier, PL AF Lapointe, Nicolas W. R. Thorson, James T. Angermeier, Paul L. TI Relative roles of natural and anthropogenic drivers of watershed invasibility in riverine ecosystems SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; Nonnative fish; Ecosystem invasibility; Freshwater ecosystem; Colonization pressure; Research effort; Introduced species ID SPECIES RICHNESS; INVASION ECOLOGY; FISH INVASIONS; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA; INTRODUCTIONS; HYPOTHESES AB Observational studies of patterns of species invasions provide important insights into invasion processes at large spatial scales, leading to improved and focused efforts to prevent invasions. Nonnative species richness (NNSR), a common measure of ecosystem invasibility, varies widely among systems and is regulated by human activity and ecosystem characteristics such as habitat heterogeneity and climate. Patterns of NNSR may be confounded by variation in research effort, defined as the effort made to identify and catalogue invasions, and colonization pressure, defined as the number of species introduced. To explain spatial variation in ecosystem invasibility by fishes in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, we explored relationships among watershed characteristics, colonization pressure, research effort, and NNSR. Colonization pressure, research effort, and range in elevation were most predictive of differences in NNSR among river basins. Montane watersheds had greater NNSR, probably because of greater habitat heterogeneity due in part to human activity; widespread impoundments here created novel lentic habitats, while lotic environments were maintained elsewhere in these watersheds. Our results illustrate the importance of examining invasion patterns of specific taxa, within regions delineated by ecologically relevant criteria. Fish invasions in the Mid-Atlantic region seem to be regulated by different factors than in other regions of North America, demonstrating that invasive species management plans need to account for geographic variation among ecosystems. In the Mid-Atlantic region, reduction of novel, artificial environmental conditions (e.g., impoundments) in montane watersheds may reduce the invasibility of these ecosystems by generalist fish invaders. C1 [Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.; Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Thorson, James T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lapointe, NWR (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM nlapointe@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Washington; NMFS; National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship [NA09OAR4170120] FX We thank Rich Pendleton and Tye Deweber for help with data compilation. Many others provided help and advice, including Scott Klopfer and Michael Marchetti. We thank Amy Benson (USGS) for providing NASD data. Theo Light inspired us to explore the importance of research effort as a determinant of landscape-scale patterns of NNSR. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Walter Courtenay, Jr., Andrew Dolloff, Emili Garcia-Berthou, Theo Light, Brian Murphy, Andre Punt, and anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Virginia Tech, a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species, and a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada post-graduate fellowship. Partial funding for JTT came from the University of Washington, a NMFS groundfish project grant to the University of Washington, and a National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NA09OAR4170120). Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1931 EP 1945 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0204-2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987EY UT WOS:000307400500015 ER PT J AU Hitt, N Hendryx, M Amin, R Schull, M AF Hitt, N. Hendryx, M. Amin, R. Schull, M. TI Ecological Indicators of Human Cancer Mortality Rates: New Tools for Exposure and Risk Modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society (EMS) CY SEP 08-12, 2012 CL Bellevue, WA SP Environm Mutagen Soc (EMS) C1 [Hitt, N.] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Hendryx, M.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Schull, M.] Univ W Florida, Dept Math & Stat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 53 SU 1 BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 993YM UT WOS:000307896300042 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Hein, JR Vigh, T Szabo-Drubina, M Forizs, I Biro, L Muller, A Toth, AL AF Polgari, M. Hein, J. R. Vigh, T. Szabo-Drubina, M. Forizs, I. Biro, L. Mueller, A. Toth, A. L. TI Microbial processes and the origin of the Urkut manganese deposit, Hungary SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Geomicrobiology; Geochemistry; Hydrothermal; Manganese deposits; Black shale; Jurassic; Microbial genetic model; Paleoenvironmental indicators ID NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS; OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; TOARCIAN ANOXIC EVENT; BLACK-SHALE BASINS; ATLANTIS-II-DEEP; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; HYDROTHERMAL ORIGIN; MN(II) OXIDATION; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; MARINE BACILLUS AB The Transdanubian Range (Hungary, ALCAPA Unit) preserves a series of black shale-hosted Mn-carbonate deposits and cherty, Fe-rich Mn-oxide mineralized rocks associated with varicolored metalliferous claystones. Coccoid clumps (spherules), oval, tubular, and filamentous morphologies were observed by petrography, SEM-EDS, and TEM studies and are interpreted to be mineralized cellular materials. Local selective enrichment of bioessential elements (Mn, Fe, S. As, P. Mg, Ba, Sr, Co, Ce) occurs, and together with low delta C-13 values of the Mn carbonates also supports microbial mediated reactions. The results strongly suggest that the formation of Mn-Fe and Si minerals was associated with microbial metabolic processes. The role of aerobic chemo-lithoautotroph bacteria was essential in sequestering metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+) from solution, which were deposited in the sediment pile and serve as a paleoenvironmental indicator of oxic conditions. These deposits are examples of, and therefore provide important criteria for identifying, non-sulphidic, oxic, microbial mineral processes. We provide a new genetic model for giant black shale-hosted Mn-carbonate deposits that involves episodic aerobic microbial processes. Although a part, if not the whole of the black shale-hosted Mn-carbonate deposits is of biogenetic-bacterial sedimentary origin, a hydrothermal/exhalative source of metals may have contributed to the formation of the deposits. An Fe-Mn-oxide chimney system is proposed to be a proximal facies to geofluid vents that occurred along fracture systems, which may have provided metals from deep-seated sources. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polgari, M.; Szabo-Drubina, M.; Forizs, I.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. [Hein, J. R.] USGS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Vigh, T.] Mangan Ltd, H-8409 Urkut, Hungary. [Biro, L.; Mueller, A.] Univ Szeged, Dept Mineral Geochem & Petrol, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. [Toth, A. L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. RP Polgari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. EM rodokrozit@gmail.com; jhein@usgs.gov; manganvigh@vnet.hu; birolori@gmail.hu; tothal@szfki.hu FU Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA-NKTH) [K 68992] FX 1 We are grateful to Professor Barry J. Maynard, and an anonymous reviewer, and guest editorlens Gutzmer for useful suggestions. The study was supported by Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA-NKTH No. K 68992). NR 140 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 47 SI SI BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.10.001 PG 23 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 978FD UT WOS:000306725100006 ER PT J AU Cross, MS Zavaleta, ES Bachelet, D Brooks, ML Enquist, CAF Fleishman, E Graumlich, LJ Groves, CR Hannah, L Hansen, L Hayward, G Koopman, M Lawler, JJ Malcolm, J Nordgren, J Petersen, B Rowland, EL Scott, D Shafer, SL Shaw, MR Tabor, GM AF Cross, Molly S. Zavaleta, Erika S. Bachelet, Dominique Brooks, Marjorie L. Enquist, Carolyn A. F. Fleishman, Erica Graumlich, Lisa J. Groves, Craig R. Hannah, Lee Hansen, Lara Hayward, Greg Koopman, Marni Lawler, Joshua J. Malcolm, Jay Nordgren, John Petersen, Brian Rowland, Erika L. Scott, Daniel Shafer, Sarah L. Shaw, M. Rebecca Tabor, Gary M. TI The Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) Framework: A Tool for Incorporating Climate Change into Natural Resource Management SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate change; Conservation; Decision-making; Management; Natural resources ID STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SCENARIO; CANADA; WATER AB As natural resource management agencies and conservation organizations seek guidance on responding to climate change, myriad potential actions and strategies have been proposed for increasing the long-term viability of some attributes of natural systems. Managers need practical tools for selecting among these actions and strategies to develop a tailored management approach for specific targets at a given location. We developed and present one such tool, the participatory Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) framework, which considers the effects of climate change in the development of management actions for particular species, ecosystems and ecological functions. Our framework is based on the premise that effective adaptation of management to climate change can rely on local knowledge of an ecosystem and does not necessarily require detailed projections of climate change or its effects. We illustrate the ACT framework by applying it to an ecological function in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, USA)-water flows in the upper Yellowstone River. We suggest that the ACT framework is a practical tool for initiating adaptation planning, and for generating and communicating specific management interventions given an increasingly altered, yet uncertain, climate. C1 [Cross, Molly S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Zavaleta, Erika S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Brooks, Marjorie L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] USA, Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Groves, Craig R.] Nature Conservancy, Bozeman, MT USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, CABS, Arlington, VA USA. [Hansen, Lara] EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Hayward, Greg] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Reg Off, Golden, CO USA. [Koopman, Marni] Geos Inst, Ashland, OR USA. [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Malcolm, Jay] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nordgren, John] Kresge Fdn, Troy, MI USA. [Petersen, Brian] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rowland, Erika L.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Shaw, M. Rebecca] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA USA. [Tabor, Gary M.] Ctr Large Landscape Conservat, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Cross, MS (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 301 N Willson Ave, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM mcross@wcs.org RI Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014 FU Henry P. Kendall Foundation; Marisla Foundation; Surdna Foundation FX We thank J. Weaver and C. Carroll for early discussions, B. Gresswell for consultation on the Yellowstone River pilot study, A. Toivola for creating Fig. 1, and C. Schwartz, C. Clifton, and several anonymous reviewers for comments that helped strengthen the manuscript. This manuscript is a product of the Climate Change and Wildlife Conservation working group affiliated with the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, and funded by the Henry P. Kendall Foundation, the Marisla Foundation, and the Surdna Foundation. Additional support was provided to S. Shafer from the United States Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program, and to G. Hayward from the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9893-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 985KX UT WOS:000307266100001 PM 22773068 ER PT J AU Anderson, GB Freeman, MC Freeman, BJ Straight, CA Hagler, MM Peterson, JT AF Anderson, Gregory B. Freeman, Mary C. Freeman, Byron J. Straight, Carrie A. Hagler, Megan M. Peterson, James T. TI Dealing With Uncertainty When Assessing Fish Passage Through Culvert Road Crossings SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Culvert; Fish passage; Stream habitat; Imperiled fishes; Bayesian belief network ID BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; THREATENED LEOPARD DARTER; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STREAM FISHES; MOVEMENT; BARRIERS; CONSERVATION; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; CONNECTIVITY AB Assessing the passage of aquatic organisms through culvert road crossings has become increasingly common in efforts to restore stream habitat. Several federal and state agencies and local stakeholders have adopted assessment approaches based on literature-derived criteria for culvert impassability. However, criteria differ and are typically specific to larger-bodied fishes. In an analysis to prioritize culverts for remediation to benefit imperiled, small-bodied fishes in the Upper Coosa River system in the southeastern United States, we assessed the sensitivity of prioritization to the use of differing but plausible criteria for culvert impassability. Using measurements at 256 road crossings, we assessed culvert impassability using four alternative criteria sets represented in Bayesian belief networks. Two criteria sets scored culverts as either passable or impassable based on alternative thresholds of culvert characteristics (outlet elevation, baseflow water velocity). Two additional criteria sets incorporated uncertainty concerning ability of small-bodied fishes to pass through culverts and estimated a probability of culvert impassability. To prioritize culverts for remediation, we combined estimated culvert impassability with culvert position in the stream network relative to other barriers to compute prospective gain in connected stream habitat for the target fish species. Although four culverts ranked highly for remediation regardless of which criteria were used to assess impassability, other culverts differed widely in priority depending on criteria. Our results emphasize the value of explicitly incorporating uncertainty into criteria underlying remediation decisions. Comparing outcomes among alternative, plausible criteria may also help to identify research most needed to narrow management uncertainty. C1 [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Anderson, Gregory B.; Freeman, Byron J.; Straight, Carrie A.; Hagler, Megan M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcfreeman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX Many thanks to those who helped conduct field sampling: Christina Baker, Bill Bouthiller, Jeffery Garnett, Jason Hunt, Rachel Katz, Jason Lang, Sam Miles, Amanda Neese, James Norman, Nicole Pontzer, and Randy Singer. We also thank Brett Albanese and Katie Owens for supplying us with an impoundment layer for the Coosawattee River system. Brenda Rashleigh, William Fisher, Joe Anderson, Frank Dirrigl, Jr. and an anonymous referee provided insightful comments and helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9886-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 985KX UT WOS:000307266100011 PM 22744156 ER PT J AU Raabe, EA Roy, LC McIvor, CC AF Raabe, Ellen A. Roy, Laura C. McIvor, Carole C. TI Tampa Bay Coastal Wetlands: Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Tidal Marsh-to-Mangrove Conversion SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Marshes; Mangroves; Habitat conversion; Florida; Landscape analysis; Historic surveys ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALT-MARSHES; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; FLORIDA; COMPETITION; TRANSITION; TEMPERATE; FOREST; USA AB Currently, mangroves dominate the tidal wetlands of Tampa Bay, Florida, but an examination of historic navigation charts revealed dominance of tidal marshes with a mangrove fringe in the 1870s. This study's objective was to conduct a new assessment of wetland change in Tampa Bay by digitizing nineteenth century topographic and public land surveys and comparing these to modern coastal features at four locations. We differentiate between wetland loss, wetland gain through marine transgression, and a wetland conversion from marsh to mangrove. Wetland loss was greatest at study sites to the east and north. Expansion of the intertidal zone through marine transgression, across adjacent low-lying land, was documented primarily near the mouth of the bay. Generally, the bay-wide marsh-to-mangrove ratio reversed from 86:14 to 25:75 in 125 years. Conversion of marsh to mangrove wetlands averaged 72 % at the four sites, ranging from 52 % at Old Tampa Bay to 95 % at Feather Sound. In addition to latitudinal influences, intact wetlands and areas with greater freshwater influence exhibited a lower rate of marsh-to-mangrove conversion. Two sources for nineteenth century coastal landscape were in close agreement, providing an unprecedented view of historic conditions in Tampa Bay. C1 [Raabe, Ellen A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Roy, Laura C.] Belanger & Co, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Raabe, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eraabe@usgs.gov; l_roy4545@yahoo.com; carole_mcivor@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Our thanks to Randy Runnels, Yvonne Stoker, and Terry Edgar for subject and regional expertise, Justin Krebs and Adam Brame for field support, Jordan Sanford for digitizing, and anonymous reviewers whose efforts improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by two U.S. Geological Survey programs: the Coastal and Marine Geology Program Tampa Bay Integrated Science Project and the Ecosystems Program. NR 81 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1162 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9503-1 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 986HJ UT WOS:000307332400001 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Hayn, M Chen, SN Howarth, RW Dickhudt, PJ Aretxabaleta, AL Marino, R AF Ganju, Neil K. Hayn, Melanie Chen, Shih-Nan Howarth, Robert W. Dickhudt, Patrick J. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. Marino, Roxanne TI Tidal and Groundwater Fluxes to a Shallow, Microtidal Estuary: Constraining Inputs Through Field Observations and Hydrodynamic Modeling SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuarine hydrodynamics; Coastal groundwater discharge; Total exchange flow; Estuarine modeling; Index-velocity method ID COASTAL WATERS; DISCHARGE; TRANSPORT AB Increased nutrient loading to estuaries has led to eutrophication, degraded water quality, and ecological transformations. Quantifying nutrient loads in systems with significant groundwater input can be difficult due to the challenge of measuring groundwater fluxes. We quantified tidal and freshwater fluxes over an 8-week period at the entrance of West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts, a eutrophic, groundwater-fed estuary. Fluxes were estimated from velocity and salinity measurements and a total exchange flow (TEF) methodology. Intermittent cross-sectional measurements of velocity and salinity were used to convert point measurements to cross-sectionally averaged values over the entire deployment (index relationships). The estimated mean freshwater flux (0.19 m(3)/s) for the 8-week period was mainly due to groundwater input (0.21 m(3)/s) with contributions from precipitation to the estuary surface (0.026 m(3)/s) and removal by evaporation (0.048 m(3)/s). Spring-neap variations in freshwater export that appeared in shorter-term averages were mostly artifacts of the index relationships. Hydrodynamic modeling with steady groundwater input demonstrated that while the TEF methodology resolves the freshwater flux signal, calibration of the index-salinity relationships during spring tide conditions only was responsible for most of the spring-neap signal. The mean freshwater flux over the entire period estimated from the combination of the index-velocity, index-salinity, and TEF calculations were consistent with the model, suggesting that this methodology is a reliable way of estimating freshwater fluxes in the estuary over timescales greater than the spring-neap cycle. Combining this type of field campaign with hydrodynamic modeling provides guidance for estimating both magnitude of groundwater input and estuarine storage of freshwater and sets the stage for robust estimation of the nutrient load in groundwater. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Dickhudt, Patrick J.; Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hayn, Melanie; Howarth, Robert W.; Marino, Roxanne] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Chen, Shih-Nan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018; CHEN, SHIH-NAN/0000-0002-1593-3044; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU USGS; National Science Foundation [0420575] FX Funding was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program and by National Science Foundation Award #0420575 from the Biocomplexity/Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles Program. Access to private property was granted by Alan Rottenberg, Michael Jackson, and Jonathan Harley. Jonathan Borden, Jennifer Thomas, Lane Boyer, and Alex Nunez performed tidal-cycle surveys with support from Marinna Martini and Christine Sabens. Rocky Geyer, Kevin Kroeger, David Ralston, Christopher Sherwood, Richard Signell, John Warner, and two anonymous reviewers provided feedback on this study and/or manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9515-x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 986HJ UT WOS:000307332400012 ER PT J AU Null, KA Dimova, NT Knee, KL Esser, BK Swarzenski, PW Singleton, MJ Stacey, M Paytan, A AF Null, Kimberly A. Dimova, Natasha T. Knee, Karen L. Esser, Bradley K. Swarzenski, Peter W. Singleton, Michael J. Stacey, Mark Paytan, Adina TI Submarine Groundwater Discharge-Derived Nutrient Loads to San Francisco Bay: Implications to Future Ecosystem Changes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Submarine groundwater discharge; Radium; Radon; Estuaries; Nutrient loading; San Francisco Bay ID DELAYED COINCIDENCE COUNTER; RADIUM ISOTOPES; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; COASTAL ZONE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; MIXING PROCESSES; SEDIMENT-WATER; SEA-WATER; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was quantified at select sites in San Francisco Bay (SFB) from radium (Ra-223 and Ra-224) and radon (Rn-222) activities measured in groundwater and surface water using simple mass balance box models. Based on these models, discharge rates in South and Central Bays were 0.3-7.4 m(3) day(-1) m(-1). Although SGD fluxes at the two regions (Central and South Bays) of SFB were of the same order of magnitude, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species associated with SGD were different. In the South Bay, ammonium (NH (4) (+) ) concentrations in groundwater were three-fold higher than in open bay waters, and NH (4) (+) was the primary DIN form discharged by SGD. At the Central Bay site, the primary DIN form in groundwater and associated discharge was nitrate (NO (3) (-) ). The stable isotope signatures (delta N-15(NO3) and delta O-18(NO3)) of NO (3) (-) in the South Bay groundwater and surface waters were both consistent with NO (3) (-) derived from NH (4) (+) that was isotopically enriched in N-15 by NH (4) (+) volatilization. Based on the calculated SGD fluxes and groundwater nutrient concentrations, nutrient fluxes associated with SGD can account for up to 16 % of DIN and 22 % of DIP in South and Central Bays. The form of DIN contributed to surface waters from SGD may impact the ratio of NO (3) (-) to NH (4) (+) available to phytoplankton with implications to bay productivity, phytoplankton species distribution, and nutrient uptake rates. This assessment of nutrient delivery via groundwater discharge in SFB may provide vital information for future bay ecological wellbeing and sensitivity to future environmental stressors. C1 [Null, Kimberly A.; Dimova, Natasha T.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dimova, Natasha T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Knee, Karen L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Esser, Bradley K.; Singleton, Michael J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Null, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kimberly.null@gmail.com; natodi@gmail.com RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 FU University of California FX We would like to thank the University of California Lab Fees Research Program for funding. We would also like to thank Ellen Gray and Zhongwu Ma for assistance with fieldwork, Rob Franks at the UCSC analytical facility for help with analytical procedures, and many thanks to others that helped collect samples in the field. We extend special thanks to the park rangers and staff at Angel Island State Park for their hospitality and logistical support. PWS is grateful to the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program for continued support. NR 83 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2012 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1315 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9526-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 986HJ UT WOS:000307332400013 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DJ Olden, JD Torgersen, CE AF Lawrence, David J. Olden, Julian D. Torgersen, Christian E. TI Spatiotemporal patterns and habitat associations of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) invading salmon-rearing habitat SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; habitat modelling; longitudinal pattern; non-native fish; range expansion ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NONNATIVE FISHES; STREAM HABITAT; SUMMER DISTRIBUTION; EASTERN OKLAHOMA; STEELHEAD TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRASER-RIVER AB 1. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) have been widely introduced to fresh waters throughout the world to promote recreational fishing opportunities. In the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.), upstream range expansions of predatory bass, especially into subyearling salmon-rearing grounds, are of increasing conservation concern, yet have received little scientific inquiry. Understanding the habitat characteristics that influence bass distribution and the timing and extent of bass and salmon overlap will facilitate the development of management strategies that mitigate potential ecological impacts of bass. 2. We employed a spatially continuous sampling design to determine the extent of bass and subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) sympatry in the North Fork John Day River (NFJDR), a free-flowing river system in the Columbia River Basin that contains an upstream expanding population of non-native bass. Extensive (i.e. 53 km) surveys were conducted over 2 years and during an early and late summer period of each year, because these seasons provide a strong contrast in the rivers water temperature and flow condition. Classification and regression trees were applied to determine the primary habitat correlates of bass abundance at reach and channel-unit scales. 3. Our study revealed that bass seasonally occupy up to 22% of the length of the mainstem NFJDR where subyearling Chinook salmon occur, and the primary period of sympatry between these species was in the early summer and not during peak water temperatures in late summer. Where these species co-occurred, bass occupied 6076% of channel units used by subyearling Chinook salmon in the early summer and 2846% of the channel units they occupied in the late summer. Because these rearing salmon were well below the gape limitation of bass, this overlap could result in either direct predation or sublethal effects of bass on subyearling Chinook salmon. The upstream extent of bass increased 1023 km (2009 and 2010, respectively) as stream temperatures seasonally warmed, but subyearling Chinook salmon were also found farther upstream during this time. 4. Our multiscale analysis suggests that bass were selecting habitat based on antecedent thermal history at a broad scale, and if satisfactory temperature conditions were met, mesoscale habitat features (i.e. channel-unit type and depth) played an additional role in determining bass abundance. The upstream extent of bass in the late summer corresponded to a high-gradient geomorphic discontinuity in the NFJDR, which probably hindered further upstream movements of bass. The habitat determinants and upstream extent of bass were largely consistent across years, despite marked differences in the magnitude and timing of spring peak flows prior to bass spawning. 5. The overriding influence of water temperature on smallmouth bass distribution suggests that managers may be able limit future upstream range expansions of bass into salmon-rearing habitat by concentrating on restoration activities that mitigate climate- or land-use-related stream warming. These management activities could be prioritised to capitalise on survival bottlenecks in the life history of bass and spatially focused on landscape knick points such as high-gradient discontinuities to discourage further upstream movements of bass. C1 [Lawrence, David J.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM djlaw@uw.edu OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) programme [833834]; U. S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX We thank Thomas Pool, Angela Strecker, Lauren Kuehne, Chris Biggs and Aaron Ruesch for essential field assistance. We also thank Daniel Dauwalter and Shannon Brewer for providing raw data from their work that informed our discussion; the interpretation of the data is our own. Jeff Neal of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife provided useful information on fish populations in the NFJDR. Julia Crown provided the FLIR temperature data used here, and Caty Clifton provided additional temperature data. Ethan Welty wrote the custom R-script used to analyse this data. We especially thank the land owners on the NFJDR for access to their land to complete our surveys. Amy Charette helped facilitate our communication with landowners. The study was improved by input from Ben Stewart-Koster, James Starr, Dave Beauchamp and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) programme (grant # 833834). Additional funding and support was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1929 EP 1946 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02847.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978JI UT WOS:000306736200015 ER PT J AU Stokes, MR Wintsch, RP Southworth, CS AF Stokes, M. R. Wintsch, R. P. Southworth, C. S. TI Deformation of amphibolites via dissolution-precipitation creep in the middle and lower crust SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibolite; Blue Ridge; dissolution-precipitation creep; metamorphic reaction mechanisms ID RYOKE METAMORPHIC BELT; DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE; NORTH-CAROLINA; BLUE-RIDGE; FOLIATION DEVELOPMENT; DISLOCATION CREEP; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FAULT-ZONE; SW JAPAN; MECHANISMS AB Continuous compositional zoning in amphibole grains in strongly deformed and lineated amphibolites from the Eastern Blue Ridge, North Carolina indicates that most of the deformation was accommodated by dissolutionprecipitation creep. Amphibole in most samples shows moderate prograde and/or retrograde zoning parallel to the long-axis with compositions ranging between magnesiohornblende and tschermakite. In one sample, grains are zoned from actinolitic (Si = 7.9 p.f.u.) cores to tschermakitic (Si = 6.2 p.f.u) rims. Amphibole-plagioclase thermometry suggests prograde growth temperatures as low as 400 degrees C, but typically range from 650 to 730 degrees C and retrograde growth temperatures <700 degrees C. These estimates are corroborated quantitatively with amphibole-garnet-plagioclase thermobarometry and qualitatively with a positive correlation between TiO2 concentration in amphibole and calculated temperature. This growth zoning provides persuasive evidence that amphibole precipitation produced the fabric, but evidence for dissolution is less common. It is present, however in the form of truncations of complicated zoning patterns produced by healed fractures and overgrowths in low-temperature cores by high-temperature tschermakitic grains lacking similar internal structures. The preservation of this network of straight cracks filled with optically continuous amphibole also provides evidence against the operation of dislocation creep even to temperatures >700 degrees C because dislocation-creep would have deformed the fracture network. Thus, these amphibolites deformed by dissolutionprecipitation creep that produced a strong linear fabric under upper amphibolite facies, middle-to-lower crustal conditions. The significance of this discovery is that dissolutionprecipitation creep is activated at lower stresses than dislocation creep and that the strength of the lower crust, where amphibole is the dominant mineral is probably lower than that derived from experimental studies. C1 [Stokes, M. R.; Wintsch, R. P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Southworth, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stokes, MR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM mrstokes@indiana.edu FU Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University; US Geological Survey, NSF [EAR-0510293]; NSF [EAR-1019682] FX This research has benefited greatly from discussions with D. Bish, E. Ripley, K. Johnson, M. Growdon and C. McWilliams. We thank C. Li (Indiana University) for help with electron microprobe analysis, and for scheduling large blocks of probe time to ensure internal consistency of the data and J. Schieber for help with scanning electron microscopy. D. Robinson is gratefully acknowledged for the thoughtful editorial comments which greatly improved the manuscript as are the two journal reviewers, H. Stunitz and J. Wheeler. This work was partially supported by the Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, the US Geological Survey, NSF grant EAR-0510293 to Wintsch and Dorais and NSF grant EAR-1019682. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 30 IS 7 BP 723 EP 737 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2012.00989.x PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 986RD UT WOS:000307361000008 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Collins, BM Lutz, JA Stephens, SL van Wagtendonk, JW Yasuda, DA AF Miller, Jay D. Collins, Brandon M. Lutz, James A. Stephens, Scott L. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. Yasuda, Donald A. TI Differences in wildfires among ecoregions and land management agencies in the Sierra Nevada region, California, USA SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE fire effects; fire severity; fire suppression policy; Forest Service; National Park Service; RdNBR; Sierra Nevada, USA; wildfire ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; OLD-GROWTH; WILDERNESS AREAS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; FUEL TREATMENTS; WILDLAND FIRES AB Recent research has indicated that in most of the western United States, fire size is increasing, large fires are becoming more frequent, and in at least some locations percentage of high-severity fire is also increasing. These changes in the contemporary fire regime are largely attributed to both changing climate and land management practices, including suppression of fires and past timber harvesting, over the last century. Fire management, including suppression and using wildfire for resource benefits, varies among federal land management agencies, yet no published studies have directly compared fire statistics between federal land management agencies in our study area. The primary response to wildfire on Forest Service areas is immediate suppression, while the National Park Service is more likely to use wildfire for resource benefits. We use fire perimeters and satellite-derived estimates of fire severity to compare fire statistics for wildfires (fire size, percentage of high-severity fire and high-severity patch size) among ecoregions, forest types, and land management agencies 1984-2009 in the Sierra Nevada, Southern Cascades, and Modoc Plateau of California, USA. High-severity patch size and percentage of high-severity fire, regardless of forest type, were less (P < 0.05) in Yosemite National Park than on Forest Service lands. Yosemite fires were smaller on average than fires on Forest Service lands on the east side of the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascades and Modoc Plateau. Depending upon whether fires that crossed boundaries were included or not, mean size of Yosemite fires was either smaller or not significantly different from Forest Service fires on the west side of the Sierra Nevada. Even under current conditions, it appears that fire management practices that emulate those used in Yosemite could moderate effects of past land management, restoring and helping to maintain old forest conditions within the greater Sierra Nevada region, including the southern Cascades and Modoc Plateau. C1 [Miller, Jay D.; Yasuda, Donald A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. [Collins, Brandon M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lutz, James A.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, McClellan, CA 95652 USA. EM jaymiller@fs.fed.us NR 103 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2012 VL 3 IS 9 AR UNSP 80 DI 10.1890/ES12-00158.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IM UT WOS:000327303200006 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JS Weckerly, FW Duarte, A AF Hatfield, Jeff S. Weckerly, Floyd W. Duarte, Adam TI Shifting Foundations and Metrics for Golden-Cheeked Warbler Recovery SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; density estimation; endangered species; golden-cheeked warbler; occupancy models; population viability analysis; recovery plan; recovery units; Setophaga chrysoparia AB Using the golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) as a case study, this paper discusses what lessons can be learned from the process of the emergency listing and subsequent development of the recovery plan. Are the metrics for recovery in the current warbler plan appropriate, including population size and distribution (recovery units), migration corridors, and wintering habitat? In other words, what happened, what can we learn, and what should happen (in general) in the future for development of such plans? We discuss the number of recovery units required for species persistence and estimate the number of male warblers in protected areas across the breeding range of the species, using newly published density estimates. We also discuss future monitoring strategies to estimate warbler population trends and dispersal rates. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Weckerly, Floyd W.; Duarte, Adam] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Hatfield, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jhatfield@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Science Support Program; USFWS FX This paper was partially funded by a grant to the authors from the US Geological Survey (USGS) Science Support Program, and we are grateful to the USFWS for agreeing to fund our study under this program to conduct a range-wide population viability analysis for the warbler. Recovery-unit boundary shapefiles were provided by the Austin Ecological Services Office of the USFWS. Conservation and recreation land shapefiles were provided by Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Land and Water Resources Conservation and Recreation Plan Statewide Inventory-2012 and military land shapefiles were downloaded from the Defense Installation Spatial Data Infrastructure website (http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/). We are grateful for peer reviews provided by C. Farquhar, J. Nichols, and 2 anonymous reviewers to an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1002/wsb.181 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GZ UT WOS:000209333200005 ER PT J AU Magness, DR Lovecraft, AL Morton, JM AF Magness, Dawn R. Lovecraft, Amy Lauren Morton, John M. TI Factors Influencing Individual Management Preferences for Facilitating Adaptation to Climate Change Within the National Wildlife Refuge System SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptation; climate change; environmental policy; National Wildlife Refuge System; prospective adaptation; reserve network; retrospective adaptation; social-ecological system AB National Wildlife Refuge System policies reference both historical condition and naturalness, but these concepts may not be valid management goals in a world with rapid climate change. Currently, within the refuge system, managers and biologists can individually decide whether management actions to maintain historical condition (retrospective) or actions to promote and enhance future condition (prospective) are appropriate. In February 2008, we surveyed 203 refuge system managers and biologists (via email) about climate change and management strategies to facilitate adaptation to climate change. Our goal was to explore factors that influence preference for retrospective or prospective strategies. Most managers and biologists (76%) believe that climate change has already influenced their refuge, but land-use change and invasive species were considered more important landscape drivers. We did not find evidence that refuge purpose or inclusion of climate change in planning documents influenced individual preferences about strategies to facilitate adaptation. However, managers and biologists who conceptualize climate change as anthropogenic in origin were more likely to prefer retrospective strategies. Written responses indicate that managers and biologists prefer historical condition, but believe that retrospective strategies will be costly or impossible. Written comments also indicate that managers and biologists prefer strategies that allow species to adapt naturally and without intervention. We conclude that land management agencies need to provide the rationale for how climate change should be conceptualized in the short and long terms. Explicitly addressing conservation values may help to refine agency priorities in a rapidly changing world and to build the consensus necessary to strategically coordinate management across individual units in conservation reserves. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Magness, Dawn R.; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Magness, Dawn R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lovecraft, Amy Lauren] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Polit Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Magness, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 2139, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM dawn_magness@fws.gov FU University of Alaska's Center for Global Change; Resilience and Adaptation Program (IGERT, NSF); EPSCOR Alaska; Student Career Experience Program of the USFWS FX Funding for this research was provided by the University of Alaska's Center for Global Change. DRM also received a fellowship from the Resilience and Adaptation Program (IGERT, NSF), a fellowship from EPSCOR Alaska, and support through the Student Career Experience Program of the USFWS. Thanks to the Office of Science Advisor for support and help with survey distribution. Special thanks to all the National Wildlife Refuge System managers and biologists who participated in the survey. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1002/wsb.156 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GZ UT WOS:000209333200010 ER PT J AU Troy, RJ Coates, PS Connelly, JW Gillette, G Delehanty, DJ AF Troy, Ronald J. Coates, Peter S. Connelly, John W. Gillette, Gifford Delehanty, David J. TI A Modified Night-Netting Technique for Recapturing Quail SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE capture; Idaho; marking; mountain quail; Oreortyx pictus; radiotelemetry; trapping; spotlight AB Difficulties in recapturing radiomarked birds often prevent wildlife researchers from replacing transmitters and continuing to collect data over long time periods. We developed an effective, inexpensive capture technique for radiomarked mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus). Twenty-three of 25 mountain quail in south-central Idaho, USA, in 2006 and 2007 were recaptured for transmitter replacement. This technique will provide researchers with an opportunity to recapture relatively small birds, particularly those in dense vegetation, to help conduct long-term studies. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Troy, Ronald J.; Gillette, Gifford; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Connelly, John W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Troy, RJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Quail Unlimited; States Wildlife Grant Program; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Idaho State University FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Quail Unlimited, States Wildlife Grant Program, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Idaho State University for funding. Special thanks to G. Wright, R. Wells, and J. Beals for administrative support. We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, D. Budeau, China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station Environmental Office, T. Campbell, California Department of Fish & Game, and T. Blankenship for providing mountain quail for translocation. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 36 IS 3 BP 578 EP 581 DI 10.1002/wsb.176 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38GZ UT WOS:000209333200026 ER PT J AU Cheng, YR Martin, TE AF Cheng, Yi-Ru Martin, Thomas E. TI Nest Predation Risk and Growth Strategies of Passerine Species: Grow Fast or Develop Traits to Escape Risk? SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE differential growth; locomotor; endothermy; nest predation; passerine ID AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; INTRINSIC GROWTH; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; RATES; ENDOTHERMY; ENERGY; HOMEOTHERMY; PERFORMANCE; VERTEBRATES AB Different body components are thought to trade off in their growth and development rates, but the causes for relative prioritization of any trait remains a critical question. Offspring of species at higher risk of predation might prioritize development of locomotor traits that facilitate escaping risky environments over growth of mass. We tested this possibility in 12 altricial passerine species that differed in their risk of nest predation. We found that rates of growth and development of mass, wings, and endothermy increased with nest predation risk across species. In particular, species with higher nest predation risk exhibited relatively faster growth of wings than of mass, fledged with relatively larger wing sizes and smaller mass, and developed endothermy earlier at relatively smaller mass. This differential development can facilitate both escape from predators and survival outside of the nest environment. Tarsus growth was not differentially prioritized with respect to nest predation risk, and instead all species achieved adult tarsus size by age of fledging. We also tested whether different foraging modes (aerial, arboreal, and ground foragers) might explain the variation of differential growth of locomotor modules, but we found that little residual variation was explained. Our results suggest that differences in nest predation risk among species are associated with relative prioritization of body components to facilitate escape from the risky nest environment. C1 [Cheng, Yi-Ru; Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Cheng, YR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM yirucheng@gmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764]; National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-02817] FX We thank D. Emlen, B. Jackson, J. Maron, and A. Woods for comments on earlier versions of this article. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, the National Science Foundation (grants DEB-0543178 and DEB-0841764 to T.E.M.), and the National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant 2005-02817). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 48 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 180 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1086/667214 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 983LT UT WOS:000307121500003 PM 22854072 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Waller, RG Montgomery, AD Kelley, CD Toonen, RJ AF Wagner, D. Waller, R. G. Montgomery, A. D. Kelley, C. D. Toonen, R. J. TI Sexual reproduction of the Hawaiian black coral Antipathes griggi (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Anthozoa; Antipathidae; Coral spawning; Gametogenesis; Precious coral ID URCHIN STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; CARIJOA-RIISEI; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; ANTHOZOA HEXACORALLIA; PRECIOUS CORALS; SPERM DILUTION; AUAU CHANNEL; REEF CORALS; NEW-ZEALAND; SEA AB The Hawaiian black coral fishery has maintained steady catch levels for over 50 years. However, recent declines in the biomass of commercially valuable Hawaiian black corals question whether regulations need to be redefined for sustainable harvesting. Fishery management efforts are complicated by the limited information on the basic life history and reproduction of black corals. To address this knowledge gap, we used histological techniques to investigate sexual reproductive processes within Antipathes griggi, the dominant species targeted by the fishery. Our results indicate that A. griggi is likely gonochoric with a 1:1 sex ratio and has an annual reproductive cycle. Furthermore, the percentage of polyps containing gametes dropped continuously throughout the reproductive season, indicating that spawning occurs in successive events with greatest intensity between November and December. Current fishing regulations prohibit harvesting of colonies < 90 cm in height in state waters, and colonies < 120 cm in height in federal waters. This study indicates that 80% meeting the state harvesting limit, and 90% of colonies meeting the federal limit, are sexually mature. Therefore, increasing these minimum size harvesting limits would ensure that more colonies can reproduce before being exposed to fishing mortality. Although A. griggi can be found to depths of 100 m, it is rare below the 75 m depth limit at which commercial harvest occurs in Hawai'i. Thus, the supposed depth refuge from harvest does not really exist. C1 [Wagner, D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Waller, R. G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Montgomery, A. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Kelley, C. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Toonen, R. J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, 6600 Kalanianaole Highway,Suite 300, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM Daniel.Wagner@noaa.gov RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council [NA07NMF4410114]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program [NA07NOS4780189]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA05OAR4301108]; NOAA Fisheries Disaster Relief Program [NA03NMF4520452]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0623678]; National Marine Sanctuary Program (NWHICRER) [MOA 2005-008/6882] FX We thank D. Opresko for taxonomic assistance and J. DeMello for valuable help during this project. Special thanks to the captain and crew of R/V Kaimikai-o-Kanaloa and R/V Hi'ialakai, and to L. Marsh, J. Heacock, S. Reed, J. Leonard, K. Longenecker, R. Boland, J. Eble, Y. Papastamatiou, F. Parrish, J. Rooney, K. Ryan, R. Pyle, K. Gleason, R. Kosaki, G. McFall, C. Kane, B. Hauk and S. Kahng for help with sample collections. Additional help in the laboratory was provided by T. Carvalho, M. Bellinger, R. Macleod and E. Bates. This work was funded in part by the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NA07NMF4410114 to the University of Hawai'i through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program (NA07NOS4780189 to the State of Hawai` i Department of Land and Natural Resources [DLNR]), the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NA05OAR4301108 to HURL), the NOAA Fisheries Disaster Relief Program (NA03NMF4520452 to the State of Hawai'i/DLNR), the National Science Foundation (OCE-0623678 to RJT), and the National Marine Sanctuary Program (NWHICRER MOA 2005-008/6882). Submersible support was provided by HURL. This manuscript represents SOEST contribution number 8558 and HIMB contribution number 1484. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 795 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0882-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 985RR UT WOS:000307287400021 ER PT J AU Rogers, CS Muller, EM AF Rogers, C. S. Muller, E. M. TI Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003-2010 SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; Population recovery; Coral disease; Coral bleaching; Water temperature ID WHITE-BAND-DISEASE; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARRIER-REEF; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; MATTER; GROWTH AB A long-term study of the scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) showed that diseases, particularly white pox, are limiting the recovery of this threatened species. Colonies of A. palmata in Haulover Bay, within Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, were examined monthly in situ for signs of disease and other stressors from January 2003 through December 2009. During the study, 89.9 % of the colonies (n = 69) exhibited disease, including white pox (87 %), white band (13 %), and unknown (9 %). Monthly disease prevalence ranged from 0 to 57 %, and disease was the most significant cause of complete colony mortality (n = 17). A positive correlation was found between water temperature and disease prevalence, but not incidence. Annual average disease prevalence and incidence remained constant during the study. Colonies generally showed an increase in the estimated amount of total living tissue from growth, but 25 (36.2 %) of the colonies died. Acropora palmata bleached in the USVI for the first time during the 2005 Caribbean bleaching event. Only one of the 23 colonies that bleached appeared to die directly from bleaching. In 2005, corals that bleached had greater disease prevalence than those that did not bleach. Just over half (52 %) of the colonies incurred some physical damage. Monitoring of fragments (broken branches) that were generated by physical damage through June 2007 showed that 46.1 % died and 28.4 % remained alive; the fragments that attached to the substrate survived longer than those that did not. Recent surveys showed an increase in the total number of colonies within the reef area, formed from both asexual and sexual reproduction. Genotype analysis of 48 of the originally monitored corals indicated that 43 grew from sexual recruits supporting the conclusion that both asexual and sexual reproduction are contributing to an increase in colony density at this site. C1 [Rogers, C. S.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Muller, E. M.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Muller, E. M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Caribbean Field Stn, 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. EM caroline_rogers@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; National Park Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of the Virgin Islands; NOAA FX Many people have been involved in the challenging research described in this paper. Special thanks to T. Spitzack, A. Bright, R. Brewer, and J. Herlan for heroic efforts in the field. Thanks to B. Devine and C. McManus who were there at the very beginning. Thanks also to National Park Service biologists (C. Stengel, S. Caseau, and J. Hopkins) and to volunteers K. Vahling, C. Kauffman, H. Smart, C. Beckowitz, P. Nieves, J. Perry, P. Gravinese, and D. Holstein. We also wish to thank R. Boulon, Virgin Islands National Park, T. Smith, University of the Virgin Islands, and M. Miller (NOAA) for their support. T. Work, D. Williams, J. Miller and four anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded and/or supported by the US Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of the Virgin Islands. Support for E. Muller was also provided by a NOAA Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship and a Mote Marine Laboratory Post-doctoral Fellowship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0898-8 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 985RR UT WOS:000307287400022 ER PT J AU Suarez-Ruiz, I Flores, D Mendonca, JG Hackley, PC AF Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel Flores, Deolinda Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano Hackley, Paul C. TI Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 1, geological applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Organic petrology; Coal petrology; Organic matter; Coal; Organic Facies; Palynofacies; Geothermics; Macerals; Rank; Maturity; Coalification; Thermal maturity; Oil shales; Black shales; Reservoir rocks; Source Rocks; Hydrocarbon exploration; Basin Analysis; Depositional environments; Kerogen; Fossil fuels ID SOURCE-ROCK EVALUATION; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; COAL FACIES INTERPRETATIONS; CARBONIFEROUS RUHR BASIN; NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; FORT-WORTH BASIN; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; SUPPRESSED VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY AB Organic petrology developed as coal petrology at the beginning of the 20th century dedicated mainly to the study of coals because of their utilization in industry. Coal petrology was then considered a branch of coal science. Later, with the development of specialized nomenclature, classification of coal components, and the standardization and improvement of analytical (microscopical) methods, this discipline expanded in interests and name, becoming organic petrology. Organic petrology carries a broader context, being as well a tool applied in the study of dispersed organic matter in sedimentary rocks due to its importance in exploration for fossil fuel resources. At present, organic petrology is a discipline widely recognized for its role in fundamental and applied research with respect to both coal utilization and in geosciences. Throughout the 20th century several important monographs have been published on the discipline of organic petrology, including "Stach's textbook of coal petrology" (1st edition 1935, 2nd 1975, 3rd 1982), updated as the more general "Organic petrology" by Taylor et al. (1998). More recently, the text "Applied coal petrology: the role of petrology in coal utilization" was published by Suarez-Ruiz and Crelling (2008). This review is the first in a two-part review series that describes and updates the role of organic petrology in geosciences. A second part complementing this one and focused on the applications of organic petrology to other scientific fields will follow. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Natl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Flores, Deolinda] Univ Porto, Dept Geoci Ambiente Ordenamento Territorio, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Flores, Deolinda] Univ Porto, Ctr Geol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Geociencias, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Suarez-Ruiz, I (reprint author), Inst Natl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain. EM isruiz@incar.csic.es RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 796 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 88 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 99 BP 54 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.02.004 PG 59 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 976VF UT WOS:000306614500005 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Stelzer, EA Bushon, RN Brady, AMG Williston, AG Riddell, KR Borchardt, MA Spencer, SK Gellner, TM AF Francy, Donna S. Stelzer, Erin A. Bushon, Rebecca N. Brady, Arnie M. G. Williston, Ashley G. Riddell, Kimberly R. Borchardt, Mark A. Spencer, Susan K. Gellner, Terry M. TI Comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and chlorine and UV disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Membrane bioreactors; Virus removal; Microorganism removal; Quantitative PCR; Adenovirus; Enterovirus; Norovirus; Disinfection ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; TREATMENT PLANTS; DRINKING-WATER; SOMATIC COLIPHAGES; ENTEROVIRUSES; VIRUSES; NOROVIRUSES; TIME; PCR AB Log removals of bacterial indicators, coliphage, and enteric viruses were studied in three membrane bioreactor (MBR) activated-sludge and two conventional secondary activated-sludge municipal wastewater treatment plants during three recreational seasons (May-Oct.) when disinfection of effluents is required. In total, 73 regular samples were collected from key locations throughout treatment processes: post-preliminary, post-MBR, post-secondary, post-tertiary, and post-disinfection (UV or chlorine). Out of 19 post-preliminary samples, adenovirus by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was detected in all 19, enterovirus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (gRT-PCR) was detected in 15, and norovirus GI by gRT-PCR was detected in 11. Norovirus GII and Hepatitis A virus were not detected in any samples, and rotavirus was detected in one sample but could not be quantified. Although culturable viruses were found in 12 out of 19 post-preliminary samples, they were not detected in any post-secondary, post-MBR, post-ultraviolet, or post-chlorine samples. Median log removals for all organisms were higher for MBR secondary treatment (3.02 to >6.73) than for conventional secondary (1.53-4.19) treatment. Ultraviolet disinfection after MBR treatment provided little additional log removal of any organism except for somatic coliphage (>2.18), whereas ultraviolet or chlorine disinfection after conventional secondary treatment provided significant log removals (above the analytical variability) of all bacterial indicators (1.18-3.89) and somatic and F-specific coliphage (0.71 and >2.98). Median log removals of adenovirus across disinfection were low in both MBR and conventional secondary plants (no removal detected and 0.24), and few removals of individual samples were near or above the analytical variability of 1.2 log genomic copies per liter. Based on qualitative examinations of plots showing reductions of organisms throughout treatment processes, somatic coliphage may best represent the removal of viruses across secondary treatment in both MBR and conventional secondary plants. F-specific coliphage and Escherichia coli may best represent the removal of viruses across the disinfection process in MBR facilities, but none of the indicators represented the removal of viruses across disinfection in conventional secondary plants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Francy, Donna S.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Bushon, Rebecca N.; Brady, Arnie M. G.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Williston, Ashley G.] CT Consultants Inc, Mentor, OH 44060 USA. [Riddell, Kimberly R.] City Delphos, Delphos, OH 45833 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.; Spencer, Susan K.] ARS, USDA, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Gellner, Terry M.] CT Consultants Inc, Akron, OH USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov FU Ohio Water Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey; Kubota; Ovivo FX We gratefully acknowledge the wastewater treatment operators and managers for granting access to their plants, providing advice on sampling locations, and providing in-kind services during sampling. We also thank the peer-review team for their help throughout the study: Paul Novak and Mike McCullough (Ohio Environmental Protection Agency), Mark Meckes (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Jim Porteous and Douglas Bucher (Ovivo), and Minoru Fijitani (Kubota Membrane USA). Funding was provided by the Ohio Water Development Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, Kubota, and Ovivo. The use of brand, firm, and trade names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 127 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 13 BP 4164 EP 4178 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.044 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 976YL UT WOS:000306623200022 PM 22682268 ER PT J AU King, TL Lubinski, BA Burnham-Curtis, MK Stott, W Morgan, RP AF King, T. L. Lubinski, B. A. Burnham-Curtis, M. K. Stott, W. Morgan, R. P., II TI Tools for the management and conservation of genetic diversity in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the assessment of genetic diversity, phylogeography, and historical demographics SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis); Microsatellite DNA; Diversity; Multilocus genotypes; Cross-species amplification ID ZAPUS-HUDSONIUS-PREBLEI; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; TESTS; LOCI AB We document isolation and characterization of 13 tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). These markers displayed moderate to high levels of allelic diversity (averaging 20.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 53.5%) in a range-wide survey of more than 13,000 fish. A comparison of two geographically proximal populations located on opposite sides of the eastern continental divide in Maryland, USA, found no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and minimal linkage disequilibrium. Microsatellite markers developed for S. fontinalis yielded sufficient genetic diversity to: (1) produce unique multilocus genotypes; (2) elucidate phylogeographic structure; and (3) provide unique demographic perspectives of population sizes and historical demographics. This suite of markers also provided considerable cross-species amplification utility among related salmonids. C1 [King, T. L.; Lubinski, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Burnham-Curtis, M. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Stott, W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Morgan, R. P., II] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tlking@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS); National Park Service's (NPS) joint Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP); USGS Leetown Science Center FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) and National Park Service's (NPS) joint Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP) with additional funding provided by the USGS Leetown Science Center. The authors wish to thank Roseanna Coleman, Shannon Julian, and Colleen Young for critical laboratory assistance. This article is in partial fulfillment of a final report for NRPP. The authors wish to thank Diane Pavek (Research and T&E Coordinator, National Capital Region, National Park Service) for coordination of this research project. This article also serves as contribution 1676 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9603-z PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 976LS UT WOS:000306586800001 ER PT J AU Toussaint, RK Sage, GK Talbot, SL Scheel, D AF Toussaint, R. K. Sage, G. K. Talbot, S. L. Scheel, D. TI Microsatellite marker isolation and development for the giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite markers; Enteroctopus dofleini; Population genetics AB We isolated and developed 18 novel microsatellite markers for the giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) and examined them for 31 individuals from Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. These loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 11 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 65%). Seven loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) due to heterozygote deficiency for the PWS population, although deviations were not observed for all these loci in other populations, suggesting the PWS population is not in mutation-drift equilibrium. These novel microsatellite loci yielded sufficient genetic diversity for potential use in population genetics, individual identification, and parentage studies. C1 [Toussaint, R. K.; Scheel, D.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sage, G. K.; Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Toussaint, RK (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rktoussaint@gmail.com FU At-Sea Processors Association Pollock Conservation Cooperative through Alaska Pacific University; Alaska Space Grant Program, USGS Alaska Science Center,; Alaska Pacific University FX We thank Sarah Sonsthagen and C. Roman Dial for laboratory and analytical assistance, and Gordon Scott, Reid Brewer, Robert Berceli, and Elisa Russ for samples. Henry Tomingas provided sampling equipment and boat use. Funding was provided by the At-Sea Processors Association Pollock Conservation Cooperative through Alaska Pacific University, the Alaska Space Grant Program, USGS Alaska Science Center, and Alaska Pacific University. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 4 IS 3 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9588-z PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 976LS UT WOS:000306586800002 ER PT J AU Hope, AG Speer, KA Demboski, JR Talbot, SL Cook, JA AF Hope, Andrew G. Speer, Kelly A. Demboski, John R. Talbot, Sandra L. Cook, Joseph A. TI A climate for speciation: Rapid spatial diversification within the Sorex cinereus complex of shrews SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Beringia; Demography; Ecological speciation; North America; Pleistocene; Species tree ID NORTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-GROWTH; PREBLES SHREW; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; STATISTICAL-METHOD; MAMMALIAN GENOMES; GLACIAL REFUGIA AB The cyclic climate regime of the late Quaternary caused dramatic environmental change at high latitudes. Although these events may have been brief in periodicity from an evolutionary standpoint, multiple episodes of allopatry and divergence have been implicated in rapid radiations of a number of organisms. Shrews of the Sorex cinereus complex have long challenged taxonomists due to similar morphology and parapatric geographic ranges. Here, multi-locus phylogenetic and demographic assessments using a coalescent framework were combined to investigate spatiotemporal evolution of 13 nominal species with a widespread distribution throughout North America and across Beringia into Siberia. For these species, we first test a hypothesis of recent differentiation in response to Pleistocene climate versus more ancient divergence that would coincide with pre-Pleistocene perturbations. We then investigate the processes driving diversification over multiple continents. Our genetic analyses highlight novel diversity within these morphologically conserved mammals and clarify relationships between geographic distribution and evolutionary history. Demography within and among species indicates both regional stability and rapid expansion. Ancestral ecological differentiation coincident with early cladogenesis within the complex enabled alternating and repeated episodes of allopatry and expansion where successive glacial and interglacial phases each promoted divergence. The Sorex cinereus complex constitutes a valuable model for future comparative assessments of evolution in response to cyclic environmental change. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hope, Andrew G.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hope, Andrew G.; Speer, Kelly A.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hope, Andrew G.; Speer, Kelly A.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Demboski, John R.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Hope, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ahope@usgs.gov; kspeer@unm.edu; john.demboski@dmns.org; stalbot@usgs.gov; cookjose@unm.edu OI Demboski, John/0000-0002-5163-4113; Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 FU American Society; National Park Service; Beringian Coevolution Project [NSF0196095, 0415668]; UNM Biology Department Gaudin Scholarship; U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative; U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative FX Statistical analyses were facilitated by the University of Alaska Fairbanks Life Science Informatics Portal, accessed online at http://biotech.inbre.alaska.edu. Funding was provided by the American Society of Mammalogists Grants-In-Aid of Research, National Park Service, Beringian Coevolution Project (NSF0196095 and 0415668), UNM Biology Department Gaudin Scholarship, the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative. We thank D. Hafner, P. Fawcett, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. Special thanks to S.O. MacDonald, M. Fleming, and J. Whitman, L Whitman, A. Lackey, J. Malaney, R. McCain, J. Millar, and J. Bryant for help with field sampling. N. Panter of the Royal British Columbia Museum, J. Bradley and V. Rausch at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, R. Timm of the University of Kansas Museum, D. Markle of the Oregon State University Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Museum, C. Conroy and J. Patton of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, L Olson and B. Jacobsen of the University of Alaska Museum, C. Ramotnik of U.S. Geological Survey at Museum of Southwestern Biology, and M. Esteva and F. Cervantes of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico for providing valuable specimens. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 111 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 64 IS 3 BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.021 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 976XT UT WOS:000306621400023 PM 22652055 ER PT J AU Kruitbos, LM Tetzlaff, D Soulsby, C Buttle, J Carey, SK Laudon, H McDonnell, JJ McGuire, K Seibert, J Cunjak, R Shanley, J AF Kruitbos, Laura M. Tetzlaff, Doerthe Soulsby, Chris Buttle, Jim Carey, Sean K. Laudon, Hjalmar McDonnell, Jeffrey J. McGuire, Kevin Seibert, Jan Cunjak, Richard Shanley, Jamie TI Hydroclimatic and hydrochemical controls on Plecoptera diversity and distribution in northern freshwater ecosystems SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Catchment inter-comparison; Northern temperate regions; Hydroclimatic; Streamflow; Plecoptera; Alpha diversity; Climate change ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; STONEFLIES PLECOPTERA; LONG-TERM; CAIRNGORM MOUNTAINS; MESOSCALE CATCHMENT; INSECT COMMUNITIES; HEADWATER STREAMS; FLOW VARIABILITY; RUNOFF PROCESSES AB Freshwater ecosystems in the mid- to upper-latitudes of the northern hemisphere are particularly vulnerable to the impact of climate change as slight changes in air temperature can alter the form, timing, and magnitude of precipitation and consequent influence of snowmelt on streamflow dynamics. Here, we examine the effects of hydro-climate, flow regime, and hydrochemistry on Plecoptera (stonefly) alpha (alpha) diversity and distribution in northern freshwater ecosystems. We characterized the hydroclimatic regime of seven catchments spanning a climatic gradient across the northern temperate region and compared them with estimates of Plecoptera genera richness. By a space-for-time substitution, we assessed how warmer temperatures and altered flow regimes may influence Plecoptera alpha diversity and composition at the genus level. Our results show wide hydroclimatic variability among sites, including differences in temporal streamflow dynamics and temperature response. Principal component analysis showed that Plecoptera genera richness was positively correlated with catchment relief (m), mean and median annual air temperature (A degrees C), and streamflow. These results provide a preliminary insight into how hydroclimatic change, particularly in terms of increased air temperature and altered streamflow regimes, may create future conditions more favorable to some Plecopteras in northern catchments. C1 [Kruitbos, Laura M.; Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Shanley, Jamie] Univ Aberdeen, No Rivers Inst, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Buttle, Jim] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Laudon, Hjalmar] SLU, Umea, Sweden. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Seibert, Jan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cunjak, Richard] Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Cunjak, Richard] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Kruitbos, LM (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, No Rivers Inst, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen, Scotland. EM l.kruitbos@abdn.ac.uk RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 FU Leverhulme Trust FX We thank the Leverhulme Trust for funding the North-Watch project (http://www.abdn.ac.uk/northwatch/). This paper evolved from discussions at an international workshop titled "Hydroecological responses to climate change in northern catchments" which was held in Aviemore, Scotland, 29 August to 1 September, 2010. We thank Klement Tockner (Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin), Philip Wookey (University of Stirling), Angela Gurnell (Queen Mary, University of London), Iain Malcolm and Phil Bacon (Marine Scotland) who participated in this workshop and contributed to presentations and discussions valuable to this work. We would also like to thank Nikolai Friberg (Aarhus University, National Environmental Research Institute) for his time and useful comments he provided to this manuscript. We are also grateful to two anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions, Alison Sandison for the preparation of the map, and Alan Herlihy and Tina Garland (Oregon State University) for their assistance in providing us with data for Mack Creek, HJ Andrews. This paper represents contribution number 120 of the Catamaran Brook Research Project. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2012 VL 693 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1085-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 969OZ UT WOS:000306066400004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TS Ramkissoon, S Garrison, VH Ramsubhag, A Thies, JE AF Sullivan, Tarah S. Ramkissoon, Seema Garrison, Virginia H. Ramsubhag, Adash Thies, Janice E. TI Siderophore production of African dust microorganisms over Trinidad and Tobago SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE African dust; Bacteria; Fungi; Archaea; Microbial siderophores; CAS; T-RFLP ID IRON-LIMITED CONDITIONS; CROSS-UTILIZATION; CORAL-REEFS; BACTERIA; MARINE; GROWTH; FUNGI; TRANSPORT; STRESS; SOIL AB Iron (Fe) deposition from African dust has been implicated in a variety of environmental impacts on downwind terrestrial and marine ecosystems throughout the Caribbean. The most abundant form of Fe in African dust is Fe-III, which is often not bioavailable. The objective of this study was to determine to what degree microorganisms isolated from African dust collected in Trinidad and Tobago are capable of producing siderophores that mobilize bioavailable Fe into the environment. Aerosol samples were collected for microbial analyses during African dust conditions in the source region (Mali) and downwind sites (Trinidad and Tobago). Microbial community fingerprints, obtained by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were compared among aerosol samples and possible Trinidadian sources of locally aerosolized microorganisms (sea water and soils). Ordination of the fingerprint data revealed similarities between aerosols from the source region and the aerosols and soils of downwind regions. Aerosol isolates from the downwind sites were screened for siderophore production using a modified chrome azurol-S (CAS) assay. Twenty-five percent of isolates tested that were sampled under non-dust conditions and 65% of African dust isolates produced at least one type of siderophore; among African dust isolates, all known classes of siderophores were produced. These data support African dust microorganism siderophore production as a viable mechanism by which Fe bioavailability may be increased in downwind locations, given appropriate conditions for microbial proliferation. C1 [Sullivan, Tarah S.; Thies, Janice E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ramkissoon, Seema; Ramsubhag, Adash] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Garrison, Virginia H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Thies, JE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 722 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM janice.thies@cornell.edu FU Institute for International Education, Fulbright Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Azad Mohammed, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, for his extensive help with logistics, travel, sampling, and materials acquisition; without his help, this study would not have been possible. This research was supported by the Institute for International Education, Fulbright Foundation. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 EI 1573-3025 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD SEP PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1007/s10453-011-9243-x PG 11 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968JR UT WOS:000305976600009 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Stillings, LL Amacher, MC Ippolito, JA DeCrappeo, NM AF Blecker, S. W. Stillings, L. L. Amacher, M. C. Ippolito, J. A. DeCrappeo, N. M. TI Development of vegetation based soil quality indices for mineralized terrane in arid and semi-arid regions SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Soil quality; Monitoring; Vegetation; Semi-arid; Soil microbiology ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GREAT-BASIN; CLASSIFICATION; RECLAMATION; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; MINESOILS; PATTERNS; FORESTS; BIOMASS AB Soil quality indices (SQIs) are often management driven and attempt to describe key relationships between above- and below-ground parameters. In terrestrial systems, indices that were initially developed and modified for agroecosystems have been applied to non-agricultural systems in increasing number. We develop an SQI in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of the Western US impacted by different types of geologic mineralization using the relationship between vegetation community parameters and soil abiotic and biotic properties. We analyze these relations in soils associated with three different mineralization types: podiform chromite, Cu/Mo porphyry, and acid-sulfate gold vein systems at four different sites in California and Nevada. Soil samples were collected from undisturbed soils in both mineralized and nearby unmineralized substrates as well as from waste rock and tailings. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), canopy cover and shrub density were measured for the vegetative communities. Minimum data sets were developed based on correlations between the soil and vegetation parameters, refined using principal components analysis, scored using non-linear functions, and combined into an overall SQI. The indices are comprised of one or two microbial parameters and three to six abiotic parameters, the latter consisting of nutrients and metals. Given the preliminary development of this approach, the parameters and combinations to arrive at an SQI for a given site cannot at this time be correlated or compared with that of another site. This SQI approach provides a means of quantifying disturbed ecosystem recovery resulting from mining, and could be applied to other disturbances in a way that readily distills the information for potential use by land managers. However, severely disturbed areas with little to no aboveground biomass, such as unreclaimed tailings, have likely crossed an ecological threshold that precludes the use of this type of monitoring tool. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Stillings, L. L.] USGS, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Amacher, M. C.] US Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [DeCrappeo, N. M.] USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Blecker, SW (reprint author), USGS, 1664 N Virginia St,MS 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sblecker@deltacouncil.ca.gov NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.010 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939DQ UT WOS:000303788000009 ER PT J AU Caccamise, SAL Wang, J Wu, LJ Woodward, LA Li, QX AF Caccamise, Sarah A. L. Wang, Jun Wu, Liejun Woodward, Lee Ann Li, Qing X. TI Accumulation and toxicity assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; Black-footed albatross; Midway Atoll; North Pacific Ocean; Toxic equivalents; TEQ; Ecological indicator ID TOXICOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; PCBS; CONTAMINATION; CONGENERS; ISLAND; PCDFS; BIRDS; PCDDS; DDT AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous chemicals that were used as additives in capacitors and transformers: and heavy contamination in the past of Midway Atoll, a national wildlife refuge, puts the wildlife, including the black-footed albatross (BFAL), at risk. In this study, we assess the profiles and toxicity of the individual PCB congeners at a natural equilibrium state in various tissues of 1-month old and 4-5-month old BFAL chicks and black-footed and Laysan albatross eggs found on the atoll. In the 1-month old chicks from Midway Atoll, the major seven congeners PCBs 99, 118, 138, 153, 170,180 and 183 accounted for 36-78% of the total PCBs in the various body parts, and the total PCB concentrations in the bird samples are inversely related to the total body weights. In the 4-5-month old chicks, these same congeners accounted for much lower percentages (7-26%) than in the 1-month-old chicks, with higher amounts of the less chlorinated congeners. The total toxic equivalents (TEQs) for all of the tissues in the 1-month old chicks ranged from 130 to 11,000 pg g(-1) (lipid weight, lw), and the total TEQs for the 4-5-month old chicks ranged from 18,000 to 100,000 pg g(-1). The average total concentration was 7.9 and 4.6 mu g g(-1) lw in the BFAL eggs and Laysan albatross eggs, respectively. The high concentrations could be accounted for by the age and PCB accumulation of the female producing the egg. The average TEQs were 70 and 90 pg g(-1) in the Laysan albatross eggs and BFAL eggs, respectively. This PCB concentration and toxicity information can be used to determine the toxicological risk of the BFAL chicks while nesting at Midway Atoll, and the analysis of the albatross eggs is an indication of the contamination of the female albatross at the time of egg formation, with the levels acting as an indicator of the total PCB body burdens that the females are experiencing. The information from this study is indicative of the toxicological risk to the seabirds that nest and feed near Midway and of the overall PCB contamination in the North Pacific Ocean. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caccamise, Sarah A. L.; Wang, Jun; Wu, Liejun; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Woodward, LA (reprint author), 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM leeann_woodward@fws.gov; qingl@hawaii.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We acknowledge Kater Bourdon for collection of the samples on Midway Atoll. The authors thank Sean Cripps for assisting in sample preparation. This work was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. All samples were collected under the permit of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.023 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939DQ UT WOS:000303788000010 ER PT J AU Graham, JH Duda, JJ Brown, ML Kitchen, S Emlen, JM Malol, J Bankstahl, E Krzysik, AJ Balbach, H Freeman, DC AF Graham, John H. Duda, Jeffrey J. Brown, Michelle L. Kitchen, Stanley Emlen, John M. Malol, Jagadish Bankstahl, Elizabeth Krzysik, Anthony J. Balbach, Harold Freeman, D. Carl TI The effects of drought and disturbance on the growth and developmental instability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Loblolly pine; Drought; Indicators; Developmental instability ID FALL-LINE SANDHILLS; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; IPOMOEA-PANDURATA; SOIL DISTURBANCE; RHUS-COPALLINUM; CROWN POSITION; FERTILIZATION; GEORGIA; STRESS; EVOLUTION AB Ecological indicators provide early warning of adverse environmental change, helping land managers adaptively manage their resources while minimizing costly remediation. In 1999 and 2000, we studied two such indicators, growth and developmental instability, of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) influenced by mechanized infantry training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Disturbed areas were used for military training: tracked and wheeled vehicles damaged vegetation and soils. Highly disturbed sites had fewer trees, diminished ground cover, warmer soils in the summer, and more compacted soils with a shallower A-horizon. We hypothesized that disturbance would decrease the growth of needles, branches, and tree rings, increase the complexity of tree rings, and increase the developmental instability of needles. Contrary to our expectations, however, disturbance enhanced growth in the first year of the study, possibly by reducing competition. In the second year. a drought reduced growth of branches and needles, eliminating the stimulatory effect of disturbance. Growth-ring widths increased with growing-season precipitation, and decreased with growing-season temperature over the last 40 years. Disturbance had no effect on tree-ring complexity, as measured by the Hurst exponent. Within-fascicle variation of current-year needle length, a measure of developmental instability, differed among the study populations, but appeared unrelated to mechanical disturbance or drought. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Graham, John H.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Emlen, John M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brown, Michelle L.; Malol, Jagadish; Bankstahl, Elizabeth; Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Kitchen, Stanley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Krzysik, Anthony J.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Balbach, Harold] USA, ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. EM jgraham@berry.edu RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X FU SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) [CS-1114B] FX We thank Hugh Westbury (U.S. Army ERDC-CERL) for coordinating our fieldwork at Fort Benning, and Pete Swiderek, Natural Resources Branch Chief, for his assistance in site selection, and John Brent, Environmental Management Division Chief, for research support. We also thank Lisa Ceravolo, Cathy Chamberlin-Graham, Michelle Hobig, Jennifer Murray, and Michelle Nilson for assisting with data collection. This research was funded by SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) Project CS-1114B, Development of Ecological Indicator Guilds for Land Management. SERDP is a joint cooperative research program of the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These studies comply with the current laws of the United States of America. Use of trade names is for convenience of the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 20 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.007 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 939DQ UT WOS:000303788000017 ER PT J AU Mueses-Cisneros, JJ Cisneros-Heredia, DF Mcdiarmid, RW AF Jairo Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Mcdiarmid, Roy W. TI A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Gunther, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Bufonidae; Rhaebo; new species; Rhaebo glaberrimus; Rhaebo guttatus; Amazonia AB We describe a new species of toad of the genus Rhaebo from the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador. The new species is characterized by have a large-size (SVL 156.7 mm in adult female, 92.8-127.0 mm in adult males), lacking a preocular ridge and most cephalic crests except for the low parietals crests; having the cloacal opening towards the middle level of thighs; rounded to slightly oval parotoids; and dark to cream brown groin. The new species was previously confused with Rhaebo glaberrimus, but the latter differs by having the cloacal opening at the ventral level of the thighs, small body size, skin texture mainly smooth, and a pink or yellowish color in the groin. The new species is also similar to Rhaebo guttatus that differs by having a preocular ridge and a different ventral coloration (throat, chest and belly with cream round spots). We also comment on the identity of R. glaberrimus and R. guttatus, correct some reports published in the literature, and present new information on their natural history and distribution. C1 [Jairo Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh] Fdn Invest Biodiversidad Amazon FIBA Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia. [Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador. [Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Mcdiarmid, Roy W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Mueses-Cisneros, JJ (reprint author), Fdn Invest Biodiversidad Amazon FIBA Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia. EM jjmueses@gmail.com; diegofrancisco_cisneros@yahoo.com; mcdiarmr@si.edu RI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011 OI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738 FU Smithsonian Women's Committee; Research Training Program at the National Museum of Natural History - Smithsonian Institution, King's College London, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Conservation International; Russel E. Train Education for Nature Program of the Word Wildlife Fund WWF; "Fernando Ortiz-Crespo" Endangered Species Program; CI-Colombia, Fundacion Omacha and Fondo Para la Accion Ambiental (Programa de Becas para la Iniciativa de Especies Amenazadas EIA FX We are thankful to the following people who granted access to collections under their care or loaned us specimens: Jose Pombal Jr. (MNRJ); Andres Acosta (MUJ); Santiago Ayerbe, Maria del Pilar Rivas, and Jimmy Guerrero (MHNUC); Belisario Cepeda (PSO-CZ); Hermano Roque Casallas and Arturo Rodriguez (MLS); Fernando Castro and Angela Maria Cortes (UV-C); John D. Lynch (ICN); Afranio Ortiz Castellanos (MHNCSJ); Vivian Paez and Lucas Barrientos (MHUA); Diego Perico (IAvH); Ana Almendariz (EPN); Luis A. Coloma (QCAZ) and Mario H. Yanez-Munoz (DHMECN). We also are grateful to Luis A. Coloma, Mauricio Ortega, Felipe Franco Curcio, Martin Bustamante, J. D. Lynch, Alan Resetar, The Natural History Museum, London and Francisco Lopez-Lopez for allowing the use of their photographs. To Felipe Franco Curcio (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil), Maureen Kearney and Alan Resetar (Field Museum of Natural History), David Gower, Mark Wilkinson, Barry Clarke, and Colin McCarthy (The Natural History Museum, London), William E. Duellman (KU), Caroline Pepermans and Egmond, J. van (National Museum of Natural History Naturalis, Leiden), Ned Gilmore (The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia), Goran Nilson (Goteborg Natural History Museum), and Mario Humberto Yanez-Munoz (DHMECN) for the photographs of specimens deposited in their collections. To Mauricio Ortega (Fundacion Ecociencia, Ecuador) and Gustavo Torres (Corpoamazonia) for the elaboration of the distribution map (Figure 3) and for providing some geographic coordinates. To Belisario Cepeda-Quilindo, Marvin Anganoy-Criollo, and Giuseppe Gagliardo, for their help in providing literature. DFCH's research was supported by M. E. Heredia and L. Heredia, the Smithsonian Women's Committee, the 2002 Research Training Program at the National Museum of Natural History - Smithsonian Institution, King's College London, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Conservation International, the Russel E. Train Education for Nature Program of the Word Wildlife Fund WWF, and the "Fernando Ortiz-Crespo" Endangered Species Program managed by EcoCiencia and Conservation International. In June 2010 this project was suspended due to loss of the information because, unfortunately, seven of our computers were stolen while developing fieldwork in Andalucia, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. We have made an enormous effort to reconstruct the manuscript, collect images and check the corrections made by the evaluators. For this reason, we thank the Editorial Board of Zootaxa, especially Dr. Miguel Vences, for allowing us to reconsider publishing this work two years after submission to this journal. We thank the reviewers Luis A. Coloma and Robson Avila for their comments on this manuscript. The final phase of this project was funded by CI-Colombia, Fundacion Omacha and Fondo Para la Accion Ambiental (Programa de Becas para la Iniciativa de Especies Amenazadas EIA, convenio 19 de 2011). Gently, Dr. Darrel Frost and Dra. Marilyn Faris have supported the work of JJM and investigations of his team (Fundacion para la Investigacion en Biodiversidad Amazonica-FIBA) donating equipment and stereoscopes, that strongly advances our understanding of the herpetofauna of southern Colombia. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2012 IS 3447 BP 22 EP 40 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 003HW UT WOS:000308602100002 ER PT J AU Venkatesan, AK Pycke, BFG Barber, LB Lee, KE Halden, RU AF Venkatesan, Arjun K. Pycke, Benny F. G. Barber, Larry B. Lee, Kathy E. Halden, Rolf U. TI Occurrence of triclosan, triclocarban, and its lesser chlorinated congeners in Minnesota freshwater sediments collected near wastewater treatment plants SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial; Reductive dechlorination; Personal care products; Surface water; Pollution ID AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATE; CONTAMINANTS; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; VITELLOGENIN; REPRODUCTION; EXPOSURE; HORMONES; PLASMA AB The antimicrobial agents triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC) and their associated transformation products are of increasing concern as environmental pollutants due to their potential adverse effects on humans and wildlife, including bioaccumulation and endocrine-disrupting activity. Analysis by tandem mass spectrometry of 24 paired freshwater bed sediment samples (top 10 cm) collected by the U.S. Geological Survey near 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Minnesota revealed TCS and TCC concentrations of up to 85 and 822 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Concentrations of TCS and TCC in bed sediments collected downstream of WWTPs were significantly greater than upstream concentrations in 58% and 42% of the sites, respectively. Dichloro- and non-chlorinated carbanilides (DCC and NCC) were detected in sediments collected at all sites at concentrations of up to 160 and 1.1 ng/g dw, respectively. Overall, antimicrobial concentrations were significantly higher in lakes than in rivers and creeks, with relative abundances decreasing from TCC > TCS > DCC > NCC. This is the first statewide report on the occurrence of TCS,TCC and TCC transformation products in freshwater sediments. Moreover, the results suggest biological or chemical TCC dechlorination products to be ubiquitous in freshwater environments of Minnesota. but whether this transformation occurs in the WWTP or bed sediment remains to be determined. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Venkatesan, Arjun K.; Pycke, Benny F. G.; Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Swette Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lee, Kathy E.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Halden, RU (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Swette Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM halden@asu.edu RI Venkatesan, Arjun/K-5564-2012; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010 OI Venkatesan, Arjun/0000-0001-9760-9004; Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES015445] FX This project was supported in part by Award Number R01ES015445 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 30 PY 2012 VL 229 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.049 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983PI UT WOS:000307130800004 PM 22742731 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Bradford, SA Harvey, RW Hao, XZ Zhou, DM AF Wang, Dengjun Bradford, Scott A. Harvey, Ronald W. Hao, Xiuzhen Zhou, Dongmei TI Transport of ARS-labeled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in saturated granular media is influenced by surface charge variability even in the presence of humic acid SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ARS-labeled hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ARS-nHAP); Ionic strength (I-c); Breakthrough curve (BTC); Retention profile (RP); Colloid filtration theory (CFT) ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROMETER-SCALE PARTICLES; POROUS-MEDIA; IONIC-STRENGTH; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; C-60 NANOPARTICLES; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; SAND; BEHAVIOR AB Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAP) is increasingly being used to remediate soils and water polluted by metals and radionuclides. The transport and retention of Alizarin red S (ARS)-labeled nHAP were investigated in water-saturated granular media. Experiments were carried out over a range of ionic strength (I-c, 0-50 mM NaCl) conditions in the presence of 10 mg L-1 humic acid. The transport of ARS-nHAP was found to decrease with increasing suspension I-c in part, because of enhanced aggregation and chemical heterogeneity. The retention profiles (RPs) of ARS-nHAP exhibited hyperexponential shapes (a decreasing rate of retention with increasing transport distance) for all test conditions, suggesting that some of the attachment was occurring under unfavorable conditions. Surface charge heterogeneities on the collector surfaces and especially within the ARS-nHAP population were contributing causes for the hyperexponential RPs. Consideration of the effect(s) of I-c in the presence of HA is needed to improve the efficacy of nHAP for scavenging metals and actinides in real soils and groundwater environments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Dengjun; Hao, Xiuzhen; Zhou, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wang, Dengjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, DM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Soil Environm & Pollut Remediat, Inst Soil Sci, 71 E Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM dmzhou@issas.ac.cn RI Wang, Dengjun/H-3171-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU Knowledge Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q02-02]; National Basic Research and Development Program [2007CB936604] FX This work was supported by the Knowledge Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-Q02-02) and the National Basic Research and Development Program (2007CB936604). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for description purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 30 PY 2012 VL 229 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.089 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983PI UT WOS:000307130800022 PM 22721835 ER PT J AU Bhaskar, AS Harvey, JW Henry, EJ AF Bhaskar, Aditi S. Harvey, Judson W. Henry, Eric J. TI Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux using heat as a tracer SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NONSORBING SOLUTES; THERMAL DISPERSION; URBAN STREAMS; NATURAL HEAT; BED FORMS; EXCHANGE; FLOW; ZONE AB Hyporheic and groundwater fluxes typically occur together in permeable sediments beneath flowing stream water. However, streambed water fluxes quantified using the thermal method are usually interpreted as representing either groundwater or hyporheic fluxes. Our purpose was to improve understanding of co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes using streambed temperature measurements and analysis of one-dimensional heat transport in shallow streambeds. First, we examined how changes in hyporheic and groundwater fluxes affect their relative magnitudes by reevaluating previously published simulations. These indicated that flux magnitudes are largely independent until a threshold is crossed, past which hyporheic fluxes are diminished by much larger (1000-fold) groundwater fluxes. We tested accurate quantification of co-occurring fluxes using one-dimensional approaches that are appropriate for analyzing streambed temperature data collected at field sites. The thermal analytical method, which uses an analytical solution to the one-dimensional heat transport equation, was used to analyze results from a numerical heat transport model, in which hyporheic flow was represented as increased thermal dispersion at shallow depths. We found that co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes can be quantified in streambeds, although not always accurately. For example, using a temperature time series collected in a sandy streambed, we found that hyporheic and groundwater flow could both be detected when thermal dispersion due to hyporheic flow was significant compared to thermal conduction. We provide guidance for when thermal data can be used to quantify both hyporheic and groundwater fluxes, and we show that neglecting thermal dispersion may affect accuracy and interpretation of estimated streambed water fluxes. C1 [Bhaskar, Aditi S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Bhaskar, Aditi S.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Henry, Eric J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Bhaskar, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, 1000 Hilltop Circle,TRC Room 105, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM aditi.bhaskar@umbc.edu RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU NSF [DGE-0549469, EAR-0810140, EAR-0814990]; UNCW Cahill Award; USGS FX U.S. Geological Survey hosted ASB for her IGERT internship, providing intellectual mentorship by JWH and EJH, office space and computer resources for three months to carry out this work. We thank J.K. Bohlke, Doug Jerolmack, Aaron Packman, and Craig Tobias for their collaboration in related efforts at Clear Run, Bayani Cardenas for making raw simulation results available from his dissertation and previously published work, and Claire Welty and three anonymous reviewers for helpful and detailed comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF Grants DGE-0549469 "IGERT: Water in the Urban Environment" (ASB), EAR-0810140 (JWH), EAR-0814990 (JWH), a UNCW Cahill Award (EJH), and the USGS HR&D and NAWQA Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 29 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W08524 DI 10.1029/2011WR011784 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 999KU UT WOS:000308311300002 ER PT J AU Rigler, EJ Hill, SM Reinard, AA Steenburgh, RA AF Rigler, E. Joshua Hill, Steven M. Reinard, Alysha A. Steenburgh, Robert A. TI Solar thematic maps for space weather operations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; IKONOS DATA; SEA-ICE; CLASSIFICATION; SEGMENTATION; ALGORITHMS; COVER; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; VARIABILITY AB Thematic maps are arrays of labels, or "themes," associated with discrete locations in space and time. Borrowing heavily from the terrestrial remote sensing discipline, a numerical technique based on Bayes' theorem captures operational expertise in the form of trained theme statistics, then uses this to automatically assign labels to solar image pixels. Ultimately, regular thematic maps of the solar corona will be generated from high-cadence, high-resolution SUVI images, the solar ultraviolet imager slated to fly on NOAA's next-generation GOES-R series of satellites starting similar to 2016. These thematic maps will not only provide quicker, more consistent synoptic views of the sun for space weather forecasters, but digital thematic pixel masks (e.g., coronal hole, active region, flare, etc.), necessary for a new generation of operational solar data products, will be generated. This paper presents the mathematical underpinnings of our thematic mapper, as well as some practical algorithmic considerations. Then, using images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Advanced Imaging Array (AIA) as test data, it presents results from validation experiments designed to ascertain the robustness of the technique with respect to differing expert opinions and changing solar conditions. C1 [Rigler, E. Joshua] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rigler, E. Joshua; Reinard, Alysha A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hill, Steven M.; Steenburgh, Robert A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rigler, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM erigler@usgs.gov RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 FU NOAA FX Funding for this work came largely from NOAA's GOES-R Risk Reduction Research and Proving Ground programs. We wish to also thank the NOAA-SWPC forecast office for access to, and explanations of, their archive of daily solar disk drawings, as well as the opportunity to shadow several forecasting shifts and observe first-hand how these are created and used. This work would not have been possible without high-quality EUV solar imagery provided courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA science team. Finally, we thank Jim Vickroy Jonathan Darnel, Juan Rodriguez, Paul T. M. Loto'aniu, Leslie Meyer, and Mary Shouldis for countless valuable discussions and feedback pertaining to the operational implementation of our solar thematic mapper. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 25 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S08009 DI 10.1029/2012SW000780 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 995QV UT WOS:000308028000001 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Jones, BM Lu, Z Whitman, MS AF Arp, C. D. Jones, B. M. Lu, Z. Whitman, M. S. TI Shifting balance of thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER AVAILABILITY; PERMAFROST; THICKNESS; CANADA; COVER; SLOPE AB The balance of thermokarst lakes with bedfast-and floating-ice regimes across Arctic lowlands regulates heat storage, permafrost thaw, winter-water supply, and over-wintering aquatic habitat. Using a time-series of late-winter synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to distinguish lake ice regimes in two regions of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska from 2003-2011, we found that 18% of the lakes had intermittent ice regimes, varying between bedfastice and floating-ice conditions. Comparing this dataset with a radar-based lake classification from 1980 showed that 16% of the bedfast-ice lakes had shifted to floating-ice regimes. A simulated lake ice thinning trend of 1.5 cm/yr since 1978 is believed to be the primary factor driving this form of lake change. The most profound impacts of this regime shift in Arctic lakes may be an increase in the landscape-scale thermal offset created by additional lake heat storage and its role in talik development in otherwise continuous permafrost as well as increases in over-winter aquatic habitat and winter-water supply. Citation: Arp, C. D., B. M. Jones, Z. Lu, and M. S. Whitman (2012), Shifting balance of thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L16503, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052518. C1 [Arp, C. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Jones, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Lu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Whitman, M. S.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, 467 Duckering Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM cdarp@alaska.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife's Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; Land Remote Sensing Program FX We thank S. Walker, M. Lilly, F. Urban, R. Beck, G. Grosse, and B. Gaglioti for contributions to this research in the field, with data collection, and logistical support. Two anonymous reviewers and June Thormodsgard provided useful comments on this manuscript. Funding of this work was provided primarily by the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife's Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and the U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program, and the Land Remote Sensing Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L16503 DI 10.1029/2012GL052518 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 995JK UT WOS:000308004100001 ER PT J AU Osborn, G Menounos, B Ryane, C Riedel, J Clague, JJ Koch, J Clark, D Scott, K Davis, PT AF Osborn, Gerald Menounos, Brian Ryane, Chanone Riedel, Jon Clague, John J. Koch, Johannes Clark, Douglas Scott, Kevin Davis, P. Thompson TI Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations on Mount Baker, Washington SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Pleistocene; Holocene; Glacial history; Mount Baker; Tephrochronology ID SOUTHERN COAST MOUNTAINS; NORTH CASCADE RANGE; CORDILLERAN ICE-SHEET; EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; GARIBALDI-PROVINCIAL-PARK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; ERUPTIVE HISTORY; ALPINE GLACIERS; WESTERN CANADA AB Glaciers on stratovolcanoes of the Pacific Northwest of North America offer opportunities for dating late Pleistocene and Holocene glacier advances because tephra and fossil wood are common in lateral moraines and in glacier forefields. We capitalize on this opportunity by examining the Holocene glacial record at Mount Baker, an active stratovolcano in northwest Washington. Earlier workers concluded that glaciers on Mount Baker during the early Holocene were more extensive than during the Little Ice Age and hypothesized that the explanation lay in unusual climatic or hypsometric effects peculiar to large volcanoes. We show that the main argument for an early Holocene glacier advance on Mount Baker, namely the absence of ca 10,000-year-old tephra on part of the south flank of the mountain, is incorrect. Moreover, a lake-sediment core indicates that a small cirque moraine previously thought be of early Holocene age is also likely older than the tephra and consequently of late Pleistocene age. Lateral and end moraines and wood mats ca 2 km downvalley of the present snout of Deming Glacier indicate that an advance during the Younger Dryas interval was little more extensive than the climactic Little Ice Age advance. Tephra and wood between tills in the left lateral moraine of Easton Glacier suggest that ice on Mount Baker was restricted in the early Holocene and that Neoglaciation began ca 6 ka. A series of progressively more extensive Neoglacial advances, dated to about 2.2, 1.6, 0.9, and 0.4 ka, are recorded by stacked tills in the right lateral moraine of Deming Glacier. Intervening retreats were long enough to allow establishment of forests on the moraine. Wood mats in moraines of Coleman and Easton glaciers indicate that Little Ice Age expansion began before 0.7 ka and was followed by retreat and a readvance ca 0.5 ka. Tree-ring and lichen data indicate glaciers on the south side of the mountain reached their maximum extents in the mid-1800s. The similarity between glacier fluctuations at Mount Baker and those elsewhere in the Cascades and in British Columbia suggests a coherent history of Holocene climate change over a broad area of the western Cordillera. We found no evidence that glaciers on stratovolcanoes behave differently than glaciers elsewhere. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Osborn, Gerald] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Menounos, Brian] Univ No British Columbia, Geog Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Ryane, Chanone] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Clague, John J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Koch, Johannes] Brandon Univ, Dept Geog, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. [Clark, Douglas] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Scott, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Davis, P. Thompson] Bentley Univ, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. RP Osborn, G (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM osborn@ucalgary.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX We are grateful to Dave Tucker for sharing, in the office and in the field, his knowledge of Mount Baker volcanic history. Paul Thomas, Don Easterbrook, Dori Kovanen, and Olav Slaymaker provided stimulating discussion, and Paul pointed out key outcrops in the field. We thank Melanie Grubb, Kimberley Ball, Kristyn Adams, and Vanessa Vallis for field assistance and John Scurlock for use of his photographs. The paper benefited from constructive reviews by Eric Leonard and Glenn Thackray. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation provided funding for our research. NR 117 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD AUG 23 PY 2012 VL 49 BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.004 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 995YN UT WOS:000308051300003 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD Skorupa, JP AF Lemly, A. Dennis Skorupa, Joseph P. TI Wildlife and the Coal Waste Policy Debate: Proposed Rules for Coal Waste Disposal Ignore Lessons from 45 Years of Wildlife Poisoning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This analysis examines wildlife poisoning from coal combustion waste (CCW) in the context of EPA's proposed policy that would allow continued use of surface impoundments as a disposal method. Data from 21 confirmed damage sites were evaluated, ranging from locations where historic poisoning has led to corrective actions that have greatly improved environmental conditions to those where contamination has just recently been discovered and the level of ecological impacts has yet to be determined. The combined direct and indirect cost of poisoned fish and wildlife exceeds $2.3 billion, which is enough money to construct 155 landfills with state-of-the-art composite liners and leachate collection systems. This cost is projected to increase by an additional $3.85 billion over the next 50 years, an amount that would construct 257 landfills. Evidence revealed through this study indicates the following: (1) for the past 45 years, environmental damage has been a recurring theme with surface impoundment of CCW, (2) the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System has not been effective in preventing serious environmental damage from CCW, (3) EPA's Regulatory Impact Analysis of the costs and benefits of pollution control options fails to include benefits of avoided damages to natural resources, specifically, poisoned fish and wildlife, and (4) surface impoundments pose unacceptably high ecological risks regardless of location or design. Regulators should no longer ignore rigorous science and the lessons from multiple case examples. EPA and the United States need to show leadership on this issue by prohibiting surface impoundments, particularly since the rise in coal use in developing countries is leading to the same CCW pollution problems on a global scale. C1 [Lemly, A. Dennis] Wake Forest Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn,Piedmont Aquat Res Lab,Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Skorupa, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn,Piedmont Aquat Res Lab,Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM dlemly@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 16 BP 8595 EP 8600 DI 10.1021/es301467q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991JQ UT WOS:000307697700008 PM 22839645 ER PT J AU Landon, MK Belitz, K AF Landon, Matthew K. Belitz, Kenneth TI Geogenic Sources of Benzene in Aquifers Used for Public Supply, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; HYDROCARBONS; BIODEGRADATION; CONTAMINATION; QUALITY; VALLEY; WELLS; ENVIRONMENTS AB Statistical evaluation of two large statewide data sets from the California State Water Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (1973 wells) and the California Department of Public Health (12 417 wells) reveals that benzene occurs infrequently (1.7%) and at generally low concentrations (median detected concentration of 0.024 mu g/L) in groundwater used for public supply in California. When detected, benzene is more often related to geogenic (45% of detections) than anthropogenic sources (27% of detections). Similar relations are evident for the sum of 17 hydrocarbons analyzed. Benzene occurs most frequently and at the highest concentrations in old, brackish, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 13.0% in groundwater with tritium <1 pCi/L, specific conductance >1600 mu S/cm, and anoxic conditions. This groundwater is typically deep (>180 m). Benzene occurs somewhat less frequently in recent, shallow, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 2.6% in groundwater with tritium >= 1 pCi/L, depth <30 m, and anoxic conditions. Evidence for geogenic sources of benzene include: higher concentrations and detection frequencies with increasing well depth, groundwater age, and proximity to oil and gas fields; and higher salinity and lower chloride/iodide ratios in old groundwater with detections of benzene, consistent with interactions with oil-field brines. C1 [Landon, Matthew K.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Landon, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM landon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development [DW-14-95779601-0]; State bonds FX This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development under inter-agency agreement DW-14-95779601-0. This study was coordinated with the California GAMA program, funded by State bonds administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board; we thank the well owners who allowed the USGS to collect samples and personnel who collected and managed the data. The use of brand names in the manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 16 BP 8689 EP 8697 DI 10.1021/es302024c PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991JQ UT WOS:000307697700020 PM 22823495 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Veeramani, H Ulrich, KU Blue, LY Giammar, DE Bernier-Latmani, R Stubbs, JE Suvorova, E Yabusaki, S Lezama-Pacheco, JS Mehta, A Long, PE Bargar, JR AF Campbell, Kate M. Veeramani, Harish Ulrich, Kai-Uwe Blue, Lisa Y. Giammar, Daniel E. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Stubbs, Joanne E. Suvorova, Elena Yabusaki, Steve Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Mehta, Apurva Long, Philip E. Bargar, John R. TI Oxidative Dissolution of Biogenic Uraninite in Groundwater at Old Rifle, CO (vol 45, pg 8748, 2011) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Veeramani, Harish; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan; Suvorova, Elena] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ulrich, Kai-Uwe; Blue, Lisa Y.; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Stubbs, Joanne E.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Mehta, Apurva; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yabusaki, Steve; Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine Sreet, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Veeramani, Harish/N-2783-2015 OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Veeramani, Harish/0000-0002-7623-209X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 21 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 16 BP 9199 EP 9199 DI 10.1021/es302732d PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 991JQ UT WOS:000307697700081 ER PT J AU Tank, SE Frey, KE Striegl, RG Raymond, PA Holmes, RM McClelland, JW Peterson, BJ AF Tank, Suzanne E. Frey, Karen E. Striegl, Robert G. Raymond, Peter A. Holmes, Robert M. McClelland, James W. Peterson, Bruce J. TI Landscape-level controls on dissolved carbon flux from diverse catchments of the circumboreal SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; MACKENZIE RIVER-BASIN; JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO; FLUVIAL GEOCHEMISTRY; EROSION PROCESSES; CO2 CONSUMPTION; SIBERIAN CRATON; EASTERN SIBERIA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON AB While much of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within rivers is destined for mineralization to CO2, a substantial fraction of riverine bicarbonate (HCO3-) flux represents a CO2 sink, as a result of weathering processes that sequester CO2 as HCO3-. We explored landscape-level controls on DOC and HCO3- flux in subcatchments of the boreal, with a specific focus on the effect of permafrost on riverine dissolved C flux. To do this, we undertook a multivariate analysis that partitioned the variance attributable to known, key regulators of dissolved C flux (runoff, lithology, and vegetation) prior to examining the effect of permafrost, using riverine biogeochemistry data from a suite of subcatchments drawn from the Mackenzie, Yukon, East, and West Siberian regions of the circumboreal. Across the diverse catchments that we study, controls on HCO3- flux were near-universal: runoff and an increased carbonate rock contribution to weathering (assessed as riverwater Ca:Na) increased HCO3- yields, while increasing permafrost extent was associated with decreases in HCO3-. In contrast, permafrost had contrasting and region-specific effects on DOC yield, even after the variation caused by other key drivers of its flux had been accounted for. We used ionic ratios and SO4 yields to calculate the potential range of CO2 sequestered via weathering across these boreal subcatchments, and show that decreasing permafrost extent is associated with increases in weathering-mediated CO2 fixation across broad spatial scales, an effect that could counterbalance some of the organic C mineralization that is predicted with declining permafrost. C1 [Tank, Suzanne E.; Peterson, Bruce J.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Holmes, Robert M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. RP Tank, SE (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM tanks@yorku.ca RI Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 FU NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF [OPP-0229302, OPP-0732985] FX Funding for this work was provided through NSF-OPP-0229302 and NSF-OPP-0732985. Additional support to S.E.T. was provided by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 81 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 65 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 21 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB0E02 DI 10.1029/2012GB004299 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 995KC UT WOS:000308005900001 ER PT J AU Israde-Alcantara, I Bischoff, JL DeCarli, PS Dominguez-Vazquez, G Bunch, TE Firestone, RB Kennett, JP West, A AF Israde-Alcantara, Isabel Bischoff, James L. DeCarli, Paul S. Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela Bunch, Ted E. Firestone, Richard B. Kennett, James P. West, Allen TI Reply to Blaauw et al., Boslough, Daulton, Gill et al., and Hardiman et al.: Younger Dryas impact proxies in Lake Cuitzeo, Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID NANODIAMONDS; EXTINCTIONS; SEDIMENTS C1 [Israde-Alcantara, Isabel] Univ Michoacana, Dept Geol & Mineral, Inst Invest Met, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Dominguez-Vazquez, Gabriela] Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [DeCarli, Paul S.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bunch, Ted E.] No Arizona Univ, Geol Program, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Firestone, Richard B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [West, Allen] GeoSci Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), Univ Michoacana, Dept Geol & Mineral, Inst Invest Met, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. EM jbischoff@usgs.gov OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 21 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 34 BP E2245 EP E2247 DI 10.1073/pnas.1209463109 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 996KJ UT WOS:000308085200006 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Lezama-Pacheco, JS Janot, N Stubbs, JE Williams, KH Long, PE Suvorova, EI Stylo, MA Alessi, DS Bernier-Latmani, R Campbell, KM Davis, JA Fox, PM Cerrato, JM Giammar, DE AF Bargar, John R. Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Janot, Noemie Stubbs, Joanne E. Williams, Kenneth H. Long, Philip E. Suvorova, Elena I. Stylo, Malgorzata A. Alessi, Daniel S. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan Campbell, Kate M. Davis, James A. Fox, Patricia M. Cerrato, Jose M. Giammar, Daniel E. TI Uranium(VI) reduction products in the Old Rifle, CO alluvial aquifer: Insights from X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bargar, John R.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Janot, Noemie] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stubbs, Joanne E.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Williams, Kenneth H.; Long, Philip E.; Davis, James A.; Fox, Patricia M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suvorova, Elena I.; Stylo, Malgorzata A.; Alessi, Daniel S.; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cerrato, Jose M.; Giammar, Daniel E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Fox, Patricia/I-2208-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Fox, Patricia/0000-0002-5264-1876; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 184-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804407 ER PT J AU Coupe, RH Capel, PD Kalkhoff, SJ Gregoire, C AF Coupe, Richard H. Capel, Paul D. Kalkhoff, Stephen J. Gregoire, Caroline TI Fate and transport of glyphosate and AMPA into surface waters of agricultural watersheds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kalkhoff, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Gregoire, Caroline] Natl Sch Water & Environm Engn, Strasbourg, France. EM rhcoupe@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 33-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800297 ER PT J AU de Guzman, GTN Codling, EE Prabhakara, K Hapeman, CJ Hively, WD McCarty, GW Lang, MW Torrents, A AF de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino Codling, Eton E. Prabhakara, Kusuma Hapeman, Cathleen J. Hively, W. Dean McCarty, Gregory W. Lang, Megan W. Torrents, Alba TI Potential arsenic sources in a Choptank River subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Codling, Eton E.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prabhakara, Kusuma] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gndg@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 197-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800450 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ McCarty, GW Rice, CP Hively, WD McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Lang, MW Whitall, DR Bialek, K Downey, P AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. McCarty, Gregory W. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McConnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. Lang, Megan W. Whitall, David R. Bialek, Krystyna Downey, Peter TI Exploring the association of the metolachlor metabolite MESA and agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in the Choptank River Watershed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Rice, Clifford P.; McConnell, Laura L.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Bialek, Krystyna; Downey, Peter] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Sci Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 196-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800449 ER PT J AU Lorah, MM Walker, C Baker, A AF Lorah, Michelle M. Walker, Charles Baker, Anna TI Anaerobic bioreactor system for treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lorah, Michelle M.; Walker, Charles; Baker, Anna] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM mmlorah@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 129-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804354 ER PT J AU Meyer, MT Kolpin, DW Battaglin, WA AF Meyer, Michael T. Kolpin, Dana W. Battaglin, William A. TI Transport and loading of herbicides and their degradates during mega-floods in the upper Mississippi River basin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 34-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800298 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM AF Reddy, Michael M. TI Calcite growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylate ions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Reddy, Michael M.] US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Branch Res, Water Mission Area, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 15-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802221 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Welch, HL Coupe, RH Capel, PD AF Rose, Claire E. Welch, Heather L. Coupe, Richard H. Capel, Paul D. TI Holistic assessment of the occurrence of metolachlor and two of its degradates across various environmental compartments in seven environmental settings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rose, Claire E.; Welch, Heather L.; Coupe, Richard H.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cerose@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 36-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800300 ER PT J AU Warren, E AF Warren, Ean TI Chemistry and the environment film series, "Carbon for Water" SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ewarren@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 1-CEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801381 ER PT J AU Manning, AH Clark, JF Diaz, SH Rademacher, LK Earman, S Plummer, LN AF Manning, Andrew H. Clark, Jordan F. Diaz, Stephanie H. Rademacher, Laura K. Earman, Sam Plummer, L. Niel TI Evolution of groundwater age in a mountain watershed over a period of thirteen years SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Groundwater recharge; Mountain groundwater; Mixing models; Climate change ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NOBLE-GASES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; RESIDENCE TIMES; FRONT RECHARGE; UNITED-STATES AB We compile a unique 13-year record of groundwater age for 11 springs in Sagehen basin, a watershed in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and tritium (H-3) data collected in prior studies from 1997 to 2003 are re-interpreted and combined with new data collected in 2009 and 2010. The age record is analyzed to explore the potential value of groundwater age monitoring for (1) providing additional constraints on the age distribution in mixed-age samples, and (2) identifying temporal changes in groundwater recharge. Motivation for this study is provided by a lack of knowledge of how groundwater recharge and discharge (stream baseflow) in mountain watersheds might respond to climate change, and a resulting need to better understand mountain aquifer residence times, storage, and recharge. Piston-flow ages for the springs generally range from 10 to 50 yr. The plausibility of different age mixing models is tested by comparing observed temporal variations in age with those simulated using simple numerical models, and by examining plots comparing the concentrations of different age tracers. We find that most spring waters are best characterized by a bimodal mixing model consisting of a new (<1 yr old) fraction and a fraction that is older, but still modern (recharged after 1950). Identification of this mixing model would not have been possible without data from multiple age tracers and data from multiple years. Computed mean ages vary substantially (often by 3-7 yr) between sampling events for most springs, including those with ages of 20-50 yr. Mean age variations are likely controlled by variations in the magnitude of the new fraction, which is positively correlated with annual snowpack water content. Most springs show overall upward trends in mean age for the sampling period, consistent with decreasing recharge rates in response to diminishing snowpack. Groundwater age monitoring appears to be a potentially valuable tool for both constraining the age distribution in sampled waters and investigating recharge transients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Manning, Andrew H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Clark, Jordan F.; Diaz, Stephanie H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rademacher, Laura K.] Univ Pacific, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Earman, Sam] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Earman, Sam] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM amanning@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 FU California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research Program [PIR-08-010] FX This work was supported by a grant from the California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIR-08-010). We thank David Ho of the University of Hawaii for his SF6 measurements on the 2001 samples, and the Sagehen Creek Field Station for providing extensive logistical support during sample collection. We also thank Daren Gooddy, Dong-Chan Koh, and Peter McMahon for their helpful reviews of the paper. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 16 PY 2012 VL 460 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.030 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 996UN UT WOS:000308120400002 ER PT J AU Valder, JF Long, AJ Davis, AD Kenner, SJ AF Valder, Joshua F. Long, Andrew J. Davis, Arden D. Kenner, Scott J. TI Multivariate statistical approach to estimate mixing proportions for unknown end members SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Principal component analysis; End-member mixing; Multivariate analysis; Conceptual model; Karsthydrology ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; RIVER; CHEMISTRY; AQUIFER; SURFACE AB A multivariate statistical method is presented, which includes principal components analysis (PCA) and an end-member mixing model to estimate unknown end-member hydrochemical compositions and the relative mixing proportions of those end members in mixed waters. PCA, together with the Hotelling T-2 statistic and a conceptual model of groundwater flow and mixing, was used in selecting samples that best approximate end members, which then were used as initial values in optimization of the end-member mixing model. This method was tested on controlled datasets (i.e., true values of estimates were known a priori) and found effective in estimating these end members and mixing proportions. The controlled datasets included synthetically generated hydrochemical data, synthetically generated mixing proportions, and laboratory analyses of sample mixtures, which were used in an evaluation of the effectiveness of this method for potential use in actual hydrological settings. For three different scenarios tested, correlation coefficients (R-2) for linear regression between the estimated and known values ranged from 0.968 to 0.993 for mixing proportions and from 0.839 to 0.998 for end-member compositions. The method also was applied to field data from a study of end-member mixing in groundwater as a field example and partial method validation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valder, Joshua F.; Long, Andrew J.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Valder, Joshua F.; Davis, Arden D.; Kenner, Scott J.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Valder, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jvalder@usgs.gov; ajlong@usgs.gov; arden.davis@sdsmt.edu; scott.kenner@sdsmt.edu RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 16 PY 2012 VL 460 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.037 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 996UN UT WOS:000308120400006 ER PT J AU Wasser, SK Hayward, LS Hartman, J Booth, RK Broms, K Berg, J Seely, E Lewis, L Smith, H AF Wasser, Samuel K. Hayward, Lisa S. Hartman, Jennifer Booth, Rebecca K. Broms, Kristin Berg, Jodi Seely, Elizabeth Lewis, Lyle Smith, Heath TI Using Detection Dogs to Conduct Simultaneous Surveys of Northern Spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) and Barred Owls (Strix varia) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT SELECTION; RATES; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; ALBERTA; MODELS; CANADA; RANGE AB State and federal actions to conserve northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat are largely initiated by establishing habitat occupancy. Northern spotted owl occupancy is typically assessed by eliciting their response to simulated conspecific vocalizations. However, proximity of barred owls (Strix varia)-a significant threat to northern spotted owls-can suppress northern spotted owl responsiveness to vocalization surveys and hence their probability of detection. We developed a survey method to simultaneously detect both species that does not require vocalization. Detection dogs (Canis familiaris) located owl pellets accumulated under roost sites, within search areas selected using habitat association maps. We compared success of detection dog surveys to vocalization surveys slightly modified from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Draft 2010 Survey Protocol. Seventeen 2 km 62 km polygons were each surveyed multiple times in an area where northern spotted owls were known to nest prior to 1997 and barred owl density was thought to be low. Mitochondrial DNA was used to confirm species from pellets detected by dogs. Spotted owl and barred owl detection probabilities were significantly higher for dog than vocalization surveys. For spotted owls, this difference increased with number of site visits. Cumulative detection probabilities of northern spotted owls were 29% after session 1, 62% after session 2, and 87% after session 3 for dog surveys, compared to 25% after session 1, increasing to 59% by session 6 for vocalization surveys. Mean detection probability for barred owls was 20.1% for dog surveys and 7.3% for vocal surveys. Results suggest that detection dog surveys can complement vocalization surveys by providing a reliable method for establishing occupancy of both northern spotted and barred owl without requiring owl vocalization. This helps meet objectives of Recovery Actions 24 and 25 of the Revised Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl. C1 [Wasser, Samuel K.; Hayward, Lisa S.; Hartman, Jennifer; Booth, Rebecca K.; Berg, Jodi; Seely, Elizabeth; Smith, Heath] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lewis, Lyle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Wasser, SK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wassers@uw.edu FU USFWS [10100-0-J001MOD4]; Seattle Audubon; Washington Forest Law Center; Wilburforce Foundation; Endangered Species and Habitat Conservation; Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Office FX This research was funded by a grant from the USF&WS grant # 10100-0-J001MOD4, Seattle Audubon (http://www.seattleaudubon.org/sas/), the Washington Forest Law Center (http://wflc.org/), and the Wilburforce Foundation (http://www.wilburforce.org/). The Assistant Project Leader, Endangered Species and Habitat Conservation, Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Office provided partial funding and participated in the design and implementation of this study. However, as indicated by the disclaimer in the manuscript, The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. No other funders had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42892 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042892 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 993AG UT WOS:000307823600032 PM 22916175 ER PT J AU Chipman, L Huettel, M Laschet, M AF Chipman, Lindsay Huettel, Markus Laschet, Matthias TI Effect of benthic-pelagic coupling on dissolved organic carbon concentrations in permeable sediments and water column in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DOC; Permeable sediment; Benthic-pelagic coupling; Gulf of Mexico coastal sand; Seasonal dynamics; Sedimentary chlorophyll ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; APALACHICOLA BAY; PORE WATERS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COASTAL SEDIMENT; SUWANNEE RIVER; SEA SEDIMENTS; MATTER; NITROGEN AB Large areas of the continental shelf are covered by permeable sand beds that filter substantial volumes of coastal water. This study investigated the temporal changes in and coupling between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the water column and pore water of nearshore permeable sediments in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Time series samples, collected in the nearshore environments at an exposed and a nearby protected site, showed very similar patterns of sedimentary DOC concentrations at both sites indicating that large-scale, seasonal, and weather-related processes controlled these distributions. A summer situation, with the sediment surface layer depleted in DOC and upward diffusion of recalcitrant DOC from deeper layers, was separated by a fall transition phase, where increasing winds and waves caused a mixing of the sedimentary DOC, resulting in relatively even concentrations over the investigated sediment depth (0-12 cm). The subsequent winter situation was characterized by increased DOC in the surface layer caused by filtration of degradable organic material into the sands and subsurface removal of degradable DOC. A second transition phase in early spring marked the end of the winter situation, with strong winds and waves and thorough pore water mixing, leading again to even DOC distribution in the investigated sediment layer. This transition phase initiated the next summer situation with depletion of DOC in the sediment surface layers. Our results indicate that DOC in the upper layer (<= 12 cm) of the shallow sands is controlled by benthic-pelagic coupling facilitated by relatively rapid solute and particle exchange in the highly permeable sediments at our study sites. The prompt responses of the surface layer DOC concentrations to the changes in the overlying water underline the dynamic character of substrate supply in the permeable sediments, setting them apart from fine-grained cohesive beds characterized by relatively stable DOC distributions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chipman, Lindsay; Huettel, Markus] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Laschet, Matthias] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Huettel, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM lec05d@fsu.edu; mhuettel@fsu.edu; Matthias_Laschet@fws.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-424967, OCE-0726754] FX We thank Yang Wang and Yingfeng Xu for performing the isotopic analyses of our samples at the National High Field Magnetic Laboratory. Katie Higgs assisted with the field sampling. Thanks to Lee Edmiston and the management of St. George State Park for the permission to study at sites within the park boundaries. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-424967, OCE-0726754). NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 45 BP 116 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.010 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007PB UT WOS:000308899500012 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Nanus, L Verdin, KL Schmidt, J AF Clow, David W. Nanus, Leora Verdin, Kristine L. Schmidt, Jeffrey TI Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA DE SWE; snow depth; hydrological modeling; SNODAS; WEBB ID MODEL; STREAMFLOW; FORECASTS; FORESTS; REGIMES; RANGE; BASIN AB The National Weather Service's Snow Data Assimilation (SNODAS) program provides daily, gridded estimates of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and related snow parameters at a 1-km2 resolution for the conterminous USA. In this study, SNODAS snow depth and SWE estimates were compared with independent, ground-based snow survey data in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to assess SNODAS accuracy at the 1-km2 scale. Accuracy also was evaluated at the basin scale by comparing SNODAS model output to snowmelt runoff in 31 headwater basins with US Geological Survey stream gauges. Results from the snow surveys indicated that SNODAS performed well in forested areas, explaining 72% of the variance in snow depths and 77% of the variance in SWE. However, SNODAS showed poor agreement with measurements in alpine areas, explaining 16% of the variance in snow depth and 30% of the variance in SWE. At the basin scale, snowmelt runoff was moderately correlated (R2=0.52) with SNODAS model estimates. A simple method for adjusting SNODAS SWE estimates in alpine areas was developed that uses relations between prevailing wind direction, terrain, and vegetation to account for wind redistribution of snow in alpine terrain. The adjustments substantially improved agreement between measurements and SNODAS estimates, with the R2 of measured SWE values against SNODAS SWE estimates increasing from 0.42 to 0.63 and the root mean square error decreasing from 12 to 6 cm. Results from this study indicate that SNODAS can provide reliable data for input to moderate-scale to large-scale hydrologic models, which are essential for creating accurate runoff forecasts. Refinement of SNODAS SWE estimates for alpine areas to account for wind redistribution of snow could further improve model performance. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Clow, David W.; Nanus, Leora; Verdin, Kristine L.; Schmidt, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nanus, Leora] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 17 SI SI BP 2583 EP 2591 DI 10.1002/hyp.9385 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 983ME UT WOS:000307122600009 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, AM Wanielista, MP Chang, NB Xuan, ZM Harris, WG AF O'Reilly, Andrew M. Wanielista, Martin P. Chang, Ni-Bin Xuan, Zhemin Harris, Willie G. TI Nutrient removal using biosorption activated media: Preliminary biogeochemical assessment of an innovative stormwater infiltration basin SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biological treatment; Biosorption activated media; Nitrate; Phosphorus; Sorption; Stormwater infiltration ID FILTER MEDIA; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; NATURAL SYSTEMS; NITRATE REMOVAL; NITROUS-OXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; WATER-CONTENT; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; SOIL AB Soil beneath a stormwater infiltration basin receiving runoff from a 23 ha predominantly residential watershed in north-central Florida, USA, was amended using biosorption activated media (BAM) to study the effectiveness of this technology in reducing inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to groundwater. The functionalized soil amendment BAM consists of a 1.0:1.9:4.1 mixture (by volume) of tire crumb (to increase sorption capacity), silt and clay (to increase soil moisture retention), and sand (to promote sufficient infiltration), which was applied to develop an innovative stormwater infiltration basin utilizing nutrient reduction and flood control sub-basins. Comparison of nitrate/chloride (NO3-/Cl-) ratios for the shallow groundwater indicates that prior to using BAM, NO3- concentrations were substantially influenced by nitrification or variations in NO3- input. In contrast, for the new basin utilizing BAM, NO3-/Cl- ratios indicate minor nitrification and NO3- losses with the exception of one summer sample that indicated a 45% loss. Biogeochemical indicators (denitrifier activity derived from real-time polymerase chain reaction and variations in major ions, nutrients, dissolved and soil gases, and stable isotopes) suggest that NO3- losses are primarily attributable to denitrification, whereas dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is a minor process. Denitrification was likely occurring intermittently in anoxic microsites in the unsaturated zone, which was enhanced by the increased soil moisture within the BAM layer and resultant reductions in surface/subsurface oxygen exchange that produced conditions conducive to increased denitrifier activity. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus and orthophosphate (PO43-) were reduced by more than 70% in unsaturated zone soil water, with the largest decreases in the BAM layer where sorption was the most likely mechanism for removal. Post-BAM PO43-/Cl- ratios for shallow groundwater indicate predominantly minor increases and decreases in PO43- with the exception of one summer sample that indicated a 50% loss. Differences in nutrient variations between the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater may be the result of the intensity and duration of nutrient removal processes and mixing ratios with water that had undergone little biogeochemical transformation. Observed nitrogen and phosphorus losses demonstrate the potential, as well as the future research needs to improve performance, of the innovative stormwater infiltration basin using BAM for providing passive, economical, stormwater nutrient-treatment technology to support green infrastructure. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Ni-Bin; Xuan, Zhemin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [O'Reilly, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Wanielista, Martin P.] Univ Cent Florida, Water Res Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wanielista, Martin P.] Stormwater Management Acad, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Harris, Willie G.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chang, NB (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,Bldg 91,Suite 442, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM aoreilly@usgs.gov; Martin.Wanielista@ucf.edu; Ni-bin.Chang@ucf.edu; zheminxuan@gmail.com; apatite@ufl.edu RI Xuan, Zhemin /I-9449-2012 FU Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the Marion County (Florida) Board of County Commissioners, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Withlacoochee River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Geological Survey. Monitoring well construction was provided by the St. Johns River Water Management District. The cooperation and experience of E.S. Williams, G. Mowry, T. Straub, CM. Zajac. E.H. Livingston, D. Munch, and R. Brooks were essential to the success of this project and are greatly appreciated. The authors thank U. Naujock for soil moisture retention curve and permeability analyses; M. Selvamani for mechanical particle-size sieve analyses; X. Cao, J. Manohardeep, K. Awuma, G. Kasozi, C. Banik, and S. Balboa for soil mineralogical and chemical analyses; P. Widman for dissolved gas analyses; R.L Smith and D.A. Repert for TIC N2O, CH4, and soil gas analyses; T.B. Coplen for stable isotope analyses of NO3- and water; K. Revesz for stable isotope analyses of DIC and DOC; J.K. Batlike for stable isotope analyses of N2 and valuable advice regarding interpretation of dissolved gas and isotope results; B.G. Katz for valuable advice throughout the project on water sample collection, analysis, and interpretation; P.G. Biscardi for development of the Excel spreadsheet runoff/water-balance model for hydraulic design of the new integrated basin design; M. Goolsby for assistance with water sample collection; and R. Corsiglia for frequent visual monitoring and reporting of the new integrated basin performance. Insightful comments by B.G. Katz and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the quality of the manuscript and are gratefully acknowledged. NR 92 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.083 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998WI UT WOS:000308270700026 PM 22742948 ER PT J AU Schwarzenbach, EM Fruh-Green, GL Bernasconi, SM Alt, JC Shanks, WC Gaggero, L Crispini, L AF Schwarzenbach, Esther M. Frueh-Green, Gretchen L. Bernasconi, Stefano M. Alt, Jeffrey C. Shanks, Wayne C., III Gaggero, Laura Crispini, Laura TI Sulfur geochemistry of peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems: Comparing the Ligurian ophiolites with oceanic serpentinites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; FRACTURE-ZONE; APENNINE OPHIOLITES; CONTINENT BOUNDARY; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; MAR IMPLICATIONS; IBERIAN MARGIN AB Serpentinization processes at slow-and ultraslow-spreading ridges control the exchange of various elements between seawater and the oceanic lithosphere and play a major role in marine geochemical cycles. We use opaque mineral assemblages and sulfur isotope geochemistry to reconstruct variations in fluid fluxes, redox conditions and microbial activity prevailing during serpentinization and carbonate precipitation of serpentinites and ophicalcites from an ophiolite sequence in the Northern Apennines (Italy). We then compare our results with calcite-veined serpentinites from the Iberian Margin formed during the opening of the North Atlantic, and with serpentinites sampled at the active peridotite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field on the Atlantis Massif near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The sulfide and oxide mineral assemblage of the serpentinites from the Northern Apennines is dominated by pyrite, pentlandite, millerite, siegenite, magnetite, and hematite, reflecting relatively oxidizing conditions, while the sulfur geochemistry reveals a dominance of sulfide sulfur over sulfate sulfur. delta S-34 values of sulfide and sulfate indicate that microbial sulfate reduction, leaching, and oxidation are the main processes that affected the sulfur isotope signature of these serpentinites. The opaque mineralogy in the serpentinites from the Northern Apennines is similar to that of the Iberian Margin and the southern wall of the Atlantis Massif, and generally represents the late stages of serpentinization, where intense fluid circulation leads to fairly oxidizing conditions and alkaline fluids lead to carbonate precipitation. However, the mineral assemblages also indicate strong fluctuations in oxygen fugacity, likely caused by volume expansion during serpentinization and tectonic activity along a mid-ocean ridge. Additionally, local enrichment in S-34 in sulfides suggests that fluids interacted at depth with gabbros and subsequently circulated along shear zones, similar to observations along detachment fault surfaces at the Atlantis Massif. Our results, therefore, give further evidence that the ophicalcites and serpentinites from the Northern Apennines formed in a tectonic setting similar to the Atlantis Massif. We estimate a global annual uptake of seawater sulfate of 5.6 to 12 x 10(11) g S by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks exposed to seawater on the ocean floor. We suggest that the thermal structure of the exposed mantle rocks and, in turn, the efficiency of microbes to reduce seawater sulfate to sulfide is a major factor controlling the storage of sulfur in serpentinites. Thus, cycling of sulfur in peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems during the Jurassic was probably very similar to the processes observed today in systems along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwarzenbach, Esther M.; Frueh-Green, Gretchen L.] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bernasconi, Stefano M.] ETH, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gaggero, Laura; Crispini, Laura] Univ Genoa, Dipteris, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RP Schwarzenbach, EM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM esther11@vt.edu RI Bernasconi, Stefano/E-5394-2010; OI Bernasconi, Stefano/0000-0001-7672-8856; Crispini, Laura/0000-0001-5770-8569 FU Swiss SNF [20020-116226, 200020-124669]; NSF EAR [0809000] FX We would like to thank Maria Coray-Strasser, Stewart Bishop, Eric Reusser and Susan Alford for help with analyses and Chiara Boschi and Andrea Dini from the University of Pisa for help with the sample collection. We also would like to thank S. Bottrell and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by Swiss SNF Grants No. 20020-116226 and No. 200020-124669 to Fruh-Green and NSF EAR 0809000 to Alt. NR 119 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 91 BP 283 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.021 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 983LM UT WOS:000307120800018 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Jokiel, PL Rodgers, KS Andersson, AJ Mackenzie, FT AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Jokiel, Paul L. Rodgers, Ku'ulei S. Andersson, Andreas J. Mackenzie, Fred T. TI An apparent "vital effect" of calcification rate on the Sr/Ca temperature proxy in the reef coral Montipora capitata SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE coral growth; sea surface temperature; strontium; trace element proxy; vital effects ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PORITES CORALS; PALEOTEMPERATURE PROXY; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SYMBIOTIC CORAL; GROWTH; CALIBRATION; RATIOS; ARAGONITE AB Measuring the strontium to calcium ratio in coral skeletons reveals information on seawater temperatures during skeletal deposition, but studies have shown additional variables may affect the ratio. Here we measured Sr/Ca in the reef coral Montipora capitata grown in six mesocosms continuously supplied with seawater from the adjacent reef flat. Three mesocosms were ambient controls, and three had seawater chemistry simulating "ocean acidification" (OA). We found that Sr/Ca was not affected by the OA treatment and neither was coral calcification for these small colonies (larger colonies did show an OA effect). The lack of OA effects allowed us to test the hypothesis that coral growth rate can affect Sr/Ca using the natural range in calcification rates of the corals grown at the same temperature. We found that Sr/Ca was inversely related to calcification rate (Sr/Ca = 9.385 - 0.0040 (calcification rate)). Using a previously published calibration curve for this species, a 22 mg d(-1) colony(-1) increase in calcification rate introduced a 1 degrees C warmer temperature estimate, with the 27 corals reporting "temperatures" ranging from 24.9 to 28.9 degrees C, with mean 26.6 +/- 0.9 degrees C standard deviation. Our results lend support to hypotheses invoking kinetic processes and growth rate to explain vital effects on Sr/Ca. However, uncertainty in the slope of the regression of Sr/Ca on calcification and a low R-squared value lead us to conclude that Sr/Ca could still be a useful proxy in this species given sufficient replication or by including growth rate in the calibration. C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Jokiel, Paul L.; Rodgers, Ku'ulei S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Andersson, Andreas J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 FU NSF; USGS; EPA Star; Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative; NOAA National Ocean Service FX We kindly thank Dan Sinclair, Kristine DeLong, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank Jennifer Flannery at the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center for conducting the Sr/Ca analyses. Support for I.B.K.'s efforts on the project was provided by two USGS programs: the Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems program. A.J.A. and F. T. M. were funded by NSF. P.L.J. and K.S.R.'s contributions were supported by the USGS, EPA Star, Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative, and the NOAA National Ocean Service. Any use of trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q08004 DI 10.1029/2012GC004128 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 991XL UT WOS:000307737000001 ER PT J AU Misarti, N Finney, BP Jordan, JW Maschner, HDG Addison, JA Shapley, MD Krumhardt, A Beget, JE AF Misarti, Nicole Finney, Bruce P. Jordan, James W. Maschner, Herbert D. G. Addison, Jason A. Shapley, Mark D. Krumhardt, Andrea Beget, James E. TI Early retreat of the Alaska Peninsula Glacier Complex and the implications for coastal migrations of First Americans SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Deglaciation; First Americans; Coastal migration ID NORTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; ICE-FREE CORRIDOR; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC COAST; MONTE-VERDE; CLOVIS AB The debate over a coastal migration route for the First Americans revolves around two major points: seafaring technology, and a viable landscape and resource base. Three lake cores from Sanak Island in the western Gulf of Alaska yield the first radiocarbon ages from the continental shelf of the Northeast Pacific and record deglaciation nearly 17 ka BP (thousands of calendar years ago), much earlier than previous estimates based on extrapolated data from other sites outside the coastal corridor in the Gulf of Alaska. Pollen data suggest an arid, terrestrial ecosystem by 16.3 ka BP. Therefore glaciers would not have hindered the movement of humans along the southern edge of the Bering Land Bridge for two millennia before the first well-recognized "New World" archaeological sites were inhabited. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Misarti, Nicole] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Jordan, James W.] Antioch Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Keene, NH 03431 USA. [Misarti, Nicole; Maschner, Herbert D. G.] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Museum Nat Hist, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Misarti, Nicole; Maschner, Herbert D. G.] Idaho State Univ, Ctr Archaeol Mat & Appl Spect, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Addison, Jason A.; Krumhardt, Andrea; Beget, James E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Misarti, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nmisarti@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU National Science Foundation [NSF OPP 0326584, NSF BE/CNH 0508101, NSF 0817711] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation grants NSF OPP 0326584, NSF BE/CNH 0508101, and NSF 0817711. We would like to thank Dr. Eric Grimm for his advice on deriving the age models of our lake cores. We would also like to thank Dr. Nancy Bigelow for her work with the pollen data. We greatly appreciate assistance and permissions given by the Pauloff Harbor Tribe, the Sanak Corporation and the village of King Cove, Alaska. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 48 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.014 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 995YV UT WOS:000308052100001 ER PT J AU Briggs, AA Young, HS McCauley, DJ Hathaway, SA Dirzo, R Fisher, RN AF Briggs, Amy A. Young, Hillary S. McCauley, Douglas J. Hathaway, Stacie A. Dirzo, Rodolfo Fisher, Robert N. TI Effects of Spatial Subsidies and Habitat Structure on the Foraging Ecology and Size of Geckos SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CHAIN LENGTH; HEMIDACTYLUS-FRENATUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; BODY CONDITION; HOUSE GECKOS; WEB; LIZARDS; ISLAND; COMPETITION AB While it is well established that ecosystem subsidies-the addition of energy, nutrients, or materials across ecosystem boundaries-can affect consumer abundance, there is less information available on how subsidy levels may affect consumer diet, body condition, trophic position, and resource partitioning among consumer species. There is also little information on whether changes in vegetation structure commonly associated with spatial variation in subsidies may play an important role in driving consumer responses to subsidies. To address these knowledge gaps, we studied changes in abundance, diet, trophic position, size, and body condition of two congeneric gecko species (Lepidodactylus spp.) that coexist in palm dominated and native (hereafter dicot dominated) forests across the Central Pacific. These forests differ strongly both in the amount of marine subsidies that they receive from seabird guano and carcasses, and in the physical structure of the habitat. Contrary to other studies, we found that subsidy level had no impact on the abundance of either gecko species; it also did not have any apparent effects on resource partitioning between species. However, it did affect body size, dietary composition, and trophic position of both species. Geckos in subsidized, dicot forests were larger, had higher body condition and more diverse diets, and occupied a much higher trophic position than geckos found in palm dominated, low subsidy level forests. Both direct variation in subsidy levels and associated changes in habitat structure appear to play a role in driving these responses. These results suggest that variation in subsidy levels may drive important behavioral responses in predators, even when their numerical response is limited. Strong changes in trophic position of consumers also suggest that subsidies may drive increasingly complex food webs, with longer overall food chain length. C1 [Briggs, Amy A.; Young, Hillary S.; McCauley, Douglas J.; Dirzo, Rodolfo] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hathaway, Stacie A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Briggs, AA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hyoung@fas.harvard.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Geographic Society; Woods Institute for the Environment; Stanford University FX This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Woods Institute for the Environment, and Stanford University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e41364 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041364 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986XO UT WOS:000307380900010 PM 22899995 ER PT J AU McCoy, SW Kean, JW Coe, JA Tucker, GE Staley, DM Wasklewicz, TA AF McCoy, S. W. Kean, J. W. Coe, J. A. Tucker, G. E. Staley, D. M. Wasklewicz, T. A. TI Sediment entrainment by debris flows: In situ measurements from the headwaters of a steep catchment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID PORE-PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS; OREGON COAST RANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; DEPOSITION; COLORADO; EROSION; LAHAR; USA; MOBILIZATION; LANDSLIDES AB Debris flows can dramatically increase their volume, and hence their destructive potential, by entraining sediment. Yet quantitative constraints on rates and mechanics of sediment entrainment by debris flows are limited. Using an in situ sensor network in the headwaters of a natural catchment we measured flow and bed properties during six erosive debris-flow events. Despite similar flow properties and thicknesses of bed sediment entrained across all events, time-averaged entrainment rates were significantly faster for bed sediment that was saturated prior to flow arrival compared with rates for sediment that was dry. Bed sediment was entrained from the sediment-surface downward in a progressive fashion and occurred during passage of dense granular fronts as well as water-rich, inter-surge flow. En masse failure of bed sediment along the sediment-bedrock interface was never observed. Large-magnitude, high-frequency fluctuations in total normal basal stress were dissipated within the upper 5 cm of bed sediment. Within this near surface layer, concomitant fluctuations in Coulomb frictional resistance are expected, irrespective of the influence of pore fluid pressure or fluctuations in shear stress. If the near-surface sediment was wet as it was overridden by a flow, additional large-magnitude, high-frequency pore pressure fluctuations were measured in the near-surface bed sediment. These pore pressure fluctuations propagated to depth at subsonic rates and in a diffusive manner. The depth to which large excess pore pressures propagated was typically less than 10 cm, but scaled as (D/f(i))(0.5), in which D is the hydraulic diffusivity and f(i) is the frequency of a particular pore pressure fluctuation. Shallow penetration depths of granular-normal-stress fluctuations and excess pore pressures demonstrate that only near-surface bed sediment experiences the full dynamic range of effective-stress fluctuations, and as a result, can be more easily entrained than deeper sediment. These data provide robust tests for mechanical models of entrainment and demonstrate that a debris flow over wet bed sediment will be larger than the same flow over dry bed sediment. C1 [McCoy, S. W.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kean, J. W.; Coe, J. A.; Staley, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wasklewicz, T. A.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC USA. RP McCoy, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Geol Sci, 2200 Colorado Ave,UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM scott.mccoy@colorado.edu OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608; TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 0643240, EAR 0952247]; USGS Landslide Hazards Program FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellowship, NSF grants EAR 0643240 and EAR 0952247, and the USGS Landslide Hazards Program. R. M. Iverson and the Associate Editor J. J. Major are particularly thanked for their insightful and critical reviews that significantly improved the manuscript, as are the reviewers M. Berti, O. Hungr, and V. Manville. Randy Amen provided invaluable guidance during the design and construction of the force plate and William Kean helped design the erosion sensor. We would like to thank Joe Gartner for field assistance and Jonathan McKenna for conducting the grain size analysis. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F03016 DI 10.1029/2011JF002278 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988CI UT WOS:000307465400001 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Stockdon, HF AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Stockdon, Hilary F. TI Probabilistic prediction of barrier-island response to hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODELS; NETWORKS AB Prediction of barrier-island response to hurricane attack is important for assessing the vulnerability of communities, infrastructure, habitat, and recreational assets to the impacts of storm surge, waves, and erosion. We have demonstrated that a conceptual model intended to make qualitative predictions of the type of beach response to storms (e. g., beach erosion, dune erosion, dune overwash, inundation) can be reformulated in a Bayesian network to make quantitative predictions of the morphologic response. In an application of this approach at Santa Rosa Island, FL, predicted dune-crest elevation changes in response to Hurricane Ivan explained about 20% to 30% of the observed variance. An extended Bayesian network based on the original conceptual model, which included dune elevations, storm surge, and swash, but with the addition of beach and dune widths as input variables, showed improved skill compared to the original model, explaining 70% of dune elevation change variance and about 60% of dune and shoreline position change variance. This probabilistic approach accurately represented prediction uncertainty (measured with the log likelihood ratio), and it outperformed the baseline prediction (i.e., the prior distribution based on the observations). Finally, sensitivity studies demonstrated that degrading the resolution of the Bayesian network or removing data from the calibration process reduced the skill of the predictions by 30% to 40%. The reduction in skill did not change conclusions regarding the relative importance of the input variables, and the extended model's skill always outperformed the original model. C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F03015 DI 10.1029/2011JF002326 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988CI UT WOS:000307465400002 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Liang, SL Liu, SG Weng, ES Luo, YQ Hollinger, D Zhang, HC AF Yuan, Wenping Liang, Shunlin Liu, Shuguang Weng, Ensheng Luo, Yiqi Hollinger, David Zhang, Haicheng TI Improving model parameter estimation using coupling relationships between vegetation production and ecosystem respiration SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inversion; Eddy covariance; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Gross primary production; Ecosystem respiration; Parameter estimation ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL CARBON FLUXES; SOIL RESPIRATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; SEASONAL-CHANGES AB Data assimilation techniques and inverse analysis have been applied to extract ecological knowledge from ecosystem observations. However, the number of parameters in ecosystem models that can be constrained is limited by conventional inverse analysis. This study aims to increase the number of parameters that can be constrained in parameter inversions by considering the internal relationships among ecosystem processes. Our previous study has reported thermal adaptation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Ecosystems tend to transfer from a carbon source to sink when the air temperature exceeds the mean annual temperature, and attain their maximum uptake when the temperature reaches the long-term growing season mean. Because NEE is the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), the adaptation of NEE indirectly indicates the coupling relationship between GPP and ER. Five assimilation experiments were conducted with (1) estimated GPP based on eddy flux measurements, (2) estimated GPP and coupling relationship between GPP and ER, (3) observed NEE measurements, (4) observed NEE measurements and internal relationship between GPP and ER and (5) observed NEE, estimated ER and GPP. The results show that the inversion method, using only estimated GPP based on eddy covariance towers, constrained 4 of 16 parameters in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon model, and the improved method using both GPP data and the internal relationship between GPP and ER allowed us to constrain 10 of 16 parameters. The improved method constrained the parameters for ER without additional ER observations, and accordingly improved the model performance substantially for simulating ER. Overall, our method enhances our ability to extract information from ecosystem observations and potentially reduces uncertainty for simulating carbon dynamics across the regional and global scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin; Zhang, Haicheng] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Weng, Ensheng; Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hollinger, David] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yuan, Wenping; Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com RI Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; FU National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China [2012CB955501, 2010CB833504]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2009AA122101]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64355] FX This research was financially supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2012CB955501 and 2010CB833504), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2009AA122101) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Howland research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355. NR 84 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 240 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.027 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 978UB UT WOS:000306770200003 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Price, CV AF Carter, Janet M. Moran, Michael J. Zogorski, John S. Price, Curtis V. TI Factors Associated with Sources, Transport, and Fate of Chloroform and Three Other Trihalomethanes in Untreated Groundwater Used for Drinking Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; WELLS; VOCS AB Multiple lines of evidence for indicating factors associated with the sources, transport, and fate of chloroform and three other trihalomethanes (THMs) in untreated groundwater were revealed by evaluating low-level analytical results and logistic regression results for THMs. Samples of untreated groundwater from wells used for drinking water were collected from 1996-2007 from 2492 wells across the United States and analyzed for chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform by a low-level analytical method implemented in April 1996. Using an assessment level of 0.02 mu g/L, chloroform was detected in 36.5% of public-well samples and 17.6% of domestic-well samples, with most concentrations less than 1 mu g/L. Brominated THMs occurred less frequently than chloroform but more frequently in public-well samples than domestic-well samples. For both public and domestic wells, THMs occurred most frequently in urban areas. Logistic regression analyses showed that the occurrence of THMs was related to nonpoint sources such as urban land use and to point sources like septic systems. The frequent occurrence and concentration distribution pattern of THMs, as well as their frequent co-occurrence with other organic compounds and nitrate, all known to have anthropogenic sources, and the positive associations between THM occurrence and dissolved oxygen and recharge indicate the recycling of water that contains THMs and other anthropogenic contaminants. C1 [Carter, Janet M.; Price, Curtis V.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Moran, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Zogorski, John S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jmcarter@usgs.gov OI Carter, Janet/0000-0002-6376-3473 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 15 BP 8189 EP 8197 DI 10.1021/es301839p PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984OG UT WOS:000307199800037 PM 22799526 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Hart, PE Ruppel, CD AF Brothers, Laura L. Hart, Patrick E. Ruppel, Carolyn D. TI Minimum distribution of subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the US Beaufort Sea continental shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRUDHOE BAY; ARCTIC CANADA; ALASKA; GEOLOGY; BASIN; AREA AB Starting in Late Pleistocene time (similar to 19 ka), sea level rise inundated coastal zones worldwide. On some parts of the present-day circum-Arctic continental shelf, this led to flooding and thawing of formerly subaerial permafrost and probable dissociation of associated gas hydrates. Relict permafrost has never been systematically mapped along the 700-km-long U. S. Beaufort Sea continental shelf and is often assumed to extend to similar to 120 m water depth, the approximate amount of sea level rise since the Late Pleistocene. Here, 5,000 km of multichannel seismic (MCS) data acquired between 1977 and 1992 were examined for high-velocity (>2.3 km s(-1)) refractions consistent with ice-bearing, coarse-grained sediments. Permafrost refractions were identified along <5% of the tracklines at depths of similar to 5 to 470 m below the seafloor. The resulting map reveals the minimum extent of subsea ice-bearing permafrost, which does not extend seaward of 30 km offshore or beyond the 20 m isobath. Citation: Brothers, L. L., P. E. Hart, and C. D. Ruppel (2012), Minimum distribution of subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the U. S. Beaufort Sea continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15501, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052222. C1 [Brothers, Laura L.; Ruppel, Carolyn D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hart, Patrick E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU DOE-USGS [DE-FE0002911]; DOE NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship [DE-FC26-05NT42248] FX This research was sponsored by DOE-USGS Interagency Agreement DE-FE0002911. L. B. was supported by a DOE NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship under DE-FC26-05NT42248. We thank WesternGeco for the digital seismic data; N. Bangs, D. Brothers, T. Collett, P. Rekant, E. Rignot, W. Wood and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments; and S. Dallimore, B. Herman, D. Houseknecht and V. Romanovsky for helpful discussions. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15501 DI 10.1029/2012GL052222 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988BO UT WOS:000307463400003 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Koven, CD Ping, CL Hugelius, G McGuire, AD Camill, P Jorgenson, T Kuhry, P Michaelson, GJ O'Donnell, JA Schuur, EAG Tarnocai, C Johnson, K Grosse, G AF Harden, Jennifer W. Koven, Charles D. Ping, Chien-Lu Hugelius, Gustaf McGuire, A. David Camill, Phillip Jorgenson, Torre Kuhry, Peter Michaelson, Gary J. O'Donnell, Jonathan A. Schuur, Edward A. G. Tarnocai, Charles Johnson, Kristopher Grosse, Guido TI Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; DYNAMICS; TUNDRA; PRODUCTIVITY; STORAGE AB Deep soil profiles containing permafrost (Gelisols) were characterized for organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) stocks to 3 m depths. Using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) we calculate cumulative distributions of active layer thickness (ALT) under current and future climates. The difference in cumulative ALT distributions over time was multiplied by C and N contents of soil horizons in Gelisol suborders to calculate newly thawed C and N. Thawing ranged from 147 PgC with 10 PgN by 2050 (representative concentration pathway RCP scenario 4.5) to 436 PgC with 29 PgN by 2100 (RCP 8.5). Organic horizons that thaw are vulnerable to combustion, and all horizon types are vulnerable to shifts in hydrology and decomposition. The rates and extent of such losses are unknown and can be further constrained by linking field and modelling approaches. These changes have the potential for strong additional loading to our atmosphere, water resources, and ecosystems. Citation: Harden, J. W., et al. (2012), Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15704, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051958. C1 [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Koven, Charles D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ping, Chien-Lu; Michaelson, Gary J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Hugelius, Gustaf; Kuhry, Peter] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Camill, Phillip] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, Phillip] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Jorgenson, Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Schuur, Edward A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Tarnocai, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Johnson, Kristopher] USDA, Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014 OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065 FU Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network; USGS; DOE/BER [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Swedish Research Council FX This collaboration was supported by the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network and its numerous funding agencies. We also acknowledge USGS, DOE/BER DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Swedish Research Council. We gratefully acknowledge helpful reviews by Julie Jastrow and Kristen Manies. NR 41 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 12 U2 142 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15704 DI 10.1029/2012GL051958 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988BO UT WOS:000307463400002 ER PT J AU Okubo, CH AF Okubo, Chris H. TI Spatial distribution of damage around faults in the Joe Lott Tuff Member of the Mount Belknap Volcanics, Utah: A mechanical analog for faulting in pyroclastic deposits on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; BEDDING-PLANE SLIP; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; VALLES-MARINERIS; DEFORMATION BANDS; FLUID-FLOW; ZONE DEFORMATION; BISHOP-TUFF; NEW-MEXICO AB Volcanic ash is thought to comprise a large fraction of the Martian equatorial layered deposits and much new insight into the process of faulting and related fluid flow in these deposits can be gained through the study of analogous terrestrial tuffs. This study identifies a set of fault-related processes that are pertinent to understanding the evolution of fault systems in fine-grained, poorly indurated volcanic ash by investigating exposures of faults in the Miocene-aged Joe Lott Tuff Member of the Mount Belknap Volcanics, Utah. The porosity and granularity of the host rock are found to control the style of localized strain that occurs prior to and contemporaneous with faulting. Deformation bands occur in tuff that was porous and granular at the time of deformation, while fractures formed where the tuff lost its porous and granular nature due to silicic alteration. Non-localized deformation of the host rock is also prominent and occurs through compaction of void space, including crushing of pumice clasts. Significant off-fault damage of the host rock, resembling fault pulverization, is recognized adjacent to one analog fault and may reflect the strain rate dependence of the resulting fault zone architecture. These findings provide important new guidelines for future structural analyses and numerical modeling of faulting and subsurface fluid flow through volcanic ash deposits on Mars. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cokubo@usgs.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH09AL56I] FX This work was made possible with the generous help of several individuals. T. Gaither and J. Hagerty assisted with collection of the SEM and XRD data. J. Connolly performed the XRD analyses. T. Felger assisted with the petrographic analyses. G. Cushing provided support in the field. Thoughtful reviews by E. Hauber and an anonymous reviewer helped to focus this discussion. J. Blue, C. Dundas, J. Hagerty and J. Richie assisted with the USGS internal review of this document (IP-031807). This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH09AL56I issued through the Mars Fundamental Research Program. NR 119 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E08003 DI 10.1029/2012JE004105 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 988DH UT WOS:000307467900002 ER PT J AU Breithaupt, JL Smoak, JM Smith, TJ Sanders, CJ Hoare, A AF Breithaupt, Joshua L. Smoak, Joseph M. Smith, Thomas J., III Sanders, Christian J. Hoare, Armando TI Organic carbon burial rates in mangrove sediments: Strengthening the global budget SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; WETLAND SOILS; ELEVATED CO2; ACCUMULATION; FORESTS; MATTER; ECOSYSTEMS; BALANCE AB Mangrove wetlands exist in the transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments and as such were historically overlooked in discussions of terrestrial and marine carbon cycling. In recent decades, mangroves have increasingly been credited with producing and burying large quantities of organic carbon (OC). The amount of available data regarding OC burial in mangrove soils has more than doubled since the last primary literature review (2003). This includes data from some of the largest, most developed mangrove forests in the world, providing an opportunity to strengthen the global estimate. First-time representation is now included for mangroves in Brazil, Colombia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Thailand, along with additional data from Mexico and the United States. Our objective is to recalculate the centennial-scale burial rate of OC at both the local and global scales. Quantification of this rate enables better understanding of the current carbon sink capacity of mangroves as well as helps to quantify and/or validate the other aspects of the mangrove carbon budget such as import, export, and remineralization. Statistical analysis of the data supports use of the geometric mean as the most reliable central tendency measurement. Our estimate is that mangrove systems bury 163 (+40; -31) g OC m(-2) yr(-1) (95% C.I.). Globally, the 95% confidence interval for the annual burial rate is 26.1 (+6.3; -5.1) Tg OC. This equates to a burial fraction that is 42% larger than that of the most recent mangrove carbon budget (2008), and represents 10-15% of estimated annual mangrove production. This global rate supports previous conclusions that, on a centennial time scale, 8-15% of all OC burial in marine settings occurs in mangrove systems. C1 [Breithaupt, Joshua L.; Smoak, Joseph M.; Hoare, Armando] Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Sanders, Christian J.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Geoquim, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. RP Smoak, JM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Sci Policy & Geog, 140 7th Ave S,DAV 258, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM smoak@mail.usf.edu RI Breithaupt, Joshua/G-9841-2012; Sanders, Christian/J-6756-2012; Smoak, Donny/E-2140-2012; OI Smoak, Joseph/0000-0002-4322-4042 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409]; CAPES; FAPERJ [E-26/101.952/2009] FX Discussions with faculty and students involved in the Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research program (supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DBI-0620409) are gratefully acknowledged. CAPES and FAPERJ support (grant E-26/101.952/2009) was given to C.J.S. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 58 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 10 U2 115 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 4 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB3011 DI 10.1029/2012GB004375 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988FB UT WOS:000307473100001 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Harvey, JW McPhillips, LE AF O'Connor, Ben L. Harvey, Judson W. McPhillips, Lauren E. TI Thresholds of flow-induced bed disturbances and their effects on stream metabolism in an agricultural river SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; HEADWATER STREAMS; SEDIMENT; HETEROGENEITY; RESPIRATION; RESILIENCE; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENTS AB Storm-driven flow pulses in rivers destroy and restructure sediment habitats that affect stream metabolism. This study examined thresholds of bed disturbances that affected patch-and reach-scale sediment conditions and metabolism rates. A 4 year record of discharge and diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations (Delta DO) was analyzed for disturbances and recovery periods of the Delta DO signal. Disturbances to the Delta DO signal were associated with flow pulses, and the recovery times for the Delta DO signal were found to be in two categories: less than 5 days (30% of the disturbances) or greater than 15 days (70% of the disturbances). A field study was performed during the fall of 2007, which included a storm event that increased discharge from 3.1 to 6.9 m(3)/s over a 7 h period. During stable flow conditions before the storm, variability in patch-scale stream metabolism values were associated with sediment texture classes with values ranging from -16.4 to 2.3 g O-2/m(2)/d (negative sign indicates net respiration) that bounded the reach-averaged rate of -5.6 g O-2/m(2)/d. Hydraulic modeling of bed shear stresses demonstrated a storm-induced flow pulse mobilized approximately 25% of the bed and reach-scale metabolism rates shifted from -5 to -40 g O-2/m(2)/d. These results suggest that storm-induced bed disturbances led to threshold behavior with respect to stream metabolism. Small flow pulses resulted in partial-bed mobilization that disrupted stream metabolism by increased turbidity with short recovery times. Large flow pulses resulted in full-bed mobilization that disrupted stream metabolism by destroying periphyton habitats with long recovery times. C1 [O'Connor, Ben L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [McPhillips, Lauren E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,EVS Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM boconnor@anl.gov RI McPhillips, Lauren/A-8605-2013; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI McPhillips, Lauren/0000-0002-4990-7979; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award; National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA); National Research programs of the USGS; NSF [EAR0810140, EAR 0814990] FX This study was performed while B. L. O'Connor held a National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Reston, Virginia. L. E. McPhillips was a research associate at the USGS when the study was performed. Funding for the study was provided by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and National Research programs of the USGS, and NSF awards EAR0810140 and EAR 0814990 to USGS (J.W.H.). Field and logistical assistance was provided by Dan Nowacki, Leanna Westfall, Steve Kalkhoff, Dan Christiansen, and Mark Munn. Earlier versions of this manuscript were improved thanks to comments by Steve Kalkhoff and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W08504 DI 10.1029/2011WR011488 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 984IO UT WOS:000307183500001 ER PT J AU Pross, J Contreras, L Bijl, PK Greenwood, DR Bohaty, SM Schouten, S Bendle, JA Rohl, U Tauxe, L Raine, JI Huck, CE van de Flierdt, T Jamieson, SSR Stickley, CE van de Schootbrugge, B Escutia, C Brinkhuis, H Dotti, CE Klaus, A Fehr, A Williams, T Bendle, JAP Carr, SA Dunbar, RB Gonzalez, JJ Hayden, TG Iwai, M Jimenez-Espejo, FJ Katsuki, K Kong, GS Mckay, RM Nakai, M Olney, MP Passchier, S Pekar, SF Pross, J Riesselman, CR Rohl, U Sakai, T Shrivastava, PK Stickley, CE Sugisaki, S Tauxe, L Tuo, S Van De Flierdt, T Welsh, K Yamane, M AF Pross, Joerg Contreras, Lineth Bijl, Peter K. Greenwood, David R. Bohaty, Steven M. Schouten, Stefan Bendle, James A. Roehl, Ursula Tauxe, Lisa Raine, J. Ian Huck, Claire E. van de Flierdt, Tina Jamieson, Stewart S. R. Stickley, Catherine E. van de Schootbrugge, Bas Escutia, Carlota Brinkhuis, Henk Dotti, Carlota Escutia Klaus, Adam Fehr, Annick Williams, Trevor Bendle, James A. P. Carr, Stephanie A. Dunbar, Robert B. Gonzalez, Jhon J. Hayden, Travis G. Iwai, Masao Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J. Katsuki, Kota Kong, Gee Soo McKay, Robert M. Nakai, Mutsumi Olney, Matthew P. Passchier, Sandra Pekar, Stephen F. Pross, Jorg Riesselman, Christina R. Rohl, Ursula Sakai, Toyosaburo Shrivastava, Prakash K. Stickley, Catherine E. Sugisaki, Saiko Tauxe, Lisa Tuo, Shouting van de Flierdt, Tina Welsh, Kevin Yamane, Masako CA Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI Persistent near-tropical warmth on the Antarctic continent during the early Eocene epoch SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL PALEOCLIMATE; POLAR FORESTS; TERTIARY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SENSITIVITY; PALEOGENE; CLIMATES; FLORAS AB The warmest global climates of the past 65 million years occurred during the early Eocene epoch (about 55 to 48 million years ago), when the Equator-to-pole temperature gradients weremuch smaller than today(1,2) and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were in excess of one thousand parts per million by volume(3,4). Recently the early Eocene has received considerable interest because it may provide insight into the response of Earth's climate and biosphere to the high atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are expected in the near future(5) as a consequence of unabated anthropogenic carbon emissions(4,6). Climatic conditions of the early Eocene 'greenhouse world', however, are poorly constrained in critical regions, particularly Antarctica. Here we present a well-dated record of early Eocene climate on Antarctica from an ocean sediment core recovered off the Wilkes Land coast of East Antarctica. The information from biotic climate proxies (pollen and spores) and independent organic geochemical climate proxies (indices based on branched tetraether lipids) yields quantitative, seasonal temperature reconstructions for the early Eocene greenhouse world on Antarctica. We show that the climate in lowland settings along the Wilkes Land coast (at a palaeolatitude of about 70 degrees south) supported the growth of highly diverse, near-tropical forests characterized by mesothermal to megathermal floral elements including palms and Bombacoideae. Notably, winters were extremely mild (warmer than 10 degrees C) and essentially frost-free despite polar darkness, which provides a critical new constraint for the validation of climate models and for understanding the response of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems to increased carbon dioxide forcing. C1 [Pross, Joerg; Contreras, Lineth; van de Schootbrugge, Bas] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Paleoenvironm Dynam Grp, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Pross, Joerg] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bijl, Peter K.; Brinkhuis, Henk] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, Lab Palaeobot & Palynol, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Greenwood, David R.] Brandon Univ, Dept Biol, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. [Bohaty, Steven M.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Schouten, Stefan] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Organ Biogeochem, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Bendle, James A.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow Mol Organ Geochem Lab, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Roehl, Ursula] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Tauxe, Lisa] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Raine, J. Ian] GNS Sci, Dept Paleontol, Lower Hutt 6009, New Zealand. [Huck, Claire E.; van de Flierdt, Tina] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Jamieson, Stewart S. R.] Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Stickley, Catherine E.] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Escutia, Carlota] Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18100, Spain. [Dotti, Carlota Escutia; Gonzalez, Jhon J.] CSIC Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Campus Fuentenueva S N, Granada 18002, Spain. [Klaus, Adam] Texas A&M Univ, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, United States Implementing Org, 1000 Discovery Dr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fehr, Annick] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Appl Geophys & Geothermal Energy, Mathieustrass 6, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Williams, Trevor] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ Columbia Univ, Borehole Res Grp, POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bendle, James A. P.] Univ Glasgow, Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G128QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Carr, Stephanie A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dunbar, Robert B.; Riesselman, Christina R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, 325 Braun Hall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hayden, Travis G.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geol, 1187 Rood Hall,1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Iwai, Masao] Kochi Univ, Dept Nat Sci, 2-5-1 Akebono cho, Kochi 7808520, Japan. [Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, Natsushima Cho 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Katsuki, Kota] Kochi Univ, Marine Ctr Adv Core Res, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. [Kong, Gee Soo] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Res Div, 30 Gajeong Dong, Daejeon 305350, South Korea. [McKay, Robert M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Nakai, Mutsumi] Daito Bunka Univ, Dept Educ, Itabashi Ku, 1-9-1 Takashima Daira, Tokyo 1758571, Japan. [Olney, Matthew P.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Passchier, Sandra] Montclair State Univ, Earth & Environm Studies, 252 Mallory Hall,1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Pekar, Stephen F.] Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Pross, Jorg] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosciences, Paleoenvironmental Dynam Grp, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Pross, Jorg] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rohl, Ursula] Univ Bremen, MARUM, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sakai, Toyosaburo] Utsunomiya Univ, Dept Geol, 350 Mine Machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, Japan. [Shrivastava, Prakash K.] Geol Survey India, Antarct Div, NH5P, NIT, Faridabad 121001, Harlyana, India. [Stickley, Catherine E.] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Sugisaki, Saiko] Grad Univ Adv Study, Dept Polar Sci, 10-3 Midori Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Tauxe, Lisa] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Tuo, Shouting] Tongji Univ, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, 1239 Spring Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [van de Flierdt, Tina] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Welsh, Kevin] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Yamane, Masako] Univ Tokyo, Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J.] CSIC Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain. [Riesselman, Christina R.] Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sugisaki, Saiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Bldg 4F,2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Pross, J (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Paleoenvironm Dynam Grp, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM joerg.pross@em.uni-frankfurt.de RI Jamieson, Stewart/B-8330-2013; Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015; McKay, Robert/N-2449-2015; Greenwood, David/C-2758-2008; Raine, James/D-5124-2009; Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco /F-4486-2016; Passchier, Sandra/B-1993-2008; Rohl, Ursula/G-5986-2011; OI Jamieson, Stewart/0000-0002-9036-2317; Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619; McKay, Robert/0000-0002-5602-6985; Greenwood, David/0000-0002-8569-9695; Raine, James/0000-0001-5294-2102; Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco /0000-0002-0335-8580; Passchier, Sandra/0000-0001-7204-7025; Rohl, Ursula/0000-0001-9469-7053; Welsh, Kevin/0000-0002-4834-4190 FU US National Science Foundation; German Research Foundation [PR 651/10, RO 1113/6]; Biodiversity and Climate Research Center of the Hessian Initiative for Scientific and Economic Excellence; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [DG 311934]; Natural Environment Research Council [Ne/J019801/1, Ne/I00646X/1, Ne/I006257/1]; US National Science Foundation [OCE 1058858]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX This research used samples and data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). The IODP is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation and participating countries under the management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Financial support for this research was provided by the German Research Foundation, to J.P. (grant PR 651/10) and U. R. (grant RO 1113/6); the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center of the Hessian Initiative for Scientific and Economic Excellence, to J.P.; the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, to H. B. and S. S. (VICI grant); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, to D. R. G. (grant DG 311934); the Natural Environment Research Council, to S. M. B. (grant Ne/J019801/1), J.A.B. (grant Ne/I00646X/1) and T.v.d.F. (grant Ne/I006257/1); the US National Science Foundation, to L. T. (grant OCE 1058858); and the New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation, to J.I.R.. We thank J. Francis, S. Gollner and M. Huber for discussions, and B. Coles, E. Hopmans, K. Kreissig, A. Mets, J. Ossebaar, B. Schminke, J. Treehorn and N. Welters for technical support. NR 30 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 100 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 488 IS 7409 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1038/nature11300 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ZE UT WOS:000307010700035 PM 22859204 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Munoz, L Garcia-Guinea, J Zagorsky, VY Juwono, T Modreski, PJ Cremades, A Van Tendeloo, G de Moura, OJM AF Sanchez-Munoz, Luis Garcia-Guinea, Javier Zagorsky, Victor Ye. Juwono, Tjipto Modreski, Peter J. Cremades, Ana Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf de Moura, Odulio J. M. TI THE EVOLUTION OF TWIN PATTERNS IN PERTHITIC K-FELDSPAR FROM GRANITIC PEGMATITES SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE orthoclase; microcline; twinning; optical microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; micro-Raman spectroscopy; complex systems; self-organization ID ALKALI FELDSPARS; MICROCLINE; MINERALS; SANIDINE; CRYSTAL; SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION; PHASE AB K-feldspar in rocks is commonly seen as a heterogeneous mixture of mineral species and varieties with random microstructures. Most consider that observable features arise from incomplete re-equilibrations owing to slow kinetic and localized effects of aqueous fluids (catalyst), with geological environment and chemical impurities playing only a secondary role. Here, an alternative approach is explored by studying well-preserved regularities in the twin patterns of K-feldspar formed in the subsolidus stage from a historical perspective. Selected samples from granitic pegmatites were studied by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM), electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cathodoluminescence imaging (CL), micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We have found that the essential feature of this crystalline medium is the astounding ability to recrystallize into self-organized twin patterns. The mechanism involves coupling between short-range atomic motions and long-range displacive correlations propagated as ideal and non-ideal Albite and Pericline orientations. We suggest a general evolutionary process to explain the development of macroscopic twin patterns in microcline, based on three twin generations as microtwins, macrotwins and cryptotwins. Evolutionary variants also were identified; they depend on both internal crystallochemical features and an external geological stimulus. We suggest a continuous monoclinic-triclinic transformation for impure K-feldspar, whereas a discontinuous inversion occurs where the starting composition is close to the ideal chemical formula. Twin patterns can evolve by twin coarsening to single-orientation microcline if the system "releases" energy, or by twin fragmentation to finely twinned microcline if the system "stores" energy. Hence, K-feldspar is seen here as a very sensitive medium in which precious geological information is recorded in the form of twin patterns, and thus useful for general geological challenges. C1 [Sanchez-Munoz, Luis] CSIC, Inst Ceram & Glasses, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Garcia-Guinea, Javier] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Zagorsky, Victor Ye.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Ap Vinogradov Geochem Inst, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Juwono, Tjipto] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Modreski, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Cremades, Ana] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, Dept Fis & Mat, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf] Univ Antwerp, RUCA, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Sanchez-Munoz, L (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ceram & Glasses, Campus Cantoblanco,Kelsen 5, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM lsm@icv.csic.es RI Sanchez-Munoz, Luis/I-1003-2015; Cremades, Ana/B-3771-2011; OI Sanchez-Munoz, Luis/0000-0003-4264-4501; Cremades, Ana/0000-0002-0473-5093; Garcia-Guinea, Javier/0000-0003-1848-3138 FU [MAT2010-17753]; [MAT2010-21088-C03-01] FX This work has been supported in part by MAT2010-17753 and MAT2010-21088-C03-01 projects. Isabel Sobrados and Jesus Sanz, from Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC) are thanked for the NMR spectra. We thank two anonymous reviewers for the suggestions and comments, and guest editor David London and Robert F. Martin for their help in improving this work. LSM thanks Petr Cerny for his efforts in communicating his ideas with such clarity for so many years. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 989 EP 1024 DI 10.3749/canmin.50.4.989 PG 36 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 079MK UT WOS:000314174400015 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Scott, NJ Bury, RB Dodd, CK McDiarmid, RW AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Scott, Norman J., Jr. Bury, R. Bruce Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. McDiarmid, Roy W. TI A HISTORY OF HERPETOLOGISTS AND HERPETOLOGY IN THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; Fish and Wildlife Service; herpetology; herpetologists; National Biological Service; National Biological Survey; National Park Service; US Department of the Interior ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; MANGROVE DIAMONDBACK TERRAPINS; TURTLE STERNOTHERUS-DEPRESSUS; SHENANDOAH NATIONAL-PARK; RANGING DESERT TORTOISES; FROGS RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES AB The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) has a long and distinguished history of employing herpetologists to conduct basic and applied research to better manage amphibian and reptile populations on public lands and even outside the boundaries of the United States. This history extends back over 125 years with roots in the U.S. Biological Survey, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service and later, the National Biological Service. In more recent times, the DOI employed more professional herpetologists than any single organization in the world, especially in the U.S. Geological Survey. In 1938, Henry Fitch was the first Interior scientist hired who conducted substantial herpetological research. William and Lucille Stickel of the Fish and Wildlife Service conducted herpetological research throughout the period from the 1940s-1980s but most DOI herpetologists were hired from 1975-80 with another hiring spike from 2000-2005. The former spike was congruent with early versions of the Endangered Species Act while the latter reflected growing recognition of global amphibian decline and the creation of the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative in DOI. Collectively, these herpetologists produced hundreds of books, scientific publications and other scholarly publications, many of which are classics in the literature. In addition, many have served as officers and on the boards of numerous scientific societies particularly those specializing in amphibian and reptile research. The DOI shows a continuing commitment to funding herpetological research by hiring young scientists to replace the aging ranks of herpetologists who started their careers in the 1970s. This commitment is critical given the global decline of both amphibians and reptiles, including those found on public lands in the United States. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Scott, Norman J., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Piedras Blancas Field Stn, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. [Bury, R. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [McDiarmid, Roy W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS 9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; amphibscott@gmail.com; buryb@usgs.gov; terrapene600@gmail.com; mcdiarmr@si.edu OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 441 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 25 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 7 BP 1 EP 45 PG 45 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 087SG UT WOS:000314782200001 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG AF MacCracken, James G. TI Pacific Walrus and climate change: observations and predictions SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; habitat change; mitigation; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; scenario analyses; subsistence harvest and culture ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-DIVERGENS; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; ICE; CHUKCHI; CO2; CONSERVATION AB The extent and duration of sea-ice habitats used by Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are diminishing resulting in altered walrus behavior, mortality, and distribution. I document changes that have occurred over the past several decades and make predictions to the end of the 21st century. Climate models project that sea ice will monotonically decline resulting in more ice-free summers of longer duration. Several stressors that may impact walruses are directly influenced by sea ice. How these stressors materialize were modeled as most likely-case, worst-case, and best-case scenarios for the mid- and late-21st century, resulting in four comprehensive working hypotheses that can help identify and prioritize management and research projects, identify comprehensive mitigation actions, and guide monitoring programs to track future developments and adjust programs as needed. In the short term, the most plausible hypotheses predict a continuing northward shift in walrus distribution, increasing use of coastal haulouts in summer and fall, and a population reduction set by the carrying capacity of the near shore environment and subsistence hunting. Alternatively, under worst-case conditions, the population will decline to a level where the probability of extinction is high. In the long term, walrus may seasonally abandon the Bering and Chukchi Seas for sea-ice refugia to the northwest and northeast, ocean warming and pH decline alter walrus food resources, and subsistence hunting exacerbates a large population decline. However, conditions that reverse current trends in sea ice loss cannot be ruled out. Which hypothesis comes to fruition depends on how the stressors develop and the success of mitigation measures. Best-case scenarios indicate that successful mitigation of unsustainable harvests and terrestrial haulout-related mortalities can be effective. Management and research should focus on monitoring, elucidating effects, and mitigation, while ultimately, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are needed to reduce sea-ice habitat losses. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS-341, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_maccracken@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 110 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 19 U2 155 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 2 IS 8 BP 2072 EP 2090 DI 10.1002/ece3.317 PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055WN UT WOS:000312448700026 PM 22957206 ER PT J AU Reyes, JC Kalkan, E AF Reyes, Juan C. Kalkan, Erol TI How Many Records Should Be Used in an ASCE/SEI-7 Ground Motion Scaling Procedure? SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY MEASURES; NEAR-SOURCE AB U.S. national building codes refer to the ASCE/SEI-7 provisions for selecting and scaling ground motions for use in nonlinear response history analysis of structures. Because the limiting values for the number of records in the ASCE/SEI-7 are based on engineering experience, this study examines the required number of records statistically, such that the scaled records provide accurate, efficient, and consistent estimates of "true" structural responses. Based on elastic perfectly plastic and bilinear single-degree-of-freedom systems, the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is applied to 480 sets of ground motions; the number of records in these sets varies from three to ten. As compared to benchmark responses, it is demonstrated that the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is conservative if fewer than seven ground motions are employed. Utilizing seven or more randomly selected records provides more accurate estimate of the responses. Selecting records based on their spectral shape and design spectral acceleration increases the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure. [DOI : 10.1193/1.4000066] C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reyes, Juan C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jureyes@uniandes.edu.co; ekalkan@usgs.gov RI Reyes, Juan/R-3055-2016 OI Reyes, Juan/0000-0003-0690-2956 FU Universidad de los Andes FX Juan C. Reyes would like to acknowledge the generous support of Universidad de los Andes for providing him the financial support for this investigation. We would like to thank Anil K. Chopra, Charlie Kircher, Nico Luco, Rui Chen, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 1223 EP 1242 DI 10.1193/1.4000066 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 031OP UT WOS:000310651900018 ER PT J AU Garcia, CM Tarrab, L Oberg, K Szupiany, R Cantero, MI AF Garcia, Carlos M. Tarrab, Leticia Oberg, Kevin Szupiany, Ricardo Cantero, Mariano I. TI Variance of Discharge Estimates Sampled Using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers from Moving Platforms SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent flow; Flow measurement; Acoustic techniques; Uncertainty principles ID ADCP MEASUREMENTS; TURBULENCE; ERRORS AB This paper presents a model for quantifying the random errors (i.e., variance) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving platforms associated with different sampling times. The model focuses on the random processes in the sampled flow field and has been developed using statistical methods that are currently available for the uncertainty analysis of velocity time series. Analysis of field data that were collected using ADCP from moving platforms from three natural rivers of varying sizes and flow conditions shows that, even though the estimate of the integral time scale of the actual turbulent flow field is larger than the sampling interval, the integral time scale of the sampled flow field is in keeping with the sampling interval. Thus, an equation for computing the variance error in discharge measurements associated with different sampling times, assuming uncorrelated flow fields, is appropriate. The approach is used to help define optimal sampling strategies by choosing the exposure time required for ADCPs to accurately measure flow discharge. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Garcia, Carlos M.; Tarrab, Leticia] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, CONICET, Ctr Estudios & Tecnol Agua, Cordoba, Argentina. [Oberg, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Szupiany, Ricardo] Univ Nacl Litoral, CIEGRI, Fac Ingn Ciencias Hidr, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. [Cantero, Mariano I.] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Inst Balseiro, CONICET, Ctr Atom Bariloche,Comis Nacl Energia Atom, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Garcia, CM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, CONICET, Ctr Estudios & Tecnol Agua, Av Filloy S-N, Cordoba, Argentina. EM cgarcia2mjc@gmail.com; mcantero@cab.cnea.gov.ar FU USGS, Office of Surface Water FX The authors acknowledge the funding and support from the USGS, Office of Surface Water. They also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Chris Rehmann, Iowa State University, for his constructive comments that inspired this work. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2012 VL 138 IS 8 BP 684 EP 694 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 024ZD UT WOS:000310149900002 ER PT J AU Baston, S Olabarrieta, M Lomonaco, P Mendez, FJ Medina, R AF Baston, Susana Olabarrieta, Maitane Lomonaco, Pedro Mendez, Fernando J. Medina, Raul TI Tsunami Response in Semienclosed Tidal Basins Using an Aggregated Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE 1D model; Tsunami; Coastal lagoon; Coastal flooding; Concatenated bays ID MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS AB An aggregated model to evaluate tsunami response in semienclosed water bodies is presented in this work. The model is based on one-dimensional shallow water equations and can include long-wave external forcing such as a tsunami. It has been successfully validated against experimental data from a physical model, and its predictions for a case study have been compared with results from the Cornell multigrid coupled tsunami (COMCOT) model. The model can be used as a predictive tool because a calibration using a theoretical value for expansion and contraction losses has been performed and differences with the typical calibration are less than 10%, which is considered acceptable. This allows using the model in the absence of measured data, which is very difficult to obtain in case of a tsunami event. A case study for the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain) has been simulated with the COMCOT model. The aggregated model predicted the response for a harbor more accurately than for estuarine systems with tidal flats. Nevertheless, the aggregated model has been demonstrated as a useful general tool to predict the response of semienclosed tidal basins to a tsunami event, and hybrid models coupling advanced models to simulate ocean tsunami propagation with the model presented here would be useful in developing coastal warning alert systems. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000573. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Olabarrieta, Maitane; Lomonaco, Pedro; Mendez, Fernando J.; Medina, Raul] Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain. [Baston, Susana] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, ICIT, Orkney KW16 3AW, England. [Olabarrieta, Maitane] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mendez, FJ (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, C Isabel Torres 15 Parque Cient & Tecnol Cantabri, Santander 39011, Spain. EM mendezf@unican.es RI Medina, Raul/L-2456-2014; OI Medina, Raul/0000-0002-0126-2710; Mendez, Fernando/0000-0002-5005-1100; Baston Meira, Susana/0000-0001-7326-8495 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2012 VL 138 IS 8 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000573 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 024ZD UT WOS:000310149900007 ER PT J AU Goward, SN Chander, G Pagnutti, M Marx, A Ryan, R Thomas, N Tetrault, R AF Goward, S. N. Chander, G. Pagnutti, M. Marx, A. Ryan, R. Thomas, N. Tetrault, R. TI Complementarity of ResourceSat-1 AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ sensors SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ResourceSat-1 AWiFS; Landsat Thematic Mapper and Thematic; Mapper Plus; Geometry; Radiometry; BRDF; Agriculture; Forests; CEOS MODRES constellation ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; TIME-SERIES; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; CANOPIES; DATASET; HISTORY; ALBEDO; BRDF AB Considerable interest has been given to forming an international collaboration to develop a virtual moderate spatial resolution land observation constellation through aggregation of data sets from comparable national observatories such as the US Landsat, the Indian ResourceSat and related systems. This study explores the complementarity of India's ResourceSat-1 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) with the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). The analysis focuses on the comparative radiometry, geometry, and spectral properties of the two sensors. Two applied assessments of these data are also explored to examine the strengths and limitations of these alternate sources of moderate resolution land imagery with specific application domains. There are significant technical differences in these imaging systems including spectral band response, pixel dimensions, swath width, and radiometric resolution which produce differences in observation data sets. None of these differences was found to strongly limit comparable analyses in agricultural and forestry applications. Overall, we found that the AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery are comparable and in some ways complementary, particularly with respect to temporal repeat frequency. We have found that there are limits to our understanding of the AWiFS performance, for example, multi-camera design and stability of radiometric calibration over time, that leave some uncertainty that has been better addressed for Landsat through the Image Assessment System and related cross-sensor calibration studies. Such work still needs to be undertaken for AWiFS and similar observatories that may play roles in the Global Earth Observation System of Systems Land Surface Imaging Constellation. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goward, S. N.; Marx, A.; Thomas, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chander, G.] SGT Inc, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pagnutti, M.; Ryan, R.] I2R Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tetrault, R.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Goward, SN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sgoward@umd.edu FU NASA Land-Cover; Land-Use Change (LCLUC) [NNX09AR41G]; US Geological Survey [08HQCN0005]; NASA [NNX09AV47G, NNG05GE55G]; USDA Data Archive FX This work was supported by the NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) Grant NNX09AR41G (Pagnutti and Ryan). The SGT, Inc., work (Chander) was performed under the US Geological Survey contract 08HQCN0005. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The UMD work (Goward, Marx and Thomas) was supported under NASA grants NNX09AV47G (Land Use and Land Cover) and NNG05GE55G (Applied Sciences). The support of the USDA Data Archive is much appreciated in accessing the AWiFS imagery. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.002 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000004 ER PT J AU McCullough, IM Loftin, CS Sader, SA AF McCullough, Ian M. Loftin, Cynthia S. Sader, Steven A. TI Combining lake and watershed characteristics with Landsat TM data for remote estimation of regional lake clarity SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water quality; Maine; New England; Remote sensing; Assessment tool ID WISCONSIN; QUALITY; IMAGERY AB Water clarity is a reliable indicator of lake productivity and an ideal metric of regional water quality. Clarity is an indicator of other water quality variables including chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and trophic status; however, unlike these metrics, clarity can be accurately and efficiently estimated remotely on a regional scale. Remote sensing is useful in regions containing a large number of lakes that are cost prohibitive to monitor regularly using traditional field methods. Field-assessed lakes generally are easily accessible and may represent a spatially irregular, non-random sample of a region. We developed a remote monitoring program for Maine lakes >8 ha (1511 lakes) to supplement existing field monitoring programs. We combined Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) brightness values for TM bands 1 (blue) and 3 (red) to estimate water clarity (secchi disk depth) during 1990-2010. Although similar procedures have been applied to Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes, neither state incorporates physical lake variables or watershed characteristics that potentially affect clarity into their models. Average lake depth consistently improved model fitness, and the proportion of wetland area in lake watersheds also explained variability in clarity in some cases. Nine regression models predicted water clarity (R-2=0.69-0.90) during 1990-2010, with separate models for eastern (TM path 11; four models) and western Maine (TM path 12; five models that captured differences in topography and landscape disturbance. Average absolute difference between model-estimated and observed secchi depth ranged 0.65-1.03 m. Eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes consistently were estimated more accurately than oligotrophic lakes. Our results show that TM bands 1 and 3 can be used to estimate regional lake water clarity outside the Great Lakes Region and that the accuracy of estimates is improved with additional model variables that reflect physical lake characteristics and watershed conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McCullough, Ian M.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sader, Steven A.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McCullough, IM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ian.mccullough@maine.edu FU Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP), the University of Maine; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This study was made possible through the support from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP), the University of Maine and the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Field calibration data were made available by the invaluable efforts of citizen volunteers throughout Maine since 1970 under the Maine Volunteer Monitoring Program in conjunction with MDEP. MDEP also provided essential data for lake depth and watershed delineation. Other statewide GIS layers were made available by the Maine Office of GIS. Kasey Legaard, Associate Scientist of Forest Resources at the University of Maine, provided important support in image processing. Dr. Manuel Gimond, GIS & Quantitative Analysis Specialist at Colby College, also provided advice for the GIS methods used in this study. Comments provided by Dr. Aram Calhoun, Dr. William Halteman and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000010 ER PT J AU Riley, P Tikoff, B Hildreth, W AF Riley, P. Tikoff, B. Hildreth, W. TI Transtensional deformation and structural control of contiguous but independent magmatic systems: Mono-Inyo Craters, Mammoth Mountain, and Long Valley Caldera, California SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL WALKER LANE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; BATHOLITHIC ROOT; PLATE BOUNDARY; RANGE PROVINCE; VOLCANIC FIELD AB The Long Valley region of eastern California ( United States) is the site of abundant late Tertiary-present magmatism, including three geochemically distinct stages of magmatism since ca. 3 Ma: Mammoth Mountain, the Mono-Inyo volcanic chain, and Long Valley Caldera. We propose two tectonic models, one explaining the Mammoth Mountain-Mono-Inyo magmatism and the other explaining the presence of Long Valley Caldera. First, the ongoing Mammoth Mountain-Mono-Inyo volcanic chain magmatism is explained by a ridge-transform-ridge system, with the Mono-Inyo volcanic chain acting as one ridge segment and the South Moat fault acting as a transform fault. Implicit in this first model is that this region of eastern California is beginning to act as an incipient plate boundary. Second, the older Long Valley Caldera system is hypothesized to occur in a region of enhanced extension resulting from regional fault block rotation, specifically involving activation of the sinistral faults of the Mina deflection. The tectonic models are consistent with observed spatial and temporal differences in the geochemistry of the regional magmas, and the westward progression of magmatism since ca. 12 Ma. C1 [Riley, P.] ExxonMobil Prod Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Tikoff, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hildreth, W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Riley, P (reprint author), ExxonMobil Prod Co, 800 Bell St, Houston, TX 77002 USA. EM priley@uwalumni.com OI Riley, Pete/0000-0002-1859-456X FU National Science Foundation Earth Sciences division FX The idea for this paper originated on Lookout Mountain in Long Valley Caldera during the "Assembly of Plutons" field forum in 2005 led by J. Bartley, D. Coleman, and A. Glazner. Seth Kruckenberg contributed important advice on figures. We thank an anonymous reviewer, David Hill, and Stephanie Prejean for helpful reviews, and C. Busby for editorial assistance. Tikoff was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences division. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 740 EP 751 DI 10.1130/GES00662.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010PC UT WOS:000309105600001 ER PT J AU Cowgill, E Bernardin, TS Oskin, ME Bowles, C Yikilmaz, MB Kreylos, O Elliott, AJ Bishop, S Gold, RD Morelan, A Bawden, GW Hamann, B Kellogg, LH AF Cowgill, Eric Bernardin, Tony S. Oskin, Michael E. Bowles, Christopher Yikilmaz, M. Burak Kreylos, Oliver Elliott, Austin J. Bishop, Scott Gold, Ryan D. Morelan, Alexander Bawden, Gerald W. Hamann, Bernd Kellogg, Louise H. TI Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; MAYOR-CUCAPAH EARTHQUAKE; OBLIQUE COLLISION; GPS MEASUREMENTS; SEISMIC HAZARD; RUPTURE; DYNAMICS; LIDAR; DEFORMATION; ENVIRONMENT AB The moment magnitude (M-w) 7.0 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake is the first major earthquake for which a large-footprint LiDAR (light detection and ranging) survey was acquired within several weeks of the event. Here, we describe the use of virtual reality data visualization to analyze massive amounts (67 GB on disk) of multiresolution terrain data during the rapid scientific response to a major natural disaster. In particular, we describe a method for conducting virtual field work using both desktop computers and a 4-sided, 22 m(3) CAVE immersive virtual reality environment, along with KeckCAVES (Keck Center for Active Visualization in the Earth Sciences) software tools LiDAR Viewer, to analyze LiDAR point-cloud data, and Crusta, for 2.5 dimensional surficial geologic mapping on a bare-earth digital elevation model. This system enabled virtual field work that yielded remote observations of the topographic expression of active faulting within an similar to 75-km-long section of the eastern Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault spanning the 2010 epicenter. Virtual field observations indicated that the geomorphic evidence of active faulting and ancient surface rupture varies along strike. Landform offsets of 6-50 m along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault east of the 2010 epicenter and closest to Port-au-Prince attest to repeated recent surface-rupturing earthquakes there. In the west, the fault trace is well defined by displaced landforms, but it is not as clear as in the east. The 2010 epicenter is within a transition zone between these sections that extends from Grand Goave in the west to Fayette in the east. Within this transition, between L'Acul (lat 72 degrees 40'W) and the Rouillone River (lat 72 degrees 35'W), the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault is undefined along an embayed low-relief range front, with little evidence of recent surface rupture. Based on the geometry of the eastern and western faults that show evidence of recent surface rupture, we propose that the 2010 event occurred within a stepover that appears to have served as a long-lived boundary between rupture segments, explaining the lack of 2010 surface rupture. This study demonstrates how virtual reality-based data visualization has the potential to transform rapid scientific response by enabling virtual field studies and real-time interactive analysis of massive terrain data sets. C1 [Cowgill, Eric; Oskin, Michael E.; Kreylos, Oliver; Hamann, Bernd; Kellogg, Louise H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, WM Keck Ctr Act Visualizat Earth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bernardin, Tony S.; Kreylos, Oliver; Bishop, Scott; Hamann, Bernd] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gold, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Cowgill, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, WM Keck Ctr Act Visualizat Earth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM escowgill@ucdavis.edu RI Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012 OI Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0753407]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [EOS/03-0663-0306]; W.M. Keck Foundation; University of California, Davis FX Supported by National Science Foundation grant OCI-0753407, National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant EOS/03-0663-0306, the W.M. Keck Foundation, and the University of California, Davis. We thank the Rochester Institute of Technology (New York) for the rapid processing and release of LiDAR data. C. Prentice and A. Crone shared field observations in advance of publication and K. Hudnut facilitated LiDAR imaging along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault. Comments on earlier drafts were provided by R. Briggs, M. Rymer, and R. Haugerud, and an anonymous reviewer. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 787 EP 804 DI 10.1130/GES00687.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010PC UT WOS:000309105600004 ER PT J AU Lamb, AP Liberty, LM Blakely, RJ Pratt, TL Sherrod, BL van Wijk, K AF Lamb, A. P. Liberty, L. M. Blakely, R. J. Pratt, T. L. Sherrod, B. L. van Wijk, K. TI Western limits of the Seattle fault zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS; QUATERNARY FAULTS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; LOWLAND; STATE; MARGIN; UPLIFT AB We present evidence that the Seattle fault zone of Washington State extends to the west edge of the Puget Lowland and is kinematically linked to active faults that border the Olympic Massif, including the Saddle Mountain deformation zone. Newly acquired high-resolution seismic reflection and marine magnetic data suggest that the Seattle fault zone extends west beyond the Seattle Basin to form a >100-km-long active fault zone. We provide evidence for a strain transfer zone, expressed as a broad set of faults and folds connecting the Seattle and Saddle Mountain deformation zones near Hood Canal. This connection provides an explanation for the apparent synchroneity of M7 earthquakes on the two fault systems similar to 1100 yr ago. We redefine the boundary of the Tacoma Basin to include the previously termed Dewatto basin and show that the Tacoma fault, the southern part of which is a backthrust of the Seattle fault zone, links with a previously unidentified fault along the western margin of the Seattle uplift. We model this north-south fault, termed the Dewatto fault, along the western margin of the Seattle uplift as a low-angle thrust that initiated with exhumation of the Olympic Massif and today accommodates north-directed motion. The Tacoma and Dewatto faults likely control both the southern and western boundaries of the Seattle uplift. The inferred strain transfer zone linking the Seattle fault zone and Saddle Mountain deformation zone defines the northern margin of the Tacoma Basin, and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone forms the northwestern boundary of the Tacoma Basin. Our observations and model suggest that the western portions of the Seattle fault zone and Tacoma fault are complex, require temporal variations in principal strain directions, and cannot be modeled as a simple thrust and/or backthrust system. C1 [Lamb, A. P.; Liberty, L. M.; van Wijk, K.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Blakely, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pratt, T. L.; Sherrod, B. L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lamb, AP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey NEHRP award [08HQGR0075]; Geological Society of America Student Research Grant; Boise State University Geosciences Department FX We thank Megan Anderson of Colorado College for providing the gravity data, and C.J. Northrup of Boise State University for his insights into the structure of the region. We also thank Pat Karel, Mike Mitchell, Sam Nillson, Larry Otheim, Andrew Nies, and Nick Suttin for their assistance with field work and processing of the Big Beef, Coho, Feather-Minnig Road, State Route 101, and Hite Road lines, and William Stephenson, Rowland Tabor, and Ralph Haugerud of the U.S. Geological Survey for their reviews and comments. We thank Ken Clark from the University of Puget Sound for sharing information with us about the geology near Bremerton, and Michael Polenz and Trevor Contreras of the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources for their advice, which included sharing draft versions of their geologic map for the Holly 7.5-minute quadrangle. Funding support was provided, in part, by U.S. Geological Survey NEHRP award #08HQGR0075, a 2009 Geological Society of America Student Research Grant, and by Boise State University Geosciences Department. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 915 EP 930 DI 10.1130/GES00780.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010PC UT WOS:000309105600010 ER PT J AU Diaz-Castellon, R Hubbard, BE Carrasco-Nunez, G Rodriguez-Vargas, JL AF Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo Hubbard, Bernard E. Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo Luis Rodriguez-Vargas, Jose TI The origins of Late Quaternary debris avalanche and debris flow deposits from Cofre de Perote volcano, Mexico SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NOVEMBER 1985 ERUPTION; NEVADO-DEL-RUIZ; MOUNT-RAINIER; CLAY-MINERALS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; FUTURE HAZARDS; CASITA-VOLCANO; ALTERED ROCKS; COLOMBIA AB Cofre de Perote volcano is a compound, shield-like volcano located in the northeastern Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Large debris avalanche and lahar deposits are associated with the evolution of Cofre. The two best preserved of these debris-avalanche and debris-flow deposits are the similar to 42 ka "Los Pescados debris flow" deposit and the similar to 11-13 ka "Xico avalanche" deposit, both of which display contrasting morphological and textural characteristics, source materials, origins and emplacement environments. Laboratory X-ray diffraction and visible-infrared reflectance spectroscopy were used to identify the most abundant clay, sulfate, ferric-iron, and silica minerals in the deposits, which were either related to hydrothermal alteration or chemical weathering processes. Cloud-free Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) remote sensing imagery, supporting EO-1 Hyperion image spectra, and field ground truth samples were used to map the mineralogy and distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks on the modern summit of Cofre de Perote. The results were then compared to minerals identified in the two debris-avalanche and debris-flow deposits in order to assess possible source materials and origins for the two deposits. The older Los Pescados debris-flow deposit contains mostly halloysite and hydrous silica minerals, which match the dominant mineralogy of soils and weathered volcanic deposit in the surrounding flanks of Cofre de Perote. Its source materials were most likely derived from initially noncohesive or clay-poor flows, which subsequently bulked with clay-rich valley soils and alluvium in a manner similar to lahars from Nevado del Ruiz in 1985, but on a larger scale. The younger Xico avalanche deposit contains abundant smectite, jarosite, kaolinite, gypsum, and mixed-layered illite/smectite, which are either definitely or most likely of hydrothermal alteration origin. Smectite in particular appears to be the most abundant and spectrally dominant mineral in summit ground truth samples, ASTER mapping results, Xico avalanche deposit, and an older (pre-Xico avalanche) deposit de rived from collapse(s) of ancestral Cofre de Perote edifice. However, both Xico avalanche and Los Pescados debris flow deposits show some evidence of secondary, postemplacement weathering and induration, which is evident by the presence of gibbsite, and hydroxyl interlayered minerals, in addition to recently formed halloysite and hydrous silica (i.e., indurating) cements. Field-based, visible infrared image spectroscopy (VIS/IR) spectral measurements offer the possibility of distinguishing primary minerals of hydrothermal alteration origin in debris-avalanche and debris-flow deposits from those produced either by in situ chemical weathering or bulked from weathered source materials. C1 [Diaz-Castellon, Rodolfo; Carrasco-Nunez, Gerardo; Luis Rodriguez-Vargas, Jose] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Hubbard, Bernard E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Diaz-Castellon, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. EM roddcas@gmail.com FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [44549-F]; "Prospectiva de un ambiente para la formacion professional"-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (PAPIIT-UNAM) [IN106810]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAG-57579, S-10224-X]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Special thanks to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) project no. 44549-F; partial support was provided by "Prospectiva de un ambiente para la formacion professional"-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (PAPIIT-UNAM) grant # IN106810, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NAG-57579 and NASA contract S-10224-X with the U.S. Geological Survey. We also thank the State University of New York at Buffalo for allowing us to use their installations, and Dr. Michael F. Sheridan for his aid on XRD analysis. James Crowley, Jeff Wynn, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that allowed us to improve the manuscript. Gabriel Origel provided additional comments on our ASD analysis. Laboratory technician support at Centro de Geociencias was provided by M.Sc. Sara Solis Valdez. Lic. Teresa Soledad Medina provided an essential review of documented gray literature references. Logistic support was provided by Centro de Geociencias (UNAM). This work is dedicated in loving memory of my father, Rodolfo Senior. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2012 VL 8 IS 4 BP 950 EP 971 DI 10.1130/GES00709.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 010PC UT WOS:000309105600012 ER PT J AU Roach, JK Griffith, B Verbyla, D AF Roach, Jennifer K. Griffith, Brad Verbyla, David TI Comparison of three methods for long-term monitoring of boreal lake area using Landsat TM and ETM plus imagery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATIONS; PONDS AB Programs to monitor lake area change are becoming increasingly important in high latitude regions, and their development often requires evaluating tradeoffs among different approaches in terms of accuracy of measurement, consistency across multiple users over long time periods, and efficiency. We compared three supervised methods for lake classification from Landsat imagery (density slicing, classification trees, and feature extraction). The accuracy of lake area and number estimates was evaluated relative to high-resolution aerial photography acquired within two days of satellite overpasses. The shortwave infrared band 5 was better at separating surface water from nonwater when used alone than when combined with other spectral bands. The simplest of the three methods, density slicing, performed best overall. The classification tree method resulted in the most omission errors (approx. 2x), feature extraction resulted in the most commission errors (approx. 4x), and density slicing had the least directional bias (approx. half of the lakes with overestimated area and half of the lakes with underestimated area). Feature extraction was the least consistent across training sets (i.e., large standard error among different training sets). Density slicing was the best of the three at classifying small lakes as evidenced by its lower optimal minimum lake size criterion of 5850 m(2) compared with the other methods (8550 m(2)). Contrary to conventional wisdom, the use of additional spectral bands and a more sophisticated method not only required additional processing effort but also had a cost in terms of the accuracy and consistency of lake classifications. C1 [Roach, Jennifer K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Verbyla, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Roach, JK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM jroach11@alaska.edu FU USGS; USFWS; UAF Graduate School Thesis Completion Fellowship FX We thank Steve Ewest, Matthew Balasz, and Garrett Altmann for help with image processing; Jeremy Jones and Jennifer Harden for manuscript reviews; and Eric J. Taylor for administrative and funding support. We thank Karen Murphy and the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge for providing high resolution CIR aerial photography. Funding was provided by USGS, USFWS, and a UAF Graduate School Thesis Completion Fellowship. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 38 IS 4 BP 427 EP 440 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 010PK UT WOS:000309106400001 ER PT J AU Klaver, RW Backlund, D Bartelt, PE Erickson, MG Knowles, CJ Knowles, PR Wimberly, MC AF Klaver, Robert W. Backlund, Douglas Bartelt, Paul E. Erickson, Michael G. Knowles, Craig J. Knowles, Pamela R. Wimberly, Michael C. TI SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF NORTHERN GOSHAWK TERRITORIES IN THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; Black Hills; South Dakota; forest management; Northern Goshawk; Ripley's Kfunction; spatial statistics ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; POINT PATTERNS; TOP PREDATORS; NESTING HABITAT; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; OCCUPANCY; HETEROGENEITY AB The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three North American species of Accipiter and is more closely associated with older forests than are the other species. Its reliance on older forests has resulted in concerns about its status, extensive research into its habitat relationships, and litigation. Our objective was to model the spatial patterns of goshawk territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota, to make inferences about the underlying processes. We used a modification of Ripley's K function that accounts for inhomogeneous intensity to determine whether territoriality or habitat determined the spacing of goshawks in the Black Hills, finding that habitat conditions rather than territoriality were the determining factor. A spatial model incorporating basal area of trees in a stand of forest, canopy cover, age of trees >23 cm in diameter, number of trees per hectare, and geographic coordinates provided good fit to the spatial patterns of territories. There was no indication of repulsion at close distances that would imply spacing was determined by territoriality. These findings contrast with those for the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, where territoriality is an important limiting factor. Forest stands where the goshawk nested historically are now younger and have trees of smaller diameter, probably having been modified by logging, fire, and insects. These results have important implications for the goshawk's ecology in the Black Hills with respect to mortality, competition, forest fragmentation, and nest-territory protection. C1 [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Backlund, Douglas] S Dakota Game Fish & Pk, S Dakota Nat Heritage Program, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Bartelt, Paul E.] Waldorf Coll, Dept Biol, Forest City, IA 50436 USA. [Erickson, Michael G.] S Dakota Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. [Knowles, Craig J.; Knowles, Pamela R.] Fauna W Wildlife Consultants, Townsend, MT 59644 USA. [Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Klaver, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bklaver@iastate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 FU Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program R12, South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded through the Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program R12, South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks, and the U.S. Geological Survey. E. Atkinson, C. Cyrus, P. Wood, and T. Jackson assisted with field surveys. We appreciate the help of U.S. Forest Service biologists V. Carlson, S. Miller, T. Clark, P. Lynch, B. Phillips, and C. Staab. We thank J. Squires, J. Yang, S. Patla, and R. Turner for providing helpful comments that improved a previous version of the paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 40 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2012 VL 114 IS 3 BP 532 EP 543 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110080 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 998ZN UT WOS:000308279000011 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR Tibbitts, TL Gill, RE Dementyev, MN Handel, CM AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Tibbitts, T. Lee Gill, Robert E., Jr. Dementyev, Maksim N. Handel, Colleen M. TI SMALL POPULATION SIZE OF THE PRIBILOF ROCK SANDPIPER CONFIRMED THROUGH DISTANCE-SAMPLING SURVEYS IN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Calidris ptilocnemis; conservation; distance sampling; population size; Pribilof Rock Sandpiper ID ST-MATTHEW-ISLAND; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRD SURVEYS; EXTINCTION; VEGETATION; REINDEER AB The Rock Sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis) is endemic to the Bering Sea region and unique among shorebirds in the North Pacific for wintering at high latitudes. The nominate subspecies, the Pribilof Rock Sandpiper (C. p. ptilocnemis), breeds on four isolated islands in the Bering Sea and appears to spend the winter primarily in Cook Inlet, Alaska. We used a stratified systematic sampling design and line-transect method to survey the entire breeding range of this population during springs 2001-2003. Densities were up to four times higher on the uninhabited and more northerly St. Matthew and Hall islands than on St. Paul and St. George islands, which both have small human settlements and introduced reindeer herds. Differences in density, however, appeared to be more related to differences in vegetation than to anthropogenic factors, raising some concern for prospective effects of climate change. We estimated the total population at 19 832 birds (95% Cl 17 853-21 930), ranking it among the smallest of North American shorebird populations. To determine the vulnerability of C. p. ptilocnemis to anthropogenic and stochastic environmental threats, future studies should focus on determining the amount of gene flow among island subpopulations, the full extent of the subspecies' winter range, and the current trajectory of this small population. C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Dementyev, Maksim N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge FX For assistance and companionship in the field, we thank Jim Johnson, Mike Litzow, Steve Matsuoka, and Pavel Tomkovich. We thank the crews of the M/V Rolfy and the R/V Alpha Helix for transporting us safely to and from St. Matthew Island, and the staff of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge for logistical and financial support throughout the project. Karin Holser offered valuable logistical support on the Pribilof Islands, and the National Marine Fisheries Service provided housing on St. Paul. We especially thank Tanadgusix Corporation (St. Paul) and Tanaq Corporation (St. George) for allowing us access to their lands. Steve Matsuoka assisted with the analysis, and Melissa Cady, Theunis Piersma, Caroline Van Hemert, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2012 VL 114 IS 3 BP 544 EP 551 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110109 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 998ZN UT WOS:000308279000012 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Powell, RA AF Mitchell, Michael S. Powell, Roger A. TI Foraging optimally for home ranges SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE area minimization; black bear; distribution; habitat quality; home range; optimality; resource depression; resource maximization ID BLACK BEARS; HABITAT USE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; POPULATION REGULATION; GENERALIST HERBIVORE; SPACING BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; SMALL MAMMALS; TIME AB Economic models predict behavior of animals based on the presumption that natural selection has shaped behaviors important to an animal's fitness to maximize benefits over costs. Economic analyses have shown that territories of animals are structured by trade-offs between benefits gained from resources and costs of defending them. Intuitively, home ranges should be similarly structured, but trade-offs are difficult to assess because there are no costs of defense, thus economic models of home-range behavior are rare. We present economic models that predict how home ranges can be efficient with respect to spatially distributed resources, discounted for travel costs, under 2 strategies of optimization, resource maximization and area minimization. We show how constraints such as competitors can influence structure of homes ranges through resource depression, ultimately structuring density of animals within a population and their distribution on a landscape. We present simulations based on these models to show how they can be generally predictive of home-range behavior and the mechanisms that structure the spatial distribution of animals. We also show how contiguous home ranges estimated statistically from location data can be misleading for animals that optimize home ranges on landscapes with patchily distributed resources. We conclude with a summary of how we applied our models to nonterritorial black bears (Ursus americanus) living in the mountains of North Carolina, where we found their home ranges were best predicted by an area-minimization strategy constrained by intraspecific competition within a social hierarchy. Economic models can provide strong inference about home-range behavior and the resources that structure home ranges by offering falsifiable, a priori hypotheses that can be tested with field observations. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu FU Auburn University's Peaks of Excellence Program; Auburn University's Center for Forest Sustainability; Citibank Corp.; Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund; Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation; Earthwatch-The Center for Field Research; Environmental Protection Agency Star Fellowship Program; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-57 administered through the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Grand Valley State University; McNairs Scholars Program; International Association for Bear Research and Management; G. and D. King, McIntire Stennis funds; National Geographic Society; National Park Service; National Rifle Association; North Carolina State University; Port Clyde and Stinson Canning Companies; 3M Co.; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Wild lands Research Institute; Wil-Burt Corp.; Wild link Inc. FX We thank M. Reynolds, L. Brongo, J. Sevin, J. Favreau, G. Warburton, P. Horner, M. Fritz, E. Seaman, J. Noel, A. Kovach, V. Sorensen, T. Langer, D. Brown, and F. Antonelli; more than 40 undergraduate interns, technicians, and volunteers; and approximately 400 Earthwatch volunteers for their help with data collection. Our research received financial and logistical support from Auburn University's Peaks of Excellence Program, Auburn University's Center for Forest Sustainability, B. Bacon and K. Bacon, J. Busse, Citibank Corp., the Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund, the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Earthwatch-The Center for Field Research, Environmental Protection Agency Star Fellowship Program, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-57 administered through the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Grand Valley State University, McNairs Scholars Program, International Association for Bear Research and Management, G. and D. King, McIntire Stennis funds, the National Geographic Society, the National Park Service, the National Rifle Association, the North Carolina State University, Port Clyde and Stinson Canning Companies, 3M Co., the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Wild lands Research Institute, Wil-Burt Corp., and Wild link Inc. We thank J. Horne, J. Fieberg, P. Moorcroft, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews of earlier versions of this paper. Use of commercial names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 87 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 97 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 917 EP 928 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-157.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 009GN UT WOS:000309014200004 ER PT J AU Powell, RA Mitchell, MS AF Powell, Roger A. Mitchell, Michael S. TI What is a home range? SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cognitive map; currency; fitness surface; global positioning system; hippocampus; home range; telemetry ID SPACE-USE; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; TOPOGRAPHICAL CONSTRAINTS; SPATIAL REPRESENTATION; MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR; HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; VULPES-VULPES; BLACK BEARS; RED FOXES AB "Home range" is a standard concept in animal ecology and behavior but few people try to understand what home ranges mean to the animals that have them and often assume that a home-range estimate, quantified using some method, is the home range. This leads to 2 problems. First, researchers put much energy into discerning and using the "best" methods for estimating home ranges while no one understands, really, what a home range is. Second, maps delineating home-range estimates may have little connection with what home ranges are and what they mean to the animals that have them. To gain insight into these problems, Roger Powell (hereafter, Roger) documented his own use of space for 65 days, obtaining complete data on where he went, what he did, and how much energy and money he expended and gained in each place. Roger's use of space is consistent with how other mammals use space and, therefore, examination of his data provides insight into what a home range is and how ecologists should approach quantifying other animals' home ranges. We present estimates of Roger's home range in 5 different metrics, or currencies, that provide important and different insights. Home-range estimators that combine different types of information to estimate the spatial distribution and qualities of resources that structure animal behavior (i.e., fitness surfaces) will probably provide the most insight into animals' home ranges. To make reasonable estimates of home ranges, researchers must collect data on habitat, resources, and other attributes of the landscape, so that they can understand basic behaviors of animals and understand how animals may view their environment. We propose that the best concept of a home range is that part of an animal's cognitive map of its environment that it chooses to keep updated. C1 [Powell, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Powell, RA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM newf@ncsu.edu NR 96 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 124 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 948 EP 958 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-S-177.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 009GN UT WOS:000309014200006 ER PT J AU Ruprecht, JS Ausband, DE Mitchell, MS Garton, EO Zager, P AF Ruprecht, Joel S. Ausband, David E. Mitchell, Michael S. Garton, Edward O. Zager, Peter TI Homesite attendance based on sex, breeding status, and number of helpers in gray wolf packs SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE attendance; Canis lupus; cooperative breeding; den; helper; homesite; pup-rearing; rendezvous site; wolf pack ID PATTERNS; WOLVES; SIZE AB We studied gray wolf (Canis lupus) homesite attendance rates using global positioning system locations of 17 GPS-radiocollared wolves from 7 packs in Idaho. Nonbreeding wolves attended homesites more once pups were weaned and we hypothesize this is a behavior that benefits subsequent pup-rearing. The breeding status and sex of the wolf was the strongest predictor of homesite attendance in the preweaning period but the dominant predictor postweaning was the number of helpers in the pack. We estimated that each additional helper in a pack decreased an individual's attendance rate by 7.5%. Because helpers can either attend or provision pups, our results suggest that small packs invest in protecting pups at the expense of having additional adults foraging. C1 [Ruprecht, Joel S.; Garton, Edward O.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zager, Peter] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. RP Ruprecht, JS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM joelruprecht@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 55 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1005 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-330.1 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 009GN UT WOS:000309014200010 ER PT J AU Hoogland, JL Cully, JF Rayor, LS Fitzgerald, JP AF Hoogland, John L. Cully, Jack F. Rayor, Linda S. Fitzgerald, James P. TI Conflicting research on the demography, ecology, and social behavior of Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE coloniality; microsatellites; multiple paternity; philopatry; sexual dimorphism ID GROUND-SQUIRRELS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATING SYSTEMS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SPACE-USE; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM AB Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) are rare, diurnal, colonial, burrowing, ground-dwelling squirrels. Studies of marked individuals living under natural conditions in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s showed that males are heavier than females throughout the year; that adult females living in the same territory are consistently close kin; and that females usually mate with the sexually mature male(s) living in the home territory. Research from 2007 through 2010 challenges all 3 of these findings. Here we discuss how different methods might have led to the discrepancies. C1 [Hoogland, John L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Cully, Jack F.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rayor, Linda S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fitzgerald, James P.] Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Hoogland, JL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM hoogland@al.umces.edu RI Hoogland, John/B-3950-2015 FU National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; New Mexico Share with Wildlife Fund of the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; Petrified Forest Museum Association; University of Kansas; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science FX We thank our research assistants, and we especially thank M. Bjorge, D. Fitzgerald, S. Hoogland, J. Hoogland, M. A. Hoogland, M. V. Hoogland, S. Kain, C. May, L. Molles, M. Paulson, and J. Tawil. We thank K. Armitage, the Gallagher family, and D. Rayor; we also thank the staff at Petrified Forest National Park, especially G. Cummins, M. Hellickson, K. Isensee, and P. Pappas. For financial assistance, we thank the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation, the New Mexico Share with Wildlife Fund of the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, the Petrified Forest Museum Association, the University of Kansas, and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. For help with the manuscript, we thank R. Barry, C. Brown, F. S. Dobson, A. Elmore, K. Eshleman, A. Goldberg, A. Hoogland, J. Hoogland, S. Hoogland, S. Keller, C. Maher, T. Manno, R. Pigg, D. Queller, P. Sherman, A. Travis, S. Wisely, and 2 anonymous referees. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 45 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-034.3 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 009GN UT WOS:000309014200017 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE King, RA McKann, PC Szymanski, JA Pruitt, L AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. King, R. Andrew McKann, Patrick C. Szymanski, Jennifer A. Pruitt, Lori TI Population-level impact of white-nose syndrome on the endangered Indiana bat SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE change-point analysis; endangered species; Geomyces destructans; Myotis sodalis; trend estimation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HIBERNATING BATS; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; CONVENTIONAL FARMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; DISTURBANCE; MORTALITY; ABUNDANCE AB Establishing status and trend for an endangered species is critical to recovery, especially when it is faced with a nascent extinction agent. We calculated, with hierarchical log-linear change-point models, hibernaculum-level population trends between 1983 and 2009 for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) now subjected to the fast-spreading fungal disease white-nose syndrome. We combined trends from 222 wintering populations before and after onset of the disease to determine trend for clusters of interacting wintering populations, recovery units, and the species. Before onset of the disease, a west-to-east gradient in trends existed, with westernmost populations declining and easternmost populations increasing in abundance. The species as a whole, however, was stationary between 1983 and 2005 (-0.5% mean annual change; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.8, +1.8%). Estimated mean population size in 2009 was 377,124 bats (195,398-957,348), with large variance apparently caused by white-nose syndrome. With the onset of white-nose syndrome (2006-2009), the species exhibited a 10.3% annual decline (95% CI = -21.1, +2.0%). White-nose syndrome is having an appreciable influence on the status and trends of Indiana bat populations, stalling and in some cases reversing population gains made in recent years. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [King, R. Andrew; Pruitt, Lori] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Szymanski, Jennifer A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Endangered Species, US Fish & Wildlife Resource Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 92 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1098 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-355.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 009GN UT WOS:000309014200018 ER PT J AU Sedinger, JS Herzog, MP AF Sedinger, James S. Herzog, Mark P. TI Harvest and dynamics of duck populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE additive harvest; compensation; density dependence; heterogeneity; mallard; population dynamics ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; SURVIVAL RATES; COMPENSATORY MORTALITY; WATERFOWL POPULATIONS; HUNTING REGULATIONS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GEESE; PINTAILS; MISSISSIPPI AB The role of harvest in the dynamics of waterfowl populations continues to be debated among scientists and managers. Our perception is that interested members of the public and some managers believe that harvest influences North American duck populations based on calls for more conservative harvest regulations. A recent review of harvest and population dynamics of North American mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations (Poysa et al. 2004) reached similar conclusions. Because of the importance of this issue, we reviewed the evidence for an impact of harvest on duck populations. Our understanding of the effects of harvest is limited because harvest effects are typically confounded with those of population density; regulations are typically most liberal when populations are greatest. This problem also exists in the current Adaptive Harvest Management Program (Conn and Kendall 2004). Consequently, even where harvest appears additive to other mortality, this may be an artifact of ignoring effects of population density. Overall, we found no compelling evidence for strong additive effects of harvest on survival in duck populations that could not be explained by other factors. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported in part by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. T. Arnold, J. M. Eadie, D. H. Johnson, and R. R. Cox provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/jwmg.370 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 979XK UT WOS:000306856900002 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Sauer, JR Link, WA Otto, M AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Sauer, John R. Link, William A. Otto, Mark TI Composite analysis of black duck breeding population surveys in eastern North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Anas rubripes; breeding population; hierarchical model; plot surveys; transect surveys; trend analysis ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; MODEL AB Waterfowl are monitored in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States with 2 surveys: a transect survey from fixed-wing aircraft and a plot survey conducted from helicopters. The surveys vary in extent, but overlap exists in a core area of 9 strata covering portions of all provinces from Ontario east to Newfoundland. We estimated population change for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from these surveys using a log-linear hierarchical model that accommodates differences in sample design and visibility associated with these survey methods. Using a combined analysis of the surveys based on total indicated birds, we estimate the American black duck population to be 901,700 (95% CI: 715,2001,274,000) in 2011, with 526,900 (95% CI: 357,500852,300) mallards in the surveyed area. Precision of estimates varies widely by species and region, with transect surveys providing less precise results than plot surveys for black ducks in areas of overlap. The combined survey analysis for black ducks in the eastern survey region produced estimates with an average yearly coefficient of variation (CV) of 12.1% for the entire area and an average CV of 6.9% in the plot survey area. Mallards, which had a more limited distribution in the region, had an average yearly CV of 22.1% over the entire region, and an average CV of 27.7% in the plot survey area. Hierarchical models provide a rich framework for analyzing and combining results from complex survey designs, providing useful spatial and temporal information on population size and change in these economically important species. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sauer, John R.; Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Otto, Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 3020 State Univ Dr E,Modoc Hall,Suite 2007, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM guthrie_zimmerman@fws.gov FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Canadian Wildlife Service FX Funding for the transect and plot surveys was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. The Black Duck Joint Venture provided valuable technical guidance on the design and protocols for both the plot and transect surveys. In particular, we would like to thank D. Bordage, M. Koneff, K. Ross, J. Serie, and J. Wortham for their support, insight, and guidance on all aspects of the surveys and analysis. B. Collins assisted with data management, segregated transect data into the smaller plot size, and was a primary consultant for the development of the plot survey. We also thank the many pilots and observers that conducted both surveys. P. Devers, P. Padding, W. Thogmartin, W. Block, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided earlier reviews that greatly improved the quality and clarity of the manuscript. K. Fleming provided the map used in this manuscript. The California Landscape Conservation Cooperative provided administrative support for G.S.Z. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1176 DI 10.1002/jwmg.351 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 979XK UT WOS:000306856900008 ER PT J AU Lebrun, JJ Thogmartin, WE Miller, JR AF Lebrun, Jaymi J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. Miller, James R. TI Evaluating the ability of regional models to predict local avian abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; blue-winged warbler; Breeding Bird Survey; driftless area; ecoregion; model evaluation; National Land Cover Dataset; Prairie-Hardwood Transition; wood thrush ID LAND-COVER DATA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; SPATIAL COUNT MODEL; BIRD SURVEY ROUTES; CERULEAN WARBLERS; AMERICAN WOODCOCK; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; POPULATIONS AB Spatial modeling over broad scales can potentially direct conservation efforts to areas with high species-specific abundances. We examined the performance of regional models for predicting bird abundance at spatial scales typically addressed in conservation planning. Specifically, we used point count data on wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and blue-winged warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) from 2 time periods (19951998 and 20062007) to evaluate the ability of regional models derived via Bayesian hierarchical techniques to predict bird abundance. We developed models for each species within Bird Conservation Region (BCR) 23 in the upper midwestern United States at 800-ha, 8,000-ha, and approximately 80,000-ha scales. We obtained count data from the Breeding Bird Survey and land cover data from the National Land Cover Dataset (1992). We evaluated predictions from the best models, as defined by an information-theoretic criterion, using point count data collected within an ecological subregion of BCR 23 at 131 count stations in the 1990s and again in 20062007. Competing (Deviance Information Criteria <5) blue-winged warbler models accounted for 67% of the variability and suggested positive associations with forest edge and proportion of forest at the 8,000-ha scale, and negative associations with forest patch area (800-ha) and wetness (800-ha and 80,000?ha). The regional model performed best for blue-winged warbler predicted abundances from point counts conducted in Iowa during 19951996 (rs?=?0.57; P?=?0.14), the survey period that most closely aligned with the time period of data used for regional model construction. Wood thrush models exhibited positive correlations with point count data for all survey areas and years combined (rs?=?0.58, P?=?0.001). In comparison, blue-winged warbler models performed worse as time increased between the point count surveys and vintage of the model building data (rs?=?0.03, P?=?0.92 for Iowa and rs?=?0.13, P?=?0.51 for all areas, 2006-2007), likely related to the ephemeral nature of their preferred early successional habitat. Species abundance and sensitivity to changing habitat conditions seems to be an important factor in determining the predictive ability of regional models. Hierarchical models can be a useful tool for concentrating efforts at the scale of management units and should be one of many tools used by land managers, but we caution that the utility of such models may decrease over time for species preferring relatively ephemeral habitats if model inputs are not updated accordingly. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Lebrun, Jaymi J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Miller, James R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lebrun, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jjl59a@mail.missouri.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 FU Iowa State Wildlife Grants program [T-1-R-11]; Minnesota State Wildlife Grants program [T-9-R-1]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program FX Funding for this project was through the Iowa State Wildlife Grants program grant T-1-R-11 and the Minnesota State Wildlife Grants program grant T-9-R-1 in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. We are deeply grateful to the technicians involved in all aspects of data collection and processing, and to W. Norris and G. Niemi for providing data from earlier surveys in Iowa and Minnesota, respectively. We also thank P. Dixon for valuable input on the statistical analyses, T. Hanson for GIS support, P. McKann for graphical support, and R. Rovang (Effigy Mounds National Monument) for logistical support. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1187 DI 10.1002/jwmg.374 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 979XK UT WOS:000306856900009 ER PT J AU Ditchkoff, SS Jolley, DB Sparklin, BD Hanson, LB Mitchell, MS Grand, JB AF Ditchkoff, Stephen S. Jolley, D. Buck Sparklin, Bill D. Hanson, Laura B. Mitchell, Michael S. Grand, James B. TI Reproduction in a population of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) subjected to lethal control SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE condition; corpora lutea; density dependence; lethal control; reproduction; Sus scrofa; wild pig ID FERAL PIGS; HOGS; NUTRITION; CAPTURE; BIOLOGY; STRESS; FOREST AB The continued range expansion of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in North America is an increasing cause for concern because of the numerous negative impacts that wild pigs have on ecosystem structure and function. Once populations are established, wild pigs have proven to be extremely difficult to control, and close to impossible to eradicate. If effective control and removal techniques are to be developed, we must determine if wild pig populations respond to reductions in density by increasing reproductive output. This study was designed to examine if reproductive parameters of female wild pigs display a density-dependent response following a concentrated removal effort. We compared reproductive parameters and condition of adult sows that were collected between a control area and a treatment area where lethal removal occurred. From August 2004 to May 2006, we focused a concentrated removal effort within the treatment area. Although the population density was more than 65% greater in the control area than the treatment area during the study, we did not detect differences between areas for condition, litter size, ovarian mass, corpus luteum mass, or corpora lutea number. Several years of heavy mast production during the study may have negated any effect on condition and subsequent reproduction between the 2 study areas. These data suggest that reproductive parameters of wild pigs do not exhibit density-dependence during periods when pig populations are in good condition. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Jolley, D. Buck; Hanson, Laura B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sparklin, Bill D.; Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ditchkoff, SS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ditchss@auburn.edu FU Department of Defense, Fort Benning; School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest Sustainability at Auburn University; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Thornton, P. Swiderek, B. Williams, and B. Miley for assistance with data collection and support at Fort Benning. Support for this research was provided by the Department of Defense, Fort Benning, the School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest Sustainability at Auburn University, and the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1002/jwmg.356 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 979XK UT WOS:000306856900015 ER PT J AU Brokesova, J Malek, J Evans, JR AF Brokesova, Johana Malek, Jiri Evans, John R. TI Note: Rotaphone, a new self-calibrated six-degree-of-freedom seismic sensor SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have developed and tested (calibration, linearity, and cross-axis errors) a new six-degree-of-freedom mechanical seismic sensor for collocated measurements of three translational and three rotational ground motion velocity components. The device consists of standard geophones arranged in parallel pairs to detect spatial gradients. The instrument operates in a high-frequency range (above the natural frequency of the geophones, 4.5 Hz). Its theoretical sensitivity limit in this range is 10(-9) m/s in ground velocity and 10(-9) rad/s in rotation rate. Small size and weight, and easy installation and maintenance make the instrument useful for local-earthquake recording and seismic prospecting. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747713] C1 [Brokesova, Johana] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Malek, Jiri] ASCR, Inst Rock Struct & Mech, Prague 18209, Czech Republic. [Evans, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brokesova, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. RI Malek, Jiri/G-7300-2014 OI Malek, Jiri/0000-0001-6097-9634 FU Czech Science Foundation [P210/10/0925] FX This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation Project P210/10/0925. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 8 AR 086108 DI 10.1063/1.4747713 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 000RU UT WOS:000308406500084 PM 22938350 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE AF Biggins, Dean E. TI INFORMATION ON BLACK-FOOTED FERRET BIOLOGY COLLECTED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FERRET CONSERVATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; PLAGUE; AREAS; MODEL AB Once feared to be extinct, black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) were rediscovered near Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981, resulting in renewed conservation and research efforts for this highly endangered species. A need for information directly useful to recovery has motivated much monitoring of ferrets since that time, but field activities have enabled collection of data relevant to broader biological themes. This special feature is placed in a context of similar books and proceedings devoted to ferret biology and conservation. Articles include general observations on ferrets, modeling of potential impacts of ferrets on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), discussions on relationships of ferrets to prairie dog habitats at several spatial scales (from individual burrows to patches of burrow systems) and a general treatise on the status of black-footed ferret recovery. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU National Zoo (Front Royal, VA); Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha, NB); Louisville Zoo (Louisville, KY); Toronto Zoo (Toronto, Ontario, Canada); Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (Colorado Springs, CO); Phoenix Zoo (Phoenix, AZ) FX A good measure of credit for the successes of black-footed ferret recovery efforts is due to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center, and multiple ZOOS for producing ferrets that have been reintroduced to the wild over the past 25 years. The National Zoo (Front Royal, VA), Henry Doorly Zoo (Omaha, NB), Louisville Zoo (Louisville, KY), Toronto Zoo (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (Colorado Springs, CO), and Phoenix Zoo (Phoenix, AZ) are commended for generating their own funds to support ferret conservation. Reintroduction of ferrets began with captive production of the animals, but tremendous effort was required at many other levels to finally reestablish the multiple populations of free-ranging animals (Fig. 2). The individuals directly involved now number in the hundreds, and they work within state work groups and represent many state and federal agencies, as well as private organizations. To name all individuals who have put their hearts and lives into ferret conservation unfortunately is not possible here (but visit the web site http://www.prairiewildlife.org/). Sadly, some members of our team from the post-Meeteetse era are no longer with us but remain alive in our memories. These include the following: William Russell, George E. Menkins Jr., Ulysses Seal, Stanley H. Anderson, Donna Zeiler, JoGayle Dillon Howard, Lucille Hogg, E. Tom Thorne, Elizabeth S. Williams, and Joe Truett. Their contributions were considerable, and they are missed. Finally, it also seems fitting to pay tribute to Shep, the dog owned by John and Lucille Hogg, who by killing an individual ferret near Meeteetse in 1981 gave life to the species. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 106 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600001 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE AF Biggins, Dean E. TI USE OF MULTI-OPENING BURROW SYSTEMS BY BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BADGER TAXIDEA-TAXUS; PRAIRIE-DOG; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; LUDOVICIANUS; ECOLOGY AB Multi-opening burrow systems constructed by prairie clogs (Cynomys) ostensibly provide escape routes when prairie dogs are pursued by predators capable of entering the burrows, such as black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), or by predators that can rapidly dig into the tunnels, such as American badgers (Taxidea taxi's). Because badgers also prey on ferrets, ferrets might similarly benefit from multi-opening burrow systems. Using an air blower, white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus) burrow openings were tested for connectivity on plots occupied by black-footed ferrets and on randomly selected plots in Wyoming. Significantly more connected openings were found on ferret-occupied plots than on random plots. Connected openings might be due to modifications by ferrets in response to plugging by prairie clogs, due to selection by ferrets for complex systems with multiple openings that are already unobstructed, or simply clue to ferrets lingering at kill sites that were multi-opening systems selected by their prairie dog prey C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Funding provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was augmented by the Legacy Program of the Department of Defense, Wildlife Preservation Trust International, Chevron USA, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. The Wyoming Game and Fish Department produced many of the ferrets released for this study, but ferret production at zoos is critical to the program; zoos participating in 1992 were located at Omaha, Nebraska; Louisville, Kentucky; Washington, D.C.; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Phoenix, Arizona; and Toronto, Ontario. I appreciate the many in-kind contributions from other federal agencies, permission from landowners to access several private ranches, and the night-long vigils of the many technicians who radio-tracked ferrets. I thank S. Grassel, D. Roddy, P Stevens, and D. Cads for helpful reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade, produc, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States federal government. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 35 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600002 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Marsh, D Millspaugh, JJ Livieri, TM AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Marsh, Dustin Millspaugh, Joshua J. Livieri, Travis M. TI BLACK-FOOTED FERRET DIGGING ACTIVITY IN SUMMER SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; FOOD-HABITS; MEETEETSE; ATTRIBUTES; BEHAVIORS AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) excavate soil from prairie dog (Cynouns Spp.) burrows, thereby creating characteristic soil deposits at burrow openings. These soil deposits have been observed only rarely in summer. We monitored adult ferrets during June October of the years 2007 and 2008 on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie clogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. We located and identified ferret excavations during nighttime spotlight surveys for ferrets and daytime sampling of prairie clog burrow openings around locations where ferrets were located via spotlight. We accumulated 48 observations of in-process or recently completed ferret excavations during spotlight surveys (21 in 2007, 27 in 2008) and located 51 diggings during daytime burrow sampling (25 in 2007, 26 in 2008). We located diggings during 5.5% of spotlight observations, most frequently in July August. These results collectively suggest ferrets may frequently excavate soil in summer, because prairie clogs frequently use soil to plug burrow openings and tunnels in defense against ferrets. Prairie clogs might frequently destroy soil deposits left by ferrets during summer, thereby reducing detection of diggings by biologists. C1 [Eads, David A.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU State Wildlife Grant [T35]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Prairie Wildlife Research; Denver Zoological Foundation; University of Missouri; S. and D. Webb FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Support was also provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, Prairie Wildlife Research, the Denver Zoological Foundation, and the University of Missouri. DAE was also supported by S. and D. Webb. We appreciate the assistance of S. Eads during daytime surveys in 2007 and reviews of a previous draft by J. Chipault, S. Eads, S. Grassel, S. Ramakrishnan, J. Stabach, and 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600003 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Hanebury, LR Fagerstone, KA AF Biggins, Dean E. Hanebury, Louis R. Fagerstone, Kathleen A. TI DIGGING BEHAVIORS OF RADIO-TAGGED BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS NEAR MEETEETSE, WYOMING, 1981-1984 SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Intensive radio-tracking during August December enabled us to collect detailed information on digging behaviors of a small sample of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) occupying colonies of white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus). A sample of 33 prairie dogs, also radio-tagged, progressively ceased aboveground activity during late summer and fall, presumably as they descended into burrows to hibernate. Most of the time ferrets spent digging was in November December when >95% of the radio-tagged prairie dogs were inactive, suggesting that digging was primarily to excavate hibernating prey Although 43.9% of the burrow openings were estimated to be in large mounds, which are common on colonies of white-tailed prairie dogs, all of a sample of 17 deposits of soil (diggings) made by ferrets were excavated at small mounds or nonmounded openings. The average duration of 23 nocturnal sessions of digging by ferrets was 112.2 minutes. A digging session consisted of multiple bouts of soil movement typically lasting about 5 min, and sessions were separated by pauses above- or belowground lasting several minutes. Bouts of moving soil from a burrow involved round-trips of 12.5-30.3 s to remove an average of 35 cm(3) of soil per trip. These digging bouts are energetically costly for ferrets. One female moved 16.8 kg of soil an estimated 3.3 m during bouts having a cumulative duration of 178 minutes, removing a soil plug estimated to be 178 cm long. Increasing evidence suggests that some behaviors of ferrets and prairie dogs are coevolutionary responses between this highly specialized predator and its prairie dog prey. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hanebury, Louis R.] Western Area Power Adm, Billings, MT 59101 USA. [Fagerstone, Kathleen A.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600004 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Ramakrishnan, S Goldberg, AR Eads, DA AF Biggins, Dean E. Ramakrishnan, Shantini Goldberg, Amanda R. Eads, David A. TI BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS AND RECREATIONAL SHOOTING INFLUENCE THE ATTRIBUTES OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG BURROWS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; SIBERIAN POLECATS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; THOMOMYS-BOTTAE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SYSTEMS; PLAGUE; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; RODENT AB Black-tailed prairie clogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) plug burrows occupied by black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes), and they also plug burrows to entomb dead prairie clogs. We further evaluated these phenomena by sampling connectivity and plugging of burrow openings on prairie dog colonies occupied by ferrets, colonies where recreational shooting was allowed, and colonies with neither shooting nor ferrets. We counted burrow openings on line surveys and within plots, classified surface plugging, and used an air blower to examine subsurface connectivity. Colonies with ferrets had lower densities of openings, fewer connected openings (suggesting increased subsurface plugging), and more surface plugs compared to colonies with no known ferrets. Colonies with recreational shooting had the lowest densities of burrow openings, and line-survey data suggested colonies with shooting had intermediate rates of surface plugging. The extent of surface and subsurface plugging could have consequences for the prairie dog community by changing air circulation and escape routes of burrow systems and by altering energetic relationships. Burrow plugging might reduce prairie dogs' risk of predation by ferrets while increasing risk of predation by American badgers (Taxidea taxus); however, the complexity of the trade-off is increased if plugging increases the risk of predation on ferrets by badgers. Prairie clogs expend more energy plugging and digging when ferrets or shooting are present, and ferrets increase their energy expenditures when they dig to remove those plugs. Microclimatic differences in plugged burrow systems may play a role in flea ecology and persistence of the flea-borne bacterium that causes plague (Yersinia pestis). C1 [Biggins, Dean E.; Ramakrishnan, Shantini; Goldberg, Amanda R.; Eads, David A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Denver Zoological Foundation FX Support for this study was provided by the United States Geological Survey, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Denver Zoological Foundation. We thank the USDA Forest Service (FS) and the National Park Service (NPS) for allowing access to lands they administer. We especially appreciate the collaborative and operational assistance of Randy Griebel (FS), Brian Kenner (NPS), Greg Schroeder (NPS), Joshua Delger (NPS), Travis Livieri (Prairie Wildlife Research), and volunteer Darla Konkel. We are grateful for the reviews of E. Hellgren, B. Kenner, and P Stevens. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 28 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 158 EP 171 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600005 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. TI PATTERNS OF SURFACE BURROW PLUGGING IN A COLONY OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS OCCUPIED BY BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; MODEL AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) can surface-plug openings to a burrow occupied by a black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). At a coarse scale, surface plugs are more common in colonies of prairie dogs occupied by ferrets than in colonies without ferrets. However; little is known about spatial and temporal patterns of surface plugging in a colony occupied by ferrets. In a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota, we sampled burrow openings for surface plugs and related those data to locations of ferrets observed during spotlight surveys. Of 67,574 burrow openings in the colony between June and September 2007, 3.7% were plugged. In a colony-wide grid of 80 m x 80 m cells, the occurrence of surface plugging (>= 1opening plugged) was greater in cells used by ferrets (93.3% of cells) than in cells not observably used by ferrets (70.6%). Rates of surface plugging (percentages of openings plugged) were significantly higher in cells used by ferrets (median = 3.7%) than in cells without known ferret use (median = 3.2%). Also, numbers of ferret locations in cells correlated positively with numbers of mapped surface plugs in the cells. To investigate surface plugging at finer temporal and spatial scales, we compared rates of surface plugging in 20-m-radius circle-plots centered on ferret locations and in random plots 1-4 days after observing a ferret (Jun-Oct 2007 and 2008). Rates of surface plugging were greater in ferret-plots (median = 12.0%) than in random plots (median = 0%). For prairie dogs and their associates, the implications of surface plugging could be numerous. For instance, ferrets must dig to exit or enter plugged burrows (suggesting energetic costs), and surface plugs might influence microclimates in burrows and consequently influence species that cannot excavate soil (e.g., fleas that transmit the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis). C1 [Eads, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Came, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; United States Geological Survey; Denver Zoological Foundation; Prairie Wildlife Research; University of Missouri FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Came, Fish and Parks. Support was also provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant number 2006-0058-0000), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Geological Survey, the Denver Zoological Foundation, Prairie Wildlife Research, and the University of Missouri. Thanks also to J. Millspaugh and the following individuals (listed in alphabetical order) for support that assisted this and other studies of ferrets and prairie dogs on the study colony during 2007-2008: the Baysingers, P Gober, R. Griebel, D. Jachowski, R. Jachowski, S. Larson, T. Livieri, D. Marsh, M. Reuber, A. Turgeon, S. and D. Webb, and the Wooden Knifes. Thanks also to B. Miller and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of the manuscript, and to D. Heller for contributing his photograph to Fig. 1. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600006 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Jachowski, DS Millspaugh, JJ Biggins, DE AF Eads, David A. Jachowski, David S. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Biggins, Dean E. TI IMPORTANCE OF LUNAR AND TEMPORAL CONDITIONS FOR SPOTLIGHT SURVEYS OF ADULT BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE SELECTION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OWL PREDATION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; COLORATION; CARNIVORES; MOONLIGHT; MEETEETSE; EVOLUTION; RISK AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela, nigripes) spend most daylight hours underground in prairie dog (Cynomys) burrows and exhibit aboveground movements primarily at night. Moonlight can influence the activity patterns of ferrets and, consequently, might influence the efficiency of spotlight surveys used by biologists to monitor ferret populations. We related detection of adult ferrets during postbreeding spotlight surveys to lunar and temporal conditions. We most frequently located ferrets during surveys in which the moon breached the horizon. The data suggested intersexual differences in response to moonlight. We located male ferrets most frequently during nights with greater moon illumination, but we did not detect a correlation between moon illumination and spotlight detection of female feffets. In general, moonlight could facilitate aboveground navigation by ferrets. However, it seems activity under bright moonlight could be costly for female ferrets while they raise young. Detection of ferrets also varied among months. We detected female ferrets most frequently in August September, when mothers increase hunting efforts to acquire prey for growing offspring (kits). Detection of adult female ferrets declined in October, when kits were likely independent of their mother. We located male ferrets most frequently in September October, when males might increase activity to monitor female ferrets and male competitors. Consideration of lunar and temporal influences and standardization of postbreeding surveys could enhance site-specific assessment of reintroduction success and across-site assessment of species recovery progress. We suggest that postbreeding surveys for ferrets should be enhanced by concentrating efforts in August September during moonlit nights when the moon is above the horizon. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Eads, David A.; Jachowski, David S.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@eolostate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; United States Geological Survey; Prairie Wildlife Research; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; Denver Zoological Foundation; Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship; Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society; University of Missouri; S. and D. Webb FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Funding and logistical support also were provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Geological Survey, Prairie Wildlife Research, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant number 2006-0058-0000), the Denver Zoological Foundation, the Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship, the Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society, and the University of Missouri. DAE was also supported by S. and D. Webb. We are grateful to T Livieri and Prairie Wildlife Research, R. Jachowski, D. Hanson, and D. Marsh for logistical support. Thanks also to R. Gitzen, T Bonnot, C. Hanson, and A. Turner for statistical support and productive discussions, and to J. Chipault, S. Grassel, J. Scholl, and 4 anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of previous versions of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600007 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Jachowski, DS Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Matchett, MR Millspaugh, JJ AF Eads, David A. Jachowski, David S. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Matchett, Marc R. Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI RESOURCE SELECTION MODELS ARE USEFUL IN PREDICTING FINE-SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS OF BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS IN PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; BANDWIDTH SELECTION; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; HABITAT QUALITY; SOUTH-DAKOTA; VALIDATION; DENSITY AB Wildlife-habitat relationships are often conceptualized as resource selection functions (RSFs)-models increasingly used to estimate species distributions and prioritize habitat conservation. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of 2 black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) RSFs developed on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie clogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. We used the RSF's to project the relative probability of occurrence of ferrets throughout an adjacent 227-ha colony. We evaluated performance of the RSFs using ferret space use data collected via postbreeding spotlight surveys June October 2005-2006. In home ranges and core areas, ferrets selected the predicted "very high" and "high" occurrence categories of both RSFs. Count metrics also suggested selection of these categories; for each model in each year, approximately 81% of ferret locations occurred in areas of very high or high predicted occurrence. These results suggest usefulness of the RSFs in estimating the distribution of ferrets throughout a black-tailed prairie dog colony. The RSFs provide a fine-scale habitat assessment for ferrets that can be used to prioritize releases of ferrets and habitat restoration for prairie dogs and ferrets. A method to quickly inventory the distribution of prairie dog burrow openings would greatly facilitate application of the RSFs. C1 [Eads, David A.; Jachowski, David S.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Matchett, Marc R.] Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; University of Missouri FX This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. Support was also provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant number 2006-0058-0000) and the University of Missouri. Logistical and field support were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the USDA Forest Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and Prairie Wildlife Research. Thanks to D. Hansen and R. Jachowski for assistance with spotlight surveys, and R. Jachowski for assistance with mapping burrow openings. Thanks to T. Bonnot, H. He, M. Gompper, M. Lockhart, and C. Rittenhouse for productive discussions, and to D. Albertson, K. Atchley, B. Perry, and D. Sargent for assistance in numerous objectives. Thanks also to S. Grassel and J. Stabach for constructive comments and reviews of a previous draft of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 37 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 206 EP 215 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600010 ER PT J AU Chipault, JG Biggins, DE Detling, JK Long, DH Reich, RM AF Chipault, Jennifer G. Biggins, Dean E. Detling, James K. Long, Dustin H. Reich, Robin M. TI FINE-SCALE HABITAT USE OF REINTRODUCED BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS ON PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES IN NEW MEXICO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; EXPERIENCE; MOVEMENTS; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; HOME AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are among the most endangered animals in North America. Reintroductions of captive-born ferrets onto prairie clog (Cynomys spp.) colonies are crucial to the conservation of the species. In September 2007, captive-born ferrets were released on a black-tailed prairie clog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony at the Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. Ferret kits experimentally released in areas of comparatively low and high prairie dog burrow densities were located via spotlight surveys. Some maturing ferret kits were subsequently translocated to areas of low and high burrow densities on nearby prairie clog colonies. For 2 months, fine-scale habitat use was quantified by mapping all burrow openings within a 30-m radius of each ferret location. Spatial statistics accounted for autocorrelation in the burrow densities in areas used by ferrets. It was hypothesized that ferrets would select areas of high burrow densities within colonies; however, burrow densities in areas used by ferrets were generally similar to the available burrow densities. Because ferrets used areas with burrow densities similar to densities available at the colony level and because of the potential energetic benefits for ferrets using areas with high burrow densities, releasing ferrets on colonies with high burrow densities might increase reintroduction success. C1 [Chipault, Jennifer G.; Detling, James K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Detling, James K.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Long, Dustin H.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Cimarron, NM 87714 USA. [Reich, Robin M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chipault, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jgchipault@yahoo.com RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013 FU Turner Endangered Species Fund; Mike Phillips and Joe Truett of the Fund FX This research was funded by the Turner Endangered Species Fund; we thank Mike Phillips and Joe Truett of the Fund for their support and Larry Temple for assistance in the field. We also thank the staff of the Vermejo Park Ranch, especially ranch manager Mark Kossler. We are grateful to the numerous volunteers who helped spotlight for black-footed ferrets during this study. Credit is clue to Paul Marinari and the rest of the staff at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center. We thank Kristy Bly and Shaun Grassel for reviewing this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. federal government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 42 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 216 EP 227 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999BH UT WOS:000308283600011 ER PT J AU Dickson, RD Ester, D Hupp, JW Anderson, EM Evenson, JR Barrett, J AF Dickson, R. D. Ester, D. Hupp, J. W. Anderson, E. M. Evenson, J. R. Barrett, J. TI Phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca) on the Pacific coast of North America SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melanitta perspicillata; Surf Scoter; Melanitta fusca; White-winged Scoter; sea duck; remigial moult; phenology; duration; primary feather ID HARLEQUIN DUCKS; WINTERING AREAS; MIGRATION; MIGRANTS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; TEAL; SEA; AGE AB By quantifying phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) and White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca (L., 1758)), we tested whether timing of moult is dictated by temporal optima or constraints. Scoters (n = 3481) were captured during moult in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, and remigial emergence dates were determined. We provide evidence for a pre-emergence interval of 7.3 days that occurs after old primaries are shed and before new ones become visible. All age and sex classes of both scoter species exhibited a wide range of emergence dates (Surf Scoters: 26 June to 22 September; White-winged Scoters: 6 July to 21 September) suggestive of a lack of strong temporal optima for remigial moult. For both species, timing of moult was influenced by site, year, age, and sex. Relative to other waterfowl species, scoters have typical remigial growth rates (Surf Scoters: 3.9 mm.day(-1); White-winged Scoters: 4.3 mm.day(-1)) but a long flightless period (34-49 days), in part because their relatively high wing-loading requires a greater proportion of feather regrowth to regain flight. Our data suggest that moulting scoters are not under strong selective pressure to complete moult quickly. C1 [Dickson, R. D.; Anderson, E. M.; Barrett, J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ester, D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Hupp, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Evenson, J. R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Puget Sound Assessment & Monitoring Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Dickson, RD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM rdd@sfu.ca FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; United States Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Simon Fraser University; Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Field assistance in southeast Alaska was provided by G. Baluss, T. Bowman, J. Brown, P. Levesque, R. MacDonald, A. Pagano, L. Parker, A. Patterson, R. Piehl, J. Reed, V. Richard, B. Uher-Koch, C. VanStratt, and J. Whissel. In British Columbia and Washington, fieldwork was carried out by S. Quinlan, D. Nysewander, B. Murphie, and T. Cyra, with help from dozens of volunteers. A. Schouten of Dry Creek Waterfowl made measurements of captive Scoters possible. This work was supported financially and logistically by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, Environment Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada Graduate Scholarship to R.D.D.), United States Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Ducks Unlimited Canada (fellowship to R.D.D.), Simon Fraser University, the Province of British Columbia through the Ministry of Advanced Education (funding for R.D.D.), United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Forest Service, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We thank J.-P. Savard, R. Ydenberg, T. Williams, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 90 IS 8 BP 932 EP 944 DI 10.1139/Z2012-061 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 005VU UT WOS:000308779000002 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Moridis, GJ Grover, T Silpngarmlert, S Collett, TS Holdich, SA AF Rutqvist, J. Moridis, G. J. Grover, T. Silpngarmlert, S. Collett, T. S. Holdich, S. A. TI Coupled multiphase fluid flow and wellbore stability analysis associated with gas production from oceanic hydrate-bearing sediments SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hydrates; Geomechanics; Modeling; Well stability; Gas production; Subsidence ID DEPOSITS AB We conducted numerical modeling of coupled multiphase fluid-flow, thermal, and geomechanical processes during gas production from an oceanic hydrate deposit to study the geomechanical performance and wellbore stability. We investigated two alternative cases of depressurization-induced gas production: (1) production from horizontal wells in a Class 3 deposit (a hydrate layer sandwiched between two low-permeability layers): and (2) production from vertical wells in a Class 2 deposit (a hydrate layer with an underlying zone of mobile water). The analysis showed that geomechanical responses around the wellbore are driven by reservoir-wide pressure depletion, which in turn, depends on production rate and pressure decline at the wellbore. The calculated vertical compaction of the relatively soft sediments and increased shear stress caused local yielding of the formation around the well assembly for both the horizontal and vertical well cases. However, the analysis also showed that the extent of the yield zone can be reduced if using overbalanced drilling (at an internal well pressure above the formation fluid pressure) and well completion that minimizes any annular gap between the well assembly and the formation. Our further analysis indicated that the most extensive yield zone would occur around the perforated production interval of a vertical well, where the pressure gradient is the highest. In the field, such yielding and shearing of the sediments could lead to enhanced sand production if not prevented with appropriate sand control technology. Moreover, our analysis shows that the vertical compaction of the reservoir can be substantial, with subsidence on the order of several meters and vertical compaction strain locally exceeding 10%. In the field, such substantial compaction strain will require appropriate well design (such as slip joints or heavy wall casing) to avoid tensile or buckling failure of the well assembly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rutqvist, J.; Moridis, G. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grover, T.; Holdich, S. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Petr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Silpngarmlert, S.] Conoco Phillips, Houston, TX 77252 USA. [Collett, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrutqvist@lbl.gov RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the US Department of Energy, Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors extend their thanks and appreciation to Dan Hawkes, Matthew Reagan and John Apps for their careful review and their helpful comments. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 92-93 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2012.06.004 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 005VS UT WOS:000308778800008 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA AF Ebel, Brian A. TI Impacts of Wildfire and Slope Aspect on Soil Temperature in a Mountainous Environment SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PINE-BUNCHGRASS ECOSYSTEM; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST SOILS; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; CARBON; DISTURBANCE; INTENSITY AB Wildfire is one of the most significant disturbances in mountainous landscapes and can affect soil temperature, which can in turn impact ecologic and geomorphologic processes. This study measured the temperature in near-surface soil (i.e., top 30 cm) during the first summer after a wildfire. In mountainous environments, aspect can also affect soil temperature, so north-vs. south-facing aspects were compared using a fully factorial experimental design to explore the effects of both wildfire and aspect on soil temperature. The data showed major wildfire impacts on soil temperatures on north-facing aspects (unburned similar to 4-5 degrees C cooler, on average) but little impact on south-facing aspects. Differences in soil temperatures between north-facing and south-facing unburned aspects (north similar to 5 degrees C cooler, on average) were also observed. The data led to the conclusion that, for this field site during the summer period, the forest canopy and litter and duff layers on north-facing slopes (when unburned) substantially decreased mean soil temperatures and temperature variability. The sparse trees on south-facing slopes caused little to no difference in soil temperatures following wildfire in south-facing soils for unburned compared with burned conditions. The results indicate that wildfire can reduce or even remove aspect impacts on soil temperature by combusting the forest canopy and litter and duff layers, which then homogenizes soil temperatures across the landscape. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St Ste,E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM bebel@usgs.gov RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Brian Ebel received support from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the Water Mission Area and the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey. The presentation of this work benefitted from discussions with John Moody, Deborah Martin, and Eve-Lyn Hinckley. Comments from Kimberlie Perkins and three anonymous reviewers were helpful for improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 11 IS 3 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 002JB UT WOS:000308526800031 ER PT J AU Templer, PH Mack, MC Chapin, FS Christenson, LM Compton, JE Crook, HD Currie, WS Curtis, CJ Dail, DB D'Antonio, CM Emmett, BA Epstein, HE Goodale, CL Gundersen, P Hobbie, SE Holland, K Hooper, DU Hungate, BA Lamontagne, S Nadelhoffer, KJ Osenberg, CW Perakis, SS Schleppi, P Schimel, J Schmidt, IK Sommerkorn, M Spoelstra, J Tietema, A Wessel, WW Zak, DR AF Templer, P. H. Mack, M. C. Chapin, F. S., III Christenson, L. M. Compton, J. E. Crook, H. D. Currie, W. S. Curtis, C. J. Dail, D. B. D'Antonio, C. M. Emmett, B. A. Epstein, H. E. Goodale, C. L. Gundersen, P. Hobbie, S. E. Holland, K. Hooper, D. U. Hungate, B. A. Lamontagne, S. Nadelhoffer, K. J. Osenberg, C. W. Perakis, S. S. Schleppi, P. Schimel, J. Schmidt, I. K. Sommerkorn, M. Spoelstra, J. Tietema, A. Wessel, W. W. Zak, D. R. TI Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis of N-15 tracer field studies SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric nitrogen deposition; carbon storage; data synthesis; meta-analysis; nitrogen retention and loss; stable isotopes ID TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ABIOTIC IMMOBILIZATION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SOIL CARBON; INORGANIC NITROGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERROUS WHEEL; N SATURATION; OAK FOREST; DEPOSITION AB Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched N-15 isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e., total ecosystem N-15 recovery in plant and soil pools) across natural systems and N partitioning among ecosystem pools. The greatest recoveries of ecosystem N-15 tracer occurred in shrublands (mean, 89.5%) and wetlands (84.8%) followed by forests (74.9%) and grasslands (51.8%). In the short term (<1 week after N-15 tracer application), total ecosystem N-15 recovery was negatively correlated with fine-root and soil N-15 natural abundance, and organic soil C and N concentration but was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and mineral soil C:N. In the longer term (3-18 months after N-15 tracer application), total ecosystem N-15 retention was negatively correlated with foliar natural-abundance N-15 but was positively correlated with mineral soil C and N concentration and C:N, showing that plant and soil natural-abundance N-15 and soil C:N are good indicators of total ecosystem N retention. Foliar N concentration was not significantly related to ecosystem N-15 tracer recovery, suggesting that plant N status is not a good predictor of total ecosystem N retention. Because the largest ecosystem sinks for N-15 tracer were below ground in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, we conclude that growth enhancement and potential for increased C storage in aboveground biomass from atmospheric N deposition is likely to be modest in these ecosystems. Total ecosystem N-15 recovery decreased with N fertilization, with an apparent threshold fertilization rate of 46 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1) above which most ecosystems showed net losses of applied N-15 tracer in response to N fertilizer addition. C1 [Templer, P. H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mack, M. C.; Osenberg, C. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Christenson, L. M.] Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Compton, J. E.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Crook, H. D.] NERC, Swindon SN2 1EU, Wilts, England. [Currie, W. S.; Zak, D. R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Curtis, C. J.] UCL, Dept Geog, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dail, D. B.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [D'Antonio, C. M.; Schimel, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Emmett, B. A.] Environm Ctr Wales, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Epstein, H. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Goodale, C. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gundersen, P.; Schmidt, I. K.] Univ Copenhagen, Forest & Landscape Denmark, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Hobbie, S. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Holland, K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hooper, D. U.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Hungate, B. A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, B. A.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Lamontagne, S.] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Nadelhoffer, K. J.; Zak, D. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Perakis, S. S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schleppi, P.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Sommerkorn, M.] James Hutton Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Spoelstra, J.] Environm Canada, Groundwater Qual & Assessment Sect, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Spoelstra, J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Tietema, A.; Wessel, W. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Templer, PH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ptempler@bu.edu RI Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Curtis, Christopher/A-1768-2013; Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; Lamontagne, Sebastien/E-9503-2011; Schleppi, Patrick/E-6751-2011; Osenberg, Craig/M-9904-2013; Gundersen, Per/B-2192-2008; Schmidt, Inger /A-6230-2015; OI Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Curtis, Christopher/0000-0002-6597-2172; Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Lamontagne, Sebastien/0000-0002-8359-8284; Schleppi, Patrick/0000-0002-3578-6563; Gundersen, Per/0000-0002-9199-4033; Schmidt, Inger /0000-0003-3880-2060; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California-Santa Barbara; State of California FX We thank Gail Stichler, Leslie Allfree, and the rest of the staff at NCEAS for their help in planning each of our workshops. We thank Lindsey Rustad and Tracey Walls for their helpful feedback and ideas about meta-analyses. We also thank Jill Baron, Scott Holub, Stephanie Juice, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on drafts of the manuscript. This work was conducted as a part of the "Fate of Nitrogen Inputs in Terrestrial Ecosystems'' Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California-Santa Barbara, and the State of California. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 19 U2 334 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1816 EP 1829 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984TF UT WOS:000307214000008 PM 22928411 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB Reid, J Davis, R Hines, JE Nichols, JD Forsman, E AF Yackulic, Charles B. Reid, Janice Davis, Raymond Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Forsman, Eric TI Neighborhood and habitat effects on vital rates: expansion of the Barred Owl in the Oregon Coast Ranges SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autologistic; Barred Owl; detection; habitat; metapopulation; Northern Spotted Owl; presence ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; STRIX-VARIA; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; IMPERFECT DETECTION; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; LOCAL EXTINCTION; OCCUPANCY; MODELS; DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION AB In this paper, we modify dynamic occupancy models developed for detection-nondetection data to allow for the dependence of local vital rates on neighborhood occupancy, where neighborhood is defined very flexibly. Such dependence of occupancy dynamics on the status of a relevant neighborhood is pervasive, yet frequently ignored. Our framework permits joint inference about the importance of neighborhood effects and habitat covariates in determining colonization and extinction rates. Our specific motivation is the recent expansion of the Barred Owl (Strix varia) in western Oregon, USA, over the period 1990-2010. Because the focal period was one of dramatic range expansion and local population increase, the use of models that incorporate regional occupancy (sources of colonists) as determinants of dynamic rate parameters is especially appropriate. We began our analysis of 21 years of Barred Owl presence/nondetection data in the Tyee Density Study Area (TDSA) by testing a suite of six models that varied only in the covariates included in the modeling of detection probability. We then tested whether models that used regional occupancy as a covariate for colonization and extinction outperformed models with constant or year-specific colonization or extinction rates. Finally we tested whether habitat covariates improved the AIC of our models, focusing on which habitat covariates performed best, and whether the signs of habitat effects are consistent with a priori hypotheses. We conclude that all covariates used to model detection probability lead to improved AIC, that regional occupancy influences colonization and extinction rates, and that habitat plays an important role in determining extinction and colonization rates. As occupancy increases from low levels toward equilibrium, colonization increases and extinction decreases, presumably because there are more and more dispersing juveniles. While both rates are affected, colonization increases more than extinction decreases. Colonization is higher and extinction is lower in survey polygons with more riparian forest. The effects of riparian forest on extinction rates are greater than on colonization rates. Model results have implications for management of the invading Barred Owl, both through habitat alteration and removal. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reid, Janice; Davis, Raymond; Forsman, Eric] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM c_yackulic@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation [DBI-1003221] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. DBI-1003221. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank everyone who contributed to collecting the information especially Scott Graham, Rob Horn, Richard Leach, Jason Mowdy, Amy Price, Paula Shaklee, and Bob Straub. We thank Darryl MacKenzie for useful discussions about implementation of autologistic models. We thank Mitch Eaton, Evan Grant, and three anonymous referees for comments on the initial manuscript. NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1953 EP 1966 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984TF UT WOS:000307214000020 PM 22928423 ER PT J AU Mangold, N Kite, ES Kleinhans, MG Newsom, H Ansan, V Hauber, E Kraal, E Quantin, C Tanaka, K AF Mangold, N. Kite, E. S. Kleinhans, M. G. Newsom, H. Ansan, V. Hauber, E. Kraal, E. Quantin, C. Tanaka, K. TI The origin and timing of fluvial activity at Eberswalde crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Mars, climate; Impact processes; Geological processes ID MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; DRIVEN SLURRY FORMATION; SURFACE GROUND ICE; PYROCLAST/SNOW INTERACTIONS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DELTA FORMATION; ORBITER CAMERA AB The fan deposit in Eberswalde crater has been interpreted as strong evidence for sustained liquid water on early Mars with a paleolake formed during the Noachian period (>3.7 Gy). This location became a key region for understanding the Mars paleo-environment. Eberswalde crater is located 50 km north of the rim of the 150 km diameter crater Holden. Stratigraphic relationships and chronology obtained using recent Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera images show that Eberswalde fluvial activity crosscuts Holden ejecta and thus postdates Holden crater, whose formation age is estimated from crater counts as Late Hesperian (similar to 3.5 Gy, depending on models). Fluvial modeling shows that short term activity (over several years to hundreds of years) involving dense flows (with sediment:water ratio between 0.01 and 0.3) may be as good an explanation of the fluvial landforms as dilute flow over longer durations. Modeling of the thermal effect of the Holden impact in the Eberswalde watershed is used to evaluate its potential role in aqueous activity. The relative timing of the Holden impact and Eberswalde's fan is a constraint for future studies about the origin of these landforms. Holden ejecta form a weak and porous substrate, which may be easy to erode by fluvial incision. In a cold climate scenario, impact heating could have produced runoff by melting snow or ground ice. Any attempt to model fluvial activity at Eberswalde should take into account that it may have formed as late as in the Late Hesperian, after the great majority of valley network formation and aqueous mineralization on Mars. This suggests that hypotheses for fan formation at Eberswalde by transient and/or localized processes (i.e. impact, volcanism, unusual orbital forcing) should be considered on a par with globally warmer climate. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mangold, N.; Ansan, V.] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, LPGN CNRS, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Kite, E. S.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kleinhans, M. G.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Newsom, H.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hauber, E.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetenforsch, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Kraal, E.] Kutztown Univ Penn, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Quantin, C.] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon, Lab Geol Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Tanaka, K.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mangold, N (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, LPGN CNRS, 2 Rue Houssiniere, F-44322 Nantes, France. EM nicolas.mangold@univ-nantes.fr; ekite@caltech.edu; m.g.kleinhans@uu.nl; newsom@unm.edu; Ernst.Hauber@dlr.de; kraal@kutztown.edu; cathy.quantin-nataf@univ-lyon1.fr; ktanaka@usgs.gov RI Quantin, Cathy/H-1516-2014; OI Kleinhans, Maarten/0000-0002-9484-1673 FU Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [ANR-08-JCJC-0126 "MADMACS"]; O.K. Earl Fellowship at Caltech; NASA [NNX08AN13G, NNX09AN18G]; NWO-ALW/Netherlands Space Office FX French authors thank the CNES and the INSU/CNRS through the PNP Program and the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche through the Grant ANR-08-JCJC-0126 "MADMACS". E.S.K. was supported by the O.K. Earl Fellowship at Caltech and by NASA Grants NNX08AN13G and NNX09AN18G. M.G.K. gratefully acknowledges support from NWO-ALW/Netherlands Space Office. Modeling in Section 5.4 done by M.G.K., modeling in Section 7.3 done by E.S.K. Authors thank John Grant and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. We thank Melissa Rice for sharing a pre-publication Eberswalde manuscript. Initial results of this study were presented at the Fall 2010 (4th) and Spring 2011 (5th) Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing site selection workshops. Authors acknowledge the intellectual stimulation created by these workshops, and discussions generated by members of the fluvial "Tiger Team" of the MSL site selection, especially R.P. Irwin III for productive suggestions, without implying agreement with all ideas in this paper NR 154 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 530 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.026 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996AU UT WOS:000308057200018 ER PT J AU Soderblom, JM Barnes, JW Soderblom, LA Brown, RH Griffith, CA Nicholson, PD Stephan, K Jaumann, R Sotin, C Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN AF Soderblom, Jason M. Barnes, Jason W. Soderblom, Laurence A. Brown, Robert H. Griffith, Caitlin A. Nicholson, Philip D. Stephan, Katrin Jaumann, Ralf Sotin, Christophe Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. TI Modeling specular reflections from hydrocarbon lakes on Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Saturn, Satellites; Satellites, Surfaces; Satellites, Atmospheres; Infrared observations ID LIQUID; ETHANE; METHANE; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; RADIOMETER; DESCENT; RADAR AB During the 58th close flyby of Titan (T58), the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed a specular reflection of sunlight from Titan's Jingpo Lacus through the 5-mu m methane window (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L07104). The maximum intensity of this reflection is controlled by three basic factors: (1) the shape of the reflecting surface (its overall geometry and roughness), (2) the reflectance of the surface, as controlled by the real refractive index of the material (and that of the atmosphere), and (3) attenuation due to absorption and scattering by atmospheric gases and aerosols along the pathlength. Herein we model the expected intensity of a specular reflection off of a convex mirror-like surface on Titan. We assume the specular reflection is from a body of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan's surface with optical properties consistent with CH4 and C2H6 with smaller amounts of nitrogen and heavier hydrocarbons (e.g., C3H8) admixed. We assume the 5-mu m opacity for the polar atmosphere is a factor of two higher than that of the tropical haze. For the geometry of the T58 observations, our model predicts a maximum I/F = 1-to-5; for a Lambertian surface at normal illumination I/F = 1. The maximum 5-mu m intensity observed during T58 was I/F similar to 2.6, from which we conclude that Jingpo Lacus is filled with a liquid that has a real index of refraction consistent with that of methane-ethane-nitrogen liquid and that the 5-mu m atmospheric opacity was tau = 0.5, consistent with the higher particle column expected in the winter polar atmosphere. Future VIMS observations will allow us to refine the refractive index of the liquid in the lakes and to place a quantitative constraint on the ratio of methane to ethane. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.; Griffith, Caitlin A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sotin, Christophe] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes 03, France. [Baines, Kevin H.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Soderblom, JM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jms4@mit.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407 FU Cassini Project; NASA FX We wish to thank to the VIMS operations group as well as the entire Cassini project for their tremendous efforts delivering Cassini to Saturn and obtaining and returning these data. We thank Peter Gierasch for providing calculations of refraction in Titan's atmosphere. We thank Ralph Lorenz and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Cassini Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and under contract with NASA NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.030 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996AU UT WOS:000308057200032 ER PT J AU Dalton, JB Cruikshank, DP Clark, RN AF Dalton, J. Brad, III Cruikshank, Dale P. Clark, Roger N. TI Compositional analysis of Hyperion with the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Infrared observations; Saturn, Satellites; Regoliths ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; IAPETUS; PHOEBE; HYDROGEN; DUST; SATELLITES; COMETARY; ORGANICS AB Compositional mapping of the surface of Hyperion using Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations reveals a heterogeneous surface dominated by water ice accompanied by additional materials. Carbon dioxide, as evidenced by a prominent absorption band centered at 4.26 mu m, is distributed over most of the surface, including icy regions. This does not represent exposures of pure CO2 ice, but concentrations of CO2 molecules adsorbed on other materials or complexed in H2O, perhaps as a clathrate (Cruikshank, D.P., Meyer, A.W., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hibbitts, CA., Sandford, S.A., Mastrapa, R., Filacchione, G., Dalle Ore, CM., Nicholson, P.D., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R.M., Dalton, J.B., Baines, K.H., Matson, D.L., The VIMS Team [2010]. Icarus 206, 561-572). Localized deposits of low-albedo material in subcircular depressions exhibit spectral absorptions indicative of C-H in aromatic (3.29 mu m) and aliphatic (3.35-3.50 mu m) hydrocarbons. An absorption band at 2.42 mu m that is also seen on other saturnian satellites, tentatively identified as H-2 (Clark, R.N. et al. [2011]. In: Proc. AAS-DPS Meeting, 43, 1563; Clark et al., in preparation, 2012) adsorbed on dark material grains, is also prominent. Our best spectral models included H2O and CO2 ice, with small amounts of nanophase Fe and Fe2O3. Weaker and more spatially scattered absorption features are also found at 4.48, 4.60, and 4.89 mu m, although no clear molecular identifications have yet been made. While strongest in the low-albedo deposits, the CO2, hydrocarbon and putative H-2 bands vary in strength throughout the icy regions, as do the 4.48-, 4.60- and 4.89-mu m bands, suggesting that this background ice is laced with a complex mixture of non-ice compounds. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dalton, J. Brad, III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary Ices Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RP Dalton, JB (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary Ices Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM dalton@jpl.nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP) FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and NASA Ames Research Center under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and funded through the Cassini Data Analysis Program (CDAP). Cruikshank and Clark are supported in part as co-investigators on the Cassini VIMS team. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 752 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.003 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996AU UT WOS:000308057200033 ER PT J AU Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Ciarniello, M Clark, RN Cuzzi, JN Nicholson, PD Cruikshank, DP Hedman, MM Buratti, BJ Lunine, JI Soderblom, LA Tosi, F Cerroni, P Brown, RH McCord, TB Jaumann, R Stephan, K Baines, KH Flamini, E AF Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. Ciarniello, M. Clark, R. N. Cuzzi, J. N. Nicholson, P. D. Cruikshank, D. P. Hedman, M. M. Buratti, B. J. Lunine, J. I. Soderblom, L. A. Tosi, F. Cerroni, P. Brown, R. H. McCord, T. B. Jaumann, R. Stephan, K. Baines, K. H. Flamini, E. TI Saturn's icy satellites and rings investigated by Cassini-VIMS: III - Radial compositional variability SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, Satellites; Saturn, Rings; Spectroscopy; Ices ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MU-M; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; ENCELADUS SURFACE; DARK MATERIAL; IAPETUS; PHOEBE; RHEA AB In the last few years Cassini-VIMS, the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, returned to us a comprehensive view of the Saturn's icy satellites and rings. After having analyzed the satellites' spectral properties (Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., McCord, T.B., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Bellucci, G., Tosi, F., D'Aversa, E., Formisano, V., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J.P., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Showalter, M., Newman, S. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259-290, paper I) and their distribution across the satellites' hemispheres (Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., Clark, R.N., Cuzzi, J.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Nicholson, P.D., McCord, T.B., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F., Nelson, R.M., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507-523, paper II), we proceed in this paper to investigate the radial variability of icy satellites (principal and minor) and main rings average spectral properties. This analysis is done by using 2264 disk-integrated observations of the satellites and a 12 x 700 pixels-wide rings radial mosaic acquired with a spatial resolution of about 125 km/pixel. Using different VIS and IR spectral indicators, e.g. spectral slopes and band depths, we perform a comparative analysis of these data aimed to measure the distribution of water ice and red contaminant materials across Saturn's system. The average surface regolith grain sizes are estimated with different indicators through comparison with laboratory and synthetic spectra. These measurements highlight very striking differences in the population here analyzed, which vary from the almost uncontaminated and water ice-rich surfaces of Enceladus and Calypso to the metal/organic-rich and red surfaces of Iapetus' leading hemisphere and Phoebe. Rings spectra appear more red than the icy satellites in the visible range but show more intense 1.5-2.0 mu m band depths. Although their orbits are close to the F-ring, Prometheus and Pandora are different in surface composition: Prometheus in fact appears very water ice-rich but at the same time very red at VIS wavelengths. These properties make it very similar to A-B ring particles while Pandora is bluer. Moving outwards, we see the effects of E ring particles, generated by Enceladus plumes, which contaminate satellites surfaces from Mimas out to Rhea. We found some differences between Tethys lagrangian moons, Calypso being much more water ice-rich and bluer than Telesto. Among outer satellites (Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe) we observe a linear trend in both water ice decrease and in reddening. Hyperion being the reddest object of the population. The correlations among spectral slopes, band depths, visual albedo and phase permit us to cluster the saturnian population in different spectral classes which are detected not only among the principal satellites and rings but among co-orbital minor moons as well. These bodies are effectively the "connection" elements, both in term of composition and evolution, between the principal satellites and main rings. Finally, we have applied Hapke's theory to retrieve the best spectral fits to Saturn's inner regular satellites (from Mimas to Dione) using the same methodology applied previously for Rhea data discussed in Ciarniello et al. (Ciarniello, M., Capaccioni, F., Filacchione, G., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F. , Stephan, K. [2011]. Icarus 214, 541-555). (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Ciarniello, M.; Tosi, F.; Cerroni, P.] INAF IAPS, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80228 USA. [Cuzzi, J. N.; Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.; Hedman, M. M.; Lunine, J. I.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buratti, B. J.; Brown, R. H.; Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Flamini, E.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Flamini, E.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCord, T. B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.] DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Flamini, E.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI, I-00198 Rome, Italy. RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), INAF IAPS, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Area Ric Tor Vergata, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it OI Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Enrico, Flamini/0000-0001-9521-1705; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434 FU Italian Space Agency [I/015/09/0]; NASA through the Cassini project FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our colleague and friend Angioletta Coradini recently passed away who has inspired us to complete this work. The authors thank VIMS technical team at Lunar and Planetary Lab (University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ), the Cassini-Huygens Project, including engineering and operational teams, at JPL (Pasadena, CA) for the hard work and dedication demonstrated during the entire mission. We gratefully thank the Cassini Icy Satellites and Rings Working groups for their unvaluable comments, observations planning and sequencing. Without all them this study would be impossible. Finally we thank the two anonymous referees which have helped us to improve greatly this paper. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and was completed thanks to the financial support of the Italian Space Agency (Grant I/015/09/0) and NASA through the Cassini project. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2012 VL 220 IS 2 BP 1064 EP 1096 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.040 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 996AU UT WOS:000308057200056 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM Rose, EPF AF Nelson, C. M. Rose, E. P. F. TI The US Geological Survey's Military Geology Unit in World War II: 'the Army's pet prophets' SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECRET BRITISH REPORTS; WATER-SUPPLY MAPS; SPECIALIST MAPS; TERRAIN EVALUATION; FAR-EAST; JC CLATWORTHY; EPF ROSE; OPERATIONS; SECTION; EUROPE AB In 1942 the US Geological Survey formed a Military Geology Unit (MGU) at Washington, DC of in-house and other earth scientists and engineers to gather terrain and related strategic intelligence. MGU compiled reports containing data about regions outside the USA as tables, text and maps for use by Allied forces, especially American and British. Benefiting to some extent from both Allied and German geological experience in World War I, MGU developed into by far the largest geology-based intelligence unit used to help guide Allied planning and operations in World War II. About 50 'Strategic Engineering Studies' were completed in 1942, and at least 50 more in 1943. MGU products contributed significantly to the Allied campaigns in Sicily and Italy from 1943, and complemented British geotechnical work associated with Normandy and the NW Europe Campaign in 1944-1945. In 1944-1945, MGU deployed teams from Washington to US Army theatre headquarters in Europe, and more substantially to the SW Pacific and Pacific Ocean areas, principally to provide intelligence for strategic and tactical planning, and advice to and (in the Pacific) participation in combat operations. After 1945, MGU developed into a Military Geology Branch, responding to demands of wars cold and hot until 1972. C1 [Nelson, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Rose, E. P. F.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cnelson@usgs.gov NR 102 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1470-9236 J9 Q J ENG GEOL HYDROGE JI Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 45 IS 3 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1144/1470-9236/11-054 PG 19 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 993VI UT WOS:000307887500005 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC AF Hackley, Paul C. TI Geological and geochemical characterization of the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation, Maverick Basin, south Texas: A future shale gas resource? SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; FORT-WORTH BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TOTAL PETROLEUM SYSTEM; SOURCE-ROCK EVALUATION; TRACE-METALS; EAST TEXAS; DIAGENESIS; SEDIMENTS; BITUMEN AB As part of an assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in the northern Gulf of Mexico onshore Mesozoic section, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation of the Maverick Basin, south Texas, as a potential shale gas resource. Wireline logs were used to determine the stratigraphic distribution of the Pearsall Formation and to select available core and cuttings samples for analytical investigation. Samples used for this study spanned updip to downdip environments in the Maverick Basin, including several from the current shale gas-producing area of the Pearsall Formation. The term "shale" does not adequately describe any of the Pearsall samples evaluated for this study, which included argillaceous lime wackestones from more proximal marine depositional environment; in Maverick County and argillaceous lime mudstones from the distal Lower Cretaceous shelf edge in western Bee County. Most facies in the Pearsall Formation were deposited in oxygenated environments as evidenced by the presence of biota preserved as shell fragments and the near absence of sediment laminae, which is probably caused by bioturbation. Organic material is poorly preserved and primarily consists of type III kerogen (terrestrial) and type IV kerogen (inert solid bitumen), with a minor contribution from type II kerogen (marine) based on petrographic analysis and pyrolysis. Carbonate dominates the mineralogy followed by clays and quartz. The low abundance and broad size distribution of pyrite are consistent with the presence of oxic conditions during sediment deposition. The Pearsall Formation is in the dry gas window of hydrocarbon generation (mean random vitrinite reflectance values, R-o = 1.2-2.2%) and contains moderate levels of total organic carbon (average 0.86 wt. %), which primarily resides in the inert solid bitumen. Solid bitumen is interpreted to result from in-situ thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbon generated from original type II kerogen that was prevented from expulsion and migration by low permeability. The temperature of maximum pyrolysis output (T-max) is a poor predictor of thermal maturity because the pyrolysis (S2) peaks from Rock-Eval analysis are ill defined. Vitrinite reflectance values are consistent with the dry gas window and are the preferred thermal maturity parameter. A Maverick Basin Pearsall shale gas assessment unit was defined using political and geologic boundaries to denote its spatial extent and was evaluated following established USGS hydrocarbon assessment methodology. The assessment estimated a mean undiscovered technically recoverable natural gas resource of 8.8 tcf of gas and 3.4 and 17.8 tcf of gas at the F95 and F5 fractile confidence levels, respectively. Significant engineering challenges will likely need to be met in determining the correct stimulation and completion combination for the successful future development of undiscovered natural gas resources in the Pearsall Formation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 89 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1449 EP 1482 DI 10.1306/11221111071 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 983XD UT WOS:000307151100004 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JRR Thomas, NJ Dubielzig, RR Drees, R AF Fernandez, J. Rodriguez-Ramos Thomas, N. J. Dubielzig, R. R. Drees, R. TI Osteosarcoma of the Maxilla with Concurrent Osteoma in a Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris nereis; maxilla; osteoma; osteosarcoma; southern sea otter ID OSTEOGENIC-SARCOMA; MORTALITY; FERRET; SKULL AB Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are threatened marine mammals that belong to the family Mustelidae and are native to the coast of Central California. Neoplasia is reported infrequently in sea otters. An adult female free-ranging southern sea otter was found alive at Pebble Beach, Monterey County, California, on January 1st, 1994 and died soon after capture. The carcass was submitted to the US Geological Survey - National Wildlife Health Center for necropsy examination. Grossly, a mass with rubbery texture was firmly attached to the left maxillary region of the skull and the nasopharynx was occluded by soft neoplastic tissue. Post-mortem skull radiographs showed an oval, smoothly marginated mineralized opaque mass centered on the left maxilla, extending from the canine tooth to caudal to the molar and replacing portions of the zygomatic arch and palatine and temporal bones. The majority of the mass protruded laterally from the maxilla and was characterized by central homogeneous mineral opacity. Microscopically, the mass was characterized by fully differentiated lamellar non-osteonal bone that expanded beyond the margins of the adjacent normal osteonal bone. Sections of the nasopharyngeal mass were comprised of moderately pleomorphic cells with bony stroma. Gross, microscopical and radiological findings were compatible with maxillary osteosarcoma with concurrent osteoma. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, N. J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Fernandez, J. Rodriguez-Ramos; Dubielzig, R. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Drees, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Thomas, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM nthomas@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey. We thank M. Pinkerton and V. Shearn-Bochsler for their comments. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG-OCT PY 2012 VL 147 IS 2-3 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.017 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 992RD UT WOS:000307796500040 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MW Hellmann, JJ McLachlan, JM Sax, DF Borevitz, JO Brennan, J Camacho, AE Ceballos, G Clark, JR Doremus, H Early, R Etterson, JR Fielder, D Gill, JL Gonzalez, P Green, N Hannah, L Jamieson, DW Javeline, D Minteer, BA Odenbaugh, J Polasky, S Richardson, DM Root, TL Safford, HD Sala, O Schneider, SH Thompson, AR Williams, JW Vellend, M Vitt, P Zellmer, S AF Schwartz, Mark W. Hellmann, Jessica J. McLachlan, Jason M. Sax, Dov F. Borevitz, Justin O. Brennan, Jean Camacho, Alejandro E. Ceballos, Gerardo Clark, Jamie R. Doremus, Holly Early, Regan Etterson, Julie R. Fielder, Dwight Gill, Jacquelyn L. Gonzalez, Patrick Green, Nancy Hannah, Lee Jamieson, Dale W. Javeline, Debra Minteer, Ben A. Odenbaugh, Jay Polasky, Stephen Richardson, David M. Root, Terry L. Safford, Hugh D. Sala, Osvaldo Schneider, Stephen H. Thompson, Andrew R. Williams, John W. Vellend, Mark Vitt, Pati Zellmer, Sandra TI Managed Relocation: Integrating the Scientific, Regulatory, and Ethical Challenges SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethics; policy; law; conservation; translocation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASSISTED COLONIZATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; FUTURE; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; INVASIONS AB Managed relocation is defined as the movement of species, populations, or genotypes to places outside the areas of their historical distributions to maintain biological diversity or ecosystem functioning with changing climate. It has been claimed that a major extinction event is under way and that climate change is increasing its severity Projections indicating that climate change may drive substantial losses of biodiversity have compelled some scientists to suggest that traditional management strategies are insufficient. The managed relocation of species is a controversial management response to climate change. The published literature has emphasized biological concerns over difficult ethical, legal, and policy issues. Furthermore, ongoing managed relocation actions lack scientific and societal engagement. Our interdisciplinary team considered ethics, law, policy, ecology, and natural resources management in order to identify the key issues of managed relocation relevant for developing sound policies that support decisions for resource management. We recommend that government agencies develop and adopt best practices for managed relocation. C1 [Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.; McLachlan, Jason M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Sax, Dov F.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Borevitz, Justin O.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Brennan, Jean] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Camacho, Alejandro E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Law, Irvine, CA USA. [Camacho, Alejandro E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Land Environm & Nat Resources, Irvine, CA USA. [Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Clark, Jamie R.] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA. [Doremus, Holly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Law, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Early, Regan] Univ Evora, Rui Nabeiro Biodivers Chair, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Evora, Portugal. [Etterson, Julie R.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN USA. [Fielder, Dwight] US Bur Land Management, Washington, DC USA. [Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Geog, Madison, WI USA. [Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Green, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Jamieson, Dale W.] NYU, Environm Studies Program, New York, NY USA. [Javeline, Debra] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Polit Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Minteer, Ben A.; Sala, Osvaldo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Minteer, Ben A.; Sala, Osvaldo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Odenbaugh, Jay] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Philosophy, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Richardson, David M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Root, Terry L.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, Valejo, CA USA. [Schneider, Stephen H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Vellend, Mark] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Vitt, Pati] Chicago Bot Garden, Chicago, IL USA. [Zellmer, Sandra] Univ Nebraska, Coll Law, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Schwartz, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwschwartz@ucdavis.edu RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; Borevitz, Justin/B-5423-2012; OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Camacho, Alejandro/0000-0002-8782-6870; Early, Regan/0000-0003-4108-5904; Vitt, Pati/0000-0002-3727-9178 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0741792, DEB 0741921]; Cedar Tree Foundation FX This article is dedicated to Stephen H. Schneider, who was a member of the Managed Relocation Working Group and a tireless advocate for careful deliberation of climate change issues involving both scientific analysis and social values. He was a giant in our field and a friend and mentor to many of the authors of this article. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants no. DEB 0741792 and no. DEB 0741921 in support of the Managed Relocation Working Group and by a Cedar Tree Foundation grant. NR 65 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 15 U2 175 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2012 VL 62 IS 8 BP 732 EP 743 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.6 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 990JF UT WOS:000307626100006 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF Rubinstein, J Ellsworth, W AF Pollitz, Fred F. Rubinstein, Justin Ellsworth, William TI Source Characterization of Near-Surface Chemical Explosions at SAFOD SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; TECTONIC STRAIN; MOMENT TENSORS; DISPLACEMENTS; MECHANISMS; RELEASE; DENSITY; RATIOS; WAVES; MEDIA AB A series of near-surface chemical explosions conducted at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) main hole were recorded by high-frequency downhole receiver arrays in April 2005. These seismic recordings at depths ranging from the surface to 2.3 km constrain the shallow velocity and attenuation structure as well as the first-order characteristics of the source. Forward modeling of the explosions indicates that a source consisting of combined explosion, delayed implosion, and second-order moment-tensor components (corresponding to a distribution of vertical shear dislocations in the rock directly above the explosion) is sufficient to characterize the generated seismic wave fields to first order. Grid searches over source parameters controlling the nonexplosive components allow for the quantification of distributed vertical shear above the source and the estimation of the moment and time delay of the implosive component relative to the explosion. An estimated implosive to explosive moment ratio of 0.34 to 0.43 indicates a net static moment and positive macroscopic volume change. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; Rubinstein, Justin; Ellsworth, William] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 FU National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AI52-09NA29328]; National Science Foundation FX We thank Coyn Criley of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for conducting the shots. San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a part of Earthscope, a program funded by the National Science Foundation and carried out in cooperation with the USGS, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, Stanford University, and other agencies. We also thank Joe Fletcher and Paul Spudich for their comments on a preliminary draft as well as the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve this paper. This work has been partially supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration Award Number DE-AI52-09NA29328. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1348 EP 1360 DI 10.1785/0120110201 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 985OU UT WOS:000307277100005 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Geist, EL AF Parsons, Tom Geist, Eric L. TI Were Global M >= 8.3 Earthquake Time Intervals Random between 1900 and 2011? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POSTSEISMIC STRESS TRANSFER; SEISMICITY; AFTERSHOCKS; CALIFORNIA; SEQUENCE; ALASKA; RISK AB The pattern of great earthquakes during the past similar to 100 yr raises questions whether large earthquake occurrence is linked across global distances, or whether temporal clustering can be attributed to random chance. Great-earthquake frequency during the past decade in particular has engendered media speculation of heightened global hazard. We therefore examine interevent distributions of Earth's largest earthquakes at one-year resolution, and calculate how compatible they are with a random-in-time Poisson process. We show, using synthetic catalogs, that the probability of any specific global interevent distribution happening is low, and that short-term clusters are the least repeatable features of a Poisson process. We examine the real catalog and find, just as expected from synthetic catalogs, that the least probable M >= 8.3 earthquake intervals during the past 111 yr were the shortest (t < 1 yr) if a Poisson process is active (mean rate of 3.2%). When we study an M >= 8.3 catalog with locally triggered events removed, we find a higher mean rate of 9.5% for 0-1 yr intervals, comparable to the value (11.1%) obtained for simulated catalogs drawn from random-in-time exponential distributions. We emphasize short interevent times here because they are the most obvious and have led to speculation about physical links among global earthquakes. We also find that comparison of the whole 111-yr observed M >= 8.3 interevent distribution (including long quiescent periods) to a Poisson process is not significantly different than the same comparison made with synthetic catalogs. We therefore find no evidence that global great-earthquake occurrence is not a random-in-time Poisson process. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1583 EP 1592 DI 10.1785/0120110282 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 985OU UT WOS:000307277100021 ER PT J AU Blakely, RJ Sherrod, BL Weaver, CS Rohay, AC Wells, RE AF Blakely, Richard J. Sherrod, Brian L. Weaver, Craig S. Rohay, Alan C. Wells, Ray E. TI Tectonic Setting of the Wooded Island Earthquake Swarm, Eastern Washington SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; NORTHERN PUGET LOWLAND; FORE-ARC; CASCADIA; FAULT; SEISMICITY; OREGON; BASIN AB Magnetic anomalies provide insights into the tectonic implications of a swarm of similar to 1500 shallow (similar to 1 km deep) earthquakes that occurred in 2009 on the Hanford site, Washington. Epicenters were concentrated in a 2 km(2) area near Wooded Island in the Columbia River. The largest earthquake (M 3.0) had first motions consistent with slip on a northwest-striking reverse fault. The swarm was accompanied by 35 mm of vertical surface deformation, seen in satellite interferometry (InSAR), interpreted to be caused by similar to 50 mm of slip on a northwest-striking reverse fault and associated bedding-plane fault in the underlying Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). A magnetic anomaly over exposed CRBG at Yakima Ridge 40 km northwest of Wooded Island extends southeastward beyond the ridge to the Columbia River, suggesting that the Yakima Ridge anticline and its associated thrust fault extend southeastward in the subsurface. In map view, the concealed anticline passes through the earthquake swarm and lies parallel to reverse faults determined from first motions and InSAR data. A forward model of the magnetic anomaly near Wooded Island is consistent with uplift of concealed CRBG, with the top surface <200 m below the surface. The earthquake swarm and the thrust and bedding-plane faults modeled from interferometry all fall within the northeastern limb of the faulted anticline. Although fluids may be responsible for triggering the Wooded Island earthquake swarm, the seismic and aseismic deformation are consistent with regional-scale tectonic compression across the concealed Yakima Ridge anticline. C1 [Blakely, Richard J.; Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.; Weaver, Craig S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rohay, Alan C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Characterizat & Risk Assessment Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Blakely, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1786 EP 1795 DI 10.1785/0120110189 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 985OU UT WOS:000307277100034 ER PT J AU van Manen, SM Blake, S Dehn, J AF van Manen, Saskia M. Blake, S. Dehn, J. TI Satellite thermal infrared data of Shiveluch, Kliuchevskoi and Karymsky, 1993-2008: effusion, explosions and the potential to forecast ash plumes SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal remote sensing; Shiveluch; Kliuchevskoi; Karymsky; Crater lake; AVHRR ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; LAVA DOME EXTRUSION; REAL-TIME; KAMCHATKA; ERUPTION; MONTSERRAT; PRESSURIZATION; DEFORMATION; EMPLACEMENT; MECHANISMS AB This paper presents an analysis of Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal data from Shiveluch, Kliuchevskoi and Karymsky (Kamchatka, Russia) from 1993 to 2008. These different volcanoes show contrasting and variable patterns in their thermal data and lack reliable precursory thermal trends prior to large explosions. Pixel-integrated temperatures (pirT) at Shiveluch were above background during three phases: (1) 1993-1995, (2) 2001-2005 and (3) 2006-time of writing, each of which was associated with growth of an andesitic dome punctuated by explosions. The coarse spatial resolution of the AVHRR may have prevented observation of precursory thermal patterns at this volcano. Kliuchevskoi showed five phases, these show a rapid (days) or gradual (weeks to months) increase in temperature followed by rapid drop-offs, suggesting these basaltic eruptions start explosively, followed by lava effusion or vice versa. Fast magma ascent rates probably prevent the generation of thermal precursors. At Karymsky, elevated pirT values cluster into seven phases showing three trends: (1) persistently high pirT, (2) a gradual increase and decrease and (3) gradual increase followed by steep drop-offs. These trends are due to the extrusion of viscous andesitic-dacitic lava, not to Strombolian-Vulcanian activity, and show no consistent pattern prior to large explosions. PirT values at Karymsky Lake reflect the dyke intrusion that started the 1996 eruptive cycle at Karymsky. The values obtained here provide a baseline against which to monitor these volcanoes and Karymsky Lake in the future. C1 [van Manen, Saskia M.; Blake, S.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Volcano Dynam Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Dehn, J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP van Manen, SM (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Volcano Dynam Grp, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM Saskia.vanManen@open.ac.uk FU Geological Society of London FX Grants from the Geological Society of London funded SMvM's visit to the AVO while the paper was being completed. DA Rothery provided feedback on the manuscript. Letitzia Spampinato, Matt Patrick, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1335 DI 10.1007/s00445-012-0599-8 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 976LO UT WOS:000306586400004 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Clemens, BJ Clugston, D Jackson, AD Moser, ML Peery, C Statler, DP AF Ward, David L. Clemens, Benjamin J. Clugston, David Jackson, Aaron D. Moser, Mary L. Peery, Chris Statler, David P. TI Translocating Adult Pacific Lamprey within the Columbia River Basin: State of the Science SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ANADROMOUS PARASITIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; UPSTREAM; BIOLOGY; OREGON AB The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is in decline in the Columbia River Basin, and translocating adult lamprey to bypass difficult migration corridors has been implemented since 2000. We describe and report results from two current translocation programs, provide context for use of translocation, and discuss potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties. Both translocation programs appear to have increased the number of spawning adults and the presence of larvae and juveniles; however, any subsequent increase in naturally spawning adults will require at least one, and likely more, generations to be realized. It was seen that the number of adults entering the Umatilla River increased beginning four years after the first translocations. Potential benefits of translocation programs are increased pheromone production by ammocoetes to attract adults, increased lamprey distribution and abundance in target areas, increased marine-derived nutrients, and promotion of tribal culture. Potential risks include disruption of population structure and associated genetic adaptations, disease transmission, and depletion of donor stocks. C1 [Ward, David L.] HDR Engn Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clugston, David] USA, Corps Engn, Portland, OR 97209 USA. [Jackson, Aaron D.] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peery, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), HDR Engn Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM david.ward@hdrinc.com NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2012 VL 37 IS 8 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.704818 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 992VX UT WOS:000307809400003 ER PT J AU Moffitt, CM AF Moffitt, Christine M. TI Diversity in Natural Resource Science Professions Using Feminine Attributes to Broaden Diversity SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2012 VL 37 IS 8 BP 376 EP 377 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.716321 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 992VX UT WOS:000307809400005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MD Betancourt, JL Weltzin, JF AF Schwartz, Mark D. Betancourt, Julio L. Weltzin, Jake F. TI From Caprio's lilacs to the USA National Phenology Network SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Continental-scale monitoring is vital for understanding and adapting to temporal changes in seasonal climate and associated phenological responses. The success of monitoring programs will depend on recruiting, retaining, and managing members of the public to routinely collect phenological observations according to standardized protocols. Here, we trace the development of infrastructure for phenological monitoring in the US, culminating in the USA National Phenology Network, a program that engages scientists and volunteers. C1 [Schwartz, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.; Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] USA, Natl Coordinating Off, Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Schwartz, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM mds@uwm.edu FU US Geological Survey; University of Arizona; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Wildlife Society; US National Park Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [IOS-0639794]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We dedicate this contribution to the memory of the late Joseph M Caprio. The USA-NPN gratefully acknowledges sponsoring organizations: US Geological Survey, University of Arizona, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, The Wildlife Society, US National Park Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation (IOS-0639794), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Staff from the USA-NPN National Coordinating Office collaboratively developed the description of the contemporary network in the body of the text and in Web Panel 2. NR 7 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 10 IS 6 SI SI BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1890/110281 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983VK UT WOS:000307146600012 ER PT J AU D'Errico, ME Lackey, JS Surpless, BE Loewy, SL Wooden, JL Barnes, JD Strickland, A Valley, JW AF D'Errico, Megan E. Lackey, Jade Star Surpless, Benjamin E. Loewy, Staci L. Wooden, Joseph L. Barnes, Jaime D. Strickland, Ariel Valley, John W. TI A detailed record of shallow hydrothermal fluid flow in the Sierra Nevada magmatic arc from low-delta O-18 skarn garnets SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; WOLLASTONITE; CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITS AB Garnet from skarns exposed at Empire Mountain, Sierra Nevada (California, United States) batholith, have variable delta O-18 values including the lowest known delta O-18 values of skarn garnet (-4.0 parts per thousand) in North America. Such values indicate that surface-derived meteoric water was a significant component of the fluid budget of the skarn-forming hydrothermal system, which developed in response to shallow emplacement (similar to 3.3 km) of the 109 Ma quartz diorite of Empire Mountain. Values of delta O-18, measured in situ across single garnet crystals by secondary ion mass spectrometry, vary considerably (up to 7 parts per thousand) and sometimes abruptly, indicating variable mixing of meteoric, magmatic, and metamorphic water. Brecciation in the skarns and alteration of the Empire Mountain pluton suggests that fracture-enhanced permeability was a critical control on the depth to which surface waters penetrated to form skarns and later alter the pluton. Compared to other Sierran systems, much greater volumes of skarn rock suggest an exceptionally vigorous hydrothermal system that saw unusually high levels of decarbonation reaction progress, likely a consequence of the magma intruding relatively cold wallrocks inboard of the main locus of magmatism in the Sierran arc at that time. C1 [D'Errico, Megan E.; Surpless, Benjamin E.] Trinity Univ, Dept Geol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. [Lackey, Jade Star] Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford SHRIMP Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Loewy, Staci L.; Barnes, Jaime D.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Strickland, Ariel; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, WiscSIMS, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP D'Errico, ME (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. EM JadeStar.Lackey@pomona.edu RI Barnes, Jaime/B-5454-2011; Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU Keck Geology Consortium [NSF-REU-1062720]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0319230, 0744079, 1053466]; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX We thank H. Werner and K. Nydick for assistance with permitting for field work in Sequoia National Park. J. Starnes and E. Klemetti assisted in the field. In the laboratories, we were assisted by N. Kita, J. Kern (SIMS), M. Spicuzza (University of Wisconsin, laser), T. Larson (University of Texas, laser), and J. Fournelle (EPMA). L. Anderson helped with the barometry. We thank J. Ferry, L. Meinert, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that helped us present the findings more clearly. The field study was funded by the Keck Geology Consortium (NSF-REU-1062720). The WiscSIMS ion microprobe laboratory is partly supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0319230, 0744079, and 1053466, and by the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2012 VL 40 IS 8 BP 763 EP 766 DI 10.1130/G33008.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 983CF UT WOS:000307093100023 ER PT J AU Cawley, KM Butler, KD Aiken, GR Larsen, LG Huntington, TG McKnight, DM AF Cawley, Kaelin M. Butler, Kenna D. Aiken, George R. Larsen, Laurel G. Huntington, Thomas G. McKnight, Diane M. TI Identifying fluorescent pulp mill effluent in the Gulf of Maine and its watershed SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Maine; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Dissolved organic matter (DOM); Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC); Pulp mill effluent ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PARALLEL FACTOR-ANALYSIS; SURFACE WATERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; EUTROPHICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; ESTUARY; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS AB Using fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) we characterized and modeled the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in samples from the Penobscot River, Androscoggin River, Penobscot Bay, and the Gulf of Maine (GoM). We analyzed excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) using an existing PARAFAC model (Cory and McKnight, 2005) and created a system-specific model with seven components (GoM PARAFAC). The GoM PARAFAC model contained six components similar to those in other PARAFAC models and one unique component with a spectrum similar to a residual found using the Cory and McKnight (2005) model. The unique component was abundant in samples from the Androscoggin River immediately downstream of a pulp mill effluent release site. The detection of a PARAFAC component associated with an anthropogenic source of DOM, such as pulp mill effluent, demonstrates the importance for rigorously analyzing PARAFAC residuals and developing system-specific models. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cawley, Kaelin M.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Butler, Kenna D.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Larsen, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Huntington, Thomas G.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Cawley, KM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, SE Environm Res Ctr, Marine Sci Bldg,Room 250E,3000 NE 151st St, N Miami, FL 33319 USA. EM kcawley@fiu.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 FU NASA [NNH04AA66I, NNH08A157I]; US Geological Survey National Research Program FX We thank Matthew Miller and Rudolf Jaffe for their helpful comments. The authors also thank Eric Parrish for help preparing the figures. We thanks S. Michelle Bourret for laboratory analyses. Funding is acknowledged from NASA Grants NNH04AA66I and NNH08A157I and the US Geological Survey National Research Program. The use of trade names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1678 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.040 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 988LP UT WOS:000307492800032 PM 22768803 ER PT J AU Ribic, CA Sheavly, SB Klavitter, J AF Ribic, Christine A. Sheavly, Seba B. Klavitter, John TI Baseline for beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Beaches; Midway Atoll; United States; Baseline; Plastic ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ACCUMULATION; ZONE AB Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008-July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and polypropylene. Identifiable items were 28% of the total; 88% of the identifiable items were in the fishing/aquaculture/shipping-related and beverage/household products-related categories. Identifiable items were lowest during April-August, while pieces were at their lowest during June-August. Sites facing the North Pacific Gyre received the most debris and proportionately more pieces. More debris tended to be found on Sand Island when the Subtropical Convergence Zone was closer to the Atoll. This information can be used for potential mitigation and to understand the impacts of large-scale events such as the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sheavly, Seba B.] Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. [Klavitter, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. RP Ribic, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 218 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM caribic@wisc.edu; seba@sheavlyconsultants.com; john_klavitter@fws.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Dow Chemical Company; US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program FX We thank all the volunteers of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Friends of Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge who collected the data used in this paper. We thank D. Rugg, T. Work, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. Funding for this project was awarded to the Friends of Midway Atoll by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and The Dow Chemical Company. The US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program funded the statistical analysis of the data used in this paper. We thank E. Erdmann for making Fig. 1 and his GIS work for the isotherm analysis. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use by the US Government. We thank the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin. Madison, for assistance with publication expenses. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1726 EP 1729 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.001 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 988LP UT WOS:000307492800038 PM 22575495 ER PT J AU Pacifici, K Dorazio, RM Conroy, MJ AF Pacifici, Krishna Dorazio, Robert M. Conroy, Michael J. TI A two-phase sampling design for increasing detections of rare species in occupancy surveys SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE monitoring; occupancy estimation; survey design; survey effort; threatened and endangered species ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; IMPERFECT DETECTION; DECISION-MAKING; RAINBOW-TROUT; CONSERVATION; INFERENCE; RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; MODELS; GIS AB 1. Occupancy estimation is a commonly used tool in ecological studies owing to the ease at which data can be collected and the large spatial extent that can be covered. One major obstacle to using an occupancy-based approach is the complications associated with designing and implementing an efficient survey. These logistical challenges become magnified when working with rare species when effort can be wasted in areas with none or very few individuals. 2. Here, we develop a two-phase sampling approach that mitigates these problems by using a design that places more effort in areas with higher predicted probability of occurrence. We compare our new sampling design to traditional single-season occupancy estimation under a range of conditions and population characteristics. We develop an intuitive measure of predictive error to compare the two approaches and use simulations to assess the relative accuracy of each approach. 3. Our two-phase approach exhibited lower predictive error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach in highly spatially correlated environments. The difference was greatest when detection probability was high (0.75) regardless of the habitat or sample size. When the true occupancy rate was below 0.4 (0.050.4), we found that allocating 25% of the sample to the first phase resulted in the lowest error rates. 4. In the majority of scenarios, the two-phase approach showed lower error rates compared to the traditional single-season approach suggesting our new approach is fairly robust to a broad range of conditions and design factors and merits use under a wide variety of settings. 5. Synthesis and applications. Conservation and management of rare species are a challenging task facing natural resource managers. It is critical for studies involving rare species to efficiently allocate effort and resources as they are usually of a finite nature. We believe our approach provides a framework for optimal allocation of effort while maximizing the information content of the data in an attempt to provide the highest conservation value per unit of effort. C1 [Pacifici, Krishna] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pacifici, Krishna] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Conroy, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pacifici, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM krishna_pacifici@ncsu.edu FU Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Ecology at the University of Georgia FX We would like to acknowledge the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the School of Ecology at the University of Georgia for funding support to the first author. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 721 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00201.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981JA UT WOS:000306961700012 ER PT J AU Schoolmaster, DR Grace, JB Schweiger, EW AF Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. Grace, James B. Schweiger, E. William TI A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioassessment; Biological integrity; human disturbance; Index of Biological Integrity; multimetric indices; monitoring programme ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WESTERN USA; STREAMS; FISH; RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATES; METRICS; IBI AB 1. Stewardship of biological and ecological resources requires the ability to make integrative assessments of ecological integrity. One of the emerging methods for making such integrative assessments is multimetric indices (MMIs). These indices synthesize data, often from multiple levels of biological organization, with the goal of deriving a single index that reflects the overall effects of human disturbance. Despite the widespread use of MMIs, there is uncertainty about why this approach can be effective. An understanding of MMIs requires a quantitative theory that illustrates how the properties of candidate metrics relates to MMIs generated from those metrics. 2. We present the initial basis for such a theory by deriving the general mathematical characteristics of MMIs assembled from metrics. We then use the theory to derive quantitative answers to the following questions: Is there an optimal number of metrics to comprise an index? How does covariance among metrics affect the performance of the index derived from those metrics? And what are the criteria to decide whether a given metric will improve the performance of an index? 3. We find that the optimal number of metrics to be included in an index depends on the theoretical distribution of signal of the disturbance gradient contained in each metric. For example, if the rank-ordered parameters of a metric-disturbance regression can be described by a monotonically decreasing function, then an optimum number of metrics exists and can often be derived analytically. We derive the conditions by which adding a given metric can be expected to improve an index. 4. We find that the criterion defining such conditions depends nonlinearly of the signal of the disturbance gradient, the noise (error) of the metric and the correlation of the metric errors. Importantly, we find that correlation among metric errors increases the signal required for the metric to improve the index. 5. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides the basis for understanding the properties of MMIs. It can also be useful throughout the index construction process. Specifically, it can be used to aid understanding of the benefits and limitations of combining metrics into indices; it can inform selection/collection of candidate metrics; and it can be used directly as a decision aid in effective index construction. C1 [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Schweiger, E. William] Rocky Mt Network, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Schoolmaster, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM schoolmasterd@usgs.gov OI Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU USGS FX We thank Kathy Irvine for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. We also thank John Van Sickle and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported, in part, by funding from the USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00200.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981JA UT WOS:000306961700017 ER PT J AU Bradley, DN Tucker, GE AF Bradley, D. Nathan Tucker, Gregory E. TI Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bedload transport; stochastic models; tracers; PIT tags; RFID ID STOCHASTIC-THEORY; PIT TAGS; SEDIMENT; MOVEMENT; CHANNEL; PARTICLES; FREQUENCY; STREAM; MODEL; SIZE AB Random walk models of fluvial sediment transport recognize that grains move intermittently, with short duration steps separated by rests that are comparatively long. These models are built upon the probability distributions of the step length and the resting time. Motivated by these models, tracer experiments have attempted to measure directly the steps and rests of sediment grains in natural streams. This paper describes results from a large tracer experiment designed to test stochastic transport models. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to label 893 coarse gravel clasts and placed them in Halfmoon Creek, a small alpine stream near Leadville, Colorado, USA. The PIT tags allow us to locate and identify tracers without picking them up or digging them out of the streambed. They also enable us to find a very high percentage of our rocks, 98% after three years and 96% after the fourth year. We use the annual tracer displacement to test two stochastic transport models, the EinsteinHubbellSayre (EHS) model and the YangSayre gamma-exponential model (GEM). We find that the GEM is a better fit to the observations, particularly for slower moving tracers and suggest that the strength of the GEM is that the gamma distribution of step lengths approximates a compound Poisson distribution. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bradley, D. Nathan] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bradley, DN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Suite 400,4620 Technol Dr, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM nbradley@usgs.gov OI TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU CIRES; Army Research Office [47033-EV]; USGS FX This work was funded by in part by a 2007 CIRES Innovative Research Program Grant and by an Army Research Office grant, proposal number 47033-EV. Ongoing support is provided by a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship. Thanks to John Pitlick for suggesting the Halfmoon Creek study site. Warren Leach at OregonRFID has been extremely responsive to our many questions and requests about the RFID detection equipment. Marwan Hassan and Brandon McElroy provided helpful reviews. Many thanks for help in the field to Lyndsay Ball, Katy Barnhart, Cory Barringhaus, Tim Bartholomaus, David Bradley, Ali Drake, Christine Fanchiang, Alaina Feltenberger, Abby Langston, Scott McCoy, Erich Mueller, Angela Mundt, John Pitlick, Stephanie Shepard, Cam Wobus, Tarka Wilcox, Andy Wickert, Brian Yanites. Special thanks are due to Dylan Ward, who helped with all four recovery campaigns. Additional thanks to Erich Mueller for sharing data from his work on Halfmoon Creek and to Carl Legleiter for sharing his channel coordinate system transformation code. Any use of trade, firm, or industry names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1034 EP 1045 DI 10.1002/esp.3223 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 983LU UT WOS:000307121600002 ER PT J AU Eppinger, RG Fey, DL Giles, SA Kelley, KD Smith, SM AF Eppinger, Robert G. Fey, David L. Giles, Stuart A. Kelley, Karen D. Smith, Steven M. TI An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high resolution ICP-MS SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE porphyry Cu; exploration; hydrogeochemistry; high resolution ICP-MS; Alaska ID EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA; ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; COPPER-DEPOSITS; ATACAMA DESERT; PUERTO-RICO; CHILE; GROUNDWATER; WATER; ANOMALIES; DISTRICT AB A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding mineral occurrences. Surface water and groundwater samples from regional background and the deposit area were collected at 168 sites. Rigorous quality control reveals impressive results at low nanogram per litre (ng/l) levels. Sites with pH values below 5.1 are from ponds in the Pebble West area, where sulphide-bearing rubble crop is thinly covered. Relative to other study area waters, anomalous concentrations of Cu, Cd, K, Ni, Re, the REE, Tl, SO(4)(2-)and F- are present in water samples from Pebble West. Samples from circum-neutral waters at Pebble East and parts of Pebble West, where cover is much thicker, have anomalous concentrations of Ag, As, In, Mn, Mo, Sb, Th, U, V, and W. Low-level anomalous concentrations for most of these elements were also found in waters surrounding nearby porphyry and skarn mineral occurrences. Many of these elements are present in low ng/l concentration ranges and would not have been detected using traditional quadrupole ICP-MS. Hydrogeochemical exploration paired with high resolution ICP-MS is a powerful new tool in the search for concealed deposits. C1 [Eppinger, Robert G.; Fey, David L.; Giles, Stuart A.; Kelley, Karen D.; Smith, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Eppinger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM eppinger@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/11-RA-070 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 983KY UT WOS:000307119400002 ER PT J AU Henley, RW Berger, BR AF Henley, R. W. Berger, B. R. TI Pyrite-sulfosalt reactions and semimetal fractionation in the Chinkuashih, Taiwan, copper-gold deposit: a 1 Ma paleo-fumarole SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE arsenic; copper; enargite; fumarole; gold; high-sulfidation; magmatic vapor; solfatara ID PHASE RELATIONS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FLUID-INCLUSION; VOLCANIC GASES; AS-S; SYSTEM; SULFUR; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOLUBILITY; EVOLUTION AB The mineralized fracture system that underlay paleo-fumarole field at Chinkuashih, Taiwan has been exposed by coppergold mining to depths of about 550 m below the paleo-surface. Its mineralogy and systematic variations in metal and semimetal (Fe, Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Pb, Se, Te, Au, Ag) concentrations provide insights into the chemical responses of a magmatic-vapor phase as it expands through fracture arrays to the surface and discharges as fumaroles associated with more extensive solfatara. At Chinkuashih, following initial sealing of the fractures by silica-alunite alteration, brittle failure reestablished discharge from an underlying reservoir of magmatic vapor. Crystalline pyrite was deposited first in the fractures and was succeeded and replaced by enargite (Cu3(As,Sb)S4) as sulfosalt encrustations (sublimate) on fracture surfaces and in extensional cracks. Subsequent recrystallization resulted in complex exsolution intergrowths with antimony fractionation to the evolving crystalvapor interface. Heavy metal fractionation between sulfosalt and vapor enriched the vapor phase in heavy metals that subsequently precipitated as complex BiHgSn sulfosalts in discrete areas (paleo-fumaroles) close to the paleo-surface in a manner analogous to modern-day fumaroles on active volcanoes such as Vulcano, Italy. As in similar paleo-fumaroles (e.g., El Indio, Chile and Lepanto, Philippines), the most characteristic reaction sequence is the partial replacement of the early pyrite by enargite and Fe-tennantite. It is proposed that this reaction tracks the decrease in the pressure of the underlying magmatic-vapor reservoir because of the sustained discharge of vapor to the surface. C1 [Henley, R. W.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Berger, B. R.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Henley, RW (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM r.143.henley@gmail.com NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2012.00367.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 989IK UT WOS:000307553300005 ER PT J AU Toccalino, PL Norman, JE Scott, JC AF Toccalino, Patricia L. Norman, Julia E. Scott, Jonathon C. TI Chemical mixtures in untreated water from public-supply wells in the U.S. - Occurrence, composition, and potential toxicity SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chemical mixtures; Groundwater; Public water supply; Occurrence; Screening; Potential toxicity ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; MULTIPLE CHEMICALS; DRINKING-WATER; EXPOSURE AB Chemical mixtures are prevalent in groundwater used for public water supply, but little is known about their potential health effects. As part of a large-scale ambient groundwater study, we evaluated chemical mixtures across multiple chemical classes, and included more chemical contaminants than in previous studies of mixtures in public-supply wells. We (1) assessed the occurrence of chemical mixtures in untreated source-water samples from public-supply wells, (2) determined the composition of the most frequently occurring mixtures, and (3) characterized the potential toxicity of mixtures using a new screening approach. The U.S. Geological Survey collected one untreated water sample from each of 383 public wells distributed across 35 states, and analyzed the samples for as many as 91 chemical contaminants. Concentrations of mixture components were compared to individual human-health benchmarks; the potential toxicity of mixtures was characterized by addition of benchmark-normalized component concentrations. Most samples (84%) contained mixtures of two or more contaminants, each at concentrations greater than one-tenth of individual benchmarks. The chemical mixtures that most frequently occurred and had the greatest potential toxicity primarily were composed of trace elements (including arsenic, strontium, or uranium), radon, or nitrate. Herbicides, disinfection by-products, and solvents were the most common organic contaminants in mixtures. The sum of benchmark-normalized concentrations was greater than 1 for 58% of samples, suggesting that there could be potential for mixtures toxicity in more than half of the public-well samples. Our findings can be used to help set priorities for groundwater monitoring and suggest future research directions for drinking-water treatment studies and for toxicity assessments of chemical mixtures in water resources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Toccalino, Patricia L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Norman, Julia E.] USGS, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Scott, Jonathon C.] USGS, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Toccalino, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ptocca@usgs.gov; jnorman@usgs.gov; jon@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 431 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.044 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 980IX UT WOS:000306887900031 PM 22687436 ER PT J AU Martens, UC Brueckner, HK Mattinson, CG Liou, JG Wooden, JL AF Martens, Uwe C. Brueckner, Hannes K. Mattinson, Christopher G. Liou, Juhn G. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism of the Chuacus complex, Central Guatemala: Record of Late Cretaceous continental subduction of North America's sialic basement SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE High-pressure metamorphism; Continental subduction; U-Pb geochronology; Caribbean-North America plate boundary; Late Cretaceous ID MOTAGUA FAULT ZONE; CARIBBEAN PLATE; MAYA BLOCK; MINERAL CHEMISTRY; CAYMAN TROUGH; EVOLUTION; EXHUMATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; TECTONICS; COLLISION AB A Late Cretaceous collision of the southernmost portion of the North American continental margin with an undetermined southern block was first established based on the sedimentation history of the plate's supracrustal cover, which is overthrust by harzburgite-dominated nappes of the Guatemala Suture Complex. The collision is also well registered in the metamorphic evolution of continental eclogites of the Chuacus complex, a geologic unit that represents Mesoproterozoic-Triassic sialic basement of North America at the boundary with the Caribbean plate. Garnet-clinopyroxene-phengite thermobarometry of eclogites hosted in Chuacus gneisses indicates near ultra-high-pressure conditions to similar to 700 degrees C and similar to 2.1-2.4 GPa. SHRIMP-RG U-Pb dating of eclogite metamorphic zircon yielded a 75.5 +/- 2 Ma age (95% confidence level). Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns of zircon lack Eu anomalies and show depletions in heavy rare earths, consistent with zircon growing in a plagioclase-free, garnet-rich, eclogite-facies assemblage. Additionally, a Sm-Nd clinopyroxene-two garnet-whole rock isochron from an eclogite band yielded a less precise but consistent age of 77 +/- 13 Ma. The above features imply subduction to >60 km depth of at least a portion of the North American sialic basement during Late Cretaceous collision. The Chuacus complex was overprinted by an amphibolite-facies event. For instance, mafic high-pressure paragneiss contains symplectite, resorbed garnet, and amphibole + plagioclase poikiloblasts. Zircon rims from the paragneiss sample show rare-earth patterns consistent with plagioclase growth and garnet breakdown. Their 74.5 +/- 3.5 Ma SHRIMP-RG U-Pb age is therefore interpreted as the time of retrogression, which is consistent with previously published results. Within error, the ages of the eclogite-facies event and the amphibolite-facies retrogression are equivalent. Thus exhumation of the Chuacus slab from mantle to mid-crustal depth was quick, taking few million years. During exhumation, partial melting of Chuacus gneisses generated ubiquitous pegmatites. One of the pegmatites intruded the North Motagua melange, which is a serpentinite-rich subduction complex of the Guatemala Suture Complex containing Early Cretaceous oceanic eclogites. U-Pb. Rb-Sr, and K-Ar ages of the pegmatite range similar to 76-66 Ma. Thus initial juxtaposition of continental and oceanic high-pressure belts of the Guatemala Suture Complex predates Tertiary-present strike-slip faulting between the North-American and Caribbean plates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martens, Uwe C.; Mattinson, Christopher G.; Liou, Juhn G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brueckner, Hannes K.] CUNY, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Brueckner, Hannes K.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Brueckner, Hannes K.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Martens, UC (reprint author), Tecton Anal Inc, 1315 Alma Ave,Ste 134, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. EM umartens@zoho.com FU NSF [EAR 0510325, EAR 0309832]; Stanford McGee Fund; IGCP Project [546] FX This work was funded by NSF Grants EAR 0510325 to J.G. Liou, EAR 0309832 to H.K. Brueckner, and the Stanford McGee Fund to U. Martens. This project is part of IGCP Project 546 on "Subduction Zones of the Caribbean." It is contribution 7546 of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. Gratitude is expressed to B. Jones, who extensively helped during microprobe analysis, J. Padilla for fieldwork assistance, and to W.G. Ernst and Antonio Garcia-Casco who revised an early draft of the manuscript. Brad Hacker and Lothar Ratschbacher are thanked for their constructive criticism of an initial version of the manuscript, and Walter Maresch for reviewing the final version of the article. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD AUG PY 2012 VL 146 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.04.021 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 975UL UT WOS:000306536900001 ER PT J AU Osland, MJ Spivak, AC Nestlerode, JA Lessmann, JM Almario, AE Heitmuller, PT Russell, MJ Krauss, KW Alvarez, F Dantin, DD Harvey, JE From, AS Cormier, N Stagg, CL AF Osland, Michael J. Spivak, Amanda C. Nestlerode, Janet A. Lessmann, Jeannine M. Almario, Alejandro E. Heitmuller, Paul T. Russell, Marc J. Krauss, Ken W. Alvarez, Federico Dantin, Darrin D. Harvey, James E. From, Andrew S. Cormier, Nicole Stagg, Camille L. TI Ecosystem Development After Mangrove Wetland Creation: Plant-Soil Change Across a 20-Year Chronosequence SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE functional equivalency; carbon accumulation; succession; facilitation; wetland restoration; wetland creation; mangrove forest; salt marsh; Tampa Bay Florida ID SALT-MARSH; SEA-LEVEL; RESTORATION; FORESTS; CARBON; ESTABLISHMENT; ACCUMULATION; MITIGATION; SEDIMENT; SEQUESTRATION AB Mangrove wetland restoration and creation efforts are increasingly proposed as mechanisms to compensate for mangrove wetland losses. However, ecosystem development and functional equivalence in restored and created mangrove wetlands are poorly understood. We compared a 20-year chronosequence of created tidal wetland sites in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA) to natural reference mangrove wetlands. Across the chronosequence, our sites represent the succession from salt marsh to mangrove forest communities. Our results identify important soil and plant structural differences between the created and natural reference wetland sites; however, they also depict a positive developmental trajectory for the created wetland sites that reflects tightly coupled plant-soil development. Because upland soils and/or dredge spoils were used to create the new mangrove habitats, the soils at younger created sites and at lower depths (10-30 cm) had higher bulk densities, higher sand content, lower soil organic matter (SOM), lower total carbon (TC), and lower total nitrogen (TN) than did natural reference wetland soils. However, in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm), SOM, TC, and TN increased with created wetland site age simultaneously with mangrove forest growth. The rate of created wetland soil C accumulation was comparable to literature values for natural mangrove wetlands. Notably, the time to equivalence for the upper soil layer of created mangrove wetlands appears to be faster than for many other wetland ecosystem types. Collectively, our findings characterize the rate and trajectory of above- and below-ground changes associated with ecosystem development in created mangrove wetlands; this is valuable information for environmental managers planning to sustain existing mangrove wetlands or mitigate for mangrove wetland losses. C1 [Osland, Michael J.; Spivak, Amanda C.; Nestlerode, Janet A.; Almario, Alejandro E.; Russell, Marc J.; Alvarez, Federico; Dantin, Darrin D.; Harvey, James E.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Spivak, Amanda C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lessmann, Jeannine M.] Eckerd Coll, Galbraith Marine Sci Lab, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [From, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Osland, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM mosland@usgs.gov RI Osland, Michael/D-1814-2014; OI Osland, Michael/0000-0001-9902-8692; Spivak, Amanda/0000-0001-6743-0783; From, Andrew/0000-0002-6543-2627 NR 91 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 15 U2 168 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 848 EP 866 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9551-1 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981FN UT WOS:000306952400012 ER PT J AU McIlroy, SK Allen-Diaz, BH AF McIlroy, S. K. Allen-Diaz, B. H. TI Plant community distribution along water table and grazing gradients in montane meadows of the Sierra Nevada Range (California, USA) SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Community types; Livestock utilization; Plant-water interactions; Species diversity; Wet and mesic ID RIPARIAN MEADOWS; MANAGEMENT; WETLAND; VEGETATION; IMPACTS AB This study aimed to identify dominant plant communities across five wet and mesic meadows in the Sierra Nevada Range (California, USA) and examine the impacts of environmental and grazing gradients on plant community distribution and diversity. Species composition and environmental conditions were recorded in 100 plots over two years. Classification and ordination analyses were used to classify plant communities and identify relationships between community types and both environmental and grazing gradients. We identified the following six plant community types: Carex jonesii, Carex leporinella, Carex nebrascensis, Carex utriculata, Eleocharis pauciflora, and Veratrum californicum. We found strong connections between plant communities and water table variables, with low water table (r (2) = 0.56) and mean water table (r (2) = 0.30) significantly correlated with Axis 1 while high water table (r (2) = 0.29) and elevation were correlated with Axis 3 (r (2) = 0.49). We found significant differences among community types for all three water table variables and for elevation. We found no correlation between grazing and community type classification, but there was a significant difference in grazing levels among community types. The plant communities and relationships to water table found in this work may aid managers in understanding present conditions and identifying future changes in meadow ecosystems. C1 [McIlroy, S. K.; Allen-Diaz, B. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McIlroy, SK (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM smcilroy@usgs.gov; Barbara.Allen-Diaz@ucop.edu FU United States Forest Service, Region 5 FX We thank Ling He, Ann Huber, Tim Doherty, Jason Kreitler, Leslie Roche, Norah Saarman, and John Lorenzano for assistance in the field. The United States Forest Service, Region 5 funded this research. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s11273-012-9253-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 979VU UT WOS:000306850700001 ER PT J AU Vojtech, LN Scharping, N Woodson, JC Hansen, JD AF Vojtech, Lucia N. Scharping, Nicole Woodson, James C. Hansen, John D. TI Roles of Inflammatory Caspases during Processing of Zebrafish Interleukin-1 beta in Francisella noatunensis Infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GILTHEAD SEABREAM; CONVERTING ENZYME; RAINBOW-TROUT; IL-1-BETA; MODEL; ACTIVATION; FISH AB The interleukin-1 family of cytokines are essential for the control of pathogenic microbes but are also responsible for devastating autoimmune pathologies. Consequently, tight regulation of inflammatory processes is essential for maintaining homeostasis. In mammals, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is primarily regulated at two levels, transcription and processing. The main pathway for processing IL-1 beta is the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that forms in the cytosol and which results in the activation of inflammatory caspase (caspase 1) and the subsequent cleavage and secretion of active IL-1 beta. Although zebrafish encode orthologs of IL-1 beta and inflammatory caspases, the processing of IL-1 beta by activated caspase(s) has never been examined. Here, we demonstrate that in response to infection with the fish-specific bacterial pathogen Francisella noatunensis, primary leukocytes from adult zebrafish display caspase-1-like activity that results in IL-1 beta processing. Addition of caspase 1 or pancaspase inhibitors considerably abrogates IL-1 beta processing. As in mammals, this processing event is concurrent with the secretion of cleaved IL-1 beta into the culture medium. Furthermore, two putative zebrafish inflammatory caspase orthologs, caspase A and caspase B, are both able to cleave IL-1 beta, but with different specificities. These results represent the first demonstration of processing and secretion of zebrafish IL-1 beta in response to a pathogen, contributing to our understanding of the evolutionary processes governing the regulation of inflammation. C1 [Vojtech, Lucia N.; Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vojtech, Lucia N.; Scharping, Nicole; Woodson, James C.; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jhansen@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX The research was supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to L.N.V. and by U.S. Geological Survey base funding. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2878 EP 2885 DI 10.1128/IAI.00543-12 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 977PQ UT WOS:000306677300028 PM 22689811 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, J. D. TI Evidence, models, conservation programs and limits to management SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jnichols@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00574.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975AV UT WOS:000306480000003 ER PT J AU Breininger, DR Mazerolle, MJ Bolt, MR Legare, ML Drese, JH Hines, JE AF Breininger, D. R. Mazerolle, M. J. Bolt, M. R. Legare, M. L. Drese, J. H. Hines, J. E. TI Habitat fragmentation effects on annual survival of the federally protected eastern indigo snake SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE detectability; encounter probability; survival; multistate model; endangered species ID DRYMARCHON-COUPERI; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; TIMBER RATTLESNAKES; CENTRAL FLORIDA; ROAD MORTALITY; MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; CONSERVATION; GEORGIA AB The eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi) is a federally listed species, most recently threatened by habitat loss and habitat degradation. In an effort to estimate snake survival, a total of 103 individuals (59 males, 44 females) were followed using radio-tracking from January 1998 to March 2004 in three landscape types that had increasing levels of habitat fragmentation: (1) conservation cores; (2) conservation areas along highways; (3) suburbs. Because of a large number of radio-tracking locations underground for which the state of snakes (i.e. alive or dead) could not be assessed, we employed a multistate approach to model snake apparent survival and encounter probability of live and dead snakes. We predicted that male snakes in suburbs would have the lowest annual survival. We found a transmitter implantation effect on snake encounter probability, as snakes implanted on a given occasion had a lower encounter probability on the next visit compared with snakes not implanted on the previous occasion. Our results indicated that adult eastern indigo snakes have relatively high survival in conservation core areas, but greatly reduced survival in conservation areas along highways and in suburbs. These findings indicate that habitat fragmentation is likely to be the critical factor for species persistence. C1 [Breininger, D. R.; Bolt, M. R.; Drese, J. H.] NASA, Ecol Programs, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Mazerolle, M. J.] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Dept Appl Sci, Ctr Etud Foret, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada. [Legare, M. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Merritt Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, Titusville, FL USA. [Hines, J. E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Breininger, DR (reprint author), NASA, Ecol Programs, IHA 300, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM david.r.breninger@nasa.gov OI Mazerolle, Marc/0000-0002-0486-0310 FU Bailey Wildlife Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US Air Force; US Geological Survey; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The Bailey Wildlife Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, US Air Force, US Geological Survey, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada funded this study. We thank G. Bailey, M. Bailey, J. Berish, P. Burger, C. Hall, R. Koester, L. LaClaire, P. Moler and R. Seigel. We also thank about 60 natural resource professionals that helped us capture indigo snakes for radio-tracking studies. J. D. Nichols provided constructive criticism on the manuscript and thoughtful advice on the modelling strategy. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00524.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975AV UT WOS:000306480000007 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP David, SR Krabbenhoft, DP AF Madenjian, C. P. David, S. R. Krabbenhoft, D. P. TI Trophic Transfer Efficiency of Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PERCH; METHYL MERCURY; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; ACCUMULATION; MICHIGAN; MODEL; WILD; PCB; BIOACCUMULATION AB Based on a laboratory experiment, we estimated the net trophic transfer efficiency of methylmercury to lake trout Salvelinus namaycush from its prey to be equal to 76.6 %. Under the assumption that gross trophic transfer efficiency of methylmercury to lake trout from its prey was equal to 80 %, we estimated that the rate at which lake trout eliminated methylmercury was 0.000244 day(-1). Our laboratory estimate of methylmercury elimination rate was 5.5 times lower than the value predicted by a published regression equation developed from estimates of methylmercury elimination rates for fish available from the literature. Thus, our results, in conjunction with other recent findings, suggested that methylmercury elimination rates for fish have been overestimated in previous studies. In addition, based on our laboratory experiment, we estimated that the net trophic transfer efficiency of inorganic mercury to lake trout from its prey was 63.5 %. The lower net trophic transfer efficiency for inorganic mercury compared with that for methylmercury was partly attributable to the greater elimination rate for inorganic mercury. We also found that the efficiency with which lake trout retained either methylmercury or inorganic mercury from their food did not appear to be significantly affected by the degree of their swimming activity. C1 [Madenjian, C. P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [David, S. R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Krabbenhoft, D. P.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank Jake Ogorek and John DeWild of the USGS Mercury Research Laboratory for determining mercury concentrations in the fish tissue samples. We also thank Joel Blum for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful comments for its improvement. This work was funded in part by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. This article is Contribution 1690 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 2 BP 262 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9767-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 975CG UT WOS:000306483800009 PM 22552852 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JS Reynolds, MH Seavy, NE Krause, CM AF Hatfield, Jeff S. Reynolds, Michelle H. Seavy, Nathaniel E. Krause, Crystal M. TI Population Dynamics of Hawaiian Seabird Colonies Vulnerable to Sea-Level Rise SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; climate change; French Frigate Shoals; Gompertz model; process variation; viable population monitoring; cambio climatico; capacidad de carga; French Frigate Shoals; modelo Gompertz; monitoreo de poblacion viable; variacion del proceso ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TAILED TROPICBIRDS; ISLAND; ERROR; COMPETITION; IMPACTS; ADELIE; TRENDS; MODEL; KAUAI AB Globally, seabirds are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats both at sea and on land. Seabirds typically nest colonially and show strong fidelity to natal colonies, and such colonies on low-lying islands may be threatened by sea-level rise. We used French Frigate Shoals, the largest atoll in the Hawaiian Archipelago, as a case study to explore the population dynamics of seabird colonies and the potential effects sea-level rise may have on these rookeries. We compiled historic observations, a 30-year time series of seabird population abundance, lidar-derived elevations, and aerial imagery of all the islands of French Frigate Shoals. To estimate the population dynamics of 8 species of breeding seabirds on Tern Island from 1980 to 2009, we used a Gompertz model with a Bayesian approach to infer population growth rates, density dependence, process variation, and observation error. All species increased in abundance, in a pattern that provided evidence of density dependence. Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra), Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda), Spectacled Terns (Onychoprion lunatus), and White Terns (Gygis alba) are likely at carrying capacity. Density dependence may exacerbate the effects of sea-level rise on seabirds because populations near carrying capacity on an island will be more negatively affected than populations with room for growth. We projected 12% of French Frigate Shoals will be inundated if sea level rises 1 m and 28% if sea level rises 2 m. Spectacled Terns and shrub-nesting species are especially vulnerable to sea-level rise, but seawalls and habitat restoration may mitigate the effects of sea-level rise. Losses of seabird nesting habitat may be substantial in the Hawaiian Islands by 2100 if sea levels rise 2 m. Restoration of higher-elevation seabird colonies represent a more enduring conservation solution for Pacific seabirds. C1 [Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reynolds, Michelle H.; Krause, Crystal M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Seavy, Nathaniel E.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacif Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Seavy, Nathaniel E.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Hatfield, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jhatfield@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX This research was made possible by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for allowing us to use the 1981 arial photograph, V. Byrd, E. Flint, and M. Naughton for implementing and supporting long-term data collection and sharing the archives of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and T. Benally, P. Hartzell, and P. Leary for sharing data and insights on Tern Island. L. Woodward provided a copy of collected data at the National Archives, and we thank the National Archives Still Picture Reference Team for copyright research on the 1932 Tern Island photograph. We also thank J. Carter, J. Klavitter, and Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument staff for support of the lidar data collection and P. Berkowitz, K. Courtot, M. Gorresen, A. McClung, J. Spendelow, and 2 anonymous individuals for reviewing and contributing to this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01853.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976CY UT WOS:000306559300011 PM 22624702 ER PT J AU Luengen, AC Fisher, NS Bergamaschi, BA AF Luengen, Allison C. Fisher, Nicholas S. Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Dissolved organic matter reduces algal accumulation of methylmercury SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Dissolved organic matter; Phytoplankton; Bioaccumulation ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; FRESH-WATER PHYTOPLANKTON; JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA; MERCURY METHYLATION; TROPHIC TRANSFER; FOOD WEBS; BIOACCUMULATION; CARBON; BIOAVAILABILITY; ELEMENTS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) significantly decreased accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) by the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana in laboratory experiments. Live diatom cells accumulated two to four times more MeHg than dead cells, indicating that accumulation may be partially an energy-requiring process. Methylmercury enrichment in diatoms relative to ambient water was measured by a volume concentration factor (VCF). Without added DOM, the maximum VCF was 32?x?104, and the average VCF (from 10 to 72 h) over all experiments was 12.6?x?104. At very low (1.5 mg/L) added DOM, VCFs dropped by approximately half. At very high (20 mg/L) added DOM, VCFs dropped 10-fold. Presumably, MeHg was bound to a variety of reduced sulfur sites on the DOM, making it unavailable for uptake. Diatoms accumulated significantly more MeHg when exposed to transphilic DOM extracts than hydrophobic ones. However, algal lysate, a labile type of DOM created by resuspending a marine diatom in freshwater, behaved similarly to a refractory DOM isolate from San Francisco Bay. Addition of 67?mu M L-cysteine resulted in the largest drop in VCFs, to 0.28?x?104. Although the DOM composition influenced the availability of MeHg to some extent, total DOM concentration was the most important factor in determining algal bioaccumulation of MeHg. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 17121719. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Luengen, Allison C.; Fisher, Nicholas S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Luengen, AC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM aluengen@usfca.edu OI Luengen, Allison/0000-0002-6896-3650; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 FU California Bay-Delta Authority [U-04-SC-005] FX We thank the members of Fisher and Bergamaschi research groups for their assistance, particularly, S. Zegers for help in the laboratory, T. Kraus for compiling data on the organic matter extracts, and W. Kerlin for analyzing dissolved organic carbon concentrations. We also acknowledge D. Barfuss, Georgia State University, for supplying 203Hg and P. Pickhardt, Lakeland College, for his instruction on 203Hg methylation and other laboratory procedures. We thank P. Raimondi for advice on statistical analyses and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. The present study was prepared for the California Bay-Delta Authority and funded under California Bay-Delta Authority Agreement No. U-04-SC-005. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1712 EP 1719 DI 10.1002/etc.1885 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974ZL UT WOS:000306476100005 PM 22605491 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Hines, JE AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Hines, James E. TI Adult tree swallow survival on the polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Hudson River, New York, USA, between 2006 and 2010 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tree swallow; Annual survival; Hudson River; Polychlorinated biphenyl ID TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; BREEDING DISPERSAL; APPARENT SURVIVAL; HOUSATONIC RIVER; WEATHER; EGGS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; MASSACHUSETTS; MATURATION AB The upper Hudson River basin in east central New York, USA, is highly contaminated, primarily with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Reduced adult survival has been documented in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at a similarly PCB-contaminated river system in western Massachusetts. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether adult survival of tree swallows was likewise affected in the Hudson River basin. Between 2006 and 2010, a total of 521 female tree swallows were banded, of which 148 were retrapped at least once. The authors used Program MARK and an information theoretic approach to test the hypothesis that PCB contamination reduced annual survival of female tree swallows. The model that best described the processes that generated the capture history data included covariate effects of year and female plumage coloration on survival but not PCB/river. Annual survival rates of brown-plumaged females (mostly one year old) were generally lower (mean phi?=?0.39) than those of blue-plumaged females (mean phi?=?0.50, one year or older). Poor early spring weather in 2007 was associated with reduced survival in both plumage-color groups compared to later years. Models with the effects of PCB exposure on survival (all ?AICc values >5.0) received little support. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 17881792. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1788 EP 1792 DI 10.1002/etc.1894 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974ZL UT WOS:000306476100014 PM 22639085 ER PT J AU Pandolfo, TJ Cope, WG Young, GB Jones, JW Hua, D Lingenfelser, SF AF Pandolfo, Tamara J. Cope, W. Gregory Young, George B. Jones, Jess W. Hua, Dan Lingenfelser, Susan F. TI Acute effects of road salts and associated cyanide compounds on the early life stages of the unionid mussel Villosa iris SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; Freshwater mussel; Cyanide; Road salt; Toxicity ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; QUALITY GUIDANCE; UNITED-STATES; TOXICITY; SALINIZATION; UNIONOIDA; COMPLEXES; GLOCHIDIA; EXPOSURE; EFFLUENT AB The toxicity of cyanide to the early life stages of freshwater mussels (order Unionida) has remained unexplored. Cyanide is known to be acutely toxic to other aquatic organisms. Cyanide-containing compounds, such as sodium ferrocyanide and ferric ferrocyanide, are commonly added to road deicing salts as anticaking agents. The purpose of the present study was to assess the acute toxicity of three cyanide compounds (sodium cyanide, sodium ferrocyanide, and ferric ferrocyanide), two road salts containing cyanide anticaking agents (Morton and Cargill brands), a brine deicing solution (Liquidow brand), and a reference salt (sodium chloride) on glochidia (larvae) and juveniles of the freshwater mussel Villosa iris. Sodium ferrocyanide and ferric ferrocyanide were not acutely toxic to glochidia and juvenile mussels at concentrations up to 1,000?mg/L and 100?mg/L, respectively. Lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) for these two chemicals ranged from 10 to >1,000?mg/L. Sodium cyanide was acutely toxic to juvenile mussels, with a 96-h median effective concentration (EC50) of 1.10?mg/L, although glochidia tolerated concentrations up to 10?mg/L. The EC50s for sodium chloride, Liquidow brine, Morton road salt, and Cargill road salt were not significantly different for tests within the same life stage and test duration (range, 1.664.92?g/L). These results indicate that cyanide-containing anticaking agents do not exacerbate the toxicity of road salts, but that the use of road salts and brine solutions for deicing or dust control on roads may warrant further investigation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 18011806. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Pandolfo, Tamara J.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Young, George B.] Virginia Dept Transportat, Bristol, VA USA. [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Lingenfelser, Susan F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Ecol Serv Field Off, Gloucester, VA USA. RP Pandolfo, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tjpandol@ncsu.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS) through US Geological Survey (USGS) [G09AC00447] FX The research described in this publication was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS) through Research Work Order Number G09AC00447 from the US Geological Survey (USGS). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. FWS or USGS. From the Virginia Department of Transportation, we thank L. Snead for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript and M. Fitch for technical assistance on road salt procurement and specifications. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1801 EP 1806 DI 10.1002/etc.1876 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974ZL UT WOS:000306476100016 PM 22573519 ER PT J AU Mwangi, JN Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Hardesty, DK Brunson, EL Li, H Deng, BL AF Mwangi, Joseph N. Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Hardesty, Doug K. Brunson, Eric L. Li, Hao Deng, Baolin TI Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanomaterials; Toxicity; Invertebrate; Aquatic organisms ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; NANOPARTICLES; CONTAMINANTS; ECOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENT; TESTS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hydrophobic in nature and thus tend to accumulate in sediments if released into aquatic environments. As part of our overall effort to examine the toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials to sediment-dwelling invertebrates, we have evaluated the toxicity of different types of CNTs in 14-d water-only exposures to an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), an oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus), and a mussel (Villosa iris) in advance of conducting whole-sediment toxicity tests with CNTs. The results of these toxicity tests conducted with CNTs added to water showed that 1.00?g/L (dry wt) of commercial sources of CNTs significantly reduced the survival or growth of the invertebrates. Toxicity was influenced by the type and source of the CNTs, by whether the materials were precleaned by acid, by whether sonication was used to disperse the materials, and by species of the test organisms. Light and electron microscope imaging of the surviving test organisms showed the presence of CNTs in the gut as well as on the outer surface of the test organisms, although no evidence was observed to show penetration of CNTs through cell membranes. The present study demonstrated that both the metals solubilized from CNTs such as nickel and the metal-free CNTs contributed to the toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 18231830. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Mwangi, Joseph N.; Deng, Baolin] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Hardesty, Doug K.; Brunson, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Li, Hao] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Deng, BL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dengb@missouri.edu OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 FU U.S. EPA STAR program [83331601-0]; Missouri Alliance for Graduate Education; University of Missouri (MU) FX The present study was supported in part by the U.S. EPA STAR program (grant RD 83331601-0) and the Missouri Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate Fellowship to J. Mwangi through the University of Missouri (MU). Wethank MU's Electron Microscopy Core Facility for assistance in preparing and imaging specimens, D. Papoulias for assistance in pathological analysis of the test organism images, and J. Besser for his valuable inputs on this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1823 EP 1830 DI 10.1002/etc.1888 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974ZL UT WOS:000306476100019 PM 22610786 ER PT J AU Nielson, RJ Moffitt, CM Watten, BJ AF Nielson, R. Jordan Moffitt, Christine M. Watten, Barnaby J. TI Toxicity of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide to invasive New Zealand mudsnails SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aquatic toxicity; Mollusk toxicity ID SNAIL POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; MUD SNAILS; DISINFECTANTS; HYDROBIIDAE; HYPERCAPNIA; ORGANISMS; SURVIVAL; SPREAD AB The authors tested the efficacy of elevated partial pressures of CO2 to kill invasive New Zealand mudsnails. The New Zealand mudsnails were exposed to 100?kPa at three water temperatures, and the survival was modeled versus dose as cumulative degrees C-h. We estimated an LD50 of 59.4 degrees C-h for adult and juvenile New Zealand mudsnails. The results suggest that CO2 may be an effective and inexpensive lethal tool to treat substrates, tanks, or materials infested with New Zealand mudsnails. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 18381842. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Watten, Barnaby J.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX The following students and staff at the University of Idaho provided technical assistance: T. Parker, S. Howard, K. Hamilton, K. Teater, C. Smith, and B. Sun. C. Williams provided statistical advice. We thank B. Kenworthy and staff at Hagerman National Fish Hatchery, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for their kind assistance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (P. Heimowitz, project officer) and the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for the present study. We thank the journal reviewers and editors for their improvements to the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1838 EP 1842 DI 10.1002/etc.1877 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974ZL UT WOS:000306476100021 PM 22573531 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Oldale, RN Foster, DS Smith, SM AF Poppe, Lawrence J. Oldale, Robert N. Foster, David S. Smith, Shepard M. TI Glaciotectonic deformation associated with the Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine, westernmost Block Island Sound: further evidence of readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND; GLACIER; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; CANADA; MARGIN; ORIGIN; BASIN AB High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles collected across pro-glacial outwash deposits adjacent to the circa 18 ka b.p. Orient Point-Fishers Island end moraine segment in westernmost Block Island Sound reveal extensive deformation. A rhythmic seismic facies indicates the host outwash deposits are composed of fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. The deformation is variably brittle and ductile, but predominantly compressive in nature. Brittle deformation includes reverse faults and thrust faults that strike parallel to the moraine, and thrust sheets that extend from beneath the moraine. Ductile deformation includes folded sediments that overlie undisturbed deposits, showing that they are not drape features. Other seismic evidence for compression along the ice front consists of undisturbed glaciolacustrine strata that dip back toward and underneath the moraine, and angular unconformities on the sea floor where deformed sediments extend above the surrounding undisturbed correlative strata. Together, these ice-marginal glaciotectonic features indicate that the Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine marks a significant readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet, consistent with existing knowledge for neighboring coeval moraines, and not simply a stillstand as previously reported. C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Foster, David S.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Oldale, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. [Smith, Shepard M.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Off Assistant Secretary Environm Observat & Predi, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson for their help in collecting the chirp data. This work was supported by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This manuscript has benefited from critical internal reviews by Dave Twichell and Bill Schwab (both USGS), and comments from N.R. Golledge. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00367-012-0296-9 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 975EE UT WOS:000306488900001 ER PT J AU Gamelon, M Gaillard, JM Servanty, S Gimenez, O Toigo, C Baubet, E Klein, F Lebreton, JD AF Gamelon, Marlene Gaillard, Jean-Michel Servanty, Sabrina Gimenez, Olivier Toigo, Carole Baubet, Eric Klein, Francois Lebreton, Jean-Dominique TI Making use of harvest information to examine alternative management scenarios: a body weight-structured model for wild boar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body weight-structured model; exploited populations; hunting; optimal harvesting; population dynamics; Sus scrofa scrofa; wildlife management ID HIGH HUNTING PRESSURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARGE HERBIVORES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; RECAPTURE MODELS; GENERATION TIME; SUS-SCROFA; DENSITY; CONSERVATION; SOFTWARE AB 1. Harvest models are often built to explore the sustainability of the dynamics of exploited populations and to help evaluate hunting management scenarios. Age-structured models are commonly used for ungulate population dynamics. However, the age of hunted individuals is usually not recorded, and hunting data often only include body weight and sex limiting the usefulness of traditional models. 2. We propose a new modelling approach that fits data collected by hunters to develop management rules when age is not available. Using wild boar Sus scrofa scrofa as a case study, we built a matrix model structured according to sex and body weight whose output can be directly compared with the observed distribution of hunted individuals among sex and body weight classes. 3. In the face of the current wide scale increase in populations of wild boar, the best feasible option to stop or slow down population growth involves targeting the hunting effort to specific sex and body weight classes. The optimal harvest proportion in the target body weight classes is estimated using sensitivity analyses. 4. The number of individuals shot in each sex and body weight class predicted by our model was closely associated with those recorded in the hunting bag. Increasing the hunting pressure on medium-sized females by 14.6% was the best option to limit growth rate to a target of 0.90. 5. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that targeting hunting effort to specific body weight classes could reliably control population growth. Our modelling approach can be applied to any game species where group composition, phenotypic traits or coat colour allows hunters to easily identify sex and body weight classes. This offers a promising tool for applying selective hunting to the management of game species. C1 [Gamelon, Marlene; Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France. [Gamelon, Marlene; Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Gamelon, Marlene] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-52120 Chateauvillain, France. [Gamelon, Marlene; Gimenez, Olivier; Lebreton, Jean-Dominique] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Servanty, Sabrina] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Toigo, Carole] CNERA Faune Montagne, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-38610 Gieres, France. [Baubet, Eric] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-01330 Montfort, Birieux, France. [Klein, Francois] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-55000 Bar Le Duc, France. RP Gamelon, M (reprint author), Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France. EM marlene.gamelon@univ-lyon1.fr RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02160.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974ZU UT WOS:000306477000010 ER PT J AU Schmerge, D Francis, O Henton, J Ingles, D Jones, D Kennedy, J Krauterbluth, K Liard, J Newell, D Sands, R Schiel, A Silliker, J van Westrum, D AF Schmerge, D. Francis, O. Henton, J. Ingles, D. Jones, D. Kennedy, J. Krauterbluth, K. Liard, J. Newell, D. Sands, R. Schiel, A. Silliker, J. van Westrum, D. TI Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Absolute gravimetry; Gravimeter; GRAV-D; Comparison; Offset ID GRAVITY METERS AB The first North American Comparison of absolute gravimeters (NACAG-2010) was hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at its newly renovated Table Mountain Geophysical Observatory (TMGO) north of Boulder, Colorado, in October 2010. NACAG-2010 and the renovation of TMGO are part of NGS's GRAV-D project (Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum). Nine absolute gravimeters from three countries participated in the comparison. Before the comparison, the gravimeter operators agreed to a protocol describing the strategy to measure, calculate, and present the results. Nine sites were used to measure the free-fall acceleration of g. Each gravimeter measured the value of g at a subset of three of the sites, for a total set of 27 g-values for the comparison. The absolute gravimeters agree with one another with a standard deviation of 1.6 mu Gal (1 Gal a parts per thousand 1 cm s (-2)). The minimum and maximum offsets are -2.8 and 2.7 mu Gal. This is an excellent agreement and can be attributed to multiple factors, including gravimeters that were in good working order, good operators, a quiet observatory, and a short duration time for the experiment. These results can be used to standardize gravity surveys internationally. C1 [Schmerge, D.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Francis, O.] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Henton, J.] Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Ingles, D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Jones, D.; Schiel, A.; van Westrum, D.] Microg LaCoste Inc, Lafayette, CO USA. [Kennedy, J.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Krauterbluth, K.; Sands, R.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [Liard, J.; Silliker, J.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Newell, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmerge, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. EM david.schmerge@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD AUG PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 975ET UT WOS:000306490700002 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Brennan, TJ AF Keeley, Jon E. Brennan, Teresa J. TI Fire-driven alien invasion in a fire-adapted ecosystem SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alien plants; Crown fires; Fire feedbacks; Fire regimes; Type conversion ID COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; SHRUBLANDS; WILDFIRES; BROMUS; RESTORATION; PERSISTENCE; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY AB Disturbance plays a key role in many alien plant invasions. However, often the main driver of invasion is not disturbance per se but alterations in the disturbance regime. In some fire-adapted shrublands, the community is highly resilient to infrequent, high-intensity fires, but changes in the fire regime that result in shorter fire intervals may make these communities more susceptible to alien plant invasions. This study examines several wildfire events that resulted in short fire intervals in California chaparral shrublands. In one study, we compared postfire recovery patterns in sites with different prefire stand ages (3 and 24 years), and in another study we compared sites that had burned once in four years with sites that had burned twice in this period. The population size of the dominant native shrub Adenostoma fasciculatum was drastically reduced following fire in the 3-year sites relative to the 24-year sites. The 3-year sites had much greater alien plant cover and significantly lower plant diversity than the 24-year sites. In a separate study, repeat fires four years apart on the same sites showed that annual species increased significantly after the second fire, and alien annuals far outnumbered native annuals. Aliens included both annual grasses and annual forbs and were negatively correlated with woody plant cover. Native woody species regenerated well after the first fire but declined after the second fire, and one obligate seeding shrub was extirpated from two sites by the repeat fires. It is concluded that some fire-adapted shrublands are vulnerable to changes in fire regime, and this can lead to a loss of native diversity and put the community on a trajectory towards type conversion from a woody to an herbaceous system. Such changes result in alterations in the proportion of natives to non-natives, changes in functional types from deeply rooted shrubs to shallow rooted grasses and forbs, increased fire frequency due to the increase in fine fuels, and changes in carbon storage. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.; Brennan, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov FU USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program; San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) FX We thank Anne Pfaff for GIS assistance. Thanks also to the outstanding effort of our field crews: Darren Kane, Paul Schuette, Meghan Blair, Maya Mazon, Christa Zacharias, Mark Montygierd, Catherine Langenfeld, Nora Brunnell, and Ivy Watson. We acknowledge support from the USDA/DOI Joint Fire Science Program and the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 99 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2012 VL 169 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1052 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2253-8 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 975GA UT WOS:000306494800018 PM 22286083 ER PT J AU Stagg, CL Mendelssohn, IA AF Stagg, Camille L. Mendelssohn, Irving A. TI Littoraria irrorata Growth and Survival in a Sediment-Restored Salt Marsh SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Functional equivalency; Littoraria irrorata; Salt marsh; Secondary productivity; Sediment slurry addition; Spartina alterniflora; Restoration ID LITTORINA-IRRORATA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CLIMBING BEHAVIOR; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SELF-DESIGN; PERIWINKLE; LOUISIANA; PREDATION; RESPONSES; DIEBACK AB The successful restoration of Littoraria irrorata productivity in rehabilitated salt marshes has received little attention, even though this consumer species has the potential to influence salt marsh production through both bottom-up and top-down pathways. We investigated the impact of a relatively new restoration technique, sediment slurry addition, on the growth and survivorship of L. irrorata to determine 1) how different levels of sediment addition and resulting changes in hydrology influenced L. irrorata productivity and 2) whether or not this technique can generate conditions that are optimal for L. irrorata productivity and functionally equivalent to natural marshes. We found that intermediate sediment additions restored L. irrorata growth responses to levels equivalent to natural marshes. Littoraria irrorata growth and survival closely mirrored trends in Spartina alterniflora cover and were greatest at moderate elevations compared to the frequently flooded degraded marshes and areas of high elevation with low soil moisture and fertility. While changes in physico-chemical properties, such as soil moisture, may have a direct influence on L. irrorata, it was the indirect effect of sediment-slurry addition on S. alterniflora that appeared to most influence L. irrorata production, emphasizing the importance of restoring both abiotic and biotic conditions to achieve functional equivalency. C1 [Stagg, Camille L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Stagg, Camille L.; Mendelssohn, Irving A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Stagg, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM staggc@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Sea Grant Program, National Sea Grant Program FX This research was sponsored by the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U. S. Department of Commerce. The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian Marx for statistical assistance and two anonymous reviewers for manuscript review. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help of several research associates and students of the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University, especially Joseph Baustian, Sean Graham and Carey Perry for their field assistance. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0297-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976ON UT WOS:000306594300005 ER PT J AU Shearin, AF Calhoun, AJK Loftin, CS AF Shearin, A. F. Calhoun, A. J. K. Loftin, C. S. TI Evaluation of Listener-Based Anuran Surveys with Automated Audio Recording Devices SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Anuran call surveys; Amphibian monitoring; Audiosurveys; Automated audio recording devices; NAAMP ID AMPHIBIAN-MONITORING-PROGRAM; NEW-YORK-STATE; CALL SURVEYS; MINK FROG; RANA-SEPTENTRIONALIS; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; MULTIPLE STATES; OCCUPANCY; BEHAVIOR; EFFICIENCY AB Volunteer-based audio surveys are used to document long-term trends in anuran community composition and abundance. Current sampling protocols, however, are not region- or species-specific and may not detect relatively rare or audibly cryptic species. We used automated audio recording devices to record calling anurans during 2006-2009 at wetlands in Maine, USA. We identified species calling, chorus intensity, time of day, and environmental variables when each species was calling and developed logistic and generalized mixed models to determine the time interval and environmental variables that optimize detection of each species during peak calling periods. We detected eight of nine anurans documented in Maine. Individual recordings selected from the sampling period (0.5 h past sunset to 0100 h) described in the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) detected fewer species than were detected in recordings from 30 min past sunset until sunrise. Time of maximum detection of presence and full chorusing for three species (green frogs, mink frogs, pickerel frogs) occurred after the NAAMP sampling end time (0100 h). The NAAMP protocol's sampling period may result in omissions and misclassifications of chorus sizes for certain species. These potential errors should be considered when interpreting trends generated from standardized anuran audio surveys. C1 [Shearin, A. F.; Calhoun, A. J. K.] Univ Maine Orono, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. RP Shearin, AF (reprint author), Univ Maine Orono, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM amanda.shearin@umit.maine.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; University of Maine; Maine Association of Wetland Scientists FX This research was supported by funds provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, the University of Maine, and the Maine Association of Wetland Scientists. We thank B. Agius, D. Bavaro, G. Dixon, L. Keener-Eck, D. Morgan, J. Noll, J. Rowe, J. Shrader, J. Torzewski, and J. White for assistance in the field and laboratory. We thank landowners in western and Downeast Maine for access to lakes and wetlands on their properties. Automated recording systems were generously constructed by K. Lesniewicz and G. Dixon (University of Maine) or loaned by L. Bailey (USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center). The research was improved by guidance and recommendations from W. Halteman, K. Simon, and W. Glanz. Review comments provided by L. Bailey, L. Weir, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Government. This is University of Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3257. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 737 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0307-7 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976ON UT WOS:000306594300013 ER PT J AU Guilbault, KR Brown, CS Friedman, JM Shafroth, PB AF Guilbault, K. R. Brown, C. S. Friedman, J. M. Shafroth, P. B. TI The influence of chilling requirement on the southern distribution limit of exotic Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in western North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Russian olive; Exotic plant species; Range limit; Chilling; Germination; Bud-break ID TREE SPECIES RANGE; INVASIVE RIPARIAN TREE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAF PHENOLOGY; SEED DORMANCY; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; BETULA-PENDULA; THERMAL TIME; ALIEN PLANT AB Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), a Eurasian tree now abundant along rivers in western North America, has an apparent southern distribution limit running through southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. We used field observations to precisely define this limit in relation to temperature variables. We then investigated whether lack of cold temperatures south of the limit may prevent the accumulation of sufficient chilling, inhibiting dormancy loss of seeds and buds. We found that Russian olive occurrence was more strongly associated with low winter temperatures than with high summer temperatures, and results of controlled seed germination and vegetative bud-break experiments suggest that the chilling requirements for germination and bud-break are partly responsible for the southern range limit. Both seed germination proportion and germination time decreased under conditions simulating those south of the range limit. Similarly, percentage bud break decreased when chilling dropped below values typical of the range limit. In 17-65% of the years from 1980 to 2000, the chilling accumulated at a site near the range limit (El Paso, TX) would lead to a 10% or more decrease in bud-break. The potential decline in growth could have large fitness consequences for Russian olive. If climate change exhibits a warming trend, our results suggest the chilling requirement for bud-break of Russian olive trees will not be met in some years and its southern range limit may retreat northward. C1 [Guilbault, K. R.; Brown, C. S.; Friedman, J. M.; Shafroth, P. B.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Guilbault, K. R.; Brown, C. S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Friedman, J. M.; Shafroth, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Guilbault, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kim.guilbault@colostate.edu RI Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012; OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Russian olive distribution data were collected by Tom Bates and analyzed by Joanne Saher. Hannah Wilbur, Cynthia Pritekel, James Bromberg, Chrissy Alba-Lynn, Kristen Kascinski, Jess Salo and Patty York provided field and greenhouse help. Amy Angert, Gabrielle Katz and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on previous versions of the manuscript. Funding for this work was generously provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species and Global Change Programs. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2012 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1711 EP 1724 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0182-4 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 973DL UT WOS:000306334500017 ER PT J AU Franco, G Cayan, DR Moser, S Hanemann, M Jones, MA AF Franco, Guido Cayan, Daniel R. Moser, Susanne Hanemann, Michael Jones, Myoung-Ae TI Second California Assessment: integrated climate change impacts assessment of natural and managed systems. Guest editorial (vol 109, pg S1, 2011) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Correction C1 [Franco, Guido] Calif Energy Commiss, Publ Interest Energy Res, Sacramento, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Moser, Susanne] Stanford Univ, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Hanemann, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Econ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jones, Myoung-Ae] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Sacramento, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Moser, Susanne] Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Franco, G (reprint author), Calif Energy Commiss, Publ Interest Energy Res, Sacramento, CA USA. EM Gfranco@Energy.state.ca.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2012 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 1099 EP 1100 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0520-7 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 973EA UT WOS:000306337100032 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Vandehey, JA AF Fincel, M. J. Vandehey, J. A. TI Non-lethal sampling of walleye for stable isotope analysis: a comparison of three tissues SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet assessment; fin; muscle; Sander vitreus; scale; split-sample validation ID FOOD-WEB; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; SMALLMOUTH BASS; COLORADO RIVER; ARCTIC LAKES; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; FRACTIONATION; VARIABILITY AB Stable isotope analysis of fishes is often performed using muscle or organ tissues that require sacrificing animals. Non-lethal sampling provides an alternative for evaluating isotopic composition for species of concern or individuals of exceptional value. Stable isotope values of white muscle (lethal) were compared with those from fins and scales (non-lethal) in walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), from multiple systems, size classes and across a range of isotopic values. Isotopic variability was also compared among populations to determine the potential of non-lethal tissues for diet-variability analyses. Muscle-derived isotope values were enriched compared with fins and depleted relative to scales. A split-sample validation technique and linear regression found that isotopic composition of walleye fins and scales was significantly related to that in muscle tissue for both d13C and d15N (r2 = 0.790.93). However, isotopic variability was significantly different between tissue types in two of six populations for d15N and three of six populations for d13C. Although species and population specific, these findings indicate that isotopic measures obtained from non-lethal tissues are indicative of those obtained from muscle. C1 [Fincel, M. J.; Vandehey, J. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Vandehey, J. A.] US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), S Dakota Game Fish & Parks, 20641 SD HWY 1806, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@state.sd.us NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00830.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 972VJ UT WOS:000306308700002 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ Asch, TH Oden, C AF Friedel, M. J. Asch, T. H. Oden, C. TI Hybrid analysis of multiaxis electromagnetic data for discrimination of munitions and explosives of concern SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Neural networks; fuzzy logic; Inverse theory; Self-organization; Electromagnetic theory ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE; MISSING VALUES; IMPUTATION; CLASSIFICATION; QUALITY AB The remediation of land containing munitions and explosives of concern, otherwise known as unexploded ordnance, is an ongoing problem facing the U.S. Department of Defense and similar agencies worldwide that have used or are transferring training ranges or munitions disposal areas to civilian control. The expense associated with cleanup of land previously used for military training and war provides impetus for research towards enhanced discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance. Towards reducing that expense, a multiaxis electromagnetic induction data collection and software system, called ALLTEM, was designed and tested with support from the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. ALLTEM is an on-time time-domain system that uses a continuous triangle-wave excitation to measure the target-step response rather than traditional impulse response. The system cycles through three orthogonal transmitting loops and records a total of 19 different transmitting and receiving loop combinations with a nominal spatial data sampling interval of 20 cm. Recorded data are pre-processed and then used in a hybrid discrimination scheme involving both data-driven and numerical classification techniques. The data-driven classification scheme is accomplished in three steps. First, field observations are used to train a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, a self-organizing map (SOM). Second, the SOM is used to simultaneously estimate target parameters (depth, azimuth, inclination, item type and weight) by iterative minimization of the topographic error vectors. Third, the target classification is accomplished by evaluating histograms of the estimated parameters. The numerical classification scheme is also accomplished in three steps. First, the BiotSavart law is used to model the primary magnetic fields from the transmitter coils and the secondary magnetic fields generated by currents induced in the target materials in the ground. Second, the target response is modelled by three orthogonal dipoles from prolate, oblate and triaxial ellipsoids with one long axis and two shorter axes. Each target consists of all three dipoles. Third, unknown target parameters are determined by comparing modelled to measured target responses. By comparing the rms error among the self-organizing map and numerical classification results, we achieved greater than 95 per cent detection and correct classification of the munitions and explosives of concern at the direct fire and indirect fire test areas at the UXO Standardized Test Site at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 2010. C1 [Friedel, M. J.; Asch, T. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Oden, C.] Earth Sci Syst LLC, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 20,MS-964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 FU U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) [MM-0809] FX We are grateful to Robert Horton of the USGS and the anonymous reviewers for their critical reading of the manuscript and suggestions. This work was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) under project number MM-0809. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 190 IS 2 BP 960 EP 980 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05522.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 972LR UT WOS:000306279100018 ER PT J AU Pointing, SB Belnap, J AF Pointing, Stephen B. Belnap, Jayne TI Microbial colonization and controls in dryland systems SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; RADIATION-RESISTANCE; WATER AVAILABILITY; NITROGEN-FIXATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SPATIAL SCALES AB Drylands constitute the most extensive terrestrial biome, covering more than one-third of the Earth's continental surface. In these environments, stress limits animal and plant life, so life forms that can survive desiccation and then resume growth following subsequent wetting assume the foremost role in ecosystem processes. In this Review, we describe how these organisms assemble in unique soil-and rock-surface communities to form a thin veneer of mostly microbial biomass across hot and cold deserts. These communities mediate inputs and outputs of gases, nutrients and water from desert surfaces, as well as regulating weathering, soil stability, and hydrological and nutrient cycles. The magnitude of regional and global desert-related environmental impacts is affected by these surface communities; here, we also discuss the challenges for incorporating the consideration of these communities and their effects into the management of dryland resources. C1 [Pointing, Stephen B.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Pointing, Stephen B.] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Appl Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Pointing, SB (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM steve.pointing@aut.ac.nz; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 106 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 17 U2 156 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 EI 1740-1534 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 10 IS 8 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1038/nrmicro2831 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 974FW UT WOS:000306417400011 PM 22772903 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Green, BW Gaylord, TG Barrows, FT McEntire, ME Freeman, DW AF Rawles, Steven D. Green, Bartholomew W. Gaylord, T. Gibson Barrows, Frederic T. McEntire, Matthew E. Freeman, Donald W. TI Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to digestible protein/dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hybrid striped bass; Ration size; Protein and energy utilization; Temperature ID EUROPEAN SEA-BASS; HYBRID STRIPED BASS; SALMO-SALAR L; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; WATER TEMPERATURE; AMMONIA EXCRETION; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRIENT RETENTION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB Temperature and ammonia levels often increase dramatically in ponds during summer production of sunshine bass and summer temperatures are projected to increase in the Southern US. Extended periods of high ammonia result in fish stress, disease, mortality and significant loss of feeding days as producers attempt to reduce ammonia to manageable levels through reduced feeding or lower protein diets. A factorial feeding trial was conducted in temperature controlled tanks to investigate main and interactive effects of three digestible protein (DP) levels (33, 40, 47%), two lipid levels (10, 18%) and two ration levels (full fed: satiation, restricted: 80% of satiation) on growth, body composition, nutrient and amino acid retention, and ammonia and phosphorus excretion in sunshine bass (mean weight: 75 g) reared at elevated temperature (30.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C). Diets were balanced on an available amino acid basis to the profile of hybrid striped bass muscle and supplemented with lysine and methionine at the equivalent of 330, 400, or 470 g/kg of muscle protein. Each DP x lipid x ration treatment was fed to triplicate tanks of fish for 116 days. All measured responses were significantly altered by main and interactive effects, but the patterns of interaction were similar among responses. Restricted feeding resulted in much lower final weights and weight gains but much higher ammonia excretion as a function of feed or N fed and body weight (BW), regardless of DP level. Lower dietary fat (10%) resulted in lower weight gains and poorer feed conversions as well as higher ammonia excretion (per g N fed/kg BW) regardless of DP or ration level. Weight gain (475%) and final fish weight (434 g) were highest at 47% DP/18% dietary lipid, but feed conversion, protein, energy and amino acid retention efficiencies were markedly poorer in the 47% DP diets regardless of lipid level due to hyperphagia in fish fed this diet. The 40/18 diet consistently outperformed the 33/18 diet in better growth and lower ammonia excretion as a function of N fed/BW, and nearly equaled the growth attained by fish fed 47/18 diet. Increasing ration to satiation at elevated temperature resulted in much greater improvements in weight gain, final weight and ammonia excretion of fish fed the 40/18 diet, as opposed to those fed the 33/18 diet. Amino acid retentions were nearly equal between the 33/18 and 40/18 diets and restricting feed to 80% of satiation slightly improved feed conversions and protein and amino acid retentions. Consistent lipid x DP interactions generally indicated that the differences among responses to DP level seen at 18% dietary lipid significantly decreased or disappeared at 10% dietary lipid. Phosphorus excretion was low and not significantly altered by main effects. Results suggest that a producer desiring to reduce pond ammonia with the least compromise to production efficiency would be better served by feeding a 40% DP/18% lipid diet at a reduced level instead of switching to a lower protein diet. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rawles, Steven D.; Green, Bartholomew W.; McEntire, Matthew E.; Freeman, Donald W.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Gaylord, T. Gibson] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM steven.rawles@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/ARS [6225-31630-006-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This study was funded by the USDA/ARS under project number 6225-31630-006-00D. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 356 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.033 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 970ZK UT WOS:000306171100011 ER PT J AU Allert, AL Cole-Neal, CL Fairchild, JF AF Allert, Ann L. Cole-Neal, Cavelle L. Fairchild, James F. TI Toxicity of Chloride Under Winter Low-Flow Conditions in an Urban Watershed in Central Missouri, USA SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urban streams; Snowmelt; Chloride toxicity; Ceriodaphnia dubia ID ROAD SALT; SALINIZATION; FRESH AB Deicers such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride are used to treat snow and ice on road surfaces and have been identified as potential stressors on aquatic life. Hinkson Creek is an urban stream on the Missouri 303(d) list of impaired waters and is classified as impaired due to urban non-point source pollution. A 7-day toxicity test using Ceriodaphnia dubia was conducted to assess the toxicity of stream water during snowmelt at seven sites within the Hinkson Creek watershed. Chloride concentrations at two sites (Site 6, 1252 mg Cl/L; Site 4, 301 mg Cl/L) exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic criterion (230 mg Cl/L). Survival (30 %) and total reproduction (6.9 young/adult) of C. dubia at Site 6 was significantly lower than survival (100 %) and total reproduction (30.4 young/adult) at Site 1 (reference site). Results indicate that chloride concentrations are elevated above water-quality criteria and that chloride may be a significant chemical stressor for macroinvertebrate communities during winter low-flow conditions in the Hinkson Creek watershed. C1 [Allert, Ann L.; Fairchild, James F.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Cole-Neal, Cavelle L.] Cent Methodist Univ, Dept Biol, Fayette, MO 65248 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 89 IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s00128-012-0673-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 972NM UT WOS:000306283800015 PM 22617942 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Schoolmaster, DR Guntenspergen, GR Little, AM Mitchell, BR Miller, KM Schweiger, EW AF Grace, James B. Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Little, Amanda M. Mitchell, Brian R. Miller, Kathryn M. Schweiger, E. William TI Guidelines for a graph-theoretic implementation of structural equation modeling SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Acadia National Park; Bayesian analysis; causal analysis; causal diagrams; guidelines; metamodels; statistics; structural equation modeling; structural equation metamodels; wetlands ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; PATH-ANALYSIS; CALIFORNIA SHRUBLANDS; MULTIVARIATE MODEL; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CAUSAL DIAGRAMS; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; INTEGRITY; WETLAND AB Structural equation modeling (SEM) is increasingly being chosen by researchers as a framework for gaining scientific insights from the quantitative analyses of data. New ideas and methods emerging from the study of causality, influences from the field of graphical modeling, and advances in statistics are expanding the rigor, capability, and even purpose of SEM. Guidelines for implementing the expanded capabilities of SEM are currently lacking. In this paper we describe new developments in SEM that we believe constitute a third-generation of the methodology. Most characteristic of this new approach is the generalization of the structural equation model as a causal graph. In this generalization, analyses are based on graph theoretic principles rather than analyses of matrices. Also, new devices such as metamodels and causal diagrams, as well as an increased emphasis on queries and probabilistic reasoning, are now included. Estimation under a graph theory framework permits the use of Bayesian or likelihood methods. The guidelines presented start from a declaration of the goals of the analysis. We then discuss how theory frames the modeling process, requirements for causal interpretation, model specification choices, selection of estimation method, model evaluation options, and use of queries, both to summarize retrospective results and for prospective analyses. The illustrative example presented involves monitoring data from wetlands on Mount Desert Island, home of Acadia National Park. Our presentation walks through the decision process involved in developing and evaluating models, as well as drawing inferences from the resulting prediction equations. In addition to evaluating hypotheses about the connections between human activities and biotic responses, we illustrate how the structural equation (SE) model can be queried to understand how interventions might take advantage of an environmental threshold to limit Typha invasions. The guidelines presented provide for an updated definition of the SEM process that subsumes the historical matrix approach under a graph-theory implementation. The implementation is also designed to permit complex specifications and to be compatible with various estimation methods. Finally, they are meant to foster the use of probabilistic reasoning in both retrospective and prospective considerations of the quantitative implications of the results. C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Little, Amanda M.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. [Mitchell, Brian R.] Northeast Temperate Network, Natl Pk Serv, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Miller, Kathryn M.] Northeast Temperate Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Schweiger, E. William] Rocky Mt Network, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov OI Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU USGS FX We thank Acadia National Park and especially David Manski for support of data collection. D. Johnson provided assistance with some of the analyses. Conversations with Judea Pearl added to the guidelines presented. Jennifer Duke-Sylvester and Janine Powell provided editorial comments. We thank Randy Mitchell, Jarrett Byrnes, and Andrew McCall for very helpful comments that improved the manuscript significantly. This work was supported, in part, by funding from the USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 108 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 17 U2 103 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 8 AR UNSP 73 DI 10.1890/ES12-00048.1 PG 44 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IK UT WOS:000327303000004 ER PT J AU Johnson, SL Kuske, CR Carney, TD Housman, DC Gallegos-Graves, L Belnap, J AF Johnson, Shannon L. Kuske, Cheryl R. Carney, Travis D. Housman, David C. Gallegos-Graves, La Verne Belnap, Jayne TI Increased temperature and altered summer precipitation have differential effects on biological soil crusts in a dryland ecosystem SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; altered precipitation; arid lands; climate change; cyanobacteria; drylands; quantitative PCR; soil; temperature ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARID LANDS; DESERT; DISTURBANCE; PULSES; CARBON; UTAH; HYDROLOGY AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are common and ecologically important members of dryland ecosystems worldwide, where they stabilize soil surfaces and contribute newly fixed C and N to soils. To test the impacts of predicted climate change scenarios on biocrusts in a dryland ecosystem, the effects of a 23 similar to degrees C increase in soil temperature and an increased frequency of smaller summer precipitation events were examined in a large, replicated field study conducted in the cold desert of the Colorado Plateau, USA. Surface soil biomass (DNA concentration), photosynthetically active cyanobacterial biomass (chlorophyll a concentration), cyanobacterial abundance (quantitative PCR assay), and bacterial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were monitored seasonally over 2 similar to years. Soil microbial biomass and bacterial community composition were highly stratified between the 02 similar to cm depth biocrusts and 510 similar to cm depth soil beneath the biocrusts. The increase in temperature did not have a detectable effect on any of the measured parameters over 2 similar to years. However, after the second summer of altered summer precipitation pattern, significant declines occurred in the surface soil biomass (avg. DNA concentration declined 38%), photosynthetic cyanobacterial biomass (avg. chlorophyll a concentration declined 78%), cyanobacterial abundance (avg. gene copies similar to g-1 soil declined 95%), and proportion of Cyanobacteria in the biocrust bacterial community (avg. representation in sequence libraries declined 85%). Biocrusts are important contributors to soil stability, soil C and N stores, and plant performance, and the loss or reduction of biocrusts under an altered precipitation pattern associated with climate change could contribute significantly to lower soil fertility and increased erosion and dust production in dryland ecosystems at a regional scale. C1 [Johnson, Shannon L.; Kuske, Cheryl R.; Carney, Travis D.; Gallegos-Graves, La Verne] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Housman, David C.] AFZJ PT, Integrated Training Area Management, Ft Irwin, CA 92310 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Serv, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Shannon/0000-0002-3972-9208 FU US Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research [2005LAN-LE660, ER64550-1031494-0014103] FX This research was supported by grants to C. R. K. (2005LAN-LE660) and J. B. (ER64550-1031494-0014103) from the US Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research. The authors thank the DOE Joint Genome Institute for Sanger sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA clone libraries. We also thank Rachel Wise, Shannon Silva, and Amanda Turner for excellent technical support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 14 U2 138 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2583 EP 2593 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02709.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UB UT WOS:000306228300019 ER PT J AU Ji, L Wylie, BK Nossov, DR Peterson, B Waldrop, MP McFarland, JW Rover, J Hollingsworth, TN AF Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce K. Nossov, Dana R. Peterson, Birgit Waldrop, Mark P. McFarland, Jack W. Rover, Jennifer Hollingsworth, Teresa N. TI Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Aboveground biomass; Spectral vegetation index; Landsat; Lidar; Alaska; Yukon Flats ecoregion ID DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; FOREST INVENTORY DATA; VEGETATION INDEXES; BOREAL FORESTS; ETM+ DATA; NORTHERN ALASKA; CARBON BALANCE; EOS-MODIS; REMOTE; TM AB Terrestrial plant biomass is a key biophysical parameter required for understanding ecological systems in Alaska. An accurate estimation of biomass at a regional scale provides an important data input for ecological modeling in this region. In this study, we created an aboveground biomass (AGB) map at 30-m resolution for the Yukon Flats ecoregion of interior Alaska using Landsat data and field measurements. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous AGB data in both live and dead forms were collected in summers and autumns of 2009 and 2010. Using the Landsat-derived spectral variables and the field AGB data, we generated a regression model and applied this model to map AGB for the ecoregion. A 3-fold cross-validation indicated that the AGB estimates had a mean absolute error of 21.8 Mg/ha and a mean bias error of 5.2 Mg/ha. Additionally, we validated the mapping results using an airborne lidar dataset acquired for a portion of the ecoregion. We found a significant relationship between the lidar-derived canopy height and the Landsat-derived AGB (R-2 = 0.40). The AGB map showed that 90% of the ecoregion had AGB values ranging from 10 Mg/ha to 134 Mg/ha. Vegetation types and fires were the primary factors controlling the spatial AGB patterns in this ecoregion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ji, Lei; Peterson, Birgit] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Nossov, Dana R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.; McFarland, Jack W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hollingsworth, Teresa N.] US Forest Serv, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Effects Network and Global Change Research & Development Programs. The work by Lei Ji and Birgit Peterson was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. We thank Jason Stoker for processing the raw lidar data, and Mark Winterstein for assistance with field work. We also thank Eugene Fosnight, Roger Auch, and Tom Adamson for reviewing the manuscript and providing valuable comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 BP 451 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 971IZ UT WOS:000306198900042 ER PT J AU Randall, MT Sulak, KJ AF Randall, M. T. Sulak, K. J. TI Evidence of autumn spawning in Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi (Vladykov, 1955) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC STURGEON; FLORIDA; MIGRATION; INSIGHTS; POPULATIONS; ESTUARY; HABITAT; SOTOI AB Evidence of autumn spawning of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in the Suwannee River, Florida, was compiled from multiple investigations between 1986 and 2008. Gulf sturgeon are known from egg collections to spawn in the springtime months following immigration into rivers. Evidence of autumn spawning includes multiple captures of sturgeon in September through early November that were ripe (late-development ova; motile sperm) or exhibited just-spawned characteristics, telemetry of fish that made >175 river kilometer upstream excursions to the spawning grounds in SeptemberOctober, and the capture of a 9.3 cm TL age-0 Gulf sturgeon on 29 November 2000 (which would have been spawned in late September 2000). Analysis of age-at-length data indicates that ca. 20% of the Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon population may be attributable to autumn spawning. However, with the very low sampling effort expended, eggs or early life stages have not yet been captured in the autumn, which would be the conclusive proof of autumn spawning. More sampling, and sampling at previously unknown sites frequented by acoustic telemetry fish, would be required to find eggs. C1 [Randall, M. T.; Sulak, K. J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Randall, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mrandall@usgs.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU USGS Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Program; NOAA Office of Protected Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWCC); FWCC Nongame Wildlife Program FX This study represents a contribution from the USGS Sturgeon Quest initiative, partially supported by the USGS Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Program. Telemetry investigations were supported in part by the NOAA Office of Protected Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWCC). Early life history field research was supported in part by a contract from the FWCC Nongame Wildlife Program. Capture and tagging of sturgeon were conducted under FWCC Special Activity License SRP-054. This research could not have proceeded without the extensive and greatly appreciated contributions of many employees, interns, and volunteers. This report was improved thanks to insightful commentary from Robert A. Brooks, Boyd Kynard, and anonymous reviewers. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01960.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 970OX UT WOS:000306142900001 ER PT J AU Braaten, PJ Fuller, DB Lott, RD Haddix, TM Holte, LD Wilson, RH Bartron, ML Kalie, JA DeHaan, PW Ardren, WR Holm, RJ Jaeger, ME AF Braaten, P. J. Fuller, D. B. Lott, R. D. Haddix, T. M. Holte, L. D. Wilson, R. H. Bartron, M. L. Kalie, J. A. DeHaan, P. W. Ardren, W. R. Holm, R. J. Jaeger, M. E. TI Natural growth and diet of known-age pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life stages in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana and North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; FORT-RANDALL DAM; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT USE; WHITE STURGEON; DOWNSTREAM; LARVAL; PLATORYNCHUS AB Prior to anthropogenic modifications, the historic Missouri River provided ecological conditions suitable for reproduction, growth, and survival of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. However, little information is available to discern whether altered conditions in the contemporary Missouri River are suitable for feeding, growth and survival of endangered pallid sturgeon during the early life stages. In 2004 and 2007, nearly 600 000 pallid sturgeon free embryos and larvae were released in the upper Missouri River and survivors from these releases were collected during 20042010 to quantify natural growth rates and diet composition. Based on genetic analysis and known-age at release (117 days post-hatch, dph), age at capture (dph, years) could be determined for each survivor. Totals of 23 and 28 survivors from the 2004 and 2007 releases, respectively, were sampled. Growth of pallid sturgeon was rapid (1.91 mm day-1) during the initial 1348 dph, then slowed as fish approached maximum length (120140 mm) towards the end of the first growing season. The diet of young-of-year pallid sturgeon was comprised of Diptera larvae, Diptera pupae, and Ephemeroptera nymphs. Growth of pallid sturgeon from ages 16 years was about 48.0 mm year-1. This study provides the first assessment of natural growth and diet of young pallid sturgeon in the wild. Results depict pallid sturgeon growth trajectories that may be expected for naturally produced wild stocks under contemporary habitat conditions in the Missouri River and Yellowstone River. C1 [Braaten, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59230 USA. [Fuller, D. B.; Lott, R. D.; Haddix, T. M.; Holte, L. D.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT USA. [Wilson, R. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND USA. [Jaeger, M. E.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Glendive, MT USA. [Bartron, M. L.; Kalie, J. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. [DeHaan, P. W.; Ardren, W. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. [Holm, R. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Garrison Dam Natl Fish Hatchery, Riverdale, ND USA. RP Braaten, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ft Peck Project Off, Ft Peck, MT 59230 USA. EM pbraaten@usgs.gov RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Integrated Science Program; Western Area Power Administration; Bureau of Reclamation; Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding support for this project was provided by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Integrated Science Program, Western Area Power Administration, Bureau of Reclamation, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Assistance on the project was provided by A. Ankrum, J. Hunziker, E. Nelson, M. Nelson, D. Pearson, M. Rhodes, Z. Sandness, C. Sheldon, and T. Watson. S. Chipps and D. Shuman provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01964.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 970OX UT WOS:000306142900002 ER PT J AU Reddy, MM AF Reddy, Michael M. TI Calcite growth-rate inhibition by fulvic acid and magnesium ion-Possible influence on biogenic calcite formation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy (ACCGE)/15th US Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth & Epitaxy (AACGE) DE Calcite growth-rate inhibition; Calcite crystal growth from solution; Calcium carbonate; Calcite; Biocrystallization ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; BINDING; BIOMINERALIZATION; CARBONATE; SULFIDE; WATER AB Increases in ocean surface water dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations retard biocalcification by reducing calcite supersaturation (Omega(c)). Reduced calcification rates may influence growth-rate dependent magnesium ion (Mg) incorporation into biogenic calcite modifying the use of calcifying organisms as paleoclimate proxies. Fulvic acid (FA) at biocalcification sites may further reduce calcification rates. Calcite growth-rate inhibition by FA and Mg, two common constituents of seawater and soil water involved in the formation of biogenic calcite, was measured separately and in combination under identical, highly reproducible experimental conditions. Calcite growth rates (pH=8.5 and Omega(c)=4.5) are reduced by FA (0.5 mg/L) to 47% and by Mg (10(-4) M) to 38%, compared to control experiments containing no added growth-rate inhibitor. Humic acid (HA) is twice as effective a calcite growth-rate inhibitor as FA. Calcite growth rate in the presence of both FA (0.5 mg/L) and Mg (10(-4) M) is reduced to 5% of the control rate. Mg inhibits calcite growth rates by substitution for calcium ion at the growth site. In contrast, FA inhibits calcite growth rates by binding multiple carboxylate groups on the calcite surface. FA and Mg together have an increased affinity for the calcite growth sites reducing calcite growth rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 403, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mmreddy@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 352 IS 1 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.12.069 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 969WE UT WOS:000306089300035 ER PT J AU Veran, S Kleiner, KJ Choquet, R Collazo, JA Nichols, JD AF Veran, Sophie Kleiner, Kevin J. Choquet, Remi Collazo, Jaime A. Nichols, James D. TI Modeling habitat dynamics accounting for possible misclassification SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Habitat dynamics; Land cover; Habitat misclassification; Accuracy; Hidden Markov chain; Multi-event model ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY; PATTERN; FRAGMENTATION; TRANSITIONS; REGION; ERROR AB Land cover data are widely used in ecology as land cover change is a major component of changes affecting ecological systems. Landscape change estimates are characterized by classification errors. Researchers have used error matrices to adjust estimates of areal extent, but estimation of land cover change is more difficult and more challenging, with error in classification being confused with change. We modeled land cover dynamics for a discrete set of habitat states. The approach accounts for state uncertainty to produce unbiased estimates of habitat transition probabilities using ground information to inform error rates. We consider the case when true and observed habitat states are available for the same geographic unit (pixel) and when true and observed states are obtained at one level of resolution, but transition probabilities estimated at a different level of resolution (aggregations of pixels). Simulation results showed a strong bias when estimating transition probabilities if misclassification was not accounted for. Scaling-up does not necessarily decrease the bias and can even increase it. Analyses of land cover data in the Southeast region of the USA showed that land change patterns appeared distorted if misclassification was not accounted for: rate of habitat turnover was artificially increased and habitat composition appeared more homogeneous. Not properly accounting for land cover misclassification can produce misleading inferences about habitat state and dynamics and also misleading predictions about species distributions based on habitat. Our models that explicitly account for state uncertainty should be useful in obtaining more accurate inferences about change from data that include errors. C1 [Veran, Sophie; Nichols, James D.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Veran, Sophie; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Veran, Sophie; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kleiner, Kevin J.] Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Choquet, Remi] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. RP Veran, S (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sophie.veran@supagro.inra.fr RI Choquet, Remi/F-6462-2011 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 7 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9746-z PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 969PP UT WOS:000306068200002 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL Ju, S Liu, RS Bryant, JP Gourley, SA AF DeAngelis, Donald L. Ju, Shu Liu, Rongsong Bryant, John P. Gourley, Stephen A. TI Plant allocation of carbon to defense as a function of herbivory, light and nutrient availability SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plant defenses; Plant secondary metabolites; Plant growth model; Plant-herbivore interactions; Carbon allocation; Reproductive fitness ID MODEL; NITROGEN; TREES; CO2; PERFORMANCE; COMPETITION; ECONOMICS; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB We use modeling to determine the optimal relative plant carbon allocations between foliage, fine roots, anti-herbivore defense, and reproduction to maximize reproductive output. The model treats these plant components and the herbivore compartment as variables. Herbivory is assumed to be purely folivory. Key external factors include nutrient availability, degree of shading, and intensity of herbivory. Three alternative functional responses are used for herbivory, two of which are variations on donor-dependent herbivore (models 1a and 1b) and one of which is a Lotka-Volterra type of interaction (model 2). All three were modified to include the negative effect of chemical defenses on the herbivore. Analysis showed that, for all three models, two stable equilibria could occur, which differs from most common functional responses when no plant defense component is included. Optimal strategies of carbon allocation were defined as the maximum biomass of reproductive propagules produced per unit time, and found to vary with changes in external factors. Increased intensity of herbivory always led to an increase in the fractional allocation of carbon to defense. Decreases in available limiting nutrient generally led to increasing importance of defense. Decreases in available light had little effect on defense but led to increased allocation to foliage. Decreases in limiting nutrient and available light led to decreases in allocation to reproduction in models 1a and 1b but not model 2. Increases in allocation to plant defense were usually accompanied by shifts in carbon allocation away from fine roots, possibly because higher plant defense reduced the loss of nutrients to herbivory. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Ju, Shu] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Liu, Rongsong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gourley, Stephen A.] Univ Surrey, Surrey, England. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu FU Biological Resources Division of the US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMS-0920828]; EPSCoR of the University of Wyoming FX DLD was supported by the Biological Resources Division of the US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center, and National Science Foundation grant NSF-DMS-0920828. The research of RL was supported by the EPSCoR start-up funds of the University of Wyoming. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 66 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s12080-011-0135-z PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 972PU UT WOS:000306290200010 ER PT J AU McCluney, KE Belnap, J Collins, SL Gonzalez, AL Hagen, EM Holland, JN Kotler, BP Maestre, FT Smith, SD Wolf, BO AF McCluney, Kevin E. Belnap, Jayne Collins, Scott L. Gonzalez, Angelica L. Hagen, Elizabeth M. Holland, J. Nathaniel Kotler, Burt P. Maestre, Fernando T. Smith, Stanley D. Wolf, Blair O. TI Shifting species interactions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems under altered water availability and climate change SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE climate change; precipitation; drought; moisture; water availability; species interactions; competition; mutualism; herbivory; predation; top-down; trophic biomass ID STRESS-GRADIENT HYPOTHESIS; PLANT-PLANT INTERACTIONS; EL-NINO; GLOBAL-CHANGE; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; INTERACTION STRENGTH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; ABIOTIC STRESS AB Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major driver of terrestrial ecology and climate change is expected to greatly alter the distribution of this critical resource. While previous studies have documented strong effects of global environmental change on species interactions in general, responses can vary from region to region. Dryland ecosystems occupy more than one-third of the Earth's land mass, are greatly affected by changes in water availability, and are predicted to be hotspots of climate change. Thus, it is imperative to understand the effects of environmental change on these globally significant ecosystems. Here, we review studies of the responses of population-level plant-plant, plant-herbivore, and predator-prey interactions to changes in water availability in dryland environments in order to develop new hypotheses and predictions to guide future research. To help explain patterns of interaction outcomes, we developed a conceptual model that views interaction outcomes as shifting between (1) competition and facilitation (plant-plant), (2) herbivory, neutralism, or mutualism (plant-herbivore), or (3) neutralism and predation (predator-prey), as water availability crosses physiological, behavioural, or population-density thresholds. We link our conceptual model to hypothetical scenarios of current and future water availability to make testable predictions about the influence of changes in water availability on species interactions. We also examine potential implications of our conceptual model for the relative importance of top-down effects and the linearity of patterns of change in trophic biomass with changes in water availability. Finally, we highlight key research needs and some possible broader impacts of our findings. Overall, we hope to stimulate and guide future research that links changes in water availability to patterns of species interactions and the dynamics of populations and communities in dryland ecosystems. C1 [McCluney, Kevin E.; Hagen, Elizabeth M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Collins, Scott L.; Wolf, Blair O.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gonzalez, Angelica L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Santiago, Chile. [Gonzalez, Angelica L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Gonzalez, Angelica L.] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kotler, Burt P.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Maestre, Fernando T.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol & Geol, ESCET, Mostoles 28933, Spain. [Smith, Stanley D.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP McCluney, KE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Kevin.McCluney@asu.edu RI Maestre, Fernando/A-6825-2008; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; Kotler, Burt/F-1381-2012; OI Maestre, Fernando/0000-0002-7434-4856; Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Kotler, Burt/0000-0003-2693-8788; McCluney, Kevin/0000-0002-3574-0354 FU Research and Training Initiatives Office at ASU's School of Life Sciences; FONDECYT [3090029]; FONDAP [1501-0001]; US Geological Survey; European Research Council under the European Community [242658 (BIOCOM)] FX This paper resulted from the "Resource Mediated Interactions Working Group" at the "Dynamic Deserts: Resource Uncertainty in Arid Environments" conference held at Arizona State University (ASU) in 2009. We thank the Research and Training Initiatives Office at ASU's School of Life Sciences for awarding a grant to fund the above working group and conference. For their generous support of the conference, we also thank ASU's Decision Center for a Desert City, ASU's Graduate and Professional Student Association, the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research, ASU's Global Institute of Sustainability, ASU's School of Sustainability, and the City of Tempe Water Utilities Department. We thank B. Cutts, C. Perrings, Z. Stahlschmidt, and E. Cook for their help with the project and for reviews of this paper. We also thank C. Vojta and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support was provided to A. L. G. by FONDECYT 3090029 and FONDAP 1501-0001 (Program 4), to J.B. by the US Geological Survey, and to F. T. M. by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no 242658 (BIOCOM). NR 164 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 16 U2 200 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 87 IS 3 BP 563 EP 582 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00209.x PG 20 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 968OL UT WOS:000305992300004 PM 22098619 ER PT J AU Sato, T Egusa, T Fukushima, K Oda, T Ohte, N Tokuchi, N Watanabe, K Kanaiwa, M Murakami, I Lafferty, KD AF Sato, Takuya Egusa, Tomohiro Fukushima, Keitaro Oda, Tomoki Ohte, Nobuhito Tokuchi, Naoko Watanabe, Katsutoshi Kanaiwa, Minoru Murakami, Isaya Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Nematomorph parasites indirectly alter the food web and ecosystem function of streams through behavioural manipulation of their cricket hosts SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem function; decomposition; manipulative parasite; nematomorph; resource subsidy; riparian; stream salmonid ID TROPHIC CASCADES; FISH; SUBSIDIES; DYNAMICS; INPUTS; METAANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE; HERBIVORY; PREDATION; COMMUNITY AB Nematomorph parasites manipulate crickets to enter streams where the parasites reproduce. These manipulated crickets become a substantial food subsidy for stream fishes. We used a field experiment to investigate how this subsidy affects the stream community and ecosystem function. When crickets were available, predatory fish ate fewer benthic invertebrates. The resulting release of the benthic invertebrate community from fish predation indirectly decreased the biomass of benthic algae and slightly increased leaf break-down rate. This is the first experimental demonstration that host manipulation by a parasite can reorganise a community and alter ecosystem function. Nematomorphs are common, and many other parasites have dramatic effects on host phenotypes, suggesting that similar effects of parasites on ecosystems might be widespread. C1 [Sato, Takuya] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068302, Japan. [Egusa, Tomohiro; Oda, Tomoki; Ohte, Nobuhito] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Fukushima, Keitaro; Ohte, Nobuhito] Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Watanabe, Katsutoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Dept Zool,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kanaiwa, Minoru] Tokyo Univ Agr, Fac Bioind, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. [Murakami, Isaya] Reg Environm Planning Inc, Takatsuki, Osaka 5691123, Japan. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068302, Japan. EM takuya@species.jp RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Ohte, Nobuhito/0000-0003-0658-6834 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 10 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 15 IS 8 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01798.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 967YB UT WOS:000305943000003 PM 22583960 ER PT J AU Atwater, BF ten Brink, US Buckley, M Halley, RS Jaffe, BE Lopez-Venegas, AM Reinhardt, EG Tuttle, MP Watt, S Wei, Y AF Atwater, Brian F. ten Brink, Uri S. Buckley, Mark Halley, Robert S. Jaffe, Bruce E. Lopez-Venegas, Alberto M. Reinhardt, Eduard G. Tuttle, Maritia P. Watt, Steve Wei, Yong TI Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Stratigraphy; Caribbean ID NORTHERN LESSER-ANTILLES; US ATLANTIC COAST; CAL KYR BP; PUERTO-RICO; EARTHQUAKE; SUBDUCTION; HAZARD; RADIOCARBON; SEISMICITY; TRANSPORT AB Waters from the Atlantic Ocean washed southward across parts of Anegada, east-northeast of Puerto Rico, during a singular event a few centuries ago. The overwash, after crossing a fringing coral reef and 1.5 km of shallow subtidal flats, cut dozens of breaches through sandy beach ridges, deposited a sheet of sand and shell capped with lime mud, and created inland fields of cobbles and boulders. Most of the breaches extend tens to hundreds of meters perpendicular to a 2-km stretch of Anegada's windward shore. Remnants of the breached ridges stand 3 m above modern sea level, and ridges seaward of the breaches rise 2.2-3.0 m high. The overwash probably exceeded those heights when cutting the breaches by overtopping and incision of the beach ridges. Much of the sand-and-shell sheet contains pink bioclastic sand that resembles, in grain size and composition, the sand of the breached ridges. This sand extends as much as 1.5 km to the south of the breached ridges. It tapers southward from a maximum thickness of 40 cm, decreases in estimated mean grain size from medium sand to very fine sand, and contains mud laminae in the south. The sand-and-shell sheet also contains mollusks-cerithid gastropods and the bivalve Anomalocardia-and angular limestone granules and pebbles. The mollusk shells and the lime-mud cap were probably derived from a marine pond that occupied much of Anegada's interior at the time of overwash. The boulders and cobbles, nearly all composed of limestone, form fields that extend many tens of meters generally southward from limestone outcrops as much as 0.8 km from the nearest shore. Soon after the inferred overwash, the marine pond was replaced by hypersaline ponds that produce microbial mats and evaporite crusts. This environmental change, which has yet to be reversed, required restriction of a former inlet or inlets, the location of which was probably on the island's south (lee) side. The inferred overwash may have caused restriction directly by washing sand into former inlets, or indirectly by reducing the tidal prism or supplying sand to post-overwash currents and waves. The overwash happened after A.D. 1650 if coeval with radiocarbon-dated leaves in the mud cap, and it probably happened before human settlement in the last decades of the 1700s. A prior overwash event is implied by an inland set of breaches. Hypothetically, the overwash in 1650-1800 resulted from the Antilles tsunami of 1690, the transatlantic Lisbon tsunami of 1755, a local tsunami not previously documented, or a storm whose effects exceeded those of Hurricane Donna, which was probably at category 3 as its eye passed 15 km to Anegada's south in 1960. C1 [Atwater, Brian F.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Buckley, Mark; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Watt, Steve] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Atwater, BF (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM atwater@usgs.gov; utenbrink@usgs.gov; mbuckley@usgs.gov; bjaffe@usgs.gov; swatt@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission [N6480] FX The government of the British Virgin Islands granted us unrestricted access to Anegada's salt ponds, use of airphotos, and guidance from its specialists in disaster management, surveying, and natural science. Among them we especially thank Cynthia Rolli, Rondell Smith, Shannon Gore, and Dylan Penn. Lianna Jarecki shared her comprehensive knowledge of Anegada's salt ponds. Anegadans who helped us with island history include Darvin Potter and Doris Faulkner. For help in locating old maps of Anegada we thank Luisa Martin-Meras, Directora Tecnica del Museo Navan de Madrid; Maria Antonia Colomar Albajar, Subdirectora del Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla; Pilar Llanes Estrada and Jose-Luis Granja, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; and Jose Martin Davila from the Real Observatorio de la Armada. Caitlin Herlihy and Alejandra Rodriguez assisted with field work. Jeffrey List, Jeffrey Donnelly, Stella Kortekaas, David Long, and two anonymous referees provided suggested that improved the manuscript. The work was supported in part by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under its project N6480, a tsunami-hazard assessment for the eastern United States. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 51 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500004 ER PT J AU Watt, S Buckley, M Jaffe, B AF Watt, Steve Buckley, Mark Jaffe, Bruce TI Inland fields of dispersed cobbles and boulders as evidence for a tsunami on Anegada, British Virgin Islands SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; Tsunami; Storm ID STORM; THAILAND; DEPOSITS; HAWAII AB Marine overwash from the north a few centuries ago transported hundreds of angular cobbles and boulders tens to hundreds of meters southward from limestone outcrops in the interior of Anegada, 140 km east-northeast of Puerto Rico. We examined two of several cobble and boulder fields as part of an effort to interpret whether the overwash resulted from a tsunami or a storm in a location where both events are known to occur. One of the cobble and boulder field extends 200 m southward from limestone outcrops that are 300 m inland from the island's north shore. The other field extends 100 m southward from a limestone knoll located 800 m from the nearest shore. In the two fields, we measured the size, orientation, and spatial distribution of a total of 161 clasts and determined their stratigraphic positions with respect to an overwash sand and shell sheet deposit. In both fields, we found the spacing between clasts increased southward and that clast long-axis orientations are consistent with a transport trending north-south. Almost half the clasts are partially buried in a landward thinning and fining overwash sand and none were found embedded in the shelly mud of a pre-overwash marine pond. The two cobble and boulder fields resemble modern tsunami deposits in which dispersed clasts extend inland as a single layer. The fields contrast with coarse clast storm deposits that often form wedge-shaped shore-parallel ridges. These comparisons suggest that the overwash resulted from a tsunami and not from a storm. C1 [Watt, Steve; Buckley, Mark; Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Watt, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM swatt@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU "Tsunami Hazards Potential in the Caribbean'' project of the U.S. Geological Survey and Marine Geology Program FX We would like to thank Cynthia Rolli (British Virgin Island Disaster Management Agency) for sharing high-resolution aerial photos of Anegada for our field work and in this manuscript. Critical reviews by Uri Ten Brink and Brian Atwater improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the "Tsunami Hazards Potential in the Caribbean'' project of the U.S. Geological Survey and Marine Geology Program. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9848-y PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500007 ER PT J AU Buckley, ML Wei, Y Jaffe, BE Watt, SG AF Buckley, Mark L. Wei, Yong Jaffe, Bruce E. Watt, Steve G. TI Inverse modeling of velocities and inferred cause of overwash that emplaced inland fields of boulders at Anegada, British Virgin Islands SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Boulder; Tsunami; Hurricane; Cyclone; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean ID WAVE RUNUP; TSUNAMI; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITS; ANTILLES; HAWAII AB A combination of numeric hydrodynamic models, a large-clast inverse sediment-transport model, and extensive field measurements were used to discriminate between a tsunami and a storm striking Anegada, BVI a few centuries ago. In total, 161 cobbles and boulders were measured ranging from 1.5 to 830 kg at distances of up to 1 km from the shoreline and 2 km from the crest of a fringing coral reef. Transported clasts are composed of low porosity limestone and were derived from outcrops in the low lying interior of Anegada. Estimates of the near-bed flow velocities required to transport the observed boulders were calculated using a simple sediment-transport model, which accounts for fluid drag, inertia, buoyancy, and lift forces on boulders and includes both sliding and overturning transport mechanisms. Estimated near-bed flow velocities are converted to depth-averaged velocities using a linear eddy viscosity model and compared with water level and depth-averaged velocity time series from high-resolution coastal inundation models. Coastal inundation models simulate overwash by the storm surge and waves of a category 5 hurricane and tsunamis from a Lisbon earthquake of M 9.0 and two hypothetical earthquakes along the North America Caribbean Plate boundary. A modeled category 5 hurricane and three simulated tsunamis were all capable of inundating the boulder fields and transporting a portion of the observed clasts, but only an earthquake of M 8.0 on a normal fault of the outer rise along the Puerto Rico Trench was found to be capable of transporting the largest clasts at their current locations. Model results show that while both storm waves and tsunamis are capable of generating velocities and temporal acceleration necessary to transport large boulders near the reef crest, attenuation of wave energy due to wave breaking and bottom friction limits the capacity of storm waves to transport large clast at great inland distances. Through sensitivity analysis, we show that even when using coefficients in the sediment-transport model which yield the lowest estimated minimum velocities for boulder transport, storm waves from a category 5 hurricane are not capable of transporting the largest boulders in the interior of Anegada. Because of the uncertainties in the modeling approach, extensive sensitivity analyses are included and limitations are discussed. C1 [Buckley, Mark L.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Watt, Steve G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, PMEL, NOAA, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Buckley, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mbuckley@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9725-8 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500008 ER PT J AU Witter, RC Jaffe, B Zhang, YL Priest, G AF Witter, Robert C. Jaffe, Bruce Zhang, Yinglong Priest, George TI Reconstructing hydrodynamic flow parameters of the 1700 tsunami at Cannon Beach, Oregon, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami deposit; Sediment transport model; Tsunami flow speed; Cascadia subduction zone; Oregon ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; 26 DECEMBER 2004; RUN-UP; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SOLITARY WAVES; SAND; DEPOSITS; RECORDS; MARGIN; ISLAND AB Coastal communities in the western United States face risks of inundation by distant tsunamis that propagate across the Pacific Ocean as well as local tsunamis produced by great (M-w > 8) earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. In 1964, the M-w 9.2 Alaska earthquake launched a Pacific-wide tsunami that flooded Cannon Beach, a small community (population 1640) in northwestern Oregon, causing over $230,000 in damages. However, since the giant 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Chile tsunami and the recent 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunami, renewed concern over potential impacts of a Cascadia tsunami on the western US has motivated closer examination of the local hazard. This study applies a simple sediment transport model to reconstruct the flow speed of the most recent Cascadia tsunami that flooded the region in 1700 using the thickness and grain size of sand layers deposited by the waves. Sedimentary properties of sand from the 1700 tsunami deposit provide model inputs. The sediment transport model calculates tsunami flow speed from the shear velocity required to suspend the quantity and grain size distribution of the observed sand layers. The model assumes a steady, spatially uniform tsunami flow and that sand settles out of suspension forming a deposit when the flow velocity decreases to zero. Using flow depths constrained by numerical tsunami simulations for Cannon Beach, the sediment transport model calculated flow speeds of 6.5-7.6 m/s for sites within 0.6 km of the beach and higher flow speeds (similar to 8.8 m/s) for sites 0.8-1.2 km inland. Flow speed calculated for sites within 0.6 km of the beach compare well with maximum velocities estimated for the largest tsunami simulation. The higher flow speeds calculated for the two sites furthest landward contrast with much lower maximum velocities (< 3.8 m/s) predicted by numerical simulations. Grain size distributions of sand layers from the most distal sites are inconsistent with deposition from sediment falling out of suspension. We infer that rapid deceleration in tsunami flow and convergences in sediment transport formed unusually thick deposits. Consequently, higher flow speeds calculated by the sediment model probably overestimate the actual wave speed at sites furthest inland. C1 [Witter, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Zhang, Yinglong] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Priest, George] Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Witter, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 2410 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rwitter@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [07HQGR0089]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0842728] FX We are grateful to M. Torresan, G. Schneider and A. Lam for assistance with particle size analysis at the US Geological Survey's Menlo Park Sedimentology Laboratory. Y. Sawai (Geological Survey of Japan), and E. Hemphill-Haley provided fossil diatom analyses that aided in paleoecological interpretations. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (award number 07HQGR0089) provided the primary funding for this investigation with additional support from the City of Cannon Beach and the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Program. Thoughtful reviews by M. Spiske and an anonymous reviewer improved the paper. This research is a contribution toward National Science Foundation award EAR-0842728. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9912-7 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500014 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Kukkadapu, RK Qafoku, NP Peacock, AD Lesher, E Williams, KH Bargar, JR Wilkins, MJ Figueroa, L Ranville, J Davis, JA Long, PE AF Campbell, K. M. Kukkadapu, R. K. Qafoku, N. P. Peacock, A. D. Lesher, E. Williams, K. H. Bargar, J. R. Wilkins, M. J. Figueroa, L. Ranville, J. Davis, J. A. Long, P. E. TI Geochemical, mineralogical and microbiological characteristics of sediment from a naturally reduced zone in a uranium-contaminated aquifer SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION; BIOGENIC URANINITE; REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; U(VI); IRON; BIOREDUCTION; SORPTION; SPECIATION AB Localized zones or lenses of naturally reduced sediments have the potential to play a significant role in the fate and transport of redox-sensitive metals and metalloids in aquifers. To assess the mineralogy, microbiology and redox processes that occur in these zones, several cores from a region of naturally occurring reducing conditions in a U-contaminated aquifer (Rifle, CO) were examined. Sediment samples from a transect of cores ranging from oxic/suboxic Rifle aquifer sediment to naturally reduced sediment were analyzed for U and Fe content, oxidation state, and mineralogy; reduced S phases; and solid-phase organic C content using a suite of analytical and spectroscopic techniques on bulk sediment and size fractions. Solid-phase U concentrations were higher in the naturally reduced zone, with a high proportion of the U present as U(IV). The sediments were also elevated in reduced S phases and Fe(II), indicating it is very likely that U(VI), Fe(III), and SO4 reduction has occurred or is occurring in the sediment. The microbial community was assessed using lipid-and DNA-based techniques, and statistical redundancy analysis was performed to determine correlations between the microbial community and the geochemistry. Increased concentrations of solid-phase organic C and biomass in the naturally reduced sediment suggests that natural bioreduction is stimulated by a zone of increased organic C concentration associated with fine-grained material and lower permeability to groundwater flow. Characterization of the naturally bioreduced sediment provides an understanding of the natural processes that occur in the sediment under reducing conditions and how they may impact natural attenuation of radionuclides and other redox sensitive materials. Results also suggest the importance of recalcitrant organic C for maintaining reducing conditions and U immobilization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Campbell, K. M.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Campbell, K. M.; Davis, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kukkadapu, R. K.; Qafoku, N. P.; Wilkins, M. J.; Long, P. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Peacock, A. D.] Haley & Aldrich, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lesher, E.; Figueroa, L.; Ranville, J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Williams, K. H.; Davis, J. A.; Long, P. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Campbell, KM (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kcampbell@usgs.gov RI Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015; OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885; Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 FU DOE-OBER; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Sustainable Systems Scientific Focus Area; USGS National Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446] FX The authors thank C. Fuller (USGS) for analysis of samples by gamma spectrometry, H.T. Schaef and I.V. Kutnyakov (PNNL) for conducting the XRD analyses in the sediment samples, D. Kent for manuscript review, and C.T. Resch and E. Salvatierra (USGS) for chemical analysis. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and funded by DOE-OBER grant to SLAC-SFA. A portion of this research was performed using The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. EMSL is a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. This project was part of the Integrated Field Research Challenge Site at Rifle, CO, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program. Additional funding was provided by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Sustainable Systems Scientific Focus Area and the USGS National Research Program. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 10 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1499 EP 1511 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.04.013 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 966AR UT WOS:000305809500006 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Wang, TG Lillis, PG Wang, CJ Shi, SB AF Li, Meijun Wang, T. -G. Lillis, Paul G. Wang, Chunjiang Shi, Shengbao TI The significance of 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic steroids and dinosteroids in oils and Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks from the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin, NW China SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; CRUDE OILS; MOLECULAR FOSSILS; LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS; PETROLEUM SYSTEM; NORTHWEST CHINA; MARINE; HYDROCARBON; AGE; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Two oil families in Ordovician reservoirs from the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin are distinguished by the distribution of regular steranes, triaromatic steroids, norcholestanes and dinosteroids. Oils with relatively lower contents of C-28 regular steranes, C-26 20S, C-26 20R + C-27 20S and C-27 20R regular triaromatic steroids, dinosteranes, 24-norcholestanes and triaromatic dinosteroids originated from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. In contrast, oils with abnormally high abundances of the above compounds are derived from Cambrian and Lower Ordovician source rocks. Only a few oils have previously been reported to be of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician origin, especially in the east region of the Tarim Basin. This study further reports the discovery of oil accumulations of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician origin in the Tabei and Tazhong Uplifts, which indicates a potential for further discoveries involving Cambrian and Lower Ordovician sourced oils in the Tarim Basin. Dinosteroids in petroleum and ancient sediments are generally thought to be biomarkers for dinoflagellates and 24-norcholestanes for dinoflagellates and diatoms. Therefore, the abnormally high abundance of these compounds in extracts from the organic-rich sediments in the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician and related oils in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basin suggests that phytoplankton algae related to dinoflagellates have appeared and might have flourished in the Tarim Basin during the Cambrian Period. Steroids with less common structural configurations are underutilized and can expand understanding of the early development history of organisms, as well as define petroleum systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lillis, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Li, Meijun; Wang, T. -G.; Wang, Chunjiang; Shi, Shengbao] China Univ Petr, Coll Geosci, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. RP Li, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM meijunli2008@hotmail.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41072101]; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting [PRPDX-200801] FX This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072101) and the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting (PRPDX-200801). The authors are grateful for the assistance of Zhu Dan, Zhu Lei, Shi Quan and Wang Zhong in the GC-MS and GC-MS-MS analyses. We thank Northwest Oilfield Company of SINOPEC for providing samples and data, and for permission to publish this work. This manuscript benefitted greatly from discussion with Drs. Geoffrey S. Ellis and Michael Lewan of the US Geological Survey. Useful comments were made on earlier versions of this manuscript by Drs. Haiping Huang, Guangli Wang, S.W. Rampen and an anonymous reviewer. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1643 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.03.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 966AR UT WOS:000305809500021 ER PT J AU Suarez-Ruiz, I Flores, D Mendonca, JG Hackley, PC AF Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel Flores, Deolinda Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano Hackley, Paul C. TI Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 2, geological and multidisciplinary applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Organic petrology; Organic matter; Coal; Coalification; Thermal maturity; Ore deposits; Ore genesis; Bitumen; Coal fires; Archeology; Forensics; Environmental pollution ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; ASSESS ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; COAL WASTE; SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION; COPPER MINERALIZATION; FORENSIC GEOSCIENCE; BLACK SHALES; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB The present paper is focused on organic petrology applied to unconventional and multidisciplinary investigations and is the second part of a two part review that describes the geological applications and uses of this branch of earth sciences. Therefore, this paper reviews the use of organic petrology in investigations of: (i) ore genesis when organic matter occurs associated with mineralization; (ii) the behavior of organic matter in coal fires (self-heating and self-combustion); (iii) environmental and anthropogenic impacts associated with the management and industrial utilization of coal; (iv) archeology and the nature and geographical provenance of objects of organic nature such as jet, amber, other artifacts and coal from archeological sites; and (v) forensic science connected with criminal behavior or disasters. This second part of the review outlines the most recent research and applications of organic petrology in those fields. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel] Inst Nacl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Flores, Deolinda] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geociencias Ambiente & Ordenamento Terr, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Flores, Deolinda] Univ Porto, Ctr Geol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Geociencias, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Suarez-Ruiz, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Carbon INCAR CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain. EM isruiz@incar.csic.es RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda Flores/N-9901-2013; OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 200 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 EI 1872-7840 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 98 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.03.005 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 964AO UT WOS:000305666300006 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Gao, DZ DeAngelis, DL AF Jiang, Jiang Gao, Daozhou DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Towards a theory of ecotone resilience: Coastal vegetation on a salinity gradient SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Regime shift; Ecotone; Diffusion; Salinity; Positive feedback; Disturbance ID REGIME SHIFTS; MATHEMATICAL APPROACH; POSITIVE-FEEDBACK; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SIMULATION-MODEL; STABLE STATES; WATER-LEVEL; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE AB Ecotones represent locations where vegetation change is likely to occur as a result of climate and other environmental changes. Using a model of an ecotone vulnerable to such future changes, we estimated the resilience of the ecotone to disturbances. The specific ecotone is that between two different vegetation types, salinity-tolerant and salinity-intolerant, along a gradient in groundwater salinity. In the case studied, each vegetation type, through soil feedback loops, promoted local soil salinity levels that favor itself in competition with the other type. Bifurcation analysis was used to study the system of equations for the two vegetation types and soil salinity. Alternative stable equilibria, one for salinity-tolerant and one for salinity intolerant vegetation, were shown to exist over a region of the groundwater salinity gradient, bounded by two bifurcation points. This region was shown to depend sensitively on parameters such as the rate of upward infiltration of salinity from groundwater into the soil due to evaporation. We showed also that increasing diffusion rates of vegetation can lead to shrinkage of the range between the two bifurcation points. Sharp ecotones are typical of salt-tolerant vegetation (mangroves) near the coastline and salt-intolerant vegetation inland, even though the underlying elevation and groundwater salinity change very gradually. A disturbance such as an input of salinity to the soil from a storm surge could upset this stable boundary, leading to a regime shift of salinity-tolerant vegetation inland. We showed, however, that, for our model as least, a simple pulse disturbance would not be sufficient; the salinity would have to be held at a high level, as a 'press', for some time. The approach used here should be generalizable to study the resilience of a variety of ecotones to disturbances. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gao, Daozhou] Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu RI Jiang, Jiang/H-1080-2012 OI Jiang, Jiang/0000-0001-5058-8664 FU FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center; USGS Ecosystems Mapping; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science FX We thank Shigui Ruan, Peter Chesson, and three reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was partially supported by the FISCHS Project (Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species) at the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center, funded by USGS Ecosystems Mapping and the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 82 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2012.02.007 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 961DE UT WOS:000305443300004 PM 22441163 ER PT J AU Thomson, BJ Bussey, DBJ Neish, CD Cahill, JTS Heggy, E Kirk, RL Patterson, GW Raney, RK Spudis, PD Thompson, TW Ustinov, EA AF Thomson, B. J. Bussey, D. B. J. Neish, C. D. Cahill, J. T. S. Heggy, E. Kirk, R. L. Patterson, G. W. Raney, R. K. Spudis, P. D. Thompson, T. W. Ustinov, E. A. TI An upper limit for ice in Shackleton crater as revealed by LRO Mini-RF orbital radar SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUNAR SOUTH-POLE; WATER ICE; MOON; CHANDRAYAAN-1 AB Although diverse measurements have indicated H+, OH-, or H2O species in the lunar polar regions, pinpointing its location, form, and abundance in specific reservoirs has proven elusive. Here we report on the first orbital radar measurements of Shackleton crater near the lunar south pole. Mini-RF observations indicate a patchy, heterogeneous enhancement in CPR (circular polarization ratio) on the crater walls whose strength decreases with depth toward the crater floor, a result that is most consistent with a roughness effect due to less mature regolith present on the crater wall slopes. However, the results do not rule out a modest ice contribution, and an upper limit of similar to 5-10 wt% H2O ice (up to 30 vol.%) present in the uppermost meter of regolith is also consistent with the observations. C1 [Thomson, B. J.] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02155 USA. [Bussey, D. B. J.; Neish, C. D.; Cahill, J. T. S.; Patterson, G. W.; Raney, R. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Heggy, E.; Thompson, T. W.; Ustinov, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Spudis, P. D.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Thomson, BJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, 725 Commonwealth Ave,Room 433, Boston, MA 02155 USA. EM bjt@bu.edu RI Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Heggy, Essam/E-8250-2013; Ustinov, Eugene/D-1350-2015; Patterson, Gerald/E-7699-2015; OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Heggy, Essam/0000-0001-7476-2735; Ustinov, Eugene/0000-0003-0227-4286; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L14201 DI 10.1029/2012GL052119 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 980WP UT WOS:000306925200001 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Voss, CI Wellman, TP AF Walvoord, Michelle A. Voss, Clifford I. Wellman, Tristan P. TI Influence of permafrost distribution on groundwater flow in the context of climate-driven permafrost thaw: Example from Yukon Flats Basin, Alaska, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; BOREAL FORESTS; DEGRADATION; CANADA; RIVER; THERMOKARST; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; REGIMES AB Understanding the role of permafrost in controlling groundwater flow paths and fluxes is central in studies aimed at assessing potential climate change impacts on vegetation, species habitat, biogeochemical cycling, and biodiversity. Recent field studies in interior Alaska show evidence of hydrologic changes hypothesized to result from permafrost degradation. This study assesses the hydrologic control exerted by permafrost, elucidates modes of regional groundwater flow for various spatial permafrost patterns, and evaluates potential hydrologic consequences of permafrost degradation. The Yukon Flats Basin (YFB), a large (118,340 km(2)) subbasin within the Yukon River Basin, provides the basis for this investigation. Model simulations that represent an assumed permafrost thaw sequence reveal the following trends with decreasing permafrost coverage: (1) increased groundwater discharge to rivers, consistent with historical trends in base flow observations in the Yukon River Basin, (2) potential for increased overall groundwater flux, (3) increased spatial extent of groundwater discharge in lowlands, and (4) decreased proportion of suprapermafrost (shallow) groundwater contribution to total base flow. These trends directly affect the chemical composition and residence time of riverine exports, the state of groundwater-influenced lakes and wetlands, seasonal river-ice thickness, and stream temperatures. Presently, the YFB is coarsely mapped as spanning the continuous-discontinuous permafrost transition that model analysis shows to be a critical threshold; thus, the YFB may be on the verge of major hydrologic change should the current permafrost extent decrease. This possibility underscores the need for improved characterization of permafrost and other hydrogeologic information in the region via geophysical techniques, remote sensing, and ground-based observations. C1 [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wellman, Tristan P.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas; SERDP [RC-2111] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the USGS National Research Program, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas, and SERDP grant RC-2111. K. E. Johnson provided GIS support and analysis. We thank J. O'Donnell, J. Rowland, three anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor for their insightful comments. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 92 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07524 DI 10.1029/2011WR011595 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 980PR UT WOS:000306905900001 ER PT J AU Weng, ESS Luo, YQ Wang, WL Wang, H Hayes, DJ McGuire, AD Hastings, A Schimel, DS AF Weng, Ensheng S. Luo, Y. Q. Wang, Weile Wang, Han Hayes, Daniel J. McGuire, A. David Hastings, Alan Schimel, David S. TI Ecosystem carbon storage capacity as affected by disturbance regimes: A general theoretical model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; NITROGEN STORAGE; PONDEROSA PINE; GLOBAL-MODEL; FIRE; BALANCE; LANDSCAPE AB Disturbances have been recognized as a key factor shaping terrestrial ecosystem states and dynamics. A general model that quantitatively describes the relationship between carbon storage and disturbance regime is critical for better understanding large scale terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics. We developed a model (REGIME) to quantify ecosystem carbon storage capacities (E[x]) under varying disturbance regimes with an analytical solution E[x] =U . tau(E) . lambda/lambda+s tau(1), where U is ecosystem carbon influx, tau(E) is ecosystem carbon residence time, and tau(1) is the residence time of the carbon pool affected by disturbances (biomass pool in this study). The disturbance regime is characterized by the mean disturbance interval (lambda) and the mean disturbance severity (s). It is a Michaelis-Menten-type equation illustrating the saturation of carbon content with mean disturbance interval. This model analytically integrates the deterministic ecosystem carbon processes with stochastic disturbance events to reveal a general pattern of terrestrial carbon dynamics at large scales. The model allows us to get a sense of the sensitivity of ecosystems to future environmental changes just by a few calculations. According to the REGIME model, for example, approximately 1.8 Pg C will be lost in the high-latitude regions of North America (>45 degrees N) if fire disturbance intensity increases around 5.7 time the current intensity to the end of the twenty-first century, which will require around 12% increases in net primary productivity (NPP) to maintain stable carbon stocks. If the residence time decreased 10% at the same time additional 12.5% increases in NPP are required to keep current C stocks. The REGIME model also lays the foundation for analytically modeling the interactions between deterministic biogeochemical processes and stochastic disturbance events. C1 [Weng, Ensheng S.; Luo, Y. Q.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Weile] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wang, Han] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hayes, Daniel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schimel, David S.] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weng, ESS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM wengensheng@gmail.com RI Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Hayes, Daniel/B-8968-2012 OI Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; FU Office of Science, Department of Energy [DE-FG02-006ER64319]; Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University [DE-FC02-06ER64158]; National Science Foundation [DBI 0850290, DEB 0840964, DEB 0743778, EPS 0919466] FX This research was financially supported by the Office of Science, Department of Energy (grant DE-FG02-006ER64319); by the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Michigan Technological University under award DE-FC02-06ER64158; and by the National Science Foundation under DBI 0850290, DEB 0840964, DEB 0743778, and EPS 0919466. We thank Nikola P. Petrov of the University of Oklahoma, Jeremy W. Lichstein of the University of Florida, and Anping Chen of Princeton University for their helpful comments. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03014 DI 10.1029/2012JG002040 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 980RB UT WOS:000306909600001 ER PT J AU Lowe, MR Wu, W Peterson, MS Brown-Peterson, NJ Slack, WT Schofield, PJ AF Lowe, Michael R. Wu, Wei Peterson, Mark S. Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Slack, William T. Schofield, Pamela J. TI Survival, Growth and Reproduction of Non-Native Nile Tilapia II: Fundamental Niche Projections and Invasion Potential in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MISSISSIPPI WATERSHEDS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN; FISH; AQUACULTURE; ESTUARIES AB Understanding the fundamental niche of invasive species facilitates our ability to predict both dispersal patterns and invasion success and therefore provides the basis for better-informed conservation and management policies. Here we focus on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758), one of the most widely cultured fish worldwide and a species that has escaped local aquaculture facilities to become established in a coastal-draining river in Mississippi (northern Gulf of Mexico). Using empirical physiological data, logistic regression models were developed to predict the probabilities of Nile tilapia survival, growth, and reproduction at different combinations of temperature (14 and 30 degrees C) and salinity (0-60, by increments of 10). These predictive models were combined with kriged seasonal salinity data derived from multiple long-term data sets to project the species' fundamental niche in Mississippi coastal waters during normal salinity years (averaged across all years) and salinity patterns in extremely wet and dry years (which might emerge more frequently under scenarios of climate change). The derived fundamental niche projections showed that during the summer, Nile tilapia is capable of surviving throughout Mississippi's coastal waters but growth and reproduction were limited to river mouths (or upriver). Overwinter survival was also limited to river mouths. The areas where Nile tilapia could survive, grow, and reproduce increased during extremely wet years (2-368%) and decreased during extremely dry years (86-92%) in the summer with a similar pattern holding for overwinter survival. These results indicate that Nile tilapia is capable of 1) using saline waters to gain access to other watersheds throughout the region and 2) establishing populations in nearshore, low-salinity waters, particularly in the western portion of coastal Mississippi. C1 [Lowe, Michael R.; Wu, Wei; Peterson, Mark S.; Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Slack, William T.] USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Lowe, MR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. EM michael.lowe@eagles.usm.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4); United States Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; departmental fellowship through the Department of Coastal Sciences at the University of Southern Mississippi FX None of the work in this manuscript was funded directly. Funding for previous aspects of this study were provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 4) and the United States Geological Survey Invasive Species Program. MRL was funded through a departmental fellowship through the Department of Coastal Sciences at the University of Southern Mississippi. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41580 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041580 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ER UT WOS:000306950200072 PM 22848533 ER PT J AU Jones, MEB Paddock, D Bender, L Allen, JL Schrenzel, MS Pessier, AP AF Jones, Megan E. B. Paddock, David Bender, Lee Allen, Jack L. Schrenzel, Mark S. Pessier, Allan P. TI Treatment of chytridiomycosis with reduced-dose itraconazole SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Wyoming toad; Anaxyrus baxteri; White's tree frog; Litoria caerulea ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION; EMERGING DISEASE; FROGS; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; DECLINES; TRIALS AB Effective treatment methods to eliminate infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) are required for development of sustainable captive survival assurance populations of amphibians and to reduce the risk of introducing Bd to new locations as part of amphibian trade or reintroduction programs. Treatment with itraconazole baths at 100 mg l(-1) is commonly used in captive amphibians, but side effects are observed in some amphibian species and life stages. Naturally occurring outbreaks of chytridiomycosis in Wyoming toads Anaxyrus baxteri and White's tree frogs Litoria caerulea were treated with lower-dose itraconazole baths (e. g. 50 mg l(-1) for White's tree frogs) and followed post-treatment with serial Taqman PCR testing to confirm elimination of Bd infection. Post-treatment PCR tests were consistently negative for the presence of Bd and treatment was deemed successful. Although this was not a controlled clinical trial, results suggest that lower doses of itraconazole may be effective for treatment of chytridiomycosis with resulting cost savings to amphibian conservation programs and a potential for a reduction in dose-related side effects from itraconazole treatment. Prospective clinical trials of alternative itraconazole treatment protocols are encouraged. C1 [Jones, Megan E. B.; Schrenzel, Mark S.; Pessier, Allan P.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Wildlife Dis Labs, Amphibian Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Paddock, David; Bender, Lee] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Saratoga Natl Fish Hatchery, Saratoga, WY 82331 USA. [Allen, Jack L.] San Diego Zoo Safari Pk, Paul Harter Vet Med Ctr, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. RP Pessier, AP (reprint author), San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Wildlife Dis Labs, Amphibian Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. EM apessier@sandiegozoo.org FU Institute for Museum and Library Services [LG-25-08-0066] FX The authors thank I. Navarrete, T. Tucker, K. Benson, J. Burchell and Y. Cates for outstanding PCR, database and histology support. J. Longcore kindly provided Bd isolate JEL 197 used to generate PCR standards. This project was supported by National Leadership Program grant LG-25-08-0066 from the Institute for Museum and Library Services. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Institute of Museum and Library Services. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 25 PY 2012 VL 99 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.3354/dao02475 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 979RL UT WOS:000306837400009 PM 22832723 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Metcalfe, SE Addison, JA AF Barron, John A. Metcalfe, Sarah E. Addison, Jason A. TI Response of the North American monsoon to regional changes in ocean surface temperature SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LATE QUATERNARY LACUSTRINE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NEW-MEXICO; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY AB The North American monsoon (NAM), an onshore wind shift occurring between July and September, has evolved in character during the Holocene largely due to changes in Northern Hemisphere insolation. Published paleoproxy and modeling studies suggest that prior to similar to 8000 cal years BP, the NAM affected a broader region than today, extending westward into the Mojave Desert of California. Holocene proxy SST records from the Gulf of California (GoC) and the adjacent Pacific provide constraints for this changing NAM climatology. Prior to similar to 8000 cal years BP, lower GoC SSTs would not have fueled northward surges of tropical moisture up the GoC, which presently contribute most of the monsoon precipitation to the western NAM region. During the early Holocene, the North Pacific High was further north and SSTs in the California Current off Baja California were warmer, allowing monsoonal moisture flow from the subtropical Pacific to take a more direct, northwesterly trajectory into an expanded area of the southwestern U. S. west of 114 degrees W. A new upwelling record off southwest Baja California reveals that enhanced upwelling in the California Current beginning at similar to 7500 cal year BP may have triggered a change in NAM climatology, focusing the geographic expression of NAM in the southwest USA into its modern core region east of similar to 114 degrees W, in Arizona and New Mexico. Holocene proxy precipitation records from the southwestern U. S. and northwestern Mexico, including lakes, vegetation/pollen, and caves are reviewed and found to be largely supportive of this hypothesis of changing Holocene NAM climatology. C1 [Barron, John A.; Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Metcalfe, Sarah E.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jbarron@usgs.gov OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU Royal Society [2010/R3] FX This manuscript was evolved through numerous revisions during the past 2+ years. Carrie Morrill, Noah Diffenbaugh, and Robert Thompson provided helpful comments on the earliest version of this manuscript. We also thank Julio Betancourt, Matthew Kirby, David Wahl, and Scott Starratt for suggestions and Lesleigh Anderson and Richard Poore for their very thorough reviews of subsequent versions of this manuscript. Appreciation is also due to Erin McClymont for sharing her GoC alkenone SST data and Walt Dean for providing samples from core GC31. Bruce Finney, Andrea Krumhardt, and Matt Alexander are also acknowledged for their assistance with the opal protocol. Two anonymous reviewers for Paleoceanography and the Editor, Chris Charles, provided very valuable suggestions for focusing and refining the current manuscript. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of a Royal Society International Travel Grant 2010/R3 which facilitated this collaboration. NR 92 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUL 25 PY 2012 VL 27 AR PA3206 DI 10.1029/2011PA002235 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 980OY UT WOS:000306904000001 ER PT J AU Buler, JJ Randall, LA Fleskes, JP Barrow, WC Bogart, T Kluver, D AF Buler, Jeffrey J. Randall, Lori A. Fleskes, Joseph P. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. Bogart, Tianna Kluver, Daria TI Mapping Wintering Waterfowl Distributions Using Weather Surveillance Radar SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL-VALLEY; FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; BIRD MOVEMENTS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SPRING MIGRATION; VISIBILITY BIAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; GREAT-LAKES; PATTERNS; WSR-88D AB The current network of weather surveillance radars within the United States readily detects flying birds and has proven to be a useful remote-sensing tool for ornithological study. Radar reflectivity measures serve as an index to bird density and have been used to quantitatively map landbird distributions during migratory stopover by sampling birds aloft at the onset of nocturnal migratory flights. Our objective was to further develop and validate a similar approach for mapping wintering waterfowl distributions using weather surveillance radar observations at the onset of evening flights. We evaluated data from the Sacramento, CA radar (KDAX) during winters 1998-1999 and 1999-2000. We determined an optimal sampling time by evaluating the accuracy and precision of radar observations at different times during the onset of evening flight relative to observed diurnal distributions of radio-marked birds on the ground. The mean time of evening flight initiation occurred 23 min after sunset with the strongest correlations between reflectivity and waterfowl density on the ground occurring almost immediately after flight initiation. Radar measures became more spatially homogeneous as evening flight progressed because birds dispersed from their departure locations. Radars effectively detected birds to a mean maximum range of 83 km during the first 20 min of evening flight. Using a sun elevation angle of -5 degrees (28 min after sunset) as our optimal sampling time, we validated our approach using KDAX data and additional data from the Beale Air Force Base, CA (KBBX) radar during winter 1998-1999. Bias-adjusted radar reflectivity of waterfowl aloft was positively related to the observed diurnal density of radio-marked waterfowl locations on the ground. Thus, weather radars provide accurate measures of relative wintering waterfowl density that can be used to comprehensively map their distributions over large spatial extents. C1 [Buler, Jeffrey J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Randall, Lori A.; Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. [Bogart, Tianna; Kluver, Daria] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE USA. RP Buler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jbuler@udel.edu OI Buler, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2696-847X FU United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 23 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41571 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041571 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977TM UT WOS:000306687700114 PM 22911816 ER PT J AU Schaefer, K Schwalm, CR Williams, C Arain, MA Barr, A Chen, JM Davis, KJ Dimitrov, D Hilton, TW Hollinger, DY Humphreys, E Poulter, B Raczka, BM Richardson, AD Sahoo, A Thornton, P Vargas, R Verbeeck, H Anderson, R Baker, I Black, TA Bolstad, P Chen, JQ Curtis, PS Desai, AR Dietze, M Dragoni, D Gough, C Grant, RF Gu, LH Jain, A Kucharik, C Law, B Liu, SG Lokipitiya, E Margolis, HA Matamala, R McCaughey, JH Monson, R Munger, JW Oechel, W Peng, CH Price, DT Ricciuto, D Riley, WJ Roulet, N Tian, HQ Tonitto, C Torn, M Weng, ES Zhou, XL AF Schaefer, Kevin Schwalm, Christopher R. Williams, Chris Arain, M. Altaf Barr, Alan Chen, Jing M. Davis, Kenneth J. Dimitrov, Dimitre Hilton, Timothy W. Hollinger, David Y. Humphreys, Elyn Poulter, Benjamin Raczka, Brett M. Richardson, Andrew D. Sahoo, Alok Thornton, Peter Vargas, Rodrigo Verbeeck, Hans Anderson, Ryan Baker, Ian Black, T. Andrew Bolstad, Paul Chen, Jiquan Curtis, Peter S. Desai, Ankur R. Dietze, Michael Dragoni, Danilo Gough, Christopher Grant, Robert F. Gu, Lianhong Jain, Atul Kucharik, Chris Law, Beverly Liu, Shuguang Lokipitiya, Erandathie Margolis, Hank A. Matamala, Roser McCaughey, J. Harry Monson, Russ Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter Peng, Changhui Price, David T. Ricciuto, Dan Riley, William J. Roulet, Nigel Tian, Hanqin Tonitto, Christina Torn, Margaret Weng, Ensheng Zhou, Xiaolu TI A model-data comparison of gross primary productivity: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; DIOXIDE FLUXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO2 EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; BOREAL FORESTS; HIGH-ELEVATION; SOIL-MOISTURE AB Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystem models is critical because errors in simulated GPP propagate through the model to introduce additional errors in simulated biomass and other fluxes. We evaluated simulated, daily average GPP from 26 models against estimated GPP at 39 eddy covariance flux tower sites across the United States and Canada. None of the models in this study match estimated GPP within observed uncertainty. On average, models overestimate GPP in winter, spring, and fall, and underestimate GPP in summer. Models overpredicted GPP under dry conditions and for temperatures below 0 degrees C. Improvements in simulated soil moisture and ecosystem response to drought or humidity stress will improve simulated GPP under dry conditions. Adding a low-temperature response to shut down GPP for temperatures below 0 degrees C will reduce the positive bias in winter, spring, and fall and improve simulated phenology. The negative bias in summer and poor overall performance resulted from mismatches between simulated and observed light use efficiency (LUE). Improving simulated GPP requires better leaf-to-canopy scaling and better values of model parameters that control the maximum potential GPP, such as epsilon(max) (LUE), V-cmax (unstressed Rubisco catalytic capacity) or Jmax (the maximum electron transport rate). C1 [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwalm, Christopher R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Williams, Chris] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arain, M. Altaf] McMaster Univ, McMaster Ctr Climate Change, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Chen, Jing M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Davis, Kenneth J.; Raczka, Brett M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dimitrov, Dimitre; Price, David T.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Hilton, Timothy W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH USA. [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Poulter, Benjamin] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolut Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sahoo, Alok] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Thornton, Peter; Gu, Lianhong; Ricciuto, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol & Conservac, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE USA. [Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, Plant Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Anderson, Ryan] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baker, Ian; Lokipitiya, Erandathie] Univ Colombo, Dept Zool, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Bolstad, Paul; Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dietze, Michael] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gough, Christopher] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Grant, Robert F.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Jain, Atul] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kucharik, Chris] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Law, Beverly] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] United States Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Margolis, Hank A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McCaughey, J. Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Monson, Russ] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter] CRI Fdn Edmund Mach, San Michele All Adige, Italy. [Peng, Changhui; Zhou, Xiaolu] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Riley, William J.; Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Tonitto, Christina] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Weng, Ensheng] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schaefer, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Peng, Changhui/G-8248-2012; Dietze, Michael/A-5834-2009; Verbeeck, Hans/A-2106-2009; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Dietze, Michael/0000-0002-2324-2518; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Hilton, Timothy/0000-0001-9575-9850; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; Kucharik, Christopher/0000-0002-0400-758X; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600 FU NOAA Award [NA07OAR4310115]; U.S. National Science Foundation grant [ATM-0910766]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science for AmeriFlux Science Team [DE-FG02-04ER63911] FX We thank the North American Carbon Program Site-Level Interim Synthesis team and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for collecting, organizing, and distributing the model output and flux observations required for this analysis. We thank Dennis Baldocchi, Lawrence Flanagan, Ni Golaz, Gabrial Katul, Kim Novick, Paul Stoy, and Shashi B. Verma for providing valuable data and advice during the development of this paper. This research was partly funded by NOAA Award NA07OAR4310115 and U.S. National Science Foundation grant ATM-0910766; funding was also provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science for AmeriFlux Science Team research to develop measurement and data submission protocols and conduct quality assurance of measurements for AmeriFlux investigators (Grant DE-FG02-04ER63911). NR 110 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 108 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03010 DI 10.1029/2012JG001960 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 977XP UT WOS:000306698500002 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, Richard M. TI Elementary theory of bed-sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ERODIBLE SURFACE; ROCK AVALANCHES; CHANGE MODEL; EROSION; MOBILIZATION; LANDSLIDES; DEPOSITION AB Analyses of mass and momentum exchange between a debris flow or avalanche and an underlying sediment layer aid interpretations and predictions of bed-sediment entrainment rates. A preliminary analysis assesses the behavior of a Coulomb slide block that entrains bed material as it descends a uniform slope. The analysis demonstrates that the block's momentum can grow unstably, even in the presence of limited entrainment efficiency. A more-detailed, depth-integrated continuum analysis of interacting, deformable bodies identifies mechanical controls on entrainment efficiency, and shows that entrainment rates satisfy a jump condition that involves shear-traction and velocity discontinuities at the flow-bed boundary. Explicit predictions of the entrainment rate E result from making reasonable assumptions about flow velocity profiles and boundary shear tractions. For Coulomb-friction tractions, predicted entrainment rates are sensitive to pore fluid pressures that develop in bed sediment as it is overridden. In the simplest scenario the bed sediment liquefies completely, and the entrainment-rate equation reduces to E = 2 mu(1)gh(1) cos theta(1 - lambda(1))/(v) over bar (1), where theta is the slope angle, mu(1) is the flow's Coulomb friction coefficient, h(1) is its thickness, lambda(1) is its degree of liquefaction, and (v) over bar (1) is its depth-averaged velocity. For values of lambda(1) ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, this equation predicts entrainment rates consistent with rates of 0.05 to 0.1 m/s measured in large-scale debris-flow experiments in which wet sediment beds liquefied almost completely. The propensity for bed liquefaction depends on several factors, including sediment porosity, permeability, and thickness, and rates of compression and shear deformation that occur when beds are overridden. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 81 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUL 19 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F03006 DI 10.1029/2011JF002189 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 977XY UT WOS:000306699900001 ER PT J AU Randklev, CR Johnson, MS Tsakiris, ET Rogers-Oetker, S Roe, KJ Harris, JL McMurray, SE Robertson, C Groce, J Wilkins, N AF Randklev, Charles R. Johnson, Matthew S. Tsakiris, Eric T. Rogers-Oetker, Susan Roe, Kevin J. Harris, John L. McMurray, Stephen E. Robertson, Clint Groce, Julie Wilkins, Neal TI False spike, Quadrula mitchelli (Bivalvia: Unionidae), is not extinct: First account of a live population in over 30 years SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; unionids; Texas; threatened; rare species AB During a recent survey a small population of Quadrula mitchelli (Simpson, 1895), a species thought to have been extinct, was discovered in Texas. In total, 7 live individuals were collected from the Guadalupe River near Gonzales, Gonzales County, Texas. Our finding represents the only known population for this species in Texas and the first record of live specimens in over 30 y, which is significant because this species is currently under review for protection under the Endangered Species Act. C1 [Randklev, Charles R.; Johnson, Matthew S.; Tsakiris, Eric T.; Groce, Julie; Wilkins, Neal] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rogers-Oetker, Susan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Roe, Kevin J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Harris, John L.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [McMurray, Stephen E.] Cent Reg Off, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [McMurray, Stephen E.] Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Robertson, Clint] Texas Parks & Wildlife, Inland Fisheries Div, San Marcos, TX 78667 USA. RP Randklev, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM crandklev@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas Department of Transportation and Robert G. Howells, BioStudies FX We thank the Texas Department of Transportation and Robert G. Howells, BioStudies, for supporting various aspects of this research. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 978RU UT WOS:000306764000013 ER PT J AU Cornet, T Bourgeois, O Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Barnes, JW Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Nicholson, PD AF Cornet, Thomas Bourgeois, Olivier Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Barnes, Jason W. Brown, Robert H. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Phillip D. TI Edge detection applied to Cassini images reveals no measurable displacement of Ontario Lacus' margin between 2005 and 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ETOSHA PAN; TITAN; LAKES; EVOLUTION; NAMIBIA; ETHANE AB Ontario Lacus is thus far the largest flat-floored topographic depression of Titan's southern hemisphere interpreted as a permanent or ephemeral lake. From 2005 to 2010, it was imaged several times and at various wavelengths by ISS, VIMS and RADAR instruments onboard Cassini's spacecraft. We analyze the position and uncertainty of Ontario Lacus' margin in all these images using an edge detection method based on image derivation. We find that, given the range of uncertainties in contour locations derived from images, no measurable displacement of Ontario Lacus' margin can be detected between 2005 and 2010 at the actual image spatial resolutions. The discrepancy between this result and previous ones is attributable to differences in (1) the basics behind the methods used, (2) the actual spatial resolutions and contrasts of the available images due to differential atmospheric scattering effects at different wavelengths, and (3) the geomorphological interpretation of contours derived from images acquired at different wavelengths. This lack of measurable displacement in the images suggests that the imaged contour corresponds either (1) to the border of a surface liquid body, provided that potential changes in its extent over five terrestrial years were not sufficiently large to be measured, or (2) to the stationary topographic border between Ontario Lacus' depression and the surrounding alluvial plain. Potential displacements of Ontario Lacus' margin between 2005 and 2010 are thus below the actual resolution of currently available images or have to be sought for within the extent of the topographic depression rather than along its borders. C1 [Cornet, Thomas; Bourgeois, Olivier; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Cornet, Thomas; Bourgeois, Olivier; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe] CNRS, Nantes, France. [Cornet, Thomas; Bourgeois, Olivier; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe] OSUNA, Nantes, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] CEA Saclay, DSM, IRFU, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cornet, T (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP92208, F-44000 Nantes, France. EM thomas.cornet@univ-nantes.fr RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; Cornet, Thomas/E-7539-2017 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Cornet, Thomas/0000-0001-5971-0056 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU Programme National de Planetologie, Programme Reliefs, France); Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLAN-0127]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX The authors appreciate financial support provided by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU Programme National de Planetologie, Programme Reliefs, France) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (project ANR-07-BLAN-0127 "Exoclimats," France). Part of this work has been performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. C.S. acknowledges support by NASA Astrobiology Institute. We thank Ellen Stofan and an anonymous reviewer for their effort in reviewing a preliminary version of the manuscript and for helping us clarify a number of important points. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR E07005 DI 10.1029/2012JE004073 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 977YD UT WOS:000306700500002 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Metge, DW Fogarty, LR Meyer, MT Barber, LB Harvey, RW LeBlanc, DR Kolpin, DW AF Haack, Sheridan K. Metge, David W. Fogarty, Lisa R. Meyer, Michael T. Barber, Larry B. Harvey, Ronald W. LeBlanc, Denis R. Kolpin, Dana W. TI Effects on Groundwater Microbial Communities of an Engineered 30-Day In Situ Exposure to the Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM PROFILES; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; SANDY AQUIFER; BACTERIA; PHARMACEUTICALS; RESISTANCE; REMOVAL; ATTENUATION; SUBSURFACE AB Effects upon microbial communities from environmental exposure to concentrations of antibiotics in the mu g L-1 range remain poorly understood. Microbial communities from an oligotrophic aquifer (estimated doubling rates of only once per week) that were previously acclimated (AC) or unacclimated (UAC) to historical sulfamethoxazole (SMX) contamination, and a laboratory-grown Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, were exposed to 240-520 mu g L-1 SMX for 30 days in situ using filter chambers allowing exposure to ambient groundwater, but not to ambient microorganisms. SMX-exposed UAC bacterial communities displayed the greatest mortality and impairment (viable stain assays), the greatest change in sensitivity to SMX (dose-response assays), and the greatest change in community composition (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; T-RFLP). The sul1 gene, encoding resistance to SMX at clinically relevant levels, and an element of Class I integrons, was not detected in any community. Changes in microbial community structure and SMX resistance over a short experimental period in previously nonexposed, slow growing aquifer communities suggest concentrations of antibiotics 2-3 orders of magnitude less than those used in clinical applications may influence ecological function through changes in community composition, and could promote antibiotic resistance through selection of naturally resistant bacteria. C1 [Haack, Sheridan K.; Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Metge, David W.; Barber, Larry B.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [LeBlanc, Denis R.] US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Water Sci Ctr, Northborough, MA USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. EM skhaack@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013; OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors wish to thank Gillian Fairchild, Steffanie Keefe, and Timothy McCobb of the USGS for their help during the field experiment and sample analysis; Mark Bonito of the USGS for his assistance in preparing the illustrations; and Natasha Isaacs-Cosgrove of the USGS for assistance with the T-RFLP analysis. The filter chambers were provided by Dr. John Lisle (USGS, St. Petersburg, FL). This study was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The use of trade, firm, or product names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 14 BP 7478 EP 7486 DI 10.1021/es3009776 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974MZ UT WOS:000306441000008 PM 22698075 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Journey, CA Lowery, MA Brigham, ME Burns, DA Button, DT Chapelle, FH Lutz, MA Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Riva-Murray, K AF Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Lowery, Mark A. Brigham, Mark E. Burns, Douglas A. Button, Daniel T. Chapelle, Francis H. Lutz, Michelle A. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. Riva-Murray, Karen TI Shallow Groundwater Mercury Supply in a Coastal Plain Stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINNESOTA RIVERS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; EASTERN USA; METHYLMERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; CATCHMENTS; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGY AB Fluvial methylmercury (MeHg) is attributed to methylation in up gradient wetland areas. This hypothesis depends on efficient wetland-to-stream hydraulic transport under nonflood and flood conditions Fluxes of water and dissolved (filtered) mercury (Hg) species (FMeHg and total Hg (FTHg)) were quantified in April and July of 2009 in a reach at McTier Creek, South Carolina to determine the relative importance of tributary surface water and shallow groundwater Hg transport from wetland/floodplain areas to the stream under nonflood conditions. The reach represented less than 6% of upstream main-channel distance and 2% of upstream basin area. Surface-water discharge increased within the reach by approximately 10%. Mean FMeHg and FTHg fluxes increased within the reach by 23-27% and 9-15%, respectively. Mass balances indicated that, under nonflood conditions, the primary supply of water, FMeHg, and FTHg within the, reach (excluding upstream surface water influx) was groundwater discharge, rather than tributary transport from wetlands, in stream MeHg production, or atmospheric Hg deposition. These results illustrate the importance of riparian wetland/floodplain areas as sources of fluvial MeHg and of groundwater Hg transport as a fundamental control on Hg supply to Coastal Plain streams. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Journey, Celeste A.; Lowery, Mark A.; Brigham, Mark E.; Burns, Douglas A.; Button, Daniel T.; Chapelle, Francis H.; Lutz, Michelle A.; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C.; Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov RI Riva, Monica/A-9974-2015; OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851; Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800 FU The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs supported this research. We thank the family of Senator Strom Thurmond for access to the McTier Creek study area. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 14 BP 7503 EP 7511 DI 10.1021/es301540g PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974MZ UT WOS:000306441000011 PM 22734594 ER PT J AU Kwon, SY Blum, JD Carvan, MJ Basu, N Head, JA Madenjian, CP David, SR AF Kwon, Sae Yun Blum, Joel D. Carvan, Michael J. Basu, Niladri Head, Jessica A. Madenjian, Charles P. David, Solomon R. TI Absence of Fractionation of Mercury Isotopes during Trophic Transfer of Methylmercury to Freshwater Fish in Captivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTICOLLECTOR-ICPMS; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; INORGANIC MERCURY; HG; BIOACCUMULATION; LAKE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION AB We performed two controlled experiments to determine the amount of mass dependent and mass independent fractionation (MDF and MIF) of methylmercury (MeHg) during trophic transfer into fish. In experiment 1, juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were raised in captivity on commercial food pellets and then their diet was either maintained on unamended food pellets (0.1 mu g/g MeHg) or was switched to food pellets with 1.0 mu g/g or 4.0 mu g/g of added MeHg, for a period of 2 months. The difference in delta Hg-202 (MDF) and Delta Hg-199 (MIF) between fish tissues and food pellets with added MeHg was within the analytical uncertainty (delta Hg-202, 0.07 parts per thousand; Delta Hg-199, 0.06 parts per thousand), indicating no isotope fractionation. In experiment 2, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were raised in captivity on food pellets and then shifted to a diet of bloater (Coregonus hoyi) for 6 months. The delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199 of the lake trout equaled the isotopic composition of the bloater after 6 months, reflecting reequilibration of the Hg isotopic composition of the fish to new food sources and a lack of isotope fractionation during trophic transfer. We suggest that the stable Hg isotope ratios in fish can be used to trace environmental sources of Hg in aquatic ecosystems. C1 [Kwon, Sae Yun; Blum, Joel D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carvan, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Wisconsin Aquaculture Technol & Envir, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Head, Jessica A.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [David, Solomon R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kwon, SY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM saeyunk@umich.edu OI Carvan, Michael/0000-0002-9190-9417; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 FU NSF [EAR-0952108]; US DOE Office of Science (BER); NOAA; Great Lakes Fishery commission grant FX The authors thank M. Pickens for raising yellow perch, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Sullivan Creek National Fish Hatchery for raising the lake trout, M. Johnson for expert operation of the MC-ICP-MS, and D. Krabbenhoft for generously providing MeHg analyses of fish food pellets. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding was provided by grants from NSF (EAR-0952108) and US DOE Office of Science (BER) to J. D. Blum, NOAA pilot funds to J. A. Head, and a Great Lakes Fishery commission grant to C. P. Madenjian. This article is Contribution 1699 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 14 BP 7527 EP 7534 DI 10.1021/es300794q PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 974MZ UT WOS:000306441000014 PM 22681311 ER PT J AU Smith, AW Lorentz, SR Stone, TC Datla, RV AF Smith, Allan W. Lorentz, Steven R. Stone, Thomas C. Datla, Raju V. TI Lunar Spectral Irradiance and Radiance (LUSI): New Instrumentation to Characterize the Moon as a Space-Based Radiometric Standard SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE moon; radiometry; satellite sensor calibration ID RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; UNIFORM SOURCES; SOLAR; NIST; FACILITY; NM AB The need to understand and monitor climate change has led to proposed radiometric accuracy requirements for space-based remote sensing instruments that are very stringent and currently outside the capabilities of many Earth orbiting instruments. A major problem is quantifying changes in sensor performance that occur from launch and during the mission. To address this problem on-orbit calibrators and monitors have been developed, but they too can suffer changes from launch and the harsh space environment. One solution is to use the Moon as a calibration reference source. Already the Moon has been used to remove post-launch drift and to cross-calibrate different instruments, but further work is needed to develop a new model with low absolute uncertainties capable of climate-quality absolute calibration of Earth observing instruments on orbit. To this end, we are proposing an Earth-based instrument suite to measure the absolute lunar spectral irradiance to an uncertainty(1) of 0.5% (k=1) over the spectral range from 320 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral resolution of approximately 0.3%. Absolute measurements of lunar radiance will also be acquired to facilitate calibration of high spatial resolution sensors. The instruments will be deployed at high elevation astronomical observatories and flown on high-altitude balloons in order to mitigate the effects of the Earth's atmosphere on the lunar observations. Periodic calibrations using instrumentation and techniques available from NIST will ensure traceability to the International System of Units (SI) and low absolute radiometric uncertainties. C1 [Smith, Allan W.; Datla, Raju V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stone, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, AW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM allan.smith@nist.gov; steven.lorentz@nist.gov; tstone@usgs.gov; raju.datla@nist.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.6028/jres.117.011 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988WE UT WOS:000307520700001 PM 26900523 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Matson, JO McCarthy, TJ Eckerlin, RP Bulmer, W Ordonez-Garza, N AF Woodman, Neal Matson, John O. McCarthy, Timothy J. Eckerlin, Ralph P. Bulmer, Walter Ordonez-Garza, Nicte TI DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF SHREWS (MAMMALIA, SORICOMORPHA, SORICIDAE) FROM NORTHERN CENTRAL AMERICA WITH THE FIRST RECORD OF SOREX FROM HONDURAS SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM LA English DT Article DE food habits; Insectivora; parasites; pit fall; reproduction; shrews; trap success ID SMALL-EARED SHREW; FOOD NICHE OVERLAP; GENUS CRYPTOTIS; MONTANE FOREST; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ECOLOGICAL SEPARATION; COSTA-RICA; INSECTIVORA; GUATEMALA AB Short term surveys for small mammals in Guatemala and Honduras during 1992-2009 provided important new records for 12 taxa of shrews from 24 localities. These locality records expand the known geographic distributions for live species and for the genus Sorex Linnaeus, 1758: the geographic range of Cryptotis goodwini Jackson, 1933, now includes the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, and several isolated highlands in western Honduras; the known distribution of Cryptotis mayensis (Merriam, 1901) is increased with the first definite modern record for this shrew from Guatemala; Cryptotis merriami Choate, 1970, is now known to occur in the Sierra de las Minas and the Sierra del Merendon, Guatemala, as well as the isolated Sierra de Omoa and Montana de La Muralla in Honduras, and its documented elevational range (600-1720 m) is expanded; records of Sorer veraepacis Alston, 1877, expand the known distribution of this species to include the Sierra de Yalijux, Guatemala; and discovery of Sorex salvini Merriam, 1897, at Celaque, Honduras (1825-3110 m), represents a considerable extension of the geographic range of the species, and it is the first record of the genus Sorer from Honduras. In addition, the first record of potential syntopy among C. goodwini, C. merriami, and Cryptotis orophilus (J.A. Allen, 1895), is reported at an elevation of 1430 in in the Sierra de Celaque, Honduras. Information associated with these records contributes substantially to knowledge of habitat use, elevational distributions, reproductive patterns, diet, and parasites of the species encountered. General patterns include the first evidence that Neotropical species of soricids have smaller litters than their temperate congeners. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Sect Mammals,Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Matson, John O.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [McCarthy, Timothy J.] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Mammals, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. [Eckerlin, Ralph P.] No Virginia Community Coll, Div Nat Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Sect Invertebrate Zool, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. [Ordonez-Garza, Nicte] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Sect Mammals,Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu; johnomatson@gmail.com; reckerlin@nvcc.edu; wbulmer@comcast.net; nicte.ordonez-garza@ttu.edu FU M. Graham Netting Fund; O'Neil Field Research Fund; National Geographic Society [6105-98]; R.K. Mellon North American Mammal Research Institute of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; The Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History; The Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University; Northern Virginia Community College Professional Development Fund; The Nature Conservancy; Campmor Inc.; United States Geological Survey FX For various forms of assistance, we thank J. Bucklin, J.A. Campbell, G.A. Cruz D., L. Barahona, E. Fernandez, S.R. Flores R., Fundacion Ecologista, H. Galeano, FUNDAECO, L.L. Hodges, J.A. Ibarra, G. Ibarra U., H. Lanier, S. Midence, J. Monzon S., B. Myton, A. Novack, A.J. Paredes, S.G. Perez C., V. Roth, M. Roth, J.C. Schuster, E.N. Smith, S.P. Thorn, O. Valdez, and J.R. Valdez. E. Cano and J.J. Polisar kindly provided access to specimen records; L. Wilkins assisted information requests. Special thanks to P.D. Jenkins, R. Portela Miguez, D. Hills, and R. Harbord (BMNH) for access to registers, literature, and specimens, and J. Thackary for access to archives in the BMNH Library. Field work was supported by M. Graham Netting Fund; O'Neil Field Research Fund; National Geographic Society (#6105-98 to TJM); the R.K. Mellon North American Mammal Research Institute of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History; U.S. Food and Drug Administration (to RPE); The Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History; The Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University (to JOM); Northern Virginia Community College Professional Development Fund (to RPE); The Nature Conservancy; Campmor Inc.; and the United States Geological Survey. We are grateful to the Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Cooperacion Hondurena de Forestales (COHDEFOR; V. Archaga, T. Garcia), and Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas, Guatemala (CONAP; O.F. Lara, M. Garcia de Solorzano, F. Herrera, E. Flores), for providing collection permits and other valuable assistance. The Union para Proteger el Bosque Nuboso (UPROBON) graciously granted permission to work in Chelemha Natural Reserve. Robert P. Reynolds and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 80 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI PITTSBURGH PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0097-4463 EI 1943-6300 J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS JI Ann. Carnegie Mus. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 80 IS 3 BP 207 EP 237 PG 31 WC Paleontology; Zoology SC Paleontology; Zoology GA 983SO UT WOS:000307139200003 ER PT J AU Jochum, KP Scholz, D Stoll, B Weis, U Wilson, SA Yang, QC Schwalb, A Borner, N Jacob, DE Andreae, MO AF Jochum, Klaus Peter Scholz, Denis Stoll, Brigitte Weis, Ulrike Wilson, Stephen A. Yang, Qichao Schwalb, Antje Boerner, Nicole Jacob, Dorrit E. Andreae, Meinrat O. TI Accurate trace element analysis of speleothems and biogenic calcium carbonates by LA-ICP-MS SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calcium carbonate; Speleothem; Ostracod; Microanalysis; LA-ICP-MS; MACS-3 ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; FEMTOSECOND LASER-ABLATION; NM ND-YAG; MASS SPECTROMETRY; GLASSES; ISOTOPE; FRACTIONATION; CONSTRAINTS; CHEMISTRY; SAMPLES AB The high spatial resolution of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) microanalysis of speleothems and biogenic calcium carbonates makes it possible to improve our understanding of past climatic conditions. However, there are analytical problems associated with this method, such as molecular interferences, elemental fractionation, and mass-load-dependent matrix effects, when using NIST silicate reference glasses for calibration. Our study with a sector-field ICP-MS shows that many masses are affected by interferences, such as Mg-24(+) by Ca-48(++) or P-31(+) by (NO+)-N-15-O-16. Elemental fractionation and mass-load-dependent matrix effects have been detected for both 213 and 193 nm Nd:YAG lasers. They are small for refractory lithophile elements, in particular for the 193 nm laser (<5%). For chalcophile/siderophile trace elements with low boiling points, however, these effects are large (up to 40% and 20% for the 213 and 193 nm lasers, respectively), and variable for the NISI glasses and carbonates. In this paper, a protocol for precise and accurate LA-ICP-MS analysis of calcium carbonates is established. Isotopes for interference-free measurements at low (M/Delta M similar to 300) and medium (M/Delta M similar to 4000) mass resolution have been identified. The NISI glasses are suitable for calibration of refractory lithophile element concentrations. However, matrix-matched calibration with carbonate reference materials, such as USGS MACS-1 or MACS-3, is necessary for accurate analysis of chalcophile/siderophile elements with low boiling points. Analytical reproducibility (RSD) is a factor of similar to 2 better using the 193 nm laser than the 213 nm laser. As shown by the analysis of MACS-1 and MACS-3, LA-ICP-MS analyses yield results that agree with the reference values within relative uncertainties of ca. 5-10% at the 95% confidence level. We have applied LA-ICP-MS far the determination of trace element concentrations in calcite and aragonite layers of a stalagmite and found large variations for Mg, Zn, Sr, and U. In ostracod shells, the concentrations of some trace elements (e.g.. Sr and Ba) vary significantly, indicating the potential for paleoclimate research. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jochum, Klaus Peter; Stoll, Brigitte; Weis, Ulrike; Yang, Qichao; Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Scholz, Denis; Jacob, Dorrit E.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schwalb, Antje; Boerner, Nicole] TU Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Hahn Meitner Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM k.jochum@mpic.de RI Jacob, Dorrit/F-8617-2010; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Scholz, Denis/G-1861-2016 OI Jacob, Dorrit/0000-0003-4744-6627; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; NR 41 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 318 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.009 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978UL UT WOS:000306771200004 ER PT J AU Han, LF Plummer, LN Aggarwal, P AF Han, Liang-Feng Plummer, L. Niel Aggarwal, Pradeep TI A graphical method to evaluate predominant geochemical processes occurring in groundwater systems for radiocarbon dating SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater chemistry; Radiocarbon dating; Graphical method; Groundwater ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; STABLE CARBON; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CONFINED AQUIFER; FLORIDAN AQUIFER; MASS-TRANSFER; NOBLE-GAS; C-14; AGES; CIRCULATION AB A graphical method is described for identifying geochemical reactions needed in the interpretation of radiocarbon age in groundwater systems. Graphs are constructed by plotting the measured C-14, delta C-13, and concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and are interpreted according to specific criteria to recognize water samples that are consistent with a wide range of processes, including geochemical reactions, carbon isotopic exchange, C-14 decay, and mixing of waters. The graphs are used to provide a qualitative estimate of radiocarbon age, to deduce the hydrochemical complexity of a groundwater system, and to compare samples from different groundwater systems. Graphs of chemical and isotopic data from a series of previously-published groundwater studies are used to demonstrate the utility of the approach. Ultimately, the information derived from the graphs is used to improve geochemical models for adjustment of radiocarbon ages in groundwater systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Liang-Feng; Aggarwal, Pradeep] IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Han, LF (reprint author), IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM L.Han@iaea.org RI aggarwal, pradeep/C-8367-2016; OI aggarwal, pradeep/0000-0001-5970-1408; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 318 BP 88 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.004 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 978UL UT WOS:000306771200008 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Liu, SG Gallant, AL AF Wu, Yiping Liu, Shuguang Gallant, Alisa L. TI Predicting impacts of increased CO2 and climate change on the water cycle and water quality in the semiarid James River Basin of the Midwestern USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CO2; Groundwater recharge; Nitrate nitrogen; Soil water content; SWAT ID CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; ELEVATED CO2; SWAT MODEL; LAND-USE; ET-AL; RUNOFF AB Emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols from human activities continue to alter the climate and likely will have significant impacts on the terrestrial hydrological cycle and water quality, especially in arid and semiarid regions. We applied an improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and potential climate change on the water cycle and nitrogen loads in the semiarid James River Basin (JRB) in the Midwestern United States. We assessed responses of water yield, soil water content, groundwater recharge, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) load under hypothetical climate-sensitivity scenarios in terms of CO2, precipitation, and air temperature. We extended our predictions of the dynamics of these hydrological variables into the mid-21st century with downscaled climate projections integrated across output from six General Circulation Models. Our simulation results compared against the baseline period 1980 to 2009 suggest the JRB hydrological system is highly responsive to rising levels of CO2 concentration and potential climate change. Under our scenarios, substantial decrease in precipitation and increase in air temperature by the mid-21st century could result in significant reduction in water yield, soil water content, and groundwater recharge. Our model also estimated decreased NO3-N load to streams, which could be beneficial, but a concomitant increase in NO3-N concentration due to a decrease in streamflow likely would degrade stream water and threaten aquatic ecosystems. These results highlight possible risks of drought, water supply shortage, and water quality degradation in this basin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Yiping; Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, EROS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Gallant, Alisa L.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; sliu@usgs.gov; gallant@usgs.gov RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; U.S. Geological Survey [G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the NASA Land Cover and Land-Use Change Program (Grant NNH07ZDA001N) and the U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. The majority of this work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Lauren Hay, Steve Markstrom, and Christian Ward-Garrison for modifying and sharing their GCM output downscaler. We thank Ramesh Singh and Elisabeth Brouwers for comments on the early version of this paper. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive comments and suggestions for improving the paper quality. NR 70 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 430 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.058 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976KO UT WOS:000306583700019 PM 22641243 ER PT J AU Jones-Lepp, TL Sanchez, C Alvarez, DA Wilson, DC Taniguchi-Fu, RL AF Jones-Lepp, Tammy L. Sanchez, Charles Alvarez, David A. Wilson, Doyle C. Taniguchi-Fu, Randi-Laurant TI Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emerging contaminants; Estrogenicity; Temporal variation; Colorado River Basin; Log D-ow ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER; ILLICIT DRUGS; SURFACE-WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TREATMENT PLANTS; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Emerging contaminants (ECs) (e.g., pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products) have been detected in waters across the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate point sources of ECs along the Colorado River, from the headwaters in Colorado to the Gulf of California. At selected locations in the Colorado River Basin (sites in Colorado, Utah. Nevada, Arizona, and California), waste stream tributaries and receiving surface waters were sampled using either grab sampling or polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). The grab samples were extracted using solid-phase cartridge extraction (SPE), and the POCIS sorbents were transferred into empty SPEs and eluted with methanol. All extracts were prepared for, and analyzed by, liquid chromatography-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS). Log D-ow values were calculated for all ECs in the study and compared to the empirical data collected. POCIS extracts were screened for the presence of estrogenic chemicals using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. Extracts from the 2008 POCIS deployment in the Las Vegas Wash showed the second highest estrogenicity response. In the grab samples, azithromycin (an antibiotic) was detected in all but one urban waste stream, with concentrations ranging from 30 ng/L to 2800 ng/L Concentration levels of azithromycin, methamphetamine and pseudoephedrine showed temporal variation from the Tucson wvap. Those ECs that were detected in the main surface water channels (those that are diverted for urban use and irrigation along the Colorado River) were in the region of the limit-of-detection (e.g., 10 ng/L), but most were below detection limits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.; Taniguchi-Fu, Randi-Laurant] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Sanchez, Charles] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Yuma Agr Ctr, Yuma, AZ USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Wilson, Doyle C.] Publ Works Dept, Lake Havasu City, AZ USA. RP Jones-Lepp, TL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM jones-lepp.tammy@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 430 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.053 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976KO UT WOS:000306583700030 PM 22684090 ER PT J AU de Guzman, GTN Hapeman, CJ Prabhakara, K Codling, EE Shelton, DR Rice, CP Hively, WD McCarty, GW Lang, MW Torrents, A AF de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino Hapeman, Cathleen J. Prabhakara, Kusuma Codling, Eton E. Shelton, Daniel R. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McCarty, Gregory W. Lang, Megan W. Torrents, Alba TI Potential pollutant sources in a Choptank River (USA) subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Water quality; Nutrients; Arsenic; Poultry production; Land use ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; BROILER LITTER; SOILS; FATE; NUTRIENT; BACTERIA; STREAM; MANURE AB Row-crop and poultry production have been implicated as sources of water pollution along the Choptank River, an estuary and tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study examined the effects of land use, subwatershed characteristics, and climatic conditions on the water quality parameters of a subwatershed in the Choptank River watershed. The catchments within the subwatershed were defined using advanced remotely-sensed data and current geographic information system processing techniques. Water and sediment samples were collected in May-October 2009 and April-June 2010 under mostly baseflow conditions and analyzed for select bacteria, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total arsenic, total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (ortho-P), and particle-phase phosphorus (PP); n=96 for all analytes except for arsenic, n = 136, and for bacteria, n = 89 (aqueous) and 62 (sediment). Detections of Enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations were ubiquitous in this subwatershed and showed no correlation to location or land use, however larger bacterial counts were observed shortly after precipitation. Nitrate-N concentrations were not correlated with agricultural lands, which may reflect the small change in percent agriculture and/or the similarity of agronomic practices and crops produced between catchments. Concentration data suggested that ammonia emission and possible deposition to surface waters occurred and that these processes may be influenced by local agronomic practices and climatic conditions. The negative correlation of PP and arsenic concentrations with percent forest was explained by the stronger signal of the head waters and overland flow of particulate phase analytes versus dissolved phase inputs from groundwater. Service roadways at some poultry production facilities were found to redirect runoff from the facilities to neighboring catchment areas, which affected water quality parameters. Results suggest that in this subwatershed, catchments with poultry production facilities are possible sources for arsenic and PP as compared to catchment areas where these facilities were not present. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Codling, Eton E.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Rice, Clifford P.; McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prabhakara, Kusuma] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Sci Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@umd.edu FU Maryland Water Resources Research Center; USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS FX The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated contributions of the field and technical staff: Peter Downey, Valerie McPhatter, Walter Strake, Carrie Green, and Mebrat Gesese. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Maryland Water Resources Research Center; USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; and USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed). NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 430 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.056 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 976KO UT WOS:000306583700033 ER PT J AU Becker, DA Wood, PB Keyser, PD AF Becker, Douglas A. Wood, Petra Bohall Keyser, Patrick D. TI Canada Warbler use of harvested stands following timber management in the southern portion of their range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canada Warbler; Timber management; Light partial harvest ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; WILSONIA-CANADENSIS; INDUSTRIAL FOREST; REGRESSION TREES; BREEDING BIRDS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEST SUCCESS; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; SONGBIRDS AB We evaluated Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) responses to changes in habitat characteristics (landscape metrics, landcover, and microhabitat features) at multiple spatial scales resulting from timber harvests (clear-cut, heavy partial, and light partial) between 1996 and 2009. Relative abundance of Canada Warblers decreased over time on our West Virginia study area (Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest) and within the Appalachian Bird Conservation Region. Initially, relative abundance was greater closer to roads, but as timber harvests became more common, relative abundance became positively associated with amount of light partial harvests at the local scale. Nest survival was 45.6 +/- 18.3% during 1996-1998 and 24.9 +/- 14.6% during 2007-2009, but did not differ (P = 0.38) between these periods. Areas around nests in 2007-2009 (n = 17) had less intermediate canopy cover and fewer residual trees but more green cover, woody debris, and pole trees than areas around nests in 1996-1998 (n = 10). Successful nests had more low cover, less vertical diversity, more woody debris, more saplings, and greater edge density than failed nests. We found a positive association between relative abundance and all three types of timber harvests and an improvement in habitat through understory development and retention of residual trees. Our research finds preliminary support for use of timber harvests, particularly light partial harvests, as a management tool for Canada Warblers in the southern portion of their range with the need for extended research using treatments and controls to confirm successful management. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Keyser, Patrick D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Becker, DA (reprint author), Kutztown State Univ, Dept Biol, 112 Boehm Sci Ctr, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. EM dbecker@kutztown.edu RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; MeadWestvaco Corporation FX We thank the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement and MeadWestvaco Corporation for funding our research and MeadWestvaco and Penn Virginia for providing housing for researchers and access to their property. We also thank the many field technicians who helped collect and enter data. J.T. Anderson, T.B. Wigley, and M.P. Strager provided helpful comments on this manuscript. Use of tradenames does not imply endorsement by the Federal government. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.018 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800001 ER PT J AU Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS Welty, JL AF Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. Welty, Justin L. TI Pattern and process of prescribed fires influence effectiveness at reducing wildfire severity in dry coniferous forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Burn severity; Differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR); Landscape-context; Mixed conifer forest; NPMR; Idaho ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FUEL TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARLY-SEASON; BLACK-HILLS; USA; VEGETATION; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB We examined the effects of three early season (spring) prescribed fires on burn severity patterns of summer wildfires that occurred 1-3 years post-treatment in a mixed conifer forest in central Idaho. Wildfire and prescribed fire burn severities were estimated as the difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR) using Landsat imagery. We used GIS derived vegetation, topography, and treatment variables to generate models predicting the wildfire burn severity of 1286-5500 30-m pixels within and around treated areas. We found that wildfire severity was significantly lower in treated areas than in untreated areas and significantly lower than the potential wildfire severity of the treated areas had treatments not been implemented. At the pixel level, wildfire severity was best predicted by an interaction between prescribed fire severity, topographic moisture, heat load, and pre-fire vegetation volume. Prescribed fire severity and vegetation volume were the most influential predictors. Prescribed fire severity, and its influence on wildfire severity, was highest in relatively warm and dry locations, which were able to burn under spring conditions. In contrast, wildfire severity peaked in cooler, more mesic locations that dried later in the summer and supported greater vegetation volume. We found considerable evidence that prescribed fires have landscape-level influences within treatment boundaries; most notable was an interaction between distance from the prescribed fire perimeter and distance from treated patch edges, which explained up to 66% of the variation in wildfire severity. Early season prescribed fires may not directly target the locations most at risk of high severity wildfire, but proximity of these areas to treated patches and the discontinuity of fuels following treatment may influence wildfire severity and explain how even low severity treatments can be effective management tools in fire-prone landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.; Welty, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM rarkle@usgs.gov; dpilliod@usgs.gov; jwelty@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU Joint Fire Science Program; USDA Forest Service R1/R4 National Fire Plan; U.S. Geological Survey's Fire Science Program FX Research supported by Joint Fire Science Program, USDA Forest Service R1/R4 National Fire Plan, and U.S. Geological Survey's Fire Science Program. We thank Sam Hescock and the Payette National Forest for conducting prescribed fire treatments and providing background information. Bruce McCune provided code to help streamline NPMR analyses. Doug Shinneman and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 276 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.002 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 964TO UT WOS:000305719800020 ER PT J AU Rosenbauer, RJ Thomas, B Bischoff, JL Palandri, J AF Rosenbauer, Robert J. Thomas, Burt Bischoff, James L. Palandri, James TI Carbon sequestration via reaction with basaltic rocks: Geochemical modeling and experimental results SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; MINERAL CARBONATION; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; CO2-WATER-BASALT INTERACTION; SUPERCRITICAL CO2; DIOXIDE; WATER; TEMPERATURE; SEAWATER; SOLUBILITY AB Basaltic rocks are potential repositories for sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) because of their capacity for trapping CO2 in carbonate minerals. We carried out a series of thermodynamic equilibrium models and high pressure experiments, reacting basalt with CO2-charged fluids over a range of conditions from 50 to 200 degrees C at 300 bar. Results indicate basalt has a high reactivity to CO2 acidified brine. Carbon dioxide is taken up from solution at all temperatures from 50 to 200 degrees C, 300 bar, but the maximum extent and rate of reaction occurs at 100 degrees C, 300 bar. Reaction path simulations utilizing the geochemical modeling program CHILLER predicted an equilibrium carbonate alteration assemblage of calcite, magnesite, and siderite, but the only secondary carbonate identified in the experiments was a ferroan magnesite. The amount of uptake at 100 degrees C, 300 bar ranged from 8% by weight for a typical tholeite to 26% for a picrite. The actual amount of CO2 uptake and extent of rock alteration coincides directly with the magnesium content of the rock suggesting that overall reaction extent is controlled by bulk basalt Mg content. In terms of sequestering CO2, an average basaltic MgO content of 8% is equivalent to 2.6 x 10(8) metric ton CO2/km(3) basalt. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Thomas, Burt; Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Palandri, James] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Rosenbauer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov OI Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 89 BP 116 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.042 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 959SU UT WOS:000305334100008 ER PT J AU Kitchen, JW Johnson, TM Bullen, TD Zhu, JM Raddatz, A AF Kitchen, Jacquelyn W. Johnson, Thomas M. Bullen, Thomas D. Zhu, Jianming Raddatz, Amanda TI Chromium isotope fractionation factors for reduction of Cr(VI) by aqueous Fe(II) and organic molecules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MASS-DEPENDENT FRACTIONATION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; REDOX INTERACTIONS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MOJAVE DESERT; FERROUS IRON; DOUBLE SPIKE; ENVIRONMENTS AB Chromium stable isotope ratios are useful as indicators of Cr redox reactions and Cr sources in both modern and ancient geochemical systems. Correct interpretation of Cr isotope data requires a quantitative understanding of isotopic fractionation by various processes, the most important of which is reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). We determined the magnitude of isotopic fractionation, for the Cr-53/Cr-52 ratio, induced by abiotic, dark reduction of Cr(VI) by aqueous Fe(II) and a few organic substances. The isotopic fractionation for reduction by dissolved Fe(II), expressed as epsilon (approximate to delta Cr-53(product flux) - delta Cr-53(reactant)) is -4.20 +/- 0.11 parts per thousand from pH = 4.0 to 5.3. Lesser fractionation was observed in preliminary experiments with very rapid reaction; we attribute this to transient heterogeneity and diffusive limitation of the reaction as reactants were mixed. This phenomenon is a general problem with batch isotopic fractionation experiments, if significant reaction occurs before mixing of reactants is complete. epsilon = -3.11 +/- 0.11 parts per thousand for reduction by three organic reductants (a humic acid at pH = 4.5 and 5.0, a fulvic acid at pH = 5.0, and mandelic acid catalyzed by goethite or gamma-Al2O3 at pH = 4.0). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kitchen, Jacquelyn W.; Johnson, Thomas M.; Raddatz, Amanda] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zhu, Jianming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. RP Johnson, TM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, MC-102,208 Nat Hist Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tmjohnsn@illinois.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/A-2740-2008 OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0003-1620-1408 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 02-29079, EAR 07-32481, EAR 03-20597] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants EAR 02-29079, EAR 07-32481, and EAR 03-20597. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 89 BP 190 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.049 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 959SU UT WOS:000305334100012 ER PT J AU Chiodini, G Caliro, S Lowenstern, JB Evans, WC Bergfeld, D Tassi, F Tedesco, D AF Chiodini, Giovanni Caliro, Stefano Lowenstern, Jacob B. Evans, William C. Bergfeld, Deborah Tassi, Franco Tedesco, Dario TI Insights from fumarole gas geochemistry on the origin of hydrothermal fluids on the Yellowstone Plateau SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HELIUM ISOTOPE RATIOS; NATIONAL-PARK; NOBLE-GASES; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CAMPI-FLEGREI; GEYSER BASIN; POPPING ROCK; MANTLE; CALDERA AB The chemistry of Yellowstone fumarole gases shows the existence of two component waters, type MC, influenced by the addition of deep mantle fluid, and type CC, influenced by crustal interactions (CC). MC is high in He-3/He-4 (22 Ra) and low in He-4/Ar-40 (similar to 1), reflecting input of deep mantle components. The other water is characterized by He-4 concentrations 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than air-saturated meteoric water (ASW). These high He concentrations originate through circulation in Pleistocene volcanic rocks, as well as outgassing of Tertiary and older (including Archean) basement, some of which could be particularly rich in uranium, a major He-4 source. Consideration of CO2-CH4-CO-H2O-H-2 gas equilibrium reactions indicates equilibration temperatures from 170 degrees C to 310 degrees C. The estimated temperatures highly correlate with noble-gas variations, suggesting that the two waters differ in temperature. Type CC is similar to 170 degrees C whereas the MC is hotter, at 340 degrees C. This result is similar to models proposed by previous studies of thermal water chemistry. However, instead of mixing the deep hot component simply with cold, meteoric waters we argue that addition of a He-4-rich component, equilibrated at temperatures around 170 degrees C, is necessary to explain the range in fumarole gas chemistry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, Stefano] Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Evans, William C.; Bergfeld, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tassi, Franco] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Florence, Italy. [Tedesco, Dario] Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Sci, Naples, Italy. RP Chiodini, G (reprint author), Osserv Vesuviano, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Diocleziano 328, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM giovanni.chiodini@ov.ingv.it RI Tassi, Franco/G-7857-2012; Evans, William/J-4283-2012; Chiodini, Giovanni/A-2744-2013; Chiodini, Giovanni/K-3557-2014; Caliro, Stefano/E-8542-2013; OI Tassi, Franco/0000-0002-3319-4257; Chiodini, Giovanni/0000-0002-0628-8055; Caliro, Stefano/0000-0002-8522-6695; Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU USGS FX We wish to thank three anonymous reviewer and Dmitri Rouwet for their constructive comments to the manuscript. Robert Fournier thoughtfully challenged us to consider how inferences from gas chemistry correspond to water chemistry and isotopes. We thank the INGV laboratories of Palermo for 3He/4He analysis. Funding to JL, WE and DB by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 89 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.051 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 959SU UT WOS:000305334100017 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP Pavolonis, M Sieglaff, J AF Denlinger, Roger P. Pavolonis, Mike Sieglaff, Justin TI A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION AB Ash clouds emanating from volcanic eruption columns often form trails of ash extending thousands of kilometers through the Earth's atmosphere, disrupting air traffic and posing a significant hazard to air travel. To mitigate such hazards, the community charged with reducing flight risk must accurately assess risk of ash ingestion for any flight path and provide robust forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal. In response to this need, a number of different transport models have been developed for this purpose and applied to recent eruptions, providing a means to assess uncertainty in forecasts. Here we provide a framework for optimal forecasts and their uncertainties given any model and any observational data. This involves random sampling of the probability distributions of input (source) parameters to a transport model and iteratively running the model with different inputs, each time assessing the predictions that the model makes about ash dispersal by direct comparison with satellite data. The results of these comparisons are embodied in a likelihood function whose maximum corresponds to the minimum misfit between model output and observations. Bayes theorem is then used to determine a normalized posterior probability distribution and from that a forecast of future uncertainty in ash dispersal. The nature of ash clouds in heterogeneous wind fields creates a strong maximum likelihood estimate in which most of the probability is localized to narrow ranges of model source parameters. This property is used here to accelerate probability assessment, producing a method to rapidly generate a prediction of future ash concentrations and their distribution based upon assimilation of satellite data as well as model and data uncertainties. Applying this method to the recent eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland, we show that the 3 and 6 h forecasts of ash cloud location probability encompassed the location of observed satellite-determined ash cloud loads, providing an efficient means to assess all of the hazards associated with these ash clouds. C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Pavolonis, Mike] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Sieglaff, Justin] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court Bldg 10,Ste 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13208 DI 10.1029/2012JD017732 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UQ UT WOS:000306463300004 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Steensen, T Stuefer, M Grell, G Freitas, S Pavolonis, M AF Webley, P. W. Steensen, T. Stuefer, M. Grell, G. Freitas, S. Pavolonis, M. TI Analyzing the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption using satellite remote sensing, lidar and WRF-Chem dispersion and tracking model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ASH-CLOUD TRANSPORT; VOLCANIC ASH; CRATER PEAK; SOURCE PARAMETERS; MOUNT SPURR; ALASKA; PLUMES; AVHRR; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION AB Volcanic ash forecasting is a critical tool in hazard assessment and operational volcano monitoring. The use of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models allows analysts to determine the future location of ash clouds. In April-May 2010, Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland erupted explosively. Presented here is an evaluation of the volcanic application of the weather research and forecasting in-line chemistry model (WRF-Chem) applied to Eyjafjallajokull. The analysis focuses on the first few days of the explosive events, April 14-19. The model simulations are presented along with multiple satellite and ground based tools to compare and validate the results. The WRF-Chem results showed the ash cloud dispersing toward mainland Europe, with concentrations crossing Europe between 0.5-2.0 mg/m(3), centered at 5 km ASL, +/-1 km. Comparisons with satellite volcanic ash retrievals showed a good agreement and ground-based Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data compared well to the model simulations. The analysis in this manuscript has illustrated the use of WRF-Chem for volcanic eruptions, with the coupled numerical weather simulation and ash forecasting important to understand the local atmospheric conditions as well as the ash cloud distribution. We show that to fully forecast ash concentrations, to the level of mg's per m(3), there is a need for accurate knowledge of the plume height; mass eruption rate; particle size distribution and duration along with a fusion of all data. Then accurate hazard assessments can be performed to limit the impact that dispersing clouds have on the aviation community and population. C1 [Webley, P. W.; Steensen, T.; Stuefer, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, P. W.; Steensen, T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grell, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitas, S.] INPE, Ctr Weather Predict & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pavolonis, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska FX We thank the University of Wisconsin for archived SEVIRI data, Barbara Stunder at Air Resource Laboratories, NOAA, for the HYSPLIT model data and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) grant. Additionally, we thank the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, UAF, for their assistance in providing computing time for the WRF-Chem model simulations. This publication is the results in part of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, who provided useful and detailed comments on the analysis performed and allowed us to construct an improved manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00U26 DI 10.1029/2011JD016817 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UQ UT WOS:000306463300001 ER PT J AU Bunch, TE Hermes, RE Moore, AMT Kennett, DJ Weaver, JC Wittke, JH DeCarli, PS Bischoff, JL Hillman, GC Howard, GA Kimbel, DR Kletetschka, G Lipo, CP Sakai, S Revay, Z West, A Firestone, RB Kennett, JP AF Bunch, Ted E. Hermes, Robert E. Moore, Andrew M. T. Kennett, Douglas J. Weaver, James C. Wittke, James H. DeCarli, Paul S. Bischoff, James L. Hillman, Gordon C. Howard, George A. Kimbel, David R. Kletetschka, Gunther Lipo, Carl P. Sakai, Sachiko Revay, Zsolt West, Allen Firestone, Richard B. Kennett, James P. TI Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE tektite; microcraters; oxygen fugacity; trinitite ID LIBYAN DESERT GLASS; EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT; MURRAY SPRINGS; BLACK MAT; HYPOTHESIS; SPHERULES; TUNGUSKA; EVENTS; MEXICO AB It has been proposed that fragments of an asteroid or comet impacted Earth, deposited silica-and iron-rich microspherules and other proxies across several continents, and triggered the Younger Dryas cooling episode 12,900 years ago. Although many independent groups have confirmed the impact evidence, the hypothesis remains controversial because some groups have failed to do so. We examined sediment sequences from 18 dated Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) sites across three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), spanning 12,000 km around nearly one-third of the planet. All sites display abundant microspherules in the YDB with none or few above and below. In addition, three sites (Abu Hureyra, Syria; Melrose, Pennsylvania; and Blackville, South Carolina) display vesicular, high-temperature, siliceous scoria-like objects, or SLOs, that match the spherules geochemically. We compared YDB objects with melt products from a known cosmic impact (Meteor Crater, Arizona) and from the 1945 Trinity nuclear airburst in Socorro, New Mexico, and found that all of these high-energy events produced material that is geochemically and morphologically comparable, including: (i) high-temperature, rapidly quenched microspherules and SLOs; (ii) corundum, mullite, and suessite (Fe3Si), a rare meteoritic mineral that forms under high temperatures; (iii) melted SiO2 glass, or lechatelierite, with flow textures (or schlieren) that format >2,200 degrees C; and (iv) particles with features indicative of high-energy interparticle collisions. These results are inconsistent with anthropogenic, volcanic, authigenic, and cosmic materials, yet consistent with cosmic ejecta, supporting the hypothesis of extraterrestrial airbursts/impacts 12,900 years ago. The wide geographic distribution of SLOs is consistent with multiple impactors. C1 [Bunch, Ted E.; Wittke, James H.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Moore, Andrew M. T.] Rochester Inst Technol, Coll Liberal Arts, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hermes, Robert E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kennett, Douglas J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Weaver, James C.] Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [DeCarli, Paul S.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hillman, Gordon C.] UCL, Inst Archaeol, London, England. [Howard, George A.] LLC, Raleigh, NC 27604 USA. [Kimbel, David R.] Kimstar Res, Fayetteville, NC 28312 USA. [Kletetschka, Gunther] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, Gunther] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Vvi, Inst Geol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Lipo, Carl P.; Sakai, Sachiko] Calif State Univ Long Beach, IIRMES, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Revay, Zsolt] Tech Univ Munich, Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FR, Munich, Germany. [West, Allen] GeoSci Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327 USA. [Firestone, Richard B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kennett, James P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bunch, TE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM tbear1@cableone.net RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015; OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010; Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US National Science Foundation [9986999, ATM-0713769, OCE-0825322, OCD-0244201, EAR-0609609] FX We thank Malcolm LeCompte, Scott Harris, Yvonne Malinowski, Paula Zitzelberger, and Lawrence Edge for providing crucial samples, data, and other assistance; and Anthony Irving, Richard Grieve, and two anonymous reviewers for useful reviews and comments on this paper. This research was supported in part by US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and US National Science Foundation Grant 9986999 (to R. B. F.); US National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0713769 and OCE-0825322, Marine Geology and Geophysics (to J.P.K.); US National Science Foundation Grant OCD-0244201 (to D.J.K.); and US National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0609609, Geophysics (to G.K.). NR 41 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 75 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 28 BP E1903 EP E1912 DI 10.1073/pnas.1204453109 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977FP UT WOS:000306642100005 PM 22711809 ER PT J AU Johnson, TC Slater, LD Ntarlagiannis, D Day-Lewis, FD Elwaseif, M AF Johnson, T. C. Slater, L. D. Ntarlagiannis, D. Day-Lewis, F. D. Elwaseif, M. TI Monitoring groundwater-surface water interaction using time-series and time-frequency analysis of transient three-dimensional electrical resistivity changes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYPORHEIC ZONE; TOMOGRAPHY; LOCALIZATION; TRANSFORM; DISCHARGE; TRACER AB Time-lapse resistivity imaging is increasingly used to monitor hydrologic processes. Compared to conventional hydrologic measurements, surface time-lapse resistivity provides superior spatial coverage in two or three dimensions, potentially high-resolution information in time, and information in the absence of wells. However, interpretation of time-lapse electrical tomograms is complicated by the ever-increasing size and complexity of long-term, three-dimensional (3-D) time series conductivity data sets. Here we use 3-D surface time-lapse electrical imaging to monitor subsurface electrical conductivity variations associated with stage-driven groundwater-surface water interactions along a stretch of the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300 near Richland, Washington, USA. We reduce the resulting 3-D conductivity time series using both time-series and time-frequency analyses to isolate a paleochannel causing enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions. Correlation analysis on the time-lapse imaging results concisely represents enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions within the paleochannel, and provides information concerning groundwater flow velocities. Time-frequency analysis using the Stockwell (S) transform provides additional information by identifying the stage periodicities driving groundwater-surface water interactions due to upstream dam operations, and identifying segments in time-frequency space when these interactions are most active. These results provide new insight into the distribution and timing of river water intrusion into the Hanford 300 Area, which has a governing influence on the behavior of a uranium plume left over from historical nuclear fuel processing operations. C1 [Johnson, T. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Slater, L. D.; Ntarlagiannis, D.; Elwaseif, M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Day-Lewis, F. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys OGW BG, Storrs, CT USA. RP Johnson, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tj@pnnl.gov OI Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios/0000-0002-5353-372X; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program [DE-AI02-08ER64565]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Environmental Management, U. S. Department of Energy, as part of the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative FX We appreciate helpful reviews provided by Larry Bentley, Adam Pidlisecky, and an anonymous reviewer. This work was funded by the Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, through grant DE-AI02-08ER64565. Additional support was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Time-lapse ERT inversion capabilities leveraged in this research were developed under support from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy, as part of the Hanford 300 Area Integrated Field Research Challenge project, and the Office of Environmental Management, U. S. Department of Energy, as part of the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative. Inverse computations for this research were performed using the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institutional Computing system. The authors gratefully acknowledge field assistance from Kisa Mwakanyamale and Jason Greenwood. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07506 DI 10.1029/2012WR011893 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 974VV UT WOS:000306466400001 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI Paleoseismic interevent times interpreted for an unsegmented earthquake rupture forecast SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA; RECURRENCE; PROBABILITY; ZONES; MODEL AB Forecasters want to consider an increasingly rich variety of earthquake ruptures. Past occurrence is captured in part by paloeseismic observations, which necessarily see three-dimensional ruptures only at a point. This has not been a problem before, because forecasts have assumed that faults are segmented, and that repeated ruptures occur uniformly along them. A technique is now required to calculate paleoearthquake rates at points that may be affected by multiple recurrence processes, and that is consistent with an all-possible-ruptures forecast. Dating uncertainties are addressed by bootstrapping across event time windows, and the resulting distributions are transformed into log space as f(ln(T)) where T is interevent time. This takes advantage of a property of time-dependent recurrence distributions in which their logarithms are normally distributed. Paleoseismic series necessarily have a finite number of observations such that the true long-term mean interevent time (mu) is hard to estimate. However the mode (most frequent value) is easier to identify. Since the mode is equal to the mean of a normal distribution, mu can thus be found at the mode (m) of f(ln(T)) as mu = e(m). The point mu - sigma occurs where 32% of a folded (half) normal distribution is found in the interval between ln(T) = 0 and m. The mu + sigma value is identified by symmetry, which overcomes the difficulty of absent long intervals in the record. Tests are conducted with complex synthetic interevent distributions, and applications to real data from the Hayward and Garlock faults in California are shown. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L13302 DI 10.1029/2012GL052275 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 974UU UT WOS:000306463700003 ER PT J AU Long, JW Plant, NG AF Long, Joseph W. Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A shoreline change model incorporating both long- and short-term evolution is integrated into a data assimilation framework that uses sparse observations to generate an updated forecast of shoreline position and to estimate unobserved geophysical variables and model parameters. Application of the assimilation algorithm provides quantitative statistical estimates of combined model-data forecast uncertainty which is crucial for developing hazard vulnerability assessments, evaluation of prediction skill, and identifying future data collection needs. Significant attention is given to the estimation of four non-observable parameter values and separating two scales of shoreline evolution using only one observable morphological quantity (i.e. shoreline position). Citation: Long, J. W., and N. G. Plant (2012), Extended Kalman Filter framework for forecasting shoreline evolution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L13603, doi:10.1029/2012GL052180. C1 [Long, Joseph W.; Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jwlong@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Mendenhall postdoctoral program at the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Peter Howd for his review of multiple versions of the manuscript and for the constructive comments provided by two additional journal referees. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L13603 DI 10.1029/2012GL052180 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 971WL UT WOS:000306236000002 ER PT J AU Rex, MA Chaytor, JD Stuart, CT AF Rex, Michael A. Chaytor, Jason D. Stuart, Carol T. TI Late Pleistocene Colus stimpsoni (Morch, 1868) (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from a seabed core (2520 m) in the western North Atlantic SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-SIZE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS C1 [Rex, Michael A.; Stuart, Carol T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Chaytor, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rex, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM michael.rex@umb.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 126 IS 2 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 031PX UT WOS:000310655500005 ER PT J AU Spencer, RGM Butler, KD Aiken, GR AF Spencer, Robert G. M. Butler, Kenna D. Aiken, George R. TI Dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter properties of rivers in the USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; MACROPOROUS RESINS; FULVIC-ACID; MERCURY; LAKES; CDOM; SEA; PHOTOREACTIVITY AB Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) parameters were measured over a range of discharge in 30 U. S. rivers, covering a diverse assortment of fluvial ecosystems in terms of watershed size and landscape drained. Relationships between CDOM absorption at a range of wavelengths (a(254), a(350), a(440)) and DOC in the 30 watersheds were found to correlate strongly and positively for the majority of U. S. rivers. However, four rivers (Colorado, Colombia, Rio Grande and St. Lawrence) exhibited statistically weak relationships between CDOM absorption and DOC. These four rivers are atypical, as they either drain from the Great Lakes or experience significant impoundment of water within their watersheds, and they exhibited values for dissolved organic matter (DOM) parameters indicative of autochthonous or anthropogenic sources or photochemically degraded allochthonous DOM and thus a decoupling between CDOM and DOC. CDOM quality parameters in the 30 rivers were found to be strongly correlated to DOM compositional metrics derived via XAD fractionation, highlighting the potential for examining DOM biochemical quality from CDOM measurements. This study establishes the ability to derive DOC concentration from CDOM absorption for the majority of U. S. rivers, describes characteristics of riverine systems where such an approach is not valid, and emphasizes the possibility of examining DOM composition and thus biogeochemical function via CDOM parameters. Therefore, the usefulness of CDOM measurements, both laboratory-based analyses and in situ instrumentation, for improving spatial and temporal resolution of DOC fluxes and DOM dynamics in future studies is considerable in a range of biogeochemical studies. C1 [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Global Rivers Grp, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Butler, Kenna D.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Spencer, RGM (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Global Rivers Grp, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM rspencer@whrc.org FU U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network; U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; NASA [NNX09AU89G]; NSF ETBC [0851101] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many U.S. Geological Survey scientists and field personnel who collected the samples reported on here. This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan), the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/), the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nrp), NASA grant NNX09AU89G and NSF ETBC grant 0851101. The use of brand names in this manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For producing Figure 1, we thank Greg Fiske at the Woods Hole Research Center, and for their helpful comments on the manuscript, we thank two anonymous reviewers, the Associate Editor and the Editor. NR 64 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 9 U2 119 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G03001 DI 10.1029/2011JG001928 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 971SK UT WOS:000306223900002 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, S AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon TI Severe Maxillary Osteomyelitis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; carnassials; Gray Wolf; maxillary osteomyelitis; pressure necrosis; Minnesota ID DENTAL ANOMALIES; WOLVES; MINNESOTA; AGE; L. AB Barber-Meyer, Shannon. 2012. Severe maxillary osteomyelitis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus). Canadian Field-Naturalist 126(3): 238-241. Whereas dental injuries and abnormalities have been documented in Gray Wolves (Canis lupus), severe maxillary necrosis has not previously been implicated in a Gray Wolf fatality. Here I report maxillary osteomyelitis in a wild Gray Wolf from northeastern Minnesota of such severity that I hypothesize it ultimately led to death by starvation. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711-37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM sbarber-meyer@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This study was part of a long-term study supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and directed by L. D. Mech. Bob Peterson and Hans Martin live-trapped Wolf 7188. I thank Richard Hanson (veterinarian consultant, International Wolf Center, and owner/ practitioner, Ely Veterinary Clinic, Minnesota) for examining the skull of Wolf 7188. Reviews by L. David Mech (USGS), Diane K. Boyd (Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks) and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 126 IS 3 BP 238 EP 241 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 082HT UT WOS:000314383600010 ER PT J AU Michael, AJ AF Michael, Andrew J. TI Do Aftershock Probabilities Decay With Time? SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michael, AJ (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Michael, Andrew/0000-0002-2403-5019 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 BP 630 EP 632 DI 10.1785/0220120061 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000311915300001 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Initial Assessment of the Intensity Distribution of the 2011 M-w 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-MOTION; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; REGION; WAVES; PROPAGATION; MAGNITUDES; TOPOGRAPHY; SEISMICITY; LOCATIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 4 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1785/0220110140 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 048MJ UT WOS:000311915300005 ER PT J AU Bowling, AC Martin, J Kitchens, WM AF Bowling, Andrea C. Martin, Julien Kitchens, Wiley M. TI The effect of changes in habitat conditions on the movement of juvenile Snail Kites Rostrhamus sociabilis SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE endangered species; habitat degradation; mark-recapture; maximum likelihood estimation; radiotelemetry ID CONCEPTUAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LAKE-OKEECHOBEE; PROGRAM MARK; DISPERSAL; FLORIDA; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; PROBABILITIES AB The degradation of habitats due to human activities is a major topic of interest for the conservation and management of wild populations. There is growing evidence that the Florida Everglades ecosystem continues to suffer from habitat degradation. After a period of recovery in the 1990s, the Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis population suffered a substantial decline in 2001 and has not recovered since. Habitat degradation has been suggested as one of the primary reasons for this lack of recovery. As a consequence of the continued degradation of the Everglades, we hypothesized that this would have led to increased movement of juvenile Kites over time, as a consequence of the need to find more favourable habitat. We used multistate mark-recapture models to compare between-site movement probabilities of juvenile Snail Kites in the 1990s (1992-95; which corresponds to the period before the decline) and 2000s (2003-06; after the decline). Our analyses were based on an extensive radiotelemetry study (266 birds tracked monthly over the entire state of Florida for a total period of 6 years) and considered factors such as sex and age of marked individuals. There was evidence of increased movement of juvenile Snail Kites during the post-decline period from most of the wetland regions used historically by Kites. Higher movement rates may contribute to an increase in the probability of mortality of young individuals and could contribute to the observed declines. C1 [Bowling, Andrea C.; Martin, Julien; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowling, Andrea C.; Martin, Julien; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bowling, AC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM abowling@msu.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service; St. John's Water Management District FX We thank A. Hotaling, B. Reichert, Z. Welch, C. Cattau and R. Choquet for helpful discussions. R. Bennetts, P. Darby, D. Piotrowicz, S. Musgrave, M. Grice, C. Kleberg, D. Huser, M. Conners, S. Stocco, P. Pouzergues and A. Ayala contributed to data collection. J. Hill and D. Roberts provided administrative and logistical assistance. We thank S. Fabrizio, R. Bowie and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve the manuscript. We thank J. Brush and one anonymous reviewer who gave us valuable comments during the USGS review process. Funding was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, US Fish and Wildlife Service and the St. John's Water Management District. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2012 VL 154 IS 3 BP 554 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01231.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 032SC UT WOS:000310738400013 ER PT J AU Matalas, NC AF Matalas, Nicholas C. TI Comment on the Announced Death of Stationarity SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Matalas, Nicholas C.] US Geol Survey, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. EM nmatalas@verizon.net NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 138 IS 4 BP 311 EP 312 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000215 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 031NZ UT WOS:000310650200001 ER PT J AU Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ Davis, M Rogala, JT AF Zigler, Steven J. Newton, Teresa J. Davis, Mike Rogala, James T. TI Patterns in species richness and assemblage structure of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE river; biodiversity; ecological status; invertebrates; impoundment ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; FISH COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; DAMS; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; DOMINANCE; VARIABLES; UNIONIDS; ALABAMA AB To evaluate patterns in mussel assemblages in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), data from systematic surveys of mussels conducted in three large reaches (Navigation Pools 5, 6, and 18) from 20052007 were analysed. Nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling analyses and permutation tests indicated that assemblages differed among reaches. The mussel assemblage in Pool 18 was substantially different from the assemblage in Pool 5 and moderately different from the assemblage in Pool 6, whereas assemblages in Pools 5 and 6 were similar. Assemblages in broadly defined, flowing aquatic habitats did not substantially differ. The dissimilarity of Pool 18 was primarily the result of Pool 18 having higher abundances of three Quadrula species (Q. quadrula, Q. pustulosa, and Q. nodulata), and lower abundances of Amblema plicata and Fusconaia flava. Rarefaction analyses showed that species richness and species density were higher in Pool 18 compared with the other two pools. Large-scale patterns in mussel assemblages may be related to other longitudinal trends in the system including geomorphology, water quality, and abundances of fish species that serve as hosts for glochidial larvae. The results suggest that management goals and actions in the UMR may need to account for important differences in mussel assemblages that occur among reaches. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Zigler, Steven J.; Newton, Teresa J.; Rogala, James T.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Davis, Mike] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. RP Zigler, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM szigler@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 577 EP 587 DI 10.1002/aqc.2255 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 019CY UT WOS:000309715800004 ER PT J AU Luna, FO Bonde, RK Attademo, FLN Saunders, JW Meigs-Friend, G Passavante, JZO Hunter, ME AF Luna, Fabia O. Bonde, Robert K. Attademo, Fernanda L. N. Saunders, Jonathan W. Meigs-Friend, Gaia Passavante, Jose Zanon O. Hunter, Margaret E. TI Phylogeographic implications for release of critically endangered manatee calves rescued in Northeast Brazil SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE coastal; estuary; mangrove; genetics; endangered species; reintroductions; mammal; urban development; aquaculture ID GENE FLOW; TRICHECHUS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; EXTINCTION; ECOLOGY; WORLD AB The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is a large-bodied marine mammal found in fresh, brackish, and marine habitats throughout the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America. Antillean manatees in Brazil are classified as critically endangered, with a census size of approximately 500 individuals. The population in the Northeast region of Brazil is suspected to have approximately 300 manatees and is threatened by habitat alteration and incidental entanglement in fishing gear. A high incidence of dependent calf strandings have been identified near areas of altered critical manatee habitat. The majority of the calves are neonates, discovered alive, with no potential mothers nearby. These calves typically require human intervention to survive. Since 1989 the calves have been rescued (N=67), rehabilitated, and released (N=25) to supplement the small wild manatee population. The rescued calves, and those born in captivity, are typically, not released to their rescue location, mainly for logistical reasons. Therefore, phylogeographic analyses can help to identify related populations and appropriate release sites. Here, mitochondrial DNA analyses identified low haplotype (h=0.08) and nucleotide (p=0.0026) genetic diversity in three closely related haplotypes. All three haplotypes (M01, M03, and a previously unidentified haplotype, M04) were found in the northern portion of the region, while only a single haplotype (M01) was represented in the south. This suggests the presence of two genetic groups with a central mixing zone. Release of rehabilitated calves to unrelated populations may result in genetic swamping of locally adapted alleles or genotypes, limiting the evolutionary potential of the population. The small population size coupled with low genetic diversity indicates that the Northeast Brazil manatee population is susceptible to inbreeding depression and possible local extinction. Further conservation measures incorporating genetic information could be beneficial to the critically endangered Brazilian manatee population. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bonde, Robert K.; Saunders, Jonathan W.; Meigs-Friend, Gaia; Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. [Luna, Fabia O.; Attademo, Fernanda L. N.] ICMBio MMA, CMA, Ilha De Itamaraca, PE, Brazil. [Luna, Fabia O.; Passavante, Jose Zanon O.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Bonde, Robert K.; Hunter, Margaret E.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Attademo, Fernanda L. N.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Vet Med, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU ICMBio/MMA; US Geological Survey (USGS); Society of Marine Mammology; University of Florida FX The genetic analysis was conducted under the USFWS Wildlife Research Permit MA791721, issued to the USGS, Sirenia Project. Tissue samples were obtained for lab analyses utilizing Brazilian CITES export permits 09BR003661/DF and 10BR005242/DF and USA CITES import permits 08US808447/9 and 10US06625A/9. Funding for this project was provided by the ICMBio/MMA, US Geological Survey (USGS), Society of Marine Mammology and the University of Florida. We would like to thank the Brazil Manatee Project (Projeto Peixe-Boi - CMA/ICMBio) which provided access to genetic samples, logistical support and permission to collaboratively work under their Brazil Biodiversity Institute (ICMBio) and research permits SISBIO-ICMBio 19.204/2009 and 24.473/2010 and the USGS Sirenia Project for providing laboratory facilities to conduct the genetic analysis. The authors would like to thank Alexandre Sanchez, and the REMANE (stranding network of Northeast Brazil, specially Aquasis, UERN and Rebio Atol das Rocas/ICMBio), for their work rescuing and handling the stranded manatees, and also for providing samples for the study. The authors are grateful to Ana Alencar for producing the map. We would like to thank James Reid, USGS, for his assistance with the collaboration. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1002/aqc.2260 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 019CY UT WOS:000309715800011 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA Masek, JG Cohen, WB Loveland, TR Woodcock, CE AF Wulder, Michael A. Masek, Jeffrey G. Cohen, Warren B. Loveland, Thomas R. Woodcock, Curtis E. TI Opening the archive: How free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Archive; Science; Policy; Applications; Monitoring; Mapping ID DATA CONTINUITY MISSION; TIME-SERIES DATA; FOREST DISTURBANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; LANDSCAPE METRICS; THEMATIC MAPPER; WESTERN OREGON; BOREAL FORESTS; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES AB Landsat occupies a unique position in the constellation of civilian earth observation satellites, with a long and rich scientific and applications heritage. With nearly 40 years of continuous observation - since launch of the first satellite in 1972 - the Landsat program has benefited from insightful technical specification, robust engineering, and the necessary infrastructure for data archive and dissemination. Chiefly, the spatial and spectral resolutions have proven of broad utility and have remained largely stable over the life of the program. The foresighted acquisition and maintenance of a global image archive has proven to be of unmatched value, providing a window into the past and fueling the monitoring and modeling of global land cover and ecological change. In this paper we discuss the evolution of the Landsat program as a global monitoring mission, highlighting in particular the recent change to an open (free) data policy. The new data policy is revolutionizing the use of Landsat data, spurring the creation of robust standard products and new science and applications approaches. Open data access also promotes increased international collaboration to meet the Earth observing needs of the 21st century. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mwulder@nrcan.gc.ca RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Trivedi, Kruti/E-7558-2015; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016 OI Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896 NR 80 TC 203 Z9 207 U1 10 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600002 ER PT J AU Irons, JR Dwyer, JL Barsi, JA AF Irons, James R. Dwyer, John L. Barsi, Julia A. TI The next Landsat satellite: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat Data Continuity Mission; Operational Land Imager; Thermal Infrared Sensor; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Goddard Space Flight Center; United States Geological Survey; Earth Resources Science and Observation Center AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Interior United States Geological Survey (USGS) are developing the successor mission to Landsat 7 that is currently known as the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). NASA is responsible for building and launching the LDCM satellite observatory. USGS is building the ground system and will assume responsibility for satellite operations and for collecting, archiving, and distributing data following launch. The observatory will consist of a spacecraft in low-Earth orbit with a two-sensor payload. One sensor, the Operational Land Imager (OLI), will collect image data for nine shortwave spectral bands over a 185 km swath with a 30 m spatial resolution for all bands except a 15 m panchromatic band. The other instrument, the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), will collect image data for two thermal bands with a 100 m resolution over a 185 km swath. Both sensors offer technical advancements over earlier Landsat instruments. OLI and TIRS will coincidently collect data and the observatory will transmit the data to the ground system where it will be archived, processed to Level 1 data products containing well calibrated and co-registered OLI and TIRS data, and made available for free distribution to the general public. The LDCM development is on schedule for a December 2012 launch. The USGS intends to rename the satellite "Landsat 8" following launch. By either name a successful mission will fulfill a mandate for Landsat data continuity. The mission will extend the almost 40-year Landsat data archive with images sufficiently consistent with data from the earlier missions to allow long-term studies of regional and global land cover change. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Irons, James R.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dwyer, John L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Barsi, Julia A.] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Irons, JR (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM james.r.irons@nasa.gov; dwyer@usgs.gov; julia.a.barsi@nasa.gov OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 14 TC 211 Z9 223 U1 8 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.026 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600003 ER PT J AU Loveland, TR Dwyer, JL AF Loveland, Thomas R. Dwyer, John L. TI Landsat: Building a strong future SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Remote sensing; Earth observation; Land imaging future; Climate data records ID FOREST DISTURBANCE; PROGRAM AB Conceived in the 1960s. the Landsat program has experienced six successful missions that have contributed to an unprecedented 39-year record of Earth Observations that capture global land conditions and dynamics. Incremental improvements in imaging capabilities continue to improve the quality of Landsat science data, while ensuring continuity over the full instrument record. Landsats 5 and 7 are still collecting imagery. The planned launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission in December 2012 potentially extends the Landsat record to nearly 50 years. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat archive contains nearly three million Landsat images. All USGS Landsat data are available at no cost via the Internet. The USGS is committed to improving the content of the historical Landsat archive though the consolidation of Landsat data held in international archives. In addition, the USGS is working on a strategy to develop higher-level Landsat geo- and biophysical datasets. Finally, Federal efforts are underway to transition Landsat into a sustained operational program within the Department of the Interior and to authorize the development of the next two satellites - Landsats 9 and 10. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Loveland, Thomas R.; Dwyer, John L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Loveland, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM loveland@usgs.gov; dwyer@usgs.gov OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 17 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600004 ER PT J AU Hansen, MC Loveland, TR AF Hansen, Matthew C. Loveland, Thomas R. TI A review of large area monitoring of land cover change using Landsat data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Change detection; Monitoring; Large Area; Landsat data; Land cover ID FOREST COVER; AMAZON REGION; IMAGERY; MODIS; CONTINUITY; SENSORS; ETM+; TM AB Landsat data constitute the longest record of global-scale medium spatial resolution earth observation data. As a result, the current methods for large area monitoring of land cover change using medium spatial resolution imagery (10-50 m) typically employ Landsat data. Most large area products quantify forest cover change. Forests are a comparatively easy cover type to map as well as a current focus of environmental monitoring concerning the global carbon cycle and biodiversity loss. Among existing change products, supervised or knowledge-based characterization methods predominate. Radiometric correction methods vary significantly, largely as a function of geographic/algorithmic scale. For instance, products created by mosaicking per scene characterizations do not require radiometric normalization. On the other hand, methods that employ a single index or classification model over an entire study area do require radiometric normalization. Temporal updating of cover change varies between existing products as a function of regional acquisition frequency, cloud cover and seasonality. With the Landsat archive opened for free access to terrain-corrected data, future product generation will be more data intensive. Per scene, interactive analyses will no longer be viable. Coupling free and open access to large data volumes with improved processing power will result in automated image pre-processing and land cover characterization methods. Such methods will need to leverage high-performance computing capabilities in advancing the land cover monitoring discipline. Robust validation efforts will be required to quantify product accuracies in determining the optimal change characterization methodologies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Matthew C.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Hansen, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mhansen@umd.edu NR 58 TC 181 Z9 190 U1 38 U2 298 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.024 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600008 ER PT J AU Vogelmann, JE Xian, G Homer, C Tolk, B AF Vogelmann, James E. Xian, George Homer, Collin Tolk, Brian TI Monitoring gradual ecosystem change using Landsat time series analyses: Case studies in selected forest and rangeland ecosystems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat time series; Ecosystem trends; Forest decline; Forest expansion; Sagebrush loss ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; COVER DATABASE; MULTITEMPORAL LANDSAT; SATELLITE IMAGERY; DETECTING TRENDS; WHITE MOUNTAINS; GLOBAL-CHANGE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SOUTH-DAKOTA AB The focus of the study was to assess gradual changes occurring throughout a range of natural ecosystems using decadal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) time series data. Time series data stacks were generated for four study areas: (1) a four scene area dominated by forest and rangeland ecosystems in the southwestern United States, (2) a sagebrush-dominated rangeland in Wyoming, (3) woodland adjacent to prairie in northwestern Nebraska, and (4) a forested area in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Through analyses of time series data, we found evidence of gradual systematic change in many of the natural vegetation communities in all four areas. Many of the conifer forests in the southwestern US are showing declines related to insects and drought, but very few are showing evidence of improving conditions or increased greenness. Sagebrush communities are showing decreases in greenness related to fire, mining, and probably drought, but very few of these communities are showing evidence of increased greenness or improving conditions. In Nebraska, forest communities are showing local expansion and increased canopy densification in the prairie-woodland interface, and in the White Mountains high elevation understory conifers are showing range increases towards lower elevations. The trends detected are not obvious through casual inspection of the Landsat images. Analyses of time series data using many scenes and covering multiple years are required in order to develop better impressions and representations of the changing ecosystem patterns and trends that are occurring. The approach described in this paper demonstrates that Landsat time series data can be used operationally for assessing gradual ecosystem change across large areas. Local knowledge and available ancillary data are required in order to fully understand the nature of these trends. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Homer, Collin] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Xian, George] ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Tolk, Brian] SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM vogel@usgs.gov OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU USGS Landsat Science Team FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the USGS Landsat Science Team. We would also like to thank personnel of the Department of the Interior, Office of Wildland Fire Coordination, U.S. Forest Service Office of Fire and Aviation Management, and Science and Application Branch of the Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science. We would like to thank Lei Ji for the developing the IMAGINE linear regression model, and Terry Sohl and Chris Barnes for reviews of early drafts of the manuscript. We also thank the four anonymous reviewers of the manuscript for their many excellent comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 122 SI SI BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 004KM UT WOS:000308680600010 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM AF Rubin, David M. TI A unifying model for planform straightness of ripples and dunes in air and water SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Ripples; Dunes; Bedforms; Geomorphology ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; LONGITUDINAL DUNES; FLUME EXPERIMENTS; SAND RIPPLES; LINEAR DUNES; DYNAMICS; SHAPE; BAY; TRANSVERSE AB Geologists, physicists, and mathematicians have studied ripples and dunes for more than a century, but despite considerable effort, no general model has been proposed to explain perhaps the most fundamental property of their morphology: why are some bedforms straight, continuous, parallel, and uniform in planform geometry (i.e. two-dimensional) whereas others are irregular (three-dimensional)? Here we argue that physical coupling along the crest of a bedform is required to produce straight crests and that along-crest flow and sand transport provide effective physical mechanisms for that coupling. Ripples and dunes with the straightest and most continuous crests include longitudinal and oblique dunes in unidirectional flows, wave ripples, dunes in reversing flows, wind ripples, and ripples migrating along a slope. At first glance, these bedforms appear quite different (ripples and dunes: air and water; transverse, oblique, and longitudinal orientations relative to the net sand-transport direction), but they all have one property in common: a process that increases the amount of along-crest sand transport (that lengthens and straightens their crests) relative to the across-crest transport (that makes them migrate and take the more typical and more three-dimensional planform geometry). In unidirectional flows that produce straight bedforms, along-crest transport of sand is caused by along-crest flow (non-transverse bedform orientation), gravitational transport along an inclined crest, or ballistic splash in air. Bedforms in reversing flows tend to be straighter than their unidirectional counterparts, because reverse transport across the bedform crest reduces the net across-crest transport (that causes the more typical irregular geometry) relative to the along-crest transport (that smoothes and straightens planform geometry). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM drubin@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.010 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 998YO UT WOS:000308276500005 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Rodriguez, CM Johnson, CJ AF Bennett, James P. Rodriguez, Cynthia M. Johnson, Christopher J. TI Prion protein degradation by lichens of the genus Cladonia SO LICHENOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE serine protease; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID AGENTS AB It has recently been discovered that lichens contain a serine protease capable of degrading the pathogenic prion protein, the etiological agent of prion diseases such as sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease. Limited methods are available to degrade or inactivate prion disease agents, especially in the environment, and lichens or their serine protease could prove important for management of these diseases. Scant information is available regarding the presence or absence of the protease responsible for degrading prion protein (PrP) in lichen species and, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that PrP degradation activity in lichens is phylogenetically-based by testing 44 species of Cladonia lichens, a genus for which a significant portion of the phylogeny is well established. We categorized PrP degradation activity among the 44 species (high, moderate, low or none) and found that activity in Cladonia species did not correspond with phylogenetic position of the species. Degradation of PrP did correspond, however, with three classical taxonomic characters within the genus: species with brown apothecia, no usnic acid, and the presence of a cortex. Of the 44 species studied, 18 (41%) had either high or moderate PrP degradation activity, suggesting the protease may be frequent in this genus of lichens. C1 [Bennett, James P.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.; Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA. [Rodriguez, Cynthia M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM jpbennet@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU US Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. We thank Dr T. Nash (University of Wisconsin-Madison) for the gift of Cladonia jaliscana and Dr Michele Piercey-Normore (University of Manitoba) for her valuable comments. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr James Lawrey for their reviews and editing. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0024-2829 J9 LICHENOLOGIST JI Lichenologist PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 4 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1017/S0024282912000102 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA 985BP UT WOS:000307238600011 ER PT J AU Healy, RW Essaid, HI AF Healy, R. W. Essaid, H. I. TI VS2DI: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Heat; Heat and mass transfer; Model calibration; Simulation models; Solute; Water balance; Water pollution ID UNSATURATED-ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; HEAT-TRANSPORT; TIME-SERIES; WATER; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; INFILTRATION AB VS2DI is a software package for simulating water, solute, and heat transport through soils or other porous media under conditions of variable saturation. The package contains a graphical preprocessor for constructing simulations, a postprocessor for displaying simulation results, and numerical models that solve for flow and solute transport (VS2DT) and flow and heat transport (VS2DH). Flow is described by the Richards equation, and solute and heat transport are described by advection-dispers ion equations; the finite-difference method is used to solve these equations. Problems can be simulated in one, two, or three (assuming radial symmetry) dimensions. This article provides an overview of calibration techniques that have been used with VS2DI; included is a detailed description of calibration procedures used in simulating the interaction between groundwater and a stream fed by drainage from agricultural fields in central Indiana. Brief descriptions of VS2DI and the various types of problems that have been addressed with the software package are also presented C1 [Healy, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Essaid, H. I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 413,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rwhealy@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1260 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900012 ER PT J AU Ma, L Ahuja, LR Nolan, BT Malone, RW Trout, TJ Qi, Z AF Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. Nolan, B. T. Malone, R. W. Trout, T. J. Qi, Z. TI ROOT ZONE WATER QUALITY MODEL (RZWQM2): MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrological modeling; Modeling; Model validation; Plant growth; RZWQM; Soil water movement ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; LONG-TERM; TILE-DRAINAGE; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; ATRAZINE TRANSPORT; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AB The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by component with one or more datasets and validating the model with independent datasets. Users should consult the RZWQM2 user manual distributed along with the model and a more detailed protocol on how to calibrate RZWQM2 provided in a book chapter Two case studies (or examples) are included in this article. One is from an irrigated maize study in Colorado to illustrate the use of field and laboratory measured soil hydraulic properties on simulated soil water and crop production. It also demonstrates the interaction between soil and plant parameters in simulated plant responses to water stresses. The other is from a maize-soybean rotation study in Iowa to show a manual calibration of the model for crop yield, soil water, and N leaching in tile-drained soils. Although the commonly used trial-and-error calibration method works well for experienced users, as shown in the second example, an automated calibration procedure is more objective, as shown in the first example. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Parameter Estimation Software (PEST) into RZWQM2 made the calibration of the model more efficient than a grid (ordered) search of model parameters. In addition, PEST provides sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that should help users in selecting the right parameters to calibrate. C1 [Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.; Qi, Z.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Trout, T. J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 111 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1446 PG 22 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900025 ER PT J AU Zheng, C Hill, MC Cao, G Ma, R AF Zheng, C. Hill, M. C. Cao, G. Ma, R. TI MT3DMS: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Contaminant transport modeling; Groundwater age simulation; Groundwater contamination; Groundwater modeling; Groundwater remediation; MODFLOW; MT3DMS ID GROUND-WATER MODELS; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; VIRUS TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATION; FLOW; SYSTEM AB MT3DMS is a three-dimensional multi-species solute transport model for solving advection, dispersion, and chemical reactions of contaminants in saturated groundwater flow systems. MT3DMS interfaces directly with the US. Geological Survey finite-difference groundwater flow model MODFLOW for the flow solution and supports the hydrologic and discretization features of MODFLOW. MT3DMS contains multiple transport solution techniques in one code, which can often be important, including in model calibration. Since its first release in 1990 as MT3D for single-species mass transport modeling, MT3DMS has been widely used in research projects and practical field applications. This article provides a brief introduction to MT3DMS and presents recommendations about calibration and validation procedures for field applications of MT3DMS. The examples presented suggest the need to consider alternative processes as models are calibrated and suggest opportunities and difficulties associated with using groundwater age in transport model calibration. C1 [Zheng, C.] Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Zheng, C.] Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hill, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Cao, G.] Peking Univ, Ctr Water Res, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ma, R.] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, C (reprint author), Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM czheng@ua.edu RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 FU China Geological Survey [1212011121174]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41140017] FX The senior author is supported by grants from the China Geological Survey (No. 1212011121174) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41140017). NR 63 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1549 EP 1559 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900032 ER PT J AU Goodrich, DC Burns, IS Unkrich, CL Semmens, DJ Guertin, DP Hernandez, M Yatheendradas, S Kennedy, JR Levick, LR AF Goodrich, D. C. Burns, I. S. Unkrich, C. L. Semmens, D. J. Guertin, D. P. Hernandez, M. Yatheendradas, S. Kennedy, J. R. Levick, L. R. TI KINEROS2/AGWA: MODEL USE, CALIBRATION, AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Distributed watershed model; Erosion; Kinematic wave; KINEROS; Rainfall-runoff Sediment ID MOUNTAINOUS NORTHERN VIETNAM; TERRAIN-BASED MODEL; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; HYDROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; OVERLAND-FLOW; LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION; INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; EROSION MODEL; RUNOFF MODEL AB KINEROS (KINematic runoff and EROSion) originated in the 1960s as a distributed event-bused model that conceptualizes a watershed as a cascade of overland flow model elements that flow into trapezoidal channel model elements. KINEROS was one of the first widely available watershed models that interactively coupled a finite difference approximation of the kinematic overland flow equations to a physically based infiltration model. Development and improvement of KINEROS continued from the 1960s on a variety of projects for a range of purposes, which has resulted in a suite of KINEROS-based modeling tools. This article focuses on KINEROS2 (K2), a spatially distributed, event-based watershed rainfall-runoff and erosion model, and the companion ArcGIS-based Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool. AGWA automates the time-consuming tasks of watershed delineation into distributed model elements and initial parameterization of these elements using commonly available, national GIS data layers. A variety of approaches have been used to calibrate and validate K2 successfully across a relatively broad range of applications (e.g., urbanization, pre- and post-fire, hillslope erosion, erosion from roads, runoff and recharge, and manure transport). The case studies presented in this article (1) compare lumped to stepwise calibration and validation of runoff and sediment at plot, hillslope, and small watershed scales; and (2) demonstrate an uncalibrated application to address relative change in watershed response to wildfire. C1 [Goodrich, D. C.; Burns, I. S.; Unkrich, C. L.; Hernandez, M.; Levick, L. R.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Semmens, D. J.; Kennedy, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Guertin, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Sch & Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Yatheendradas, S.] NASA Goddard Hydrol Sci Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Yatheendradas, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Goodrich, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Dave.goodrich@ars.usda.gov RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 73 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1561 EP 1574 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 010JE UT WOS:000309089900033 ER PT J AU Dosseto, A Buss, HL Suresh, PO AF Dosseto, Anthony Buss, Heather L. Suresh, P. O. TI Rapid regolith formation over volcanic bedrock and implications for landscape evolution SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE soil; weathering; isotope geochemistry; uranium-series disequilibrium; Puerto Rico ID URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPES; ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; WEATHERING PROFILES; U-SERIES; PUERTO-RICO; U-238-U-234-TH-230 DISEQUILIBRIA; PREFERENTIAL SOLUTION; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; SOIL PRODUCTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The ability to quantify how fast weathering profiles develop is crucial to assessing soil resource depletion and quantifying how landscapes evolve over millennia. Uranium-series isotopes can be used to determine the age of the weathering front throughout a profile and to infer estimates of regolith production rates, because the abundance of U-series isotopes in a weathering profile is a function of chemical weathering and time. This technique is applied to a weathering profile in Puerto Rico developed over a volcaniclastic bedrock. U-series isotope compositions are modelled, revealing that it takes 40-60 kyr to develop an 18 m-thick profile. This is used to estimate an average regolith production rate of 334 +/- 46 mm/kyr. This value is higher by a factor of up to 30 when compared to production rates estimated for weathering profiles developed over granitic or shale lithologies. This quantitatively underpins the lithological control on rates of regolith production (in a neighbouring watershed but over a granitic bedrock, production rates are only similar to 30-40 mm/kyr). Moreover, by comparing these results to a compilation of soil erosion rates, it is clear that landscapes are controlled by the balance (or imbalance) between regolith production and erosion: soil-mantled landscapes are the result of a relative balance between production and erosion, whereas in cratonic areas, thicker weathering profiles are generated because erosion fails to match regolith production rates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dosseto, Anthony] Univ Wollongong, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Suresh, P. O.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Buss, Heather L.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Dosseto, A (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. EM tonyd@uow.edu.au RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; OI Dosseto, Anthony/0000-0002-3575-0106 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship [FT0990447]; USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project; NSF-Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory; Macquarie University Research Scholarship; ARC [FT0990447]; ARC Discovery Grant [DP1093708] FX We would like to thank Sue Brantley, Arjun Heimsath, Lin Ma and Doug Burbank for useful discussions. We would also like to thank the editor, Gideon Henderson, and the reviewers (Francois Chabaux and two anonymous reviewers) for their comments which greatly improved the manuscript. Dosseto acknowledges an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship FT0990447. Buss acknowledges support from the USGS Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) project and the NSF-Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory. Suresh acknowledges a Macquarie University Research Scholarship. This work was funded by an ARC Future Fellowship Grant FT0990447 and an ARC Discovery Grant DP1093708. NR 51 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 337 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.008 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 987QI UT WOS:000307431800006 ER PT J AU Valiela, I Camilli, L Stone, T Giblin, A Crusius, J Fox, S Barth-Jensen, C Monteiro, RO Tucker, J Martinetto, P Harris, C AF Valiela, Ivan Camilli, Luis Stone, Thomas Giblin, Anne Crusius, John Fox, Sophia Barth-Jensen, Coralie Monteiro, Rita Oliveira Tucker, Jane Martinetto, Paulina Harris, Carolynn TI Increased rainfall remarkably freshens estuarine and coastal waters on the Pacific coast of Panama: Magnitude and likely effects on upwelling and nutrient supply SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE upwelling; La Nina; nutrients; precipitation; mangroves; estuaries; Eastern Tropical Pacific ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; AMAZON; OCEANS; TRENDS; RISK AB Increased intensity of rainfall events during late 2010 led to a remarkable freshening of estuarine, near- and off-shore waters in coastal Pacific Panama. The increased rain intensity during the wet season of 2010 lowered salinity of estuarine and coastal waters to levels unprecedented in previous years. Fresher conditions were most marked within estuaries, but even at 6 km from shore, salinities were 8-13% lower during the 2010 wet season, compared to a lowering of up to 2 parts per thousand during previous wet seasons. Freshwater added to surface waters by rain had major biological, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical consequences, increasing stream erosion, uprooting stream-edge terrestrial and mangrove trees, increasing mortality of benthic fauna, damping upwelling of denser, nutrient-rich water that was expected given the contemporaneous most intense La Nina in decades, as well as by enriching surface seawater by direct deposition and by horizontal advection of nutrients from land. It appears that wet season rainfall is slowly increasing in the region, and if the level of rainfall reported here is a harbinger of future climate change effects on land-sea couplings in tropical coastal ecosystems, the resulting freshening could significantly shift biogeochemistry and coastal food webs in the region and elsewhere. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valiela, Ivan; Giblin, Anne; Barth-Jensen, Coralie; Monteiro, Rita Oliveira; Tucker, Jane; Harris, Carolynn] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Camilli, Luis] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stone, Thomas] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Crusius, John] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fox, Sophia] Natl Pk Serv, Wellfleet, MA 02667 USA. [Martinetto, Paulina] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Valiela, I (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ivaliela@mbl.edu OI Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178 FU NSF [DEB-0842413] FX This work was funded by NSF grant DEB-0842413; we thank NSF Ecosystems Program officers for rapid supplementary support that made it possible for us to travel at short notice to Panama to carry out the sampling reported here. We would not have been able to carry out the field work without the availability of the excellent resources of the Liquid Jungle Laboratory built by Jean Pigozzi, and we are much indebted to the LJL staff for providing excellent support and facilities for our work. We thank Laurence Madin and the Ocean Life Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for initial support and throughout the work. The support of the Woods Hole Consortium was instrumental to facilitating work by our inter-institutional research team. Sarah Wilkins, Sandy Baldwin, Jim Brennan, Katiuska Hernandez, Richard McHorney, Sam Kelsey, Jesus Pascual, Ned Mueller, and Jason Bissonette helped carry out the demanding field work involved in the project. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUL PY 2012 VL 92-93 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.006 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 982GM UT WOS:000307031000013 ER PT J AU Anderson, L AF Anderson, Lesleigh TI Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE snowpack; paleoclimate; calcite; oxygen; isotopes; alpine; lakes; Colorado ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; LAKE SEDIMENT RECORD; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION REGIME; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PROXY DATA; NINO-LIKE AB Over the period of instrumental records, precipitation maximum in the headwaters of the Colorado Rocky Mountains has been dominated by winter snow, with a substantial degree of interannual variability linked to Pacific ocean-atmosphere dynamics. High-elevation snowpack is an important water storage that is carefully observed in order to meet increasing water demands in the greater semi-arid region. The purpose here is to consider Rocky Mountain water trends during the Holocene when known changes in earth's energy balance were caused by precession-driven insolation variability. Changes in solar insolation are thought to have influenced the variability and intensity of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North American Monsoon and the seasonal precipitation balance between rain and snow at upper elevations. Holocene records are presented from two high elevation lakes located in northwest Colorado that document decade-to-century scale precipitation seasonality for the past similar to 7000 years. Comparisons with sub-tropical records of ENSO indicate that the snowfall-dominated precipitation maxima developed similar to 3000 and 4000 years ago, coincident with evidence for enhanced ENSO/PDO dynamics. During the early-to-mid Holocene the records suggest a more monsoon affected precipitation regime with reduced snowpack, more rainfall, and net moisture deficits that were more severe than recent droughts. The Holocene perspective of precipitation indicates a far broader range of variability than that of the past century and highlights the non-linear character of hydroclimate in the U.S. west. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov FU The USGS Climate and Land Use Program FX The USGS Climate and Land Use Program supported this research. The author appreciates substantive reviews by Robert Thompson, John Barron, Max Berkelhammer, and two anonymous reviewers who helped to significantly improve the manuscript. Chris Eastoe and David Dettman of the University of Arizona Stable Isotope Laboratory provided isotope analyses of sediment calcite and water. Jack McGeehan of the USGS Radiocarbon Laboratory and Scott Lehman and Chad Wolack of the University of Colorado Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research provided graphitization and AMS 14C ages. Erik Brown of the University of Minnesota Large Lakes Observatory and La Core provided scanning XRF analyses. USGS laboratory and field assistance provided by Alisa Mast, Heather Lowers, Carol Ann Chapman, Darren Van Sistine, Jeff Honke, and Gary Skipp. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, NR 89 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUL PY 2012 VL 92-93 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 982GM UT WOS:000307031000019 ER PT J AU Hagerty, JJ Gaither, TA McHone, JF AF Hagerty, J. J. Gaither, T. A. McHone, J. F. TI CHARACTERIZING IMPACT EJECTA DEPOSITS AT BARRINGER (METEOR) CRATER, ARIZONA. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 12-17, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Meteorit Soc, Australian Natl Univ, Australian Sci Instruments, Barringer Crater Co, Cameca, Australian Govt, Dept Ind, Innovat Sci, Res & Tertiary Educ, IMCA, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, Planetary Studies Fdn, ThermoFisher Sci C1 [Hagerty, J. J.; Gaither, T. A.; McHone, J. F.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jhagerty@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP A168 EP A168 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 987AV UT WOS:000307389700135 ER PT J AU McHone, JF Shoemaker, C Killgore, M Killgore, K AF McHone, J. F. Shoemaker, C. Killgore, M. Killgore, K. TI SHATTER CONES IN METEORITES. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 12-17, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Meteorit Soc, Australian Natl Univ, Australian Sci Instruments, Barringer Crater Co, Cameca, Australian Govt, Dept Ind, Innovat Sci, Res & Tertiary Educ, IMCA, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, Planetary Studies Fdn, ThermoFisher Sci C1 [McHone, J. F.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Shoemaker, C.] USGS Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Killgore, M.; Killgore, K.] Univ Arizona, SW Meteorite Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. EM jmchone@hotmail.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP A265 EP A265 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 987AV UT WOS:000307389700232 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Douglas, DC Wilson, HM McCloskey, SE AF Petersen, Margaret R. Douglas, David C. Wilson, Heather M. McCloskey, Sarah E. TI EFFECTS OF SEA ICE ON WINTER SITE FIDELITY OF PACIFIC COMMON EIDERS (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA V-NIGRUM) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Common Eider; home range; satellite telemetry; sea ice; Somateria mollissima; winter site fidelity ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; CANADA GEESE; BAFFIN-BAY; GREENLAND; MORTALITY; SELECTION; MOVEMENT; ALASKA; EXTENT AB In northern marine habitats, the presence or absence of sea ice results in variability in the distribution of many species and the quality and availability of pelagic winter habitat. To understand the effects of ice on intra- and inter-annual winter site fidelity and movements in a northern sea-duck species, we marked 25 adult Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) on their nesting area at Cape Espenberg, Alaska, with satellite transmitters and monitored their movements to their wintering areas in the northern Bering Sea for a 2-year period. We examined changes in winter fidelity in relation to home-range characteristics and ice. Characteristics of polynyas (areas with persistent open water during winter) varied substantially and likely had an effect on the size of winter ranges and movements within polynyas. Movements within polynyas were correlated with changes in weather that affected ice conditions. Ninety-five percent of individuals were found within their 95% utilization distribution (UD) of the previous year, and 90% were found within their 50% UD. Spatial distributions of winter locations between years changed for 32% of the individuals; however, we do not consider these subtle movements biologically significant. Although ice conditions varied between polynyas within and between years, the Common Eiders monitored in our study showed a high degree of fidelity to their winter areas. This observation is counterintuitive, given the requirement that resources are predictable for site fidelity to occur; however, ice may not have been severe enough to restrict access to other resources and, subsequently, force birds to move. Received 18 November 2011, accepted 17 April 2012. C1 [Petersen, Margaret R.; McCloskey, Sarah E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Wilson, Heather M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mrpetersen@usgs.gov FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; USFWS; MBM, USFWS, Anchorage; USGS, ASC FX We thank D. Derksen of the USGS, ASC, Anchorage; and B. Leedy and R. Oates of Migratory Bird Management (MBM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Anchorage, for their continued support. M. Sexson, A. Johnson, T. Bowman, J. and C. Steffen, and "Otter" provided invaluable assistance in the field. Logistic support was provided by the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge; we particularly thank T. Moran for her support in Kotzebue. Pilots B. Maxson and E. Sieh provided logistic support. Veterinary services were provided by C. Brown, DVM, and J. Luebbert. Funding for this project was provided by the Sea Duck Joint Venture; USFWS Avian Influenza monitoring project; MBM, USFWS, Anchorage; and the USGS, ASC, Anchorage. P. Flint, A. Powell, S. Boyd, C. Handel and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The National Ice Center website is at www.natice.noaa.gov/products/weekly_products. html. The North American Regional Reanalysis is available at www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11256 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987PM UT WOS:000307429600004 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Murphy, RK Stewart, AC Stout, WE Driscoll, TG Bozek, MA Sloss, BL Talbot, SL AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Rosenfield, Robert N. Bielefeldt, John Murphy, Robert K. Stewart, Andrew C. Stout, William E. Driscoll, Timothy G. Bozek, Michael A. Sloss, Brian L. Talbot, Sandra L. TI GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE AMONG COOPER'S HAWK (ACCIPITER COOPERII) POPULATIONS BREEDING IN NORTH-CENTRAL AND WESTERN NORTH AMERICA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE gene flow; morphological divergence; population genetic structure; P-ST/F-ST comparison ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; CROSS-AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MIGRATION RATES; DNA MARKERS; ICE-SHEET AB Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) populations breeding in the northern portion of the species' range exhibit variation in morphological traits that conforms to predictions based on differences in prey size, tree stand density, and migratory behavior. We examined genetic structure and gene flow and compared divergence at morphological traits (P-ST) and genetic markers (F-ST) to elucidate mechanisms (selection or genetic drift) that promote morphological diversification among Cooper's Hawk populations. Cooper's Hawks appear to conform to the genetic pattern of an east west divide. Populations in British Columbia are genetically differentiated from north-central populations (Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota; pairwise microsatellite F-ST = 0.031-0.050; mitochondrial DNA Phi(ST) = 0.177-0.204), which suggests that Cooper's Hawks were restricted to at least two Pleistocene glacial refugia. The strength of the Rocky Mountains Great Plains area as a barrier to dispersal is further supported by restricted gene-flow rates between British Columbia and other sampled breeding populations. Divergence in morphological traits (P-ST) was also observed across study areas, but with British Columbia and North Dakota differentiated from Wisconsin and Minnesota, a pattern not predicted on the basis of F-ST and Phi(ST). interpopulation estimates. Comparison of P-ST and F-ST estimates suggests that heterogeneous selection may be acting on Cooper's Hawks in the northern portion of their distribution, which is consistent with hypotheses that variation in prey mass and migratory behavior among populations may be influencing overall body size and wing chord. We were unable to distinguish between the effects of genetic drift and selection on tail length in the study populations. Received 26 July 2011, accepted 20 March 2012. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rosenfield, Robert N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Murphy, Robert K.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Driscoll, Timothy G.] Urban Raptor Res Project, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Bozek, Michael A.; Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU Alaska Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Province of British Columbia; University of Wisconsin Stevens Point; University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster [P20RR016466] FX Funding was provided by the Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Province of British Columbia, and the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point. Technological support was provided by S. Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). We thank T. L. Booms, L. J. Rosenfield, and all the technicians and volunteers associated with the project over the years, as well as G. K. Sage, USGS, for laboratory assistance. The manuscript was improved by comments from R. E. Wilson (University of Alaska Fairbanks), J. Hull (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), K. Scribner (Michigan State University), and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11166 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987PM UT WOS:000307429600007 ER PT J AU Van Hemert, C Handel, CM O'Brien, DM AF Van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. O'Brien, Diane M. TI STABLE ISOTOPES IDENTIFY DIETARY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BEAK DEFORMITIES IN BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES (POECILE ATRICAPILLUS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE avian keratin disorder; beak deformity; carbon; diet; passerine; disease; mixing model; nitrogen; stable isotope ID BIRDS; NITROGEN; NUTRIENTS; SALMON; CARBON; WINTER; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; IMPACTS; DIOXINS AB A large number of beak deformities of unknown etiology have recently been reported in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and other resident avian species in Alaska. We investigated the potential association between diet and beak deformities. We analyzed carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotopes in whole blood of Black-capped Chickadees captured at three semi-urban sites in south-central Alaska. For dietary analysis, we included natural foods (arthropods, seeds, and berries) and anthropogenic items commonly provided in bird feeders (sunflower seeds, peanut butter, and suet). Blood samples from individuals with beak deformities exhibited lower delta N-15 values and more variable delta C-13 values than birds with normal beaks. Isotopic values of blood also differed by location for both carbon and nitrogen, but we did not detect a difference in natural dietary items across the three sites. Contributions of individual diet items differed between birds with and without beak deformities, a pattern that likely reflected reduced function of the beak. Affected birds generally consumed fewer arthropods and sunflower seeds and more peanut butter and natural seeds and berries. Although some individuals with beak deformities relied heavily on feeder foods, we did not find evidence of an anthropogenic food source shared by all affected birds. In addition, dietary differences were most pronounced for moderately to severely affected birds, which suggests that these differences are more likely to be a consequence than a cause of deformities. Received 8 March 2012, accepted 19 May 2012. C1 [Van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Van Hemert, Caroline; O'Brien, Diane M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov RI O'Brien, Diane/B-2919-2010; OI O'Brien, Diane/0000-0001-5807-9661; Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant; National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX We thank T. Howe, N. Haubenstock, and M. Booth for sample processing and analysis. L. Pajot and J. Terenzi assisted with captures and sampling. K. Whitten and R. Flanders graciously permitted use of their photographs. T. O'Hara, S. Nash, T. Lee, R. Inger, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by an Angus Gavin Memorial Bird Research Grant, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.12037 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987PM UT WOS:000307429600010 ER PT J AU Borkhataria, RR Frederick, PC Keller, RA Collazo, JA AF Borkhataria, Rena R. Frederick, Peter C. Keller, Rebecca A. Collazo, Jaime A. TI TEMPORAL VARIATION IN LOCAL WETLAND HYDROLOGY INFLUENCES POSTDISPERSAL SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE WOOD STORKS (MYCTERIA AMERICANA) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE dispersal; Everglades; Mycteria americana; phenology; survival; wading birds; wetlands; Wood Storks ID IBISES EUDOCIMUS-ALBUS; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; WADING BIRDS; MERCURY CONTAMINATION; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; PREY AVAILABILITY; FORAGING HABITAT AB Since the 1960s, anthropogenic shifts in the timing and distribution of surface-water flows in the Everglades have pushed back the onset of reproduction in Wood Storks (Mycteria americana). Late nesting increases the probability that juveniles leave the colony during the summer rainy season, when water levels are high and prey animals unavailable. We used satellite telemetry to track first-year survival of 85 Wood Storks from southern Florida over 4 years. We further evaluated survival in relation to hydrologic and physiologic variables, including water depths, surface-water recession rates, May rainfall, use of wetland habitats, sex, total feather mercury, white-blood-cell counts, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratios for a subset of 71 birds, using a known-fates model in Program MARK. Juveniles that dispersed from the colony during favorable conditions (surface water depths <25 cm) had a first-year survival rate of 0.37 +/- 0.06 (SE), compared with 0.15 +/- 0.04 for those that dispersed into unfavorable conditions (depths >25 cm). General hydrologic conditions (favorable vs. unfavorable), wetland habitat use, and white-blood-cell counts were the best predictors of monthly survival, and the strongest effects were associated with the first month postdispersal. Our study is the first to show a relationship between temporally fluctuating hydrologic variables and survival of juvenile Wood Storks, highlighting the need to consider the timing of hydrologic manipulations when managing wetlands for birds. We conclude that human-induced changes in the temporal patterns of hydrology may have important consequences for the phenology and, ultimately, the demography of wetland birds. Received 26 October 2011, accepted 16 May 2012. C1 [Borkhataria, Rena R.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Borkhataria, RR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM rrbork@ufl.edu FU Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service; STAR Fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We are grateful to L. Branch, D. DeAngelis, R. Holt, J. Nichols, J. Walters, M. Cook, L. Bryan, and several anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank B. Brooks, L. Bryan, and colleagues in the Wood Stork Working Group for thoughtful discussion, J. Simon for logistical support, and numerous technicians for help in the field. Financial support was provided by the Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service. R.R.B. was also supported by a STAR Fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Administrative support was provided by the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida, and we thank C. McRae, M. Lindberg, and J. Vann for their assistance. Any use of trade, product, or company names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.11244 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987PM UT WOS:000307429600016 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Banks, RC Barker, FK Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DE Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Banks, Richard C. Barker, F. Keith Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas E. Winker, Kevin TI FIFTY-THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; WOODCREEPERS AVES; XANTUSS MURRELET; SEQUENCE DATA; SYSTEMATICS; DIVERSIFICATION; PASSERIFORMES; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION C1 [Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas E.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chessert@si.edu RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; NR 72 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2012 VL 129 IS 3 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1525/auk.2012.129.3.573 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 987PM UT WOS:000307429600022 ER PT J AU Katz, T Yahel, G Reidenbach, M Tunnicliffe, V Herut, B Crusius, J Whitney, F Snelgrove, PVR Lazar, B AF Katz, Timor Yahel, Gitai Reidenbach, Matt Tunnicliffe, Verena Herut, Barak Crusius, John Whitney, Frank Snelgrove, Paul V. R. Lazar, Boaz TI Resuspension by fish facilitates the transport and redistribution of coastal sediments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER REMINERALIZATION; SAANICH INLET; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NEPHELOID LAYER; ANOXIC FJORD; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CANADA; SEA; DEEP AB Oxygen availability restricts groundfish to the oxygenated, shallow margins of Saanich Inlet, an intermittently anoxic fjord in British Columbia, Canada. New and previously reported Pb-210 measurements in sediment cores compared with flux data from sediment traps indicate major focusing of sediments from the oxygenated margins to the anoxic basin seafloor. We present environmental and experimental evidence that groundfish activity in the margins is the major contributor to this focusing. Fine particles resuspended by groundfish are advected offshore by weak bottom currents, eventually settling in the anoxic basin. Transmittance and sediment trap data from the water column show that this transport process maintains an intermediate nepheloid layer (INL) in the center of the Inlet. This INL is located above the redox interface and is unrelated to water density shifts in the water column. We propose that this INL is shaped by the distribution of groundfish (as resuspension sources) along the slope and hence by oxygen availability to these fish. We support this conclusion with a conceptual model of the resuspension and offshore transport of sediment. This fish-induced transport mechanism for sediments is likely to enhance organic matter decomposition in oxygenated sediments and its sequestration in anoxic seafloors. C1 [Katz, Timor; Lazar, Boaz] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Elat, Israel. [Katz, Timor; Lazar, Boaz] Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, Elat, Israel. [Yahel, Gitai] Ruppin Acad Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Michmoret, Israel. [Yahel, Gitai; Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Reidenbach, Matt] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, VENUS, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Herut, Barak] Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Haifa, Israel. [Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Whitney, Frank] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Snelgrove, Paul V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada. [Snelgrove, Paul V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF, Canada. RP Katz, T (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Elat, Israel. EM timor.katz@mail.huji.ac.il RI Tunnicliffe, Verena/D-1056-2014 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Yohay Ben-Nun fellowship; Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry FX We thank J. M. Rose and the teams of the Canadian Remotely Operated Platform for Ocean Science (ROPOS), Canadian coastguard ship J. P. Tully, and Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea (VENUS) for their most professional and enthusiastic help during field sampling and sample processing. We are grateful to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, for permission to use their oceanographic database from Saanich, Jervis, and Effingham Inlets. We also thank Vera Pospelova and Andrea Price for the sediment trap data and Beverly Goodman and McMaster University for help with grain-size analysis. The VENUS Project and University of Victoria supported the ship and submersible time for field experiments, and the U. S. Geological Survey and Coastal and Marine Geological Program generously supported J. C. The project was supported by Discovery Grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to V. T. and P. S. and a Yohay Ben-Nun fellowship and Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry Fund award to T.K. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 945 EP 958 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.0945 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 985LY UT WOS:000307269300005 ER PT J AU Belnap, J AF Belnap, Jayne TI BIOGEOCHEMISTRY Unexpected uptake SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr Moab, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr Moab, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 7 BP 443 EP 444 DI 10.1038/ngeo1514 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 983DM UT WOS:000307098400006 ER PT J AU Mahan, S Kay, J AF Mahan, Shannon Kay, John TI Building on previous OSL dating techniques for gypsum: A case study from Salt Basin playa, New Mexico and Texas SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating (LED) CY JUL 10-14, 2011 CL Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Math, Torun, POLAND HO Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Math DE Gypsum; New Mexico; Texas; OSL dating; Playa; Evaporites ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; ANALOG MATERIALS; LUMINESCENCE; ESR; MARS; AGE AB The long term stability and reliability of the luminescence signal for gypsum has not been well documented or systematically measured until just recently. A review of the current literature for luminescence dating of gypsum is compiled here along with original efforts at dating an intact and in-situ bed of selenite gypsum at Salt Basin Playa, New Mexico and Texas. This effort differs from other documented luminescence dating efforts because the gypsum is not powdery or redistributed from its original growth patterns within the playa basin but is instead of a crystalline form. Sixteen ages from eight cores were ultimately produced with seven of the ages coming from rare detrital quartz encased in or with the gypsum crystals while the remaining ages are from the crystalline gypsum. As far as can be ascertained, the quartz was measured separately from the gypsum and no contaminants were noted in any of the aliquots. Some basic and preliminary tests of signal stability were measured and found to be mitigated by lessening of pre-heat protocols. Ages ranged from 8 ka to 10 ka in the shallow cores and 16 ka to 22 ka in the deeper cores. These ages will be useful in determining rates of gypsum growth within a sequence of evaporates which, in turn, will help to better document historic rates of evaporation and thus estimate, with more precision, the corresponding annual evaporation rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahan, Shannon] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kay, John] Daniel B Stephens & Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Mahan, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM smahan@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 10 SI SI BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.001 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 984MV UT WOS:000307195300053 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Amidon, FA Marshall, AP Pratt, TK AF Camp, Richard J. Amidon, Frederick A. Marshall, Ann P. Pratt, Thane K. TI Bird Populations on the Island of Tinian: Persistence despite Wholesale Loss of Native Forests SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREE SNAKE; MARIANA ISLANDS; AVIFAUNA; IMPACTS AB Bird habitat on the island of Tinian, Mariana Islands, has been substantially altered, and only around 5% of the island has native forest today. The modern bird fauna is likely to be a subset of the original avifauna where only species tolerant to native forest loss and human disturbance have survived. Avian surveys were conducted on the island in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide current densities and abundances of the remaining species, and assess population trends using data collected from previous surveys. During the three surveys (1982, 1996, and 2008), 18 species were detected, and abundances and trends were assessed for 11 species. Five of the nine native species and one alien bird have increased since 1982. Three native birds-Mariana Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus roseicapilla), Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), and Tinian Monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)-have decreased since 1982. Trends for the remaining two birds (one native and one alien) were considered relatively stable. Only five birds, including the Tinian Monarch, showed significant differences among regions of Tinian by year. Increased development on Tinian may result in increases in habitat clearing and expansion of human-dominated habitats, and declines in some bird populations would likely continue or be exacerbated with these actions. Expanded development activities on Tinian would also mean increased cargo movement between Guam and Tinian, elevating the probability of transporting the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) to Tinian, which would lead to precipitous decreases and extinctions. C1 [Camp, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. [Amidon, Frederick A.; Marshall, Ann P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pratt, Thane K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hilo, HI USA. RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI USA. EM rick_camp@usgs.gov OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X FU U.S. Navy; Pacific Islands Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center FX This study was funded by the U.S. Navy, Pacific Islands Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. Manuscript accepted 24 October 2011. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 3 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.2984/66.3.3 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 983UP UT WOS:000307144500003 ER PT J AU Melis, TS Korman, J Kennedy, TA AF Melis, T. S. Korman, J. Kennedy, T. A. TI ABIOTIC & BIOTIC RESPONSES OF THE COLORADO RIVER TO CONTROLLED FLOODS AT GLEN CANYON DAM, ARIZONA, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; controlled floods; sandbars; rainbow trout; humpback chub ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; SWISS-NATIONAL-PARK; BROWN TROUT; GRAND-CANYON; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUPPLY LIMITATION; NEW-BRUNSWICK; GROWTH; DENSITY AB Closure of Glen Canyon Dam reduced sand supply to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park by about 94% while its operation has also eroded the park's sandbar habitats. Three controlled floods released from the dam since 1995 suggest that sandbars might be rebuilt and maintained, but only if repeated floods are timed to follow tributary sand deliveries below the dam. Monitoring data show that sandbars are dynamic and that their erosion after bar building is positively related with mean daily discharge and negatively related with tributary sand production after controlled floods. The March 2008 flood affected non-native rainbow trout abundance in the Lees Ferry tailwater, which supports a blue ribbon fishery. Downstream trout dispersal from the tailwater results in negative competitive interactions and predation on endangered humpback chub. Early survival rates of age-0 trout increased more than fourfold following the 2008 flood, and twofold in 2009, relative to prior years (20062007). Hatch-date analysis indicated that early survival rates were much higher for cohorts that emerged about 2 months after the 2008 flood relative to cohorts that emerged earlier that year. The 2009 survival data suggest that tailwater habitat improvements persisted for at least a year, but apparently decreased in 2010. Increased early survival rates for trout coincided with the increased availability of higher quality drifting food items after the 2008 flood owing to an increase in midges and black flies, preferred food items of rainbow trout. Repeated floods from the dam might sustainably rebuild and maintain sandbars if released when new tributary sand is available below the tailwater. Spring flooding might also sustain increased trout abundance and benefit the tailwater fishery, but also be a potential risk to humpback chub in Grand Canyon. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Melis, T. S.; Kennedy, T. A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Korman, J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. [Korman, J.] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada. Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Melis, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tmelis@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 764 EP 776 DI 10.1002/rra.1503 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 972LQ UT WOS:000306279000009 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP Warner, A Higgins, JV AF Konrad, C. P. Warner, A. Higgins, J. V. TI EVALUATING DAM RE-OPERATION FOR FRESHWATER CONSERVATION IN THE SUSTAINABLE RIVERS PROJECT SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE environmental flows; dams; river conservation ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; BILL WILLIAMS RIVER; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BASIC PRINCIPLES; CHINOOK SALMON; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; STREAM AB Sustainable management of global water resources requires changing of dam operations to maintain river, floodplain and estuary ecosystems. Re-operating dams for ecological objectives must be evaluated rigorously because of the complexity of ecological responses to streamflow, uncertainty in the long-term and large-scale conservation impacts on freshwater ecosystems and the foregone environmental or social benefits from other uses of water. Prescribed releases at five demonstration sites in the Sustainable Rivers Project, a partnership between the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and The Nature Conservancy to plan and implement environmental flow prescriptions at Corps dams nationwide, have been evaluated in terms of their immediate and direct ecological outcomes. Advancing dam re-operation as a freshwater conservation strategy at these and other sites will require additional evidence about longer-term and broader impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. A pragmatic framework for monitoring and evaluating dam re-operation as a conservation strategy includes a balanced assessment of direct responses and long-term effects, institutional partnerships that can implement monitoring and evaluation at an ecosystem scale and improved reporting of scientific investigations to facilitate long-term monitoring and cross-site learning. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Konrad, C. P.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Konrad, C. P.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Warner, A.] Nature Conservancy, University Pk, PA USA. [Higgins, J. V.] Nature Conservancy, Chicago, IL USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov OI Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 777 EP 792 DI 10.1002/rra.1524 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 972LQ UT WOS:000306279000010 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Stott, PA Herring, S Zwiers, FW Hegerl, GC Min, SK Zhang, XB van Oldenborgh, GJ van Urk, A Allen, MR Funk, C Rupp, DE Mote, PW Massey, N Rye, CJ Jones, R Cattiaux, J Yiou, P Massey, N Aina, T Otto, FEL Wilson, S Jones, RG Christidis, N AF Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. Herring, Stephanie Zwiers, Francis W. Hegerl, Gabriele C. Min, Seung-Ki Zhang, Xuebin van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan van Urk, Anne Allen, Myles Funk, Chris Rupp, David E. Mote, Philip W. Massey, Neil Rye, Cameron J. Jones, Richard Cattiaux, Julien Yiou, Pascal Massey, N. Aina, T. Otto, F.E.L. Wilson, S. Jones, R.G. Christidis, Nikolaos TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2011 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; FREQUENCY C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Herring, Stephanie] NOAA, Off Program Planning & Integrat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zwiers, Francis W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Min, Seung-Ki] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [van Urk, Anne] CoDeWa, Reeuwijk, Netherlands. [Allen, Myles] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Allen, Myles] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazard Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Rupp, David E.; Mote, Philip W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Massey, Neil; Rye, Cameron J.; Massey, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England. [Massey, Neil; Massey, N.] Univ Oxford, Smith Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England. [Stott, Peter A.; Jones, Richard; Wilson, S.; Jones, R.G.; Christidis, Nikolaos] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Otto, F.E.L.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. [Cattiaux, Julien] CNRM Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Yiou, Pascal] LSCE IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Aina, T.] Univ Oxford, Oxford E Res Ctr, Oxford, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov RI Min, Seung-Ki/B-1431-2010; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/A-4176-2011; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/0000-0002-6898-9535; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 102 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 74 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1067 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00021.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100008 ER PT J AU Coe, KK Belnap, J Sparks, JP AF Coe, Kirsten K. Belnap, Jayne Sparks, Jed P. TI Precipitation-driven carbon balance controls survivorship of desert biocrust mosses SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocrust; carbon balance; Colorado Plateau; deserts; desiccation; global change; Moab, Utah, USA; moss; nutrient cycling; precipitation; Syntrichia caninervis ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; SUCCESSIONAL STAGES; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COLORADO PLATEAU; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER PULSES AB Precipitation patterns including the magnitude, timing, and seasonality of rainfall are predicted to undergo substantial alterations in arid regions in the future, and desert organisms may be more responsive to such changes than to shifts in only mean annual rainfall. Soil biocrust communities (consisting of cyanobacteria, lichen, and mosses) are ubiquitous to desert ecosystems, play an array of ecological roles, and display a strong sensitivity to environmental changes. Crust mosses are particularly responsive to changes in precipitation and exhibit rapid declines in biomass and mortality following the addition of small rainfall events. Further, loss of the moss component in biocrusts leads to declines in crust structure and function. In this study, we sought to understand the physiological responses of the widespread and often dominant biocrust moss Syntrichia caninervis to alterations in rainfall. Moss samples were collected during all four seasons and exposed to two rainfall event sizes and three desiccation period (DP) lengths. A carbon balance approach based on single precipitation events was used to define the carbon gain or loss during a particular hydration period. Rainfall event size was the strongest predictor of carbon balance, and the largest carbon gains were associated with the largest precipitation events. In contrast, small precipitation events resulted in carbon deficits for S. caninervis. Increasing the length of the DP prior to an event resulted in reductions in carbon balance, probably because of the increased energetic cost of hydration following more intense bouts of desiccation. The season of collection (i.e., physiological status of the moss) modulated these responses, and the effects of DP and rainfall on carbon balance were different in magnitude (and often in sign) for different seasons. In particular, S. caninervis displayed higher carbon balances in the winter than in the summer, even for events of identical size. Overall, our results suggest that annual carbon balance and survivorship in biocrust mosses are largely driven by precipitation, and because of the role mosses play in biocrusts, changes in intra-annual precipitation patterns can have implications for hydrology, soil stability, and nutrient cycling in dryland systems. C1 [Coe, Kirsten K.; Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, SW Biol Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Coe, KK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM kkc32@cornell.edu NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 10 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1626 EP 1636 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 979OL UT WOS:000306829300014 PM 22919909 ER PT J AU Gopalaswamy, AM Royle, JA Delampady, M Nichols, JD Karanth, KU Macdonald, DW AF Gopalaswamy, Arjun M. Royle, J. Andrew Delampady, Mohan Nichols, James D. Karanth, K. Ullas Macdonald, David W. TI Density estimation in tiger populations: combining information for strong inference SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apex predator; Bayesian inference; carnivore monitoring; felid conservation; keystone; low density; Panthera tigris; population estimation; spatial capture-recapture; stepwise updating; umbrella species; Western Ghats, India ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; MARK-RECAPTURE; CAMERA-TRAP; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB A productive way forward in studies of animal populations is to efficiently make use of all the information available, either as raw data or as published sources, on critical parameters of interest. In this study, we demonstrate two approaches to the use of multiple sources of information on a parameter of fundamental interest to ecologists: animal density. The first approach produces estimates simultaneously from two different sources of data. The second approach was developed for situations in which initial data collection and analysis are followed up by subsequent data collection and prior knowledge is updated with new data using a stepwise process. Both approaches are used to estimate density of a rare and elusive predator, the tiger, by combining photographic and fecal DNA spatial capture-recapture data. The model, which combined information, provided the most precise estimate of density (8.5 +/- 1.95 tigers/100 km(2) [posterior mean +/- SD]) relative to a model that utilized only one data source (photographic, 12.02 +/- 3.02 tigers/100 km(2) and fecal DNA, 6.65 +/- 2.37 tigers/100 km(2)). Our study demonstrates that, by accounting for multiple sources of available information, estimates of animal density can be significantly improved. C1 [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Macdonald, David W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Karanth, K. Ullas] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, India. [Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, India Program, Bengaluru 560070, India. [Royle, J. Andrew; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Delampady, Mohan] Indian Stat Inst, Stat & Math Unit, Bangalore Ctr, Bengaluru 560059, India. [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Gopalaswamy, AM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. EM arjungswamy@gmail.com OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU Clarendon scholarship; Jason Hu scholarship; WCS-Clive Marsh scholarship; WWF-Kathryn Fuller scholarship FX We thank the Clarendon, Jason Hu, WCS-Clive Marsh, and WWF-Kathryn Fuller scholarships for providing research support for A. M. Gopalaswamy. We also acknowledge institutional support from the Karnalaka Forest Department, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York Center for Wildlife Studies, and Bangalore and USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Assistance was provided for field data collection by N. Samba Kumas and Anish Andheria. Thanks also to Uma Ramakrishan and Samat Mondol for fecal DNA analyses. We thank two anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1741 EP 1751 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 979OL UT WOS:000306829300024 PM 22919919 ER PT J AU Blehert, DS AF Blehert, David S. TI Fungal Disease and the Developing Story of Bat White-nose Syndrome SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID GEOMYCES-DESTRUCTANS; SP-NOV; PATHOGEN; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; INFECTION; PLANT C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Bat Conservation International; National Speleological Society; Indiana State University Center for North American Bat Research and Conservation FX Work in the author's laboratory relevant to this manuscript has been supported by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bat Conservation International, the National Speleological Society, and the Indiana State University Center for North American Bat Research and Conservation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 78 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 8 IS 7 AR e1002779 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002779 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 979RO UT WOS:000306837700010 PM 22829763 ER PT J AU Schwenk, WS Donovan, TM Keeton, WS Nunery, JS AF Schwenk, W. Scott Donovan, Therese M. Keeton, William S. Nunery, Jared S. TI Carbon storage, timber production, and biodiversity: comparing ecosystem services with multi-criteria decision analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; carbon sequestration and storage; forest ecosystem modeling; forest planning; multi-criteria analysis; multi-objective forest management; northern hardwood forests (USA); timber production ID FOREST VEGETATION SIMULATOR; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; MULTIPLE CRITERIA; HARDWOOD FOREST; SUPPORT-SYSTEM; BIRDS; SEQUESTRATION; FRAGMENTATION AB Increasingly, land managers seek ways to manage forests for multiple ecosystem services and functions, yet considerable challenges exist in comparing disparate services and balancing trade-offs among them. We applied multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and forest simulation models to simultaneously consider three objectives: (1) storing carbon, (2) producing timber and wood products, and (3) sustaining biodiversity. We used the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) applied to 42 northern hardwood sites to simulate forest development over 100 years and to estimate carbon storage and timber production. We estimated biodiversity implications with occupancy models for 51 terrestrial bird species that were linked to FVS outputs. We simulated four alternative management prescriptions that spanned a range of harvesting intensities and forest structure retention. We found that silvicultural approaches emphasizing less frequent harvesting and greater structural retention could be expected to achieve the greatest net carbon storage but also produce less timber. More intensive prescriptions would enhance biodiversity because positive responses of early successional species exceeded negative responses of late successional species within the heavily forested study area. The combinations of weights assigned to objectives had a large influence on which prescriptions were scored as optimal. Overall, we found that a diversity of silvicultural approaches is likely to be preferable to any single approach, emphasizing the need for landscape-scale management to provide a full range of ecosystem goods and services. Our analytical framework that combined MCDA with forest simulation modeling was a powerful tool in understanding trade-offs among management objectives and how they can be simultaneously accommodated. C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Keeton, William S.; Nunery, Jared S.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schwenk, WS (reprint author), N Atlantic Landscape Conservat Cooperat, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM w.scott.schwenk@gmail.com FU USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program; USGS Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank N. Charney, T. Collingwood, R. DeMots, C. Eiseman, A. Gregor, S Harris, K. Manaras, J. Panek, S. Wilson, and T. Yuta for conducting field surveys. We also appreciate assistance from C. Bettigole, E. Buford, R. Long, B. Mitchell, and J. O'Neil-Dunne and the many landowners who granted access to their property. D. Capen, D. King, and two anonymous reviewers offered helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the USDA Northeastern States Research Cooperative, the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program, and the USGS Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Use of trade-names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Vermont, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 64 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 110 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1612 EP 1627 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400018 PM 22908717 ER PT J AU Richmond, OMW Tecklin, J Beissinger, SR AF Richmond, Orien M. W. Tecklin, Jerry Beissinger, Steven R. TI Impact of cattle grazing on the occupancy of a cryptic, threatened rail SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Black Rail; detection probability; Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus; livestock grazing; marsh vegetation cover; multi-season occupancy models; random changes in occupancy; residual dry matter ID SIERRA-NEVADA FOOTHILLS; CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS; CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; WATERFOWL PRODUCTION; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; MARSH BIRDS; LIVESTOCK; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Impacts of livestock grazing in arid and semiarid environments are often concentrated in and around wetlands where animals congregate for water, cooler temperatures, and green forage. We assessed the impacts of winter-spring (November-May) cattle grazing on marsh vegetation cover and occupancy of a highly secretive marsh bird that relies on dense vegetation cover, the California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus), in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills of California, USA. Using detection-nondetection data collected during repeated call playback surveys at grazed vs. ungrazed marshes and a "random changes in occupancy" parameterization of a multi-season occupancy model, we examined relationships between occupancy and habitat covariates, while accounting for imperfect detection. Marsh vegetation cover was significantly lower at grazed marshes than at ungrazed marshes during the grazing season in 2007 but not in 2008. Winter-spring grazing had little effect on Black Rail occupancy at irrigated marshes. However, at nonirrigated marshes fed by natural springs and streams, grazed sites had lower occupancy than ungrazed sites. Black Rail occupancy was positively associated with marsh area, irrigation as a water source, and summer vegetation cover, and negatively associated with marsh isolation. Residual dry matter (RDM), a commonly used metric of grazing intensity, was significantly associated with summer marsh vegetation cover at grazed sites but not spring cover. Direct monitoring of marsh vegetation cover, particularly at natural spring-or stream-fed marshes, is recommended to prevent negative impacts to rails from overgrazing. C1 [Richmond, Orien M. W.; Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tecklin, Jerry] Sierra Foothill Res & Extens Ctr, Browns Valley, CA 95918 USA. RP Richmond, OMW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay Natl Wildlife Refug, 1 Marshlands Rd, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. EM orien.richmond@gmail.com FU National Geographic Society; UC-Davis Wildlife Health Center; California Department of Fish and Game Resource Assessment Program; Sacramento Audubon; Sierra Foothills Audubon; American Ornithologists' Union; Garden Club of America; American Museum of Natural History; California Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [DEB-1051342, CNH-115069]; A. Starker Leopold Chair in Wildlife Ecology FX Our work was supported by grants from the National Geographic Society, the UC-Davis Wildlife Health Center and California Department of Fish and Game Resource Assessment Program, Sacramento Audubon, Sierra Foothills Audubon, the American Ornithologists' Union, the Garden Club of America, the American Museum of Natural History, California Agricultural Experiment Station, the National Science Foundation (DEB-1051342 and CNH-115069), and the A. Starker Leopold Chair in Wildlife Ecology. Reviews by P. Girard, P. Epanchin, M. Tingley, and anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. We thank T. Caldwell, J. Drew, N. Spieker, and the staff at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center, especially D. Flavell and C. Feddersen for information and logistical support. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1655 EP 1664 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400021 PM 22908720 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Weir, LA McClintock, BT Grant, EHC Bailey, LL Simons, TR AF Miller, David A. W. Weir, Linda A. McClintock, Brett T. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Bailey, Larissa L. Simons, Theodore R. TI Experimental investigation of false positive errors in auditory species occurrence surveys SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE false negative; false positive; misclassification; occupancy; occurrence; species richness; survey ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; ANURAN CALL SURVEYS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; CITIZEN SCIENCE; OBSERVER BIAS; POINT COUNTS; RECAPTURE; DENSITY; MISIDENTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB False positive errors are a significant component of many ecological data sets, which in combination with false negative errors, can lead to severe biases in conclusions about ecological systems. We present results of a field experiment where observers recorded observations for known combinations of electronically broadcast calling anurans under conditions mimicking field surveys to determine species occurrence. Our objectives were to characterize false positive error probabilities for auditory methods based on a large number of observers, to determine if targeted instruction could be used to reduce false positive error rates, and to establish useful predictors of among-observer and among-species differences in error rates. We recruited 31 observers, ranging in abilities from novice to expert, who recorded detections for 12 species during 180 calling trials (66 960 total observations). All observers made multiple false positive errors, and on average 8.1% of recorded detections in the experiment were false positive errors. Additional instruction had only minor effects on error rates. After instruction, false positive error probabilities decreased by 16% for treatment individuals compared to controls with broad confidence interval overlap of 0 (95% CI: -46 to 30%). This coincided with an increase in false negative errors due to the treatment (26%; -3 to 61%). Differences among observers in false positive and in false negative error rates were best predicted by scores from an online test and a self-assessment of observer ability completed prior to the field experiment. In contrast, years of experience conducting call surveys was a weak predictor of error rates. False positive errors were also more common for species that were played more frequently but were not related to the dominant spectral frequency of the call. Our results corroborate other work that demonstrates false positives are a significant component of species occurrence data collected by auditory methods. Instructing observers to only report detections they are completely certain are correct is not sufficient to eliminate errors. As a result, analytical methods that account for false positive errors will be needed, and independent testing of observer ability is a useful predictor for among-observer variation in observation error rates. C1 [Miller, David A. W.; Weir, Linda A.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM davidmiller@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1674 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400022 PM 22908721 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Hansen, JE Erikson, LH AF Barnard, Patrick L. Hansen, Jeff E. Erikson, Li H. TI Synthesis Study of an Erosion Hot Spot, Ocean Beach, California SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Erosion; modeling; beach; waves; erosion hot spot ID EBB-TIDAL DELTA; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; RIVER DELTA; NILE-DELTA; NEARSHORE; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; INLET; MORPHODYNAMICS AB Barnard, P.L.; Hansen, J.E., and Erikson, L.H., 2012. Synthesis study of an erosion hot spot, Ocean Beach, California (USA). Journal of Coastal Research, 28(4), 903-922. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A synthesis of multiple coastal morphodynamic research efforts is presented to identify the processes responsible for persistent erosion along a 1-km segment of 7-km-long Ocean Beach in San Francisco, California. The beach is situated adjacent to a major tidal inlet and in the shadow of the ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Ocean Beach is exposed to a high-energy wave climate and significant alongshore variability in forcing introduced by varying nearshore bathymetry, tidal forcing, and beach morphology (e.g., beach variably backed by seawall, dunes, and bluffs). In addition, significant regional anthropogenic factors have influenced sediment supply and tidal current strength. A variety of techniques were employed to investigate the erosion at Ocean Beach, including historical shoreline and bathymetric analysis, monthly beach topographic surveys, nearshore and regional bathymetric surveys, beach and nearshore grain size analysis, two surf-zone hydrodynamic experiments, four sets of nearshore wave and current experiments, and several numerical modeling approaches. Here, we synthesize the results of 7 years of data collection to lay out the causes of persistent erosion, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating an array of data sets covering a huge range of spatial scales. The key findings are as follows: anthropogenic influences have reduced sediment supply from San Francisco Bay, leading to pervasive contraction (i.e., both volume and area loss) of the ebb-tidal delta, which in turn reduced the regional grain size and modified wave focusing patterns along Ocean Beach, altering nearshore circulation and sediment transport patterns. In addition, scour associated with an exposed sewage outfall pipe causes a local depression in wave heights, significantly modifying nearshore circulation patterns that have been shown through modeling to be key drivers of persistent erosion in that area. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Hansen, Jeff E.; Erikson, Li H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District (especially Peter Mull), for funding this research. Mike Kellogg of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission generously provided sediment data. The National Park Service provided research permits and other logistical support. Numerous other individuals contributed to the development and execution of this research effort. In particular, we thank Dan Hanes for his guidance and advice throughout the course of this investigation. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 903 EP 922 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00212.1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 974QF UT WOS:000306450700018 ER PT J AU Makrakis, MC Miranda, LE Makrakis, S Fontes, HM Morlis, WG Dias, JHP Garcia, JO AF Makrakis, M. C. Miranda, L. E. Makrakis, S. Fontes, H. M., Jr. Morlis, W. G. Dias, J. H. P. Garcia, J. O. TI Diversity in migratory patterns among Neotropical fishes in a highly regulated river basin SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish passage; mark-recapture; migratory movement; Parana River ID SAO-FRANCISCO RIVER; PARANA RIVER; PROCHILODUS-ARGENTEUS; LATERAL MIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY; ITAIPU DAM; BRAZIL; MOVEMENT; LADDER; PASSAGE AB Migratory behaviour of selected fish species is described in the Parana River, BrazilArgentinaParaguay, to search for patterns relevant to tropical regulated river systems. In a 10 year markrecapture study, spanning a 1425 km section of the river, 32 867 fishes composed of 18 species were released and 1083 fishes were recaptured. The fishes recaptured were at liberty an average 166 days (maximum 1548 days) and travelled an average 35 km (range 0625 km). Cluster analysis applied to variables descriptive of movement behaviour identified four general movement patterns. Cluster 1 included species that moved long distances (mean 164 km) upstream (54%) and downstream (40%) the mainstem river and showed high incidence (27%) of passage through dams; cluster 2 also exhibited high rate of movement along the mainstem (49% upstream, 13% downstream), but moved small distances (mean 10 km); cluster 3 included the most fishes moving laterally into tributaries (45%) or not moving at all (25%), but little downstream movement (8%); fishes in cluster 4 exhibited little upstream movement (13%) and farthest downstream movements (mean 41 km). Whereas species could be numerically clustered with statistical models, a species ordination showed ample spread, suggesting that species exhibit diverse movement patterns that cannot be easily classified into just a few classes. The cluster and ordination procedures also showed that adults and juveniles of the same species exhibit similar movement patterns. Conventional concepts about Neotropical migratory fishes portray them as travelling long distances upstream. The present results broaden these concepts suggesting that migratory movements are more diverse, could be long, short or at times absent, upriver, downriver or lateral, and the diversity of movements can vary within and among species. The intense lateral migrations exhibited by a diversity of species, especially to and from large tributaries (above reservoirs) and reservoir tributaries, illustrate the importance of these habitats for the fish species life cycle. Considering that the Parana River is highly impounded, special attention should be given to the few remaining low-impact habitats as they continue to be targets of hydropower development that will probably intensify the effects on migratory fish stocks. C1 [Makrakis, M. C.; Makrakis, S.] Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, GETECH Grp Pesquisas Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Re, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fontes, H. M., Jr.] Itaipu Binacl, Div Reservatorios, BR-85856970 Foz Do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil. [Dias, J. H. P.] CESP, BR-16920000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Makrakis, MC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, GETECH Grp Pesquisas Tecnol Prod & Conservacao Re, Rua Fac 645, BR-85903000 Toledo, Parana, Brazil. EM mmakrakis@terra.com.br FU Itaipu Binacional; Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo; Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development FX We thank several environmental agencies (Instituto Ambiental do Parana; Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis and Consorcio Municipal da Area de Preservacao Ambiental Federal do Noroeste do Parana) and academic unit (Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura) for facilitating resources needed to carry out this work. We also thank several hydroelectric companies (Itaipu Binacional; Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo) for financial and logistic (Itaipu Binacional; Entidade Binacional Yacyreta; Companhia Energetica de Sao Paulo) support. The Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development awarded a study grant. J. Brandt provided a helpful review of an earlier draft. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 866 EP 881 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03346.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 974YH UT WOS:000306473000026 PM 22803739 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Duniway, MC Pyke, DA Bestelmeyer, BT Wills, SA Brown, JR Karl, JW Havstad, KM AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Duniway, Michael C. Pyke, David A. Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Wills, Skye A. Brown, Joel R. Karl, Jason W. Havstad, Kris M. TI A holistic strategy for adaptive land management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; RANGELAND; STATE; RESTORATION; LANDSCAPES; FRAMEWORK; PROTOCOL; IMAGERY C1 [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Karl, Jason W.] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. [Wills, Skye A.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Brown, Joel R.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806; Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU US Bureau of Land Management; USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA NRCS FX We thank Craig Mackinnon, Gordon Toevs, and Kit Muller of the US Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC; Sherm Karl of the US Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado; and the rest of the US Bureau of Land Management team that contributed to the development of the core indicators. Angela Muhanga of New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico assisted with the compilation of the surveys. We are grateful to Arlene Tugel of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Dennis Thompson and Leonard Jolley of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC; Pat Shaver of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon; Mike Pellant of the US Bureau of Land Management, Boise, Idaho; Fee Busby of the Utah State University, Logan, Utah; Robert Unnasch of The Nature Conservancy, Boise, Idaho; Anton Imeson of the 3D Environmental Change, The Netherlands; Luca Montanarella, of the European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy; Michelle Wander of the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Shannon Horst of the Savory Institute, Boulder, Colorado; Craig Leggett of Leggett Consulting, Durango, Colorado; Corinna Riginos of Mpala Research Center, Nanyuki, Kenya; Jayne Belnap of the US Geological Survey, Moab, Utah, and many others for conversations that contributed to the development of this manuscript. Work associated with this manuscript was supported by the US Bureau of Land Management and by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the USDA NRCS through the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 105A EP 113A DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.105A PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900004 ER PT J AU Minks, KR Lowery, B Madison, FW Ruark, MD Frame, D Stuntebeck, T Komiskey, M AF Minks, K. R. Lowery, B. Madison, F. W. Ruark, M. D. Frame, D. Stuntebeck, T. Komiskey, M. TI An at-grade stabilization structure impact on runoff and suspended sediment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; paired watershed; sediment transport; soil erosion; unglaciated area ID DRIFTLESS AREA; STREAMFLOW; WISCONSIN; EROSION AB In recent years, agricultural runoff has received more attention as a major contributor to surface water pollution. This is especially true for the unglaciated area of Wisconsin, given this area's steep topography, which makes it highly susceptible to runoff and soil loss. We evaluated the ability of an at-grade stabilization structure (AGSS), designed as a conservation practice to reduce the amount of overland runoff and suspended sediment transported to the surface waters of an agricultural watershed. Eight years of storm and baseflow data collected by the US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center on a farm in west central Wisconsin were analyzed for changes in precipitation, storm runoff volume, and suspended sediment concentration before and after installation of an AGSS. The agricultural research site was designed as a paired watershed study in which monitoring stations were installed on the perennial streams draining both control and treatment watersheds. Linear mixed effects model analyses were conducted to determine if any statistically significant changes occurred in the water quality parameters before and after the AGSS was installed. Results indicated no significant changes (p = 0.51) in average event precipitation and runoff volumes before and after installation of the AGSS in either the treatment (NW) or control (SW) watersheds. However, the AGSS did significantly reduce the average suspended sediment concentration in the event runoff water (p = 0.02) in the NW from 972 to 263 mg L-1. In addition, particle size analyses, using light diffraction techniques, were conducted on soil samples taken from within the AGSS and adjacent valley and ridge top to determine if suspended sediments were being retained within the structure. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly (p < 0.001) larger proportion of clay inside the AGSS (37%) than outside (30%). These results indicate that the AGSS was successful in reducing the amount of suspended sediment transported to nearby surface waters. The cost of an AGSS can range from US$3,500 to US$8,000, depending on size. Thus, these structures provide a cheap and effective means of improving water quality in highly erosive landscapes. C1 [Minks, K. R.] Dane Cty Dept Land & Water Resources, Land Conservat Div, Madison, WI USA. [Lowery, B.; Madison, F. W.; Ruark, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Frame, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Pigeon Falls, WI USA. [Stuntebeck, T.; Komiskey, M.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Minks, KR (reprint author), Dane Cty Dept Land & Water Resources, Land Conservat Div, Madison, WI USA. FU University of Wisconsin; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; US Geological Survey; HATCH [NC-1178] FX Partial funding for this study was provided by the University of Wisconsin Extension Discovery Farms Program, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and the US Geological Survey. Funding was also provided by HATCH (NC-1178). Thanks to Joe Bragger and family for their cooperation in conducting this research. Thanks also to the US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center for their help in installing and maintaining equipment as well as collecting data. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 67 IS 4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.2489/jswc.67.4.237 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 974QH UT WOS:000306450900005 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Keszthelyi, LP Lowenstern, JB Jaworowski, C Heasler, H AF Vaughan, R. Greg Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Lowenstern, Jacob B. Jaworowski, Cheryl Heasler, Henry TI Use of ASTER and MODIS thermal infrared data to quantify heat flow and hydrothermal change at Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Thermal infrared; Yellowstone; Geothermal system; Heat flux; ASTER; MODIS ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; OLDOINYO LENGAI; EREBUS VOLCANO; LAVA LAKE; CALDERA; SYSTEM; ERUPTION; REMOTE; UPLIFT; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The overarching aim of this study was to use satellite thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing to monitor geothermal activity within the Yellowstone geothermal area to meet the missions of both the U.S. Geological Survey and the Yellowstone National Park Geology Program. Specific goals were to: 1) address the challenges of monitoring the surface thermal characteristics of the >10.000 spatially and temporally dynamic thermal features in the Park (including hot springs, pools, geysers, fumaroles, and mud pots) that are spread out over similar to 5000 km(2), by using satellite TIR remote sensing tools (e.g., ASTER and MODIS), 2) to estimate the radiant geothermal heat flux (GHF) for Yellowstone's thermal areas, and 3) to identify normal, background thermal changes so that significant, abnormal changes can be recognized, should they ever occur (e.g., changes related to tectonic, hydrothermal, impending volcanic processes, or human activities, such as nearby geothermal development). ASTER TIR data (90-m pixels) were used to estimate the radiant GHF from all of Yellowstone's thermal features and update maps of thermal areas. MODIS TIR data (1-km pixels) were used to record background thermal radiance variations from March 2000 through December 2010 and establish thermal change detection limits. A lower limit for the radiant GHF estimated from ASTER TIR temperature data was established at similar to 2.0 GW, which is similar to 30-45% of the heat flux estimated through geochemical thermometry. Also, about 5 km(2) of thermal areas was added to the geodatabase of mapped thermal areas. A decade-long time-series of MODIS TIR radiance data was dominated by seasonal cycles. A background subtraction technique was used in an attempt to isolate variations due to geothermal changes. Several statistically significant perturbations were noted in the time-series from Norris Geyser Basin, however many of these did not correspond to documented thermal disturbances. This study provides concrete examples of the strengths and limitations of current satellite TIR monitoring of geothermal areas, highlighting some specific areas that can be improved. This work provides a framework for future satellite-based thermal monitoring at Yellowstone and other volcanic and geothermal systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jaworowski, Cheryl; Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gvaughan@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program; USGS Volcano Hazards Program; NASA ROSES New Investigator Program FX The research described herein was carried out at the USGS Astrogeology Science Center in Flagstaff, AZ, with support from the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program, the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and the NASA ROSES New Investigator Program. Many thanks to: Trent Hare, Fred Kruse, Candi Kruse, Betsy Littlefield, Dan Mahony, Leon Maldonado, Moses Milazzo, Dave Pieri, Richard Vaughan, and Rick Wessels. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 233 BP 72 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.022 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 976WC UT WOS:000306617100007 ER PT J AU Chang, HJ Jung, IW Steele, M Gannett, M AF Chang, Heejun Jung, Il-Won Steele, Madeline Gannett, Marshall TI Spatial Patterns of March and September Streamflow Trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008 SO GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; VARIABILITY; OREGON; USA; NONSTATIONARITY AB Summer streamflow is a vital water resource for municipal and domestic water supplies, irrigation, salmonid habitat, recreation, and water-related ecosystem services in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the United States. This study detects significant negative trends in September absolute streamflow in a majority of 68 stream-gauging stations located on unregulated streams in the PNW from 1958 to 2008. The proportion of March streamflow to annual streamflow increases in most stations over 1,000?m elevation, with a baseflow index of less than 50, while absolute March streamflow does not increase in most stations. The declining trends of September absolute streamflow are strongly associated with seven-day low flow, JanuaryMarch maximum temperature trends, and the size of the basin (197,260 km2), while the increasing trends of the fraction of March streamflow are associated with elevation, April 1 snow water equivalent, March precipitation, center timing of streamflow, and OctoberDecember minimum temperature trends. Compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimated regression models, spatial error regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models effectively remove spatial autocorrelation in residuals. The GWR model results show spatial gradients of local R 2 values with consistently higher local R 2 values in the northern Cascades. This finding illustrates that different hydrologic landscape factors, such as geology and seasonal distribution of precipitation, also influence streamflow trends in the PNW. In addition, our spatial analysis model results show that considering various geographic factors help clarify the dynamics of streamflow trends over a large geographical area, supporting a spatial analysis approach over aspatial OLS-estimated regression models for predicting streamflow trends. Results indicate that transitional rainsnow surface water-dominated basins are likely to have reduced summer streamflow under warming scenarios. Consequently, a better understanding of the relationships among summer streamflow, precipitation, snowmelt, elevation, and geology can help water managers predict the response of regional summer streamflow to global warming. C1 [Chang, Heejun; Jung, Il-Won; Steele, Madeline] Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Chang, Heejun; Jung, Il-Won] Portland State Univ, Inst Sustainable Solut, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Gannett, Marshall] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Chang, HJ (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM changh@pdx.edu OI Gannett, Marshall/0000-0003-2498-2427 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-7363 J9 GEOGR ANAL JI Geogr. Anal. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 44 IS 3 BP 177 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x PG 25 WC Geography SC Geography GA 972JU UT WOS:000306274200002 ER PT J AU Berbesi, LA di Primio, R Anka, Z Horsfield, B Higley, DK AF Berbesi, Luiyin Alejandro di Primio, Rolando Anka, Zahie Horsfield, Brian Higley, Debra K. TI Source rock contributions to the Lower Cretaceous heavy oil accumulations in Alberta: A basin modeling study SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA; MANNVILLE GROUP; NORDEGG MEMBER; ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY; PALEOPORE PRESSURE; GORDONDALE MEMBER; SOUTHWESTERN PART; SHALE AB The origin of the immense oil sand deposits in Lower Cretaceous reservoirs of the Western Canada sedimentary basin is still a matter of debate, specifically with respect to the original in-place volumes and contributing source rocks. In this study, the contributions from the main source rocks were addressed using a three-dimensional petroleum system model calibrated to well data. A sensitivity analysis of source rock definition was performed in the case of the two main contributors, which are the Lower Jurassic Gordondale Member of the Fernie Group and the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Exshaw Formation. This sensitivity analysis included variations of assigned total organic carbon and hydrogen index for both source intervals, and in the case of the Exshaw Formation, variations of thickness in areas beneath the Rocky Mountains were also considered. All of the modeled source rocks reached the early or main oil generation stages by 60 Ma, before the onset of the Laramide orogeny. Reconstructed oil accumulations were initially modest because of limited trapping efficiency. This was improved by defining lateral stratigraphic seals within the carrier system. An additional sealing effect by biodegraded oil may have hindered the migration of petroleum in the northern areas, but not to the east of Athabasca. In the latter case, the main trapping controls are dominantly stratigraphic and structural. Our model, based on available data, identifies the Gordondale source rock as the contributor of more than 54% of the oil in the Athabasca and Peace River accumulations, followed by minor amounts from Exshaw (15%) and other Devonian to Lower Jurassic source rocks. The proposed strong contribution of petroleum from the Exshaw Formation source rock to the Athabasca oil sands is only reproduced by assuming 25 m (82 ft) of mature Exshaw in the kitchen areas, with original total organic carbon of 9% or more. C1 [Berbesi, Luiyin Alejandro; di Primio, Rolando; Anka, Zahie; Horsfield, Brian] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Higley, Debra K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anka, Zahie] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Young Investigators Grp, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Berbesi, LA (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM berbesi@gfz-potsdam.de; dipri@gfz-potsdam.de; zahie@gfz-potsdam.de; horsf@gfz-potsdam.de; higley@usgs.gov OI Anka, Zahie/0000-0002-4658-9354 FU GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) German Research Centre for Geosciences; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund FX We thank the GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum) German Research Centre for Geosciences and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for support and permission to publish. Z. Anka is the head of the Helmholtz-University Young Investigator Group funded by the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund. This article has benefited from reviews of Stuart D. Harker, Steve Larter, and Kenneth Peters. Their comments and suggestions helped improve the quality of the final manuscript. Michael D. Lewan (USGS) is also acknowledged for his comments and discussions on source rock geochemistry and the source rock definition applied in this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 75 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1234 DI 10.1306/11141111064 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 972GS UT WOS:000306265900003 ER PT J AU Shim, MJ Swarzenski, PW Shiller, AM AF Shim, Moo-Joon Swarzenski, Peter W. Shiller, Alan M. TI Dissolved and colloidal trace elements in the Mississippi River delta outflow after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River; Trace elements; Nutrients; Hurricane Katrina; Louisiana Shelf; Colloidal Fe ID CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SURFACE WATERS; CONSERVATIVE BEHAVIOR; METALS CD; NORTH-SEA; ICP-MS; ESTUARY; SEAWATER; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The Mississippi River delta outflow region is periodically disturbed by tropical weather systems including major hurricanes, which can terminate seasonal bottom water hypoxia and cause the resuspension of shelf bottom sediments which could result in the injection of trace elements into the water column. In the summer of 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita passed over the Louisiana Shelf within a month of each other. Three weeks after Rita, we collected water samples in the Mississippi River delta outflow, examining the distributions of trace elements to study the effect of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. We observed limited stratification on the shelf and bottom waters that were no longer hypoxic. This resulted, for instance, in bottom water dissolved Mn being lower than is typically observed during hypoxia, but with concentrations still compatible with Mn-O-2 trends previously reported. Interestingly, for no element were we able to identify an obvious effect of sediment resuspension on its distribution. In general, elemental distributions were compatible with previous observations in the Mississippi outflow system. Co and Re, which have not been reported for this system previously, showed behavior consistent with other systems: input for Co likely from desorption and conservative mixing for Re. For Cs, an element for which there is little information regarding its estuarine behavior, conservative mixing was also observed. Our filtration method, which allowed us to distinguish the dissolved (< 0.02 mu m) from colloidal (0.02-0.45 mu m) phase, revealed significant colloidal fractions for Fe and Zn, only. For Fe, the colloidal phase was the dominant fraction and was rapidly removed at low salinity. Dissolved Fe, in contrast, persisted out to mid-salinities, being removed in a similar fashion to nitrate. This ability to distinguish the smaller Fe (likely dominantly organically complexed) from larger colloidal suspensates may be useful in better interpreting the bioavailablity of the Fe in estuarine systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shim, Moo-Joon; Shiller, Alan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Shiller, AM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM alan.shiller@usm.edu OI Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0728775]; Northern Gulf Institute [06-USM-03] FX We thank Lyndsie Un and Jinggang Dong for their work at sea and in the lab. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE0728775) and the Northern Gulf Institute (06-USM-03). PWS thanks the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program for continued support. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 42 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.03.007 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967PY UT WOS:000305921500001 ER PT J AU Warner, JC Armstrong, B Sylvester, CS Voulgaris, G Nelson, T Schwab, WC Denny, JF AF Warner, John C. Armstrong, Brandy Sylvester, Charlene S. Voulgaris, George Nelson, Tim Schwab, William C. Denny, Jane F. TI Storm-induced inner-continental shelf circulation and sediment transport: Long Bay, South Carolina SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Long Bay; South Carolina; Storm fronts ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CURRENTS AB Long Bay is a sediment-starved, arcuate embayment located along the US East Coast connecting both South and North Carolina. In this region the rates and pathways of sediment transport are important because they determine the availability of sediments for beach nourishment, seafloor habitat, and navigation. The impact of storms on sediment transport magnitude and direction were investigated during the period October 2003-April 2004 using bottom mounted flow meters, acoustic backscatter sensors and rotary sonars deployed at eight sites offshore of Myrtle Beach, SC, to measure currents, water levels, surface waves, salinity, temperature, suspended sediment concentrations, and bedform morphology. Measurements identify that sediment mobility is caused by waves and wind driven currents from three predominant types of storm patterns that pass through this region: (1) cold fronts, (2) warm fronts and (3) low-pressure storms. The passage of a cold front is accompanied by a rapid change in wind direction from primarily northeastward to southwestward. The passage of a warm front is accompanied by an opposite change in wind direction from mainly southwestward to northeastward. Low-pressure systems passing offshore are accompanied by a change in wind direction from southwestward to southeastward as the offshore storm moves from south to north. During the passage of cold fronts more sediment is transported when winds are northeastward and directed onshore than when the winds are directed offshore, creating a net sediment flux to the northeast. Likewise, even though the warm front has an opposite wind pattern, net sediment flux is typically to the north-east due to the larger fetch when the winds are northeastward and directed onshore. During the passage of low-pressure systems strong winds, waves, and currents to the south are sustained creating a net sediment flux southwestward. During the 3-month deployment a total of 8 cold fronts, 10 warm fronts, and 10 low-pressure systems drove a net sediment flux southwestward. Analysis of a 12-year data record from a local buoy shows an average of 41 cold fronts, 32 warm fronts, and 26 low-pressure systems per year. The culmination of these events would yield a cumulative net inner-continental shelf transport to the south-west, a trend that is further verified by sediment textural analysis and bedform morphology on the inner-continental shelf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warner, John C.; Armstrong, Brandy; Sylvester, Charlene S.; Schwab, William C.; Denny, Jane F.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Voulgaris, George; Nelson, Tim] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 FU South Carolina Coastal Erosion Project; US Geological Survey; South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium [R/CP-11] FX A collaborative effort with the US Geological Survey, the University of South Carolina, and Georgia Institute of Technology Savannah conducted three cruises aboard the R/V Dan Moore, owned and operated by Cape Fear Community College, to deploy and recover individual instruments on 26 moorings to obtain this data set. This research was funded by the South Carolina Coastal Erosion Project (http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3041/), a cooperative study supported by the US Geological Survey and the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (Sea Grant Project no: R/CP-11). NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 42 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.05.001 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 967PY UT WOS:000305921500006 ER PT J AU Howle, JF Bawden, GW Schweickeret, RA Finkel, RC Hunter, LE Rose, RS von Twistern, B AF Howle, James F. Bawden, Gerald W. Schweickeret, Richard A. Finkel, Robert C. Hunter, Lewis E. Rose, Ronn S. von Twistern, Brent TI Airborne LiDAR analysis and geochronology of faulted glacial moraines in the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone reveal substantial seismic hazards in the Lake Tahoe region, California-Nevada, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; MONO BASIN; CHRONOLOGY; EARTHQUAKES; RANGE; SIMULATIONS; MAGNITUDE; EXTENSION; RUPTURE; NORTH AB We integrated high-resolution bare-earth airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagery with field observations and modern geochronology to characterize the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone, which forms the neotectonic boundary between the Sierra Nevada and the Basin and Range Province west of Lake Tahoe. The LiDAR imagery clearly delineates active normal faults that have displaced late Pleistocene glacial moraines and Holocene alluvium along 30 km of linear, right-stepping range front of the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone. Herein, we illustrate and describe the tectonic geomorphology of faulted lateral moraines. We have developed new, three-dimensional modeling techniques that utilize the high-resolution LiDAR data to determine tectonic displacements of moraine crests and alluvium. The statistically robust displacement models combined with new ages of the displaced Tioga (20.8 +/- 1.4 ka) and Tahoe (69.2 +/- 4.8 ka; 73.2 +/- 8.7 ka) moraines are used to estimate the minimum vertical separation rate at 17 sites along the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone. Near the northern end of the study area, the minimum vertical separation rate is 1.5 +/- 0.4 mm/yr, which represents a two-to threefold increase in estimates of seismic moment for the Lake Tahoe basin. From this study, we conclude that potential earthquake moment magnitudes (M-w) range from 6.3 +/- 0.25 to 6.9 +/- 0.25. A close spatial association of landslides and active faults suggests that landslides have been seismically triggered. Our study underscores that the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone poses substantial seismic and landslide hazards. C1 [Howle, James F.] US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Schweickeret, Richard A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hunter, Lewis E.; Rose, Ronn S.] USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Howle, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 1360, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA. EM jfhowle@usgs.gov; gbawden@usgs.gov; rschweickert@gmail.com; rfinkel@berkeley.edu; lewis.e.hunter@usace.army.mil; ronn.s.rose@usace.army.mil; bvtwist@journeyaroundhappy.com FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Dam Safety Assurance Program FX This study was funded, in part, by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Dam Safety Assurance Program. JFH would like to thank Keith Kelson for his input during preparation of an early version of this paper. We are grateful for constructive colleague reviews by James Lienkaemper, Kenneth Hudnut, Andrew Cyr, and peer reviews by Arthur Sylvester and an anonymous reviewer, all of which improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 124 IS 7-8 BP 1087 EP 1101 DI 10.1130/B30598.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 966YD UT WOS:000305872400004 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Hatten, JA Pasternack, GB Gray, AB Goni, MA Wheatcroft, RA AF Warrick, J. A. Hatten, J. A. Pasternack, G. B. Gray, A. B. Goni, M. A. Wheatcroft, R. A. TI The effects of wildfire on the sediment yield of a coastal California watershed SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; EROSION; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; DELIVERY; OCEAN; BASIN AB The occurrence of two wildfires separated by 31 yr in the chaparral-dominated Arroyo Seco watershed (293 km(2)) of California provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of wildfire on suspended-sediment yield. Here, we compile discharge and suspended-sediment sampling data from before and after the fires and show that the effects of the postfire responses differed markedly. The 1977 Marble Cone wildfire was followed by an exceptionally wet winter, which resulted in concentrations and fluxes of both fine and coarse suspended sediment that were similar to 35 times greater than average (sediment yield during the 1978 water year was 11,000 t/km(2)/yr). We suggest that the combined 1977-1978 fire and flood had a recurrence interval of greater than 1000 yr. In contrast, the 2008 Basin Complex wildfire was followed by a drier than normal year, and although suspended-sediment fluxes and concentrations were significantly elevated compared to those expected for unburned conditions, the sediment yield during the 2009 water year was less than 1% of the post Marble Cone wildfire yield. After the first postfire winters, sediment concentrations and yield decreased with time toward prefire relationships and continued to have significant rainfall dependence. We hypothesize that the differences in sediment yield were related to precipitation-enhanced hillslope erosion processes, such as rilling and mass movements. The millennial-scale effects of wildfire on sediment yield were explored further using Monte Carlo simulations, and these analyses suggest that infrequent wildfires followed by floods increase long-term suspended-sediment fluxes markedly. Thus, we suggest that the current approach of estimating sediment yield from sediment rating curves and discharge data without including periodic perturbations from wildfires may grossly underestimate actual sediment yields. C1 [Warrick, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hatten, J. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pasternack, G. B.; Gray, A. B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goni, M. A.; Wheatcroft, R. A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov RI Hatten, Jeff/E-7742-2010; Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014; Pasternack, Gregory/B-8619-2012; OI Hatten, Jeff/0000-0002-1685-6351; Pasternack, Gregory/0000-0002-1977-4175; Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064 FU National Science Foundation [0628487]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX This work was supported through a National Science Foundation award number 0628487, "Collaborative Research: Delivery and Burial of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) on Ocean Margins Dominated by Small, Mountainous Rivers: The Role of Effective Discharge," and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We are extremely thankful for the USGS river sampling programs that sustained river gauges and collected and analyzed suspended-sediment samples. Without these programs, this paper would not have been possible. Sampling assistance was provided by Beth Watson, Reyna Maestas, Roxanne Hastings, and Tommaso Tesi. Boarding during sampling programs was generously provided by the Elkhorn Slough Foundation. Laboratory assistance was provided by Beth Watson, Sarah Greve, Peter Barnes, Duyen Ho, Yvan Alleau, and Erik Mulrooney. This manuscript was improved by comments and suggestions from Joan Florsheim, Daniel Malmon, Amy Draut, Kevin Schmidt, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 37 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 124 IS 7-8 BP 1130 EP 1146 DI 10.1130/B30451.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 966YD UT WOS:000305872400007 ER PT J AU Meng, R Dennison, PE Jamison, LR van Riper, C Nagler, P Hultine, KR Bean, DW Dudley, T AF Meng, Ran Dennison, Philip E. Jamison, Levi R. van Riper, Charles, III Nagler, Pamela Hultine, Kevin R. Bean, Dan W. Dudley, Tom TI Detection of Tamarisk Defoliation by the Northern Tamarisk Beetle Based on Multitemporal Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper Imagery SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SALTCEDAR LEAF BEETLE; ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RED-ATTACK DAMAGE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; FOREST DISTURBANCE; TASSELED CAP; EPISODIC DEFOLIATION; SPP. AB The spread of tamarisk (Tamarix spp., also known as saltcedar) is a significant ecological disturbance in western North America and has long been targeted for control, leading to the importation of the northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) as a biological control agent. Following its initial release along the Colorado River near Moab, Utah in 2004, the beetle has successfully established and defoliated tamarisk across much of the upper Colorado River Basin. However, the spatial distribution and seasonal timing of defoliation are complex and difficult to quantify over large areas. To address this challenge, we tested and compared two remote sensing approaches to mapping tamarisk defoliation: Disturbance Index (DI) and a decision tree method called Random Forest (RF). Based on multitemporal Landsat 5 TM imagery for 2006-2010, changes in DI and defoliation probability from RF were calculated to detect tamarisk defoliation along the banks of Green, Colorado, Dolores and San Juan rivers within the Colorado Plateau area. Defoliation mapping accuracy was assessed based on field surveys partitioned into 10 km sections of river and on regions of interest created for continuous riparian vegetation. The DI method detected 3711 ha of defoliated area in 2007, 7350 ha in 2008, 10,457 ha in 2009 and 5898 ha in 2010. The RF method detected much smaller areas of defoliation but proved to have higher accuracy, as demonstrated by accuracy assessment and sensitivity analysis, with 784 ha in 2007, 960 ha in 2008, 934 ha in 2009, and 1008 ha in 2010. Results indicate that remote sensing approaches are likely to be useful for studying spatiotemporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation as the tamarisk leaf beetle spreads throughout the western United States. C1 [Meng, Ran; Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jamison, Levi R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III; Nagler, Pamela] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Hultine, Kevin R.] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Bean, Dan W.] Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. [Dudley, Tom] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Meng, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 S Cent Campus Dr,Room 270, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Ran.Meng@utah.edu OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 FU U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center FX The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of the Tamarisk Coalition for collecting and compiling the field survey data. The U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center provided financial support for aspects of this study. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 510 EP 537 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.49.4.510 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 970HH UT WOS:000306118500003 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Diniega, S Hansen, CJ Byrne, S McEwen, AS AF Dundas, Colin M. Diniega, Serina Hansen, Candice J. Byrne, Shane McEwen, Alfred S. TI Seasonal activity and morphological changes in martian gullies SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Mars, Climate; Geological processes; Ices ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; LIQUID WATER; DEBRIS FLOWS; MARS; SURFACE; ICE; CONSTRAINTS; DEPOSITS; CRATER; EROSION AB Recent studies of martian dune and non-dune gullies have suggested a seasonal control on present-day gully activity. The timing of current gully activity, especially activity involving the formation or modification of channels (which commonly have been taken as evidence of fluvial processes), has important implications regarding likely gully formation processes and necessary environmental conditions. In this study, we describe the results of frequent meter-scale monitoring of several active gully sites by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The aim is to better assess the scope and nature of current morphological changes and to provide improved constraints on timing of gully activity on both dune and non-dune slopes. Our observations indicate that (1) gully formation on Mars is ongoing today and (2) the most significant morphological changes are strongly associated with seasonal frost and defrosting activity. Observed changes include formation of all major components of typical gully landforms, although we have not observed alcove formation in coherent bedrock. These results reduce the need to invoke recent climate change or present-day groundwater seepage to explain the many martian gullies with pristine appearance. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Diniega, Serina] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hansen, Candice J.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Byrne, Shane; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; NASA; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project FX The first two authors contributed equally to this paper. S.D. was supported in this research by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The other authors were supported by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Project. Mathieu Vincendon and an anonymous referee provided helpful reviews that improved the final version of this paper. Chris Okubo, Ken Tanaka and Laszlo Kestay also provided helpful comments. We thank the HiRISE operations team for acquiring the outstanding images used in this study, and the CTX team for suggesting several sites of possible gully activity for HiRISE imaging. NR 80 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2012 VL 220 IS 1 BP 124 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.005 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 970QD UT WOS:000306146500013 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Mullins, TD Parrish, JW Walters, JR Haig, SM AF Miller, Mark P. Mullins, Thomas D. Parrish, John W., Jr. Walters, Jeffrey R. Haig, Susan M. TI Variation in Migratory Behavior Influences Regional Genetic Diversity and Structure among American Kestrel Populations (Falco sparverius) in North America SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Falco sparverius; North America; partial migration; subspecies ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SOUTH-CENTRAL GEORGIA; TRANSMISSION TOWERS; MICROSATELLITE DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; AVIAN MIGRATION; BIRD MIGRATION; SITE FIDELITY; EVOLUTION AB Birds employ numerous strategies to cope with seasonal fluctuations in high-quality habitat availability. Long distance migration is a common tactic; however, partial migration is especially common among broadly distributed species. Under partial migration systems, a portion of a species migrates, whereas the remainder inhabits breeding grounds year round. In this study, we identified effects of migratory behavior variation on genetic structure and diversity of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), a widespread partial migrant in North America. American Kestrels generally migrate; however, a resident group inhabits the southeastern United States year round. The southeastern group is designated as a separate subspecies (F. s. paulus) from the migratory group (F. s. sparverius). Using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites from 183 and 211 individuals, respectively, we illustrate that genetic structure is stronger among nonmigratory populations, with differentiation measures ranging from 0.060 to 0.189 depending on genetic marker and analysis approach. In contrast, measures from western North American populations ranged from 0 to 0.032. These findings suggest that seasonal migratory behavior is also associated with natal and breeding dispersal tendencies. We likewise detected significantly lower genetic diversity within nonmigratory populations, reflecting the greater influence of genetic drift in small populations. We identified the signal of population expansion among nonmigratory populations, consistent with the recent establishment of higher latitude breeding locations following Pleistocene glacial retreat. Differentiation of F. s. paulus and F. s. sparverius reflected subtle differences in allele frequencies. Because migratory behavior can evolve quickly, our analyses suggest recent origins of migratory American Kestrel populations in North America. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Parrish, John W., Jr.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Environmental Resources Network; Georgia Southern University; Sandhills Ecological Institute FX USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Environmental Resources Network; Georgia Southern University; and Sandhills Ecological Institute. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 61 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 103 IS 4 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1093/jhered/ess024 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 973NN UT WOS:000306367000004 PM 22563129 ER PT J AU Walsh, DP Wolfe, LL Vieira, MEP Miller, MW AF Walsh, Daniel P. Wolfe, Lisa L. Vieira, Mark E. P. Miller, Michael W. TI DETECTION PROBABILITY AND PASTEURELLACEAE SURVEILLANCE IN BIGHORN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bacterial culture; Bibersteinia spp.; bighorn sheep; detection probability; Mannheimia spp.; Ovis canadensis; Pasteurellaceae; respiratory disease ID OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PNEUMONIA; STRAINS; INFECTION; GLUCOSIDA; RUMINALIS; DISEASE AB We investigated the influence of detection probability (i.e., the probability of detecting the disease or organism of interest) on the repeatability of results reported from bacterial culture tests used to demonstrate the presence of species in the Pasteurellaceae family that infect bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). We also estimated occupancy probabilities (i.e., the probability an individual bighorn in a herd is infected) for each cultured biovariant and examined the effects of detection probability on the number of samples needed to detect the Pasteurellaceae biovariants from within an individual sheep as well as from within a herd. We collected 5-15 samples from free-ranging bighorns in Colorado, using oropharyngeal swabs or swabs of lungs, and submitted these swabs either immediately or after 2 days for bacterial culture. We saw significant variability in results for repeated samples from each of the sheep, and detection probabilities were <= 0.71 for all Pasteurellaceae biovariants cultured. The delayed (>= 2 days) sample submission reduced both the microbial diversity detected and the detection probability for the biovariants characterized when compared to samples submitted immediately. Oropharyngeal sampling had higher detection probabilities of the individual biovariants than did lung swabs, and there was a difference in the biovariants detected between oropharyngeal and lung sampling. Depending on the biovariant of interest, estimates of occupancy probabilities ranged from 0.37-0.89, and we estimated that three to >30 swab samples were necessary to obtain a 95% confidence of detecting the cultured biovariants if they were present in an individual sheep. We estimated that the optimal sample sizes to detect the observed biovariants within a sheep herd with a 95% confidence ranged from sampling two bighorns twice to sampling 40 individuals once. Detection probability impacts the results reported from bacterial cultures for Pasteurellaceae in bighorn sheep, and confounding effects of the detection process should be addressed to improve the rigor of surveillance. C1 [Walsh, Daniel P.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Vieira, Mark E. P.; Miller, Michael W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Walsh, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dwalsh@usgs.gov OI Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife FX We thank Colorado Parks and Wildlife (formerly Division of Wildlife) for funding this research. We thank D. Heisey for helpful discussions and suggestions during analyses. We also recognize the contributions of the following individuals with field and laboratory assistance: S. Craig, C. Morgan, M. Leslie, I. Levan, K. Fox, G. Weiser, and L. Lasher. We additionally recognize other Colorado Parks and Wildlife personnel and volunteers that aided with sampling and capture work. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 593 EP 602 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600008 PM 22740525 ER PT J AU van Hemert, C Handel, CM O'Hara, TM AF van Hemert, Caroline Handel, Colleen M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI EVIDENCE OF ACCELERATED BEAK GROWTH ASSOCIATED WITH AVIAN KERATIN DISORDER IN BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES (POECILE ATRICAPILLUS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian keratin disorder; Black-capped Chickadee; beak; deformity; disease; rhamphotheca ID BIRDS; BILL; DEFORMITIES; MORPHOLOGY; DISEASE AB We recently documented an epizootic of beak deformities in more than 2,000 Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and other wild bird species in North America. This emerging avian disease, which has been termed avian keratin disorder, results in gross overgrowth of the rhamphotheca, the outer, keratinized layer of the beak. To test the hypothesis that the beak deformities characteristic of this disorder are associated with accelerated keratin production, we measured rates of beak growth and wear in affected Black-capped Chickadees (n = 16) and a control sample of unaffected chickadees (n=14) collected from south-central (61 degrees 09'-61 degrees 38'N, 149 degrees 11'-149 degrees 48'W) and interior Alaska (64 degrees 51'-64 degrees 53'N, 147 degrees 49'-147 degrees 59'W). Rates of absolute growth were 50-100% higher in affected birds than they were in control birds and exceeded records from other passerine species. These results suggest that abnormally rapid epidermal growth is the primary physical mechanism by which beak deformities develop and are maintained in affected chickadees. Although beak overgrowth typically worsened over time, differential patterns of wear influenced the severity and morphology of deformities. In some cases, the effects of accelerated keratin growth were partially mitigated by frequent breakage of rhamphothecal tips. However, mortalities occurred in 9 of 16 birds (56%) with beak deformities during the study, suggesting that avian keratin disorder results in severe health consequences for affected birds. Additional study of factors that control beak keratin production is needed to understand the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease in wild birds. C1 [van Hemert, Caroline; Handel, Colleen M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [van Hemert, Caroline; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP van Hemert, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cvanhemert@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU National Science Foundation; Angus Gavin Memorial Migratory Bird Research Grant; US Geological Survey; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466] FX We thank L. Pajot for her help with bird captures and genetic analyses. J. Blake, C. Terzi, J. Jack, and C. Willetto provided animal care and veterinary oversight. J. Terenzi and M. Pajot offered technical and field assistance. C.V.H. received funding from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and an Angus Gavin Memorial Migratory Bird Research Grant. Other sources Of financial support were provided by the US Geological Survey and the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; Grant 5P20RR016466 to T.M.O,). D. O'Brien, T. Lee, S. Nash, D. Rintoul, R. Botzler, and two anonymous reviewers offered comments that improved this manuscript. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 686 EP 694 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600017 PM 22740534 ER PT J AU Jacobson, ER Berry, KH Wellehan, JFX Origgi, F Childress, AL Braun, J Schrenze, M Yee, J Rideout, B AF Jacobson, Elliott R. Berry, Kristin H. Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Origgi, Francesco Childress, April L. Braun, Josephine Schrenze, Mark Yee, Julie Rideout, Bruce TI SEROLOGIC AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR TESTUDINID HERPESVIRUS 2 INFECTION IN WILD AGASSIZ'S DESERT TORTOISES, GOPHERUS AGASSIZII SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Agassiz's desert tortoise; Gopherus agassizii; Testudinid Herpesvirus 2; Testudinid Herpesvirus 3; tongue ID FREE-RANGING DESERT; MOJAVE DESERT; CALIFORNIA; DISEASE; PCR; MYCOPLASMA; SEQUENCES; TURTLES; TISSUES; GRAECA AB Following field observations of wild Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with oral lesions similar to those seen in captive tortoises with herpesvirus infection, we measured the prevalence of antibodies to Testudinid herpesvirus (TeHV) 3 in wild populations of desert tortoises in California. The survey revealed 30.9% antibody prevalence. In 2009 and 2010, two wild adult male desert tortoises, with gross lesions consistent with trauma and puncture wounds, respectively, were necropsied. Tortoise 1 was from the central Mojave Desert and tortoise 2 was from the northeastern Mojave Desert. We extracted DNA from the tongue of tortoise 1 and from the tongue and nasal mucosa of tortoise 2. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products of the herpesviral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene and the UL39 gene respectively showed 100% nucleotide identity with TeHV2, which was previously detected in an ill captive desert tortoise in California. Although several cases of herpesvirus infection have been described in captive desert tortoises, our findings represent the first conclusive molecular evidence of TeHV2 infection in wild desert tortoises. The serologic findings support cross-reactivity between TeHV2 and TeHV3. Further studies to determine the ecology, prevalence, and clinical significance of this virus in tortoise populations are needed. C1 [Jacobson, Elliott R.; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.; Childress, April L.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92518 USA. [Origgi, Francesco] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth FIWI, ITPA, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Braun, Josephine; Schrenze, Mark; Rideout, Bruce] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Wildlife Dis Labs, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Jacobson, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, POB 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM jacobsone@ufl.edu OI Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 FU Bureau of Land Management; California Department of Fish and Game; Department of Defense (Army, Marine Corps); US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Furman, B. Sparks, and K. Field for salvage, as well as K. Anderson, T. Bailey, and P. Woodman for drawing blood at health clinics and field sites. We thank J. Novak and T. Thorsen for assistance at clinics. We appreciate comments from reviewers and assistance of H. Schneider for technical help. We thank Bruce Homer for assistance with necropsies on desert tortoises. Research on tortoises from California was supported by the Bureau of Land Management, California Department of Fish and Game, Department of Defense (Army, Marine Corps), and US Geological Survey. Necropsy of the Nevada tortoise was supported in part by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. K.H.B. held permits for salvage, necropsies, and blood samples of tortoises from California from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Caine. R. Averill-Murray and the Zoological Society of San Diego held permits for salvage and necropsy of Nevada tortoises from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. K. Field held appropriate permits from the US Bureau of Land Management in Nevada. Necropsy of tortoises from California was approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocols A769 and 201101375). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 747 EP 757 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600024 PM 22740541 ER PT J AU Bowser, PR Casey, JW Casey, RN Quackenbush, SL Lofton, L Coll, JA Cipriano, RC AF Bowser, Paul R. Casey, James W. Casey, Rufina N. Quackenbush, Sandra L. Lofton, Larry Coll, John A. Cipriano, Rocco C. TI Swimbladder Leiomyosarcoma in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; epidemic; leiomyosarcoma; neoplasia; retrovirus ID DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB Leiomyosarcoma with associated retrovirus were found in North America for the first time in adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in a quarantine facility at the North Attleboro National Fish Hatchery (NANFH), Massachusetts, USA. The fish had been collected as age 1-2 yr animals from the Pleasant River, Maine, and were to be used as brood stock in a population augmentation program for that river. Neoplastic disease was observed at NANFH initially in older (age 4 yr) fish, followed by age 3 yr fish. Disease was not observed in age 2 yr fish. The mortality pattern was chronic. C1 [Bowser, Paul R.; Casey, James W.; Casey, Rufina N.; Quackenbush, Sandra L.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Quackenbush, Sandra L.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lofton, Larry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Attleboro Natl Fish Hatchery, N Attleboro, MA 02760 USA. [Coll, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Sect, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Cipriano, Rocco C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Dept Interior, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bowser, PR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM prb4@cornell.edu FU Region 3; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA86RG0056]; USDA FX This work was funded in part through a contract with Region 3, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award NA86RG0056 to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York for New York Sea Grant. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. This work was also funded in part by USDA Hatch Funds administered by the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank the personnel of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Attleboro National Fish Hatchery for their assistance in the conduct of field studies at that location. Several of the photographs depicting gross pathology were provided by K. Selmer-Larsen. We thank J. M. Cramer, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, for immunohistochemistry testing. We are also grateful to M. Opitz, Maine Cooperative Extension Service and the personnel of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery for collection of field samples in Maine. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600032 PM 22740549 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Ruthrauff, DR Hall, JS AF Pearce, John M. Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Paired Serologic and Polymerase Chain Reaction Analyses of Avian Influenza Prevalence in Alaskan Shorebirds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; COAST AB Surveillance has revealed low prevalence of avian influenza viruses (ATV) in shorebirds except Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) on the North American Atlantic coast. Similarly, of five species of shorebirds surveyed in Alaska in 2010, Ruddy Turnstones had the highest AIV antibody prevalence; prevalence of AIV RNA was low or zero. C1 [Pearce, John M.; Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jpearce@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 812 EP 814 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 972GF UT WOS:000306264600037 PM 22740554 ER PT J AU Peters, JL Bolender, KA Pearce, JM AF Peters, Jeffrey L. Bolender, Kimberly A. Pearce, John M. TI Behavioural vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: the role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coalescent; gene flow; mitochondrial DNA; monophyletic; nuclear DNA; waterfowl ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMMON MERGANSERS; GENE FLOW; MULTILOCUS PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; ANCIENT HYBRIDIZATION; AVIAN PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; MERGUS-MERGANSER; NORTH-AMERICA AB Genetic studies of waterfowl (Anatidae) have observed the full spectrum of mitochondrial (mt) DNA population divergence, from apparent panmixia to deep, reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Yet, these studies often found weak or no nuclear (nu) DNA structure, which was often attributed to male-biased gene flow, a common behaviour within this family. An alternative explanation for this conflict is that the smaller effective population size and faster sorting rate of mtDNA relative to nuDNA lead to different signals of population structure. We tested these alternatives by sequencing 12 nuDNA introns for a Holarctic pair of waterfowl subspecies, the European goosander (Mergus merganser merganser) and the North American common merganser (M. m. americanus), which exhibit strong population structure in mtDNA. We inferred effective population sizes, gene flow and divergence times from published mtDNA sequences and simulated expected differentiation for nuDNA based on those histories. Between Europe and North America, nuDNA Phi(ST) was 3.4-fold lower than mtDNA Phi(ST), a result consistent with differences in sorting rates. However, despite geographically structured and monophyletic mtDNA lineages within continents, nuDNA Phi(ST) values were generally zero and significantly lower than predicted. This between- and within-continent contrast held when comparing mtDNA and nuDNA among published studies of ducks. Thus, male-mediated gene flow is a better explanation than slower sorting rates for limited nuDNA differentiation within continents, which is also supported by nonmolecular data. This study illustrates the value of quantitatively testing discrepancies between mtDNA and nuDNA to reject the null hypothesis that conflict simply reflects different sorting rates. C1 [Peters, Jeffrey L.; Bolender, Kimberly A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Peters, JL (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM jeffrey.peters@wright.edu RI Peters, Jeffrey/I-5116-2012 FU Department of Biology at Wright State University; USGS Alaska Science Center; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0926162, DEB-0844462]; North American Sea Duck Joint Venture FX We thank the numerous individuals and agencies that donated samples to this study. Research support was provided by the Department of Biology at Wright State University, North American Sea Duck Joint Venture, the USGS Alaska Science Center and the National Science Foundation (NSF; DEB-0926162). KAB was supported by a Research Experience for Undergraduate Supplement from NSF (DEB-0844462). We thank KG McCracken, SA Sonsthagen and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on this manu-script. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 14 BP 3562 EP 3575 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 969VI UT WOS:000306087100016 PM 22582867 ER PT J AU Hanna, C Foote, D Kremen, C AF Hanna, Cause Foote, David Kremen, Claire TI Short- and long-term control of Vespula pensylvanica in Hawaii by fipronil baiting SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social wasps; Vespula pensylvanica; invasive species; fipronil; insecticidal bait; Hawaii ID YELLOWJACKETS HYMENOPTERA; SOCIAL WASP; GERMANICA HYMENOPTERA; HEPTYL BUTYRATE; ARGENTINE ANT; UNITED-STATES; VESPIDAE; BEHAVIOR; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS AB BACKGROUND: The invasive western yellowjacket wasp, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), has significantly impacted the ecological integrity and human welfare of Hawaii. The goals of the present study were (1) to evaluate the immediate and long-term efficacy of a 0.1% fipronil chicken bait on V. pensylvanica populations in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, (2) to quantify gains in efficacy using the attractant heptyl butyrate in the bait stations and (3) to measure the benefits of this approach for minimizing non-target impacts to other arthropods. RESULTS: The 0.1% fipronil chicken bait reduced the abundance of V. pensylvanica by 95 +/- 1.2% during the 3 months following treatment and maintained a population reduction of 60.9 +/- 3.1% a year after treatment in the fipronil-treated sites when compared with chicken-only sites. The addition of heptyl butyrate to the bait stations significantly increased V. pensylvanica forager visitation and bait take and significantly reduced the non-target impacts of fipronil baiting. CONCLUSION: In this study, 0.1% fipronil chicken bait with the addition of heptyl butyrate was found to be an extremely effective large-scale management strategy and provided the first evidence of a wasp suppression program impacting Vepsula populations a year after treatment. Copyright (c) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Hanna, Cause; Kremen, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foote, David] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Hanna, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM channa@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [DGE 1106400]; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; US Geological Survey FX Superintendent Cindy Orlando and the staff of the Division of Natural Resources Management at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park provided logistical support for this project. C Gagorik, E Raboin and crews of seasonal interns assisted with field and laboratory work. D Gruner provided helpful suggestions on an earlier draft. The authors also thank P Banko, J Beggs and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE 1106400). Funding was provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center and the Natural Resources Protection Program of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1002/ps.3262 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 956DT UT WOS:000305070800009 PM 22392920 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Shortle, WC David, MB Smith, KT Warby, RAF Lapenis, AG AF Lawrence, Gregory B. Shortle, Walter C. David, Mark B. Smith, Kevin T. Warby, Richard A. F. Lapenis, Andrei G. TI Early Indications of Soil Recovery from Acidic Deposition in US Red Spruce Forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HUBBARD-BROOK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; CALCIUM ADDITION; WINTER INJURY; PICEA-RUBENS; CHEMISTRY AB Forty to fifty percent decreases in acidic deposition through the 1980s and 1990s led to partial recovery of acidified surface waters in the northeastern United States; however, the limited number of studies that have assessed soil change found increased soil acidification during this period. From existing data, it's not clear whether soils continued to worsen in the 1990s or if recovery had begun. To evaluate possible changes in soils through the 1990s, soils in six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, first sampled in 1992 to 1993, were resampled in 2003 to 2004. The Oa-horizon pH increased (P < 0.01) at three sites, was marginally higher (P < 0.1) at one site, and lower (P < 0.05) at the New York site. Total C concentrations in Oa horizons decreased (P < 0.05) at sites where the pH increased, but the cause is uncertain. Exchangeable Al concentrations in Oa horizons decreased (P < 0.05) 20 to 40% at all sites except New York, which showed no change. The Al decrease can be attributed to decreased deposition of SO42-, which decreased the mobility of Al throughout the upper soil profile. Results indicate a nascent recovery driven largely by vegetation processes. C1 [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [David, Mark B.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Warby, Richard A. F.] Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Lapenis, Andrei G.] SUNY Albany, Dep Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM glawrenc@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; USDA Forest Service FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and USDA Forest Service. Helpful comments on the manuscript were provided by Scott Bailey. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1417 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0415 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900028 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Monteith, KL Klaver, RW Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Monteith, Kevin L. Klaver, Robert W. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Predator evasion by white-tailed deer fawns SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE antipredator behaviour; behavioural flexibility; coyote; fawn; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MULE DEER; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; MORTALITY; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; RISK; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE AB Despite their importance for understanding predatoreprey interactions, factors that affect predator evasion behaviours of offspring of large ungulates are poorly understood. Our objective was to characterize the influence of selection and availability of escape cover and maternal presence on predator evasion by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, fawns in the northern Great Plains, U. S. A. We observed 45 coyote, Canis latrans, chases of fawns, and we participated in 83 human chases of fawns during 2007-2009, of which, 19 and 42 chases, respectively, ended with capture of the fawn. Evasive techniques used by fawns were similar for human and coyote chases. Likelihood of a white-tailed deer fawn escaping capture, however, was influenced by deer group size and a number of antipredator behaviours, including aggressive defence by females, initial habitat and selection of escape cover, all of which were modified by the presence of parturient females. At the initiation of a chase, fawns in grasslands were more likely to escape, whereas fawns in forested cover, cultivated land or wheat were more likely to be captured by a coyote or human. Fawns fleeing to wetlands and grasslands also were less likely to be captured compared with those choosing forested cover, wheat and cultivated land. Increased probability of capture was associated with greater distance to wetland and grassland habitats and decreased distance to wheat. Use of wetland habitat as a successful antipredator strategy highlights the need for a greater understanding of the importance of habitat complexity in predator avoidance. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B,NPB 138, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 7530]; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at University of Wyoming; United States Geological Survey; Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund FX Our study was funded by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, No. 7530), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management (formerly Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) at South Dakota State University, the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at University of Wyoming, the United States Geological Survey, and the Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund. We thank G. Dixon, C. Jacques, K. Robling, R. Stephens, W. Klaver and J. Galbraith for field assistance during our study. We thank the landowners of Edmunds and Faulk counties for their generosity in allowing unlimited access to their land. We thank R. T. Bowyer and D. M. Leslie, Jr, who provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 80 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 84 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.005 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 965DX UT WOS:000305748000009 ER PT J AU Sales-Luis, T Bissonette, JA Santos-Reis, M AF Sales-Luis, Teresa Bissonette, John A. Santos-Reis, Margarida TI Conservation of Mediterranean otters: the influence of map scale resolution SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Lutra lutra; Population distribution; Monitoring; Season; Water availability; Management decisions ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN-ANALYSIS; LUTRA-LUTRA DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL SCALE; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; REGION; BEARS; GRAIN AB Recent work in landscape ecology has stressed the importance of scale considerations in studies of biological diversity and conservation. The IUCN Otter Specialist Group has recommended a standardized 10 x 10 km UTM grid for monitoring Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) distribution and trends. As a result of subsequent surveys, otters were downgraded to a "Least Concern" category in the 2005 Portuguese Red Data Book, primarily because of its broad distribution at the 10 x 10 km scale. Previously, otters were considered threatened and used by conservationists as a flagship species in river conservation. However, by interpreting a continuous distribution at the coarse 10 x 10 km resolution, the new status assessment can be misleading and, as a result, managers may ignore serious threats to local otter populations. To assess the effect of survey resolution, we evaluated otter distribution in the Sado river basin (Alentejo, Portugal) during both wet and dry seasons at three scale resolutions (10 x 10, 5 x 5, and 2.5 x 2.5 km). Stream length, as well as reservoir edge and area were measured at each grid cell size and compared for grid cells with and without otter presence. Our results confirmed that even though otters were distributed widely, the 10 x 10 grid cell protocol overestimated the area actually occupied. Seasonal effects were also very significant. The 10 x 10 km grid resolution may be useful when trying to assess European or national population trends but is too optimistic and misleading when local management decisions are involved and conservation planning is needed. We suggest a monitoring protocol to improve conservation management in Mediterranean areas of intermittent water flow. C1 [Sales-Luis, Teresa; Santos-Reis, Margarida] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Sales-Luis, T (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias, Campo Grande,Ed C2, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM tsl@fc.ul.pt RI Santos-Reis, Margarida/H-4064-2011; OI Santos-Reis, Margarida/0000-0002-0337-963X FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BD/5163/2001] FX This study was conducted with the financial support of the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, SFRH/BD/5163/2001). The authors wish to thank Dr. Goncalo Trindade, who helped in the fieldwork. The authors are grateful to Dr. M. Baker and Dr. M.F.Magalhaes for their comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2061 EP 2073 DI 10.1007/s10531-012-0297-z PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958HY UT WOS:000305228400011 ER PT J AU Thompson, KA Hill, JE Nico, LG AF Thompson, Kevin A. Hill, Jeffrey E. Nico, Leo G. TI Eastern mosquitofish resists invasion by nonindigenous poeciliids through agonistic behaviors SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biotic resistance; Gambusia holbrooki; Xiphophorus; Predation; Aggressive competition; Mesocosm; Nonindigenous species ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; UNITED-STATES; ALIEN FISHES; BODY-SIZE AB Florida is a hotspot for nonindigenous fishes with over 30 species established, although few of these are small-bodied species. One hypothesis for this pattern is that biotic resistance of native species is reducing the success of small-bodied, introduced fishes. The eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki is common in many freshwater habitats in Florida and although small-bodied (< 50 mm), it is a predator and aggressive competitor. We conducted four mesocosm experiments to examine the potential for biotic resistance by eastern mosquitofish to two small-bodied nonindigenous fishes, variable platyfish (Xiphophorus variatus) and swordtail (X. hellerii). Experiments tested: (1) effect of eastern mosquitofish density on adult survival, (2) effect of eastern mosquitofish on a stage-structured population, (3) role of habitat structural complexity on nonindigenous adult survival, and (4) behavioral effects of eastern mosquitofish presence and habitat complexity. Eastern mosquitofish attacked and killed non-native poeciliids with especially strong effects on juveniles of both species. Higher eastern mosquitofish density resulted in greater effects. Predation on swordtails increased with increasing habitat complexity. Eastern mosquitofish also actively drove swordtails from cover, which could expose non-native fish to other predators under field conditions. Our results suggest that eastern mosquitofish may limit invasion success. C1 [Thompson, Kevin A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Thompson, Kevin A.; Hill, Jeffrey E.] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Trop Aquaculture Lab, Ruskin, FL 33570 USA. [Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Thompson, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Kevin.thompson@oregonstate.edu FU University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; UF School of Natural Resources and the Environment FX The authors thank Charles Cichra, University of Florida, for valuable input throughout this research. Craig Watson, Dan Bury, Jonathan Foster, Scott Graves, Kathleen Hartman, Carlos Martinez, Debbie Pouder and Amy Wood of the Tropical Aquaculture Lab all provided support for these experiments. Fish were donated by Colin Calway of Happy Trails Aquatics. James Colee of the UF/IFAS statistics consulting unit provided statistics information. Gary Meffe also provided further information. This manuscript was improved by including comments from two anonymous reviewers as well. This research was funded in part by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as well as by a grant from the UF School of Natural Resources and the Environment. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1515 EP 1529 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0176-2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958YT UT WOS:000305277600019 ER PT J AU Liu, XF Parker, G Czuba, JA Oberg, K Mier, JM Best, JL Parsons, DR Ashmore, P Krishnappan, BG Garcia, MH AF Liu, Xiaofeng Parker, Gary Czuba, Jonathan A. Oberg, Kevin Mier, Jose M. Best, James L. Parsons, Daniel R. Ashmore, Peter Krishnappan, Bommanna G. Garcia, Marcelo H. TI Sediment mobility and bed armoring in the St Clair River: insights from hydrodynamic modeling SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE St Clair River; numerical model; field measurement; gravel bed; sediment transport; armoring; till erosion; morphology; bathymetry ID DIGITAL IMAGES; CHANNEL FLOW; GRAIN-SIZE; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; GRAVEL AB The lake levels in Lake Michigan-Huron have recently fallen to near historical lows, as has the elevation difference between Lake Michigan-Huron compared to Lake Erie. This decline in lake levels has the potential to cause detrimental impacts on the lake ecosystems, together with social and economic impacts on communities in the entire Great Lakes region. Results from past work suggest that morphological changes in the St Clair River, which is the only natural outlet for Lake Michigan-Huron, could be an appreciable factor in the recent trends of lake level decline. A key research question is whether bed erosion within the river has caused an increase in water conveyance, therefore, contributed to the falling lake level. In this paper, a numerical modeling approach with field data is used to investigate the possibility of sediment movement in the St Clair River and assess the likelihood of morphological change under the current flow regime. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to study flow structure, bed shear stress, and sediment mobility/armoring over a range of flow discharges. Boundary conditions for the numerical model were provided by detailed field measurements that included high-resolution bathymetry and three-dimensional flow velocities. The results indicate that, without considering other effects, under the current range of flow conditions, the shear stresses produced by the river flow are too low to transport most of the coarse bed sediment within the reach and are too low to cause substantial bed erosion or bed scour. However, the detailed maps of the bed show mobile bedforms in the upper St Clair River that are indicative of sediment transport. Relatively high shear stresses near a constriction at the upstream end of the river and at channel bends could cause local scour and deposition. Ship-induced propeller wake erosion also is a likely cause of sediment movement in the entire reach. Other factors that may promote sediment movement, such as ice cover and dredging in the lower river, require further investigation. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Liu, Xiaofeng] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Parker, Gary; Mier, Jose M.; Best, James L.; Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL USA. [Parker, Gary; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL USA. [Parker, Gary; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL USA. [Parker, Gary; Best, James L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Czuba, Jonathan A.; Oberg, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL USA. [Czuba, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. [Parsons, Daniel R.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Ashmore, Peter] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Krishnappan, Bommanna G.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Impacts Res Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Liu, XF (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM xiaofeng.liu@utsa.edu RI Parsons, Daniel/G-9101-2011 OI Parsons, Daniel/0000-0002-5142-4466 FU International Upper Great Lakes Study (IUGLS); International Joint Commission (IJC); University of Texas at San Antonio; UK NERC; World Universities Network FX The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by the International Upper Great Lakes Study (IUGLS) and the International Joint Commission (IJC). This paper also benefited from the startup fund to Xiaofeng Liu from the University of Texas at San Antonio. D. Parsons thanks the UK NERC for his Fellowship funding and also acknowledges the World Universities Network (wun.ac.uk) for a Research Mobility Program award which facilitated his participation in this project. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 37 IS 9 BP 957 EP 970 DI 10.1002/esp.3215 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 967JZ UT WOS:000305904900005 ER PT J AU Zargar, K Conrad, A Bernick, DL Lowe, TM Stolc, V Hoeft, S Oremland, RS Stolz, J Saltikov, CW AF Zargar, Kamrun Conrad, Alison Bernick, David L. Lowe, Todd M. Stolc, Viktor Hoeft, Shelley Oremland, Ronald S. Stolz, John Saltikov, Chad W. TI ArxA, a new clade of arsenite oxidase within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum oxidoreductases SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; RESPIRATORY ARSENATE REDUCTASE; SP NOV.; HERMINIIMONAS-ARSENICOXYDANS; BETA-PROTEOBACTERIUM; RAPID OXIDATION; SODA LAKES; MONO LAKE; GENES; CALIFORNIA AB Arsenotrophy, growth coupled to autotrophic arsenite oxidation or arsenate respiratory reduction, occurs only in the prokaryotic domain of life. The enzymes responsible for arsenotrophy belong to distinct clades within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum-containing oxidoreductases: specifically arsenate respiratory reductase, ArrA, and arsenite oxidase, AioA (formerly referred to as AroA and AoxB). A new arsenite oxidase clade, ArxA, represented by the haloalkaliphilic bacterium Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE-1 was also identified in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira sp. strain PHS-1. A draft genome sequence of PHS-1 was completed and an arx operon similar to MLHE-1 was identified. Gene expression studies showed that arxA was strongly induced with arsenite. Microbial ecology investigation led to the identification of additional arxA-like sequences in Mono Lake and Hot Creek sediments, both arsenic-rich environments in California. Phylogenetic analyses placed these sequences as distinct members of the ArxA clade of arsenite oxidases. ArxA-like sequences were also identified in metagenome sequences of several alkaline microbial mat environments of Yellowstone National Park hot springs. These results suggest that ArxA-type arsenite oxidases appear to be widely distributed in the environment presenting an opportunity for further investigations of the contribution of Arx-dependent arsenotrophy to the arsenic biogeochemical cycle. C1 [Zargar, Kamrun; Conrad, Alison; Saltikov, Chad W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bernick, David L.; Lowe, Todd M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biomol Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stolc, Viktor] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hoeft, Shelley; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stolz, John] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Saltikov, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM saltikov@ucsc.edu RI Bernick, David/I-5739-2012; OI Bernick, David/0000-0003-1056-307X FU UCSC; Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory (SNARL); USGS; NASA FX C.W.S. acknowledges partial support from UCSC and the use of the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory (SNARL). R.S.O. acknowledges support from USGS and NASA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1635 EP 1645 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02722.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 967JV UT WOS:000305904500004 PM 22404962 ER PT J AU Bredehoeft, JD Konikow, LF AF Bredehoeft, J. D. Konikow, L. F. TI Ground-Water Models: Validate or Invalidate SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Bredehoeft, J. D.] Hydrodynam Grp, Sausalito, CA USA. [Bredehoeft, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Bredehoeft, JD (reprint author), Hydrodynam Grp, Sausalito, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 493 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00951.x PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 967KQ UT WOS:000305906900002 PM 22747432 ER PT J AU Arnold, DE Bohor, BF Neff, H Feinman, GM Williams, PR Dussubieux, L Bishop, R AF Arnold, Dean E. Bohor, Bruce F. Neff, Hector Feinman, Gary M. Williams, Patrick Ryan Dussubieux, Laure Bishop, Ronald TI The first direct evidence of pre-columbian sources of palygorskite for Maya Blue SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Maya Blue; Palygorskite; Yucatan, Mexico; Chemical analysis; Volcanic ash ID ICP-MS; PIGMENT; YUCATAN; MEXICO; ATTAPULGITE; PAINT; CLAY AB Maya Blue, a nano-structured clay organic complex of palygorskite and indigo, was used predominantly before the Spanish Conquest. It has fascinated chemists, material scientists, archaeologists and art historians for decades because it is resistant to the effect of acids, alkalis, and other reagents, and its rich color has persisted for centuries in the harsh tropical climate of southern Mesoamerica. One of its components, palygorskite, is part of modern Maya indigenous knowledge, and ethnohistoric and archaeological data suggest that its modern sources were probably utilized in Prehispanic times. Yet no direct evidence verifies that palygorskite was actually mined from these sources to make Maya Blue. Here we characterize these sources compositionally, and compare our analyses to those of Maya Blue from Chichen Itza and Palenque. We demonstrate that the palygorskite in most of these samples came from modern mines, providing the first direct evidence for the use of these sources for making Maya Blue. These findings reveal that modern Maya indigenous knowledge about palygorskite, its mining, and its source locations, is at least seven centuries old. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arnold, Dean E.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Bohor, Bruce F.] US Geol Survey Emeritus, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Neff, Hector] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Anthropol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Arnold, Dean E.; Feinman, Gary M.; Williams, Patrick Ryan; Dussubieux, Laure] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bishop, Ronald] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Arnold, DE (reprint author), Wheaton Coll, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, 501 E Coll, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM Dean.E.Arnold@wheaton.edu; Bbohor@usgs.gov; hneff@csulb.edu; gfeinman@fieldmuseum.org; rwilliams@fieldmuseum.org; ldussubieu@fieldmuseum.org; bishopr@si.edu FU National Geographic Society [8433-08]; Wheaton College G.W. Aldeen Memorial Fund; NSF [BCS-0917702, BCS-0604712] FX This research was supported by grants to the senior author from the National Geographic Society (Grant No. 8433-08) and the Wheaton College G.W. Aldeen Memorial Fund. The IIRMES Archaeometry lab, where some of the LA-ICP-MS analyses were undertaken, is supported by NSF grants BCS-0917702 and BCS-0604712. We thank William Betterton of the USGS for the X-ray diffraction patterns, and are grateful for the assistance of Hilary Mulhern, Wendy Jennings, and Hayley Schumacher in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 39 IS 7 BP 2252 EP 2260 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.036 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 966PH UT WOS:000305849400033 ER PT J AU Loughman, ZJ Welsh, SA Simon, TP AF Loughman, Zachary J. Welsh, Stuart A. Simon, Thomas P. TI OCCUPANCY RATES OF PRIMARY BURROWING CRAYFISH IN NATURAL AND DISTURBED LARGE RIVER BOTTOMLANDS SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrowing crayfish; Cambarus thomai; Fallicambarus fodiens; site occupancy modeling ID STREAM COMMUNITY; FALLICAMBARUS; CAMBARIDAE; DECAPODA; HABITAT AB Among crayfish, primary burrowing species are the least understood ecologically. Many primary burrowing crayfish inhabit floodplains where forested landscapes have been fragmented by agricultural, industrial, or residential uses. In this study, site occupancy rates (psi) were modeled for two primary burrowing crayfish, Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) and Cambarus thomai Jezerinac, 1993. from Ohio and Kanawha river floodplains in West Virginia, U.S.A. Fallicambarus fodiens is one of West Virginia's rarest crayfish, while C. thomai is prevalent in most wetlands along both river floodplains. Occupancy rate modeling incorporated four environmental covariates (forest age, soil type, tree frequency, and land use). Based on presence/absence data, forests with tree ages >100 years (AQAIC(c) = 0) and sites with loam soils (Delta QAIC(c) = 1.80) were most likely to harbor F. fodiens populations. For C. thomai, several models were supported owing to model selection uncertainty, but those with the land use covariate had more total model weight (total w(i) = 0.54) than all other covariate models. Cambarus thomai rarely occupied industrial/agricultural sites, but were often present in forested and residential sites. Although the influence of covariates on site occupancy differed between species, both taxa readily utilized mature forested habitats when available. Conservation actions for F. fodiens and C. thomai should focus on preserving forested tracts along large river floodplains C1 [Loughman, Zachary J.] W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Simon, Thomas P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Loughman, ZJ (reprint author), W Liberty Univ, Dept Nat Sci & Math, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. EM zloughman@westliberty.edu; swelsh@wvu.edu; thomas.simon@indstate.edu OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 FU West Liberty University's Department of Natural Sciences; WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program FX We would like to thank David Foltz, Nicole Garrison, Evan Hewit, Tricia Kangisser, Mathew McKinney, Nate Taylor and Christopher Vopal for assistance in the field. Financial support was provided by West Liberty University's Department of Natural Sciences and through a Cooperative Research, Education and Management Grant from the WVDNR, Wildlife Resources Section, Wildlife Diversity Program. Two anonymous reviewers comments greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1163/193724012X637339 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 964CE UT WOS:000305670500006 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, TM Breen, KJ AF Zimmerman, Tammy M. Breen, Kevin J. TI Evaluating Changes in Matrix-Based, Recovery-Adjusted Concentrations in Paired Data for Pesticides in Groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; AQUIFERS; SYSTEMS; AREAS AB Pesticide concentration data for waters from selected carbonate-rock aquifers in agricultural areas of Pennsylvania were collected in 1993-2009 for occurrence and distribution assessments. A set of 30 wells was visited once in 1993-1995 and again in 2008-2009 to assess concentration changes. The data include censored matched pairs (nondetections of a compound in one or both samples of a pair). A potentially improved approach for assessing concentration changes is presented where (i) concentrations are adjusted with models of matrix-spike recovery and (ii) area-wide temporal change is tested by use of the paired Prentice-Wilcoxon (PPW) statistical test. The PPW results for atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, prometon, and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA), are compared using recovery-adjusted and unadjusted concentrations. Results for adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations in 2008-2009 compared with 1993-1995 were similar for atrazine and simazine (significant decrease; 95% confidence level) and metolachlor (no change) but differed for DEA (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, increase) and prometon (adjusted, decrease; unadjusted, no change). The PPW results were different on recovery-adjusted compared with unadjusted concentrations. Not accounting for variability in recovery can mask a true change, misidentify a change when no true change exists, or assign a direction opposite of the true change in concentration that resulted from matrix influences on extraction and laboratory method performance. However, matrix-based models of recovery derived from a laboratory performance dataset from multiple studies for national assessment, as used herein, rather than time-and study-specific recoveries may introduce uncertainty in recovery adjustments for individual samples that should be considered in assessing change. C1 [Zimmerman, Tammy M.; Breen, Kevin J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Zimmerman, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM tmzimmer@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1245 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0271 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900029 PM 22751067 ER PT J AU Walker, CW Watson, JE Williams, C AF Walker, Charles W. Watson, John E. Williams, Clinton TI Occurrence of Carbamazepine in Soils under Different Land Uses Receiving Wastewater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; IRRIGATED SOILS; SURFACE WATERS; CLOFIBRIC ACID; PHARMACEUTICALS; BIOSOLIDS; DRUGS; FATE; DICLOFENAC AB Due to its resistance to many wastewater treatment processes, the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is routinely found in wastewater effluent. Wastewater irrigation is an alternative to stream discharge of wastewater effluent, which utilizes the soil as a tertiary filter to remove excess nutrients and has the potential to remove pharmaceutical compounds. Previous data suggest that CBZ is strongly sorbed to soil; however, it is unknown what its fate is for long periods of irrigation and if land use affects its distribution. Therefore, the objectives of our research were to characterize CBZ concentrations in soils that have been receiving wastewater irrigation for >25 yr under three different land uses: cropped, grassed, and forested. Triplicate soil cores were collected at each of the land uses to a depth of 120 cm. Extractions for CBZ were performed using 5-g soil samples and 20 mL of acetonitrile. The extracted solutions were analyzed on a liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer. The samples were also analyzed for supporting information such as organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Results suggest that there is accumulation of the CBZ in the surface soils, which have the highest organic carbon content. Average concentrations of CBZ in the surface soils were 4.92, 2.9, and 1.92 ng g(-1), for the forested, grassed, and cropped land uses, respectively. The majority of the CBZ was found in the upper 30 cm of the profile. Our results suggest that the soils adsorb CBZ and slow its movement into groundwater, compared to the movement of nonadsorbed chemicals. C1 [Walker, Charles W.; Watson, John E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, Clinton] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Walker, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM cwwalker@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1267 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0193 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900032 PM 22751070 ER PT J AU Baker, RJ Andraski, BJ Stonestrom, DA Luo, WT AF Baker, Ronald J. Andraski, Brian J. Stonestrom, David A. Luo, Wentai TI Volatile Organic Compounds in the Unsaturated Zone from Radioactive Wastes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM CONTAMINATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ARID ENVIRONMENT; SOLVENT VAPORS; LANDFILL GAS; TRANSPORT; SOIL; MERCURY; BIODEGRADATION; DESERT AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oft en comingled with low-level radioactive wastes (LLRW), but little is known about subsurface VOC emanations from LLRW landfills. The current study systematically quantified VOCs associated with LLRW over an 11-yr period at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in southwestern Nevada. Unsaturated-zone gas samples of VOCs were collected by adsorption on resin cartridges and analyzed by thermal desorption and GC/MS. Sixty of 87 VOC method analytes were detected in the 110-m-thick unsaturated zone surrounding a LLRW disposal facility. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were detected in 100% of samples collected. Chlorofluorocarbons are powerful greenhouse gases, deplete stratospheric ozone, and are likely released from LLRW facilities worldwide. Soil-gas samples collected from a depth of 24 m and a horizontal distance 100 m south of the nearest waste-disposal trench contained >60,000 ppbv total VOCs, including >37,000 ppbv CFCs. Extensive sampling in the shallow unsaturated zone (0-2 m deep) identified areas where total VOC concentrations exceeded 5000 ppbv at the 1.5-m depth. Volatile organic compound concentrations exceeded background levels up to 300 m from the facility. Maximum vertical diffusive fluxes of total VOCs were estimated to be 1 g m(-2) yr(-1). Volatile organic compound distributions were similar but not identical to those previously determined for tritium and elemental mercury. To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the unsaturated zone distribution of VOCs emanating from a LLRW landfill. Our results may help explain anomalous transport of radionuclides at the ADRS and elsewhere. C1 [Baker, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Stonestrom, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Luo, Wentai] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Baker, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM rbaker@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Program FX Financial support for this work was provided through the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, National Research Program, and Groundwater Resources Program. Field and laboratory support were provided by Michael J. Johnson, C. Justin Mayers, Michelle A. Walvoord, and C. Amanda Garcia. Analytical support was provided by Lorne M. Isabelle (Portland State University). Helpful reviews of the manuscript were provided by Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, James E. Landmeyer (USGS), James F. Pankow (Portland State University), and three anonymous reviewers. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1324 EP 1336 DI 10.2134/jeq2011.0480 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968HA UT WOS:000305966900039 PM 22751077 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Schreck, CB Parker, SJ Weis, VM AF Pribyl, A. L. Schreck, C. B. Parker, S. J. Weis, V. M. TI Identification of biomarkers indicative of barotrauma and recovery in black rockfish Sebastes melanops SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; gene expression; microarray; non-model organism AB A Sebastes-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray was developed to identify potential biomarkers involved in the capture stress and recovery of Sebastes species if they are assisted in returning to their original depth of capture following barotrauma. Black rockfish Sebastes melanops were exposed to simulated decompression from 450 kPa (c. 35 m depth) (which resulted in barotrauma) and subsequent recompression. Sebastes melanops were sampled for liver tissue at days 3, 15 and 31 post-barotrauma. Potential candidate genes were identified from the microarray and then quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) was used to validate expression levels in biological replicates. Six potential biomarkers associated with the innate immune system were identified that were up-regulated in liver tissue at 3 days post-barotrauma: complement C1q-like protein 2, complement component C3, complement regulatory plasma protein, serum amyloid A-5, c-type lysozyme and hepcidin precursor type I. In addition, complement c1q was correlated to the presence of a ruptured swimbladder, providing further support that this gene may be a good biomarker of injury and recovery. Immune genes were no longer up-regulated at day 31 post-barotrauma, a good indication of recovery in S. melanops. C1 [Pribyl, A. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Parker, S. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weis, V. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA SWFSC, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU NOAA; Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University; Oregon Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit at Oregon State University FX The authors would like to thank C. Rosato at the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State University for printing the arrays, instruction on equipment usage, and advice on molecular techniques. We thank W. Phillips, C. Schnitzler and T. Momoda for assistance with molecular techniques and advice on analyses. This research was funded by a NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy grant, a Mamie Markham Research Award (Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University), the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University and the Oregon Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit at Oregon State University. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03322.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 967HB UT WOS:000305896400012 PM 22747812 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Barber, DC Jennings, AE Eberl, DD Maclean, B Kirby, ME Stoner, JS AF Andrews, J. T. Barber, D. C. Jennings, A. E. Eberl, D. D. Maclean, B. Kirby, M. E. Stoner, J. S. TI Varying sediment sources (Hudson Strait, Cumberland Sound, Baffin Bay) to the NW Labrador Sea slope between and during Heinrich events 0 to 4 SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baffin Bay; detrital carbonate (DC-) events; Heinrich events; Labrador Sea; Laurentide Ice Sheet ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LATE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DETRITAL CARBONATE; SEISMIC FACIES; ISLAND; PROVENANCE; CANADA; CHRONOLOGY AB Core HU97048-007PC was recovered from the continental Labrador Sea slope at a water depth of 945?m, 250?km seaward from the mouth of Cumberland Sound, and 400?km north of Hudson Strait. Cumberland Sound is a structural trough partly floored by Cretaceous mudstones and Paleozoic carbonates. The record extends from similar to 10 to 58?ka. On-board logging revealed a complex series of lithofacies, including buff-colored detrital carbonate-rich sediments [Heinrich (H)-events] frequently bracketed by black facies. We investigate the provenance of these facies using quantitative X-ray diffraction on drill-core samples from Paleozoic and Cretaceous bedrock from the SE Baffin Island Shelf, and on the?70% reductions in total number of contacts and number of individuals contacting a fetus. Proximity loggers and video cameras provided similar estimates of elk-fetus contact rates. Elk contacted fetuses and random control points equally, suggesting that elk were not attracted to fetuses but encountered them incidentally while feeding. The modeled relationship between contact rate and disease prevalence is nonlinear and LD feeding may result in large reductions in brucellosis prevalence, but this depends on the amount of transmission that occurs on and off feedgrounds. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Creech, Tyler G.; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.; Maichak, Eric J.; Rogerson, Jared D.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Henningsen, John C.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Creech, TG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nash Hall,Room 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tyler.creech@oregonstate.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; WGFD; Wyoming Wildlife Livestock Disease Partnership; National Science Foundation [DEB-1067129] FX We are grateful to M. Ebinger, K. Belinda, A. Williams, A. Brennan, and B. Lozier for assistance with field work and logistics. T. Cornish, C. Tate, H. Edwards, L. Meadows, A. Brown, K. Buckle, and Z. Turnbull collected and processed elk fetuses used in this study. C. Kochanny assisted with proximity logger technical issues. We thank C. Jacques and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the study. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, WGFD, the Wyoming Wildlife Livestock Disease Partnership, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Program (DEB-1067129). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1002/jwmg.331 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000002 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, SM Johnson, JA Dellasala, DA AF Matsuoka, Steven M. Johnson, James A. Dellasala, Dominick A. TI Succession of Bird Communities in Young Temperate Rainforests Following Thinning SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird density; forest birds; forest succession; silviculture; southeast Alaska; temperate rainforest; thinning ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; BLACK-TAILED DEER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; ADMIRALTY-ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WILDLIFE HABITAT; POPULATION-SIZE; BUFFER STRIPS; WALES ISLAND; COAST RANGE AB We repeated bird and vegetation surveys in 1991-1992 and 2005-2006 among young managed stands and old-growth forests in southeast Alaska to evaluate whether pre-commercial thinning of managed stands influenced the bird community. We compared decadal changes in bird densities and forest vegetation among 3 stand types: managed stands originating from clearcuts 35 years ago that were left untreated (unthinned), managed stands thinned at uniform spacing (thinned), and old growth with no prior timber harvest. We did not detect differences in decadal trends in avian densities between thinned and unthinned stands for 15 of 16 common bird species using a repeated-measures design. Thinning did not result in greater recruitment of overstory-nesting species as predicted. This was likely because of 1) similar increases in tree heights ((x) over bar 9-10 m) and canopy cover ((x) over bar 29-43%) between unthinned and thinned stands across decades and 2) the relatively young successional stage of these stands, which had only begun to recruit medium and large size conifers (dbh >= 36 cm). Decadal trends in densities of most (88%) understory-nesting bird species did not differ between thinned and unthinned stands. Shrub cover decreased by 22% and 31% across decades in thinned and unthinned stands, respectively. Bird community composition in managed stands reflected the general decadal changes in forest vegetation with a shift in dominance from understory species in the early 1990s (80-85% of total bird density) to an equal abundance of understory (45-54%) and overstory species in the mid-2000s. The latter was more similar to old-growth stands, which were dominated by overstory species (67-71%). Overstory-nesting birds in old growth increased in density by 49% across decades. Densities of cavity-nesting species remained unchanged in managed stands and less than densities in old growth across decades, possibly because of a lack of large trees and snags for nest sites. Overall, thinning of clearcut stands, the primary silvicultural system in the region, had few measurable benefits to birds nearly 20 years after treatment. Monitoring over the 70-100-year harvest rotation may be necessary to fully test whether thinning accelerates succession of bird communities in clearcut stands. However, partial harvests that retain large trees and snags should also be explored as alternatives to better maintain late-succession avifauna throughout the harvest rotation in southeast Alaska. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Johnson, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Dellasala, Dominick A.] Geos Inst, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Matsuoka, SM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM steve.matsuoka@ales.ualberta.ca FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game's State Wildlife Grants; USDA Forest Service's Tongass National Forest; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Migratory Bird Management and Pacific Coast Joint Venture FX We are particularly grateful to D. Brann, R. Christensen, N. Dau, S. Grimes, and A. Johnson for their companionship and hard work in the field. We thank E. Campbell, S. Howell, L. Shipley, and R. Slayton of the USDA Forest Service and the staff of the Tongass National Forest's Thorne Bay Ranger District for their support through all stages of this project. The Denver Zoological Foundation, Thorne Bay Ranger District, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Juneau Field Office generously provided us use of their vehicles. We thank D. Bruden, and J. Reynolds for guidance on statistical analysis and M. Cady, G. Roloff, F. Thompson, and 2 anonymous reviewers for improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was generously funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's State Wildlife Grants, the USDA Forest Service's Tongass National Forest, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Migratory Bird Management and Pacific Coast Joint Venture. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 919 EP 931 DI 10.1002/jwmg.363 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000007 ER PT J AU Kern, RA Shriver, WG Bowman, JL Mitchell, LR Bounds, DL AF Kern, Rebecca A. Shriver, W. Gregory Bowman, Jacob L. Mitchell, Laura R. Bounds, Dixie L. TI Seaside Sparrow Reproductive Success in Relation to Prescribed Fire SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus maritimus; Chesapeake Bay; global climate change; nest survival; prescribed fire; reproductive success; seaside sparrow; tidal marsh ID COAST CHENIER PLAIN; BREEDING ECOLOGY; FLORIDA GRASSHOPPER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TIDAL MARSHES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; NESTS AB In North American tidal marshes, prescribed burning has been used to manage waterfowl, furbearers, invasive plants, and fuels, but its effects on non-target species, such as marsh birds, are relatively unknown, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region. To address this informational need, we studied seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) in Dorchester County, Maryland, where prescribed marsh burning has been conducted since at least the 1930s. We compared the effects of 4 fire treatments (<1 yr since burn, 1-2 yr since burn, 3-4 yr since burn, and >= 5 yr since burn) on seaside sparrow density and reproductive output, and examined the impact of fire treatment, nest-site characteristics, and weather on nest survival from 2007 to 2009. We found that nest and territory densities were greatest on marshes <1 year post-burn, indicating that burning did not displace seaside sparrows. Nest and territory densities also declined as time since burn increased, and were about 50% less on marshes that were >= 5 years post-burn compared to marshes <1 year post-burn. Egg density (the number of eggs produced per ha) was 50% greater on marshes burned <1 year ago than on marshes burned 3-4 years ago, but we found no difference in fledgling density, indicating that predation may have disproportionately affected recently-burned marshes. Study year and percent cover of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) best explained nest survival, which was lowest in 2009, a year with high precipitation and tides. We recommend that prescribed burning continue to be used at 1-4 year intervals to maintain habitat quality for breeding seaside sparrows in the mid-Atlantic, but suggest that the effects of fire management may be less influential than predicted impacts of global climate change. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Kern, Rebecca A.; Shriver, W. Gregory; Bowman, Jacob L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Mitchell, Laura R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bombay Hook Natl Wildlife Refuge, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA. [Bounds, Dixie L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma Ecol Serv Field Off, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA. RP Kern, RA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 531 S Coll Ave,250 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM rkern@udel.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); University of Delaware; USFWS Region 5 Fire Program FX This research was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the University of Delaware, and the USFWS Region 5 Fire Program. We thank the Blackwater NWR staff, in particular S. Flint, R. Stone, R. Cliche, and M. Whitbeck. We thank J. Abbas, R. Ball, C. Barreca, E. Birtwhistle, D. Breen, S. Brounce, S. Chapin, C. Corcoran/Quadt, E. Elderbrock, C. Kane, C. Makufka, D. Randall, M. Simmons, J. Stone, and R. Walls for assistance with data collection. T. Shaffer and M. Herzog provided invaluable assistance with logistic-exposure nest survival analysis. We thank B. Robertson and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful critique. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 932 EP 939 DI 10.1002/jwmg.345 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000008 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Survival of White-Tailed Deer Fawns in the Grasslands of the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fawn; habitat; mortality; northern Great Plains; Odocoileus virginianus; survival; white-tailed deer ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; MULE DEER; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MAMMALIAN PREDATORS AB Environmental factors, such as forest characteristics, have been linked to fawn survival in eastern and southern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations. In the Great Plains, less is known about how intrinsic and habitat factors influence fawn survival. During 2007-2009, we captured and radiocollared 81 fawns in north-central South Dakota and recorded 23 mortalities, of which 18 died before 1 September. Predation accounted for 52.2% of mortality; remaining mortality included human (hunting, vehicle, and farm accident; 26.1%) and hypothermia (21.7%). Coyotes (Canis latrans) accounted for 83.3% of predation on fawns. We used known-fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate summer (15 May-31 Aug) survival rates and investigated the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on survival. We developed 2 a priori model sets, including intrinsic variables and a test of annual variation in survival (model set 1) and habitat variables (model set 2). Model set 1 indicated that summer survival varied among years (2007-2009); annual survival rates were 0.94 (SE = 0.06, n = 22), 0.78 (SE = 0.09, n = 27), and 0.54 (SE = 0.10, n = 32), respectively. Model set 2 indicated that survival was further influenced by patch density of cover habitats (Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]-grasslands, forested cover, and wetlands). Mean CRP-grassland and wetland patch density (no. patches/100 ha) were greater (P < 0.001) in home-range areas of surviving fawns (<(x)over bar>(CRPPD) = 1.81, SE = 0.10, n = 63; (x) over bar (WetPD) = 1.75, SE = 0.14, n = 63, respectively) than in home-range areas of fawns that died ((x) over bar (CRPPD) = 0.16, SE = 0.04, n = 18; (x) over bar (WetPD) = 1.28, SE = 0.10, n = 18, respectively). Mean forested cover patch density was less (P < 0.001) in home-range areas of surviving fawns (<(x)over bar>FCPD = 0.77, SE = 0.10, n = 63) than in home-range areas of fawns that died ((x) over bar (FCPD) = 1.49, SE = 0.21, n = 18). Our results indicate that management activities should focus on CRP-grassland and wetland habitats in order to maintain or improve fawn survival in the northern Great Plains, rather than forested cover composed primarily of tree plantings and shelterbelts. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B,NPB Room 138, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 7530]; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund FX Our study was funded by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, no. 7530), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management (formerly the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) at South Dakota State University and the Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund. We thank G. Dixon, C. Jacques, K. Robling, R. Stephens, W. Klaver, and J. Galbraith for field assistance during our study. We thank G. C. White for assistance with analyses. We thank P. Bartelt for advice in deploying data loggers. We thank the landowners of Edmunds and Faulk counties for their generosity in allowing unlimited access to their land. We thank K. C. VerCauteren and C. K. Nielsen who provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 114 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 944 EP 956 DI 10.1002/jwmg.339 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000010 ER PT J AU Shirley, MH Dorazio, RM Abassery, E Abd Elhady, A Mekki, MS Asran, HH AF Shirley, Matthew H. Dorazio, Robert M. Abassery, Ekramy Abd Elhady, Amr Mekki, Mohammed Saad Asran, Hosni Helmy TI A Sampling Design and Model for Estimating Abundance of Nile Crocodiles While Accounting for Heterogeneity of Detectability of Multiple Observers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Crocodylus niloticus; detection probability; double observer; hierarchical model; Lake Nasser; sustainable utilization ID CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; POPULATION-SIZE; AERIAL SURVEYS; COUNTS; VIGILANCE AB As part of the development of a management program for Nile crocodiles in Lake Nasser, Egypt, we used a dependent double-observer sampling protocol with multiple observers to compute estimates of population size. To analyze the data, we developed a hierarchical model that allowed us to assess variation in detection probabilities among observers and survey dates, as well as account for variation in crocodile abundance among sites and habitats. We conducted surveys from July 2008-June 2009 in 15 areas of Lake Nasser that were representative of 3 main habitat categories. During these surveys, we sampled 1,086 km of lake shore wherein we detected 386 crocodiles. Analysis of the data revealed significant variability in both inter- and intra-observer detection probabilities. Our raw encounter rate was 0.355 crocodiles/km. When we accounted for observer effects and habitat, we estimated a surface population abundance of 2,581 (2,239-2,987, 95% credible intervals) crocodiles in Lake Nasser. Our results underscore the importance of well-trained, experienced monitoring personnel in order to decrease heterogeneity in intra-observer detection probability and to better detect changes in the population based on survey indices. This study will assist the Egyptian government establish a monitoring program as an integral part of future crocodile harvest activities in Lake Nasser. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Shirley, Matthew H.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Abassery, Ekramy; Abd Elhady, Amr; Mekki, Mohammed Saad; Asran, Hosni Helmy] Egyptian Environm Affairs Agcy, Nat Conservat Sect, S Areas Protectorate, Aswan 81111, Egypt. RP Shirley, MH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mshirley@ufl.edu OI Shirley, Matthew/0000-0002-3095-7546 FU Conservation Leadership Programme-Future Conservationist Award; Conservation Leadership Programme-Mentoring Award; South Area Protectorates of the Nature Conservation Sector of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) FX Funding for this work was provided by the Conservation Leadership Programme-Future Conservationist Award, Conservation Leadership Programme-Mentoring Award, and support from the South Area Protectorates of the Nature Conservation Sector of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). We thank J. Thorbjarnarson, C. Lippai, J. P. Ross, and L. Venne for reviewing early drafts. E. Adams gave statistical advice. We thank M. Fouda and M. Haseb of the EEAA for their efforts in ensuring the success of this project and their interest in crocodile management in Egypt. We also owe a debt of gratitude to our skilled and gracious boatmen Shazly and Mahrous. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 966 EP 975 DI 10.1002/jwmg.348 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000012 ER PT J AU Bentzen, RL Powell, AN AF Bentzen, Rebecca L. Powell, Abby N. TI Population Dynamics of King Eiders Breeding in Northern Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; elasticity; king eider; perturbation analyses; population growth; sensitivity; Somateria spectabilis; stage-based matrix modeling ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; COASTAL-PLAIN; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; COMMON EIDERS; BEAUFORT SEA; BERING-SEA; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESS; MODELS AB The North American population of king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) has declined by more than 50% since the late 1970s for unknown reasons. King eiders spend most of their lives in remote areas, forcing managers to make regulatory and conservation decisions based on very little information. We incorporated available published estimates of vital rates with new estimates to build a female, stage-based matrix population model for king eiders and examine the processes underlying population dynamics of king eiders breeding at 2 sites, Teshekpuk and Kuparuk, on the coastal plain of northern Alaska and wintering around the Bering Sea (2001-2010). We predicted a decreasing population (lambda = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.978-0.985), and that population growth was most sensitive to changes in adult female survival (sensitivity = 0.92). Low duckling survival may be a bottleneck to productivity (variation in ducking survival accounted for 66% of retrospective variation in l). Adult survival was high (0.94) and invariant ((sigma) over cap (2) = 0.0002, 95% CI: 0.0000-0.0007); however, catastrophic events could have a major impact and we need to consider how to mitigate and manage threats to adult survival. A hypothetical oil spill affecting breeding females in a primary spring staging area resulted in a severe population decline; although, transient population dynamics were relatively stable. However, if no catastrophic events occur, the more variable reproductive parameters (duckling and nest survival) may be more responsive to management actions. Published 2012. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Bentzen, Rebecca L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bentzen, RL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftrlm@uaf.edu OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X FU U.S. Geological Survey; Minerals Management Service; Coastal Marine Institute; Bureau of Land Management; ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc.; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants Office; North Slope Borough Search and Rescue; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Mitigation Program; State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development FX This study would not be possible without the financial and logistical support of the U.S. Geological Survey Outer Continental Shelf Program, Minerals Management Service, Coastal Marine Institute, Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants Office, and the North Slope Borough Search and Rescue. The North Slope Borough provided funding through the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Mitigation Program from the State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development. We thank R. Suydam, L. Phillips, and S. Oppel for much of the initial work and publication that made this model possible. Office space made available by the Tetlin Wildlife Refuge was greatly appreciated. Comments by P. Flint, S. Hoekman, S. Oppel, G. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1020 DI 10.1002/jwmg.335 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000016 ER PT J AU Smith, TS Herrero, S Layton, CS Larsen, RT Johnson, KR AF Smith, Tom S. Herrero, Stephen Layton, Cali Strong Larsen, Randy T. Johnson, Kathryn R. TI Efficacy of Firearms for Bear Deterrence in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; bear deterrence; bear-human interactions; black bears; brown bears; firearms; grizzly bears; polar bears; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Ursus maritimus ID CONSERVATION AB We compiled, summarized, and reviewed 269 incidents of bear-human conflict involving firearms that occurred in Alaska during 1883-2009. Encounters involving brown bears (Ursus arctos; 218 incidents, 81%), black bears (Ursus americanus; 30 incidents, 11%), polar bears (Ursus maritimus; 6 incidents, 2%), and 15 (6%) unidentified species provided insight into firearms success and failure. A total of 444 people and at least 367 bears were involved in these incidents. We found no significant difference in success rates (i.e., success being when the bear was stopped in its aggressive behavior) associated with long guns (76%) and handguns (84%). Moreover, firearm bearers suffered the same injury rates in close encounters with bears whether they used their firearms or not. Bears were killed in 61% (n = 162) of bear-firearms incidents. Additionally, we identified multiple reasons for firearms failing to stop an aggressive bear. Using logistic regression, the best model for predicting a successful outcome for firearm users included species and cohort of bear, human activity at time of encounter, whether or not the bear charged, and if fish or game meat was present. Firearm variables (e. g., type of gun, number of shots) were not useful in predicting outcomes in bear-firearms incidents. Although firearms have failed to protect some users, they are the only deterrent that can lethally stop an aggressive bear. Where firearms have failed to protect people, we identified contributing causes. Our findings suggest that only those proficient in firearms use should rely on them for protection in bear country. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Smith, Tom S.; Larsen, Randy T.] Brigham Young Univ, Fac Plant & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife Sci Program, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Herrero, Stephen] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Environm Sci Program, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Layton, Cali Strong] Brigham Young Univ, Plant & Wildlife Sci Program, Wildlife Sci Program, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Larsen, Randy T.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Johnson, Kathryn R.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. RP Smith, TS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Fac Plant & Wildlife Sci, Wildlife Sci Program, 451 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM tom_smith@byu.edu FU United States Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Brigham Young University FX The United States Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and Brigham Young University provided support for this project. We gratefully acknowledge a number of reviewers who have provided guidance regarding this manuscript, the Associate Editor and Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Wildlife Management in particular. D. Hardy (ADFG retired) provided useful comments that have helped make this more valuable. Additionally, we appreciate those who helped us collect bear incident data. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1027 DI 10.1002/jwmg.342 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000017 ER PT J AU Fedy, BC Aldridge, CL Doherty, KE O'Donnell, M Beck, JL Bedrosian, B Holloran, MJ Johnson, GD Kaczor, NW Kirol, CP Mandich, CA Marshall, D McKee, G Olson, C Swanson, CC Walker, BL AF Fedy, Bradley C. Aldridge, Cameron L. Doherty, Kevin E. O'Donnell, Micheal Beck, Jeffrey L. Bedrosian, Bryan Holloran, Matthew J. Johnson, Gregory D. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Kirol, Christopher P. Mandich, Cheryl A. Marshall, David McKee, Gwyn Olson, Chad Swanson, Christopher C. Walker, Brett L. TI Interseasonal Movements of Greater Sage-Grouse, Migratory Behavior, and an Assessment of the Core Regions Concept in Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; core regions; greater sage-grouse; migration; migratory; radio-telemetry; seasonal movements; Wyoming ID HABITAT SELECTION; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; NESTING HABITAT; FOOD SELECTION; WINTER HABITAT; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; CHICKS AB Animals can require different habitat types throughout their annual cycles. When considering habitat prioritization, we need to explicitly consider habitat requirements throughout the annual cycle, particularly for species of conservation concern. Understanding annual habitat requirements begins with quantifying how far individuals move across landscapes between key life stages to access required habitats. We quantified individual interseasonal movements for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage-grouse) using radio-telemetry spanning the majority of the species distribution in Wyoming. Sage-grouse are currently a candidate for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act and Wyoming is predicted to remain a stronghold for the species. Sage-grouse use distinct seasonal habitats throughout their annual cycle for breeding, brood rearing, and wintering. Average movement distances in Wyoming from nest sites to summer-late brood-rearing locations were 8.1 km (SE = 0.3 km; n = 828 individuals) and the average subsequent distances moved from summer sites to winter locations were 17.3 km (SE = 0.5 km; n = 607 individuals). Average nest-to-winter movements were 14.4 km (SE = 0.6 km; n = 434 individuals). We documented remarkable variation in the extent of movement distances both within and among sites across Wyoming, with some individuals remaining year-round in the same vicinity and others moving over 50 km between life stages. Our results suggest defining any of our populations as migratory or non-migratory is innappropriate as individual strategies vary widely. We compared movement distances of birds marked using Global Positioning System (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio marking techniques and found no evidence that the heavier GPS radios limited movement. Furthermore, we examined the capacity of the sage-grouse core regions concept to capture seasonal locations. As expected, we found the core regions approach, which was developed based on lek data, was generally better at capturing the nesting locations than summer or winter locations. However, across Wyoming the sage-grouse breeding core regions still contained a relatively high percentage of summer and winter locations and seem to be a reasonable surrogate for non-breeding habitat when no other information exists. We suggest that conservation efforts for greater sage-grouse implicitly incorporate seasonal habitat needs because of high variation in the amount of overlap among breeding core regions and non-breeding habitat. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.; Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Beck, Jeffrey L.; Kirol, Christopher P.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bedrosian, Bryan] Craighead Beringia S, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. [Holloran, Matthew J.] Wyoming Wildlife Consultants LLC, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Johnson, Gregory D.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Kaczor, Nicholas W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Mandich, Cheryl A.] Univ Wyoming, Casper Ctr, Casper, WY 82601 USA. [Marshall, David] KC Harvey Environm LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [McKee, Gwyn] Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting Inc, Gillette, WY 82718 USA. [Olson, Chad] Hayden Wing Associates LLC, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Swanson, Christopher C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm Wetland Management Dist, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. [Walker, Brett L.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Avian Res Program, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM fedyb@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 FU Arch Coal; Cameco Resources; Devon Energy; Foundation Coal West; Pathfinder Energy; Petroleum Association; Powder River Coal; RioTinto; Rocky Mountain Power; Sage Grouse Local Working Groups; Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; USDI BLM; WGFD-Sage-Grouse Conservation Fund; University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources; Colorado Division of Wildlife; Questar Exploration and Production; North Dakota Game and Fish Department [W-67-R]; BLM [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022]; South Dakota State University; WGFD (Upper Snake River Sage-Grouse Working Group); Jackson Hole Airport; Grand Teton National Park; Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative; EnCana Oil Gas, Inc.; Ultra Resources Inc.; Shell Rocky Mountain Production; Hayden-Wing Associates; BLM/WGFD; ConocoPhillips; EnCana Natural Gas; Noble Energy; Bates Hole/Shirley Basin Sage-Grouse Working Group; BLM in Montana; BLM in Wyoming; BLM in Washington D.C.; Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program); Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Petroleum Association of Wyoming; Western Gas Resources Incorporated; Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation; Bighorn Environmental Consulting; Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.; Liz Claiborne; Art Ortenberg Foundation; Hewlett Foundation; University of Montana; Fidelity Exploration and Production Company; Horizon Wind Energy, Iberdrola Renewables; Bates Hole/Shirley Basin Local Sage-Grouse Working Group; Peabody Energy Company's North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM); University of Wyoming; Office of Surface Mining of the U.S. Department of the Interior; Triton Coal Company; Thunder Basin Coal Company; NARM FX Synthesis: Funding for the synthesis of these studies was provided by Arch Coal, Cameco Resources, Devon Energy, Foundation Coal West, Pathfinder Energy, Petroleum Association, Powder River Coal, RioTinto, Rocky Mountain Power, Sage Grouse Local Working Groups, Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). We acknowledge the cooperation of numerous landowners in each study area who provided access to their private lands to collect field data. We also thank the many individuals who provided logistical and field support on the individual projects listed below. The manuscript was improved through comments by J. Tack, K. Smith, C. Hagen, and 1 anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Atlantic Rim/Stewart Creek: Funding was provided by Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, USDI BLM, WGFD-Sage-Grouse Conservation Fund, and the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources. Hiawatha: Funding was provided by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and Questar Exploration and Production. Hulette: Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, BLM (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022), and support from South Dakota State University. Jackson: Funding was provided by the WGFD (Upper Snake River Sage-Grouse Working Group), the Jackson Hole Airport, Grand Teton National Park, U.S. Forest Service, and a variety of private individuals and foundations. Lander/Pinedale: Financial support provided by the WGFD, BLM, U.S. Department of Energy, Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative, EnCana Oil & Gas, Inc., Ultra Resources Inc., and Shell Rocky Mountain Production. Moneta: The Moneta study area was a combination of data collected from 2 seperately funded projects: Hayden-Wing Associates and a project funded by BLM/WGFD and referred to as the Western Natrona County Sage-Grouse Distribution Project. The Hayden-Wing Associates study was funded by ConocoPhillips, EnCana Natural Gas, and Noble Energy. Financial support, equipment, and trapping personnel for the Western Natrona County Sage-Grouse Distribution Project were provided by the BLM, WGFD, and the Bates Hole/Shirley Basin Sage-Grouse Working Group. Telemetry flights were conducting by Laird Flying Service, Ekalaka MT. PRB: Funding was provided by the BLM in Montana and Wyoming. Additional project support came from the BLM in Washington D.C., U. S. Department of Energy, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, WGFD, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Science Foundation (EPS-CORE program), Montana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Petroleum Association of Wyoming, Western Gas Resources Incorporated, Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Bighorn Environmental Consulting, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, The Hewlett Foundation, and the University of Montana. The Hayden-Wing and Associates study was funded by Fidelity Exploration and Production Company. Simpson Ridge: Funding for this project was received from Horizon Wind Energy, Iberdrola Renewables, the Bates Hole/Shirley Basin Local Sage-Grouse Working Group, the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of Wyoming School of Energy Resources.; Thunder Basin: Initial work (2001-2003) was supported primarily by Peabody Energy Company's North Antelope Rochelle Mine (NARM) and the Abandoned Coal Mine Lands Research Program (ACMLRP) at the University of Wyoming. ACMLRP support was administered by the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality from funds returned to Wyoming by the Office of Surface Mining of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Triton Coal Company and Thunder Basin Coal Company also provided financial assistance for the initial project work, and the WGFD provided valuable field assistance, equipment, digital land-cover data, and funding for aerial telemetry for project needs from 2001 to 2003. Beginning in 2004, NARM provided all project funding. All data for this study area were collected and contributed by Thunderbird Wildlife Consulting, Inc. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1062 EP 1071 DI 10.1002/jwmg.337 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000022 ER PT J AU Heemeyer, JL Williams, PJ Lannoo, MJ AF Heemeyer, Jennifer L. Williams, Perry J. Lannoo, Michael J. TI Obligate Crayfish Burrow Use and Core Habitat Requirements of Crawfish Frogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burrow philopatry; core habitat; crayfish; landscape connectivity; Lithobates areolatus; Nenirana; radiotelemetry ID AMPHIBIAN BUFO-MARINUS; OAK-HICKORY FOREST; LITHOBATES-AREOLATUS; BUFFER ZONES; RANA; DESICCATION; MICROHABITATS; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS; MOVEMENT AB Crawfish frogs (Lithobates areolatus) have experienced declines across large portions of their former range. These declines are out of proportion to syntopic wetland-breeding amphibian species, suggesting losses are resulting from unfavorable aspects of non-breeding upland habitat. Crawfish frogs get their common name from their affinity for crayfish burrows, although the strength of this relationship has never been formally assessed. We used radiotelemetry to address 4 questions related to upland burrow dwelling in crawfish frogs: 1) what burrow types are used and how do they function to affect crawfish frog survivorship; 2) what are the physical characteristics and habitat associations of crawfish frog burrows; 3) what are the home range sizes of crawfish frogs when burrow dwelling; and 4) where are crawfish frog burrows situated with respect to breeding wetlands? We tracked crawfish frogs to 34 burrows, discovered another 7 occupied burrows, and therefore report on 41 burrows. Crawfish frogs exclusively occupied crayfish burrows as primary burrows, which they inhabited for an average of 10.5 months of the year. With one exception, crawfish frogs also used crayfish burrows as secondary burrows-temporary retreats occupied while exhibiting breeding migrations or ranging forays. Burrows were exclusively located in grassland habitats, although crawfish frogs migrated through narrow woodlands and across gravel roads to reach distant grassland primary burrow sites. Home range estimates while inhabiting burrows were 0.05 m(2) (the area of the burrow entrance plus the associated feeding platform) or 0.01 m(3) (the estimated volume of their burrow). Crawfish frog burrows were located at distances up to 1,020 m from their breeding wetlands. To protect crawfish frog populations, we recommend a buffer (core habitat plus terrestrial buffer) of at least 1.2 km around each breeding wetland. Within this buffer, at least 3 critical habitat elements must be present: 1) extensive grasslands maintained by prescribed burning and/or logging, 2) an adequate number of upland crayfish burrows, and 3) no soil disturbance of the sort that would destroy crayfish burrow integrity. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Heemeyer, Jennifer L.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Williams, Perry J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Oaks Natl Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN 47250 USA. [Lannoo, Michael J.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Heemeyer, JL (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. EM heemeyerj@gmail.com FU State Wildlife Grant (SWIG) [E2-08-WDS13]; Indiana Department of Natural Resources FX We thank K. Smith, R. Ronk, and B. Feaster of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources for their support, and for access to Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area. We also thank N. Engbrecht, V. Kinney, A. Robinson, T. Wheat, S. Lannoo, A. May, P. Lannoo, A. Leffel, and N. Lindel for their field and technical assistance, and to M. Angilletta, S. Richter, and J. Whitaker for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This project was supported by State Wildlife Grant (SWIG) Number E2-08-WDS13 awarded by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. All research described here was conducted under Scientific Purposes License Permit number 09-0084 issued by Indiana Department of Natural Resources. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.1002/jwmg.357 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 962WA UT WOS:000305577000024 ER PT J AU Ernst, AG Warren, DR Baldigo, BP AF Ernst, Anne G. Warren, Dana R. Baldigo, Barry P. TI Natural-Channel-Design Restorations That Changed Geomorphology Have Little Effect on Macroinvertebrate Communities in Headwater Streams SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catskill Mountains; habitat; multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination; stream restoration; streambank stability ID CATSKILL MOUNTAIN STREAMS; RIVER RESTORATION; NEW-YORK; HABITAT; FISH; ECOLOGY; REHABILITATION; CLASSIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION AB Stream restorations that increase geomorphic stability can improve habitat quality, which should benefit selected species and local aquatic ecosystems. This assumption is often used to define primary restoration goals; yet, biological responses to restoration are rarely monitored or evaluated methodically. Macroinvertebrate communities were inventoried at 6 study reaches within 5 Catskill Mountain streams between 2002 and 2006 to characterize their responses to natural-channel-design (NCD) restoration. Although bank stability increased significantly at most restored reaches, analyses of variation showed that NCD restorations had no significant effect on 15 of 16 macroinvertebrate community metrics. Multidimensional scaling ordination indicated that communities from all reach types within a stream were much more similar to each other within any given year than they were in the same reaches across years or within any type of reach across streams. These findings indicate that source populations and watershed-scale factors were more important to macroinvertebrate community characteristics than were changes in channel geomorphology associated with NCD restoration. Furthermore, the response of macroinvertebrates to restoration cannot always be used to infer the response of other stream biota to restoration. Thus, a broad perspective is needed to characterize and evaluate the full range of effects that restoration can have on stream ecosystems. C1 [Ernst, Anne G.; Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Warren, Dana R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ernst, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM annegall@usgs.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 FU NYCDEP; GCSWCD; USGS FX The authors extend their appreciation to D. Davis, P. Eskeli, S. Miller, E. Reichheld, and M. Vian of the NYCDEP; G. Lester of EcoAnalysts; Dr. M. Richmond and W. Keller of Cornell University; and J. Buchanan, D. Dekoski, J. DuBois, and R. VanShaack of the GCSWCD for technical support. This research was funded by the NYCDEP, the GCSWCD, and the USGS. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 20 IS 4 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00790.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968TI UT WOS:000306007300014 ER PT J AU Merkling, T Leclaire, S Danchin, E Lhuillier, E Wagner, RH White, J Hatch, SA Blanchard, P AF Merkling, Thomas Leclaire, Sarah Danchin, Etienne Lhuillier, Emeline Wagner, Richard H. White, Joel Hatch, Scott A. Blanchard, Pierrick TI Food availability and offspring sex in a monogamous seabird: insights from an experimental approach SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black-legged kittiwake; chick growth; experimental feeding; genetically monogamous; reproductive cost hypothesis; sex allocation; sex ratio; sexual dimorphism; Trivers-Willard hypothesis ID KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; RATIO ADJUSTMENT; SIZE DIMORPHISM; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MATERNAL CONDITION; BODY CONDITION; CHICK GROWTH AB Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should favor offspring of the sex that provides the greatest fitness return. Despite growing evidence suggesting that vertebrates are able to overcome the constraint of chromosomal sex determination, the general pattern remains equivocal, indicating a need for experimental investigations. We used an experimental feeding design to study sex allocation during 3 years in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Intense male-male competition for securing a breeding site is common in this species in which males are heavier and larger than females. Hence, we hypothesized that parents producing fledglings in better than average condition, as supplementarily fed pairs do, would increase their fitness return by producing sons. Conversely, producing daughters would be a better tactic for Unfed parents. Hence, we predicted that Fed parents produce more sons than Unfed parents. This prediction is particularly expected if sexual dimorphism arises as early as during chick rearing, suggesting strong selective pressures for optimal male development. Our results showed that 1) males were heavier and larger than females prior to fledging and that 2) Fed parents produced relatively more male hatchlings than Unfed parents. We interpret this result in terms of a Trivers-Willard-type process. Furthermore, our data revealed that Unfed parents significantly overproduced female hatchlings, whereas offspring sex ratio was balanced among Fed parents. Because the 3 reproductive seasons we considered were particularly poor food years, Unfed parents may have overproduced daughters to avoid the apparent higher reproductive costs of raising sons. C1 [Merkling, Thomas; Leclaire, Sarah; Danchin, Etienne; Lhuillier, Emeline; White, Joel; Blanchard, Pierrick] Univ Toulouse, ENFA, EDB UMR5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Merkling, Thomas; Leclaire, Sarah; Danchin, Etienne; Lhuillier, Emeline; White, Joel; Blanchard, Pierrick] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Wagner, Richard H.; White, Joel] Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Blanchard, P (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, ENFA, EDB UMR5174, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM pierrick.blanchard@univ-tlse3.fr RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; MERKLING, Thomas/F-4190-2011 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) FX This study was financed within a 4 year grant from the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV 'Programme 1162 Sex-CoMonArc'). NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 751 EP 758 DI 10.1093/beheco/ars023 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 963OH UT WOS:000305630800009 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, CE Horton, BP Stanley, JD AF Bernhardt, Christopher E. Horton, Benjamin P. Stanley, Jean-Daniel TI Nile Delta vegetation response to Holocene climate variability SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURAL RESPONSES; EGYPT; ENVIRONMENT; INSOLATION; EVOLUTION; AFRICA; SEA AB A 7000 yr palynologic record from Burullus Lagoon, Nile Delta, Egypt, is assessed to investigate changes in terrestrial vegetation in response to Nile flow. Previous studies in this region have shown that sea-level rise in the early to mid-Holocene, and markedly increased human land use during the past several centuries, altered vegetation in and around the lagoon. The pollen record from this study documents changes in delta vegetation that likely reflect variations in Nile flow. We suggest that Cyperaceae pollen is a sensitive marker of precipitation over the Nile headwaters and the resultant Nile flow. Decreases in Cyperaceae pollen, interpreted as a marker for diminished Nile flow, as well as the increase in relative abundance of microscopic charcoal, occurred at ca. 6000-5500, ca. 5000, ca. 4200, and ca. 3000 cal. yr B.P. (calibrated years before present). These correspond to extreme regional and global aridity events associated with a more southerly mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. These changes, also recorded by other proxy studies, indicate that several marked regional drought events affected the Nile Delta region and impacted ancient Egyptian and Middle Eastern civilizations. C1 [Bernhardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Geoarchaeol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bernhardt, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cbernhardt@usgs.gov FU University of Pennsylvania FX The first author thanks the University of Pennsylvania for financial support and the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, for laboratory support for palynological analysis. The Smithsonian's Delta-Global Change Program in Egypt collected and provided access to core samples at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Thomas Sheehan and Bryan Landacre assisted in processing samples for pollen. D.A. Willard, T. Cronin, and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful reviews that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 40 IS 7 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1130/G33012.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 966DX UT WOS:000305818900010 ER PT J AU Wright, HMN Cashman, KV Mothes, PA Hall, ML Ruiz, AG Le Pennec, JL AF Wright, Heather M. N. Cashman, Katharine V. Mothes, Patricia A. Hall, Minard L. Gorki Ruiz, Andres Le Pennec, Jean-Luc TI Estimating rates of decompression from textures of erupted ash particles produced by 1999-2006 eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; MAGMA ASCENT; KINETICS; SIZE AB Persistent low- to moderate-level eruptive activity of andesitic volcanoes is difficult to monitor because small changes in magma supply rates may cause abrupt transitions in eruptive style. As direct measurement of magma supply is not possible, robust techniques for indirect measurements must be developed. Here we demonstrate that crystal textures of ash particles from 1999 to 2006 Vulcanian and Strombolian eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador, provide quantitative information about the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption that is difficult to obtain from other monitoring approaches. We show that the crystallinity of erupted ash particles is controlled by the magma supply rate (MSR); ash erupted during periods of high magma supply is substantially less crystalline than during periods of low magma supply. This correlation is most easily explained by efficient degassing at very low pressures (<< 50 MPa) and degassing-driven crystallization controlled by the time available prior to eruption. Our data also suggest that the observed transition from intermittent Vulcanian explosions at low MSR to more continuous periods of Strombolian eruptions and lava fountains at high MSR can be explained by the rise of bubbles through (Strombolian) or trapping of bubbles beneath (Vulcanian) vent-capping, variably viscous (and crystalline) magma. C1 [Wright, Heather M. N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Mothes, Patricia A.; Hall, Minard L.; Gorki Ruiz, Andres] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. [Le Pennec, Jean-Luc] IRD, R 163, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Wright, HMN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Wright, Heather/K-4500-2012 OI Wright, Heather/0000-0001-9013-507X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0207362, EAR-0510437] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0207362 and EAR-0510437 to Cashman. We thank C. Martel, J. Hammer, C. Gardner, T. Sisson, T. Miwa, and anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2012 VL 40 IS 7 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1130/G32948.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 966DX UT WOS:000305818900011 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; CENTRAL VALLEY; TOXICITY; CALIFORNIA; PESTICIDES; USA; WATERWAYS; RUNOFF; CREEKS AB Pyrethroid insecticides are hydrophobic compounds that partition to streambed sediments and have been shown to cause toxicity to non-target organisms; their occurrence is well documented in parts of California, but there have been limited studies in other urban and agricultural areas across the United States. To broaden geographic understanding of pyrethroid distributions, bed sediment samples were collected and analyzed from 36 streams in 25 states, with about 2/ 3 of the sites in urban areas and 1/ 3 in agricultural areas. At least one pyrethroid (of the 14 included in the analysis) was detected in 78% of samples. Seven pyrethroids were detected in one or more samples. Bifenthrin was the most frequently detected (58% of samples), followed by permethrin (31%), resmethrin (17%), and cyfluthrin (14%). The other three detected pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and delta/ tralomethrin) were found in two or fewer of the samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 180 ng g(-1) dry weight. The number of pyrethroids detected were higher in the urban samples than in the agricultural samples, but the highest concentrations of individual pyrethroids were split between urban and agricultural sites. The pyrethroids detected in the agricultural areas generally followed use patterns. Predicted toxicity was greater for urban areas and attributed to bifenthrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, while in agricultural areas the toxicity was mainly attributed to bifenthrin. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 FU USGS FX Kristi Jones helped with the pesticide analysis. James Orlando and Naomi Nakagaki aided in determining the land use near the areas sampled. We are thankful to personnel at the many USGS Water Science Centers for collecting the samples. Funding was provided by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1838 EP 1845 DI 10.1039/c2em10946h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965VW UT WOS:000305796500008 PM 22418650 ER PT J AU Andrews, ED Antweiler, RC AF Andrews, E. D. Antweiler, Ronald C. TI Sediment Fluxes from California Coastal Rivers: The Influences of Climate, Geology, and Topography SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; TRANSVERSE RANGES; CONTINENTAL EROSION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; RATES; DENUDATION; DISCHARGE; DELIVERY; UPLIFT AB The influences of geologic and climatic factors on erosion and sedimentation processes in rivers draining the western flank of the California Coast Range are assessed. Annual suspended, bedload, and total sediment fluxes were determined for 16 river basins that have hydrologic records covering all or most of the period from 1950 to 2006 and have been relatively unaffected by flow storage, regulation, and depletion, which alter the downstream movement of water and sediment. The occurrence of relatively large annual sediment fluxes are strongly influenced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The frequency of relatively large annual sediment fluxes decreases from north to south during La Nina phases and increases from north to south during El Nino phases. The influence of ENSO is modulated over a period of decades by the PDO, such that relatively large annual sediment fluxes are more frequent during a La Nina phase in conjunction with a cool PDO and during an El Nino phase in conjunction with a warm PDO. Values of mean annual sediment flux, (S) over bar (f), were regressed against basin and climatic characteristics. Basin area, bedrock crodibility, basin relief, and precipitation explain 87% of the variation in (S) over bar (f) from the 16 river basins. Bedrock erodibility is the most significant characteristic influencing (S) over bar (f). Basin relief is a superior predictor of (S) over bar (f) compared with basin slope. (S) over bar (f) is nearly proportional to basin area and increases with increasing precipitation. For a given percentage change, basin relief has a 2.3-fold greater effect on (S) over bar (f) than a similar change in precipitation. The estimated natural (S) over bar (f) from all California coastal rivers for the period 1950-2006 would have been approximately 85 million tons without flow storage, regulation, and depletion; the actual (S) over bar (f) has been approximately 50 million tons, because of the effects of flow storage, regulation, and depletion. C1 [Andrews, E. D.; Antweiler, Ronald C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, ED (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eandrews@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 120 IS 4 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1086/665733 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 965FL UT WOS:000305752500001 ER PT J AU Manchester, SR Herrera, F Fourtanier, E Barron, J Martinez, JN AF Manchester, Steven R. Herrera, Fabiany Fourtanier, Elisabeth Barron, John Martinez, Jean-Noel TI Oligocene Age of the Classic Belen Fruit and Seed Assemblage of North Coastal Peru based on Diatom Biostratigraphy SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY; ORIGINS; HISTORY; BASIN AB The Belen flora, in north coastal Peru, is the most diverse fruit and seed assemblage yet known from the Paleogene of South America. Little original paleobotanical work has been performed on this assemblage since the pioneering treatments published by E. W. Berry in the 1920s, and the precise age has not been determined. Nevertheless, the flora has been regarded as a focal point in understanding the vegetational, orogenic, and climatic history of northern South America, and in recent literature it has been assumed to be early Eocene. In order to tighten this age assignment, which has varied from early Eocene to early Oligocene in the opinions of different authors, we revisited the Belen site, measured the stratigraphic section, and processed the fruit-and seed-containing sediment for age-diagnostic microfossils. Although pollen and foraminifera were not recovered, the sediment is rich in diatoms. The diatom assemblage includes Lisitzinia ornata and Rocella vigilans, among others, indicating a latest early Oligocene age (similar to 30-28.5 Ma) for these deeper marine sediments, which we infer to have been subsequently reworked into the Belen environment. We also reevaluate the botanical identifications, which are based on the original museum specimens supplemented by more recently collected specimens. The Belen flora provides a window into extinct forests in South America that were present before the rising of the Andes in western Peru. C1 [Manchester, Steven R.; Herrera, Fabiany] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Herrera, Fabiany] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Fourtanier, Elisabeth] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Barron, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Martinez, Jean-Noel] Univ Nacl Piura, Inst Paleontol, Piura, Peru. RP Manchester, SR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM steven@flmnh.ufl.edu FU National Science Foundation [BSR-0743474] FX Fieldwork and analyses were supported by National Science Foundation grant BSR-0743474 (to S. R. Manchester). We thank F. Navarro for assistance in field reconnaissance and collection. Helpful review comments were provided by C. Jaramillo, T. Lott, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 120 IS 4 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1086/665797 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 965FL UT WOS:000305752500007 ER PT J AU Matthews, NE Huber, C Pyle, DM Smith, VC AF Matthews, N. E. Huber, C. Pyle, D. M. Smith, V. C. TI Timescales of Magma Recharge and Reactivation of Large Silicic Systems from Ti Diffusion in Quartz SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffusion; quartz; silicic magma; timescales; Taupo Volcanic Zone; Toba ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; ABLATION ICP-MS; MULTIPLE RHYOLITE MAGMAS; LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODEL; NEW-ZEALAND; GLASS SHARDS; RESIDENCE TIMES; MELT INCLUSIONS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; WHAKAMARU IGNIMBRITE AB Timescales of magma chamber assembly and recharge are investigated here by applying 1D and 2D diffusion modeling techniques to high-resolution maps of titanium in quartz from a large-volume ignimbrite eruption in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. We compare quartz zonation patterns and associated diffusion timescales from the similar to 340 ka Whakamaru super-eruption (magma volume similar to 1000 km(3)) with the Younger Toba Tuff super-eruption, 74 ka (2000 km(3)), Sumatra, and the smaller volume similar to 50 ka Earthquake Flat eruption (10 km(3)), Okataina Caldera Complex, New Zealand. Two principal timescales are presented: that of chamber recharge and eruption triggering events, and that of magma generation (involving long-term assembly, stirring and reactivation). Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence maps of core-rim quartz transects provide a high-resolution record of magma chamber conditions throughout quartz crystallization. Quartz crystals from the Whakamaru magma display complex zonation patterns indicating fluctuating pressure-temperature conditions throughout the crystallization history. Toba and Earthquake Flat, in contrast, display simple quartz-zoning patterns and record slightly longer periods of crystal residence in the chamber that fed the eruption. We apply Lattice Boltzmann 2D diffusion modeling to reconstruct the timescales of quartz crystal zonation, accounting for crystal boundary complexities. Quartz crystal orientation is also accounted for by using geometry constraints from the synchrotron data. Our calculations suggest that crystal-mush reactivation for the main Whakamaru magma reservoir occured over a period of the order of 10(3)-10(4) years. Both the Earthquake Flat and Toba eruptions experienced a significant recharge event (causing a temperature and pressure change), which occurred within similar to 100 years of eruption. In comparison, the complex Whakamaru quartz zoning patterns suggest that the magma body experienced numerous thermal and compositional fluctuations in the lead-up to eruption. The final magma recharge event, which most probably triggered the eruption, occurred within similar to 10-60 years of the eruption. Even though the volume of these systems spans two orders of magnitude, there does not appear to be a relationship between magma volume and diffusion timescale, suggesting similar histories before eruption. C1 [Matthews, N. E.; Pyle, D. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Huber, C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, V. C.] Univ Oxford, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Matthews, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nmatthews@usgs.gov RI Pyle, David/C-5707-2009; Smith, Victoria/P-6317-2016 OI Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940; Smith, Victoria/0000-0003-0878-5060 FU Diamond Light Source [4842]; Woolf Fisher Trust Scholarship, New Zealand FX This work was carried out with the support of the Diamond Light Source, Beamline I18 (experiment number 4842). N. Matthews was supported by a Woolf Fisher Trust Scholarship, New Zealand. NR 119 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1385 EP 1416 DI 10.1093/petrology/egs020 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 963WA UT WOS:000305654500003 ER PT J AU Henneberry, YK Kraus, TEC Nico, PS Horwath, WR AF Henneberry, Yumiko K. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Nico, Peter S. Horwath, William R. TI Structural stability of coprecipitated natural organic matter and ferric iron under reducing conditions SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; WATER-TREATMENT; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; 6-LINE FERRIHYDRITE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLOW CONDITIONS; REDOX PROCESSES; COAGULATION AB The objective was to assess the interaction of Fe coprecipitated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its effect on Fe (hydr)oxide crystallinity and DOM retention under abiotic reducing conditions. A Fe-based coagulant was reacted with DOM from an agricultural drain and the resulting precipitate (floc) was exposed to S(-II) and Fe(II). Solution concentrations of Fe(II/III) and DOM were monitored, floc crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction, and the composition and distribution of functional groups were assessed using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Results indicate coprecipitation of Fe(III) with DOM forms a non-crystalline floc that withstands crystallization regardless of change in pH, Fe:DOM ratio and type of reductant added. There was no evidence that exposure to reducing conditions led to release of DOM from the floc, indicating that coprecipitation with complex natural DOM in aquatic environments may stabilize Fe (hydr) oxides against crystallization upon reaction with reduced species and lead to long term sequestration of the DOM. STXM analysis identified spatially distinct regions with remarkable functional group purity, contrary to the model of DOM as a relatively uniform complex polymer lacking identifiable organic compounds. Polysaccharide-like OM was strongly and directly correlated with the presence of Fe but showed different Fe binding strength depending on the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups, whereas amide and aromatic functional groups were inversely correlated with Fe content. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Henneberry, Yumiko K.; Horwath, William R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kraus, Tamara E. C.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Nico, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psnico@lbl.gov RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 FU California Department of Water Resource [v4600003886]; US Geological Survey; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences via the LBNL Earth Sciences Sustainable Systems Science focus area [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The overlying project for this work (Low Intensity Chemical Dosing) was initiated by R. Fujii and P. Bachand. Research was made possible from funding by the California Department of Water Resource (Agreement #v4600003886) and matching funds provided by the US Geological Survey. Partial funding was supplied by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences via the LBNL Earth Sciences Sustainable Systems Science focus area under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Access to beamline 5.3.2.2. was provided by the ALS which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under the same contract. We would like to thank R. Dahlgren and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. We would also like to thank T. Doane and J. Nugent for assistance with laboratory analysis and R. Southard for XRD expertise. Use of trade names is for identification purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 95 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.04.005 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 966BH UT WOS:000305811100008 ER PT J AU He, R Wooller, MJ Pohlman, JW Quensen, J Tiedje, JM Leigh, MB AF He, Ruo Wooller, Matthew J. Pohlman, John W. Quensen, John Tiedje, James M. Leigh, Mary Beth TI Shifts in Identity and Activity of Methanotrophs in Arctic Lake Sediments in Response to Temperature Changes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; LANDFILL COVER SOILS; METHANE OXIDATION; ACIDOPHILIC BACTERIUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FOREST SOIL; LENA DELTA; GEN-NOV; PERMAFROST AB Methane (CH4) flux to the atmosphere is mitigated via microbial CH4 oxidation in sediments and water. As arctic temperatures increase, understanding the effects of temperature on the activity and identity of methanotrophs in arctic lake sediments is important to predicting future CH4 emissions. We used DNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), and pyrosequencing analyses to identify and characterize methanotrophic communities active at a range of temperatures (4 degrees C, 10 degrees C, and 21 C) in sediments (to a depth of 25 cm) sampled from Lake Qalluuraq on the North Slope of Alaska. CH4 oxidation activity was measured in microcosm incubations containing sediments at all temperatures, with the highest CH4 oxidation potential of 37.5 mu mol g(-1) day(-1) in the uppermost (depth, 0 to 1 cm) sediment at 21 degrees C after 2 to 5 days of incubation. Q-PCR of pmoA and of the 16S rRNA genes of type I and type II methanotrophs, and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes in C-13-labeled DNA obtained by SIP demonstrated that the type I methanotrophs Methylobacter, Methylomonas, and Methylosoma dominated carbon acquisition from CH4 in the sediments. The identity and relative abundance of active methanotrophs differed with the incubation temperature. Methylotrophs were also abundant in the microbial community that derived carbon from CH4, especially in the deeper sediments (depth, 15 to 20 cm) at low temperatures (4 degrees C and 10 degrees C), and showed a good linear relationship (R = 0.82) with the relative abundances of methanotrophs in pyrosequencing reads. This study describes for the first time how methanotrophic communities in arctic lake sediments respond to temperature variations. C1 [He, Ruo; Leigh, Mary Beth] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [He, Ruo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wooller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Quensen, John; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Leigh, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mbleigh@alaska.edu RI HE, RUO/E-9165-2014; OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT000565] FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (grant DE-NT000565), awarded to Matthew J. Wooller and Mary Beth Leigh. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 89 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4715 EP 4723 DI 10.1128/AEM.00853-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 960GS UT WOS:000305376600021 PM 22522690 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Kemble, NE Allert, AL Brumbaugh, WG Ingersoll, CG Dowling, B Gruenenfelder, C Roland, JL AF Fairchild, J. F. Kemble, N. E. Allert, A. L. Brumbaugh, W. G. Ingersoll, C. G. Dowling, B. Gruenenfelder, C. Roland, J. L. TI Laboratory Toxicity and Benthic Invertebrate Field Colonization of Upper Columbia River Sediments: Finding Adverse Effects Using Multiple Lines of Evidence SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; CLARK-FORK RIVER; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; QUALITY GUIDELINES; AQUATIC MESOCOSMS; LAKE ROOSEVELT; WATER; WASHINGTON; MONTANA; TESTS AB From 1930 to 1995, the Upper Columbia River (UCR) of northeast Washington State received approximately 12 million metric tons of smelter slag and associated effluents from a large smelter facility located in Trail, British Columbia, approximately 10 km north of the United States-Canadian border. Studies conducted during the past two decades have demonstrated the presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in slag-based sandy sediments, including cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead in the UCR area as well as the downstream reservoir portion of Lake Roosevelt. We conducted standardized whole-sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-day) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (10-day) on 11 samples, including both UCR and study-specific reference sediments. Metal concentrations in sediments were modeled for potential toxicity using three approaches: (1) probable effects quotients (PEQs) based on total recoverable metals (TRMs) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs); (2) SEMs corrected for acid-volatile sulfides (AVS; i.e., aSEM - AVS); and (3) aSEM - AVS normalized to the fractional organic carbon (f(oc)) (i.e., aSEM - AVS/f(oc)). The most highly metal-contaminated sample (aPEQ(TRM) = 132; aPEQ(SEM) = 54; aSEM - AVS = 323; and aSEM - AVS/(foc) = 64,600 umol/g) from the UCR was dominated by weathered slag sediment particles and resulted in 80% mortality and 94% decrease in biomass of amphipods; in addition, this sample significantly decreased growth of midge by 10%. The traditional aAVS - SEM, uncorrected for organic carbon, was the most accurate approach for estimating the effects of metals in the UCR. Treatment of the toxic slag sediment with 20% Resinex SIR-300 metal-chelating resin significantly decreased the toxicity of the sample. Samples aSEM - AVS > 244 was not toxic to amphipods or midge in laboratory testing, indicating that this value may be an approximate threshold for effects in the UCR. In situ benthic invertebrate colonization studies in an experimental pond (8-week duration) indicated that two of the most metal-contaminated UCR sediments (dominated by high levels of sand-sized slag particles) exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization compared with sand-based reference sediments. Field-exposed SIR-300 resin samples also exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization numbers compared with reference materials, which may indicate behavioral avoidance of this material under field conditions. Multiple lines of evidence (analytical chemistry, laboratory toxicity, and field colonization results), along with findings from previous studies, indicate that high metal concentrations associated with slag-enriched sediments in the UCR are likely to adversely impact the growth and survival of native benthic invertebrate communities. Additional laboratory toxicity testing, refinement of the applications of sediment benchmarks for metal toxicity, and in situ benthic invertebrate studies will assist in better defining the spatial extent, temporal variations, and ecological impacts of metal-contaminated sediments in the UCR system. C1 [Fairchild, J. F.; Kemble, N. E.; Allert, A. L.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Ingersoll, C. G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Dowling, B.; Gruenenfelder, C.; Roland, J. L.] Washington Dept Ecol, Spokane, WA 99205 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov FU Washington Department of Ecology FX Jesse Arms, Raissa Espejo, Chris Ivey, Lynne Johnson, Steve Olson, and Mike Walther provided technical assistance in this study. Paul Sibley, Jo Ellen Hinck, and two anonymous scientists reviewed the manuscript in accordance with USGS and journal policy. Partial funding was provided by the Washington Department of Ecology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 54 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9752-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 958BG UT WOS:000305210400006 PM 22402778 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Iwanowicz, LR Henderson, H Mazik, PM Jenkins, JA Alvarez, DA Young, JA AF Blazer, Vicki S. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Henderson, Holly Mazik, Patricia M. Jenkins, Jill A. Alvarez, David A. Young, John A. TI Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Smallmouth bass; Potomac River; Reproductive biomarkers; Endocrine disruption ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; WATER TREATMENT WORKS; FLORIDA LARGEMOUTH BASS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; WASTE-WATER; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SEXUAL DISRUPTION; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT AB A high prevalence of intersex or testicular oocytes (TO) in male smallmouth bass within the Potomac River drainage has raised concerns as to the health of the river. Studies were conducted to document biomarker responses both temporally and spatially to better understand the influence of normal physiological cycles, as well as water quality and land-use influences. Smallmouth bass were collected over a 2-year period from three tributaries of the Potomac River: the Shenandoah River, the South Branch Potomac and Conococheague Creek, and an out-of-basin reference site on the Gauley River. The prevalence of TO varied seasonally with the lowest prevalence observed in July, post-spawn. Reproductive maturity and/or lack of spawning the previous spring, as well as land-use practices such as application of manure and pesticides, may influence the seasonal observations. Annual, seasonal, and site differences were also observed in the percentage of males with measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin, mean concentration of plasma vitellogenin in females, and plasma concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in both sexes. Bass collected in the South Branch Potomac (moderate to high prevalence of TO) had less sperm per testes mass with a lower percentage of those sperm being motile when compared to those from the Gauley River (low prevalence of TO). An inverse relationship was noted between TO severity and sperm motility. An association between TO severity and wastewater treatment plant flow, percent of agriculture, total number of animal feeding operations, the number of poultry houses, and animal density within the catchment was observed. C1 [Blazer, Vicki S.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Young, John A.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems; Toxic Substances Hydrology and Fisheries Programs; West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey; West Virginia Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection; Virginia Departments of Game and Inland Fisheries and Environmental Quality; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; US Environmental Protection Agency FX This study was funded by the Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems, the Toxic Substances Hydrology and Fisheries Programs, and the West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the US Geological Survey. Funding was also provided by the West Virginia Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Virginia Departments of Game and Inland Fisheries and Environmental Quality, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and US Environmental Protection Agency. We appreciate the help of Jim Hedrick (WV DNR), Steve Reeser (VAGIF), John Mullican (MD DNR), Chris Guy and Fred Pinkney (FWS), and Jeff Kelble (Shenandoah Riverkeeper) for fish collections. Thanks to Deborah Iwanowicz, Jered Studinski, Emily Chambers, Eric Theall, Heather Ellery, Kathy Spring, and Darlene Bowling for field and laboratory assistance and to Bruce Eilts, Louisiana State University for CASA. We also thank John Sanseverino and Gary Sayler of the Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee (Knoxville, TN) for kindly providing strain BLYES and Greg Weber and the USDA National Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture (Leetown, WV) for permitting us to use their facility to analyze plasma hormones. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 184 IS 7 BP 4309 EP 4334 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 957VT UT WOS:000305195000027 PM 21814719 ER PT J AU Welch, AJ Fleischer, RC James, HF Wiley, AE Ostrom, PH Adams, J Duvall, F Holmes, N Hu, D Penniman, J Swindle, KA AF Welch, A. J. Fleischer, R. C. James, H. F. Wiley, A. E. Ostrom, P. H. Adams, J. Duvall, F. Holmes, N. Hu, D. Penniman, J. Swindle, K. A. TI Population divergence and gene flow in an endangered and highly mobile seabird SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome b; intron; microsatellite; population; Hawaiian petrel; Pterodroma sandwichensis ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DARK-RUMPED PETRELS; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; INTRODUCED PREDATORS; NEWELLS SHEARWATERS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; DISPERSAL PATTERNS; SOFTWARE PACKAGE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; HAWAIIAN PETREL AB Seabirds are highly vagile and can disperse up to thousands of kilometers, making it difficult to identify the factors that promote isolation between populations. The endemic Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) is one such species. Today it is endangered, and known to breed only on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Kauai. Historical records indicate that a large population formerly bred on Molokai as well, but this population has recently been extirpated. Given the great dispersal potential of these petrels, it remains unclear if populations are genetically distinct and which factors may contribute to isolation between them. We sampled petrels from across their range, including individuals from the presumably extirpated Molokai population. We sequenced 524 bp of mitochondrial DNA, 741 bp from three nuclear introns, and genotyped 18 microsatellite loci in order to examine the patterns of divergence in this species and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. Both mitochondrial and nuclear data sets indicated significant genetic differentiation among all modern populations, but no differentiation was found between historic samples from Molokai and modern birds from Lanai. Population-specific nonbreeding distribution and strong natal philopatry may reduce gene flow between populations. However, the lack of population structure between extirpated Molokai birds and modern birds on Lanai indicates that there was substantial gene flow between these populations and that petrels may be able to overcome barriers to dispersal prior to complete extirpation. Hawaiian petrel populations could be considered distinct management units, however, the dwindling population on Hawaii may require translocation to prevent extirpation in the near future. Heredity (2012) 109, 19-28; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.7; published online 21 March 2012 C1 [Welch, A. J.; Fleischer, R. C.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC USA. [Welch, A. J.; Fleischer, R. C.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [James, H. F.; Wiley, A. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wiley, A. E.; Ostrom, P. H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI USA. [Adams, J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Duvall, F.] Dept Land & Nat Resources, Wailuku, HI USA. [Holmes, N.] Kauai Endangered Seabird Recovery Project, Waimea, HI USA. [Hu, D.] Natl Pk Serv, Pacific W Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Penniman, J.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swindle, K. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Law Enforcement, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Welch, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM andreann@buffalo.edu FU Behavior, Ecology and Evolution Program at the University of Maryland; Smithsonian Office of Fellowships; Smithsonian's Walcott Fund; Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics; National Science Foundation [DEB-0745604] FX We thank David Anderson, David Duffy, David Ainley and Seth Judge for access to samples and/or valuable discussion on petrel biology. We thank Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for providing permission to sample salvaged petrel carcasses. For the permission and assistance in sampling museum specimens, we thank James Dean, Megan Spitzer and Christina Gebhard of the Bird Division at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History; Carla Kishinami and Lydia Garetano at the Bernice P Bishop Museum; and Kimball Garrett at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. We thank Amy Wilson, Frank Hailer and Brandt Ryder for discussion on data analysis; Peter Pyle, Hannah Nevins and three anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts, as well as Heather Lerner, Nancy Rotzel, Emily Latch and other members of the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park. Funding for this study was provided by the Behavior, Ecology and Evolution Program at the University of Maryland, the Smithsonian Office of Fellowships, the Smithsonian's Walcott Fund, the Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics and the National Science Foundation (grant # DEB-0745604 to P Ostrom, R Fleischer and H James). Procedures for handling live birds were approved by the Western Ecological Research Center Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 9370BQ9TSK1102) and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 200903). Samples were collected under the Endangered Species Act permit TE-145562 and the cooperative agreement between the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names in this study is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 48 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUL PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1038/hdy.2012.7 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 960CX UT WOS:000305366700004 PM 22434012 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M Hilborn, R AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Michael Hilborn, Ray TI Managing harvest risk with catch-pooling cooperatives SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea crab; catch variability; commercial fisheries; cooperatives; portfolio; risk management ID VALUE-AT-RISK; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT AB Catch-pooling cooperatives are a strategy for fishers to manage variability which can be organized independently of a central management agency. We examined the statistical properties of equal-share catch-pooling cooperatives, and tested their potential to mitigate risk using data from two Bering Sea crab fisheries prior to rationalization. The results suggest that small cooperatives of crabbers could have reduced vessel-level catch risk by as much as 40% in the red king crab fishery, but would have been ineffective in the snow crab fishery. Analytical examination of catch variances under cooperatives explains the discrepancy between the two fisheries and demonstrates that variability reduction depends on the degree of correlation amongst participants' catches. In the best-case scenario, catch-pooling cooperatives can diversify away all season to season variation resulting from individuals' luck and skill, leaving only variation in fishery-wide harvest. C1 [Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sethi, Suresh Andrew; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sasethi@gmail.com RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Moore Foundation; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Science Foundation [1041570] FX SAS was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, the Moore Foundation-funded UW Alaska Salmon Program, and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. RH was supported by National Science Foundation award 1041570. We thank two anonymous reviewers and S. B. M. Kraak for comments which improved this manuscript. We thank B. Garber-Yonts for discussions regarding crab fisheries. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Government. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1044 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss064 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 961JR UT WOS:000305461200012 ER PT J AU Nicolai, CA Sedinger, JS AF Nicolai, Christopher A. Sedinger, James S. TI Are there trade-offs between pre- and post-fledging survival in black brent geese? SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black brent; Branta bernicla nigricans; fitness; habitat selection; survival; trade-offs ID BRANTA-BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; LESSER SNOW GOOSE; LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; NEST-SITE SELECTION; BROOD-REARING AREAS; RED DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FOOD AVAILABILITY AB 1. The growth period is an important determinant of fitness later in life through its effects on first-year survival and future reproduction. Choices by adult females about where to rear their offspring strongly affect growth rates and offspring fitness in geese. 2. Individual female black brent (Branta bernicla nigricans) tend to raise their broods in the same areas each year, and these areas are consistently ranked with respect to growth rates of goslings. Therefore, some females consistently rear their broods on areas resulting in lower post-fledging fitness. 3. We explore the potential that growth rates of offspring (and associated fitness consequences) are traded off against other vital rates influencing fitness of either adult females or goslings. Growth of goslings primarily influences fitness after fledging, so one hypothesis is that survival before fledging, which is influenced by predation, is traded off against growth rates and post-fledging survival. 4. We estimated pre-fledging and post-fledging survival for goslings reared on areas used by broods from the Tutakoke River black brent colony. We examined recaptures, recoveries by hunters and resightings of brent marked as goslings with webtags and standard leg rings. These data were analyzed using capturemarkrecapture models in program mark to derive separate estimates of pre- and post-fledging survival for 18 cohorts (19872004) of black brent goslings across seven brood rearing areas (BRAs). 5. Estimates of pre-fledging survival probability varied from 0.00 +/- 0.00 (mean +/- 95% confidence interval) to 0.92 +/- 0.1; and estimates of post-fledging survival probability varied from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 1.00 +/- 0.08. Substantial variation existed both among BRAs and years but post-fledging survival declined substantially during the study. 6. Pre- and post-fledging survival were positively correlated, exhibiting a quadratic relationship (beta post-fledging survival = 1.00 (+/- 0.47)x-0.83 (+/- 0.480)x2, where x = pre-fledging survival). Therefore, we did not find a trade-off between pre- and post-fledging survival in black brent goslings across BRAs, suggesting that factors other than foraging conditions and predation on goslings must influence selection of BRAs. C1 [Nicolai, Christopher A.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 8,1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM chris_nicolai@fws.gov FU National Science Foundation [OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406, DEB 0743152]; Alaska Science Center (United States Geological Survey); Ducks Unlimited; Black Brant Group (Morro Bay, CA); Ducks Unlimited through the Futch Scholarship; Jay Dow Sr. Wetland Scholarship; Dennis Raveling Scholarship (California Waterfowl Association) FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406, DEB 0743152), the Alaska Science Center (United States Geological Survey), Ducks Unlimited, the Black Brant Group (Morro Bay, CA) and Phil Jebbia (in memory of Marnie Shepherd). Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge provided logistical support. Additional student support was provided by Ducks Unlimited through the Futch Scholarship, Jay Dow Sr. Wetland Scholarship and the Dennis Raveling Scholarship (California Waterfowl Association). B. Anker, M. Anteau, M. Axelson, J. Bacon, R. Baden, T. Barnett, E. Beers, T. Bentzen, L. Bernstein, M. Blom, K. Bollinger, D. Bos, C. Brown, J. Caikoski, E. Carr, J. Chakuchin, M. Chambers, N. Chelgren, D. Christian, R. Clancy, B. Comstock, R. Crain, J. Curtis, K. Degroot, T. Dixon, W. Don, B. Dugger, A. Earp, D. Eichholz, M. Eichholz, S. Farley, P. Flint, P. Freshman, J. Hall, T. Hande, M. Herzog, J. Hill, D. Hoffman, D. Johnson, T. Jones, Y. Kawaguchi, S. Keane, I. Kharitonov, S. Kharitonov, M. Knoche, P. Kugzruk, C. Lake, L. Lake, J. Lawlor, A. Leach, P. Lemons, P. Lemons II, M. Lindberg, B. Lorenz, D. Mason, S. Matsuka, M. McAllister, R. McGuire, D. Messmer, T. Minomoto, J. Morse, G. Moydell, A. Nash, K. Nicholson, A. Nicolai, D. Nicolai, S. Nicolai, D. Nonne, T. Obritchkewitz, W. O'Connell, T. Olson, E. Osnas, J. Otto, H. Panyiak, T. Paragi, A. Perez-Arteaga, B. Person, D. Person, J. Phillipsborn, J. Prop, J. Pratt, C. Pylant, R. Rockwell, T. Rogers, N. Saake, J. Schamber, M. Schreiner, B. Sedinger, M. Shellicans, S. Sindelar, H. Singer, C. Slats, L. Snoddy, C. Stava, A. Stewart, P. Svete, T. Trapp, Y. Uchiro, G. Ulroan, L. Valadez, A. Van Dellen, S. van Laer, C. VanStratt, E. Vaughn, C. Villa, L. Wahlberg, D. Welsh, B. Wentzell, K. Wolfe and D. Youkie worked at the Tutakoke field camp during nesting and/or ringing. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 4 BP 788 EP 797 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01952.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 959SS UT WOS:000305333900007 PM 22304760 ER PT J AU Nicolai, CA Sedinger, JS AF Nicolai, Christopher A. Sedinger, James S. TI Trade-offs between offspring fitness and future reproduction of adult female black brent SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black brent; breeding propensity; clutch size; fitness trade-offs; gosling growth rates; habitat selection ID BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; LESSER SNOW GEESE; BODY-SIZE VARIATION; BREEDING PROBABILITY; BARNACLE GEESE; EMPEROR GEESE; BROOD SIZE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE AB 1. Successful reproduction requires numerous decisions, and some of which may require trade-offs between current and future reproduction. We studied effects of choice of foraging patches on gosling growth and future breeding by mothers in black brent (Branta bernicla nigricans) geese. 2. Specific foraging areas consistently produced high-quality goslings over 21 years. We found a consistent ranking of gosling mass, corrected for age, across brood rearing areas (BRAs) and years [Akaike model weights, Swi = 1.00 for models including additive effects of BRA and year]. Growth of goslings largely determines their future fitness, so areas where goslings grew most rapidly also produced goslings with the highest mean fitness. 3. We used a multistate robust design capturemarkrecapture approach to estimate the probability of transitioning from a breeding state to a non-breeding (unobservable) state as a function of quality of BRA. 4. In the best supported model, transition from a breeding state to a non-breeding state was positively related to gosling growth rates across BRAs. Thus, future reproduction was lower for females using BRAs that produced higher-quality goslings. Our results are consistent with trade-offs by individual brent between fitness of their current offspring and their own reproductive value. C1 [Nicolai, Christopher A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Nicolai, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 8,1340 Financial Blvd,Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502 USA. EM chris_nicolai@fws.gov FU Alaska Science Center (United States Geological Survey); Ducks Unlimited; National Science Foundation [OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406, DEB 0743152]; Ducks Unlimited through the Futch Scholarship; Jay Dow Sr. Wetland Scholarship; Dennis Raveling Scholarship (California Waterfowl Association) FX Funding was provided by the Alaska Science Center (United States Geological Survey), Ducks Unlimited, to the Black brant Group (Morro Bay, CA), Phil Jebbia (in memory of Marnie Shepherd) and the National Science Foundation (OPP 92 14970, DEB 98 15383, OPP 99 85931, OPP 01 96406, DEB 0743152) with logistical support from Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Additional student support was provided by Ducks Unlimited through the Futch Scholarship, Jay Dow Sr. Wetland Scholarship and the Dennis Raveling Scholarship (California Waterfowl Association). B. Anker, M. Anteau, M. Axelson, J. Bacon, R. Baden, T. Barnett, E. Beers, T. Bentzen, L. Bernstein, M. Blom, K. Bollinger, D. Bos, C. Brown, J. Caikoski, E. Carr, J. Chakuchin, M. Chambers, N. Chelgren, D. Christian, R. Clancy, B. Comstock, R. Crain, J. Curtis, K. Degroot, T. Dixon, W. Don, B. Dugger, A. Earp, D. Eichholz, M. Eichholz, S. Farley, P. Flint, P. Freshman, J. Hall, T. Hande, M. Herzog, J. Hill, D. Hoffman, D. Johnson, T. Jones, Y. Kawaguchi, S. Keane, I. Kharitonov, S. Kharitonov, M. Knoche, P. Kugzruk, C. Lake, L. Lake, J. Lawlor, A. Leach, P. Lemons, P. Lemons II, M. Lindberg, B. Lorenz, D. Mason, S. Matsuka, M. McAllister, R. McGuire, D. Messmer, T. Minomoto, J. Morse, G. Moydell, A. Nash, K. Nicholson, A. Nicolai, D. Nicolai, S. Nicolai, D. Nonne, T. Obritchkewitz, W. O'Connell, T. Olson, E. Osnas, J. Otto, H. Panyiak, T. Paragi, A. Perez-Arteaga, B. Person, D. Person, J. Phillipsborn, J. Prop, J. Pratt, C. Pylant, R. Rockwell, T. Rogers, N. Saake, J. Schamber, M. Schreiner, B. Sedinger, M. Shellicans, S. Sindelar, H. Singer, C. Slats, L. Snoddy, C. Stava, A. Stewart, P. Svete, T. Trapp, Y. Uchiro, G. Ulroan, L. Valadez, A. Van Dellen, S. van Laer, C. VanStratt, E. Vaughn, C. Villa, L. Wahlberg, D. Welsh, B. Wentzell, K. Wolfe and D. Youkie assisted with field work. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 4 BP 798 EP 805 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01953.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 959SS UT WOS:000305333900008 PM 22303812 ER PT J AU Ringelman, KM Eadie, JM Ackerman, JT AF Ringelman, Kevin M. Eadie, John M. Ackerman, Joshua T. TI Density-dependent nest predation in waterfowl: the relative importance of nest density versus nest dispersion SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Artificial nest; Nearest-neighbor; Conspecific attraction; Waterfowl; Nest success ID SIMULATED DUCK NESTS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; HABITAT SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; STRIPED SKUNKS; MALLARDS; LANDSCAPES AB When nest predation levels are very high or very low, the absolute range of observable nest success is constrained (a floor/ceiling effect), and it may be more difficult to detect density-dependent nest predation. Density-dependent nest predation may be more detectable in years with moderate predation rates, simply because there can be a greater absolute difference in nest success between sites. To test this, we replicated a predation experiment 10 years after the original study, using both natural and artificial nests, comparing a year when overall rates of nest predation were high (2000) to a year with moderate nest predation (2010). We found no evidence for density-dependent predation on artificial nests in either year, indicating that nest predation is not density-dependent at the spatial scale of our experimental replicates (1-ha patches). Using nearest-neighbor distances as a measure of nest dispersion, we also found little evidence for "dispersion-dependent" predation on artificial nests. However, when we tested for dispersion-dependent predation using natural nests, we found that nest survival increased with shorter nearest-neighbor distances, and that neighboring nests were more likely to share the same nest fate than non-adjacent nests. Thus, at small spatial scales, density-dependence appears to operate in the opposite direction as predicted: closer nearest neighbors are more likely to be successful. We suggest that local nest dispersion, rather than larger-scale measures of nest density per se, may play a more important role in density-dependent nest predation. C1 [Ringelman, Kevin M.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ringelman, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kmringelman@ucdavis.edu RI Ringelman, Kevin/G-9956-2013; Eadie, John/E-4820-2011; OI Ringelman, Kevin/0000-0003-0299-3432 FU National Science Foundation; Delta Waterfowl Association; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment; Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research; UC Davis FX The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Delta Waterfowl Association, Dennis G. Raveling Endowment, Selma-Herr Fund for Ornithological Research, and UC Davis. We are grateful for the cooperation and logistical support provided by the California Department of Fish and Game, California Waterfowl Association, and U. S. Geological Survey. We thank UC Davis and Vega Farms for providing the chicken eggs used in this experiment, and J. Sherba for Weld assistance. We also thank K. Dybala, R. Walsh, E. Porzig, and A. Schmidt for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 2012 VL 169 IS 3 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2228-1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958II UT WOS:000305229400011 PM 22179311 ER PT J AU Alvarez, DA Rosen, MR Perkins, SD Cranor, WL Schroeder, VL Jones-Lepp, TL AF Alvarez, David A. Rosen, Michael R. Perkins, Stephanie D. Cranor, Walter L. Schroeder, Vickie L. Jones-Lepp, Tammy L. TI Bottom sediment as a source of organic contaminants in Lake Mead, Nevada, USA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Lake Mead; Emerging contaminants; WWTP effluents; SPMD; POCIS; Sediment ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; WASTE-WATER; PORE-WATER; IN-SITU; SPMDS; GROUNDWATER; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT AB Treated wastewater effluent from Las Vegas, Nevada and surrounding communities' flow through Las Vegas Wash (LVW) into the Lake Mead National Recreational Area at Las Vegas Bay (LVB). Lake sediment is a likely sink for many hydrophobic synthetic organic compounds (SOCs); however, partitioning between the sediment and the overlying water could result in the sediment acting as a secondary contaminant source. Locating the chemical plumes may be important to understanding possible chemical stressors to aquatic organisms. Passive sampling devices (SPMDs and POCIS) were suspended in LVB at depths of 3.0, 4.7, and 6.7 (lake bottom) meters in June of 2008 to determine the vertical distribution of SOCs in the water column. A custom sediment probe was used to also bury the samplers in the sediment at depths of 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. The greatest number of detections in samplers buried in the sediment was at the 0-10 cm depth. Concentrations of many hydrophobic SOCs were twice as high at the sediment-water interface than in the mid and upper water column. Many SOCs related to wastewater effluents, including fragrances, insect repellants, sun block agents, and phosphate flame retardants, were found at highest concentrations in the middle and upper water column. There was evidence to suggest that the water infiltrated into the sediment had a different chemical composition than the rest of the water column and could be a potential risk exposure to bottom-dwelling aquatic organisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Alvarez, David A.; Perkins, Stephanie D.; Cranor, Walter L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Schroeder, Vickie L.] Five Rivers Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 E New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dalvarez@usgs.gov RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of Rigby Ough and Art Gunzel of the National Park Service Aids to Navigation group (ATON), Jorge Arufe and Jon Wilson of the USGS, and Craig Palmer from the University of Nevada Las Vegas during the field component of this study. Funding for this study was provided by a grant from the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We would like to thank Kent Turner from the National Park Service for his logistical support and encouragement in this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 5 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.040 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958SV UT WOS:000305261900011 PM 22464858 ER PT J AU Briggs, BR Inagaki, F Morono, Y Futagami, T Huguet, C Rosell-Mele, A Lorenson, TD Colwell, FS AF Briggs, Brandon R. Inagaki, Fumio Morono, Yuki Futagami, Taiki Huguet, Carme Rosell-Mele, Antoni Lorenson, Thomas D. Colwell, Frederick S. TI Bacterial dominance in subseafloor sediments characterized by methane hydrates SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrosequencing; Andaman Sea; geologic sediments; chemistry; microbiology; molecular sequence data; lipids ID MARINE SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CASCADIA MARGIN; GAS HYDRATE; PERU MARGIN; DEEP; ARCHAEA; SEA; DIVERSITY; LIPIDS AB The degradation of organic carbon in subseafloor sediments on continental margins contributes to the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. Sediments in the Andaman Sea are composed of 1% marine-derived organic carbon and biogenic methane is present. Our objective was to determine microbial abundance and diversity in sediments that transition the gas hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ) in the Andaman Sea. Microscopic cell enumeration revealed that most sediment layers harbored relatively low microbial abundance (103105cellscm-3). Archaea were never detected despite the use of both DNA- and lipid-based methods. Statistical analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed distinct microbial communities from above, within, and below the GHOZ, and GHOZ samples were correlated with a decrease in organic carbon. Primer-tagged pyrosequences of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that members of the phylum Firmicutes are predominant in all zones. Compared with other seafloor settings that contain biogenic methane, this deep subseafloor habitat has a unique microbial community and the low cell abundance detected can help to refine global subseafloor microbial abundance. C1 [Briggs, Brandon R.; Colwell, Frederick S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Inagaki, Fumio; Morono, Yuki; Futagami, Taiki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Geomicrobiol Grp, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. [Inagaki, Fumio; Morono, Yuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Geobiotechnol & Engn Lab, Submarine Resources Res Project, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. [Huguet, Carme; Rosell-Mele, Antoni] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals ICTA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Rosell-Mele, Antoni] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Colwell, FS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 104 COAS,Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcolwell@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Huguet, Carme/C-6918-2013; Rosell-Mele, Antoni/B-3433-2013; OI Rosell-Mele, Antoni/0000-0002-5513-2647; Huguet, Carme/0000-0001-8025-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory; National Science Foundation - Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science; East Asia Pacific Summer Institute (EASPI); MICINN; European Commission (Marie Curie-IOF); Deep Carbon Observatory; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Marine Biological Laboratory; Subsurface Biosphere Initiative at Oregon State University FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, and a National Science Foundation - Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, East Asia Pacific Summer Institute (EASPI) fellowship. Support for lipid analyses was provided to C. H. with a Juan de la Cierva grant from the MICINN, a fellowship to A. R. M. from the European Commission (Marie Curie-IOF), and the analytical assistance of Nuria Moraleda. Pyrosequencing for this research was conducted as a part of the Census of Deep Life sponsored by the Deep Carbon Observatory and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by Hilary Morrison and Mitch Sogin at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA for assistance with the pyrosequencing and analysis. We thank the scientific parties and vessel crews of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP01) for the collection of samples. We appreciate Hiu Yip who was supported by an undergraduate research fellowship through the Subsurface Biosphere Initiative at Oregon State University for assistance with DNA extraction. Additional samples from Site 17A were provided by Art Spivak to complete the analysis. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 SI SI BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01311.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 957SO UT WOS:000305183300009 PM 22273405 ER PT J AU Toepfer, JA Ford, RM Metge, D Harvey, RW AF Toepfer, J. Amanda Ford, Roseanne M. Metge, David Harvey, Ronald W. TI Impact of fluorochrome stains used to study bacterial transport in shallow aquifers on motility and chemotaxis of Pseudomonas species SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorophore; agarose plug assay; chemotaxis receptor constant ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER; OYSTER; SUBSURFACE; EXPRESSION; NITROGEN; VIRGINIA; REMOVAL AB One of the most common methods of tracking movement of bacteria in groundwater environments involves a priori fluorescent staining. A major concern in using these stains to label bacteria in subsurface injection-and-recovery studies is the effect they may have on the bacterium's transport properties. Previous studies investigated the impact of fluorophores on bacterial surface properties (e.g. zeta potential). However, no previous study has looked at the impact of fluorescent staining on swimming speed and chemotaxis. It was found that DAPI lowered the mean population swimming speed of Pseudomonas putida F1 by 46% and Pseudomonas stutzeri by 55%. DAPI also inhibited the chemotaxis in both strains. The swimming speeds of P.putida F1 and P.stutzeri were diminished slightly by CFDA/SE, but not to a statistically significant extent. CFDA/SE had no effect on chemotaxis of either strain to acetate. SYBR (R) Gold had no effect on swimming speed or the chemotactic response to acetate for either strain. This research indicates that although DAPI may not affect sorption to grain surfaces, it adversely affects other potentially important transport properties such as swimming and chemotaxis. Consequently, bacterial transport studies conducted using DAPI are biased to nonchemotactic conditions and do not appear to be suitable for monitoring the effect of chemotaxis on bacterial transport in shallow aquifers. C1 [Toepfer, J. Amanda; Ford, Roseanne M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Metge, David; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ford, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, 102 Engineers Way,POB 400741, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rmf3f@virginia.edu RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 04-08454]; Graduate Assistantships in Areas of Nation Need (GAANN) Program FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (EAR 04-08454) and the Graduate Assistantships in Areas of Nation Need (GAANN) Program. We would like to thank the Keck Center for Cellular Imaging at the University of Virginia and Dr Ammasi Periasamy for use of their microscopes. We would also like to acknowledge Denis LeBlanc of the USGS for his help on this project and Tao Long for his assistance with preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, the journal, or the authors. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 SI SI BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01355.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 957SO UT WOS:000305183300016 PM 22404159 ER PT J AU Singh, RK Liu, SG Tieszen, LL Suyker, AE Verma, SB AF Singh, Ramesh K. Liu, Shuguang Tieszen, Larry L. Suyker, Andrew E. Verma, Shashi B. TI Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-VAPOR; HEAT-FLUX; EVAPORATION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) has many applications in water resources planning and management, including hydrological and ecological modeling. Availability of satellite remote sensing images is limited due to repeat cycle of satellite or cloud cover. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of different methods namely cubic spline, fixed, and linear for estimating seasonal ET from temporal remotely sensed images. Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model in conjunction with the wet METRIC (wMETRIC), a modified version of the METRIC model, was used to estimate ET on the days of satellite overpass using eight Landsat images during the 2001 crop growing season in Midwest USA. The model-estimated daily ET was in good agreement (R (2) = 0.91) with the eddy covariance tower-measured daily ET. The standard error of daily ET was 0.6 mm (20%) at three validation sites in Nebraska, USA. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the cubic spline, fixed, and linear methods for computing seasonal (July-December) ET from temporal ET estimates. Overall, the cubic spline resulted in the lowest standard error of 6 mm (1.67%) for seasonal ET. However, further testing of this method for multiple years is necessary to determine its suitability. C1 [Singh, Ramesh K.] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.; Verma, Shashi B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rsingh@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU USGS [08HQCN0007] FX This work was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007 with support from the Mendenhall Program of the US Geologic Survey through the Geographic Analysis and Mapping (GAM) and Land Remote Sensing (LRS) programs award to the Land Cover Applications and Global Change Project. We are thankful to our colleagues Jinxun Liu and Yiping Wu for reviewing the initial draft of this manuscript. Valuable comments from the two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of weather data from the High Plains Regional Climate Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply indorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 958EP UT WOS:000305219600006 ER PT J AU Gangoso, L Alcaide, M Grande, JM Munoz, J Talbot, SL Sonsthagen, SA Sage, GK Figuerola, J AF Gangoso, L. Alcaide, M. Grande, J. M. Munoz, J. Talbot, S. L. Sonsthagen, S. A. Sage, G. K. Figuerola, J. TI Colonizing the world in spite of reduced MHC variation SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive potential; Falco genus; immunity; MHC diversity; pathogen-mediated selection ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS IIB GENES; CLASS-I; BALANCING SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; FALCO-PEREGRINUS; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTIONARY; SINGLE AB The major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which harbours the most polymorphic vertebrate genes, plays a critical role in the hostpathogen coevolutionary arms race. However, the extent to which MHC diversity determines disease susceptibility and long-term persistence of populations is currently under debate, as recent studies have demonstrated that low MHC variability does not necessarily hamper population viability. However, these studies typically assayed small and decimated populations in species with restricted distribution, thereby making inferences about the evolutionary potential of these populations difficult. Here, we show that MHC impoverishment has not constrained the ecological radiation and flourishing of falcons (Aves: Falconidae) worldwide. We found two remarkably different patterns of MHC variation within the genus Falco. Whereas MHC variation in kestrels (the basal group within the genus) is very high, falcons exhibit ancestrally low intra- and interspecific MHC variability. This pattern is not due to the inadvertent survey of paralogous genes or pseudogenes. Further, patterns of variation in mitochondrial or other nuclear genes do not indicate a generalized low level of genome-wide variability among falcons. Although a relative contribution of genetic drift cannot be completely ruled out, we propose the falcons went through an evolutionary transition, driven and maintained by natural selection, from primarily highly variable towards low polymorphic and slow-evolving MHC genes with a very specific immune function. This study highlights that the importance of MHC diversity cannot be generalized among vertebrates, and hints at the evolution of compensatory immune mechanisms in falcons to cope with emerging and continuously evolving pathogens. C1 [Gangoso, L.; Munoz, J.; Figuerola, J.] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Dept Wetland Ecol, E-41092 Seville, Spain. [Alcaide, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Grande, J. M.] Univ Nacl la Pampa, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, INCITAP CONICET CECARA, La Pampa, Argentina. [Talbot, S. L.; Sonsthagen, S. A.; Sage, G. K.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Gangoso, L (reprint author), CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Dept Wetland Ecol, Avda Americo Vespucio S-N, E-41092 Seville, Spain. EM laurag@ebd.csic.es RI Figuerola, Jordi/B-7917-2008; Munoz, Joaquin/B-9938-2009; Gangoso, Laura/C-6575-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI Figuerola, Jordi/0000-0002-4664-9011; Munoz, Joaquin/0000-0003-3623-2439; Gangoso, Laura/0000-0002-6205-6769; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative [CGL2009-11445]; EcoGenes [264125] FX We thank R. Burri, A. Roulin, J. Hull and N. Salamin for critical discussions and reading of the manuscript; F. Hiraldo for support; C. Anderson, J. Frick, T. Swem, T. Booms and C. White for kindly providing samples; and J. J. Moreno, J. L. Barroso and E. Luque for help with field work. This study was partially funded by CGL2009-11445 Project and the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative. During the writing, L. G. was supported by the FP7-REGPOT 2010-1 EcoGenes Project (Grant No. 264125). Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1438 EP 1447 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02529.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 957AL UT WOS:000305130800019 PM 22686489 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Schoenfuss, HL Poganski, BH Solem, L AF Custer, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Poganski, Beth H. Solem, Laura TI Exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on tree swallows nesting at Lake Johanna in east central Minnesota, USA SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PFOS; Perfluoroocatane sulfonate; Reproductive effects; Tachycineta bicolor; PFCs ID GREAT BLUE HERON; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SUCCESS; TOXICITY; MALLARD; BIRDS; LIVER AB Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) samples were collected at a reference lake and a nearby lake (Lake Johanna) in east central Minnesota, USA contaminated with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids. Tissues were analyzed for a suite of 13 perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) to quantify exposure and to determine if there was an association between egg concentrations of PFCs and reproductive success of tree swallows. Concentrations of perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) were elevated in all tree swallow tissues from Lake Johanna compared to tissues collected at the reference lake. Other PFCs, except for two, were elevated in blood plasma at Lake Johanna compared to the reference lake. PFOS was the dominant PFC (>75%) at Lake Johanna, but accounted for <50% of total PFCs at the reference lake. There was a negative association between concentrations of PFOS in eggs and hatching success. Reduced hatching success was associated with PFOS levels as low as 150 ng/g wet weight. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.; Poganski, Beth H.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Solem, Laura] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, Environm Anal & Outcomes, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ccuster@usgs.gov; tcuster@usgs.gov; hschoenfuss@stcloudstate.edu; Laura.Solem@state.mn.us RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 33 IS 4 SI SI BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.01.005 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 959HI UT WOS:000305303100015 PM 21296656 ER PT J AU Waldrop, MP Harden, JW Turetsky, MR Petersen, DG McGuire, AD Briones, MJI Churchill, AC Doctor, DH Pruett, LE AF Waldrop, M. P. Harden, J. W. Turetsky, M. R. Petersen, D. G. McGuire, A. D. Briones, M. J. I. Churchill, A. C. Doctor, D. H. Pruett, L. E. TI Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bonanza Creek LTER; Boreal wetland; C and N mineralization; Fungi; Bacteria; Enchytraeids; Soil enzymes; Black spruce; Tussock; Fen ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-C-13 SIGNATURE; DECOMPOSING LITTER; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; BOREAL FOREST; ARCTIC TUNDRA AB Boreal wetlands are characterized by a mosaic of plant communities, including forests, shrublands, grasslands, and fens, which are structured largely by changes in topography and water table position. The soil associated with these plant communities contain quantitatively and qualitatively different forms of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient availability that drive changes in biogeochemical cycling rates. Therefore different boreal plant communities likely contain different soil biotic communities which in turn affect rates of organic matter decomposition. We examined relationships between plant communities, microbial communities, enchytraeids, and soil C turnover in near-surface soils along a shallow topographic soil moisture and vegetation gradient in interior Alaska. We tested the hypothesis that as soil moisture increases along the gradient, surface soils would become increasingly dominated by bacteria and mesofauna and have more rapid rates of C turnover. We utilized bomb radiocarbon techniques to infer rates of C turnover and the C-13 isotopic composition of SUM and respired CO2 to infer the degree of soil humification. Soil phenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities were generally higher in the rich fen compared with the forest and bog birch sites. Results indicated greater C fluxes and more rapid C turnover in the surface soils of the fen sites compared to the wetland forest and shrub sites. Quantitative PCR analyses of soil bacteria and archaea, combined with enchytraeid counts, indicated that surface soils from the lowland fen ecosystems had higher abundances of these microbial and mesofaunal groups. Fungal abundance was highly variable and not significantly different among sites. Microbial data was utilized in a food web model that confirmed that rapidly cycling systems are dominated by bacterial activity and enchytraeid grazing. However, our results also suggest that oxidative enzymes play an important role in the C mineralization process in saturated systems, which has been often ignored. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Waldrop, M. P.; McGuire, A. D.] USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Petersen, D. G.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Geomicrobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [McGuire, A. D.; Churchill, A. C.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Briones, M. J. I.] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Spain. [Doctor, D. H.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Waldrop, MP (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM mwaldrop@usgs.gov RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; Petersen, Dorthe/B-6063-2009; Briones, Maria J.I./K-7577-2014; OI Briones, Maria J.I./0000-0002-4051-8117; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU USGS; USGS Climate Effects Network; Bonanza Creek LTER; NSF [0425328]; Carlsberg foundation [2007_01_0395]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579, DEB-0423442, DEB-0080609, DEB-9810217, DEB-9211769, DEB-8702629]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station [RJVA-PNW-01-JV-11261952-231] FX We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Renata Mendieta and Pedro Rodriguez for assistance with labwork and Nicole McConnell, Claire Treat, Katie Shea, Sara Klapstein, Molly Conlin, Evan Kane, Jamie Hollingsworth, and Bill Cable for their assistance with fieldwork. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics Program, USGS Climate Effects Network, the Bonanza Creek LTER and NSF Ecosystem Science cluster award #0425328, and the Carlsberg foundation (ref: 2007_01_0395). This material was developed in collaboration with the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant Nos. DEB-0620579 (gs6), DEB-0423442 (gs6), DEB-0080609 (gs6), DEB-9810217 (gs6), DEB-9211769 (gs6), DEB-8702629 (gs6) and by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station through agreement number RJVA-PNW-01-JV-11261952-231. USGS support was from the Climate and Land Use Mission Area. We also gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments made by the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. NR 69 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 50 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 956QO UT WOS:000305104400023 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Ray, AM Rogala, JT Holland, MD Houser, JN AF Gray, Brian R. Ray, Andrew M. Rogala, James T. Holland, Mark D. Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Spatial and temporal variation in duckweed and filamentous algal levels in contiguous floodplain lakes of the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE free-floating aquatic macrophytes; Lemnaceae; metaphyton; submersed aquatic vegetation; variance components AB This study examined how free-floating macrophyte cover (principally composed of duckweeds [Lemna spp.]) and prevalence of floating filamentous algal mats (metaphyton) varied within and among lakes within three reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Data were collected using standard sampling approaches over the period 1998 to 2008. Duckweed cover varied primarily within and among lakes; in comparison filamentous algae prevalence varied primarily among lakes and lake-years. Duckweed cover increased with submersed aquatic vegetation (SAY) abundance at within-lake and among-lake-year scales; in comparison, filamentous algae prevalence increased with SAV abundance at within-lake, among-lake and year scales. Given adjustment for SAV, filamentous algae prevalence decreased with increasing lake connectivity but was not statistically associated with annual changes in mean river discharge; duckweed cover was not associated with either connectivity or discharge. Documenting the relatively high levels of variation within lakes and of year-to-year variation in lake means improves our understanding of the dynamic nature of aquatic plant and algal communities in the Upper Mississippi River and will assist efforts to manage or control aquatic plants and nuisance algae in this region. In particular, this work explicitly characterizes sources of variability in free-floating macrophyte cover and filamentous algae prevalence, and highlights how this variation may complicate efforts to evaluate the short-term success of management and control efforts. C1 [Gray, Brian R.; Rogala, James T.; Houser, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ray, Andrew M.] Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Holland, Mark D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Stat, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Upper Mississippi River's Long Term Resource Monitoring Program FX We thank JC Nelson for graphical assistance. This study was funded by the Upper Mississippi River's Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 50 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V33UM UT WOS:000209043700003 ER PT J AU Anthony, SJ St Leger, JA Pugliares, K Ip, HS Chan, JM Carpenter, ZW Navarrete-Macias, I Sanchez-Leon, M Saliki, JT Pedersen, J Karesh, W Daszak, P Rabadan, R Rowles, T Lipkin, WI AF Anthony, S. J. St Leger, J. A. Pugliares, K. Ip, H. S. Chan, J. M. Carpenter, Z. W. Navarrete-Macias, I. Sanchez-Leon, M. Saliki, J. T. Pedersen, J. Karesh, W. Daszak, P. Rabadan, R. Rowles, T. Lipkin, W. I. TI Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH VIRULENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; BINDING; TRANSMISSION; ADAPTATION; SWINE; REPLICATION AB From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SA alpha-2,3 and mammalian SA alpha-2,6 receptors in seal respiratory tract, and the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes bearing either the SA alpha-2,3 or the SA alpha-2,6 receptor. The emergence of this A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 virus may herald the appearance of an H3N8 influenza clade with potential for persistence and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new strains of influenza virus is always of great public concern, especially when the infection of a new mammalian host has the potential to result in a widespread outbreak of disease. Here we report the emergence of an avian influenza virus (H3N8) in New England harbor seals which caused an outbreak of pneumonia and contributed to a U. S. federally recognized unusual mortality event (UME). This outbreak is particularly significant, not only because of the disease it caused in seals but also because the virus has naturally acquired mutations that are known to increase transmissibility and virulence in mammals. Monitoring the spillover and adaptation of avian viruses in mammalian species is critically important if we are to understand the factors that lead to both epizootic and zoonotic emergence. C1 [Anthony, S. J.; Navarrete-Macias, I.; Sanchez-Leon, M.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Karesh, W.; Daszak, P.] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [St Leger, J. A.] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA USA. [Pugliares, K.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA USA. [Ip, H. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Chan, J. M.; Carpenter, Z. W.; Rabadan, R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY USA. [Saliki, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pedersen, J.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Rowles, T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Anthony, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sja2127@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu FU NIH [AI57158, LM010140, CA121852]; NIH/NSF [TW005769]; USAID PREDICT; DTRA FX We acknowledge funding from the NIH: AI57158 (NBC-Lipkin), LM010140, and CA121852; NIH/NSF TW005769; USAID PREDICT; and DTRA. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 AR e00166-12 DI 10.1128/mBio.00166-12 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003DQ UT WOS:000308588800016 PM 22851656 ER PT J AU Quinn, TP Sergeant, CJ Beaudreau, AH Beauchamp, DA AF Quinn, Thomas P. Sergeant, Christopher J. Beaudreau, Anne H. Beauchamp, David A. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of vertical distribution for three planktivorous fishes in Lake Washington SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE diel vertical migration; temperature; predator avoidance; planktivores ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; SMELT SPIRINCHUS-THALEICHTHYS; KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LONGFIN SMELT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; NEOMYSIS-MERCEDIS; FORAGING MODEL; STRIPED BASS AB We sampled three limnetic fish species: juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) in Lake Washington to quantify species-specific patterns of diel vertical migration (DVM). Catch-per-unit-effort data analysed from 15 years of midwater trawling documented seasonal and diel differences in vertical distributions for each species. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the patterns of DVM in Lake Washington were affected by life history, size and morphology. Sockeye salmon showed clear DVM in spring but essentially no DVM in fall, remaining in deep water, whereas three-spine sticklebacks were prevalent at the surface at night in both seasons. In fall, distribution patterns may be explained by differences in thermal performance (e.g., sticklebacks favouring warm water), but the patterns were also consistent with inter-specific differences in predation risk. Younger sockeye salmon and longfin smelt were present in greater proportions higher in the water column during dusk and night periods than older conspecifics. Compared with sockeye salmon, the greater use by three-spine sticklebacks of surface waters throughout the diel cycle during weak thermal stratification in spring was consistent with the hypothesis that sticklebacks armour reduces predation risk, but use of this warmer, metabolically beneficial stratum may also have promoted growth. This study illustrates variation in the vertical distribution of three sympatric planktivores and offers broader implications for the DVM phenomenon and applied lake ecology. C1 [Quinn, Thomas P.; Sergeant, Christopher J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne H.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tquinn@u.washington.edu FU University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Worthington Endowed Professorship; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Department of Ecology; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute; University of Washington, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Washington, Washington Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the vessel crews for sampling assistance and especially Kurt Dobszinsky and the F/V Chasina. We are grateful to Rachel Hovel for sharing unpublished experimental data on thermal bioenergetics of three-spine sticklebacks. Funding was provided by the instructional programme at the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and we thank the many students and teaching assistants for their help. Additional funding was provided by the Worthington Endowed Professorship. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Institute. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00554.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952UP UT WOS:000304818800003 ER PT J AU Kanno, Y Vokoun, JC Holsinger, KE Letcher, BH AF Kanno, Yoichiro Vokoun, Jason C. Holsinger, Kent E. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI Estimating size-specific brook trout abundance in continuously sampled headwater streams using Bayesian mixed models with zero inflation and overdispersion SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish conservation; generalised linear mixed model; global change; Salmonidae; stream habitat ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; CHANNEL NETWORKS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; SUMMER; SALMONIDS AB We examined habitat factors related to reach-scale brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis counts of four size classes in two headwater stream networks within two contrasting summers in Connecticut, USA. Two study stream networks (7.7 and 4.4 km) were surveyed in a spatially continuous manner in their entirety, and a set of Bayesian generalised linear mixed models was compared. Trout abundance was best described by a zero-inflated overdispersed Poisson model. The effect of habitat covariates was not always consistent among size classes and years. There were nonlinear relationships between trout counts and stream temperature in both years. Colder reaches harboured higher trout counts in the warmer summer of 2008, but this pattern was not observed in the cooler and very wet summer of 2009. Amount of pool habitat was nearly consistently important across size classes and years, and counts of the largest size class were correlated positively with maximum depth and negatively with stream gradient. Spatial mapping of trout distributions showed that reaches with high trout counts may differ among size classes, particularly between the smallest and largest size classes, suggesting that movement may allow the largest trout to exploit spatially patchy habitats in these small headwaters. C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Holsinger, Kent E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ykanno@tntech.edu OI Holsinger, Kent/0000-0003-4312-3804 FU Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act; Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust FX This research was financially supported by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection through the State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act, and the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust. We thank a number of people for their field assistance, particularly Neal Hagstrom, Mike Humphreys, Mike Beauchene, Chris Bellucci, Elise Benoit, Mike Davidson, George Maynard and Jason Carmignani. Charles Sutherland provided his assistance with GIS. We are grateful to the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust, Northwest Conservation District, US Army Corps of Engineers and many landowners for granting or facilitating access to private and restricted properties. An earlier version of this manuscript was greatly improved by constructive comments by Eric Schultz, John Volin and two anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 404 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00560.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952UP UT WOS:000304818800009 ER PT J AU White, KP Langley, JA Cahoon, DR Megonigal, JP AF White, K. P. Langley, J. A. Cahoon, D. R. Megonigal, J. P. TI C-3 and C-4 Biomass Allocation Responses to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen: Contrasting Resource Capture Strategies SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Chesapeake Bay; Productivity; Sea level rise; Tidal marsh; Turnover ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEA-LEVEL; INCREASES CARBON; GROUND BIOMASS; FINE ROOTS; MARSH; ENRICHMENT; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS AB Plants alter biomass allocation to optimize resource capture. Plant strategy for resource capture may have important implications in intertidal marshes, where soil nitrogen (N) levels and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are changing. We conducted a factorial manipulation of atmospheric CO2 (ambient and ambient + 340 ppm) and soil N (ambient and ambient + 25 g m(-2) year(-1)) in an intertidal marsh composed of common North Atlantic C-3 and C-4 species. Estimation of C-3 stem turnover was used to adjust aboveground C-3 productivity, and fine root productivity was partitioned into C-3-C-4 functional groups by isotopic analysis. The results suggest that the plants follow resource capture theory. The C-3 species increased aboveground productivity under the added N and elevated CO2 treatment (P < 0.0001), but did not under either added N or elevated CO2 alone. C-3 fine root production decreased with added N (P < 0.0001), but fine roots increased under elevated CO2 (P = 0.0481). The C-4 species increased growth under high N availability both above- and belowground, but that stimulation was diminished under elevated CO2. The results suggest that the marsh vegetation allocates biomass according to resource capture at the individual plant level rather than for optimal ecosystem viability in regards to biomass influence over the processes that maintain soil surface elevation in equilibrium with sea level. C1 [Langley, J. A.; Megonigal, J. P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [White, K. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Ecol & Biogeosci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [White, K. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Langley, J. A.] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Cahoon, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Megonigal, JP (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM adam.langley@villanova.edu; megonigalp@si.edu FU USGS [06ERAG0011]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER62458]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute of Climate Change Research at Tulane University; National Science Foundation [DEB-0950080]; Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank J. Duls, J. Keller, M. Sigrist, G. Peresta, B. Drake, E. Sage, A. Martin, D. McKinley, and N. Mudd for the construction and maintenance of the field site at the Smithsonian Climate Change Facility. The field study was supported by the USGS Global Change Research Program (cooperative agreement 06ERAG0011), the US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER62458), US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute of Climate Change Research at Tulane University, the National Science Foundation's Long-term Research Environmental Biology program (DEB-0950080) and Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, and the Smithsonian Institution. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for the comments that greatly improved this paper. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1035 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9500-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951CF UT WOS:000304697600009 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, BA Fleck, JA Downing, BD Boss, E Pellerin, BA Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH Byington, AA Heim, WA Stephenson, M Fujii, R AF Bergamaschi, Brian A. Fleck, Jacob A. Downing, Bryan D. Boss, Emmanuel Pellerin, Brian A. Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. Byington, Amy A. Heim, Wesley A. Stephenson, Mark Fujii, Roger TI Mercury Dynamics in a San Francisco Estuary Tidal Wetland: Assessing Dynamics Using In Situ Measurements SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Tidal wetlands; San Francisco Bay; Sacramento River; Delta; Mercury flux; Sediment flux; Rivers; Wetlands; Estuaries; Wetland restoration ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENT; DELTA; WATER; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; FLUXES; CARBON AB We used high-resolution in situ measurements of turbidity and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) to quantitatively estimate the tidally driven exchange of mercury (Hg) between the waters of the San Francisco estuary and Browns Island, a tidal wetland. Turbidity and FDOM-representative of particle-associated and filter-passing Hg, respectively-together predicted 94 % of the observed variability in measured total mercury concentration in unfiltered water samples (UTHg) collected during a single tidal cycle in spring, fall, and winter, 2005-2006. Continuous in situ turbidity and FDOM data spanning at least a full spring-neap period were used to generate UTHg concentration time series using this relationship, and then combined with water discharge measurements to calculate Hg fluxes in each season. Wetlands are generally considered to be sinks for sediment and associated mercury. However, during the three periods of monitoring, Browns Island wetland did not appreciably accumulate Hg. Instead, gradual tidally driven export of UTHg from the wetland offset the large episodic on-island fluxes associated with high wind events. Exports were highest during large spring tides, when ebbing waters relatively enriched in FDOM, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and filter-passing mercury drained from the marsh into the open waters of the estuary. On-island flux of UTHg, which was largely particle-associated, was highest during strong winds coincident with flood tides. Our results demonstrate that processes driving UTHg fluxes in tidal wetlands encompass both the dissolved and particulate phases and multiple timescales, necessitating longer term monitoring to adequately quantify fluxes. C1 [Bergamaschi, Brian A.; Fleck, Jacob A.; Downing, Bryan D.; Pellerin, Brian A.; Schoellhamer, David H.; Fujii, Roger] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Boss, Emmanuel] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Byington, Amy A.; Heim, Wesley A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Stephenson, Mark] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Bergamaschi, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM bbergama@usgs.gov RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU California Bay Delta Authority [ERP-00-G01]; United States Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the field and lab staff of the United States Geological Survey California Water Science Center and the California Department of Fish and Game Moss Landing Laboratory. In particular, we would like to express appreciation for the contributions of Megan Lionberger, Gail Wheeler, Erica Kalve, Will Kerlin, Matt Kerlin, Travis Von Dessonneck, Brad Sullivan, Paul Buchanan, Connie Clapton, Autumn Bohnema, and Greg Brewster. We enjoyed many useful discussions with David Krabbenhoft, George Aiken, and Gary Gill, and we thank them for their input. We would also like to thank Matt Cohen, Ann Chalmers, Tonya Clayton, and the anonymous reviewers who helped improve the manuscript. This work was supported by funding from the California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Restoration and Drinking Water Programs (grant ERP-00-G01) and matching funds from the United States Geological Survey Cooperative Research Program. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951CF UT WOS:000304697600010 ER PT J AU Newhard, JJ Love, JW Gill, J AF Newhard, Joshua James Love, Joseph William Gill, John TI Do Juvenile White Perch Morone americana Grow Better in Freshwater Habitats of the Blackwater River Drainage (Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA)? SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Fish growth; CART; Age; Nurseries; Climate change ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; FISH GROWTH; PARTIAL MIGRATION; CONDITION INDEXES; MARINE NURSERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCALE CIRCULI; LIFE-HISTORY; COHO SALMON; ESTUARINE AB Increasing rates of freshwater habitat loss in the Chesapeake Bay (and elsewhere) have renewed interest in the role of freshwater in population integrity for euryhaline fishes. Freshwater habitats may be important nurseries for juveniles of anadromous species. Using length-weight residuals and scales, we determined if body condition and growth of juvenile (< 120 mm total length) white perch Morone americana (a semi-anadromous species) differed between brackish and freshwater tributaries within the Blackwater River drainage (Chesapeake Bay Watershed, U.S.A.). We then examined how monthly variation in body condition varied with monthly variation in selected environmental factors. Body condition differed between tributaries and was greater in freshwater (specific conductivity < 0.45 mS) than brackish water when water temperature was greater than 9.6A degrees C. White perch growth rates did not differ between tributaries, except for a short time during summer or early fall. Some anadromous fishes may spawn in freshwater to promote greater body condition, thereby ensuring a quality contingent of individuals for the population. With continued loss or impairment of freshwater habitat, the availability of nurseries for juvenile white perch will be reduced and reduce the number of quality juveniles recruiting to the adult population. C1 [Newhard, Joshua James; Love, Joseph William] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Newhard, JJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maryland Fishery Resources Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM joshua_newhard@fws.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [0-5218] FX We are grateful to Dr. Dixie Birch and the staff at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge for access to the water and boat usage. We are thankful for the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers, as well as those of the editor. Also, we would like to thank Mike Mackinnon, Ryan Corbin, Dan Luers, Eryn Kahler, Heather Whelan, and Steffi Thomas. This work was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 0-5218). NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9512-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951CF UT WOS:000304697600016 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Lowe, WH Marra, PP AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Lowe, Winsor H. Marra, Peter P. TI Using stable isotopes to test for trophic niche partitioning: a case study with stream salamanders and fish SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coexistence; Dicamptodon aterrimus; diet; headwater stream; stable isotope ID SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; BREEDING SALAMANDER; GENE FLOW; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; CANNIBALISM; EVOLUTION; TROUT; WIDTH AB 1. Stream salamanders and fish often co-occur even though fish prey on and outcompete salamanders. However, the mechanisms that allow palatable salamanders to coexist with fish are unknown. 2. We tested mechanisms in the field that promote coexistence between Idaho giant salamanders (Dicamptodon aterrimus) and stream salmonid fishes in headwater streams. Previous research in this system indicated that salamander dispersal did not promote coexistence with fish. We tested the hypothesis that D center dot aterrimus shift their diet when they occur with fish, facilitating coexistence through local niche partitioning. 3. We used nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to describe the trophic niche of D center dot aterrimus and fish in three co-occurring populations of salamanders and fish and three populations of salamanders without fish. We used two approaches to quantify trophic niche partitioning with stable isotopes: 95% kernel density estimators and isotopic mixing models. 4. We found that salamanders and fish were generalists that consumed aquatic invertebrates primarily, but both species were also cannibalistic and predatory on one another. We also found no support for trophic niche partitioning as a coexistence mechanism because there were no differences in the trophic niche metrics among salamander populations with and without fish. 5. Although we did not identify mechanisms that facilitate salamander and fish coexistence, our empirical data and use of novel approaches to describe the trophic niche did yield important insights on the role of predatorprey interactions and cannibalism as alternative coexistence mechanisms. In addition, we found that 95% kernel estimators are a simple and robust method to describe population-level measure of trophic structure. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology; Charlotte Martin Foundation; Pacific Rivers Council; USGS Montana River Center; University of Montana FX This research was funded by grants from the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology, Charlotte Martin Foundation, the Pacific Rivers Council, USGS Montana River Center and the University of Montana. We thank Christine France (Smithsonian OUSS/MCI Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry Facility) for assistance with sample analysis. We thank Jeff Bates and Joe Hanlon for assisting with fieldwork. This manuscript benefited from the comments of Steve Corn, Megan Layhee, John Maron, Scott Mills, Mike Schwartz, Art Woods and Mike Young. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1399 EP 1409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02800.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 955EU UT WOS:000305000700006 ER PT J AU Kiro, Y Yechieli, Y Voss, CI Starinsky, A Weinstein, Y AF Kiro, Yael Yechieli, Yoseph Voss, Clifford I. Starinsky, Abraham Weinstein, Yishai TI Modeling radium distribution in coastal aquifers during sea level changes: The Dead Sea case SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DELAYED COINCIDENCE COUNTER; TH-SERIES NUCLIDES; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; NATURAL-WATERS; RIFT-VALLEY; U-SERIES; ISOTOPES; BARIUM; COPRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT AB We present a new approach to studying the behavior of radium isotopes in a coastal aquifer. In order to simulate radium isotope distributions in the dynamic flow field of the Dead Sea aquifer, a multi-species density dependent flow model (SUTRA-MS) was used. Field data show that the activity of Ra-226 decreases from 140 to 60 dpm/L upon entering the aquifer from the Dead Sea, and then further decreases linearly due to mixing with Ra-poor fresh water. On the other hand, an increase is observed in the activity of the shorter-lived isotopes (up to 52 dpm/L Ra-224 and 31 dpm/L Ra-223), which are relatively low in Dead Sea water (up to 2.5 dpm/L Ra-224 and 0.5 dpm/L Ra-223). The activities of the short lived radium isotopes also decrease with decreasing salinity, which is due to the effect of salinity on the adsorption of radium. The relationship between Ra-224 and salinity suggests that the adsorption partition coefficient (K) is linearly related to salinity. Simulations of the steady-state conditions, show that the distance where equilibrium activity is attained for each radium isotope is affected by the isotope half-life, K and the groundwater velocity, resulting in a longer distance for the long-lived radium isotopes. K affects the radium distribution in transient conditions, especially that of the long-lived radium isotopes. The transient conditions in the Dead Sea system, with a 1 m/yr lake level drop, together with the radium field data, constrains K to be relatively low (<10). Thus, the sharp decrease in Ra-226 cannot be explained by adsorption, and it is better explained by removal via coprecipitation, probably with barite or celestine. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kiro, Yael; Starinsky, Abraham] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Kiro, Yael; Yechieli, Yoseph] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weinstein, Yishai] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Kiro, Y (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Edmond J Safra Campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM yael.kiro@mail.huji.ac.il FU BSF Rahamimoff Travel Grant for Young Scientists; Hebrew University; Rieger Foundation; Ministry of National Infrastructure FX We thank W. Sanford, A. Provost and J. Hughes for their help with SUTRA-MS. We thank H. Michael for fruitful discussions. We thank Y. Rosenberg for his code and help with calculating the activities of radium, calculations of saturation degrees, and for fruitful discussions. We thank M. Feldman and Y. Shalem for their help with lab work (226Ra, 224Ra and 223Ra measurements). We thank B. Burnett for the 228Ra analysis. We thank O. Yoffe and D. Stiber from the Geological Survey of Israel lab for the major elements and Ba analysis. We thank the reviewers and the associated editor, C. Zhu, for their many constructive comments that improved this paper significantly. We thank Y. Erel, B. Lazar and Y. Kolodny for their advice. We thank the BSF Rahamimoff Travel Grant for Young Scientists which funded the travel expenses of the first author (YK) to the USGS, the Hoffman Leadership and Responsibility Fellowship of the Hebrew University and the Rieger Foundation for the support given while working on this study. We thank the Ministry of National Infrastructure for supporting this research. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 88 BP 237 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.022 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 952BR UT WOS:000304765200016 ER PT J AU Allen, TI Wald, DJ Worden, CB AF Allen, Trevor I. Wald, David J. Worden, C. Bruce TI Intensity attenuation for active crustal regions SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Macroseismic intensity attenuation; Ground-motion to intensity conversion; Site response ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MIDDLE-EAST; EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; PGV; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; EQUATIONS AB We develop globally applicable macroseismic intensity prediction equations (IPEs) for earthquakes of moment magnitude M (W) 5.0-7.9 and intensities of degree II and greater for distances less than 300 km for active crustal regions. The IPEs are developed for two distance metrics: closest distance to rupture (R (rup)) and hypocentral distance (R (hyp)). The key objective for developing the model based on hypocentral distance-in addition to more rigorous and standard measure R (rup)-is to provide an IPE which can be used in near real-time earthquake response systems for earthquakes anywhere in the world, where information regarding the rupture dimensions of a fault may not be known in the immediate aftermath of the event. We observe that our models, particularly the model for the R (rup) distance metric, generally have low median residuals with magnitude and distance. In particular, we address whether the direct use of IPEs leads to a reduction in overall uncertainties when compared with methods which use a combination of ground-motion prediction equations and ground motion to intensity conversion equations. Finally, using topographic gradient as a proxy and median model predictions, we derive intensity-based site amplification factors. These factors lead to a small reduction of residuals at shallow gradients at strong shaking levels. However, the overall effect on total median residuals is relatively small. This is in part due to the observation that the median site condition for intensity observations used to develop these IPEs is approximately near the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program CD site-class boundary. C1 [Allen, Trevor I.] Geosci Australia, Div Energy, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Worden, C. Bruce] Synergetics Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Allen, TI (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Div Energy, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM trevor.allen@ga.gov.au; wald@usgs.gov; cbworden@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 409 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s10950-012-9278-7 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 953PQ UT WOS:000304883300004 ER PT J AU Amish, SJ Hohenlohe, PA Painter, S Leary, RF Muhlfeld, C Allendorf, FW Luikart, G AF Amish, Stephen J. Hohenlohe, Paul A. Painter, Sally Leary, Robb F. Muhlfeld, Clint Allendorf, Fred W. Luikart, Gordon TI RAD sequencing yields a high success rate for westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout species-diagnostic SNP assays SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation genomics; hybridization; introgression; invasive species; microfluidic PCR; salmonids; SNP; trout species identification ID DISCOVERY; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; GENOME; WILD AB Hybridization with introduced rainbow trout threatens most native westslope cutthroat trout populations. Understanding the genetic effects of hybridization and introgression requires a large set of high-throughput, diagnostic genetic markers to inform conservation and management. Recently, we identified several thousand candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on RAD sequencing of 11 westslope cutthroat trout and 13 rainbow trout individuals. Here, we used flanking sequence for 56 of these candidate SNP markers to design high-throughput genotyping assays. We validated the assays on a total of 92 individuals from 22 populations and seven hatchery strains. Forty-six assays (82%) amplified consistently and allowed easy identification of westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout alleles as well as heterozygote controls. The 46 SNPs will provide high power for early detection of population admixture and improved identification of hybrid and nonhybridized individuals. This technique shows promise as a very low-cost, reliable and relatively rapid method for developing and testing SNP markers for nonmodel organisms with limited genomic resources. C1 [Amish, Stephen J.; Painter, Sally; Allendorf, Fred W.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hohenlohe, Paul A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, CIBIO, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. RP Amish, SJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM stephen.amish@umontana.edu OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU NIH COBRE [5P20RR016448]; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative ( US Department of Interior); NSF [DEB 0742181] FX PAH was supported by NIH COBRE grant 5P20RR016448 (L. Forney, PI). Funding was provided in part by the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative ( US Department of Interior). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments. GL & FWA were supported by NSF DEB 0742181. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03157.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 956DO UT WOS:000305070300010 PM 22672623 ER PT J AU Nanus, L Clow, DW Saros, JE Stephens, VC Campbell, DH AF Nanus, Leora Clow, David W. Saros, Jasmine E. Stephens, Verlin C. Campbell, Donald H. TI Mapping critical loads of nitrogen deposition for aquatic ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Critical loads; Atmospheric deposition; Nitrogen; Aquatic ecosystems; Rocky Mountains ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC-DEPOSITION; NATIONAL-PARKS; ALPINE LAKES; RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOREST SOILS AB Spatially explicit estimates of critical loads of nitrogen (N) deposition (CLNdep) for nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosystems were developed for the Rocky Mountains, USA, using a geostatistical approach. The lowest CLNdep estimates (<1.5 +/- 1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) occurred in high-elevation basins with steep slopes, sparse vegetation, and abundance of exposed bedrock and talus. These areas often correspond with areas of high N deposition (>3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), resulting in CLNdep exceedances >= 1.5 +/- 1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). CLNdep and CLNdep exceedances exhibit substantial spatial variability related to basin characteristics and are highly sensitive to the NO3- threshold at which ecological effects are thought to occur. Based on an NO3- threshold of 0.5 mu mol L-1, N deposition exceeds CLNdep in 21 +/- 8% of the study area; thus, broad areas of the Rocky Mountains may be impacted by excess N deposition, with greatest impacts at high elevations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nanus, Leora; Clow, David W.; Stephens, Verlin C.; Campbell, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Saros, Jasmine E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Nanus, L (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM Inanus@sfsu.edu; dwclow@usgs.gov; jasmine.saros@maine.edu; cory@usgs.gov; dhcampbe@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 166 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.019 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948ON UT WOS:000304512600016 PM 22504426 ER PT J AU Day, RD Roseneau, DG Vander Pol, SS Hobson, KA Donard, OFX Pugh, RS Moors, AJ Becker, PR AF Day, Rusty D. Roseneau, David G. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Hobson, Keith A. Donard, Olivier F. X. Pugh, Rebecca S. Moors, Amanda J. Becker, Paul R. TI Regional, temporal, and species patterns of mercury in Alaskan seabird eggs: Mercury sources and cycling or food web effects? SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Carbon; Nitrogen; Seabird egg; Trophic level ID BERING SEA; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE; CARBON; METHYLMERCURY; CIRCULATION; SHELLFISH; NITROGEN AB Mercury concentration ([Hg]), delta N-15, and delta C-13 values were measured in eggs from common murres (Uria aalge), thick-billed murres (U. lomvia), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and glaucous-winged gulls (L glaucescens) collected in Alaska from 1999 to 2005. [Hg] was normalized to a common trophic level using egg delta N-15 values and published Hg trophic magnification factors. Egg [Hg] was higher in murres from Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and Norton Sound regions compared to Bering Sea and Bering Strait regions, independent of trophic level. We believe the Yukon River outflow and terrestrial Hg sources on the southern Seward Peninsula are responsible for the elevated [Hg] in Norton Sound eggs. Normalizing for trophic level generally diminished or eliminated differences in [Hg] among taxa, but temporal variability was unrelated to trophic level. Normalizing murre egg [Hg] by trophic level improves the confidence in regional comparisons of Hg sources and biogeochemical cycling in Alaska. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda J.; Becker, Paul R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Day, Rusty D.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Equipe Chim Analyt Biolnorgan & Environm, CNRS UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0534-321]; NIST; AMNWR FX Adrian Gall, Larua Greffenius, Susan Hatch, Arthur Kettle, Dean Kildaw, Earl Kingik, Jackson Mokiyuk, Alexis Paul, Leslie Slater, Julie Snorek, and the residents of Little Diomede Island for collecting eggs. Lesley Chappel, Kristin Simac, Lauren Rust, and Michael Ellisor for processing and homogenizing eggs. Blanca Mora Alvarez for preparing subsamples for the stable isotope work and Myles Stocki for analyzing eggs for delta13C and delta15N. The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 0534-321), NIST, and AMNWR provided funding and support for this study. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 166 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948ON UT WOS:000304512600029 PM 22522226 ER PT J AU Peitzsch, EH Hendrikx, J Fagre, DB Reardon, B AF Peitzsch, Erich H. Hendrikx, Jordy Fagre, Daniel B. Reardon, Blase TI Examining spring wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avalanches; Avalanche forecasting; Wet slab; Glide; Wet snow; Glacier National Park; Montana ID REGRESSION TREES; CLASSIFICATION; MOUNTAIN AB Wet slab and glide snow avalanches are dangerous and yet can be particularly difficult to predict. Wet slab and glide avalanches are presumably triggered by free water moving through the snowpack and the subsequent interaction with layer or ground interfaces, and typically occur in the spring during warming and subsequent melt periods. In Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, both types of avalanches can occur in the same year and affect the spring opening operations of the Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR). We investigated the timing of wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the GTSR from 2003 to 2011 using meteorological and snowpack data from two high-elevation weather stations, one SNOTEL site, and an avalanche database to characterize 55 wet slab and 182 glide avalanches. Daily wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence were combined to represent an avalanche day and were compared to non-avalanche days (no avalanche occurrence) for 60 variables (both direct and derived measurements) using a univariate analysis. A classification tree (CART) was then trained to capture the most important variables for examining specific meteorological and snowpack variables that contribute to these types of wet snow avalanches. The CART was 10-fold cross validated using the data for 2003-2010 seasons and resulted in overall predictive accuracy of 73%. We then used the statistically optimal CART as a predictive model for the spring avalanche season of 2011, which resulted in an overall predictive accuracy of 82% for both avalanche and non-avalanche days, and a predictive accuracy of 91% for avalanche days. The results suggest that the role of air temperature and snowpack settlement appear to be the most important variables in wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence. When applied to the 2011 season, the results of the CART model are encouraging and they enhance our understanding of some of the required meteorological and snowpack conditions for wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Peitzsch, Erich H.; Fagre, Daniel B.; Reardon, Blase] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Hendrikx, Jordy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Peitzsch, EH (reprint author), USGS Global Change Bldg 4,Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM epeitzsch@usgs.gov; jordy.hendrikx@montana.edu; dan_fagre@usgs.gov; blase.reardon@gmail.com OI Peitzsch, Erich/0000-0001-7624-0455; Hendrikx, Jordy/0000-0001-6194-3596 FU USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; USGS/GNP; New Zealand Royal Society International Science and Technology (ISAT) FX We would like to thank Chris Lundy for his valuable observations and the initial creation of the database, and Eric Knoff and Mark Dundas for their keen observations. We also thank the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center for supporting, in part, the USGS/GNP avalanche program. Jordy Hendrikx also gratefully acknowledges the support from the New Zealand Royal Society International Science and Technology (ISAT) Linkages Fund for travel funding to support his initial involvement in this work in Montana, USA. We extend our gratitude to the National Park Service and the Roads Department in Glacier National Park as well. We also thank Kathi Irvine and an anonymous reviewer for the thorough comments that greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 78 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 945QL UT WOS:000304291000007 ER PT J AU Warner, DM Claramunt, RM Schaeffer, JS Yule, DL Hrabik, TR Pientka, B Rudstam, LG Holuszko, JD O'Brien, TP AF Warner, David M. Claramunt, Randall M. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Yule, Daniel L. Hrabik, Tom R. Pientka, Bernie Rudstam, Lars G. Holuszko, Jeffrey D. O'Brien, Timothy P. TI Relationship between mid-water trawling effort and catch composition uncertainty in two large lakes (Huron and Michigan) dominated by alosines, osmerids, and coregonines SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Acoustics; Trawling; Effort ID FISH; BIOMASS; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; DEEP; IDENTIFICATION; STRENGTH; SUPERIOR AB Because it is not possible to identify species with echosounders alone, trawling is widely used as a method for collecting species and size composition data for allocating acoustic fish density estimates to species or size groups. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, data from midwater trawls are commonly used for such allocations. However, there are no rules for how much midwater trawling effort is required to adequately describe species and size composition of the pelagic fish communities in these lakes, so the balance between acoustic sampling effort and trawling effort has been unguided. We used midwater trawl data collected between 1986 and 2008 in lakes Michigan and Huron and a variety of analytical techniques to develop guidance for appropriate levels of trawl effort. We used multivariate regression trees and re-sampling techniques to i. identify factors that influence species and size composition of the pelagic fish communities in these lakes, ii. identify stratification schemes for the two lakes, iii. determine if there was a relationship between uncertainty in catch composition and the number of tows made, and iv. predict the number of tows required to reach desired uncertainty targets. We found that depth occupied by fish below the surface was the most influential explanatory variable. Catch composition varied between lakes at depths <38.5 m below the surface, but not at depths >= 38.5 m below the surface. Year, latitude, and bottom depth influenced catch composition in the near-surface waters of Lake Michigan, while only year was important for Lake Huron surface waters. There was an inverse relationship between RSE [relative standard error = 100 x (SE/mean)] and the number of tows made for the proportions of the different size and species groups. We found for the fifth (Lake Huron) and sixth (Lake Michigan) largest lakes in the world, 15-35 tows were adequate to achieve target RSEs (15% and 30%) for ubiquitous species, but rarer species required much higher, and at times, impractical effort levels to reach these targets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warner, David M.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; Holuszko, Jeffrey D.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. [Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, E Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Hrabik, Tom R.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Pientka, Bernie] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. RP Warner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dmwarner@usgs.gov; claramuntr@michigan.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov; dyule@usgs.gov; trabik@umn.edu; Bernie.Pientka@state.vt.usa; lgr1@cornell.edu; jholuszko@usgs.gov; tiobrien@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 123 SI SI BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.021 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944RZ UT WOS:000304222800010 ER PT J AU Dennerline, DE Jennings, CA Degan, DJ AF Dennerline, Donald E. Jennings, Cecil A. Degan, Donald J. TI Relationships between hydroacoustic derived density and gill net catch: Implications for fish assessments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroacoustics; Gill nets; Sampling; Mixed models; AIC ID SELECTIVITY; LAKE; ABUNDANCE; STOCK; POPULATIONS AB In this paper, we describe our assessment of whether gill nets and hydroacoustics provided similar inferences on the local abundance of fishes and whether gill net catch could be used to predict acoustic-derived abundances. We collected hydroacoustic and gill netting samples from a restricted area of large hydropower reservoir in the southeastern United States. We used mixed linear models in an information theoretic framework to model acoustic-derived abundances as a function of gill net catch and a variety of biological and environmental covariates. Overall, gill net catch was a poor predictor of acoustic-derived abundance and the best model only accounted for 39.6% of the within year variation. In fact, a gill net catch (e.g., 100 fish/net) was approximately equally likely across several orders of magnitude in fish abundance. This result suggests that gill net catch was unable to reliably discern substantive changes in fish abundance. Consequently, the most appropriate role for gill nets in fisheries research assessments may be to: (1) supplement hydroacoustic data by providing information on species composition and fish sizes and (2) provide information on metrics other than fish abundance, such as fish growth and condition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dennerline, Donald E.; Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Degan, Donald J.] Aquacoustics Inc, Sterling, AK 99672 USA. RP Dennerline, DE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM don_dennerline@usgs.gov FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Geological Survey; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Geological Survey, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The authors would also like to thank the many individuals that were actively involved with collection of the gill net and hydroacoustic data including Eugene Crouch, Peter Dimmick, William Jabour, John Ruiz and Jamie Sykes. Lastly, we thank several anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that greatly improved this paper. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 123 SI SI BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.012 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944RZ UT WOS:000304222800012 ER PT J AU Treseder, KK Balser, TC Bradford, MA Brodie, EL Dubinsky, EA Eviner, VT Hofmockel, KS Lennon, JT Levine, UY MacGregor, BJ Pett-Ridge, J Waldrop, MP AF Treseder, Kathleen K. Balser, Teri C. Bradford, Mark A. Brodie, Eoin L. Dubinsky, Eric A. Eviner, Valerie T. Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Lennon, Jay T. Levine, Uri Y. MacGregor, Barbara J. Pett-Ridge, Jennifer Waldrop, Mark P. TI Integrating microbial ecology into ecosystem models: challenges and priorities SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Functional groups; Global change; Nitrogen; Precipitation; Temporal dynamics; Warming ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NITROGEN ADDITIONS; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY; BOREAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL ADAPTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE AB Microbial communities can potentially mediate feedbacks between global change and ecosystem function, owing to their sensitivity to environmental change and their control over critical biogeochemical processes. Numerous ecosystem models have been developed to predict global change effects, but most do not consider microbial mechanisms in detail. In this idea paper, we examine the extent to which incorporation of microbial ecology into ecosystem models improves predictions of carbon (C) dynamics under warming, changes in precipitation regime, and anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment. We focus on three cases in which this approach might be especially valuable: temporal dynamics in microbial responses to environmental change, variation in ecological function within microbial communities, and N effects on microbial activity. Four microbially-based models have addressed these scenarios. In each case, predictions of the microbial-based models differ-sometimes substantially-from comparable conventional models. However, validation and parameterization of model performance is challenging. We recommend that the development of microbial-based models must occur in conjunction with the development of theoretical frameworks that predict the temporal responses of microbial communities, the phylogenetic distribution of microbial functions, and the response of microbes to N enrichment. C1 [Treseder, Kathleen K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Balser, Teri C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Brodie, Eoin L.; Dubinsky, Eric A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eviner, Valerie T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hofmockel, Kirsten S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Levine, Uri Y.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [MacGregor, Barbara J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Pett-Ridge, Jennifer] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NanoSIMS Grp, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Treseder, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM treseder@uci.edu RI Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011; Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012; MacGregor, Barbara/D-9911-2013; Dubinsky, Eric/D-3787-2015; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; OI Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331; MacGregor, Barbara/0000-0003-1238-5799; Dubinsky, Eric/0000-0002-9420-6661; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology FX We are grateful for the intellectual contributions of the participants of the "Micro/Macroscale" workshop: S. D. Allison, K. L. Amatangelo, D. J. Bradley, N. Cavallaro, A. R. Contosta, N. Fierer, S. D. Frey, M. E. Gallo, A. S. Grandy, C. V. Hawkes, K. Lloyd, K. D. McMahon, S. K. McMahon, J. S. Powers, J. P. Schimel, A. Shade, W. L. Silver, R. L. Sinsabaugh, and M. S. Strickland. This work was sponsored by grants from the US National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology to TCB and KKT. NR 112 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 15 U2 142 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9636-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 933QT UT WOS:000303377800002 ER PT J AU Kennen, JG Sullivan, DJ May, JT Bell, AH Beaulieu, KM Rice, DE AF Kennen, Jonathan G. Sullivan, Daniel J. May, Jason T. Bell, Amanda H. Beaulieu, Karen M. Rice, Donald E. TI Temporal changes in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblages in streams of the north-central and northeastern US SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecological trends; Invertebrate; Fish; Land-use; Time series; Metrics ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-COVER DATABASE; LONG-TERM; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; ROUND GOBY; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; URBAN LANDSCAPE; SPECIES TRAITS AB Many management agencies seek to evaluate temporal changes in aquatic assemblages at monitoring sites, but few have sites with ecological time series that are long enough for this purpose. Trends in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblage composition were assessed at 27 long-term monitoring sites in the north-central and northeastern United States. Temporal changes were identified using serial trend analysis. Sites with significant serial trends were further evaluated by relating explanatory environmental variables (e.g., streamflow, habitat, and water chemistry) to changes in assemblage composition. Significant trends were found at 19 of 27 study sites; however, differences in the sensitivity of the aquatic fauna to environmental stressors were identified. For example, significant trends in fish assemblages were found at more sites (15 of 27) than for aquatic-invertebrate assemblages (10 of 27 sites). In addition, trends in the invertebrate assemblage were most often explained by changes in streamflow processes (e.g., duration and magnitude of low- and high-flows, streamflow variability, and annual rates of change), whereas trends in the fish assemblage were more related to changes in water chemistry. Results illustrate the value of long-term monitoring for the purpose of assessing temporal trends in aquatic assemblages. The ability to detect trends in assemblage composition and to attribute these changes to environmental factors is necessary to understand mechanistic pathways and to further our understanding of how incremental anthropogenic alterations modify aquatic assemblages over time. Finally, this study's approach to trends analysis can be used to better inform the design of monitoring programs as well as support the ongoing management needs of stakeholders, water-resource agencies, and policy makers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kennen, Jonathan G.; Rice, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Sullivan, Daniel J.; Bell, Amanda H.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [May, Jason T.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Beaulieu, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Kennen, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Suite 206, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jgkennen@usgs.gov NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 18 BP 312 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.022 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 932IQ UT WOS:000303284500036 ER PT J AU Tillman, FD Callegary, JB Nagler, PL Glenn, EP AF Tillman, F. D. Callegary, J. B. Nagler, P. L. Glenn, E. P. TI A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation in the basin and range province of Arizona using remote sensing information and geographic information systems SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Groundwater; Remote sensing; Riparian water use; Semi-arid environments ID RIPARIAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INDEX; MODIS AB Groundwater is a vital water resource in the arid to semi-arid southwestern United States. Accurate accounting of inflows to and outflows from the groundwater system is necessary to effectively manage this shared resource, including the important outflow component of groundwater discharge by vegetation. A simple method for estimating basin-scale groundwater discharge by vegetation is presented that uses remote sensing data from satellites, geographic information systems (GIS) land cover and stream location information, and a regression equation developed within the Southern Arizona study area relating the Enhanced Vegetation Index from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to measured evapotranspiration. Results computed for 16-day composited satellite passes over the study area during the 2000 through 2007 time period demonstrate a sinusoidal pattern of annual groundwater discharge by vegetation with median values ranging from around 0.3 mm per day in the cooler winter months to around 1.5 mm per day during summer. Maximum estimated annual volume of groundwater discharge by vegetation was between 1.4 and 1.9 billion m(3) per year with an annual average of 1.6 billion m(3). A simplified accounting of the contribution of precipitation to vegetation greenness was developed whereby monthly precipitation data were subtracted from computed vegetation discharge values, resulting in estimates of minimum groundwater discharge by vegetation. Basin-scale estimates of minimum and maximum groundwater discharge by vegetation produced by this simple method are useful bounding values for groundwater budgets and groundwater flow models, and the method may be applicable to other areas with similar vegetation types. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tillman, F. D.; Callegary, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nagler, P. L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Tillman, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave,Ste 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ftillman@usgs.gov OI Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517; Tillman, Fred/0000-0002-2922-402X FU USGS FX This project was supported by the USGS Water Availability and Use Pilot Program, Southwest Alluvial Basins project. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 82 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.02.010 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 935VE UT WOS:000303549500005 ER PT J AU Burger, J Niles, LJ Porter, RR Dey, AD Koch, S Gordon, C AF Burger, Joanna Niles, Lawrence J. Porter, Ronald R. Dey, Amanda D. Koch, Stephanie Gordon, Caleb TI Using a shore bird (red knot) fitted with geolocators to evaluate a conceptual risk model focusing on offshore wind SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Shorebird; Red knot; Wind power; Risk evaluation; Atlantic coast; Offshore development ID DELAWARE BAY; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; POPULATION-SIZE; LESSER KESTRELS; UNITED-STATES; BODY STORES; MIGRATION; MANAGEMENT; STOPOVER AB With a worldwide increase in energy needs, many countries are increasing their development of renewable sources, such as wind and solar. We examined possible risk to a migrating and wintering shorebird (red knots Calidris canutus rufa) along the Atlantic Coast of the United States by developing a conceptual model of assessment endpoints, stressors, exposure, and effects characterization, and testing the applicability of knots fitted with geolocators to provide data for salient aspects of exposure and risk for coastal and offshore development. Birds were fitted with geolocators in Delaware Bay (New Jersey) and Monomoy Refuge (Massachusetts) in 2009, and recaptured at the same locations in 2010. The knots recaptured in Delaware Bay were long-distance migrants that spent less time along the Atlantic Coast (<7%, N = 3), while the knots recaptured in Monomoy spent over half of the year migrating, at stopovers, and wintering along the Atlantic Coast (>60%, N = 6 with one-year cycle). The continuous record of geolocators provides useful data for a risk evaluation about: (1) high use areas for this shorebird (2) migration, staging and wintering areas, (3) possible foraging times while at stopovers, (4) synchrony of arrival and departure times, (5) weight or condition following a yearly cycle, and (6) direction of movements over the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (AOCS), a potential risk consideration with respect to offshore wind development. All knots crossed the AOCS at least twice during long-distance flights, and more often on shorter flights. The knots captured at Monomoy spent over 60% of their cycle while migrating, at stopovers, and while wintering along the Atlantic coast, suggesting the importance of this region to conservation of knots. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burger, Joanna] Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Burger, Joanna; Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife, Greenwich, NJ 08323 USA. [Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Endangered & Nongame Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Koch, Stephanie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Massachusetts Natl Wildlife Refuge Comple, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Gordon, Caleb] Norrnandeau Associates, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) within Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Normandeau Associates [M08PC20060]; Natural Land Trust of NJ; Rutgers University; Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ FX This study was funded by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE, formerly Mineral Management Service) within the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Normandeau Associates (formerly Pandion Systems, M08PC20060), Natural Land Trust of NJ, Rutgers University, and the Conserve Wildlife Foundation of NJ. We are grateful to the many people who helped us trap Red Knots each year, and to the agencies that granted us access to land, including the National Park Service and the Town of Chatham, MA. We especially thank J.R. Jehl Jr. for his insightful review of an earlier draft of the ms, Jeannine Parvin, the administrator for the Red Knot data base (www.bandedbirds.org), for her comments on the ms and data on the marked knots, and the shorebird re-sighting organizations that contribute to this database, including Conserve Wildlife Foundation of New Jersey, Endangered and Nongame Species Program of NJDEP, Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program of the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, New Jersey Audubon Society, Virginia Center for Conservation Biology, NE Florida/Southern Georgia Resighting Project, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. We also thank Kate Iaquinto and Matt Boarman of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Brian Harrington of the Manomet Center for Conservation Science for their help during this work. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JUL PY 2012 VL 43 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2011.11.006 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 905YG UT WOS:000301311500039 ER PT J AU Drummond, MA Auch, RF Karstensen, KA Sayler, KL Taylor, JL Loveland, TR AF Drummond, Mark A. Auch, Roger F. Karstensen, Krista A. Sayler, Kristi L. Taylor, Janis L. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Land change variability and human-environment dynamics in the United States Great Plains SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Great plains; Agriculture; Land-cover change; Human-environment system; Land management ID COVER CHANGE; SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; GRASSLAND; CARBON; COUNTY; WATER; USA; SUSTAINABILITY AB Land use and land cover changes have complex linkages to climate variability and change, biophysical resources, and socioeconomic driving forces. To assess these land change dynamics and their causes in the Great Plains, we compare and contrast contemporary changes across 16 ecoregions using Landsat satellite data and statistical analysis. Large-area change analysis of agricultural regions is often hampered by change detection error and the tendency for land conversions to occur at the local-scale. To facilitate a regional-scale analysis, a statistical sampling design of randomly selected 10 km x 10 km blocks is used to efficiently identify the types and rates of land conversions for four time intervals between 1973 and 2000, stratified by relatively homogenous ecoregions. Nearly 8% of the overall Great Plains region underwent land-use and land-cover change during the study period, with a substantial amount of ecoregion variability that ranged from less than 2% to greater than 13%. Agricultural land cover declined by more than 2% overall, with variability contingent on the differential characteristics of regional human-environment systems. A large part of the Great Plains is in relatively stable land cover. However, other land systems with significant biophysical and climate limitations for agriculture have high rates of land change when pushed by economic, policy, technology, or climate forcing factors. The results indicate the regionally based potential for land cover to persist or fluctuate as land uses are adapted to spatially and temporally variable forcing factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Auch, Roger F.; Sayler, Kristi L.; Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Karstensen, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Geog Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Taylor, Janis L.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Drummond, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM madrummond@usgs.gov OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044 NR 74 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 EI 1873-5754 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 710 EP 723 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.007 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898MF UT WOS:000300745800025 ER PT J AU Blazewicz, SJ Petersen, DG Waldrop, MP Firestone, MK AF Blazewicz, Steven J. Petersen, Dorthe G. Waldrop, Mark P. Firestone, Mary K. TI Anaerobic oxidation of methane in tropical and boreal soils: Ecological significance in terrestrial methane cycling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PADDY FIELDS; FOREST SOILS; PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZATION; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; OXIDIZE METHANE; REDUCTION; FATE; IRON; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a considerable sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in marine systems, but the importance of this process in terrestrial systems is less clear. Lowland boreal soils and wet tropical soils are two hot spots for CH4 cycling, yet AOM has been essentially uncharacterized in these systems. We investigated AOM in soils from sites in Alaska and Puerto Rico. Isotope tracers were utilized in vitro to enable the simultaneous quantification of CH4 production and consumption without use of biological inhibitors. Boreal peat soil and tropical mineral soil oxidized small but significant quantities of CH4 to CO2 under anoxic conditions (p < 0.001). Potential AOM rates were 21 +/- 2 nmol g(dw)(-1) d(-1) and 2.9 +/- 0.5 nmol g(dw)(-1) d(-1) for the boreal and tropical soils, respectively. The addition of terminal electron acceptors (NO3-, Fe(III), and SO42-) inhibited AOM and methanogenesis in both soils. In all incubations, CH4 production occurred simultaneously with AOM, and CH4 production rates were always greater than AOM rates. There was a strong correlation between the quantity of CH4 produced and the amount of CH4 oxidized under anoxic conditions (Alaska: r = 0.875, p < 0.0001; Puerto Rico: r = 0.817, p < 0.0001). CH4 oxidation under anoxic conditions was biological and likely mediated by methanogenic archaea. While only a small percentage of the total CH4 produced in these soils was oxidized under anoxic conditions (0.3% and 0.8% for Alaskan and Puerto Rican Soils), this process is important to understand since it could play a measurable role in controlling net CH4 flux. C1 [Blazewicz, Steven J.; Petersen, Dorthe G.; Firestone, Mary K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blazewicz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blazewicz@berkeley.edu OI Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [DEB-1011093]; Carlsberg Foundation [2007-01-0395]; USGS Global Change Program; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation [DEB-0620579, DEB-0423442, DEB-0080609, DEB-9810217, DEB-9211769, DEB-8702629]; NSF [DEB-0218039]; UPR; USDA-IITF as part of the Long-Term Ecological Research Program in the Luquillo Experimental Forest; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank D. Herman for valuable technical assistance with IRMS analysis, R. Daly for anaerobic technique advice, W. Silver for access to the LEF site, and S. Hall for collecting soils from Puerto Rico. We gratefully acknowledge J. Harden, D. McGuire, and M. Turetsky for installation and development of the Alaskan site. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant No. DEB-1011093, the Carlsberg Foundation Grant No. 2007-01-0395, the USGS Global Change Program, and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant Nos. DEB-0620579, DEB-0423442, DEB-0080609, DEB-9810217, DEB-9211769, DEB-8702629. Support was also provided by NSF grant DEB-0218039 to the Institute of Tropical Ecosystem Studies, UPR, and USDA-IITF as part of the Long-Term Ecological Research Program in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. SJB was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G02033 DI 10.1029/2011JG001864 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 968RT UT WOS:000306002800002 ER PT J AU Frederick, ZA Anderson, SP Striegl, RG AF Frederick, Zanden A. Anderson, Suzanne P. Striegl, Robert G. TI Annual estimates of water and solute export from 42 tributaries to the Yukon River SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Yukon River; subarctic; solute transport; discharge; alaska; water ID DAILY PRECIPITATION DATA; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; WETLAND COMPLEX; SURFACE WATERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; ALASKA; SEDIMENT; BASIN; MODEL; OCEAN AB Annual export of 11 major and trace solutes for the Yukon River is found to be accurately determined based on summing 42 tributary contributions. These findings provide the first published estimates of tributary specific distribution of solutes within the Yukon River basin. First, we show that annual discharge of the Yukon River can be computed by summing calculated annual discharges from 42 tributaries. Annual discharge for the tributaries is calculated from the basin area and average annual precipitation over that area using a previously published regional regression equation. Based on tributary inputs, we estimate an average annual discharge for the Yukon River of 210?km3?year1. This value is within 1% of the average measured annual discharge at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station near the river terminus at Pilot Station, AK, for water years 2001 through 2005. Next, annual loads for 11 solutes are determined by combining annual discharge with point measurements of solute concentrations in tributary river water. Based on the sum of solutes in tributary water, we find that the Yukon River discharges approximately 33 million metric tons of dissolved solids each year at Pilot Station. Discharged solutes are dominated by cations calcium and magnesium (5.65x109 and 1.42x109gyear1) and anions bicarbonate and sulphate (17.3x109 and 5.40x109gyear1). These loads compare well with loads calculated independently at the three continuous gaging stations along the Yukon River. These findings show how annual solute yields vary throughout a major subarctic river basin and that accurate estimates of total river export can be determined from calculated tributary contributions. Copyright (c) 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Frederick, Zanden A.; Anderson, Suzanne P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Frederick, Zanden A.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Frederick, ZA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zan@colorado.edu RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649 FU USGS NASQAN; National Research Program; Alaska Water Science Center; University of Colorado Department of Geography FX This work was supported by the USGS NASQAN (http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan), the National Research Program (http://water.usgs.gov/nrp), the Alaska Water Science Center (http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/water), and the University of Colorado Department of Geography (http://geography.colorado.edu). Early reviews by M. A. Walvoord and J. H. Curran greatly improved the quality of this article. Additional anonymous reviews suggested constructive editorial revisions reflected in the final draft. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1949 EP 1961 DI 10.1002/hyp.8255 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 962TU UT WOS:000305568800005 ER PT J AU Winograd, IJ AF Winograd, Isaac J. TI Discussion of "Deglacial paleoclimate in the southwestern United States: an abrupt 18.6 cold event and evidence for a North Atlantic forcing of Termination I" by M.S. Lachniet, Y. Asmerom and V. Polyak SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; DEVILS-HOLE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEVADA; RECORD; MARGIN; USA; KA C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Winograd, IJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ijwinogr@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 45 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.005 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 981QB UT WOS:000306983200011 ER PT J AU Stribling, J Sweeney, B Morse, J Corkum, G Lester, G Miller, S Mitchell, R Poulton, B Strachan, S Wetzel, M AF Stribling, James Sweeney, Bernard Morse, John Corkum, Gail Lester, Gary Miller, Scott Mitchell, Richard Poulton, Barry Strachan, Stephanie Wetzel, Mark TI "Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method": a rebuttal of Rogers (2012) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article ID DATA QUALITY; SYSTEMATICS C1 [Stribling, James] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. [Sweeney, Bernard] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Morse, John] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Corkum, Gail] Acadia Univ, ACER, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R2, Canada. [Lester, Gary] EcoAnalysts Inc, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Miller, Scott] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Natl Aquat Monitoring Ctr, US Bur Land Management, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mitchell, Richard] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Poulton, Barry] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Strachan, Stephanie] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance Div, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. [Wetzel, Mark] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Stribling, J (reprint author), Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, 400 Red Brook Blvd,Suite 200, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA. EM james.stribling@tetratech.com; sweeney@stroudcenter.org; jmorse@clemson.edu; gail.corkum@acadiau.ca; glester@ecoanalysts.com; scott.miller@usu.edu; Mitchell.Richard@epamail.epa.gov; barry_poulton@usgs.gov; Stephanie.Strachan@ec.gc.ca; mjwetzel@illinois.edu RI Miller, Scott/H-6548-2011 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 28 PY 2012 IS 3359 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967BW UT WOS:000305882100006 ER PT J AU Tauxe, L Stickley, CE Sugisaki, S Bijl, PK Bohaty, SM Brinkhuis, H Escutia, C Flores, JA Houben, AJP Iwai, M Jimenez-Espejo, FJ McKay, R Passchier, S Pross, J Riesselman, CR Rohl, U Sangiorgi, F Welsh, K Klaus, A Fehr, A Bendle, JAP Dunbar, R Gonzalez, J Hayden, T Katsuki, K Olney, MP Pekar, SF Shrivastava, PK van de Flierdt, T Williams, T Yamane, M AF Tauxe, L. Stickley, C. E. Sugisaki, S. Bijl, P. K. Bohaty, S. M. Brinkhuis, H. Escutia, C. Flores, J. A. Houben, A. J. P. Iwai, M. Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J. McKay, R. Passchier, S. Pross, J. Riesselman, C. R. Roehl, U. Sangiorgi, F. Welsh, K. Klaus, A. Fehr, A. Bendle, J. A. P. Dunbar, R. Gonzalez, J. Hayden, T. Katsuki, K. Olney, M. P. Pekar, S. F. Shrivastava, P. K. van de Flierdt, T. Williams, T. Yamane, M. TI Chronostratigraphic framework for the IODP Expedition 318 cores from the Wilkes Land Margin: Constraints for paleoceanographic reconstruction SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PASS-THROUGH MAGNETOMETER; EOCENE-OLIGOCENE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CALIBRATION; SEA; AGE; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; ANTARCTICA; TRANSITION; SEDIMENTS AB The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 318 to the Wilkes Land margin of Antarctica recovered a sedimentary succession ranging in age from lower Eocene to the Holocene. Excellent stratigraphic control is key to understanding the timing of paleoceanographic events through critical climate intervals. Drill sites recovered the lower and middle Eocene, nearly the entire Oligocene, the Miocene from about 17 Ma, the entire Pliocene and much of the Pleistocene. The paleomagnetic properties are generally suitable for magnetostratigraphic interpretation, with well-behaved demagnetization diagrams, uniform distribution of declinations, and a clear separation into two inclination modes. Although the sequences were discontinuously recovered with many gaps due to coring, and there are hiatuses from sedimentary and tectonic processes, the magnetostratigraphic patterns are in general readily interpretable. Our interpretations are integrated with the diatom, radiolarian, calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) biostratigraphy. The magnetostratigraphy significantly improves the resolution of the chronostratigraphy, particularly in intervals with poor biostratigraphic control. However, Southern Ocean records with reliable magnetostratigraphies are notably scarce, and the data reported here provide an opportunity for improved calibration of the biostratigraphic records. In particular, we provide a rare magnetostratigraphic calibration for dinocyst biostratigraphy in the Paleogene and a substantially improved diatom calibration for the Pliocene. This paper presents the stratigraphic framework for future paleoceanographic proxy records which are being developed for the Wilkes Land margin cores. It further provides tight constraints on the duration of regional hiatuses inferred from seismic surveys of the region. C1 [Tauxe, L.; Sugisaki, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stickley, C. E.] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, Tromso, Norway. [Bijl, P. K.; Brinkhuis, H.; Houben, A. J. P.; Sangiorgi, F.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bohaty, S. M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. [Escutia, C.; Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J.; Gonzalez, J.] Univ Granada, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, CSIC, Armilla, Spain. [Flores, J. A.] Univ Salamanca, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Iwai, M.] Kochi Univ, Dept Nat Environm Sci, Kochi 780, Japan. [McKay, R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington, New Zealand. [Passchier, S.] Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ USA. [Pross, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Riesselman, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Roehl, U.] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Welsh, K.] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Klaus, A.] Texas A&M Univ, US Implementing Org, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, College Stn, TX USA. [Fehr, A.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Appl Geophys & Geothermal Energy, Aachen, Germany. [Bendle, J. A. P.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Dunbar, R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hayden, T.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Katsuki, K.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Div Geol Res, Quaternary Geol Res Dept, Taejon, South Korea. [Olney, M. P.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Pekar, S. F.] Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY USA. [Shrivastava, P. K.] Geol Survey India, Antarctica Div, Faridabad, India. [van de Flierdt, T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [Williams, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Borehole Res Grp, Palisades, NY USA. [Yamane, M.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Tauxe, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ltauxe@ucsd.edu RI Welsh, Kevin/A-9808-2012; Riesselman, Christina/H-5037-2012; Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015; McKay, Robert/N-2449-2015; Flores, Jose-Abel/D-4218-2009; Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco /F-4486-2016; Passchier, Sandra/B-1993-2008; Rohl, Ursula/G-5986-2011 OI Welsh, Kevin/0000-0002-4834-4190; Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619; Houben, Alexander/0000-0002-9497-1048; McKay, Robert/0000-0002-5602-6985; Flores, Jose-Abel/0000-0003-1909-293X; Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco /0000-0002-0335-8580; Passchier, Sandra/0000-0001-7204-7025; Rohl, Ursula/0000-0001-9469-7053 FU NSF [OCE1058858, OCE1054497] FX We are deeply grateful for the hard work of the entire shipboard party of IODP Expedition 318, including scientific, technical, and support staff. In particular, we wish to thank Maggie Hastedt, whose tireless and cheerful help in the paleomagnetic laboratory was essential to the success of our investigations. We thank Joe Smoot, Jan Backman, two anonymous reviewers, and the Editor, Rainer Zahn, for careful review which greatly improved the manuscript. This research used samples and data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). Funding for this research was provided by NSF grants OCE1058858 and OCE1054497 to L.T. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUN 28 PY 2012 VL 27 AR PA2214 DI 10.1029/2012PA002308 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 968QD UT WOS:000305998200001 ER PT J AU Ennen, JR Lovich, JE Meyer, KP Bjurlin, C Arundel, TR AF Ennen, Joshua R. Lovich, Jeffrey E. Meyer, Katherin P. Bjurlin, Curtis Arundel, Terence R. TI Nesting Ecology of a Population of Gopherus agassizii at a Utility-Scale Wind Energy Facility in Southern California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID DESERT TORTOISE; EGG-PRODUCTION; MOJAVE DESERT; TURTLES; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; SIZE; DATE AB We investigated the annual nesting ecology of a population of Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) inhabiting a utility-scale renewable energy (USRE) facility in southern California and compared our results with populations inhabiting relatively undisturbed sites. In 2000, 15 radio-tracked females produced 29 clutches, and 24 nests were monitored to examine nest-site selection, nest predation, hatching success, date of emergence of hatchlings, and hatchling mass and carapace length. Overall, the nesting ecology of the population inhabiting the USRE facility was very similar to other populations of Desert Tortoises inhabiting relatively undisturbed habitats. Oviposition occurred from 12 May to 8 July, which was similar to other sites. Nest depths (11.1 cm), nest predation (12%), hatchling emergence date (7 August and 29 September), and hatchling morphometrics (i.e., MCL: 44.5 mm; mass: 23 g) were all within ranges reported in other populations. Unlike within other populations, we observed no relationship between hatchling size and either maternal body size or egg width. We found no evidence of females selecting for a particular burrow for oviposition of eggs based on environmental or anthropogenic variables. Most nests were located in or near burrows, and nest depth was greater for nests near the entrance than those deeper in the burrow. Although this study suggests that the nesting ecology of the Desert Tortoise population we studied was not adversely affected by the USRE facility, this relationship is only correlative because our study was not a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study, which would establish a cause and effect relationship. As pointed out in a recent review, BACI studies are critically needed to address the wildlife impacts of utility-scale renewable energy development. C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Arundel, Terence R.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Meyer, Katherin P.] US Forest Serv, Lytle Creek, CA 92358 USA. [Bjurlin, Curtis] Wind Capital Grp, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), Maryville Coll, Dept Biol, 502 E Lamar Alexander Pkwy, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. EM josh.ennen@maryvillecollege.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; kpmeyer@fs.fed.us; curtbjurlin@gmail.com; terry_arundel@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission (Research Development and Demonstration Division, Public Interest Energy Research program) [500-09-020]; California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM; Joshua Tree National Park FX Many people assisted us during the course of this study. Field support for this project was provided by interns from the Student Conservation Association and volunteers too numerous to list. Special thanks to R. Daniels, R. Griese, M. Massar, and G. Wright for their long commitment to the support of our project. Dr. M. Westbrooks allowed us to use his veterinary facilities to process X-radiographs. Research was supported by the California Energy Commission (Research Development and Demonstration Division, Public Interest Energy Research program [contract #500-09-020]), California Desert District Office of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office of BLM, and Joshua Tree National Park. M. Agha assisted with temperature data collection. We thank K. Nussear of the U.S. Geological Survey for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Research was conducted under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the BLM. Special thanks to A. Muth for providing accommodations at the Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center of the University of California, Riverside, during the development of the manuscript. Use of product trade names does not constitute U.S. Geological Survey endorsement of any product. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 27 PY 2012 IS 2 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1643/CE-11-102 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967SS UT WOS:000305928700006 ER PT J AU Mushet, DM Euliss, NH Stockwell, CA AF Mushet, David M. Euliss, Ned H., Jr. Stockwell, Craig A. TI Mapping Anuran Habitat Suitability to Estimate Effects of Grassland and Wetland Conservation Programs SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; ECOLOGY; IOWA AB The conversion of the Northern Great Plains of North America to a landscape favoring agricultural commodity production has negatively impacted wildlife habitats. To offset impacts, conservation programs have been implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other agencies to restore grassland and wetland habitat components. To evaluate effects of these efforts on anuran habitats, we used call survey data and environmental data in ecological niche factor analyses implemented through the program Biomapper to quantify habitat suitability for five anuran species within a 196 km(2) study area. Our amphibian call surveys identified Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens), Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata), Great Plains Toads (Anaxyrus cognatus), and Woodhouse's Toads (Anaxyrus woodhousii) occurring within the study area. Habitat suitability maps developed for each species revealed differing patterns of suitable habitat among species. The most significant findings of our mapping effort were 1) the influence of deep-water overwintering wetlands on suitable habitat for all species encountered except the Boreal Chorus Frog; 2) the lack of overlap between areas of core habitat for both the Northern Leopard Frog and Wood Frog compared to the core habitat for both toad species; and 3) the importance of conservation programs in providing grassland components of Northern Leopard Frog and Wood Frog habitat. The differences in habitats suitable for the five species we studied in the Northern Great Plains, i.e., their ecological niches, highlight the importance of utilizing an ecosystem based approach that considers the varying needs of multiple species in the development of amphibian conservation and management plans. C1 [Mushet, David M.; Euliss, Ned H., Jr.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Mushet, David M.; Stockwell, Craig A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mushet, David M.; Stockwell, Craig A.] N Dakota State Univ, Environm & Conservat Sci Program, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mushet, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM dmushet@usgs.gov; craig.stockwell@ndsu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service; Farm Service Agency FX We greatly appreciate the financial support we received for this effort from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service through their Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP-Wetlands) and the Farm Service Agency's Economic and Policy Analysis Staff. We thank K. Gustafson and T. Veldkamp for assisting the primary author with amphibian call surveys in 2008 and K. McLean and C. Kraft for assisting with surveys in 2009. Use of brand names in this manuscript does not constitute nor imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 27 PY 2012 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1643/CH-11-119 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967SS UT WOS:000305928700018 ER PT J AU Holness, MB Humphreys, MCS Sides, R Helz, RT Tegner, C AF Holness, Marian B. Humphreys, Madeleine C. S. Sides, Rachel Helz, Rosalind T. Tegner, Christian TI Toward an understanding of disequilibrium dihedral angles in mafic rocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SILICATE LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY; EASTERN-LAYERED-INTRUSION; IKI LAVA LAKE; SKAERGAARD INTRUSION; MAGMA CHAMBER; RHUM COMPLEX; TEXTURAL EQUILIBRATION; FINGER STRUCTURES; CONTACT AUREOLE; GABBRO-COMPLEX AB The median dihedral angle at clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions in mafic rocks, Theta(cpp), is generally lower than equilibrium (109 degrees +/- 2 degrees). Observation of a wide range of mafic bodies demonstrates that previous work on systematic variations of Theta(cpp) is incorrect in several important respects. First, the spatial distribution of plagioclase compositional zoning demonstrates that the final geometry of three-grain junctions, and hence Theta(cpp), is formed during solidification (the igneous process): sub-solidus textural modification in most dolerites and gabbros, previously thought to be the dominant control on Theta(cpp), is insignificant. Theta(cpp) is governed by mass transport constraints, the inhibiting effects of small pore size on crystallization, and variation in relative growth rates of pyroxene and plagioclase. During rapid cooling, pyroxene preferentially fills wider pores while the narrower pores remain melt-filled, resulting in an initial value of Theta(cpp) of 78 degrees, rather than 60 degrees which would be expected if all melt-filled pores were filled with pyroxene. Lower cooling rates create a higher initial Theta(cpp) due to changes in relative growth rates of the two minerals at the nascent three-grain junction. Low Theta(cpp) (associated with cuspate clinopyroxene grains at triple junctions) can also be diagnostic of infiltration of previously melt-free rocks by late-stage evolved liquids (the metasomatic process). Modification of Theta(cpp) by sub-solidus textural equilibration (the metamorphic process) is only important for fine-grained mafic rocks such as chilled margins and intraplutonic chill zones. In coarse-grained gabbros from shallow crustal intrusions the metamorphic process occurs only in the centers of oikocrysts, associated with rounding of chadacrysts. C1 [Holness, Marian B.; Sides, Rachel] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Humphreys, Madeleine C. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Helz, Rosalind T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Tegner, Christian] Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Holness, MB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM marian@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Humphreys, Madeleine/C-3999-2015 OI Humphreys, Madeleine/0000-0001-9343-1237 FU NERC [NE/F020325/1]; Trinity College (Cambridge); Royal Society of London FX This work is the culmination of many years of discussions with colleagues. M. B. H. is particularly grateful to Dan McKenzie, who led her to question the assumptions underlying previous work. We are grateful to Bruce Yardley for his suggestion that we look at the Skye hornfelses and to both him and Fran Entwhistle for stimulating discussions of the microstructures. We are grateful to many other people for advice on suitable samples and for the generous loan of thin-sections, and we would particularly like to thank Chris Wheatley, Fergus Gibb, Gordon Lister, Brian Upton, Henry Emeleus, Roy Fakes, Mike Howe, David Green, Janet Hergt, Bruce Marsh, Amanda Charrier, Steve Laurie, Godfrey Fitton, Teresa Mensing, and Marjorie Wilson. We are grateful to Reid Cooper, Bruce Watson, and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions on how to improve an earlier version of this contribution. M. B. H. and M. C. S. H. acknowledge support from NERC grant NE/F020325/1. R. S. was supported by a NERC research studentship. M. C. S. H. acknowledges financial support from Trinity College (Cambridge) and the Royal Society of London. NR 96 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B06207 DI 10.1029/2011JB008902 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 968PH UT WOS:000305995200001 ER PT J AU Ongaro, TE Clarke, AB Voight, B Neri, A Widiwijayanti, C AF Ongaro, T. Esposti Clarke, A. B. Voight, B. Neri, A. Widiwijayanti, C. TI Multiphase flow dynamics of pyroclastic density currents during the May 18, 1980 lateral blast of Mount St. Helens SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY CURRENTS; SOUFRIERE HILLS; PELEE 1902; ASH FLOWS; WASHINGTON; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; ERUPTION; SURGES; SIMULATION AB The dynamics of the May 18, 1980 lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, Washington (USA), were studied by means of a three-dimensional multiphase flow model. Numerical simulations describe the blast flow as a high-velocity pyroclastic density current generated by a rapid expansion (burst phase, lasting less than 20 s) of a pressurized polydisperse mixture of gas and particles and its subsequent gravitational collapse and propagation over a rugged topography. Model results show good agreement with the observed large-scale behavior of the blast and, in particular, reproduce reasonably well the front advancement velocity and the extent of the inundated area. Detailed analysis of modeled transient and local flow properties supports the view of a blast flow led by a high-speed front (with velocities between 100 and 170 m/s), with a turbulent head relatively depleted in fine particles, and a trailing, sedimenting body. In valleys and topographic lows, pyroclasts accumulate progressively at the base of the current body after the passage of the head, forming a dense basal flow depleted in fines (less than 5 wt.%) with total particle volume fraction exceeding 10(-1) in most of the sampled locations. Blocking and diversion of this basal flow by topographic ridges provides the mechanism for progressive current unloading. On ridges, sedimentation occurs in the flow body just behind the current head, but the sedimenting, basal flow is progressively more dilute and enriched in fine particles (up to 40 wt.% in most of the sampled locations). In the regions of intense sedimentation, topographic blocking triggers the elutriation of fine particles through the rise of convective instabilities. Although the model formulation and the numerical vertical accuracy do not allow the direct simulation of the actual deposit compaction, present results provide a consistent, quantitative model able to interpret the observed stratigraphic sequence. C1 [Ongaro, T. Esposti; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Clarke, A. B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Voight, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Voight, B.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Widiwijayanti, C.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. RP Ongaro, TE (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Via Faggiola 32, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM ongaro@pi.ingv.it RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/E-4036-2015 OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Esposti Ongaro, Tomaso/0000-0002-6663-5311 FU U.S. Civilian Research & Development Program; Petrology-Geochemistry Program of NSF [EAR-03-10329, EAR-04-08709]; European Commission [EXPLORIS EVR1-CT-2002-40026] FX Our research was made possible by grants from the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Program, the Petrology-Geochemistry Program of NSF (EAR-03-10329 to AC, EAR-04-08709 to BV), and the European Commission (project EXPLORIS EVR1-CT-2002-40026). We acknowledge support and insights from colleagues at the Montserrat Volcano Observatory and the Cascade Volcano Observatory, especially those involved with Geological Society Memoir 21 and USGS Professional Paper 1250. We are grateful to Michael P. Ryan, George Bergantz, and an anonymous referee for their thorough reviews, which contributed to improve the quality of the paper. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B06208 DI 10.1029/2011JB009081 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 968PH UT WOS:000305995200002 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, CP Ferre, TPA Welker, JM AF Kikuchi, C. P. Ferre, T. P. A. Welker, J. M. TI Spatially telescoping measurements for improved characterization of ground water-surface water interactions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Stream; Spatial variability; Environmental tracers; Glacial aquifer; Stream-aquifer interaction ID DISCHARGE; AQUIFER; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE; STREAM; FLOW; HEAD AB The suite of measurement methods available to characterize fluxes between groundwater and surface water is rapidly growing. However, there are few studies that examine approaches to design of field investigations that include multiple methods. We propose that performing field measurements in a spatially telescoping sequence improves measurement flexibility and accounts for nested heterogeneities while still allowing for parsimonious experimental design. We applied this spatially telescoping approach in a study of ground water-surface water (GW-SW) interaction during baseflow conditions along Lucile Creek, located near Wasilla, Alaska. Catchment-scale data, including channel geomorphic indices and hydrogeologic transects, were used to screen areas of potentially significant GW-SW exchange. Specifically, these data indicated increasing groundwater contribution from a deeper regional aquifer along the middle to lower reaches of the stream. This initial assessment was tested using reach-scale estimates of groundwater contribution during baseflow conditions, including differential discharge measurements and the use of chemical tracers analyzed in a three-component mixing model. The reach-scale measurements indicated a large increase in discharge along the middle reaches of the stream accompanied by a shift in chemical composition towards a regional groundwater end member. Finally, point measurements of vertical water fluxes - obtained using seepage meters as well as temperature-based methods - were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of GW-SW exchange within representative reaches. The spatial variability of upward fluxes, estimated using streambed temperature mapping at the sub-reach scale, was observed to vary in relation to both streambed composition and the magnitude of groundwater contribution from differential discharge measurements. The spatially telescoping approach improved the efficiency of this field investigation. Beginning our assessment with catchment-scale data allowed us to identify locations of GW-SW exchange, plan measurements at representative field sites and improve our interpretation of reach-scale and point-scale measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kikuchi, C. P.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ferre, T. P. A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Welker, J. M.] Environm & Nat Resource Inst, Stable Isotope Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kikuchi, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM ckikuchi@usgs.gov RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 FU Alaska Department of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable guidance and support from Steve Frenzel and Dan Long of the USGS Alaska Science Center. Colleague reviews by Edward Moran and Donald Rosenberry greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Excellent field assistance was provided by Ann Marie Larquier, Charles Grammer, and Shamariah Hale. Grey Nearing provided valuable technical support in filtering temperature time series records. Data collection and analysis for this project were generously supported by funding from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 446 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 960CJ UT WOS:000305365300001 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Marvin-DiPasquale, M AF Slowey, Aaron J. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark TI How to overcome inter-electrode variability and instability to quantify dissolved oxygen, Fe(II), mn(II), and S(-II) in undisturbed soils and sediments using voltammetry SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MERCURY-FILM ELECTRODE; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NATURAL-WATERS; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; FULVIC SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SULFIDE; MARINE; METALS AB Background: Although uniquely capable of measuring multiple redox constituents nearly simultaneously with no or minimal sample pretreatment, voltammetry is currently underutilized in characterizing redox conditions in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Investigation of undisturbed media such as pore water requires a solid-state electrode, and such electrodes can be difficult to fabricate reproducibly. An approach to determine the concentrations of electroactive constituents using indirectly calibrated electrodes has been developed, but the protocol for and accuracy of this approach-the pilot ion method-has not been documented in detail. Results: A detailed procedure for testing electrode quality is provided, and the application and limitations of the pilot ion method have been documented. To quantify Fe(II) and Mn(II), subtraction of non-linear baseline functions from voltammetric signals produced better calibration curves than did linear baselines, enabled lower detection limits and reliable deconvolution of overlapping signals, and was successfully applied to sediment pore water signals. We observed that electrode sensitivities often vary by tens of percent, and that the sensitivity declines over time. The ratio of calibration slopes of Mn(II) to Fe(II) varied by no more than 11% from one Hg/Au electrode to another and Fe(II) concentrations predicted by the Mn(II) pilot ion were, on average, 13% different from their actual values. However, concentration predictions by the pilot ion method were worse for less than 15 mu M Fe(II) (46% different on average). The ratio of calibration slopes of Mn(II) to S(-II) varied by almost 20% from one Hg/Au electrode to another, and S(-II) predicted concentrations were as much as 58% different from their actual values. These predictions of Fe(II) and S(-II) concentrations indicate that the accuracy of the pilot ion method depends on how independent calibration slope ratios are from the electrode used. At medium-to-high concentration for the ocean, naturally derived dissolved organic carbon did not significantly affect the baseline-corrected electrode response of Mn(II) and Fe(II), but did significantly affect the response of S(-II). Conclusions: Despite their intrinsic variability, Hg/Au electrodes fabricated by hand can be used to quantify O-2, S (-II), Fe(II), and Mn(II) without calibrating every electrode for every constituent of interest. The pilot ion method can achieve accuracies to within 20% or less, provided that the underlying principle-the independence of slope ratios-is demonstrated for all voltammetric techniques used, and effects of the physicochemical properties of the system on voltammetric signals are addressed through baseline subtraction. C1 [Slowey, Aaron J.; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Slowey, Aaron J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaron.slowey@gmail.com FU Venture Capital Grant U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area; U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Experimental research and initial drafting and revision of the manuscript were funded by a Venture Capital Grant to AJS from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Further manuscript revisions were performed with support from the Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Associate Editor Prof. Gregory K. Druschel (Indiana University-Perdue University Indianapolis), Dr. Laurie S. Balistrieri (USGS), and anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for constructive comments that helped ensure that the material was presented clearly. The authors would like to thank the graduate students who read the manuscript to ensure that this paper will help future generations of geo-electrochemists. Use of trade names in this paper is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS or DoE. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JUN 25 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-13-6 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 012BP UT WOS:000309210700001 PM 22731822 ER PT J AU Martin, J Edwards, HH Burgess, MA Percival, HF Fagan, DE Gardner, BE Ortega-Ortiz, JG Ifju, PG Evers, BS Rambo, TJ AF Martin, Julien Edwards, Holly H. Burgess, Matthew A. Percival, H. Franklin Fagan, Daniel E. Gardner, Beth E. Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G. Ifju, Peter G. Evers, Brandon S. Rambo, Thomas J. TI Estimating Distribution of Hidden Objects with Drones: From Tennis Balls to Manatees SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AERIAL SURVEYS AB Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, have been used widely in military applications, but more recently civilian applications have emerged (e. g., wildlife population monitoring, traffic monitoring, law enforcement, oil and gas pipeline threat detection). UAV can have several advantages over manned aircraft for wildlife surveys, including reduced ecological footprint, increased safety, and the ability to collect high-resolution geo-referenced imagery that can document the presence of species without the use of a human observer. We illustrate how geo-referenced data collected with UAV technology in combination with recently developed statistical models can improve our ability to estimate the distribution of organisms. To demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology, we conducted an experiment in which tennis balls were used as surrogates of organisms to be surveyed. We used a UAV to collect images of an experimental field with a known number of tennis balls, each of which had a certain probability of being hidden. We then applied spatially explicit occupancy models to estimate the number of balls and created precise distribution maps. We conducted three consecutive surveys over the experimental field and estimated the total number of balls to be 328 (95% CI: 312, 348). The true number was 329 balls, but simple counts based on the UAV pictures would have led to a total maximum count of 284. The distribution of the balls in the field followed a simulated environmental gradient. We also were able to accurately estimate the relationship between the gradient and the distribution of balls. Our experiment demonstrates how this technology can be used to create precise distribution maps in which discrete regions of the study area are assigned a probability of presence of an object. Finally, we discuss the applicability and relevance of this experimental study to the case study of Florida manatee distribution at power plants. C1 [Martin, Julien; Edwards, Holly H.; Fagan, Daniel E.; Ortega-Ortiz, Joel G.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Burgess, Matthew A.; Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gardner, Beth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ifju, Peter G.; Evers, Brandon S.; Rambo, Thomas J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM Julien.Martin@myfwc.com FU Save the Manatee Trust Fund; US Army Corps of Engineers; US Geological Survey; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; University of Florida FX This work was funded by Save the Manatee Trust Fund, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Geological Survey, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, and University of Florida. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 121 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 25 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 AR e38882 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038882 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 965QG UT WOS:000305781700013 PM 22761712 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Kaven, JO Velasco, AA Gonzalez-Huizar, H AF Parsons, Tom Kaven, J. Ole Velasco, Aaron A. Gonzalez-Huizar, Hector TI Unraveling the apparent magnitude threshold of remote earthquake triggering using full wavefield surface wave simulation SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dynamic triggering; earthquake triggering; finite element modeling; surface waves ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; REGIONAL SEISMICITY; DISTANT EARTHQUAKES; DYNAMIC STRESSES; TRANSIENT; DEFORMATIONS; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; PRESSURE; LANDERS AB Empirical studies with earthquake catalogs suggest that large events (M > 5) are rarely triggered in significant numbers by passing surface waves at remote distances from main shocks. Triggered, small (M < 5) earthquakes are routinely associated with the passage of surface waves from large (M > 7) main shocks. Since large earthquakes involve larger rupture areas, we study the spatial and temporal characteristics of dynamic stress change for clues. Using a 3D finite element method, we model the complete wavefield from the 2002 M = 7.9 Denali earthquake recorded near the Wasatch Front in Utah, where details about triggered seismicity are known. In particular, we load our model with a displacement seismogram to acquire a time series of the stress change tensor and model failure of a representative normal fault based on these stress changes. We note that the stress-change regime varies rapidly between favoring strike-slip, thrust, and normal faulting, with durations lasting similar to 1-4 s. We find that these stress regimes usually affect only some fraction of a fault surface at any given time. Stress amplitudes also vary, meaning that ideal conditions for triggering are short-lived and spatially limited. Stress conditions can also rapidly reverse to regimes that inhibit slip. Given these stressing conditions, we conclude that it may be difficult for a larger rupture area to experience the temporally and spatially coherent stress change necessary to develop into a large magnitude earthquake. C1 [Parsons, Tom; Kaven, J. Ole] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Velasco, Aaron A.; Gonzalez-Huizar, Hector] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 23 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q06016 DI 10.1029/2012GC004164 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 963PW UT WOS:000305636100003 ER PT J AU Stelzer, RS Bartsch, LA AF Stelzer, Robert S. Bartsch, Lynn A. TI Nitrate removal in deep sediments of a nitrogen-rich river network: A test of a conceptual model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HYPORHEIC ZONE; GROUND-WATER; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN; FLOW PATHS; DENITRIFICATION AB Many estimates of nitrogen removal in streams and watersheds do not include or account for nitrate removal in deep sediments, particularly in gaining streams. We developed and tested a conceptual model for nitrate removal in deep sediments in a nitrogen-rich river network. The model predicts that oxic, nitrate-rich groundwater will become depleted in nitrate as groundwater upwelling through sediments encounters a zone that contains buried particulate organic carbon, which promotes redox conditions favorable for nitrate removal. We tested the model at eight sites in upwelling reaches of lotic ecosystems in the Waupaca River Watershed that varied by three orders of magnitude in groundwater nitrate concentration. We measured denitrification potential in sediment core sections to 30 cm and developed vertical nitrate profiles to a depth of about 1 m with peepers and piezometer nests. Denitrification potential was higher on average in shallower core sections. However, core sections deeper than 5 cm accounted for 70% on average of the depth-integrated denitrification potential. Denitrification potential increased linearly with groundwater nitrate concentration up to 2 mg NO3-N/L, but the relationship broke down at higher concentrations (> 5 mg NO3-N/L), a pattern that suggests nitrate saturation. At most sites groundwater nitrate declined from high concentrations at depth to much lower concentrations prior to discharge into the surface water. The profiles suggested that nitrate removal occurred at sediment depths between 20 and 40 cm. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were much higher in deep sediments than in pore water at 5 cm sediment depth at most locations. The substantial denitrification potential in deep sediments coupled with the declines in nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations in upwelling groundwater suggest that our conceptual model for nitrate removal in deep sediments is applicable to this river network. Our results suggest that nitrate removal rates can be high in deep sediments of upwelling stream reaches, which may have implications for efforts to understand and quantify nitrogen transport and removal at larger scales. C1 [Stelzer, Robert S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Bartsch, Lynn A.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Stelzer, RS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM stelzer@uwosh.edu FU University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute through the Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council; Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh FX We are grateful for technical assistance from Ashley Winker and Alyssa McCumber. This research was supported by a grant from the University of Wisconsin Water Resources Institute through the Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council and from a grant from the Faculty Development Program at the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh. Comments from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 23 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G02027 DI 10.1029/2012JG001990 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 963UH UT WOS:000305649700001 ER PT J AU Farmer, JR Cronin, TM Dwyer, GS AF Farmer, Jesse R. Cronin, Thomas M. Dwyer, Gary S. TI Ostracode Mg/Ca paleothermometry in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans: Evaluation of a carbonate ion effect SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL CALCITE; BOTTOM WATER TEMPERATURE; DEEP-SEA TEMPERATURE; SHELL CHEMISTRY; LATE QUATERNARY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEAWATER; RATIOS; PLIOCENE; CALIBRATIONS AB The reconstruction of deep-sea bottom water temperature (BWT) is important to assess the ocean's response to and role in orbital-and millennial-scale climate change. Deep-sea paleothermometry employs magnesium to calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in calcitic benthic microfaunas (foraminifera, ostracodes) as a primary proxy method. Mg/Ca paleothermometry may, however, be complicated by bottom water carbonate ion chemistry, which might affect Mg/Ca ratios in shells. To address temperature and carbonate ion influence on Mg/Ca ratios, we studied Mg/Ca ratios in the benthic ostracode genus Krithe in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans using a 686-specimen core top collection, including 412 previously unpublished analyses. Mg/Ca ratios are positively correlated to temperature in multiple species from the North Atlantic [BWT = (0.885 x Mg/Ca) - 5.69, r(2) = 0.73] and for K. glacialis in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [BWT = (0.439 x Mg/Ca) - 5.14, r(2) = 0.50], consistent with previously published calibrations. We found no evidence for a relationship between Krithe Mg/Ca and carbonate ion saturation in the North Atlantic Ocean, Nordic Seas, and Arctic Ocean, supporting the use of Krithe Mg/Ca for reconstructing past BWT. C1 [Farmer, Jesse R.; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Dwyer, Gary S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Farmer, JR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rte 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10465 USA. EM jfarmer@ldeo.columbia.edu FU USGS Global Change Research and Development Program FX We are thankful to J. Bernhard, E. Roosen, and the crew of R/V Oceanus Expedition 461 for assistance with sample collection; A. Stepanova and W. M. Briggs Jr. for specimens; and L. Gemery, R. Glazer, and R. Poirier for laboratory assistance. We thank Y. Rosenthal and A. Elmore for helpful discussions and Editor R. Zahn and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the USGS Global Change Research and Development Program. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 27 AR PA2212 DI 10.1029/2012PA002305 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 963RB UT WOS:000305640100001 ER PT J AU Till, CB Grove, TL Krawczynski, MJ AF Till, Christy B. Grove, Timothy L. Krawczynski, Michael J. TI A melting model for variably depleted and enriched lherzolite in the plagioclase and spinel stability fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; SOLIDUS PERIDOTITE MELTS; MANTLE WEDGE; PRIMARY MAGMAS; HIGH-PRESSURE; 1 GPA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; PHASE-RELATIONS AB Here we develop a lherzolite melting model and explore the effects of variations in mantle composition, pressure, temperature, and H2O content on melt composition. New experiments and a compilation of experimental liquids saturated with all of the mantle minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and/or spinel) are used to calibrate a model that predicts the temperature and major element composition of a broad spectrum of primary basalt types produced under anhydrous to low H2O-content conditions at upper mantle pressures. The model can also be used to calculate the temperature and pressure at which primary magmas were produced in the mantle, as well as to model both near-fractional adiabatic decompression and batch melting. Our experimental compilation locates the pressure interval of the plagioclase to spinel transition on the solidus and shows that it is narrow (similar to 0.1 GPa) for melting of natural peridotite compositions. The multiple saturation boundaries determined by our model provide a method for assessing the appropriate mineral assemblage, as well as the extent of the fractional crystallization correction required to return a relatively primitive liquid to equilibrium with the mantle source. We demonstrate that an inaccurate fractionation correction can overestimate temperature and depths of melting by hundreds of degrees and tens of kilometers, respectively. This model is particularly well suited to examining the temperature and pressure of origin for intraplate basaltic volcanism and is used to examine the petrogenesis of a suite of Holocene basaltic lavas from Diamond Crater in Oregon's High Lava Plains (HLP). C1 [Till, Christy B.; Grove, Timothy L.; Krawczynski, Michael J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbtill@usgs.gov RI Till, Christy/D-7771-2012; Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0507486, EAR-0538179, EAR-1118598] FX This work benefited from discussions with Jay Barr and Mark Behn and the thoughtful reviews of Keith Putirka, Didier LaPorte, and an anonymous reviewer. Support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0507486, EAR-0538179, and EAR-1118598. We would also like to thank Thresa Geisler and Robert Renchler at the Bureau of Land Management for permission to collect samples in the Diamond Crater Outstanding Natural Area, Oregon. NR 86 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 117 AR B06206 DI 10.1029/2011JB009044 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 963QL UT WOS:000305638000001 ER PT J AU Reeder, DM Frank, CL Turner, GG Meteyer, CU Kurta, A Britzke, ER Vodzak, ME Darling, SR Stihler, CW Hicks, AC Jacob, R Grieneisen, LE Brownlee, SA Muller, LK Blehert, DS AF Reeder, DeeAnn M. Frank, Craig L. Turner, Gregory G. Meteyer, Carol U. Kurta, Allen Britzke, Eric R. Vodzak, Megan E. Darling, Scott R. Stihler, Craig W. Hicks, Alan C. Jacob, Roymon Grieneisen, Laura E. Brownlee, Sarah A. Muller, Laura K. Blehert, David S. TI Frequent Arousal from Hibernation Linked to Severity of Infection and Mortality in Bats with White-Nose Syndrome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; VESPERTILIONID BATS; EMERGING DISEASE; METABOLIC-RATE; BROWN BATS; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; DURATION; TORPOR; GROWTH AB White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging infectious disease that has killed over 5.5 million hibernating bats, is named for the causative agent, a white fungus (Geomyces destructans (Gd)) that invades the skin of torpid bats. During hibernation, arousals to warm (euthermic) body temperatures are normal but deplete fat stores. Temperature-sensitive dataloggers were attached to the backs of 504 free-ranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) in hibernacula located throughout the northeastern USA. Dataloggers were retrieved at the end of the hibernation season and complete profiles of skin temperature data were available from 83 bats, which were categorized as: (1) unaffected, (2) WNS-affected but alive at time of datalogger removal, or (3) WNS-affected but found dead at time of datalogger removal. Histological confirmation of WNS severity (as indexed by degree of fungal infection) as well as confirmation of presence/absence of DNA from Gd by PCR was determined for 26 animals. We demonstrated that WNS-affected bats aroused to euthermic body temperatures more frequently than unaffected bats, likely contributing to subsequent mortality. Within the subset of WNS-affected bats that were found dead at the time of datalogger removal, the number of arousal bouts since datalogger attachment significantly predicted date of death. Additionally, the severity of cutaneous Gd infection correlated with the number of arousal episodes from torpor during hibernation. Thus, increased frequency of arousal from torpor likely contributes to WNS-associated mortality, but the question of how Gd infection induces increased arousals remains unanswered. C1 [Reeder, DeeAnn M.; Vodzak, Megan E.; Jacob, Roymon; Grieneisen, Laura E.; Brownlee, Sarah A.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Frank, Craig L.] Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Armonk, NY USA. [Turner, Gregory G.] Pennsylvania Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.; Muller, Laura K.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Kurta, Allen] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Darling, Scott R.] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Rutland, VT USA. [Stihler, Craig W.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV USA. [Hicks, Alan C.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. RP Reeder, DM (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM dreeder@bucknell.edu OI Reeder, DeeAnn/0000-0001-8651-2012 FU Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (NEAFWA); Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Woodtiger Fund; Bucknell University FX The temperature tracking portion of this study was supported by State Wildlife Grant funds awarded through the Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (NEAFWA) Regional Conservation Needs grant program to DMR. (PI), CLF, GGT, ACH, and ERB, by funds from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and the Woodtiger Fund to DMR, and by Graduate Fellowships from Bucknell University to LEG, SAB, and RJ. This grant and its associated conservation activities are done to support implementation of a priority action of the State Wildlife Action Plans from members of the NEAFWA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 18 U2 157 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 6 AR e38920 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038920 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 964KK UT WOS:000305693200029 PM 22745688 ER PT J AU Hafs, AW Mazik, PM Kenney, PB Silverstein, JT AF Hafs, A. W. Mazik, P. M. Kenney, P. B. Silverstein, J. T. TI Impact of carbon dioxide level, water velocity, strain, and feeding regimen on growth and fillet attributes of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Water velocity; Strain; Feeding regimen; Growth; Rainbow trout ID SALMO-SALAR L.; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; JUVENILE ARCTIC CHARR; FOOD-INTAKE; SUSTAINED EXERCISE; ION REGULATION; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN; EFFICIENCY AB Production and management variables such as carbon dioxide (CO2) level, water velocity, and feeding frequency influence the growth and fillet attributes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as cost of production. More information is needed to determine the contributions of these variables to growth and fillet attributes to find the right balance between input costs and fish performance. Two studies, of 84 and 90 days duration, were conducted to determine the effects of CO2 level, water velocity, and feed frequency on rainbow trout growth, fillet yield, and fillet quality. In the first study, two CO2 levels (30 and 49 mg/L) and two velocity levels (0.5 and 2.0 body lengths/s) were tested. In the second study two CO2 levels (30 and 49 mg/L) and two feeding regimens (fed once daily to satiation or three times daily to satiation) were tested. In the first study, after 84 days, fillet weight from high CO2 tanks was 13.5% lower than the fillet weights of fish from low CO2 tanks. Percent fat of fillets was higher in low CO2 fish (P=0.05) after 84 days and, fish from the low CO2 treatment were larger (P<0.01). Both studies had similar results in regards to fat content and weight of fillets in response to elevated CO2 levels. Velocity had little affect on either whole wet weight or fillet attributes of rainbow trout in this study. Muscle tissue contained more (P<0.01) fat when fish were fed three times daily (7.3%; day 90) compared to once daily (5.4%; day 90). Also, fish were larger (P<0.05) when fed 3 times per day (1079 g; day 90) in comparison to only one daily feeding (792 g; day 90). Fish in high feed/high CO2 tanks were larger and had more fillet fat than fish from low feed/low CO2 tanks. To maximize rainbow trout growth at aquaculture facilities, management strategies should attempt to keep CO2 levels below 30 mg/L when cost efficient. However, feeding 2-3 times daily should reduce production losses if CO2 cannot be minimized. The effect of strain and velocity were minimal over the range we tested in comparison to the effects of CO2 and feeding regimen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mazik, P. M.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hafs, A. W.] W Virginia Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kenney, P. B.] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Silverstein, J. T.] Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Mazik, PM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ahafs@bemidjistate.edu; pmazik@wvu.edu; bkenney@wvu.edu; jeff.silverstein@ars.usda.gov FU West Virginia University; Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station; ARS [1930-31000-007-00D]; USDA/CSREES FX We acknowledge and thank Jennifer Harper and Susan Slider for their indispensable assistance during the execution of the study. Additionally, the efforts of Jim Everson, Josh Kretzer, Sarah Anderson and David Payne are also acknowledged. This research was supported by Hatch funds of the West Virginia University, Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, ARS project number 1930-31000-007-00D and a USDA/CSREES Special Aquaculture Grant. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 350 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.020 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 956DA UT WOS:000305068800008 ER PT J AU Oze, C Jones, LC Goldsmith, JI Rosenbauer, RJ AF Oze, Christopher Jones, L. Camille Goldsmith, Jonas I. Rosenbauer, Robert J. TI Differentiating biotic from abiotic methane genesis in hydrothermally active planetary surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE kinetics; molecular hydrogen; Fischer-Tropsch type reactions; methanogenesis ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ABIOGENIC METHANE; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; VENT FLUIDS; SERPENTINIZATION; FIELD; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY; CHROMIUM AB Molecular hydrogen (H-2) is derived from the hydrothermal alteration of olivine-rich planetary crust. Abiotic and biotic processes consume H-2 to produce methane (CH4); however, the extent of either process is unknown. Here, we assess the temporal dependence and limit of abiotic CH4 related to the presence and formation of mineral catalysts during olivine hydrolysis (i.e., serpentinization) at 200 degrees C and 0.03 gigapascal. Results indicate that the rate of CH4 production increases to a maximum value related to magnetite catalyzation. By identifying the dynamics of CH4 production, we kinetically model how the H-2 to CH4 ratio may be used to assess the origin of CH4 in deep subsurface serpentinization systems on Earth and Mars. Based on our model and available field data, low H-2/CH4 ratios (less than approximately 40) indicate that life is likely present and active. C1 [Oze, Christopher] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Jones, L. Camille] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldsmith, Jonas I.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Chem, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Rosenbauer, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Oze, C (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM christopher.oze@canterbury.ac.nz NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 19 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 25 BP 9750 EP 9754 DI 10.1073/pnas.1205223109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 969NC UT WOS:000306061400026 PM 22679287 ER PT J AU Phillips, P Smith, S Kolpin, D Zaugg, S Buxton, H Furlong, E Esposito, K Stinson, B AF Phillips, Patrick Smith, Steven Kolpin, Dana Zaugg, Steven Buxton, Herbert Furlong, Edward Esposito, Kathleen Stinson, Beverley TI Pharmaceutical formulation facilities as sources of pharmaceuticals SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Soc Toxicol (EUROTOX), Molnlycke Hlth Care, Ferring Pharmaceut, AstraZeneca, Agilent Technol C1 [Phillips, Patrick; Smith, Steven; Kolpin, Dana; Zaugg, Steven; Buxton, Herbert; Furlong, Edward] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Esposito, Kathleen; Stinson, Beverley] AECOM, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2012 VL 211 SU S BP S16 EP S17 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.077 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 957PB UT WOS:000305173900052 ER PT J AU Opresko, DM Wagner, D Montgomery, AD Brugler, MR AF Opresko, D. M. Wagner, D. Montgomery, A. D. Brugler, M. R. TI Discovery of Aphanipathes verticillata (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Aphanipathidae; Aphanipathes verticillata mauiensis; new subspecies; black coral; range extension ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SCLERACTINIA; POCILLOPORIDAE; EVOLUTION; SPACERS; CORALS; GENE AB Mesophotic coral reef surveys conducted off Maui in 2008-2009 revealed several specimens superficially resembling the commercial black coral species Antipathes griggi Opresko 2009. After subsequent microscopic examination of the skeletal features, these colonies proved to be morphologically very similar to Aphanipathes verticillata Brook 1889, a species never before reported from the Hawaiian Islands. A comparison with samples of the type material of A. verticillata indicated that the specimens collected in Hawaiian waters differed from the type in having simplier and less dense tubercles on the skeletal spines, a character which merits the recognition of the Hawaiian population as a new subspecies, A. verticillata mauiensis. Colonies of the new subspecies exhibit considerable morphological variation; DNA analysis of fifteen specimens ruled out the possibility of the presence of a cryptic species. Further DNA investigations on specimens from various localities in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean are needed to better understand the genetic relationship between the two forms. The morphological similarity of A. verticillata mauiensis with Antipathes griggi raises questions concerning the validity of past field surveys evaluating the population size and structure of A. griggi since it is possible that the two species could easily be misidentified based on gross morphology alone. Additional studies are also needed to document the geographic and bathymetric distribution of the subspecies along the Hawaiian Island chain. C1 [Opresko, D. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Wagner, D.] Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Montgomery, A. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Brugler, M. R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Opresko, DM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dmopresko@hotmail.com; Daniel.Wagner@noaa.gov; Tony_Montgomery@fws.gov; mbrugler@amnh.org FU Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program [NA07NOS4780189]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA05OAR4301108]; NOAA Fisheries Disaster Relief Program [NA03NMF4520452]; Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council [NA07NMF4410114]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0623678]; National Marine Sanctuary Program [NWHICRER MOA 2005-008/6882]; National Science Foundation grant, Assembling the Cnidarian Tree of Life [EF-0531570] FX This work was supported in part by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program (NA07NOS4780189 to the State of Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources [DLNR]), the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NA05OAR4301108 to the Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory [HURL]), the NOAA Fisheries Disaster Relief Program (NA03NMF4520452 to the State of Hawai'i/DLNR), the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NA07NMF4410114 to the University of Hawai'i through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program), the National Science Foundation (OCE-0623678), and the National Marine Sanctuary Program (NWHICRER MOA 2005-008/6882). Partial support for the molecular analysis was provided by a subcontract to Scott C. France from a National Science Foundation grant, Assembling the Cnidarian Tree of Life (#EF-0531570). M. R. Brugler thanks Dr. France for his guidance and support while performing the molecular analysis at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. D. M. Opresko is a Research Associate at the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, and gratefully acknowledges that affiliation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 15 PY 2012 IS 3348 BP 24 EP 39 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 958VI UT WOS:000305268400002 ER PT J AU Schwenzer, SP Abramov, O Allen, CC Clifford, SM Cockell, CS Filiberto, J Kring, DA Lasue, J McGovern, PJ Newsom, HE Treiman, AH Vaniman, DT Wiens, RC AF Schwenzer, S. P. Abramov, O. Allen, C. C. Clifford, S. M. Cockell, C. S. Filiberto, J. Kring, D. A. Lasue, J. McGovern, P. J. Newsom, H. E. Treiman, A. H. Vaniman, D. T. Wiens, R. C. TI Puncturing Mars: How impact craters interact with the Martian cryosphere SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; cratering; impact processes; Mars surface; search for extraterrestrial life ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; STARTING CONDITIONS; RAMPART CRATERS; CLAY-MINERALS; GROUND ICE; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; EJECTA; WATER; PHYLLOSILICATES AB Geologic evidence suggests that the Martian surface and atmospheric conditions underwent major changes in the late Noachian, with a decline in observable water-related surface features, suggestive of a transition to a dryer and colder climate. Based on that assumption, we have modeled the consequences of impacts into a similar to 2-6 km-thick cryosphere. We calculate that medium-sized (few 10 s of km diameter) impact craters can physically andlor thermally penetrate through this cryosphere, creating liquid water through the melting of subsurface ice in an otherwise dry and frozen environment. The interaction of liquid water with the target rock produces alteration phases that thermochemical modeling predicts will include hydrous silicates (e.g., nontronite, chlorite, serpentine). Thus, even small impact craters are environments that combine liquid water and the presence of alteration minerals that make them potential sites for life to proliferate. Expanding on the well-known effects of large impact craters on target sites, we conclude that craters as small as similar to 5-20 km (depending on latitude) excavate large volumes of material from the subsurface while delivering sufficient heat to create liquid water (through the melting of ground ice) and drive hydrothermal activity. This connection between the surface and subsurface made by the formation of these small, and thus more frequent, impact craters may also represent the most favorable sites to test the hypothesis of life on early Mars. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwenzer, S. P.; Clifford, S. M.; Kring, D. A.; Lasue, J.; McGovern, P. J.; Treiman, A. H.] USRA, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Abramov, O.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Allen, C. C.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Cockell, C. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Filiberto, J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, MC 4234, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lasue, J.; Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lasue, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03 2050, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Vaniman, D. T.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Schwenzer, S. P.] Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Schwenzer, SP (reprint author), USRA, Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM s.p.schwenzer@open.ac.uk; oabramov@usgs.gov; carlton.c.allen@nasa.gov; clifford@lpi.usra.edu; c.s.cockell@ed.ac.uk; Filiberto@siu.edu; kring@lpi.usra.edu; lasue@lpi.usra.edu; mcgovern@lpi.usra.edu; newsom@unm.edu; treiman@lpi.usra.edu; dvaniman@psi.edu; rwiens@lanl.gov OI Schwenzer, Susanne Petra/0000-0002-9608-0759; McGovern, Patrick/0000-0001-9647-3096 FU NASA [NNX07AK42G, NNX09AL25G, NNH07DA001N]; NASA MDAP [NNX09AI42G]; NASA Mars Science Laboratory; Mars Fundamental Research Grant [NNH10AO831]; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX This work was supported, in part, by NASA Mars Fundamental Research grants NNX07AK42G (D.A.K., S.P.S.) and NNX09AL25G (A.H.T., J.F.); by NASA MDAP grant number NNX09AI42G (P.J.M.); by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grant NNH07DA001N (H.E.N.); by NASA Mars Science Laboratory project (R.C.W.) and Mars Fundamental Research Grant NNH10AO831 (D.V.); and a NASA Astrobiology Institute Director's Discretionary Fund award to O.A. We thank Bethany Ehlman, Bob Craddock and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful reviews. This is Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) contribution #1668. NR 94 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 335 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.031 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 981PM UT WOS:000306981600002 ER PT J AU Todd, E Gill, JB Pearce, JA AF Todd, Erin Gill, James B. Pearce, Julian A. TI A variably enriched mantle wedge and contrasting melt types during arc stages following subduction initiation in Fiji and Tonga, southwest Pacific SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subduction initiation; Fiji; Tonga; hafnium isotopes; tholeiitic magma; boninitic magma ID OCEANIC ISLAND-ARC; IZU-BONIN-MARIANA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; VITI-LEVU; BACK-ARC; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ELEMENT MOBILITY; SW PACIFIC; MAGMA; BASIN AB The earliest subaerially exposed magmatic products of the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec (FTK) arc are preserved in the Yavuna Group of Viti Levu, Fiji, and cobbles from 'Eua, Tonga. They are similar in age and magma types to the earliest rocks of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc. In Fiji they include typical island arc tholeiitic (IAT), boninitic (BON), and MORB-like early arc tholeiitic (EAT) pillow lavas that are interpreted as products of flux- and decompression-melting which occurred simultaneously during subduction initiation. Although the oldest rocks in the southwest Pacific (FTK) and the northwest Pacific (IBM) arcs are generally similar, they differ in two important respects. First, all magma types erupted simultaneously in the SW Pacific whereas a similar assemblage may have erupted sequentially in IBM. Second, the primary mantle wedge was "Pacific" in isotopic character in the SW Pacific, but "Indian" in the NW Pacific. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Todd, Erin; Gill, James B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Todd, Erin] Univ Munster, WWU, Inst Mineral, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Pearce, Julian A.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth Ocean & Planetary Sci, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. RP Todd, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM todd.erin@gmail.com FU NSF MARGINS [OCE0751600]; UCSC Center for the Study of Imaging and Dynamics of the Earth (CSIDE); Geological Society of America FX This work was funded by NSF MARGINS grant OCE0751600. Additional funding came from small grants in 2006 from the UCSC Center for the Study of Imaging and Dynamics of the Earth (CSIDE) and the Geological Society of America. We thank O. Ishizuka, K. Tani, and C. Allen for allowing us to present their unpublished and challenging Ar-Ar and U-Pb age results. Six Yavuna Group samples are from the 1993 Ph.D. Thesis of M. Wharton, Durham University. New unpublished trace element and isotope data for these samples are from J. A. Pearce (Cardiff) and P. Kempton (NIGL). One IBM FAB sample (1093R6) was donated by M. Reagan for clinopyroxene analysis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the paper. This work greatly benefitted from the technical assistance of C. Harris, D. Sampson, R. Franks, D. Tollstrup, and E. Peterman at UCSC, and F. Tepley, D. Burns, and A. Koleszar at OSU. It also celebrates JBG's return to the topic 44 yr after beginning work on it. NR 94 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 335 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.006 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 981PM UT WOS:000306981600018 ER PT J AU Swanson, DA Zolkos, SP Haravitch, B AF Swanson, Donald A. Zolkos, Scott P. Haravitch, Ben TI Ballistic blocks around Kilauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ballistic blocks; Block fall; Kilauea; Caldera; Volcanic hazards ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION; HAWAII; VOLCANO; DIFFERENTIATION; COLLAPSE; ISLANDS; LAKE AB Thousands of ballistic blocks occur around Kilauea Caldera and record part of the latest major period of explosive activity on the volcano, in late 1790 or within a few years thereafter. The sizes of the blocks - the largest of which is more than 2 m in nominal diameter - and differences in rock types allow the definition of at least 6 dispersal lobes of mostly undetermined relative age. The orientations of the lobes help approximate the locations of vents or explosion sources on the floor of the caldera, now deeply buried by younger lava flows. The vents may have been distributed northward for about 2 km from near the site of the modern Halema'uma'u Crater and were apparently confined to the western half of the caldera. The blocks are entirely lithic except for those in one dispersal lobe, which contains cored bombs and blocks as well as juvenile lapilli. Eruption parameters calculated from EJECT! suggest that the phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions could have been generated at the water table, about 600 m below the high point on the caldera rim. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swanson, Donald A.] Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. [Zolkos, Scott P.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Haravitch, Ben] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Swanson, DA (reprint author), Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51,Hawaii Natl Pk, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. EM donswan@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 231 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 970SS UT WOS:000306153200001 ER PT J AU Renner, HM Mueter, F Drummond, BA Warzybok, JA Sinclair, EH AF Renner, Heather M. Mueter, Franz Drummond, Brie A. Warzybok, John A. Sinclair, Elizabeth H. TI Patterns of change in diets of two piscivorous seabird species during 35 years in the Pribilof Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Marine birds; Diets; Black-legged kittiwake; Thick-billed murre; Walleye Pollock; Arctic oscillation Index; Pribilof Islands; Bering Sea; Alaska; USA ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; KITTIWAKES RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUR SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; BARENTS SEA; URIA-LOMVIA AB As upper level predators in the marine ecosystem, seabirds reflect fluctuations in the marine environment that influence their prey supply. Studies of seabird diets thus provide insight into the physical and biological mechanisms that potentially drive population changes in both predators and their prey. The eastern Bering Sea shelf, among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world, has undergone significant restructuring in recent decades that is likely to continue in light of anticipated climatic change. Using a dataset spanning 35 years at two of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea, we examined temporal patterns in diet and their relationships with oceanographic variables for black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), two piscivorous seabirds with differing foraging strategies. Diets varied significantly among years and between islands and species. Our substantially expanded dataset supported conclusions found in previous studies of this system, including the importance of pollock, particularly age-0 class, in kittiwake diets and the absence of capelin in diets of either species since the late 1970s. Diets of both species contained more gadids at St. Paul Island and more squid and euphausiids at St. George Island, likely reflecting differences in foraging location between islands. We found some relationships between kittiwake diet and broad-scale oceanographic variables (Arctic Oscillation Index and regional summer sea surface temperature) but not with local physical variables. Almost no time series data exist on availability and abundance of zooplankton or forage fish species such as age-0 pollock, myctophids, and sandlance in the eastern Bering Sea. Our measure of diet (number of individuals within each prey type) appears too coarse for detecting complex relationships between local oceanographic variables and seabird responses, but may provide invaluable information about changes in forage fish stocks, which are frequently expensive or difficult to otherwise measure. Future diet analyses should increase emphasis on evaluating caloric input (i.e., size and nutrient composition of each prey type) as well as attempts to measure the diet of murre chicks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Renner, Heather M.; Drummond, Brie A.; Warzybok, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Sinclair, Elizabeth H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Renner, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Hwy,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM heather_renner@fws.gov NR 87 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 273 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.014 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200022 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Kuletz, KJ Ressler, PH Friday, NA Wilson, CD Zerbini, AN AF Sigler, Michael F. Kuletz, Kathy J. Ressler, Patrick H. Friday, Nancy A. Wilson, Christopher D. Zerbini, Alexandre N. TI Marine predators and persistent prey in the southeast Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Seabirds; Whales; Prey; Persistence; Hot spots ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SCHOOLING FISH; SEABIRDS; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM; AVAILABILITY; PATTERNS; FORAGE; AGGREGATIONS AB Predictable prey locations reduce search time and energetic costs of foraging; thus marine predators often exploit locations where prey concentrations persist. In our study, we examined whether this association is influenced by differences among predator species in foraging modes (travel cost, surface feeder or diver) or whether the predator species is a central place forager or not. We examined distributions of two seabird species during their nesting period, the surface-feeding black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and the pursuit-diving thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia), and two baleen whale species, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), in relation to two key prey, age-1 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and euphausiids (Euphausiidae). Prey surveys were conducted once each year during 2004 and 2006-2010. Concurrent predator surveys were conducted in 2006-2010 (seabirds) and 2008 and 2010 (whales). We compared the seabird and whale foraging locations to where age-1 pollock and euphausiids were concentrated and considered the persistence of these concentrations, where the time-scale of persistence is year (i.e., a comparison among surveys that are conducted once each year). Euphausiids were widespread and concentrations often were reliably found within specific 37 km x 37 km blocks ('persistent hot spots of prey'). In contrast, age-1 pollock were more concentrated and their hot spots were persistent only on coarser scales (> 37 km). Both seabird species, regardless of foraging mode, were associated with age-1 pollock but not with euphausiids, even though age-1 pollock were less persistent than euphausiids. The higher travel cost central place foragers, thick-billed murres, foraged at prey concentrations nearer their island colonies than black-legged kittiwakes, which were more widespread foragers. Humpback whales were not tied to a central place and mostly were located only where euphausiids were concentrated, and further, often in locations where these concentrations were persistent. Fin whales were associated with locations where age-1 pollock were more likely, similar to black-legged kittiwakes and thick-billed murres, but their association with euphausiids was unclear. Our results suggest that a predator's foraging mode and their restrictions during breeding affect their response to prey persistence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.; Friday, Nancy A.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov; Kathy_Kuletz@fws.gov; Patrick.Ressler@noaa.gov; Nancy.Friday@noaa.gov; Chris.Wilson@noaa.gov; Alex.Zerbini@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 65-70 SI SI BP 292 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.017 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 970QU UT WOS:000306148200023 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Blade, I Kiladis, GN Carvalho, LMV Senay, GB Allured, D Leroux, S Funk, C AF Liebmann, Brant Blade, Ileana Kiladis, George N. Carvalho, Leila M. V. Senay, Gabriel B. Allured, Dave Leroux, Stephanie Funk, Chris TI Seasonality of African Precipitation from 1996 to 2009 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; WEST-AFRICA; RAINY-SEASON; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS; GROWING-SEASON; EAST-AFRICA; DYNAMICS AB A precipitation climatology of Africa is documented using 12 years of satellite-derived daily data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The focus is on examining spatial variations in the annual cycle and describing characteristics of the wet season(s) using a consistent, objective, and well-tested methodology. Onset is defined as occurring when daily precipitation consistently exceeds its local annual daily average and ends when precipitation systematically drops below that value. Wet season length, rate, and total are then determined. Much of Africa is characterized by a single summer wet season, with a well-defined onset and end, during which most precipitation falls. Exceptions to the single wet season regime occur mostly near the equator, where two wet periods are usually separated by a period of relatively modest precipitation. Another particularly interesting region is the semiarid to arid eastern Horn of Africa, where there are two short wet seasons separated by nearly dry periods. Chiefly, the summer monsoon spreads poleward from near the equator in both hemispheres, although in southern Africa the wet season progresses northwestward from the southeast coast. Composites relative to onset are constructed for selected points in West Africa and in the eastern Horn of Africa. In each case, onset is often preceded by the arrival of an eastward-propagating precipitation disturbance. Comparisons are made with the satellite-based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and gauge-based Famine Early Warning System (FEWS NET) datasets. GPCP estimates are generally higher than TRMM in the wettest parts of Africa, but the timing of the annual cycle and average onset dates are largely consistent. C1 [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Leroux, Stephanie] NOAA, ESRL, Natl Res Council, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Brant.Liebmann@noaa.gov RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012 FU NOAA CPO MAPP [NA100AR4310170, GC10-685]; Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-06944 DEVIAJE] FX The authors appreciate the excellent suggestions from both anonymous reviewers. We also acknowledge partial support from NOAA CPO MAPP Projects NA100AR4310170 and GC10-685. Author IB was funded by Grant CGL2009-06944 DEVIAJE of the Spanish MICINN. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 12 BP 4304 EP 4322 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00157.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GL UT WOS:000306043600020 ER PT J AU Sankey, JB Ravi, S Wallace, CSA Webb, RH Huxman, TE AF Sankey, Joel B. Ravi, Sujith Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Webb, Robert H. Huxman, Travis E. TI Quantifying soil surface change in degraded drylands: Shrub encroachment and effects of fire and vegetation removal in a desert grassland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; WIND EROSION; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; LASER ALTIMETRY; WESTERN US; CARBON; NITROGEN; LIDAR; COMMUNITIES AB Woody plant encroachment, a worldwide phenomenon, is a major driver of land degradation in desert grasslands. Woody plant encroachment by shrub functional types ultimately leads to the formation of a patchy landscape with fertile shrub patches interspaced with nutrient-depleted bare soil patches. This is considered to be an irreversible process of land and soil degradation. Recent studies have indicated that in the early stages of shrub encroachment, when there is sufficient herbaceous connectivity, fires (prescribed or natural) might provide some reversibility to the shrub encroachment process by negatively affecting shrub demography and homogenizing soil resources across patches within weeks to months after burning. A comprehensive understanding of longer term changes in microtopography and spatial patterning of soil properties following fire in shrub-encroached grasslands is desirable. Here, we investigate the changes in microtopography with LiDAR (light detection and ranging), vegetation recovery, and spatial pattering of soil properties in replicated burned, clipped, and control areas in a shrub-grass transition zone in the northern Chihuahuan Desert four years after prescribed fire or clipping. Results indicate a greater homogeneity in soil, microtopography, and vegetation patterning on burned relative to clipped and control treatments. Findings provide further evidence that disturbance by prescribed fire may allow for reversal of the shrub encroachment process, if the event occurs in the early stages of the vegetation shift. Improved understanding of longer-term effects of fire and associated changes in soil patterning can inform the use and role of fire in the context of changing disturbance regimes and climate. C1 [Sankey, Joel B.; Wallace, Cynthia S. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sankey, Joel B.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sankey, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Rm 111,520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jsankey@usgs.gov RI Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008 OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; NSF (University of New Mexico for Long-term Ecological Research) [DEB-0620482]; Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth Texas (UA Biosphere 2) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Scott Collins and Jennifer Johnson (Sevilleta LTER, New Mexico, USA) for providing access to field and laboratory facilities and technical guidance. This research was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship (Joel Sankey), NSF Award DEB-0620482 (University of New Mexico for Long-term Ecological Research) and Philecology Foundation of Fort Worth Texas (UA Biosphere 2). We thank Chris Soulard for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 68 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 117 AR G02025 DI 10.1029/2012JG002002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 960JI UT WOS:000305383400002 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Sleeter, BM Sayler, KL Bouchard, MA Reker, RR Bennett, SL Sleeter, RR Kanengieter, RL Zhu, ZL AF Sohl, Terry L. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Sayler, Kristi L. Bouchard, Michelle A. Reker, Ryan R. Bennett, Stacie L. Sleeter, Rachel R. Kanengieter, Ronald L. Zhu, Zhiliang TI Spatially explicit land-use and land-cover scenarios for the Great Plains of the United States SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Plains; Scenario; Land-use; Land-cover; Modeling; United States ID FUTURE DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; CHANGE MODELS; COSTA-RICA; VALIDATION; MULTISCALE; IMPACTS; SIMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Great Plains of the United States has undergone extensive land-use and land-cover change in the past 150 years, with much of the once vast native grasslands and wetlands converted to agricultural crops, and much of the unbroken prairie now heavily grazed. Future land-use change in the region could have dramatic impacts on ecological resources and processes. A scenario-based modeling framework is needed to support the analysis of potential land-use change in an uncertain future, and to mitigate potentially negative future impacts on ecosystem processes. We developed a scenario-based modeling framework to analyze potential future land-use change in the Great Plains. A unique scenario construction process, using an integrated modeling framework, historical data, workshops, and expert knowledge, was used to develop quantitative demand for future land-use change for four IPCC scenarios at the ecoregion level. The FORE-SCE model ingested the scenario information and produced spatially explicit land-use maps for the region at relatively fine spatial and thematic resolutions. Spatial modeling of the four scenarios provided spatial patterns of land-use change consistent with underlying assumptions and processes associated with each scenario. Economically oriented scenarios were characterized by significant loss of natural land covers and expansion of agricultural and urban land uses. Environmentally oriented scenarios experienced modest declines in natural land covers to slight increases. Model results were assessed for quantity and allocation disagreement between each scenario pair. In conjunction with the U.S. Geological Survey's Biological Carbon Sequestration project, the scenario-based modeling framework used for the Great Plains is now being applied to the entire United States. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.; Sayler, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Sleeter, Rachel R.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bouchard, Michelle A.; Reker, Ryan R.] ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Bennett, Stacie L.; Kanengieter, Ronald L.] SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov RI Reker, Ryan/G-4875-2016; OI Reker, Ryan/0000-0001-7524-0082; Bouchard, Michelle/0000-0002-6353-3491; Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU U.S. Geological Survey; USGS with ARTS [G10PC00044]; USGS with SGT [08PC91508] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Program and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. Michelle Bouchard and Ryan Reker's participation is supported through USGS contract G10PC00044 with ARTS. Stacie Bennett and Ron Kanengieter's participation is supported through USGS Contract 08PC91508 with SGT. NR 78 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 153 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.019 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 944WH UT WOS:000304234000001 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Palik, BJ Cornett, MW AF Shinneman, Douglas J. Palik, Brian J. Cornett, Meredith W. TI Can landscape-level ecological restoration influence fire risk? A spatially-explicit assessment of a northern temperate-southern boreal forest landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire risk; Southern boreal forest; Northern temperate forest; LANDIS-II; Forest landscape simulation model; Wilderness ID SIMULATION-MODEL; SUCCESSION; MANAGEMENT; AREA; USA; MINNESOTA; CLIMATE; ONTARIO; LANDIS; DISTURBANCE AB Management strategies to restore forest landscapes are often designed to concurrently reduce fire risk. However, the compatibility of these two objectives is not always clear, and uncoordinated management among landowners may have unintended consequences. We used a forest landscape simulation model to compare the effects of contemporary management and hypothetical restoration alternatives on fire risk in northern temperate and southern boreal forests of the Border Lakes Region in Minnesota, USA, and Ontario, Canada. Six main model scenarios simulated different combinations of timber harvest, fire exclusion, wildland fire use, and prescribed fire. Mean fire risk values were calculated as a function of high risk fuel type occurrence, fire events, and windthrow events over model time, and were compared among scenarios and among major management areas. Our model results indicate that a continuation of contemporary management, with limited wildland fire use, would increase fire risk over time and lead to greater continuity of high-risk fuel types in parks and wilderness areas. Compared to the contemporary management scenario, greater use of wildland fire in a historical natural disturbance scenario and three alternative restoration scenarios resulted in less spatially aggregated high-risk fuels over time and lower long-term fire risk in parks and wilderness. Outside of parks and wilderness, prescribed fire with logging was effective at reducing fire risk on portions of the landscape in two restoration scenarios, largely by maintaining deciduous tree dominance and fire-tolerant red and white pine stands, and timber harvest alone maintained patches of less fire-prone deciduous forests in some scenarios. However, forest restoration and fire risk objectives were not always compatible, especially when restoration of fire-prone forest conflicted with the goal of reducing risk of large, severe fires. Both fire risk reduction and forest restoration objectives will benefit from spatially coordinated, landscape-level planning among landowners. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Cornett, Meredith W.] Nature Conservancy, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dshinneman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey-Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Nature Conservancy; Minnesota Forest Resources Council FX Funding was provided mainly by the U.S. Forest Service National Fire Plan, with additional support by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, U.S. Geological Survey-Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, The Nature Conservancy, and Minnesota Forest Resources Council. We thank Casey Souder for GIS contributions. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 274 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.02.030 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 948PQ UT WOS:000304515500014 ER PT J AU Mishra, SK Hitzhusen, FJ Sohngen, BL Guldmann, JM AF Mishra, Shruti K. Hitzhusen, Frederick J. Sohngen, Brent L. Guldmann, Jean-Michel TI Costs of abandoned coal mine reclamation and associated recreation benefits in Ohio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Externalities; Water quality; Coal mining; Ecosystem services; Recreational value; Coal mine reclamation; Policy ID QUALITY AB Two hundred years of coal mining in Ohio have degraded land and water resources, imposing social costs on its citizens. An interdisciplinary approach employing hydrology, geographic information systems, and a recreation visitation function model, is used to estimate the damages from upstream coal mining to lakes in Ohio. The estimated recreational damages to five of the coal-mining-impacted lakes, using dissolved sulfate as coal-mining-impact indicator, amount to $21 Million per year. Post-reclamation recreational benefits from reducing sulfate concentrations by 6.5% and 15% in the five impacted lakes were estimated to range from $1.89 to $4.92 Million per year, with a net present value ranging from $14.56 Million to $37.79 Million. A benefit costs analysis (BCA) of recreational benefits and coal mine reclamation costs provides some evidence for potential Pareto improvement by investing limited resources in reclamation projects. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, Shruti K.; Hitzhusen, Frederick J.; Sohngen, Brent L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Guldmann, Jean-Michel] Ohio State Univ, Dept City & Reg Planning, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mishra, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middle Field Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM saishruti@gmail.com NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 100 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 920WE UT WOS:000302438600007 PM 22366357 ER PT J AU Gregg, JL Grady, CA Friedman, CS Hershberger, PK AF Gregg, J. L. Grady, C. A. Friedman, C. S. Hershberger, P. K. TI Inability to demonstrate fish-to-fish transmission of Ichthyophonus from laboratory infected Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to naive conspecifics SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring; Horizontal transmission; Parasite ID RAINBOW-TROUT; HOFERI; CALANUS; SOUND AB The parasite Ichthyophonus is enzootic in many marine fish populations of the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Forage fishes are a likely source of infection for higher trophic level predators; however, the processes that maintain Ichthyophonus in forage fish populations (primarily clupeids) are not well understood. Lack of an identified intermediate host has led to the convenient hypothesis that the parasite can be maintained within populations of schooling fishes by waterborne fish-to-fish transmission. To test this hypothesis we established Ichthyophonus infections in Age-1 and young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes) via intraperitoneal (IP) injection and cohabitated these donors with naive conspecifics (sentinels) in the laboratory. IP injections established infection in 75 to 84% of donor herring, and this exposure led to clinical disease and mortality in the YOY cohort. However, after cohabitation for 113 d no infections were detected in naive sentinels. These data do not preclude the possibility of fish-to- fish transmission, but they do suggest that other transmission processes are necessary to maintain Ichthyophonus in wild Pacific herring populations. C1 [Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.; Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Friedman, C. S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gregg, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM jgregg@usgs.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [1015]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program FX We thank J. Winton and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. We also thank R. Wade and L. Taylor for technical support on this project. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board Project #1015, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project #10100132-I, and the US Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. Experiments involving live animals were conducted under the approval of the University of Washington Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Protocol #4032-04. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the in formation and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 13 PY 2012 VL 99 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.3354/dao02458 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 957UG UT WOS:000305188900006 PM 22691982 ER EF