FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Medynski, S Pik, R Burnard, P Williams, A Vye-Brown, C Ferguson, D Blard, PH France, L Yirgu, G Seid, JI Ayalew, D Calvert, A AF Medynski, S. Pik, R. Burnard, P. Williams, A. Vye-Brown, C. Ferguson, D. Blard, P. -H. France, L. Yirgu, G. Seid, J. I. Ayalew, D. Calvert, A. TI Controls on magmatic cycles and development of rift topography of the Manda Hararo segment (Afar, Ethiopia): Insights from cosmogenic He-3 investigation of landscape evolution SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE He-3 cosmogenic; rifts; magmatic accretion; extension ID SOUTHERN RED-SEA; FLOOD BASALTS; CONTINENTAL BREAKUP; SPREADING CENTERS; PRODUCTION-RATES; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; VOLCANO; CONSTRAINTS; DEPRESSION; EPISODE AB Crustal extension at mature continental rifts and oceanic ridges occurs by a combination of normal faulting and magma injection, which interact to create rift morphology. Quantifying the relative roles of faulting and melt intrusion in accommodating extension at magmatic rifts remains difficult and requires studies at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to resolve the interaction between these processes. In this study we provide new chronological constraints based on cosmogenic exposure dating for the similar to 100 kyr topographic evolution of a young and active magmatic rift segment in Afar, Ethiopia. We combine structural investigations, field mapping, geochemical analysis and cosmogenic He-3 exposure dating of lava surfaces in order to investigate the interplay between volcanic activity and fault growth in the northern part of the axial depression, where the rift segment intersects a large stratovolcano. Our results allow us to determine the roles of the various magma reservoirs feeding this rift system and their interactions during accretion over the past 100 kyr. New age data for key lava units allow several magmatic cycles to be distinguished. Each cycle lasts 20-40 ka resulting in periods of high and low magma supply rate. The variations in magma supply rate at the segment extremity strongly affect the development of the rift depression, with the availability of melt controlling the morphological impact of faulting. Melts from different magma reservoirs feeding the segment are chemically distinct and geochemical analysis of lavas from the rift floor allows their respective contributions to maintaining magmatic accretion to be estimated. We propose that melts from the magma reservoir at the northern end of the segment contribute around one-third of the length of this portion of the segment, whereas the mid-segment reservoir is responsible for the remaining two-thirds of the segment accretion. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Medynski, S.; Pik, R.; Burnard, P.; Williams, A.; Blard, P. -H.; France, L.] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, UMR 7358, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Vye-Brown, C.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ferguson, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Yirgu, G.; Ayalew, D.] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Earth Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Seid, J. I.] Afar Natl Reg Govt, Water & Mines Bur, Semera, Ethiopia. [Calvert, A.] USGS Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Medynski, S (reprint author), Univ Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, UMR 7358, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM medynski@crpg.cnrs-nancy.fr RI Ferguson, David/B-2920-2010; Ferguson, David/C-9136-2013; OI Ferguson, David/0000-0003-0612-6512; france, lyderic/0000-0003-1138-0072 FU INSU "Actions Marges" consortium; CRONUS-EU research training network: EU FP6 Marie Curie Actions [511927] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Osman Mohammed Tajuddin. For their help in the field, we thank J. Foeken, Y. Marrocchi and P. Lahitte, as well as the members of the Afar regional government at Semera. We are grateful to B. Tibari (CRPG) for assistance with cosmogenic 3He and U and Th measurements and L. Zimmerman (CRPG) for technical assistance with mass spectrometry. We thank L. Field and R. Grandin for fruitful discussions and M. Kurz and an anonymous reviewer for constructive and helpful reviews. Financial support was provided by the INSU "Actions Marges" consortium (RP& SM) and the CRONUS-EU research training network: EU FP6 Marie Curie Actions, Project 511927 (AW post-doctoral position). C.V.-B. publishes with the permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey (Natural Environment Research Council). This is CRPG Contribution no. 2238. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 367 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.006 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156UB UT WOS:000319848300013 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Bakun, WH Flores, CH AF ten Brink, Uri S. Bakun, William H. Flores, Claudia H. TI Reply to a comment by Carol S. Prentice, Paul Mann, and Luis R. Pena on: "Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region" by U. ten Brink et al. (2011) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Spetentrional Fault; 1562 earthquake; 1842 earthquake; earthuake intensity; paleoseismicity ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PALLETT CREEK C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.; Flores, Claudia H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1606 EP 1608 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50147 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600018 ER PT J AU Elliott, JR Copley, AC Holley, R Scharer, K Parsons, B AF Elliott, J. R. Copley, A. C. Holley, R. Scharer, K. Parsons, B. TI The 2011 Mw 7.1 Van (Eastern Turkey) earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Van Turkey; InSAR; remote sensing; active faulting; seismology; seismic hazard ID ACTIVE TECTONICS; COSEISMIC DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; STRIKE-SLIP; FAULT-ZONE; IRAN; NORTHRIDGE; GEOMETRY; FIELD AB We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), body wave seismology, satellite imagery, and field observations to constrain the fault parameters of the Mw7.12011Van (Eastern Turkey) reverse-slip earthquake, in the Turkish-Iranian plateau. Distributed slip models from elastic dislocation modeling of the InSAR surface displacements from ENVISAT and COSMO-SkyMed interferograms indicate up to 9m of reverse and oblique slip on a pair of en echelon NW40 degrees-54 degrees dipping fault planes which have surface extensions projecting to just 10km north of the city of Van. The slip remained buried and is relatively deep, with a centroid depth of 14km, and the rupture reaching only within 8-9km of the surface, consistent with the lack of significant ground rupture. The up-dip extension of this modeled WSW striking fault plane coincides with field observations of weak ground deformation seen on the western of the two fault segments and has a dip consistent with that seen at the surface in fault gouge exposed in Quaternary sediments. No significant coseismic slip is found in the upper 8km of the crust above the main slip patches, except for a small region on the eastern segment potentially resulting from the Mw5.9 aftershock on the same day. We perform extensive resolution tests on the data to confirm the robustness of the observed slip deficit in the shallow crust. We resolve a steep gradient in displacement at the point where the planes of the two fault segments ends are inferred to abut at depth, possibly exerting some structural control on rupture extent. C1 [Elliott, J. R.; Parsons, B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Copley, A. C.] Bullard Labs, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Cambridge, England. [Holley, R.] CGG NPA, Edenbridge, Kent, England. [Scharer, K.] USGS, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Elliott, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM john.elliott@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Elliott, John/B-8200-2011; Parsons, Barry/K-4716-2012; OI Elliott, John/0000-0003-2957-4596; Copley, Alex/0000-0003-0362-0494 FU Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC); University of Cambridge; USAID; AFAD FX This work was supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) of which the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET, http://comet.nerc.ac.uk) is a part. AC was supported by a Research Fellowship at Pembroke College in the University of Cambridge. KS was supported in part by USAID and thanks AFAD for support during the post-earthquake field reconnaissance. Part of this work was carried out whilst JRE was a visitor at the Tectonics Observatory, Caltech, and we acknowledge Jean-Philippe Avouac and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for support. All ENVISAT SAR data are copyrighted by the European Space Agency and were provided through the GEO Supersite Initiative. All COSMO-SkyMed data are purchased under license from the Italian Space Agency (ASI). WorldView data are used under license from DigitalGlobe, Inc. We thank Ruth Pottinger of Fugro-NPA for sourcing the SAR and imagery data. We are grateful to JPL/Caltech for use of the ROI_PAC software. Most figures were made using the public domain Generic Mapping Tools [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. We are grateful to Sue Hough and Ken Hudnut for providing USGS internal reviews on the manuscript, as well as to James Jackson for his comments. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1637 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50117 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600020 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Simpson, RW AF Savage, J. C. Simpson, R. W. TI Clustering of GPS velocities in the Mojave Block, southeastern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Clustering; Mojave Block ID TRANSIENT STRAIN ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN WALKER LANE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GARLOCK FAULT; SLIP RATE; DESERT AB We find subdivisions within the Mojave Block using cluster analysis to identify groupings in the velocities observed at GPS stations there. The clusters are represented on a fault map by symbols located at the positions of the GPS stations, each symbol representing the cluster to which the velocity of that GPS station belongs. Fault systems that separate the clusters are readily identified on such a map. The most significant representation as judged by the gap test involves 4 clusters within the Mojave Block. The fault systems bounding the clusters from east to west are 1) the faults defining the eastern boundary of the Northeast Mojave Domain extended southward to connect to the Hector Mine rupture, 2) the Calico-Paradise fault system, 3) the Landers-Blackwater fault system, and 4) the Helendale-Lockhart fault system. This division of the Mojave Block is very similar to that proposed by Meade and Hager []. However, no cluster boundary coincides with the Garlock Fault, the northern boundary of the Mojave Block. Rather, the clusters appear to continue without interruption from the Mojave Block north into the southern Walker Lane Belt, similar to the continuity across the Garlock Fault of the shear zone along the Blackwater-Little Lake fault system observed by Peltzer et al. []. Mapped traces of individual faults in the Mojave Block terminate within the block and do not continue across the Garlock Fault [Dokka and Travis, 1990a]. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Simpson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1029/2012JB009699 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600026 ER PT J AU Taylor, RG Scanlon, B Doll, P Rodell, M van Beek, R Wada, Y Longuevergne, L Leblanc, M Famiglietti, JS Edmunds, M Konikow, L Green, TR Chen, JY Taniguchi, M Bierkens, MFP MacDonald, A Fan, Y Maxwell, RM Yechieli, Y Gurdak, JJ Allen, DM Shamsudduha, M Hiscock, K Yeh, PJF Holman, I Treidel, H AF Taylor, Richard G. Scanlon, Bridget Doell, Petra Rodell, Matt van Beek, Rens Wada, Yoshihide Longuevergne, Laurent Leblanc, Marc Famiglietti, James S. Edmunds, Mike Konikow, Leonard Green, Timothy R. Chen, Jianyao Taniguchi, Makoto Bierkens, Marc F. P. MacDonald, Alan Fan, Ying Maxwell, Reed M. Yechieli, Yossi Gurdak, Jason J. Allen, Diana M. Shamsudduha, Mohammad Hiscock, Kevin Yeh, Pat J. -F. Holman, Ian Treidel, Holger TI Ground water and climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID MURRAY-DARLING BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; HIGH-PLAINS; RECHARGE; IRRIGATION; AUSTRALIA; IMPACT; MODEL; RESOURCES AB As the world's largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to climate variability and change. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate change as more frequent and intense climate extremes (droughts and floods) increase variability in precipitation, soil moisture and surface water. Here we critically review recent research assessing the impacts of climate on ground water through natural and human-induced processes as well as through groundwater-driven feedbacks on the climate system. Furthermore, we examine the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in climate adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and climate. C1 [Taylor, Richard G.] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Scanlon, Bridget] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Doell, Petra] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rodell, Matt] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van Beek, Rens; Wada, Yoshihide; Bierkens, Marc F. P.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Longuevergne, Laurent] Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Leblanc, Marc] James Cook Univ, NCGRT, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, UC Ctr Hydrol Modelling, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Edmunds, Mike] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Konikow, Leonard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Green, Timothy R.] ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Chen, Jianyao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Taniguchi, Makoto] Res Inst Humanity & Nat, Kyoto 6308047, Japan. [MacDonald, Alan] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fan, Ying] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yechieli, Yossi] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gurdak, Jason J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Allen, Diana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Shamsudduha, Mohammad] UCL, Inst Risk & Disaster Reduct, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Hiscock, Kevin] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Yeh, Pat J. -F.] UNESCO, Int Ctr Water Hazard & Risk Management ICHARM, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 1538505, Japan. [Holman, Ian] Cranfield Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, Bucks, England. [Treidel, Holger] UNESCO IHP, Div Water Sci, F-75732 Paris 15, France. RP Taylor, RG (reprint author), UCL, Dept Geog, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM r.taylor@geog.ucl.ac.uk RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013; Doll, Petra/A-3784-2009; YEH, Pat/B-2758-2011; Wada, Yoshihide/F-3595-2012; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Allen, Diana/A-4215-2010; Taniguchi, Makoto/E-3335-2012; Longuevergne, Laurent /F-4641-2010; van Beek, Rens/B-4904-2014 OI Holman, Ian/0000-0002-5263-7746; Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441; Doll, Petra/0000-0003-2238-4546; YEH, Pat/0000-0001-7629-3362; Wada, Yoshihide/0000-0003-4770-2539; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Allen, Diana/0000-0003-3541-2470; Taniguchi, Makoto/0000-0001-7416-0275; Longuevergne, Laurent /0000-0003-3169-743X; van Beek, Rens/0000-0002-4758-108X NR 98 TC 191 Z9 193 U1 51 U2 417 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1744 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150OL UT WOS:000319400400008 ER PT J AU Dlubac, K Knight, R Song, YQ Bachman, N Grau, B Cannia, J Williams, J AF Dlubac, Katherine Knight, Rosemary Song, Yi-Qiao Bachman, Nate Grau, Ben Cannia, Jim Williams, John TI Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nuclear magnetic resonance; NMR logging; unconsolidated; hydraulic conductivity; permeability; High Plains aquifer ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; RELAXATION; DIFFUSION; WATER; FLOW AB Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important parameters of interest in groundwater applications because it quantifies the ease with which water can flow through an aquifer material. Hydraulic conductivity is typically measured by conducting aquifer tests or wellbore flow (WBF) logging. Of interest in our research is the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging to obtain information about water-filled porosity and pore space geometry, the combination of which can be used to estimate K. In this study, we acquired a suite of advanced geophysical logs, aquifer tests, WBF logs, and sidewall cores at the field site in Lexington, Nebraska, which is underlain by the High Plains aquifer. We first used two empirical equations developed for petroleum applications to predict K from NMR logging data: the Schlumberger Doll Research equation (KSDR) and the Timur-Coates equation (KT-C), with the standard empirical constants determined for consolidated materials. We upscaled our NMR-derived K estimates to the scale of the WBF-logging K(KWBF-logging) estimates for comparison. All the upscaled KT-C estimates were within an order of magnitude of KWBF-logging and all of the upscaled KSDR estimates were within 2 orders of magnitude of KWBF-logging. We optimized the fit between the upscaled NMR-derived K and KWBF-logging estimates to determine a set of site-specific empirical constants for the unconsolidated materials at our field site. We conclude that reliable estimates of K can be obtained from NMR logging data, thus providing an alternate method for obtaining estimates of K at high levels of vertical resolution. C1 [Dlubac, Katherine; Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Song, Yi-Qiao] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bachman, Nate] Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate Res, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Grau, Ben] Schlumberger Water Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cannia, Jim] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Williams, John] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater Branch Geophys, Troy, NY USA. RP Knight, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rknight@stanford.edu FU Hydrology Program; GOALI (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) Program of the National Science Foundation [0911234]; Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Environmental Trust; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program FX This research was supported by funding to R. Knight and Y. Song from the Hydrology Program and the GOALI (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) Program of the National Science Foundation (award 0911234); and by funding from the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We wish to thank Duane Woodward, project hydrologist with Central Platte Natural Resources, for his support and assistance with the project. We thank Greg Steele and Chris Hozba from the Nebraska Water Science Center for describing drill cuttings and conducting aquifer tests; and thank Jim Geoke, University of Nebraska-Lincoln for describing drill cuttings and collecting continuous core. We also wish to thank John Keller from Terra-Tek for his assistance with the sidewall cores. Finally, we wish to thank the team of engineers from Schlumberger Wireline Services, Jared Hoskins, Kenan Noe, and Sam Hooper. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1871 EP 1886 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20151 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 148XM UT WOS:000319282100009 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Eddy-Miller, CA Wheeler, JD Essaid, HI AF Constantz, Jim Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A. Wheeler, Jerrod D. Essaid, Hedeff I. TI Streambed exchanges along tributary streams in humid watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tributary stream; streambed exchanges; groundwater; heat tracing ID GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; HEAT; FLOW; TRANSPORT; SOLUTE; FLUX; USA; SUBSURFACE AB Tributary streams flow from the headwaters directly to the main stem in the valley axis and represent an important general stream type with high surface areas to volume and high streambed exchanges along much of their length. These characteristics strongly influence water quantity and quality in tributary streams, as well as the underlying groundwater and, eventually, the main stem. Tributary streams can be described as consisting of upland, central, and distal reaches, each with temporal trends in streambed exchanges unique to their spatial position along the tributary stream. In this work, thermal tracing and hydraulic monitoring reported in earlier works have been analyzed to compare surface-water/groundwater streambed exchange patterns along Fish Creek Wyoming (US), a well-studied tributary stream in a humid watershed. Results of this analysis demonstrate that composite thermal/hydraulic techniques successfully differentiated reach-specific streambed exchanges to distinguish upland, central, and distal reaches along Fish Creek above the Snake River. The upland and central reaches streambed exchanges were primarily vertical and horizontal streambed exchanges normal to general streamflow, while the distal reach streambed exchanges were lower in magnitude and more longitudinal in the same direction as streamflow. Heat-based streambed hydraulic conductivities were highest (and isotropic) for the upland reach and lowest (and strongly anisotropic) for the distal reach, in accordance with general downstream sediment fining approaching a main stem. These distinct reach patterns should show general transfer value, since general tributary streambed exchange patterns are expected to be influenced by proximity to headwaters in the upland reach, by buffering within alluvial fill in the central reach, and by proximity to the main stem in the distal reach. C1 [Constantz, Jim; Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Wheeler, Jerrod D.] US Geol Survey, Field Off, Riverton, WY USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov FU Teton Conservation District; Teton County; Wyoming Water Science Center; National Research Program, USGS FX Fish Creek landowners provided property access. The Teton Conservation District, Teton County, Wyoming Water Science Center, and National Research Program, USGS, provided funds. D. A. Stonestrom (USGS) provided detailed interpretations of unpublished isotope data, and Grant Ferguson and two anonymous reviewers provided substantial colleague reviews. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2197 EP 2204 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 148XM UT WOS:000319282100031 ER PT J AU Hearn, EH Onishi, CT Pollitz, FF Thatcher, WR AF Hearn, E. H. Onishi, C. T. Pollitz, F. F. Thatcher, W. R. TI How do "ghost transients" from past earthquakes affect GPS slip rate estimates on southern California faults? SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE earthquake cycle model; fault slip rates; block models; GPS velocity field; seismic hazard; viscoelastic relaxation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; INTERSEISMIC DEFORMATION; UNITED-STATES; CYCLE; ASTHENOSPHERE; INVERSION; MODEL; FLOW AB In this study, we investigate the extent to which viscoelastic velocity perturbations (or ghost transients) from individual fault segments can affect elastic block model-based inferences of fault slip rates from GPS velocity fields. We focus on the southern California GPS velocity field, exploring the effects of known, large earthquakes for two end-member rheological structures. Our approach is to compute, at each GPS site, the velocity perturbation relative to a cycle average for earthquake cycles on particular fault segments. We then correct the SCEC CMM4.0 velocity field for this perturbation and invert the corrected field for fault slip rates. We find that if asthenosphere viscosities are low (3x1018Pas), the current GPS velocity field is significantly perturbed by viscoelastic earthquake cycle effects associated with the San Andreas Fault segment that last ruptured in 1857 (Mw=7.9). Correcting the GPS velocity field for this perturbation (or ghost transient) adds about 5mm/a to the SAF slip rate along the Mojave and San Bernardino segments. The GPS velocity perturbations due to large earthquakes on the Garlock Fault (most recently, events in the early 1600s) and the White Wolf Fault (most recently, the Mw=7.3 1952 Kern County earthquake) are smaller and do not influence block-model inverted fault slip rates. This suggests that either the large discrepancy between geodetic and geologic slip rates for the Garlock Fault is not due to a ghost transient or that un-modeled transients from recent Mojave earthquakes may influence the GPS velocity field. C1 [Hearn, E. H.; Onishi, C. T.; Pollitz, F. F.; Thatcher, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hearn, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hearn.liz@gmail.com FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We would like to thank Kaj Johnson for his insightful comments on this manuscript and for his detailed clarifications of the modeling approach and specific parameter values used in his previous studies (e. g., CJ11). We also thank the associated editor and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. This research was supported in part by E. Hearn's grant from the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and is SCEC contribution # 1666. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 828 EP 838 DI 10.1002/ggge.20080 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150SA UT WOS:000319410100004 ER PT J AU Till, CB Grove, TL Carlson, RW Fouch, MJ Donnelly-Nolan, JM Wagner, LS Hart, WK AF Till, Christy B. Grove, Timothy L. Carlson, Richard W. Fouch, Matthew J. Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. Wagner, Lara S. Hart, William K. TI Depths and temperatures of < 10.5Ma mantle melting and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary below southern Oregon and northern California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE High Lava Plains; Cascades arc; Modoc Plateau; lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; thermometry; depth of melting; high alumina olivine tholeiite ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PLATE-TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HIGH LAVA PLAINS; PRIMITIVE BASALTS; CASCADE RANGE; CALC-ALKALINE; ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; MONOGENETIC VOLCANOS AB Plagioclase and spinel lherzolite thermometry and barometry are applied to an extensive geochemical dataset of young (<10.5Ma) primitive basaltic lavas from across Oregon's High Lava Plains, California's Modoc Plateau, and the central-southern Cascades volcanic arc to calculate the depths and temperatures of mantle melting. This study focuses on basalts with low pre-eruptive H2O contents that are little fractionated near-primary melts of mantle peridotite (i.e., basalts thought to be products of anhydrous decompression mantle melting). Calculated minimum depths of nominally anhydrous melt extraction are 4058km below Oregon's High Lava Plains, 4151km below the Modoc Plateau, and 3760km below the central and southern Cascades arc. The calculated depths are very close to Moho depths as determined from a number of regional geophysical studies and suggest that the geophysical Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in this region are located in very close proximity to one another (within 510km). The basalts originated at 11851383 degrees C and point to a generally warm mantle beneath this area but not one hot enough to obviously require a plume contribution. Our results, combined with a range of other geologic, geophysical, and geochemical constraints, are consistent with a regional model whereby anhydrous mantle melting over the last 10.5Ma in a modern convergent margin and back arc was driven by subduction-induced corner flow in the mantle wedge, and to a lesser extent, toroidal flow around the southern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates, and crustal extension-related upwelling of the shallow mantle. C1 [Till, Christy B.; Grove, Timothy L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Carlson, Richard W.; Fouch, Matthew J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Till, Christy B.; Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wagner, Lara S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hart, William K.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbtill@usgs.gov RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Till, Christy/D-7771-2012 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; FU Continental Dynamics Project on Oregon's HLP [EAR-0506914]; NSF [EAR-0809192, EAR-0506887]; USGS EdMap [G09AC00145] FX The ideas and geochemical data presented in this paper are an outgrowth of the Continental Dynamics Project on Oregon's HLP [EAR-0506914] and earlier foundational research by a number of the authors. Additional financial support was provided by NSF EAR-0809192 to L. S. Wagner, and NSF EAR-0506887 and USGS EdMap award #G09AC00145 to W. K. Hart. A great deal of thanks is extended to Anita Grunder, Randy Keller, David James, Kevin Eagar, Maureen Long, Chin-Wu Chen, Chris Kincaid, Bob Duncan, Jenda Johnson, and all the other scientists and personalities that brought this project to fruition. We would also like to thank Mike Clynne, Dennis Geist, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews of the paper. NR 115 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 864 EP 879 DI 10.1002/ggge.20070 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150SA UT WOS:000319410100007 ER PT J AU Campbell, PKE Middleton, EM Thome, KJ Kokaly, RF Huemmrich, KF Lagomasino, D Novick, KA Brunsell, NA AF Campbell, Petya K. Entcheva Middleton, Elizabeth M. Thome, Kurt J. Kokaly, Raymond F. Huemmrich, Karl Fred Lagomasino, David Novick, Kimberly A. Brunsell, Nathaniel A. TI EO-1 Hyperion Reflectance Time Series at Calibration and Validation Sites: Stability and Sensitivity to Seasonal Dynamics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth Observing-1; eddy covariance; flux sites; forest; grassland; Hyperion; imaging spectroscopy; Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites; reflectance; remote sensing; seasonal carbon dynamics; spectral time series; vegetation function; woodland ID RAILROAD VALLEY PLAYA; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ABSORPTION FEATURES; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; CARBON; GRADIENT; SENSORS; FLUXES; FOREST; RESPIRATION AB This study evaluated Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) Hyperion reflectance time series at established calibration sites to assess the instrument stability and suitability for monitoring vegetation functional parameters. Our analysis using three pseudo-invariant calibration sites in North America indicated that the reflectance time series are devoid of apparent spectral trends and their stability consistently is within 2.5-5 percent throughout most of the spectral range spanning the 12+ year data record. Using three vegetated sites instrumented with eddy covariance towers, the Hyperion reflectance time series were evaluated for their ability to determine important variables of ecosystem function. A number of narrowband and derivative vegetation indices (VI) closely described the seasonal profiles in vegetation function and ecosystem carbon exchange (e.g., net and gross ecosystem productivity) in three very different ecosystems, including a hardwood forest and tallgrass prairie in North America, and a Miombo woodland in Africa. Our results demonstrate the potential for scaling the carbon flux tower measurements to local and regional landscape levels. The VIs with stronger relationships to the CO2 parameters were derived using continuous reflectance spectra and included wavelengths associated with chlorophyll content and/or chlorophyll fluorescence. Since these indices cannot be calculated from broadband multispectral instrument data, the opportunity to exploit these spectrometer-based VIs in the future will depend on the launch of satellites such as EnMAP and HyspIRI. This study highlights the practical utility of space-borne spectrometers for characterization of the spectral stability and uniformity of the calibration sites in support of sensor cross-comparisons, and demonstrates the potential of narrowband VIs to track and spatially extend ecosystem functional status as well as carbon processes measured at flux towers. C1 [Campbell, Petya K. Entcheva; Huemmrich, Karl Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thome, Kurt J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kokaly, Raymond F.] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Lagomasino, David] Florida Int Univ, Hydrogeol Lab, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Novick, Kimberly A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC USA. [Brunsell, Nathaniel A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Campbell, PKE (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM petya.campbell@nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013; Lagomasino, David/P-8413-2015; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Lagomasino, David/0000-0003-4008-5363; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program [10509-0152, DE-FG02-00ER53015, DE-FG02-95ER62083] FX Manuscript received March 15, 2012; revised July 20, 2012 and November 02, 2012; accepted November 25, 2012. Date of publication April 24, 2013; date of current version May 13, 2013. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program (Grants 10509-0152, DE-FG02-00ER53015, and DE-FG02-95ER62083). NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 35 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2246139 PN 1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100004 ER PT J AU Chander, G Angal, A Choi, T Xiong, XX AF Chander, Gyanesh Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Radiometric Cross-Calibration of EO-1 ALI With L7 ETM+ and Terra MODIS Sensors Using Near-Simultaneous Desert Observations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Arabia 1; EO-1 ALI and Hyperion; L7 ETM+; Libya 4; Mauritania 2; radiometric cross-calibration; RSR; SBAF; Sudan 1; Terra MODIS ID ADVANCED LAND IMAGER; OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; ON-ORBIT; SITES; PERFORMANCE; SAHARAN; LANDSAT-7-ETM+; SPECTROMETER; HYPERION; DESIGN AB The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite was launched on November 21, 2000, as part of a one-year technology demonstration mission. The mission was extended because of the value it continued to add to the scientific community. EO-1 has now been operational for more than a decade, providing both multispectral and hyperspectral measurements. As part of the EO-1 mission, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensor demonstrates a potential technological direction for the next generation of Landsat sensors. To evaluate the ALI sensor capabilities as a precursor to the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM, or Landsat 8 after launch), its measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances were compared to the well-calibrated Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors in the reflective solar bands (RSB). These three satellites operate in a near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit 705 km above the Earth's surface. EO-1 was designed to fly one minute behind L7 and approximately 30 minutes in front of Terra. In this configuration, all the three sensors can view near-identical ground targets with similar atmospheric, solar, and viewing conditions. However, because of the differences in the relative spectral response (RSR), the measured physical quantities can be significantly different while observing the same target. The cross-calibration of ALI with ETM+ and MODIS was performed using near-simultaneous surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed by these sensors over four desert sites (Libya 4, Mauritania 2, Arabia 1, and Sudan 1). The differences in the measured TOA reflectances due to RSR mismatches were compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of each sensor. For this study, the spectral profile of the target comes from the near-simultaneous EO-1 Hyperion data over these sites. The results indicate that the TOA reflectance measurements for ALI agree with those of ETM+ and MODIS to within 5% after the application of SBAF. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX Manuscript received March 09, 2012; revised September 03, 2012, January 23, 2013; accepted March 06, 2013. Date of publication April 04, 2013; date of current version May 13, 2013. This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2251999 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100014 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Mariotto, I Gumma, MK Middleton, EM Landis, DR Huemmrich, KF AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Mariotto, Isabella Gumma, Murali Krishna Middleton, Elizabeth M. Landis, David R. Huemmrich, K. Fred TI Selection of Hyperspectral Narrowbands (HNBs) and Composition of Hyperspectral Twoband Vegetation Indices (HVIs) for Biophysical Characterization and Discrimination of Crop Types Using Field Reflectance and Hyperion/EO-1 Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperion; field reflectance; imaging spectroscopy; HyspIRI; biophysical parameters; hyperspectral vegetation indices; hyperspectral narrowbands; broadbands ID WATER PRODUCTIVITY; IRRIGATED WHEAT; ENERGY FLUXES; IMAGERY AB The overarching goal of this study was to establish optimal hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs) and hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) that best characterize, classify, model, and map the world's main agricultural crops. The primary objectives were: (1) crop biophysical modeling through HNBs and HVIs, (2) accuracy assessment of crop type discrimination using Wilks' Lambda through a discriminant model, and (3) meta-analysis to select optimal HNBs and HVIs for applications related to agriculture. The study was conducted using two Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion scenes and other surface hyperspectral data for the eight leading worldwide crops (wheat, corn, rice, barley, soybeans, pulses, cotton, and alfalfa) that occupy similar to 70% of all cropland areas globally. This study integrated data collected from multiple study areas in various agroecosystems of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and India. Data were collected for the eight crop types in six distinct growth stages. These included (a) field spectroradiometer measurements (350-2500 nm) sampled at 1-nm discrete bandwidths, and (b) field biophysical variables (e.g., biomass, leaf area index) acquired to correspond with spectroradiometer measurements. The eight crops were described and classified using similar to 20 HNBs. The accuracy of classifying these 8 crops using HNBs was around 95%, which was similar to 25% better than the multi-spectral results possible from Landsat-7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ or EO-1's Advanced Land Imager. Further, based on this research and meta-analysis involving over 100 papers, the study established 33 optimal HNBs and an equal number of specific two-band normalized difference HVIs to best model and study specific biophysical and biochemical quantities of major agricultural crops of the world. Redundant bands identified in this study will help overcome the Hughes Phenomenon (or "the curse of high dimensionality") in hyperspectral data for a particular application (e.g., biophysical characterization of crops). The findings of this study will make a significant contribution to future hyperspectral missions such as NASA's HyspIRI. C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mariotto, Isabella] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, Environm Sci Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gumma, Murali Krishna] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, South Asia Breeding Hub, IRRI, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landis, David R.] Sigma Space Corp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Huemmrich, K. Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division [NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI]; USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX The authors want to thank Dr. Zhuoting Wu for help with Figs. 3 and 8. The four anonymous reviewers and two internal USGS reviewers (Dr. Dennis Dye and Dr. Kristin Byrd) were very insightful in their comments and helped improve the quality of this manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Elizabeth Middleton, NASA, Guest Editor of this special issue, for the encouragement to put this paper together. Dr. David Landis, Sigma Space Corp. for editing the penultimate version along with Dr. Middleton. The financial support through Land Remote Sensing (LRS) and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division for the research grant in response to NASA ROSES HyspIRI solicitation (NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI). The authors are grateful for continued support and encouragement from Susan Benjamin, Director of the USGS Western Geographic Science Center and Edwin Pfeifer, USGS Southwest Geographic Team Chief. Finally, the authors would like to thank USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for funding the Working group on Global Croplands (WGGC). Our special thanks to Powell Center Directors: Jill Baron and Marty Goldhaber. Inputs from WGGC team members (http://powellcenter.usgs.gov/currentprojects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers) are acknowledged. The WGGC web site (https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/) support provided by Megan Eberhardt Frank, Gail A. Montgomery, Tim Kern and others is deeply appreciated. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 52 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252601 PN 1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100018 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Poland, MP AF Johnson, Jessica H. Poland, Michael P. TI Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kilauea's 2008 summit explosion SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; HAWAII; VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKES; INSIGHTS; ERUPTION; STRESS; FAULT AB The 2008 explosion that started a new eruption at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, was not preceded by a dramatic increase in earthquakes nor inflation, but was associated with increases in SO2 emissions and seismic tremor. Here we perform shear wave splitting analysis on local earthquakes spanning the onset of the eruption. Shear wave splitting measures seismic anisotropy and is traditionally used to infer changes in crustal stress over time. We show that shear wave splitting may also vary due to changes in volcanic degassing. The orientation of fast shear waves at Kilauea is usually controlled by structure, but in 2008 showed changes with increased SO2 emissions preceding the start of the summit eruption. This interpretation for changing anisotropy is supported by corresponding decreases in V-p/V-s ratio. Our result demonstrates a novel method for detecting changes in gas flux using seismic observations and provides a new tool for monitoring under-instrumented volcanoes. C1 [Johnson, Jessica H.; Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. [Johnson, Jessica H.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Study Act Volcanoes, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM jessjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Jessica/N-1113-2015; OI Johnson, Jessica/0000-0003-3628-6402; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU University of Hawai'i at Hilo; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by a cooperative agreement between the University of Hawai'i at Hilo and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Weston Thelen and Paul Okubo for their help with retrieving seismic data, and Jeff Sutton for SO2 emission rates. The seismic waveforms used in these analyses are available from IRIS (http://www.iris.edu/data/access/network code HV), and the SO2 emission rate data are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1107/. Figures were created using GMT31. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1668 DI 10.1038/ncomms2703 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 143MR UT WOS:000318872100025 PM 23575672 ER PT J AU Booth, CJ Johnson, CJ Pedersen, JA AF Booth, Clarissa J. Johnson, Christopher J. Pedersen, Joel A. TI Microbial and enzymatic inactivation of prions in soil environments SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Prion; Microorganisms; Bacteria; Fungi; Microbial consortia; Enzymes; Proteases; Land management ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; NOCARDIOPSIS SP TOA-1; INSECTICIDAL CRY1AB PROTEIN; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SCRAPIE AGENT; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HUMIC ACIDS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal, infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. The etiological agent in TSEs is the prion and is thought to be composed of aggregated, beta-sheet-rich conformers of the prion protein (PrPTSE) derived from misfolding of a benign cellular form of the same protein. Prions are remarkably resistant to inactivation and can persist and remain infectious in the environment for years. Environmental routes of TSE transmission are implicated in chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer, elk and moose and in scrapie of sheep and goats. Soil is thought to be an important reservoir of CWD and scrapie infectivity. The extent to which prions are inactivated by natural processes in soils is unclear, and methods for inactivating TSE agents in soil are currently lacking. This critical review discusses current knowledge on the degradation of PrPTSE and inactivation of prions by individual bacterial species, mixed microbial consortia, and isolated bacterial and archaeal enzymes, and highlights areas warranting further research. Research conducted to date indicates that few microorganisms are able to degrade PrPTSE. Fungi have not been evaluated for their ability to inactivate TSE agents. Of proteases reported to degrade PrPTSE, most are serine proteases and many require harsh conditions (e.g, elevated temperature, high pH, detergent) for optimal PrPTSE-degrading activity. Declines in the levels of PrPTSE are not always accompanied by equivalent decreases in TSE infectivity. Most biodegradation studies reported to date did not examine effects on TSE infectivity and must therefore be considered inconclusive with respect to the likely impact on prion disease transmission. Improved understanding of the factors affecting prion inactivation is required to discern natural routes of prion inactivation or implement effective practices outside of the laboratory. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Booth, Clarissa J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pedersen, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [4C-R156-NAEX]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (CSREES) [WIS01341]; U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX JAP gratefully acknowledges funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (4C-R156-NAEX) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CSREES project WIS01341). CB gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. We thank Dennis Heisey (U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center) and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We dedicate this review to the memory of Prof. John Seville Waid, Founding Editor of Soil Biology and Biochemistry. NR 247 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 59 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.016 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 141VG UT WOS:000318754000001 ER PT J AU Robu, M Fortin, JK Richards, MP Schwartz, CC Wynn, JG Robbins, CT Trinkaus, E AF Robu, Marius Fortin, Jennifer K. Richards, Michael P. Schwartz, Charles C. Wynn, Jonathan G. Robbins, Charles T. Trinkaus, Erik TI Isotopic evidence for dietary flexibility among European Late Pleistocene cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; carbon; nitrogen; cave bear; Ursus spelaeus; grizzly bear; Ursus arctos horribilis; Europe; Yellowstone; paleodiet ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; BONE-COLLAGEN; GRIZZLY BEARS; TROPHIC LEVEL; PALEOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; CLIMATIC INFORMATION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY C-13; TOOTH COLLAGEN; EXTINCT BEARS; ANCIENT DNA AB The proposed dietary pattern of extinct Late Pleistocene cave bears (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmuller, 1794) has become controversial, as some authors have suggested that they were strictly vegetarian, whereas others maintain they were omnivores that at times ate large amounts of animal protein. We evaluated these alternatives by compiling stable isotope data of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) from the bone collagen of adult European cave bears from the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotopic Stage 3). The data include previously published analyses and additional data from the southeastern European (Carpathian) sites of Cioclovina, Muierii, Oase, and Ursilor. The cave bear isotopic values from bone collagen were compared with those from hair keratin occurring in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) collected from 1989 to 2009 in the western United States (Yellowstone National Park). The Yellowstone bears have access to a wide diversity of plants and animals, such that their diets can range from vegetarian to carnivorous. Thus, there was considerable delta C-13 and delta N-15 variation among the grizzly bear isotopic values, and the cave bear isotopic variation was encompassed within the overall grizzly bear isotopic distribution. More importantly, the delta N-15 distributions, reflecting principally trophic level, were not different between the cave bears and the grizzly bears; the cave bear values are, on average, slightly higher or lower than those of the grizzly bears, depending on the criteria for inclusion in the comparisons. It is therefore no longer appropriate to view Late Pleistocene cave bears as strictly or even predominantly vegetarian but as flexible omnivores within their diverse communities. C1 [Robu, Marius] Inst Speol Emil Racovita, Bucharest 050711, Romania. [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Richards, Michael P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Anthropol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Richards, Michael P.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wynn, Jonathan G.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Trinkaus, Erik] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Trinkaus, E (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM trinkaus@artsci.wustl.edu RI Richards, Michael/A-9374-2008; Wynn, Jonathan/C-1646-2010; Richards, Michael/O-3717-2016 OI Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887 FU CNCS-UEFISCDI [IDEI 31/2010]; Max Planck Institute; USGS BRD Natural Resources Preservation Program; Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Washington State University Bear Center; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park FX The analysis of the additional cave bear isotopic data was funded by CNCS-UEFISCDI Grant IDEI 31/2010 (KARSTHIVES Project) and the Max Planck Institute. B. P. Onac, O.T. Moldovan, S. Constantin, A. Popescu, M. Puscas, and the Apuseni National Park provided M. R. and (or) E. T. access to collections and useful advice. Funding for the Yellowstone project was provided by USGS BRD Natural Resources Preservation Program, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Washington State University Bear Center, and Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2013 VL 91 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1139/cjz-2012-0222 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 142FZ UT WOS:000318783700005 ER PT J AU Karaoulis, M Revil, A Tsourlos, P Werkema, DD Minsley, BJ AF Karaoulis, M. Revil, A. Tsourlos, P. Werkema, D. D. Minsley, B. J. TI IP4DI: A software for time-lapse 2D/3D DC-resistivity and induced polarization tomography SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Resistivity; Induced polarization; Inversion; Time-lapse ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; SHALY SANDS; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES; OCCAMS INVERSION AB We propose a 2D/3D forward modelling and inversion package to invert direct current (DC)-resistivity, time-domain induced polarization (TDIP), and frequency-domain induced polarization (FDIP) data. Each cell used for the discretization of the 2D/3D problems is characterized by a DC-resistivity value and a chargeability or complex conductivity for TDIP/FDIP problems, respectively. The governing elliptic partial differential equations are solved with the finite element method, which can be applied for both real and complex numbers. The inversion can be performed either for a single snapshot of data or for a sequence of snapshots in order to monitor a dynamic process such as a salt tracer test. For the time-lapse inversion, we have developed an active time constrained (ATC) approach that is very efficient in filtering out noise in the data that is not correlated over time. The forward algorithm is benchmarked with simple analytical solutions. The inversion package IP4DI is benchmarked with three tests, two including simple geometries. The last one corresponds to a time-lapse resistivity problem for cross-well tomography during enhanced oil recovery. The algorithms are based on MATLAB (R) code package and a graphical user interface (GUI). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karaoulis, M.; Revil, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, Equipe Volcans, INSU CNRS LGIT UMR 5559, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Tsourlos, P.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Geophys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Werkema, D. D.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Revil, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM marios.karaoulis@gmail.com; arevil@mines.edu; tsourlos@geo.auth.gr; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov; bminsley@usgs.gov RI Karaoulis, Marios/C-9977-2013; OI Tsourlos, Panagiotis/0000-0002-6992-8566; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU EPA; DOE [GO18195, DEEE0005513]; Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi FX We thank the support of EPA and funding from DOE (Energy efficiency and Renewable Energy Geothermal Technologies Program Award #GO18195 and Geothermal Technology Advancement for Rapid Development of Resources in the U.S., GEODE, Award #DEEE0005513) and the Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi. We thank J. Zhang for the multiphase simulation for time lapse resistivity example. We thank Alex Furman for his review and the Editor for his work. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.008 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900019 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS AF Mueller, David S. TI extrap: Software to assist the selection of extrapolation methods for moving-boat ADCP streamflow measurements SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Velocity profile; Discharge measurement; Matlab; Rivers; Power law AB Selection of the appropriate extrapolation methods for computing the discharge in the unmeasured top and bottom parts of a moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) streamflow measurement is critical to the total discharge computation. The software tool, extrap, combines normalized velocity profiles from the entire cross section and multiple transects to determine a mean profile for the measurement. The use of an exponent derived from normalized data from the entire cross section is shown to be valid for application of the power velocity distribution law in the computation of the unmeasured discharge in a cross section. Selected statistics are combined with empirically derived criteria to automatically select the appropriate extrapolation methods. A graphical user interface (GUI) provides the user tools to visually evaluate the automatically selected extrapolation methods and manually change them, as necessary. The sensitivity of the total discharge to available extrapolation methods is presented in the GUI. Use of extrap by field hydrographers has demonstrated that extrap is a more accurate and efficient method of determining the appropriate extrapolation methods compared with tools currently (2012) provided in the ADCP manufacturers' software. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM dmueller@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.02.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900025 ER PT J AU Som, SM Hagadorn, JW Thelen, WA Gillespie, AR Catling, DC Buick, R AF Som, Sanjoy M. Hagadorn, James W. Thelen, Weston A. Gillespie, Alan R. Catling, David C. Buick, Roger TI Quantitative discrimination between geological materials with variable density contrast by high resolution X-ray computed tomography: An example using amygdule size-distribution in ancient lava flows SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE X-ray tomography; Amygdules; Bubble-size distribution; Dynamic thresholding; Bootstrap resampling; Central limit theorem ID BASALT FLOWS; BUBBLE; ROCKS; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; COALESCENCE; ERUPTION AB The bubble-size distribution in 2.7 billion year old lava flows can be used as a proof of concept illustrating a new set of techniques for measuring volumes of geological materials with variable density contrasts using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Such studies have been limited in the past to high-contrast situations such as vesicles devoid of secondary fill. We present a new dynamic thresholding method for computationally separating amygdules from their basaltic matrix in X-ray images that is based on a technique used in seismology. The technique is sensitive to the gradient of the gray-scale value, rather than an absolute threshold value often applied to an entire set of X-ray images. Additionally, we present statistical methods for extrapolating the volumetric measurement mean and standard deviation of amygdules in the measured samples to the entire population in the flow. To do so, we create additional amygdule sample sets from the original sample set in the process of 'bootstrap' resampling, and use the Central Limit Theorem to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the amygdule population from these sample sets. This suite of methods allows the extension of bubble-size distribution studies typically done on modern flows to the ancient rock record and potentially has many other uses in geosciences where quantitative discrimination between materials with a range of densities is required. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Som, Sanjoy M.; Thelen, Weston A.; Gillespie, Alan R.; Catling, David C.; Buick, Roger] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Som, Sanjoy M.] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Hagadorn, James W.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Thelen, Weston A.] Hawaii Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. RP Som, SM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM sanjoy@uw.edu OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X; Buick, Roger/0000-0003-0139-1659 FU NASA Exobiology/Astrobiology grant [NNX08AP56G] FX This work was funded by NASA Exobiology/Astrobiology grant NNX08AP56G. The help of John Perreault is gratefully acknowledged in assisting with BLOB3D amygdule extraction. Richard Ketcham and Philip Watson at the UT HRXCT facility are thanked for their helpful feedback during our implementation of BLOB3D. This manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by Richard Ketcham and Guilherme Gualda. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.11.019 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900027 ER PT J AU Rastatter, L Kuznetsova, MM Glocer, A Welling, D Meng, X Raeder, J Wiltberger, M Jordanova, VK Yu, Y Zaharia, S Weigel, RS Sazykin, S Boynton, R Wei, H Eccles, V Horton, W Mays, ML Gannon, J AF Rastaetter, L. Kuznetsova, M. M. Glocer, A. Welling, D. Meng, X. Raeder, J. Wiltberger, M. Jordanova, V. K. Yu, Y. Zaharia, S. Weigel, R. S. Sazykin, S. Boynton, R. Wei, H. Eccles, V. Horton, W. Mays, M. L. Gannon, J. TI Geospace environment modeling 2008-2009 challenge: D-st index SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE model validation; GEM 2008 challenge ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; OUTPUT PARAMETRIC MODELS; MAGNETIC-FIELD MODEL; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RING CURRENT; SIMULATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SUBSTORM AB This paper reports the metrics-based results of the Dst index part of the 20082009 GEM Metrics Challenge. The 20082009 GEM Metrics Challenge asked modelers to submit results for four geomagnetic storm events and five different types of observations that can be modeled by statistical, climatological or physics-based models of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We present the results of 30 model settings that were run at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and at the institutions of various modelers for these events. To measure the performance of each of the models against the observations, we use comparisons of 1hour averaged model data with the Dst index issued by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan, and direct comparison of 1minute model data with the 1minute Dst index calculated by the United States Geological Survey. The latter index can be used to calculate spectral variability of model outputs in comparison to the index. We find that model rankings vary widely by skill score used. None of the models consistently perform best for all events. We find that empirical models perform well in general. Magnetohydrodynamics-based models of the global magnetosphere with inner magnetosphere physics (ring current model) included and stand-alone ring current models with properly defined boundary conditions perform well and are able to match or surpass results from empirical models. Unlike in similar studies, the statistical models used in this study found their challenge in the weakest events rather than the strongest events. C1 [Rastaetter, L.; Kuznetsova, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Glocer, A.; Mays, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Welling, D.; Meng, X.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jordanova, V. K.; Yu, Y.; Zaharia, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Weigel, R. S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sazykin, S.] Rice Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Boynton, R.; Wei, H.] Univ Sheffield, ACSE, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Eccles, V.] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT USA. [Horton, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gannon, J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Rastatter, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM lutz.rastaetter@nasa.gov RI Glocer, Alex/C-9512-2012; Yu, Yiqun/E-2710-2012; Welling, Daniel/C-1970-2013; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; Meng, Xing/A-1929-2016; OI Glocer, Alex/0000-0001-9843-9094; Yu, Yiqun/0000-0002-1013-6505; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743; Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Wei, Hua-Liang/0000-0002-4704-7346 FU Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling; Science and Technology Centers program of the National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950]; National Science Foundation FX Hourly Dst data were obtained from the World Data Center of Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan and 1 minute data were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Both index values include magnetic data from the following stations: KAK: Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan, HON, SJG: Honolulu and San Juan magnetic observatories, USGS, HER: Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, South African National Space Agency (SANSA). Solar wind input data for the models (magnetic field and plasma parameters) were obtained from OMNI (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) and CDAweb (cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) databases. This work was supported by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, which is funded by the Science and Technology Centers program of the National Science Foundation under agreement number ATM-0120950. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 4 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1002/swe.20036 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140EH UT WOS:000318636700008 ER PT J AU Gimenez, O Abadi, F Barnagaud, JY Blanc, L Buoro, M Cubaynes, S Desprez, M Gamelon, M Guilhaumon, F Lagrange, P Madon, B Marescot, L Papadatou, E Papaix, J Peron, G Servanty, S AF Gimenez, O. Abadi, F. Barnagaud, J-Y. Blanc, L. Buoro, M. Cubaynes, S. Desprez, M. Gamelon, M. Guilhaumon, F. Lagrange, P. Madon, B. Marescot, L. Papadatou, E. Papaix, J. Peron, G. Servanty, S. TI How can quantitative ecology be attractive to young scientists? Balancing computer/desk work with fieldwork SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS C1 [Gimenez, O.; Abadi, F.; Blanc, L.; Gamelon, M.; Lagrange, P.; Marescot, L.] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Barnagaud, J-Y.] UMR BIOGECO, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Cestas, France. [Buoro, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cubaynes, S.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London, Berks, England. [Desprez, M.] Macquarie Univ, Marine Mammal Res Grp, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Gamelon, M.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Gamelon, M.] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Chateauvillain, France. [Guilhaumon, F.] CIBIO Univ Evora, Rui Nabeiro Biodivers Chair, Evora, Portugal. [Lagrange, P.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Madon, B.] Boomerang Earth Conservat, Antony, France. [Papaix, J.] INRA AgroParisTech, Biol & Gest Risques Agr, UMR 1290, Thiverval Grignon, France. [Papaix, J.] INRA, UR 341, Jouy En Josas, France. [Peron, G.; Servanty, S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Peron, G.; Servanty, S.] 1484 Campus Delivery Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Gimenez, O (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. EM olivier.gimenez@cefe.cnrs.fr RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010; PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013; Desprez, Marine/I-8054-2014; Papaix, Julien/S-3431-2016; OI Guilhaumon, Francois/0000-0003-4707-8932; Buoro, Mathieu/0000-0001-7053-3767 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 2 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00597.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131GW UT WOS:000317981800002 ER PT J AU Dalman, SG Weems, RE AF Dalman, Sebastian G. Weems, Robert E. TI A New Look at Morphological Variation in the Ichnogenus Anomoepus, with Special Reference to Material from the Lower Jurassic Newark Supergroup: Implications for Ichnotaxonomy and Ichnodiyersity SO BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE East Berlin Formation; Early Jurassic; Connecticut River Valley; Massachusetts; ornithischian dinosaurs trackways; morphology; locomotor behavior; Anomoepus ID DINOSAUR; MASSACHUSETTS; FOOTPRINTS; TRACKS; POLAND; HARTFORD; BASIN; SITE; USA; MA AB Numerous new trackways of the small, ornithischian dinosaurs ichnogenus Anomoepus were discovered in the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) East Berlin Formation in Holyoke, Massachusetts. This new material consists of 16 trackways, on two bedding surfaces 1.5 cm apart, all in close proximity to each other. The abundant pedal and manual impressions have well-preserved digital pad impressions, and claw marks are often discernible also. An osteometric analysis allows reconstruction of the pedal digits and weight-bearing portions of the metatarsals. On the basis of their small size, as well as distinctive features and proportions of both the manus and pes impressions, these prints are assigned to the ichnospecies Anomoepus lacertoideus (comb. nov.). Three ichnospecies of Anomoepus can be recognized in the Lower Jurassic of the Newark Supergroup: A. lacertoideus, A. scambus and A. crassus. The A. lacertoideus footprints described herein provide evidence that this small, ornithischian track maker engaged in a variety of locomotion-related behaviors. Trackways mostly consist of digitigrade pes prints, reflecting bipedal locomotion, but intervals of quadrupedal progression also are documented by metatarsal and manus imprints in seven trackways. The longest trackways, each consisting of 10 to 15 pes impressions, vary in morphology as a result of the presence or absence of an impression of the distal parts of metatarsals II and IV. The manus prints show two distinct digital divarication angles, 120 degrees and 180 degrees, depending on whether the animal was walking normally or stopping. Variations in substrate consistency influenced locomotor behavior, as shown by the variable pattern of body weight distributions on the pedal digits. Such differences are especially apparent in the longest trackways, which vary in stride and pace lengths. The trends of the abundant trackways at this site also suggest group behavior in Anomoepus, something previously unrecorded for this ichnogenus in the Connecticut River Valley. Evidence from the East Berlin Formation suggests that ichnogenus Anomoepus is not monospecific as some authors have suggested. C1 [Dalman, Sebastian G.] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Weems, Robert E.] Paleo Quest, Gainesville, VA 20155 USA. [Weems, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dalman, SG (reprint author), Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, 600 Pk St, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM sebastiandalman@yahoo.com; rweems@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PEABODY MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY-YALE UNIV PI NEW HAVEN PA 170 WHITNEY AVE, PO BOX 208118, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8118 USA SN 0079-032X J9 B PEABODY MUS NAT HI JI Bull. Peabody Mus. Natl. Hist. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 67 EP 124 PG 58 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137RV UT WOS:000318456000004 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Conn, PB Hooten, MB Ray, JC Pond, BA AF Johnson, Devin S. Conn, Paul B. Hooten, Mevin B. Ray, Justina C. Pond, Bruce A. TI Spatial occupancy models for large data sets SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; caribou; intrinsic conditionally autoregressive; occupancy model; probit regression; Rangifer tarandus; reduced rank; spatial regression ID BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; WOLVERINE; BINARY; ERRORS; SCALE AB Since its development, occupancy modeling has become a popular and useful tool for ecologists wishing to learn about the dynamics of species occurrence over time and space. Such models require presence-absence data to be collected at spatially indexed survey units. However, only recently have researchers recognized the need to correct for spatially induced overdisperison by explicitly accounting for spatial autocorrelation in occupancy probability. Previous efforts to incorporate such autocorrelation have largely focused on logit-normal formulations for occupancy, with spatial autocorrelation induced by a random effect within a hierarchical modeling framework. Although useful, computational time generally limits such an approach to relatively small data sets, and there are often problems with algorithm instability, yielding unsatisfactory results. Further, recent research has revealed a hidden form of multicollinearity in such applications, which may lead to parameter bias if not explicitly addressed. Combining several techniques, we present a unifying hierarchical spatial occupancy model specification that is particularly effective over large spatial extents. This approach employs a probit mixture framework for occupancy and can easily accommodate a reduced-dimensional spatial process to resolve issues with multicollinearity and spatial confounding while improving algorithm convergence. Using open-source software, we demonstrate this new model specification using a case study involving occupancy of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) over a set of 1080 survey units spanning a large contiguous region ( 108 000 km(2)) in northern Ontario, Canada. Overall, the combination of a more efficient specification and open-source software allows for a facile and stable implementation of spatial occupancy models for large data sets. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ray, Justina C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. [Pond, Bruce A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov FU OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario FX The authors thank J. Hughes, J. Hodges, M. Haran, B. Reich, J. Ver Hoef, J. Laake, and M. Kery for helpful discussion. We are grateful to Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) pilots and field and science unit staff, to Supercub pilots H. McMahan and G. Lee, L. Yesno who acted as an observer, and to G. Woolmer, C. Stratton, and F. Hofmann for data processing. We are indebted to the OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario for financial support. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131BF UT WOS:000317964900005 ER PT J AU Cho, Y Jin, JM Witt, M Birdwell, JE Na, JG Roh, NS Kim, S AF Cho, Yunju Jin, Jang Mi Witt, Matthias Birdwell, Justin E. Na, Jeong-Geol Roh, Nam-Sun Kim, Sunghwan TI Comparing Laser Desorption Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Shale Oils at the Molecular Level SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL St. Pete Beach, FL ID FT-ICR MS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CRUDE-OIL; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS; ASPHALTENES; FRACTIONS; ESI; PETROLEOMICS; MIXTURES AB Laser desorption ionization (LDI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze shale oils. Previous work showed that LDI is a sensitive ionization technique for assessing aromatic nitrogen compounds, and oils generated from Green River Formation oil shales are well-documented as being rich in nitrogen. The data presented here demonstrate that LDI is effective in ionizing high-double-bond-equivalent (DBE) compounds and, therefore, is a suitable method for characterizing compounds with condensed structures. Additionally, LDI generates radical cations and protonated ions concurrently, the distribution of which depends upon the molecular structures and elemental compositions, and the basicity of compounds is closely related to the generation of protonated ions. This study demonstrates that LDI FT-ICR MS is an effective ionization technique for use in the study of shale oils at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDI FT-ICR MS has been applied to shale oils. C1 [Cho, Yunju; Jin, Jang Mi; Kim, Sunghwan] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Jin, Jang Mi] Korea Basic Sci Inst, Div Mass Spectrometry Res, Ochang 863883, South Korea. [Witt, Matthias] Bruker Daltonik GmbH, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Na, Jeong-Geol; Roh, Nam-Sun] Korea Inst Energy Res, Climate Change Technol Res Div, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Kim, Sunghwan] Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM sunghwank@knu.ac.kr OI Na, Jeong-Geol/0000-0003-2196-7547; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korean government (MEST) [20110003796]; Korea Institute of Energy Research; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean Government FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (20110003796) and the Korea Institute of Energy Research. This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2011-Fostering Core Leaders of the Future Basic Science Program). We thank M. Lewan (U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO) for assistance with various aspects of this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1830 EP 1837 DI 10.1021/ef3015662 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 130WN UT WOS:000317950900012 ER PT J AU Kertson, BN Spencer, RD Grue, CE AF Kertson, Brian N. Spencer, Rocky D. Grue, Christian E. TI Demographic influences on cougar residential use and interactions with people in western Washington SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cougar; demographics; Puma concolor; residential use; Washington; wildland-urban interface; wildlife-human interaction ID GPS COLLAR PERFORMANCE; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; URBANIZING ENVIRONMENTS; MOUNTAIN LIONS; SPACE USE; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA AB Sound management of large carnivore populations in wildland-urban environments requires accurate information regarding the ecology of these populations and factors contributing to their interactions with people. We quantified cougar (Puma concolor) residential use and interactions with people in western Washington from 2003 to 2008 to characterize the ecology and risks associated with an adaptable large carnivore residing in a wildland-urban environment. We fitted cougars with global positioning system and very-high-frequency radiocollars, quantified residential use, and tested for differences between demographic classes using analysis of variance fixed-effects and multiple-comparison models. We investigated interaction reports to quantify interaction rates and tested for differences among interaction levels for different cougar demographic classes. We captured 32 cougars (16 males and 16 females) and estimated 33 annual utilization distributions (UDs) for 27 individuals. Ninety-three percent of cougars (n = 27; 15 males and 12 females) used residential areas with an average UD overlap of 16.86% (SD = 17.05%, n = 33). There were no differences between male and female (F-1,F-29 = 0.77, P = 0.49) or resident and transient (F-1,F-29 = 0.0003, P = 0.99) use of residential areas, but subadult use was significantly higher than that of adults (F-1,F-29 = 7.20, P = 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of reports were confirmed (n = 73), with livestock depredations accounting for 67% of confirmed reports. The interaction rate for radiocollared cougars was low (1.6 interactions/1,000 radiodays) and all demographic classes were involved in similar numbers of interactions. Use of residential areas in western Washington appears to be a function of the adaptive and mobile nature of the cougar exploiting suitable habitat and resources within the matrix of residential development. Interaction appears to be a function of individual behavior. Management strategies that target problem individuals and maintain older age structures in local populations coupled with proactive landscape planning and public education in residential areas at the wildland-urban interface may provide an effective strategy for decreasing cougar-human interaction. C1 [Kertson, Brian N.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Spencer, Rocky D.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kertson, BN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brian.kertson@dfw.wa.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Washington FX We thank B. Richards, M. White, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Detachment 10 personnel for invaluable field assistance and B. Maletzke for input on all aspects of our investigation. We also thank the Washington Department of Natural Resources, King County Parks, Seattle Public Utilities, Tacoma Water, Hancock Forest Management, Fruit Growers Supply, and countless private landowners for graciously providing access to their lands. Reviews by R. Beausoleil, G. Koehler, L. Sweanor, and 1 anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Funding and logistical support were provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the University of Washington. Mention of trade names or suppliers does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 98 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-051.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 133HN UT WOS:000318129600002 ER PT J AU Faries, KM Kristensen, TV Beringer, J Clark, JD White, D Eggert, LS AF Faries, Kaitlyn M. Kristensen, Thea V. Beringer, Jeff Clark, Joseph D. White, Don, Jr. Eggert, Lori S. TI Origins and genetic structure of black bears in the Interior Highlands of North America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bear; genetic sexing; microsatellites; population structure; reintroduction; translocation; Ursus americanus ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; URSUS-AMERICANUS; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; SEX IDENTIFICATION; POLAR BEARS; TRANSLOCATION; DIVERSITY; LOUISIANA AB Although black bears (Ursus americanus) were believed to be extirpated from the Interior Highlands of North America by the early 1900s, populations have recently recovered, aided in part by reintroductions in Arkansas. Today black bears can be found in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests of northern and western Arkansas, the White River National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Arkansas, and the Ozark region of southern Missouri. Previous genetic studies have investigated the effects of translocating black bears from Minnesota and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests between 1958 and 1968, with differing results. We used nuclear microsatellite loci to infer the genetic structure of black bears across the Interior Highlands and to investigate the sources of bears found today in southern Missouri. Our results suggest that the Ozark population was strongly influenced by the reintroductions, whereas the Ouachita population was influenced to a lesser degree. Although the majority of bears in the Ozark region of Arkansas and Missouri represent a single genetic unit, bears in Webster County, Missouri, may represent a remnant of the historical population of the region. Our results confirm that the bear population in the White River National Wildlife Refuge is strongly differentiated genetically from other Arkansas populations and support previous reports that the Ouachita bear population may have resulted from an admixture of a remnant population and reintroduced bears. C1 [Faries, Kaitlyn M.; Eggert, Lori S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kristensen, Thea V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [White, Don, Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Eggert, LS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM eggertl@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 43 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-093.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 133HN UT WOS:000318129600011 ER PT J AU Castelblanco-Martinez, DN Padilla-Saldivar, J Hernandez-Arana, HA Slone, DH Reid, JP Morales-Vela, B AF Castelblanco-Martinez, D. N. Padilla-Saldivar, J. Hernandez-Arana, H. A. Slone, D. H. Reid, J. P. Morales-Vela, B. TI Movement patterns of Antillean manatees in Chetumal Bay (Mexico) and coastal Belize: A challenge for regional conservation SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antillean manatee; Trichechus manatus manatus; home range; residency; satellite telemetry; Mexico; Belize ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; DROWNED CAYES; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SEAGRASSES; FLORIDA AB Information from 15 satellite-tracked Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) was analyzed in order to assess individual movements, home ranges, and high-use areas for conservation decisions. Manatees were captured in Chetumal Bay, Mexico, and tagged with Argos-monitored satellite transmitters. Location of the manatees and physical characteristics were assessed to describe habitat properties. Most manatees traveled to freshwater sources. The Maximum Area Size (MAS) for each manatee was determined using the observation-area method. Additional kernel densities of 95% home range and 50% Center of Activity (COA) were also calculated, with manatees having 13 COAs. Manatees exhibited two different movement patterns: remaining in Chetumal Bay, and long-distance (up to 240km in 89 d). The residence time in Chetumal Bay was higher for females (89.6% of time) than for males (72.0%), but the daily travel rate (0.40.5km/d) was similar for both sexes. Most of the COAs fell within Natural Protected Areas (NPA). However, manatees also travel for long distances into unprotected areas, where they face uncontrolled boat traffic, fishing activities, and habitat loss. Conservation of movement corridors may promote long-distance movements and facilitate genetic exchange. C1 [Castelblanco-Martinez, D. N.; Padilla-Saldivar, J.; Hernandez-Arana, H. A.; Morales-Vela, B.] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Slone, D. H.; Reid, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Morales-Vela, B (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Av Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM bmorales@ecosur.mx RI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/E-5141-2015; OI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/0000-0001-8966-453X; Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU SEMARNAT/CONACyT [2002-C01-1128]; CONACyT; Dolphin Discovery Group; Sirenian International Inc. FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by SEMARNAT/CONACyT (Project 2002-C01-1128). CONACyT also gave a Ph.D. study grant to DNC-M. Dolphin Discovery Group and Sirenian International Inc. gave additional economic support. Temporal captures and radio-tagging of manatees in Mexico were done under permission of SEMARNAT-Direccion General de Vida Silvestre (permit documents NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03144, 04513, 03670/06 and 03675/07). Thanks to Rafael Estrada-Anaya, Gerardo Rodriguez-Martinez, Marco Benitez-Garcia, Daniel Robelo, Manuel Robelo, Humberto Bahena-Basave, Mauro Sanvicente-Lopez, and many volunteers for their collaboration in manatee captures and tracking. The authors thank field assistants Isai Madriz-Villanueva, Cristian Barajas, Jose Olivares-Escobedo, Isabel Mercadillo-Elguero, Alejandro Aragon-Moreno, and Jose Angel Cohuo Colli for their help in ecological data collection. Two anonymous reviewers of U.S. Geological Survey improved the manuscript with their comments and advice. Thanks are due to two anonymous reviewers and to Dr. Tom O'Shea for their very valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP E166 EP E182 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00602.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600008 ER PT J AU Khan, NS Horton, BP McKee, KL Jerolmack, D Falcini, F Enache, MD Vane, CH AF Khan, Nicole S. Horton, Benjamin P. McKee, Karen L. Jerolmack, Douglas Falcini, Federico Enache, Mihaela D. Vane, Christopher H. TI Tracking sedimentation from the historic A.D. 2011 Mississippi River flood in the deltaic wetlands of Louisiana, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA; COASTAL MARSHES; RECORD; DIATOM; RITA; SUBMERGENCE; ACCRETION; DEPOSITS; IMPACTS AB Management and restoration of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (southern United States) and associated wetlands require a quantitative understanding of sediment delivery during large flood events, past and present. Here, we investigate the sedimentary fingerprint of the 2011 Mississippi River flood across the Louisiana coast (Atchafalaya Delta, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River Delta basins) to assess spatial patterns of sedimentation and to identify key indicators of sediment provenance. The sediment deposited in wetlands during the 2011 flood was distinguished from earlier deposits based on biological characteristics, primarily absence of plant roots and increased presence of centric (planktonic) diatoms indicative of riverine origin. By comparison, the lithological (bulk density, organic matter content, and grain size) and chemical (stable carbon isotopes of bulk organic matter) properties of flood sediments were nearly identical to the underlying deposit. Flood sediment deposition was greatest in wetlands near the Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers and accounted for a substantial portion (37% to 85%) of the annual accretion measured at nearby monitoring stations. The amount of sediment delivered to those basins (1.1-1.6 g cm(-2)) was comparable to that reported previously for hurricane sedimentation along the Louisiana coast (0.8-2.1 g cm(-2)). Our findings not only provide insight into how large-scale river floods influence wetland sedimentation, they lay the groundwork for identifying previous flood events in the stratigraphic record. C1 [Khan, Nicole S.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Jerolmack, Douglas; Falcini, Federico] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Falcini, Federico] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Enache, Mihaela D.] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Khan, NS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 240 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/H-4822-2011; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/0000-0003-3097-5530; Falcini, Federico/0000-0001-8105-2491 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1140269, EAR-0722476]; NOAA [NA110AR4310101]; University of Pennsylvania FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-1140269 and EAR-0722476), NOAA (grant NA110AR4310101), and the University of Pennsylvania. We thank Ches Vervaeke, Tina Dura, Tanisha Touchet, Melanie Mills, and Adam Constantin for assistance with sediment collection and analysis, and Christopher Bernhardt and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This paper is published by permission of the Executive Director, British Geological Survey (NERC). This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 588 "Preparing for coastal change" and PALSEA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 44 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1130/G33805.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000002 ER PT J AU Carey, RJ Manga, M Degruyter, W Gonnermann, H Swanson, D Houghton, B Orr, T Patrick, M AF Carey, Rebecca J. Manga, Michael Degruyter, Wim Gonnermann, Helge Swanson, Donald Houghton, Bruce Orr, Tim Patrick, Matthew TI Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAVA LAKE; SILICATE MELTS; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; BASALTS; GROWTH; MAGMAS; WATER AB Microtextures of juvenile pyroclasts from Kilauea's (Hawai'i) early A.D. 2008 explosive activity record the velocity and depth of convection within the basaltic magma-filled conduit. We use X-ray microtomography (mu XRT) to document the spatial distribution of bubbles. We find small bubbles (radii from 5 mu m to 70 mu m) in a halo surrounding larger millimeter-size bubbles. This suggests that dissolved water was enriched around the larger bubbles-the opposite of what is expected if bubbles grow as water diffuses into the bubble. Such volatile enrichment implies that the volatiles within the large bubbles were redissolving into the melt as they descended into the conduit by the downward motion of convecting magma within the lava lake. The thickness of the small bubble halo is similar to 100-150 mu m, consistent with water diffusing into the melt on time scales on the order of 10(3) s. Eruptions, triggered by rockfall, rapidly exposed this magma to lower pressures, and the haloes of melt with re-dissolved water became sufficiently supersaturated to cause nucleation of the population of smaller bubbles. The required supersaturation pressures are consistent with a depth of a few hundred meters and convection velocities of the order of 0.1 m s(-1), similar to the circulation velocity observed on the surface of the Halema'uma'u lava lake. C1 [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Manga, Michael; Degruyter, Wim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Gonnermann, Helge] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Swanson, Donald; Orr, Tim; Patrick, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. [Houghton, Bruce] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Carey, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. EM rebecca.carey@utas.edu.au RI Degruyter, Wim/D-4503-2014; Carey, Rebecca/A-5381-2013; OI Degruyter, Wim/0000-0001-7139-6872; Carey, Rebecca/0000-0003-2015-6419; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1049662, EAR-0810332, EAR-1145187]; U.S. Geological Survey [SV-ARRA-0004] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-1049662, EAR-0810332, and EAR-1145187, and U.S. Geological Survey grant SV-ARRA-0004. We would like to thank Jocelyn McPhie, Dork Sahagian, Ed Llewelyn, Roger Denlinger, and two anonymous reviewers for editing a previous version of the manuscript. The FTIR and XRT analyses were conducted at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, USA. We wish to thank the 8.3.2 and 1.4.3 ALS Beamline scientists Alastair McDowell, Dula Parkinson, Michael Martin, and Hans Bectel for all their helpful advice and technical assistance. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1130/G33685.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000003 ER PT J AU Silvestro, S Vaz, DA Ewing, RC Rossi, AP Fenton, LK Michaels, TI Flahaut, J Geissler, PE AF Silvestro, Simone Vaz, D. A. Ewing, R. C. Rossi, A. P. Fenton, L. K. Michaels, T. I. Flahaut, J. Geissler, P. E. TI Pervasive aeolian activity along rover Curiosity's traverse in Gale Crater, Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINDS AB The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, has safely landed near a 35-km-long dark dune field in Gale Crater on Mars. This dune field crosses the landing site from the northeast to the southwest and lies along Curiosity's traverse to Aeolis Mons. Here we present the first evidence of recent aeolian activity in the form of ripple and dune migration, and further estimate wind directions within the dune field through analysis of ripple and dune morphologies and the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS). We measured a minimum ripple migration rate of 0.66 m per Earth year, and dune migration rate of 0.4 m per Earth year, in the southwest portion of the field. A strongly bidirectional ripple crestline orientation, nearly orthogonal dune slipfaces, and linear seif or oblique dunes indicate a bidirectional wind regime with winds mainly coming from the ENE and from the northwest; however, MRAMS results indicate primary winds from the ENE. Our constraints on the wind regime provide the unique opportunity to use ground measurements from MSL to test the accuracy of winds predicted from orbital data. C1 [Silvestro, Simone; Fenton, L. K.; Michaels, T. I.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Vaz, D. A.] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Geophys, Astron Observ, P-3040004 Coimbra, Portugal. [Vaz, D. A.] Inst Super Tecn, CERENA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Ewing, R. C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rossi, A. P.] Jacobs Univ, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Flahaut, J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Geissler, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Silvestro, S (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, 189 North Bernardo Ave,Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM ssilvestro@seti.org RI Vaz, David/M-4702-2013; Rossi, Angelo Pio/B-5931-2013 OI Vaz, David/0000-0002-3583-2267; Rossi, Angelo Pio/0000-0002-0137-1984 FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N]; FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) [PEst-OE/CTE/UI0611/2012-CGUC, FRH/BPD/72371/2010] FX This research was funded by a grant from the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (NNH09ZDA001N). We thank two anonymous reviewers and Noah Hammond for useful advice and comments. D.A. Vaz acknowledges the support given by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) under the contract PEst-OE/CTE/UI0611/2012-CGUC and grant FRH/BPD/72371/2010, with Portuguese and European funds. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1130/G34162.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000025 ER PT J AU Buurman, H West, ME Roman, DC AF Buurman, Helena West, Michael E. Roman, Diana C. TI Using repeating volcano-tectonic earthquakes to track post-eruptive activity in the conduit system at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCATION; ERUPTION; SEISMICITY; EVOLUTION; SWARM; FAULT AB In the year following the end of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, four significant swarms of low-frequency, low-magnitude (M-L < 0.1) earthquakes occurred at shallow depths beneath the summit. Because swarms of low-frequency (LF) earthquakes preceded eruptions in 1989 and 2009, the posteruption swarms caused considerable concern and prompted the Alaska Volcano Observatory to raise the monitoring levels on three occasions. None of these swarms led to eruptions, however, and most observers (including us) initially concluded that the swarms had been caused by minor stress adjustments in the new lava dome or in the surrounding summit glaciers. New observations reveal that the shallow LF swarms were accompanied by 2 families of repeating earthquakes at depths between 3 km and 6 km below sea level, where the magma storage region is thought to be. These mid-crustal volcano-tectonic (VT) type earthquakes were identical to earthquakes recorded during the 2009 Redoubt eruption more than 6 months earlier. Focal mechanisms demonstrate that these earthquakes have thrust mechanisms inconsistent with the strike-slip nature of regional faulting. Based on these observations, we conclude that they are generated through processes occurring within the magma storage region. The concurrence of the repeating VT earthquakes with the shallow LF swarms indicates that the shallow LF earthquakes were also magmatically driven. Our results emphasize that even brief episodes of low-amplitude earthquake activity, such as the LF swarms observed at Redoubt following the 2009 eruption, can be indicative of magmatic activity. Perhaps more significant, however, is the demonstration that the conduit system at Redoubt remained active, intact, and capable of transporting heat and fluids to the surface months after the eruption was considered over. C1 [Buurman, Helena; West, Michael E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Roman, Diana C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Buurman, H (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1130/G34089.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000032 ER PT J AU Parcheta, CE Houghton, BF Swanson, DA AF Parcheta, C. E. Houghton, B. F. Swanson, D. A. TI Contrasting patterns of vesiculation in low, intermediate, and high Hawaiian fountains: A case study of the 1969 Mauna Ulu eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian fountain; Kilauea; Vesicle number density; Mauna Ulu 1969 ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; NON-NEWTONIAN RHEOLOGY; BUBBLE-BEARING MAGMAS; MOUNT-ETNA; BASALTIC MAGMA; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SILICATE MELTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PLINIAN ERUPTION AB Hawaiian-style eruptions, or Hawaiian fountains, typically occur at basaltic volcanoes and are sustained, weakly explosive jets of gas and dominantly coarse, juvenile ejecta (dense spatter to delicate reticulite). Almost the entire range of styles and mass eruption rates within Hawaiian fountaining occurred during twelve fountaining episodes recorded at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea between May and December 1969. Such diversity in intensity and style is controlled during magma ascent by many processes that can be constrained by the size and shape of vesicles in the 1969 pyroclasts. This paper describes pyroclast vesicularity from high, intermediate, and low fountaining episodes with eruption rates from 0.05 to 13 x 10(6) m(3) h(-1). As each eruptive episode progressed, magma ascent slowed in and around the vent system, offering extended time for bubbles to grow and coalesce. Late ejected pyroclasts are thus characterized by populations of fewer and larger vesicles with relaxed shapes. This progression continued in the intervals between episodes after termination of fountain activity. The time scale for this process of shallow growth, coalescence and relaxation of bubbles is typically tens of hours. Rims and cores of pumiceous pyroclasts from moderate to high fountaining episodes record a second post-fragmentation form of vesicle maturation. Partially thermally insulated pyroclasts can have internal bubble populations evolve more dynamically with continued growth and coalescence, on a time scale of only minutes, during transport in the fountains. Reticulite, which formed in a short-lived fountain 540 m in height, underwent late, short-lived bubble nucleation followed by rapid growth of a uniform bubble population in a thermally insulated fountain, and quenched at the onset of permeability before significant coalescence. These contrasting patterns of shallow degassing and outgassing were the dominant controls in determining both the form and duration of fountaining episodes at Mauna Ulu, and probably for many other Hawaiian-style eruptions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parcheta, C. E.; Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Parcheta, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parcheta@hawaii.edu FU NSF [EAR-0810332]; Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Graduate Fellowship FX This project was funded by an NSF grant EAR-0810332, and a Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Graduate Fellowship. Also, we thank Drs. Krot and Nagashima for their help and guidance on the SEM, and JoAnn Sinton for her careful preparation in our reticulite thin sections. We thank Cynthia Gardner for her constructive USGS internal review, two anonymous reviewers from the journal who gave helpful feedback, and Lionel Wilson for handling the manuscript. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 255 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126PQ UT WOS:000317633800006 ER PT J AU Bowen, RA O'Shea, TJ Shankar, V Neubaum, MA Neubaum, DJ Rupprecht, CE AF Bowen, Richard A. O'Shea, Thomas J. Shankar, Vidya Neubaum, Melissa A. Neubaum, Daniel J. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI PREVALENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES TO RABIES VIRUS IN SERUM OF SEVEN SPECIES OF INSECTIVOROUS BATS FROM COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bats; Chiroptera; Colorado; New Mexico; rabies; serology; virus-neutralizing antibodies ID BIG BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; NORTH-AMERICA; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; EXPOSURE; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; ANESTHESIA; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB We determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in Colorado and New Mexico, United States in 2003-2005. A subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus RNA in saliva. We sampled little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in Larimer County, Colorado; big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in Morgan County, Colorado; and big brown bats at five maternity roosts in Larimer County. We also sampled hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) captured while drinking or foraging over water in Bernalillo County, New Mexico and at various locations in Larimer County. Big brown bats, little brown bats, long-legged myotis (Myotis volans), long-eared nip:A:is (Myotis evotis), and fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) were also sampled over water in Larimer County. All species except long-eared myotis included individuals with RVNA, with prevalences ranging from 7% in adult female silver-haired bats to 32% in adult female hoary bats. None of the bats had detectable rabies-virus RNA in oropharyngeal swabs, including 51 bats of 5 species that had RVNA in serum. Antibody-positive bats were present in nine of the 10 maternity colonies sampled. These data suggest that wild bats are commonly exposed to rabies virus and develop a humoral immune response suggesting some degree of viral replication, but many infections fail to progress to clinical disease. C1 [Bowen, Richard A.; Shankar, Vidya; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Neubaum, Daniel J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shankar, Vidya; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM richard.bowen@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation EID grant [0094959]; US Geological Survey; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security); Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health) FX We thank the following for assistance in capturing and sampling bats during 2003-2005: S. Almon, T. Barnes, J. Benson, J. Boland, S. Cooper, T. Dawes, L. Ellison, D. Emptage, M. Hayes, B. Iannone, E. Kennedy, R. Kerscher, J. LaPlante, G. Nance, S. Neils, C. Newby, V. Price, C. Reynolds, L. Taraba, J. Tharp, and M. Vrabely. C. Andrews provided technical support in rabies-virus serology. P. Cryan and E. Valdez showed us productive capture sites in New Mexico and worked with us in the field. Financial support was provided via National Science Foundation EID grant 0094959 to Colorado State University, and by the US Geological Survey. R.A.B. and T.J.O. were supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security) and the Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health) during preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control; they do represent the views of the US Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.7589/2012-05-124 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900017 PM 23568912 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Meteyer, CU Blehert, DS Lorch, JM Reeder, DM Turner, GG Webb, J Behr, M Verant, M Russe, RE Castle, KT AF Cryan, Paul M. Meteyer, Carol Uphoff Blehert, David S. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Reeder, DeeAnn M. Turner, Gregory G. Webb, Julie Behr, Melissa Verant, Michelle Russe, Robin E. Castle, Kevin T. TI Electrolyte Depletion in White-nose Syndrome Bats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bats; dehydration; electrolytes; Geomyces destructans; white-nose syndrome ID DISEASE AB The emerging wildlife disease white-nose syndrome is causing widespread mortality in hibernating North American bats. White-nose syndrome occurs when the fungus Geomyces destructans infects the living skin of bats during hibernation, but links between infection and mortality are underexplored. We analyzed blood from hibernating bats and compared blood electrolyte levels to wing damage caused by the fungus. Sodium and chloride tended to decrease as wing damage increased in severity. Depletion of these electrolytes suggests that infected bats may become hypotonically dehydrated during winter. Although bats regularly arouse from hibernation to drink during winter, water available in hibernacula may not contain sufficient electrolytes to offset winter losses caused by disease. Damage to bat wings from G. destructans may cause life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Verant, Michelle; Russe, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reeder, DeeAnn M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Turner, Gregory G.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Webb, Julie] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Behr, Melissa] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Castle, Kevin T.] Natl Pk Serv, Wildlife Hlth Program, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Reeder, DeeAnn/0000-0001-8651-2012; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU US Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center; Woodtiger Foundation; US Fish & Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Butchkowski, L. Grieneisen, S. Brownlee, H. Fischer, C. Patterson, C. Hauser, D. Berndt, A. Pike, D. Redell, and L. Muller for help coordinating and carrying out sampling. Special thanks to C. K. R. Willis for many helpful discussions during this project. Support was provided to P.M.C. by the US Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center and to D.M.R. by the Woodtiger Foundation and the US Fish & Wildlife Service. Use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 12 U2 100 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.7589/2012-04-121 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900021 PM 23568916 ER PT J AU Wood, CL Lafferty, KD AF Wood, Chelsea L. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Biodiversity and disease: a synthesis of ecological perspectives on Lyme disease transmission SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DNA; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; RISK; EPIDEMIC; HABITAT AB Recent reviews have argued that disease control is among the ecosystem services yielded by biodiversity. Lyme disease (LD) is commonly cited as the best example of the 'diluting' effect of biodiversity on disease transmission, but many studies document the opposite relationship, showing that human ID risk can increase with forestation. Here, we unify these divergent perspectives and find strong evidence for a positive link between biodiversity and ID at broad spatial scales (urban to suburban to rural) and equivocal evidence for a negative link between biodiversity and LD at varying levels of biodiversity within forests. This finding suggests that, across zoonotic disease agents, the biodiversity-disease relationship is scale dependent and complex. C1 [Wood, Chelsea L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Wood, CL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM CLWood@stanford.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Science Foundation; Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX C.L.W. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and an Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship. Uriel Kitron, Dan Salkeld, Andrea Swei, and six anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 19 U2 213 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 128XL UT WOS:000317802900012 PM 23182683 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Reilly, PA Riskin, ML AF Barringer, Julia L. Szabo, Zoltan Reilly, Pamela A. Riskin, Melissa L. TI Variable Contributions of Mercury from Groundwater to a First-Order Urban Coastal Plain Stream in New Jersey, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Streamwater; Groundwater; Sediments; Soils; Coastal Plain ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER; TRANSPORT; METHYLMERCURY; EMISSIONS; RIVER; WISCONSIN; FIELD AB Filtered total mercury (FTHg) concentrations in a rapidly urbanizing area ranged from 50 to 250 ng/L in surface waters of the Squankum Branch, a tributary to a major river (Great Egg Harbor River (GEHR)) traversing both urban and forested/wetland areas in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. An unsewered residential area with Hg-contaminated well water (one of many in the region) is adjacent to the stream's left bank. Although the region's groundwater contains total Hg (THg) at background levels of <10 ng/L, water from about 700 domestic wells in urbanized areas completed in the acidic, quartzose unconfined aquifer typically at depths 20 to 30 m below land surface has been found to exceed 2,000 ng/L (the USEPA maximum contaminant level). Within urbanized areas, THg concentrations in shallow groundwater (<20 m below land surface at or near the water table) and the potential for Hg transport were not well known, representing a considerable knowledge gap. Sampling of streamwater in, and groundwater discharge to, the Squankum Branch watershed revealed that concentrations of THg generally were in the range of 1 to 10 ng/L, but narrow plumes ("plumelets") of shallow groundwater discharging to the stream from the opposing banks contained FTHg at a concentration>5,000 ng/L (left bank) and nearly 2,000 ng/L (right bank). The Hg content of bankside soils and sediments was high (up to 12 mg/kg) and mostly acid leachable where groundwater with high Hg concentrations discharged, indicating contributions of Hg by both runoff and shallow groundwater. Elevated concentrations of nutrients and chloride in some groundwater plumelets likely indicated inputs from septic-system effluent and (or) fertilizer applications. The Hg probably derives mainly from mercurial pesticide applications to the former agricultural land being urbanized. The study results show that soil disturbance and introduction of anthropogenic substances can mobilize Hg from soils to shallow groundwater and the Hg contamination travels in narrow plumelets to discharge points such as stream tributaries. In the entire GEHR watershed, THg concentrations in groundwater discharging to streams in urban areas tended to be higher than concentrations in water discharging to streams of forested areas, consistent with the results from this small watershed. Other areas with similar quartzose coastal aquifers, land-use history, and hydrogeology may be similarly vulnerable to Hg contamination of shallow groundwater and associated surface water. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Szabo, Zoltan; Reilly, Pamela A.; Riskin, Melissa L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov; jankowsk@usgs.gov FU NJDEP FX Funds for this study were provided by NJDEP. We gratefully acknowledge Barbara Hirst, Kimberly Cenno, Marzooq Alebus, Miroslawa Gorska, Anne Witt, Frank Lapinski, Robert Richards, and Gary Lipsius of NJDEP for help in planning the study and for supplying important information about Hg contamination in the study area. Thanks go to USGS colleagues Richard L. Walker and Robert Rosman for installing the piezometers, to Jennifer L. Bonin, Michael J. Deluca, Heather A. Heckathorn, and Daniel D. Skulski for help in sample collection, to Donald E. Rice for analysis of land use and construction of maps, and to Denis K. Sun for illustrations. We are grateful to USGS colleague Douglas A. Burns and to Aria Amirbahman (University of Maine) for their helpful reviews of drafts of this paper. (Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.) NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 2013 VL 224 IS 4 AR 1475 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1475-7 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 126MB UT WOS:000317619700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Green, CT Fogg, GE AF Zhang, Yong Green, Christopher T. Fogg, Graham E. TI The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Non-Fickian diffusion; Alluvial setting; Hydrofacies model; Monte Carlo simulation; Breakthrough curve ID HIGHLY HETEROGENEOUS FORMATIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL INVERSE FLOW; MARKOV-CHAIN MODEL; TIME RANDOM-WALK; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES AB The influence of heterogeneous architecture of alluvial aquifers on non-Fickian transport is explored using the Monte Carlo approach. More than two thousand high-resolution hydrofacies models representing seven groups of alluvial settings are built to test the effects of varying facies proportions, mean length and its anisotropy ratio, juxtapositional tendencies, and sub-facies heterogeneity. Results show that the volumetric fraction (P(Z)) of floodplain layers classified by their thicknesses Z controls the non-Fickian tailing of tracer transport at late times. A simple quantitative relationship S-BTC approximate to S-P(Z)/2 - 1 is built based on a multi-rate mass transfer analysis, where S-BTC is the slope of the power-law portion of tracer breakthrough curve, and S-P(Z) denotes the slope of the power-law portion of the distribution of P(Z) which can be measured, e.g., in core logs. At early times, the mean length of hydrofacies affects the non-Fickian tailing by controlling the channeling of flow in high-permeability non-floodplain materials and the sequestration in surrounding low-permeability floodplain layers. The competition between channeling and sequestration generates complex pre-asymptotic features, including sublinear growth of plume mean displacement, superlinear growth of plume variance, and skewed mass distribution. Those observations of the influence of medium heterogeneity on tracer transport at early and late times may lead to development of nonlocal transport models that can be parameterized using measurable aquifer characteristics. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yong] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fogg, Graham E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Yong.Zhang@dri.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1025417]; Desert Research Institute (DRI); US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES004699] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant DMS-1025417, the Desert Research Institute (DRI), the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program and the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations do not necessary reflect the view of the NSF or DRI. The project described was also partially supported by award P42ES004699 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. We thank Reed Maxwell, Erica Siirila, Daniel Feinstein, and four anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions that significantly improved the presentation of this work. NR 104 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 78 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 122UT UT WOS:000317344300007 ER PT J AU Matell, N Anderson, RS Overeem, I Wobus, C Urban, FE Clow, GD AF Matell, N. Anderson, R. S. Overeem, I. Wobus, C. Urban, F. E. Clow, G. D. TI Modeling the subsurface thermal impact of Arctic thaw lakes in a warming climate SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Thermal model; Thaw lakes; Permafrost; MATLAB; Numerical model ID NORTHERN ALASKA; COASTAL-PLAIN; ACTIVE LAYER; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; UNFROZEN WATER; RAPID DRAINAGE; ENERGY-BALANCE; CANADA; REGIME; EROSION AB Warming air temperatures in the Arctic are modifying the rates of thermokarst processes along Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain. The Arctic Coastal Plain is dominated by thaw lakes. These kilometer-scale lakes are the most visible surface features in the region, and they provide important habitats for migratory birds. The lakes are formed by thermokarst processes, and are therefore susceptible to change as warming continues. We present a 1D numerical model of permafrost and subsidence processes in order to investigate the subsurface thermal impact of thaw lakes of various depths, and to evaluate how this impact might change in a warming climate. Currently, most thaw lakes in the region are shallow (< similar to 2 m deep), freeze to their base each winter, and are not underlain by permanently unfrozen ground (taliks). Field observations indicate that these shallow lakes have not greatly altered the thermal structure of the subsurface. Our model suggests that under a warming scenario, the number of lakes that do not freeze to their base during the winter, and are therefore underlain by taliks, will increase. Such changes could substantially alter the hydrology of the Arctic Coastal Plain. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Matell, N.; Anderson, R. S.; Overeem, I.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Matell, N.; Anderson, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wobus, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wobus, C.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Urban, F. E.; Clow, G. D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Overeem, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM irina.overeem@colorado.edu FU ONR; NOPP [N00014-07-1-1017]; NSF's Office of Polar Programs FX Funding for this work was provided by ONR and NOPP (Award no. N00014-07-1-1017) to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Additional funding for field support was provided by NSF's Office of Polar Programs. Field support was provided by Mann Kuizenga, Naomi Whitty, and Matt Irinaga at CH2M HILL Polar Services and by the Barrow Arctic Sciences Consortium. We thank Robert Brower for his role as a bear guard and observer. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.08.028 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 120IM UT WOS:000317164000009 ER PT J AU Sharp, JL Sojda, RS Greenwood, M Rosenberry, DO Warren, JM AF Sharp, Julia L. Sojda, Richard S. Greenwood, Mark Rosenberry, Donald O. Warren, Jeffrey M. TI Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE submergent plant; water depth; montane wetlands; Stuckenia pectinata; Myriophyllum sibiricum; cluster analysis; regression trees ID SAGO PONDWEED; STUCKENIA-PECTINATA; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; PLANT DIVERSITY; HERON LAKE; INDICATORS; PEATLAND; BIOMASS; GROWTH; MARSH AB Relationships between water depths and density of submergent vegetation were studied in montane wetlands using statistical techniques based on clustering and an extension of regression trees. Sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) was associated with lower average water depths than water milfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). We detected a nonlinear relationship when average water depths were used to predict percent cover in S. pectinata, with depths of 3040cm, producing the highest predicted average percent cover of S. pectinata; higher and lower depths resulted in lower percent cover predictions. For M. sibiricum, higher water depths were monotonically associated with higher average percent cover. To foster more S. pectinata and less M. sibiricum, managers might employ water control structures to reduce water depths below 1m, using both temporary drawdowns and average depths of 3040cm. Other species responded less markedly to water depth variation. Should decreased water depths become more common, these results suggest an increase in S. pectinata and a decrease in M. sibiricum. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sharp, Julia L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sojda, Richard S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Greenwood, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. RP Sharp, JL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jsharp@clemson.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors are grateful for the technical and logistical expertise of several individuals. R. H. Buxton was instrumental in the hard work of installing stilling wells and piezometers, as well as downloading and processing data. Without him, this project could not have happened in harsh, wilderness conditions. His technical expertise and safety record are second to none. Our discussions with K. Pierce and S. Custer were integral in gaining an understanding of the geohydrology of the Centennial Valley. The encouragement of L. Fredrickson to study the role of groundwater in this wetland complex was most welcome. Staff at Red Rock Lakes NWR are recognized for their logistic support and technical help, especially M. Parker., T. Preston and R. Peck who assisted with data organization. D. Paullin's original random sampling scheme in Lower Red Rock Lake is also recognized. We would like to thank J. Weeding, P. Cross, and an anonymous reviewer for their careful review of the manuscript. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1002/eco.1252 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 127DR UT WOS:000317676600002 ER PT J AU Liu, ZW Brandt, LA Ogurcak, DE Mazzotti, FJ AF Liu, Zhongwei Brandt, Laura A. Ogurcak, Danielle E. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Morphometric and hydrologic characteristics of alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida from 1994 to 2007 SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic refugia; basin depth; EDEN; hydroperiod; wetland hydrology ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISHES; VEGETATION; WETLAND; NESTS; MODEL AB Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) holes are a key feature in the Everglades landscape providing aquatic refuge for alligators and other aquatic organisms. The morphology of the hole as well as its location in the landscape may influence its function as an aquatic refugium. Morphologic and hydrologic characteristics and dynamics of 50 alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida were examined based on 1-m resolution digital images and field measurements from 1994 to 2007. Major morphometric parameters of alligator holes calculated for the study area included surface area, diameter, major axis orientation, basin depth, and circularity index. We used basin depth along with surface water modelling from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network to describe alligator hole hydroperiod and examine relationships among morphologic features, habitat, and hydrology. Alligator holes in this study were similar morphologically (pond surface area, basin depth, and sediment depth) among locations and habitats, and for the most part over time with the exception of holes in the Rocky glades. Alligator holes with greater surface area were not necessarily deeper holes. Hole hydroperiod was not correlated with surface area, and larger holes did not dry out less frequently than smaller holes. Although marsh hydroperiods varied by location and habitat, alligator hole hydroperiod did not, illustrating that across the landscape alligator holes provide aquatic refugia under a range of hydrologic conditions. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Liu, Zhongwei; Ogurcak, Danielle E.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ FloridaFort Lauderdale Educ & Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Liu, Zhongwei] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Ogurcak, Danielle E.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Liu, ZW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM zhongwei.liu@unlv.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers; University of Florida; US Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; NSF EPSCoR [EPS0814372] FX We thank Aaron Higer for his interest, enthusiasm, and help initiating this study. This research was funded by US Army Corps of Engineers, University of Florida, and US Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. Everglades National Park and South Florida Water Management District provided logistical support including airboats, helicopters, and vehicles. We thank other members of the field-data collection team at University of Florida: Ryan Lynch, Jemeema Carrigan, Debbie Kramp, Mike Rochford, Wellington Guzman, Joy Vinci, Mark Peyton, Brian Bahder, Clayton McKee, Matt Brian, Chris Bugbee, and Michelle Casler. Some revision efforts of Z. Liu were partially supported by NSF EPSCoR Grant # EPS0814372. We also thank Stephanie Romanach from US Geological Survey for her comments on the manuscript. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), nor the US Department of the Interior. We greatly appreciate the constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1002/eco.1266 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 127DR UT WOS:000317676600011 ER PT J AU Brennan, A Cross, PC Higgs, M Beckmann, JP Klaver, RW Scurlock, BM Creel, S AF Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Higgs, Megan Beckmann, Jon P. Klaver, Robert W. Scurlock, Brandon M. Creel, Scott TI Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cervus canadensis; climate variables; elk; prediction uncertainty; SNODAS; snow shadow; snowpack model; winter range ID PREDATION RISK; CLIMATE PROJECTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; WOLF PREDATION; ELK; WINTER; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; SELECTION; ACCURACY AB It is increasingly common for studies of animal ecology to use model-based predictions of environmental variables as explanatory or predictor variables, even though model prediction uncertainty is typically unknown. To demonstrate the potential for misleading inferences when model predictions with error are used in place of direct measurements, we compared snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth as predicted by the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) to field measurements of SWE and snow depth. We examined locations on elk (Cervus canadensis) winter ranges in western Wyoming, because modeled data such as SNODAS output are often used for inferences on elk ecology. Overall, SNODAS predictions tended to overestimate field measurements, prediction uncertainty was high, and the difference between SNODAS predictions and field measurements was greater in snow shadows for both snow variables compared to non-snow shadow areas. We used a simple simulation of snow effects on the probability of an elk being killed by a predator to show that, if SNODAS prediction uncertainty was ignored, we might have mistakenly concluded that SWE was not an important factor in where elk were killed in predatory attacks during the winter. In this simulation, we were interested in the effects of snow at finer scales (<1 km(2)) than the resolution of SNODAS. If bias were to decrease when SNODAS predictions are averaged over coarser scales, SNODAS would be applicable to population-level ecology studies. In our study, however, averaging predictions over moderate to broad spatial scales (9-2200 km(2)) did not reduce the differences between SNODAS predictions and field measurements. This study highlights the need to carefully evaluate two issues when using model output as an explanatory variable in subsequent analysis: (1) the model's resolution relative to the scale of the ecological question of interest and (2) the implications of prediction uncertainty on inferences when using model predictions as explanatory or predictor variables. C1 [Brennan, Angela; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Higgs, Megan] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beckmann, Jon P.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, North Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Brennan, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM angie_brennan@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; United States Geological Survey FX We thank J. Rogerson, J. Henningsen, E. Maichak, and A. Williams at the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their assistance accessing study sites and sampling snow on elk winter range. We also thank A. Barbknecht for her hard work in collecting snow data. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129) and the United States Geological Survey. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 643 EP 653 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124TB UT WOS:000317488400010 PM 23734491 ER PT J AU Tracey, JA Zhu, J Boydston, E Lyren, L Fisher, RN Crooks, KR AF Tracey, Jeff A. Zhu, Jun Boydston, Erin Lyren, Lisa Fisher, Robert N. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Mapping behavioral landscapes for animal movement: a finite mixture modeling approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE circular data; conservation biology; hierarchical mixture of experts; landscape connectivity; landscape ecology; Lynx rufus; particle swarm optimization ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESOURCE SELECTION; BOBCATS; URBANIZATION; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ORIENTATION AB Because of its role in many ecological processes, movement of animals in response to landscape features is an important subject in ecology and conservation biology. In this paper, we develop models of animal movement in relation to objects or fields in a landscape. We took a finite mixture modeling approach in which the component densities are conceptually related to different choices for movement in response to a landscape feature, and the mixing proportions are related to the probability of selecting each response as a function of one or more covariates. We combined particle swarm optimization and an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of the model parameters. We used this approach to analyze data for movement of three bobcats in relation to urban areas in southern California, USA. A behavioral interpretation of the models revealed similarities and differences in bobcat movement response to urbanization. All three bobcats avoided urbanization by moving either parallel to urban boundaries or toward less urban areas as the proportion of urban land cover in the surrounding area increased. However, one bobcat, a male with a dispersal-like large-scale movement pattern, avoided urbanization at lower densities and responded strictly by moving parallel to the urban edge. The other two bobcats, which were both residents and occupied similar geographic areas, avoided urban areas using a combination of movements parallel to the urban edge and movement toward areas of less urbanization. However, the resident female appeared to exhibit greater repulsion at lower levels of urbanization than the resident male, consistent with empirical observations of bobcats in southern California. Using the parameterized finite mixture models, we mapped behavioral states to geographic space, creating a representation of a behavioral landscape. This approach can provide guidance for conservation planning based on analysis of animal movement data using statistical models, thereby linking connectivity evaluations to empirical data. C1 [Tracey, Jeff A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boydston, Erin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Lyren, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tracey, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jatracey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Game; Nature Conservancy; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF-EF-0723676] FX We thank Cheryl Brehme, Julie Yee, and James Hines (USGS) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank Carlton Rochester (USGS) for helpful suggestions regarding the conservation applications of the behavioral landscape maps. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose recommendations substantially improved the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the California Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF-EF-0723676). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 654 EP 669 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124TB UT WOS:000317488400011 PM 23734492 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Coleman, T Neiman, PJ Zamora, RJ Dettinger, MD AF Ralph, F. M. Coleman, T. Neiman, P. J. Zamora, R. J. Dettinger, M. D. TI Observed Impacts of Duration and Seasonality of Atmospheric-River Landfalls on Soil Moisture and Runoff in Coastal Northern California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTER STORM; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION; CALJET; SATELLITE; WATER; CONNECTION; MOUNTAINS; RAINFALL AB This study is motivated by diverse needs for better forecasts of extreme precipitation and floods. It is enabled by unique hourly observations collected over six years near California's Russian River and by recent advances in the science of atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study fills key gaps limiting the prediction of ARs and, especially, their impacts by quantifying the duration of AR conditions and the role of duration in modulating hydrometeorological impacts. Precursor soil moisture conditions and their relationship to streamflow are also shown. On the basis of 91 well-observed events during 2004-10, the study shows that the passage of ARs over a coastal site lasted 20 h on average and that 12% of the AR events exceeded 30 h. Differences in storm-total water vapor transport directed up the mountain slope contribute 74% of the variance in storm-total rainfall across the events and 61% of the variance in storm-total runoff volume. ARs with double the composite mean duration produced nearly 6 times greater peak streamflow and more than 7 times the storm-total runoff volume. When precursor soil moisture was less than 20%, even heavy rainfall did not lead to significant streamflow. Predicting which AR events are likely to produce extreme impacts on precipitation and runoff requires accurate prediction of AR duration at landfall and observations of precursor soil moisture conditions. C1 [Ralph, F. M.; Coleman, T.; Neiman, P. J.; Zamora, R. J.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, T.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200004 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Moore, BJ Hughes, M Mahoney, KM Cordeira, JM Dettinger, MD AF Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Moore, Benjamin J. Hughes, Mimi Mahoney, Kelly M. Cordeira, Jason M. Dettinger, Michael D. TI The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part I: Observed Synoptic-Scale, Orographic, and Hydrometeorological Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COLD-FRONT; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE; FREQUENCY; MOISTURE AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a dominant mechanism for generating intense wintertime precipitation along the U. S. West Coast. While studies over the past 10 years have explored the impact of ARs in, and west of, California's Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Northwest's Cascade Mountains, their influence on the weather across the intermountain west remains an open question. This study utilizes gridded atmospheric datasets, satellite imagery, rawinsonde soundings, a 449-MHz wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and operational hydrometeorological observing networks to explore the dynamics and inland impacts of a landfalling, flood-producing AR across Arizona in January 2010. Plan-view, cross-section, and back-trajectory analyses quantify the synoptic and mesoscale forcing that led to widespread precipitation across the state. The analyses show that a strong AR formed in the lower midlatitudes over the northeastern Pacific Ocean via frontogenetic processes and sea surface latent-heat fluxes but without tapping into the adjacent tropical water vapor reservoir to the south. The wind profiler, GPS, and rawinsonde observations document strong orographic forcing in a moist neutral environment within the AR that led to extreme, orographically enhanced precipitation. The AR was oriented nearly orthogonal to the Mogollon Rim, a major escarpment crossing much of central Arizona, and was positioned between the high mountain ranges of northern Mexico. High melting levels during the heaviest precipitation contributed to region-wide flooding, while the high-altitude snowpack increased substantially. The characteristics of the AR that impacted Arizona in January 2010, and the resulting heavy orographic precipitation, are comparable to those of landfalling ARs and their impacts along the west coasts of midlatitude continents. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.; Hughes, Mimi; Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cordeira, Jason M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Bureau of Reclamation [R11AC81334]; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado [R11AC81334] FX This project was funded in part by Cooperative Agreement R11AC81334 between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado. Jim Adams assisted in the electronic drafting of figures. Allen White generated the terrain base maps. Darren Jackson provided customized satellite imagery. Chengmin Hsu of NOAA-CIRES created the graphics showing the cumulative fraction of basin area for Arizona's Salt River. We appreciate the comments and suggestions by Michael Alexander and Kevin Werner of NOAA and from three anonymous reviewers. Their efforts improved the scope and quality of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 460 EP 484 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200005 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Bowker, JD Bowman, MP Carty, DG Mitchell, AJ Farmer, BD Ledbetter, CK AF Straus, David L. Bowker, James D. Bowman, Molly P. Carty, Daniel G. Mitchell, Andrew J. Farmer, Bradley D. Ledbetter, Cynthia K. TI Safety of Feed Treated with 17 alpha-Methyltestosterone (17MT) to Larval Nile Tilapia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SEX CONTROL; FISH; TOXICITY; AMMONIA AB As a synthetic androgen, 17-methyltestosterone (17MT) is frequently used to redirect the course of sex differentiation by exposing the undifferentiated gonad to a sufficient dosage. This hormone has been widely accepted as a safe and effective treatment for sex reversal in many fish species, and it is administered to larval tilapia (312 d old) for approximate to 28 consecutive days to produce populations of >90% males. This study assessed the safety of 17MT-treated feed when administered to larval Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at one, three, and five times (i.e., 1x, 3x, and 5x) the proposed dosage of 9mg 17MT/kg fish daily for 28 consecutive days. Despite elevated total ammonia nitrogen levels measured during the last 5 d of the study, environmental conditions were acceptable for rearing tilapia. Fish fed aggressively regardless of the concentration of 17MT in the feed, behavior was considered normal with no dose-related differences detected, and no mortality was observed in the 3x treatment group. Fish that were treated with five times the proposed therapeutic dosage had significant pathological changes. Based on the results of this study, the 17MT margin of safety extends to at least 3x (27mg 17MT/kg fish daily) the proposed dosage of 9mg 17MT/kg fish daily when administered in feed for 28 d to Nile Tilapia. Received October 8, 2012; accepted December 7, 2012 C1 [Straus, David L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Farmer, Bradley D.; Ledbetter, Cynthia K.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bowker, James D.; Bowman, Molly P.; Carty, Daniel G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.758211 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 122BO UT WOS:000317290200009 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Maurice, S Lasue, J Forni, O Anderson, RB Clegg, S Bender, S Blaney, D Barraclough, BL Cousin, A Deflores, L Delapp, D Dyar, MD Fabre, C Gasnault, O Lanza, N Mazoyer, J Melikechi, N Meslin, PY Newsom, H Ollila, A Perez, R Tokar, RL Vaniman, D AF Wiens, R. C. Maurice, S. Lasue, J. Forni, O. Anderson, R. B. Clegg, S. Bender, S. Blaney, D. Barraclough, B. L. Cousin, A. Deflores, L. Delapp, D. Dyar, M. D. Fabre, C. Gasnault, O. Lanza, N. Mazoyer, J. Melikechi, N. Meslin, P. -Y. Newsom, H. Ollila, A. Perez, R. Tokar, R. L. Vaniman, D. TI Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the Chem Cam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; Mars; Curiosity rover; ChemCam ID PLIOCENE MACUSANI VOLCANICS; SE PERU; PLASMA; SULFUR; EXPLORATION; ATMOSPHERE; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; OUTCROPS AB The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is the first planetary science instrument to employ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the compositions of geological samples on another planet. Pre-processing of the spectra involves subtracting the ambient light background, removing noise, removing the electron continuum, calibrating for the wavelength, correcting for the variable distance to the target, and applying a wavelength-dependent correction for the instrument response. Further processing of the data uses multivariate and univariate comparisons with a LIBS spectral library developed prior to launch as well as comparisons with several on-board standards post-landing. The level-2 data products include semi-quantitative abundances derived from partial least squares regression. A LIBS spectral library was developed using 69 rock standards in the form of pressed powder disks, glasses, and ceramics to minimize heterogeneity on the scale of the observation (350-550 mu m dia.). The standards covered typical compositional ranges of igneous materials and also included sulfates, carbonates, and phyllosilicates. The provenance and elemental and mineralogical compositions of these standards are described. Spectral characteristics of this data set are presented, including the size distribution and integrated irradiances of the plasmas, and a proxy for plasma temperature as a function of distance from the instrument. Two laboratory-based clones of ChemCam reside in Los Alamos and Toulouse for the purpose of adding new spectra to the database as the need arises. Sensitivity to differences in wavelength correlation to spectral channels and spectral resolution has been investigated, indicating that spectral registration needs to be within half a pixel and resolution needs to match within 1.5 to 2.6 pixels. Absolute errors are tabulated for derived compositions of each major element in each standard using PLS regression. Sources of errors are investigated and discussed, and methods for improving the analytical accuracy of compositions derived from ChemCam spectra are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S.; Cousin, A.; Delapp, D.; Lanza, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Maurice, S.; Lasue, J.; Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Gasnault, O.; Meslin, P. -Y.] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Anderson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bender, S.; Barraclough, B. L.; Tokar, R. L.; Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Blaney, D.; Deflores, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Fabre, C.] Georessources, Nancy, France. [Mazoyer, J.] Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. [Melikechi, N.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE USA. [Newsom, H.; Ollila, A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Perez, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, Toulouse, France. RP Wiens, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA Mars Program Office for ChemCam; CNES FX The ChemCam team is grateful for support from the NASA Mars Program Office for ChemCam, and from CNES. We also gratefully acknowledge the Los Alamos National Laboratory's laboratory-directed research and development exploratory research (LDRD-ER) program for supporting early MVA studies. Many people supported the ChemCam instrument that was used to carry out these studies, and we are particularly grateful to other ChemCam team members who supported this work B. Banisadr is thanked for his contributions to the total emission studies. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 82 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003 PG 27 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 124DG UT WOS:000317443400001 ER PT J AU Stanish, LF O'Neill, SP Gonzalez, A Legg, TM Knelman, J McKnight, DM Spaulding, S Nemergut, DR AF Stanish, Lee F. O'Neill, Sean P. Gonzalez, Antonio Legg, Teresa M. Knelman, Joseph McKnight, Diane M. Spaulding, Sarah Nemergut, Diana R. TI Bacteria and diatom co-occurrence patterns in microbial mats from polar desert streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; JAMES-ROSS-ISLAND; GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAMS; ALGAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TAYLOR VALLEY; ICE SHELF; ANTARCTIC CYANOBACTERIA; IONIZING-RADIATION; NORTHERN PART AB The ephemeral stream habitats of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica support desiccation and freeze-tolerant microbial mats that are hot spots of primary productivity in an otherwise inhospitable environment. The ecological processes that structure bacterial communities in this harsh environment are not known; however, insights from diatom community ecology may prove to be informative. We examined the relationships between diatoms and bacteria at the community and taxon levels. The diversity and community structure of stream microbial mats were characterized using high-throughput pyrosequencing for bacteria and morphological identification for diatoms. We found significant relationships between diatom communities and the communities of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and co-occurrence analysis identified numerous correlations between the relative abundances of individual diatom and bacterial taxa, which may result from species interactions. Additionally, the strength of correlations between heterotrophic bacteria and diatoms varied along a hydrologic gradient, indicating that flow regime may influence the overall community structure. Phylogenetic consistency in the co-occurrence patterns suggests that the associations are ecologically relevant. Despite these community- and taxon-level relationships, diatom and bacterial alpha diversity were inversely correlated, which may highlight a fundamental difference between the processes that influence bacterial and diatom community assembly in these streams. Our results therefore demonstrate that the relationships between diatoms and bacteria are complex and may result from species interactions as well as niche-specific processes. C1 [O'Neill, Sean P.; Legg, Teresa M.; Knelman, Joseph] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Neill, Sean P.; Legg, Teresa M.; Knelman, Joseph] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gonzalez, Antonio] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah] Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stanish, LF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St,Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lee.stanish@colorado.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU MCMLTER [OPP-0096250]; National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program [0839020] FX Thanks to Kathy Welch and the staff at Crary Laboratory for water quality analyses. Raytheon Polar Services Company and PHI Helicopters provided essential logistic and transportation support during the field campaign. Funding was generously provided by the MCMLTER (OPP-0096250) and National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program Award #0839020. Many thanks to David Vuono for critical comments. NR 104 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1131 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02872.x PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122AM UT WOS:000317287200011 PM 22998505 ER PT J AU Arriero, E Majewska, A Martin, TE AF Arriero, Elena Majewska, Ania Martin, Thomas E. TI Ontogeny of constitutive immunity: maternal vs. endogenous influences SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; development; ecological immunology; maternal effects; natural antibodies ID LIFE-HISTORY; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; TREE SWALLOWS; TRADE-OFFS; EGG SIZE; ANTIBODIES; INNATE AB Variation in ontogeny and strength of immune defence mechanisms can be integrally related to variation in life-history strategies and determined by trade-offs during development. However, little is known about the ontogeny of immune function in wild birds, especially in altricial birds and in a comparative context across altricial species with diverse life-history strategies. In this study, we examined the ontogeny of constitutive immunity in a group of 22 passerine species sampled in tropical Venezuela and north temperate Arizona. Our results show activity of constitutive components of the immune defence at 13days posthatching and an increase in immune activity with age. Interspecific variation in immune activity at hatching was mainly explained by extrinsic factors mediated by the mother (egg size and egg temperature), suggesting an important role of maternal effects on offspring immunity at hatching. In contrast, the increase in agglutination activity with age suggests that immune function in older nestlings reflects intrinsic development. The increase in immune activity was greater in species that hatched with lower initial levels, and was somewhat negatively related to growth rate across species. Our results suggest slower intrinsic development of immune function may be compensated by larger maternal contributions. Slower intrinsic development of immune function, in turn, may reflect a trade-off with faster somatic growth. Our study highlights the importance of both maternal (extrinsic) and endogenous (intrinsic) contributions to variation in immune function across altricial species that may reflect an important axis of developmental strategies. C1 [Arriero, Elena; Majewska, Ania] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Arriero, E (reprint author), Univ Complutense, Sch Biol Sci, Dept Zool & Phys Anthropol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM elena.arriero@bio.ucm.es RI Evolution and Conservation Biology, UCM Group /K-9382-2014; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Arriero, Elena/J-8224-2016 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Arriero, Elena/0000-0003-4230-6537 FU National Science Foundation; United States Geological Survey Global Climate Research Program for Arizona; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education FX This work would not have been possible without the help of numerous field assistants who searched for nests and helped collecting the data reported here, in particular L. Biancucci, R. Ton, A. Cox and W. Goulding. We thank Prof. C. Bosque, INPARQUES and the Yacambu National Park staff for support with field logistics in Venezuela, and the Coconino National Forest staff in Arizona. We are grateful to Douglas Emlen and Creagh Breuner from the University of Montana for logistical support during laboratory analyses. We thank M. G. Palacios for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants for work in Venezuela and Arizona, and the United States Geological Survey Global Climate Research Program for Arizona. EA was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. The work adhered to recommended practices for the use of wild birds in research and was carried out under permission from University of Montana's Animal Care committee (059-10TMMCWRU), US Fish and Wildlife Service (MB791101-1) and Venezuelan authorities (FONACIT: DM/0000237; INPARQUES: INP-005-2004; and Ministerio del Ambiente 01-03-03-1147). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12057 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122GJ UT WOS:000317306000019 ER PT J AU Haynes, MA Fang, ZD Waller, DM AF Haynes, Michelle A. Fang, Zhendong Waller, Donald M. TI Grazing impacts on the diversity and composition of alpine rangelands in Northwest Yunnan SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine rangelands; biodiversity conservationgrazing; Southwest China ID SOUTHWEST CHINA; PLANT DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; AREAS; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS AB The eastern Himalayan region of Southwest China represents the worlds most biodiverse temperate region as well as a cultural hotspot undergoing rapid cultural and ecological change. This area represents the center of origin for many plant groups including horticulturally valuable species of Pedicularis, Rhododendron and Primula. Alpine meadows here also provide summer pastures for Tibetan yak herders and the source for important medicinal plants. Stocking levels for livestock here have quadrupled over the last five decades and shrubs are encroaching into many historical rangelands. Yak herders voice concerns over both shrub encroachment and shrinking grasslands. In this study, we sought to determine: (i) Are alpine rangelands in Deqin County overgrazed and degraded? (ii) What are the local impacts of grazing on plant diversity and community composition? And (iii) which environmental variables covary with these differences in species composition across the grazing gradient? To examine the ecological impacts of grazing in Deqin County, northwest Yunnan and assess its long-term sustainability, we used county records to determine historical population and livestock numbers, confirmed the results of interviews by Haynes (2011) and surveyed plant species richness and cover along a grazing gradient extending away from herder huts. Along these transects, we sampled 1m(2) quadrats at 5 m intervals, noting species present and percent cover for vascular plants, grasses, sedges, rushes, moss, lichen, exposed rock, bare ground and feces. We also measured the average and maximum plant height within each quadrat. We then computed species richness for each of the 38 transects, calculating alpha and beta diversities. We used one-way ANOVAs to compare mean species richness values and average and maximum plant height across grazing intensities. To chart changes in composition along the 100m gradient, we also plotted the percent cover of graminoid, forb, shrub and bare ground versus distance from the hut. We applied NMS ordination to relate community patterns to environmental variables and grazing intensity using distances to determine species groupings. Livestock impacts are clearly evident with proportions of grass and bare ground decreasing, shrubs increasing and forbs maintaining even cover with increasing distance from the huts. In comparison with earlier surveys of sites farther from huts, we found reduced plant cover and diversity. Plant species richness almost doubles with increasing distance from herder huts from 9.9 to 19.3 species per 1 m(2) quadrat. An ordination of species and environmental variables demonstrates that grazing strongly affects plant community com position across these plots with strong impacts on palatable plants. If herd sizes remain large and suitable areas for grazing continue to decline, the cumulative impacts of grazing appear likely to degrade the rich diversity of the region and reduce rangeland quality, threatening its ability to sustain current grazing levels. C1 [Haynes, Michelle A.; Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haynes, Michelle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Fang, Zhendong] Shangri La Alpine Bot Garden, Xianggelila Cty, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Haynes, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, 698 Conservat Way, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM michelleahaynes@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation, entitled IGERT: Training Program on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Southwest China at the University of Wisconsin-Madison [DGE-0549369] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DGE-0549369) entitled IGERT: Training Program on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Southwest China at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank graduate students at Kunming Institute of Botany and staff at the Shangri-la Alpine Botanic Garden for assistance during vegetation sampling trips. We also thank Ruth Sherman and Renee Mullen for sharing their data from Sherman et al. 2007, 2008. Recommendations from two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 81 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL JI J. Plant Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1093/jpe/rts021 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117OY UT WOS:000316964200002 ER PT J AU Meador, MR AF Meador, Michael R. TI Nutrient Enrichment and Fish Nutrient Tolerance: Assessing Biologically Relevant Nutrient Criteria SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; fish; rivers/streams; environmental indicators; environmental regulations; urban areas ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; VALUES; WATER AB Relationships between nutrient concentrations and fish nutrient tolerance were assessed relative to established nutrient criteria. Fish community, nitrate plus nitrite (nitrate), and total phosphorus (TP) data were collected during summer low-flow periods in 2003 and 2004 at stream sites along a nutrient-enrichment gradient in an agricultural basin in Indiana and Ohio and an urban basin in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. Tolerance indicator values for nitrate and TP were assigned for each species and averaged separately for fish communities at each site (TIVo). Models were used to predict fish species expected to occur at a site under minimally disturbed conditions and average tolerance indicator values were determined for nitrate and TP separately for expected communities (TIVe). In both areas, tolerance scores (TIVo/TIVe) for nitrate increased significantly with increased nitrate concentrations whereas no significant relationships were detected between TP tolerance scores and TP concentrations. A 0% increase in the tolerance score (TIVo/TIVe=1) for nitrate corresponded to a nitrate concentration of 0.19mg/l (compared with a USEPA summer nitrate criterion of 0.17mg/l) in the urban area and 0.31mg/l (compared with a USEPA summer nitrate criterion of 0.86mg/l) in the agricultural area. Fish nutrient tolerance values offer the ability to evaluate nutrient enrichment based on a quantitative approach that can provide insights into biologically relevant nutrient criteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1111/jawr.12015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700001 ER PT J AU Poppenga, SK Gesch, DB Worstell, BB AF Poppenga, Sandra K. Gesch, Dean B. Worstell, Bruce B. TI Hydrography Change Detection: The Usefulness of Surface Channels Derived From LiDAR DEMs for Updating Mapped Hydrography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE LiDAR DEMs; LiDAR surface channels; National Hydrography Dataset; hydrography change detection; surface water; hydrography; remote sensing; geospatial analysis ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; DRAINAGE; NETWORKS; FLOW; EXTRACTION; ACCURACY; DATASET; AREAS AB The 1:24,000-scale high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped hydrography flow lines require regular updating because land surface conditions that affect surface channel drainage change over time. Historically, NHD flow lines were created by digitizing surface water information from aerial photography and paper maps. Using these same methods to update nationwide NHD flow lines is costly and inefficient; furthermore, these methods result in hydrography that lacks the horizontal and vertical accuracy needed for fully integrated datasets useful for mapping and scientific investigations. Effective methods for improving mapped hydrography employ change detection analysis of surface channels derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) and NHD flow lines. In this article, we describe the usefulness of surface channels derived from LiDAR DEMs for hydrography change detection to derive spatially accurate and time-relevant mapped hydrography. The methods employ analyses of horizontal and vertical differences between LiDAR-derived surface channels and NHD flow lines to define candidate locations of hydrography change. These methods alleviate the need to analyze and update the nationwide NHD for time relevant hydrography, and provide an avenue for updating the dataset where change has occurred. C1 [Poppenga, Sandra K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gesch, Dean B.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Worstell, Bruce B.] USGS EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Poppenga, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spoppenga@usgs.gov OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933; Poppenga, Sandra/0000-0002-2846-6836 NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1111/jawr.12027 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700009 ER PT J AU Podolak, CJP AF Podolak, Charles J. P. TI Predicting the Planform Configuration of the Braided Toklat River, Alaska, With a Suite of Rule-Based Models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; erosion; fluvial processes; geomorphology; braided river; prediction; avulsion; remote sensing ID CHANNEL MIGRATION; AVULSION; CANADA; FLOW; BEND AB An ensemble of rule-based models was constructed to assess possible future braided river planform configurations for the Toklat River in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This approach combined an analysis of large-scale influences on stability with several reduced-complexity models to produce the predictions at a practical level for managers concerned about the persistence of bank erosion while acknowledging the great uncertainty in any landscape prediction. First, a model of confluence angles reproduced observed angles of a major confluence, but showed limited susceptibility to a major rearrangement of the channel planform downstream. Second, a probabilistic map of channel locations was created with a two-parameter channel avulsion model. The predicted channel belt location was concentrated in the same area as the current channel belt. Finally, a suite of valley-scale channel and braid plain characteristics were extracted from a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived surface. The characteristics demonstrated large-scale stabilizing topographic influences on channel planform. The combination of independent analyses increased confidence in the conclusion that the Toklat River braided planform is a dynamically stable system due to large and persistent valley-scale influences, and that a range of avulsive perturbations are likely to result in a relatively unchanged planform configuration in the short term. C1 [Podolak, Charles J. P.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Podolak, CJP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM charles.podolak@duke.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX Nat Wilson, Rob Burrows, Nadine Reitman, Ross Downer, and Andrea Vinyard assisted with the fieldwork. Mark Carr and Shad O'Neel helped with the preparation of the field equipment. Guy Adema and Denny Capps provided guidance and NPS logistical assistance. This manuscript greatly benefited from input by Janet Curran, and reviews by David Gaeuman and two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, with the latter contributing Category I Federal Lands Highway Program funds. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 390 EP 401 DI 10.1111/jawr.12029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700010 ER PT J AU Waite, IR AF Waite, Ian R. TI Development and Application of an Agricultural Intensity Index to Invertebrate and Algal Metrics from Streams at Two Scales SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural intensity index; macroinvertebrate and algal indicators; national and regional scales; riparian assessment ID NUTRIENT CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; WADEABLE STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; RIVERS; USA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; EUTROPHICATION AB Research was conducted at 28-30 sites within eight study areas across the United States along a gradient of nutrient enrichment/agricultural land use between 2003 and 2007. Objectives were to test the application of an agricultural intensity index (AG-Index) and compare among various invertebrate and algal metrics to determine indicators of nutrient enrichment nationally and within three regions. The agricultural index was based on total nitrogen and phosphorus input to the watershed, percent watershed agriculture, and percent riparian agriculture. Among data sources, agriculture within riparian zone showed significant differences among values generated from remote sensing or from higher resolution orthophotography; median values dropped significantly when estimated by orthophotography. Percent agriculture in the watershed consistently had lower correlations to invertebrate and algal metrics than the developed AG-Index across all regions. Percent agriculture showed fewer pairwise comparisons that were significant than the same comparisons using the AG-Index. Highest correlations to the AG-Index regionally were 0.75 for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness (EPTR) and 0.70 for algae Observed/Expected (O/E), nationally the highest was 0.43 for EPTR vs. total nitrogen and 0.62 for algae O/E vs. AG-Index. Results suggest that analysis of metrics at national scale can often detect large differences in disturbance, but more detail and specificity is obtained by analyzing data at regional scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This study was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. I thank each of the many biologists and hydrologists with the NAWQA program who collected the data used in this report and who provided insights to the particularities of the data. I thank Ron Zelt and James Falcone (USGS) for their help in developing the National Agricultural Intensity Index, and Dr. Yangdong Pan and Chris Parker (Portland State University) for advice on R programming and statistics. Finally, I thank one USGS reviewer and one outside reviewer for their review of the manuscript prior to submission to the journal and the two journal reviewers for their help in making this a better manuscript. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 431 EP 448 DI 10.1111/jawr.12032 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700013 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Selnick, DL AF Sanford, Ward E. Selnick, David L. TI ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES USING A REGRESSION WITH CLIMATE AND LAND-COVER DATA (vol 49, pg 217, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Sanford, Ward E.; Selnick, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1111/jawr.12049 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700017 ER PT J AU Amundsen, PA Lafferty, KD Knudsen, R Primicerio, R Kristoffersen, R Klemetsen, A Kuris, AM AF Amundsen, Per-Arne Lafferty, Kevin D. Knudsen, Rune Primicerio, Raul Kristoffersen, Roar Klemetsen, Anders Kuris, Armand M. TI New parasites and predators follow the introduction of two fish species to a subarctic lake: implications for food-web structure and functioning SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Non-native species; Pelagic community; Species additions; Topology; Trophic interactions ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L; NETWORK STRUCTURE; NORTHERN NORWAY; CHARR; EXTINCTION; COMMUNITY; ZOOPLANKTON; CONSUMPTION; ROBUSTNESS; INDICATORS AB Introduced species can alter the topology of food webs. For instance, an introduction can aid the arrival of free-living consumers using the new species as a resource, while new parasites may also arrive with the introduced species. Food-web responses to species additions can thus be far more complex than anticipated. In a subarctic pelagic food web with free-living and parasitic species, two fish species (arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus) have known histories as deliberate introductions. The effects of these introductions on the food web were explored by comparing the current pelagic web with a heuristic reconstruction of the pre-introduction web. Extinctions caused by these introductions could not be evaluated by this approach. The introduced fish species have become important hubs in the trophic network, interacting with numerous parasites, predators and prey. In particular, five parasite species and four predatory bird species depend on the two introduced species as obligate trophic resources in the pelagic web and could therefore not have been present in the pre-introduction network. The presence of the two introduced fish species and the arrival of their associated parasites and predators increased biodiversity, mean trophic level, linkage density, and nestedness; altering both the network structure and functioning of the pelagic web. Parasites, in particular trophically transmitted species, had a prominent role in the network alterations that followed the introductions. C1 [Amundsen, Per-Arne; Knudsen, Rune; Primicerio, Raul; Kristoffersen, Roar; Klemetsen, Anders] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] UC Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Amundsen, PA (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM per-arne.amundsen@uit.no RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU University of Tromso; Norwegian Research Council FX We thank staff and students of the Freshwater Ecology Group at the University of Tromso for their invaluable support in the Takvatn studies, and in particular L. Dalsbo and J. Evjen for their enduring assistance in the field and laboratory work. N. Foster and M. Torchin provided comments on a draft of the paper. The University of Tromso and the Norwegian Research Council contributed financial support. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2461-2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116TR UT WOS:000316906400021 PM 23053223 ER PT J AU Witwicki, DL Doescher, PS Pyke, DA DeCrappeo, NM Perakis, SS AF Witwicki, Dana L. Doescher, Paul S. Pyke, David A. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Perakis, Steven S. TI Nitrogen limitation, N-15 tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis communities SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Exotic annual grass; Sagebrush steppe; Nutrient amendments; Carbon addition ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN DESERT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL CARBON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; CHEATGRASS; GRASSES AB Annual grass invasion into shrub-dominated ecosystems is associated with changes in nutrient cycling that may alter nitrogen (N) limitation and retention. Carbon (C) applications that reduce plant-available N have been suggested to give native perennial vegetation a competitive advantage over exotic annual grasses, but plant community and N retention responses to C addition remain poorly understood in these ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the degree of N limitation of plant biomass in intact versus B. tectorum-invaded sagebrush communities, (2) determine if plant N limitation patterns are reflected in the strength of tracer N-15 retention over two growing seasons, and (3) assess if the strength of plant N limitation predicts the efficacy of carbon additions intended to reduce soil N availability and plant growth. Labile C additions reduced biomass of exotic annual species; however, growth of native A. tridentata shrubs also declined. Exotic annual and native perennial plant communities had divergent responses to added N, with B. tectorum displaying greater ability to use added N to rapidly increase aboveground biomass, and native perennials increasing their tissue N concentration but showing little growth response. Few differences in N pools between the annual and native communities were detected. In contrast to expectations, however, more N-15 was retained over two growing seasons in the invaded annual grass than in the native shrub community. Our data suggest that N cycling in converted exotic annual grasslands of the northern Intermountain West, USA, may retain N more strongly than previously thought. C1 [Witwicki, Dana L.] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.; DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Witwicki, DL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dana_witwicki@nps.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (CREES) [2001-52103-11322]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project FX We thank E. DeLorenze, C. Catricala, J. Samples, J. Brunson, S. Egbert, and M. Delepine for field and laboratory assistance. S. Reed and J. Stark provided helpful suggestions for this manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (CREES Agreement 2001-52103-11322) and the U.S. Geological Survey's Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1023 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116TR UT WOS:000316906400023 PM 23001622 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Tupper, SK Werner, SJ Pettit, SE Santer, MM Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Tupper, Shelagh K. Werner, Scott J. Pettit, Susan E. Santer, Michele M. Linz, George M. TI Laboratory efficacy of an anthraquinone-based repellent for reducing bird damage to ripening corn SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Aversion; Chemical repellent ID NEWLY PLANTED RICE; BLACKBIRD DAMAGE; SUNFLOWER AB Wildlife repellents provide a non-lethal alternative for managing agricultural impacts associated with wildlife depredation. To evaluate a potential bird repellent for ripening corn, we conducted a feeding experiment at the United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center with 66 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Using a two-choice experimental design we tested the efficacy of Avipel repellent (a.i. 50% 9,10-anthraquinone) on ripening sweet corn. Red-winged blackbirds consumed an average of 8.6%+/- 0.9% of kernels from untreated ears and 5.3% +/- 1.1% from ears treated with anthraquinone. The interaction between anthraquinone concentration and corn treatment suggests a positive concentration-response for red-winged blackbirds. Odds ratio analysis suggests red-winged blackbirds were 1.4 times more likely to damage untreated sweet corn compared to treated sweet corn. These results suggest efficacy of anthraquinone-based products as red-wing blackbird repellents for ripening corn. Moreover, exposure to anthraquinone-based repellents may reduce consumption of a food matrix that receives little to no direct anthraquinone exposure. Supplemental research is recommended to evaluate anthraquinone-based repellents under field conditions, including the establishment of a chemical tolerance for food and feed use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carlson, James C.; Tupper, Shelagh K.; Werner, Scott J.; Pettit, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Santer, Michele M.] Ark Life Sci, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,North Dakota Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Carlson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.c.carlson@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.01.011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 117AI UT WOS:000316924100003 ER PT J AU Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Cruikshank, DP Cuzzi, JN Lunine, JI Brown, RH Cerroni, P Tosi, F Ciarniello, M Buratti, BJ Hedman, MM Flamini, E AF Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. Cruikshank, D. P. Cuzzi, J. N. Lunine, J. I. Brown, R. H. Cerroni, P. Tosi, F. Ciarniello, M. Buratti, B. J. Hedman, M. M. Flamini, E. TI THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ICE AND CHROMOPHORES ACROSS SATURN'S SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: rings ID CASSINI-VIMS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DARK MATERIAL; RINGS; SATELLITES; SPECTRA; IAPETUS; ENCELADUS; PHOEBE; DISK AB Over the past eight years, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini orbiter has returned hyperspectral images in the 0.35-5.1 mu m range of the icy satellites and rings of Saturn. These very different objects show significant variations in surface composition, roughness, and regolith grain size as a result of their evolutionary histories, endogenic processes, and interactions with exogenic particles. The distributions of surface water ice and chromophores, i.e., organic and non-icy materials, across the Saturnian system, are traced using specific spectral indicators (spectral slopes and absorption band depths) obtained from rings mosaics and disk-integrated satellites observations by VIMS. Moving from the inner C ring to Iapetus, we found a marking uniformity in the distribution of abundance of water ice. On the other hand, the distribution of chromophores is much more concentrated in the rings particles and on the outermost satellites (Rhea, Hyperion, and Iapetus). A reduction of red material is observed on the satellites' surfaces orbiting within the E ring environment likely due to fine particles from Enceladus' plumes. Once the exogenous dark material covering the Iapetus' leading hemisphere is removed, the texture of the water ice-rich surfaces, inferred through the 2 mu m band depth, appears remarkably uniform across the entire system. C1 [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Tosi, F.; Ciarniello, M.] Area Ric Tor Vergata, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80228 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.; Lunine, J. I.; Hedman, M. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.; Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Flamini, E.] Italian Space Agcy, ASI, I-00198 Rome, Italy. RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), Area Ric Tor Vergata, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it OI Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434 FU Italian Space Agency [I/015/09/0]; NASA through the Cassini project FX This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and was completed thanks to the financial support of the Italian Space Agency (grant I/015/09/0) and NASA through the Cassini project. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 766 IS 2 AR 76 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/76 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108UE UT WOS:000316320900010 ER PT J AU Hecker, S Abrahamson, NA Wooddell, KE AF Hecker, S. Abrahamson, N. A. Wooddell, K. E. TI Variability of Displacement at a Point: Implications for Earthquake-Size Distribution and Rupture Hazard on Faults SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; PALEOSEISMIC EVIDENCE; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; SEISMIC-HAZARD; CARRIZO PLAIN; UNCHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKES; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE RUPTURES; EMERSON FAULT; CALIFORNIA AB To investigate the nature of earthquake-magnitude distributions on faults, we compare the interevent variability of surface displacement at a point on a fault from a composite global data set of paleoseismic observations with the variability expected from two prevailing magnitude-frequency distributions: the truncated-exponential model and the characteristic-earthquake model. We use forward modeling to predict the coefficient of variation (CV) for the alternative earthquake distributions, incorporating factors that would effect observations of displacement at a site. The characteristic-earthquake model (with a characteristic-magnitude range of +/- 0.25) produces CV values consistent with the data (CV similar to 0.5) only if the variability for a given earthquake magnitude is small. This condition implies that rupture patterns on a fault are stable, in keeping with the concept behind the model. This constraint also bears upon faultrupture hazard analysis, which, for lack of point-specific information, has used global scaling relations to infer variability in average displacement for a given-size earthquake. Exponential distributions of earthquakes (from M 5 to the maximum magnitude) give rise to CV values that are significantly larger than the empirical constraint. A version of the model truncated at M 7, however, yields values consistent with a larger CV (similar to 0.6) determined for small-displacement sites. Although this result allows for a difference in the magnitude distribution of smaller surface-rupturing earthquakes, it may reflect, in part, less stability in the displacement profile of smaller ruptures and/or the tails of larger ruptures. C1 [Hecker, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Abrahamson, N. A.; Wooddell, K. E.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Hecker, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 651 EP 674 DI 10.1785/0120120159 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800004 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Hartzell, S AF Mendoza, C. Hartzell, S. TI Finite-Fault Source Inversion Using Teleseismic P Waves: Simple Parameterization and Rapid Analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JOINT INVERSION; RUPTURE HISTORY; SEPTEMBER 2010; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; CONSTRAINTS; MOTION; MEXICO; INSAR; SLIP AB We examine the ability of teleseismic P waves to provide a timely image of the rupture history for large earthquakes using a simple, 2D finite-fault source parameterization. We analyze the broadband displacement waveforms recorded for the 2010 M-w similar to 7 Darfield (New Zealand) and El Mayor-Cucapah (Baja California) earthquakes using a single planar fault with a fixed rake. Both of these earthquakes were observed to have complicated fault geometries following detailed source studies conducted by other investigators using various data types. Our kinematic, finite-fault analysis of the events yields rupture models that similarly identify the principal areas of large coseismic slip along the fault. The results also indicate that the amount of stabilization required to spatially smooth the slip across the fault and minimize the seismic moment is related to the amplitudes of the observed P waveforms and can be estimated from the absolute values of the elements of the coefficient matrix. This empirical relationship persists for earthquakes of different magnitudes and is consistent with the stabilization constraint obtained from the L-curve in Tikhonov regularization. We use the relation to estimate the smoothing parameters for the 2011 M-w 7.1 East Turkey, 2012 M-w 8.6 Northern Sumatra, and 2011 M-w 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquakes and invert the teleseismic P waves in a single step to recover timely, preliminary slip models that identify the principal source features observed in finite-fault solutions obtained by the U. S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) from the analysis of body-and surface-wave data. These results indicate that smoothing constraints can be estimated a priori to derive a preliminary, first-order image of the coseismic slip using teleseismic records. C1 [Mendoza, C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Hartzell, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mendoza, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA) at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico FX This work was part of a sabbatical project sponsored by the Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA) at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Computer resources provided by CONACYT Project 60363 were also used in the study. Review comments provided by G. Hayes and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 834 EP 844 DI 10.1785/0120120069 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800015 ER PT J AU Koehler, RD Mann, P Prentice, CS Brown, L Benford, B Wiggins-Grandison, M AF Koehler, R. D. Mann, P. Prentice, C. S. Brown, L. Benford, B. Wiggins-Grandison, M. TI Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault Zone in Jamaica: Paleoseismology and Seismic Hazard SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; CAYMAN TROUGH; CARIBBEAN SEA; RATES; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE; GPS AB The countries of Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic all straddle the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ), a major left-lateral, strike-slip fault system bounding the Caribbean and North American plates. Past large earthquakes that destroyed the capital cities of Kingston, Jamaica (1692, 1907), and Portau-Prince, Haiti (1751, 1770), as well as the 2010 Haiti earthquake that killed more than 50,000 people, have heightened awareness of seismic hazards in the northern Caribbean. We present here new geomorphic and paleoseismic information bearing on the location and relative activity of the EPGFZ, which marks the plate boundary in Jamaica. Documentation of a river bank exposure and several trenches indicate that this fault is active and has the potential to cause major destructive earthquakes in Jamaica. The results suggest that the fault has not ruptured the surface in at least 500 yr and possibly as long as 28 ka. The long period of quiescence and subdued geomorphic expression of the EPGFZ indicates that it may only accommodate part of the similar to 7-9 mm/yr plate deformation rate measured geodetically and that slip may be partitioned on other undocumented faults. Large uncertainties related to the neotectonic framework of Jamaica remain and more detailed fault characterization studies are necessary to accurately assess seismic hazards. C1 [Koehler, R. D.] State Alaska, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Mann, P.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Prentice, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, L.] Univ West Indies Mona, Earthquake Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Benford, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wiggins-Grandison, M.] Vienna Int Ctr, Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Koehler, RD (reprint author), State Alaska, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM rich.koehler@alaska.gov; pmann277@gmail.com; cprentice@usgs.gov; brownlyndon@gmail.com; brynbenford@gmail.com; margaret.wiggins.grandison@ctbto.org FU NSF [NSF-EAR-0609579] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant NSF-EAR-0609579 to Paul Mann. Insightful comments by Sean Bemis, Tony Crone, Shannon Mahan, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. We appreciate assistance in the field from C. DeMets (University of Wisconsin, Madison). J. Storms and W. King (University of Texas, Austin) provided imagery, field, and GIS support. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 971 EP 983 DI 10.1785/0120120215 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800025 ER PT J AU Amos, CB Lutz, AT Jayko, AS Mahan, SA Fisher, GB Unruh, JR AF Amos, Colin B. Lutz, Andrew T. Jayko, Angela S. Mahan, Shannon A. Fisher, G. Burch Unruh, Jeffrey R. TI Refining the Southern Extent of the 1872 Owens Valley Earthquake Rupture through Paleoseismic Investigations in the Haiwee Area, Southeastern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; SLIP RATES; RANGE PROVINCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; KERN CANYON; LONE-PINE; FAULT; BASIN AB Recent upward revision of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake from M-w 7.4-7.5 to 7.7-7.9 implies either additional unrecognized rupture length or anomalously strong ground motions associated with this event. We investigate the first possibility through paleoseismic trenching south of the mapped surface rupture in the Haiwee area, where historical accounts suggest significant surface deformation following the earthquake. Trenching focused on a prominent north-striking scarp, herein termed the Sage Flat fault, expressed in Pleistocene alluvial fans east of Haiwee Reservoir. Surficial mapping and ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) surveying suggest that this fault accommodates east-down normal motion, and possibly a comparable amount of dextral slip. Trenching and luminescence dating brackets the timing of the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake between similar to 25.7 and 30.1 ka, and provides evidence for an earlier event predating this time. In combination with scarp profiling, these dates also suggest a maximum rate of normal, dip-slip fault motion up to similar to 0.1 mm/yr over this period. Although we discovered no evidence for recent surface rupture on the Sage Flat fault, a series of subvertical fractures and fissures cut across young trench stratigraphy, consistent with secondary deformation associated with seismic shaking. As such, we suggest that possible ground disturbance in the Haiwee area during the 1872 event primarily reflected ground shaking or liquefaction-related deformation rather than triggered slip. In addition, we infer a structural and kinematic connection between the Owens Valley fault and oblique-dextral faults north of Lower Cactus Flat in the northwestern Coso Range, rather than a west-step into northern or western Rose Valley. Consideration of these structures in the total extent of the Owens Valley fault suggests a length of 140 km, of which at least 113 km ruptured during the 1872 event. C1 [Amos, Colin B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Lutz, Andrew T.; Unruh, Jeffrey R.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Jayko, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Ctr, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fisher, G. Burch] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Amos, CB (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, 516 High St MS 9080, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM colin.amos@wwu.edu; lutz@lettisci.com; ajayko@usgs.gov; smahan@usgs.gov; burch@eri.ucsb.edu; unruh@lettisci.com RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008; OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G09AP00133] FX We thank Seth Dee for processing and analyzing the luminescence samples. We also thank Paul Hancock and Anita McProud of Lone Pine, California, for logistical support during our trenching. Bodo Bookhagen provided use of terrestrial laser scanning survey equipment. Constructive reviews by Steven Bacon, Tim Dawson, and Craig dePolo improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP), award G09AP00133. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 1022 EP 1037 DI 10.1785/0120120024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800028 ER PT J AU Lin, T Harmsen, SC Baker, JW Luco, N AF Lin, Ting Harmsen, Stephen C. Baker, Jack W. Luco, Nicolas TI Conditional Spectrum Computation Incorporating Multiple Causal Earthquakes and Ground-Motion Prediction Models SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; ACCELERATION VALUES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; LOGIC TREES; SELECTION; EPSILON; PERIODS; PGV AB The conditional spectrum (CS) is a target spectrum (with conditional mean and conditional standard deviation) that links seismic hazard information with ground-motion selection for nonlinear dynamic analysis. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) estimates the ground-motion hazard by incorporating the aleatory uncertainties in all earthquake scenarios and resulting ground motions, as well as the epistemic uncertainties in ground-motion prediction models (GMPMs) and seismic source models. Typical CS calculations to date are produced for a single earthquake scenario using a single GMPM, but more precise use requires consideration of at least multiple causal earthquakes and multiple GMPMs that are often considered in a PSHA computation. This paper presents the mathematics underlying these more precise CS calculations. Despite requiring more effort to compute than approximate calculations using a single causal earthquake and GMPM, the proposed approach produces an exact output that has a theoretical basis. To demonstrate the results of this approach and compare the exact and approximate calculations, several example calculations are performed for real sites in the western United States. The results also provide some insights regarding the circumstances under which approximate results are likely to closely match more exact results. To facilitate these more precise calculations for real applications, the exact CS calculations can now be performed for real sites in the United States using new deaggregation features in the U. S. Geological Survey hazard mapping tools. Details regarding this implementation are discussed in this paper. C1 [Lin, Ting; Baker, Jack W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Harmsen, Stephen C.; Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lin, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tinglin@stanford.edu; harmsen@usgs.gov; bakerjw@stanford.edu; nluco@usgs.gov OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599 FU USGS [07HQAG0129, 08HQAG0115] FX The authors thank Brendon Bradley, Gabriel Toro, Ned Field, Eduardo Miranda, and Ivan Wong for their helpful reviews of the paper. Also, thanks to Eric Martinez for his assistance on the USGS implementation. This work was supported by the USGS external grants program, under Awards 07HQAG0129 and 08HQAG0115. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations presented in this material are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 1103 EP 1116 DI 10.1785/0120110293 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800033 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Baker, BW AF Augustine, David J. Baker, Bruce W. TI Associations of Grassland Bird Communities with Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs in the North American Great Plains SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE keystone species; multiple ecosystem services; northern mixed prairie; prairie dog conservation; rangeland biodiversity; semiarid grasslands; spatial heterogeneity ID WINTERING FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; RODENT COMMUNITIES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; MOUNTAIN PLOVERS; BURROWING OWLS; COLONIES; HETEROGENEITY; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Colonial burrowing herbivores can modify vegetation structure, create belowground refugia, and generate landscape heterogeneity, thereby affecting the distribution and abundance of associated species. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are such a species, and they may strongly affect the abundance and composition of grassland bird communities. We examined how prairie dog colonies in the North American Great Plains affect bird species and community composition. Areas occupied by prairie dogs, characterized by low percent cover of grass, high percent cover of bare soil, and low vegetation height and density, supported a breeding bird community that differed substantially from surrounding areas that lacked prairie dogs. Bird communities on colony sites had significantly greater densities of large-bodied carnivores (Burrowing Owls [Athene cunicularia], Mountain Plovers, [Charadrius montanus], and Killdeer [Charadrius vociferus]) and omnivores consisting of Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) and McCown's Longspurs (Rhynchophanes mccownii) than bird communities off colony sites. Bird communities off colony sites were dominated by small-bodied insectivorous sparrows (Ammodramus spp.) and omnivorous Lark Buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and Lark Sparrows (Chondestes grammacus). Densities of 3 species of conservation concern and 1 game species were significantly higher on colony sites than off colony sites, and the strength of prairie dog effects was consistent across the northern Great Plains. Vegetation modification by prairie dogs sustains a diverse suite of bird species in these grasslands. Collectively, our findings and those from previous studies show that areas in the North American Great Plains with prairie dog colonies support higher densities of at least 9 vertebrate species than sites without colonies. Prairie dogs affect habitat for these species through multiple pathways, including creation of belowground refugia, supply of prey for specialized predators, modification of vegetation structure within colonies, and increased landscape heterogeneity. C1 [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Baker, Bruce W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1111/cobi.12013 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UN UT WOS:000316694600011 PM 23330695 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Fedy, BC Landguth, EL AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fedy, Bradley C. Landguth, Erin L. TI Sample design effects in landscape genetics SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Partial Mantel test; CDPOP; Causal modeling; Simulation modeling; Isolation-by-distance; Isolation-by-landscape resistance; Isolation-by-barrier; Cluster sampling; Linear sampling; Systematic sampling; Random sampling ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEASCAPE GENETICS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; FLOW; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; MODELS; COLONIZATION; INFERENCE AB An important research gap in landscape genetics is the impact of different field sampling designs on the ability to detect the effects of landscape pattern on gene flow. We evaluated how five different sampling regimes (random, linear, systematic, cluster, and single study site) affected the probability of correctly identifying the generating landscape process of population structure. Sampling regimes were chosen to represent a suite of designs common in field studies. We used genetic data generated from a spatially-explicit, individual-based program and simulated gene flow in a continuous population across a landscape with gradual spatial changes in resistance to movement. Additionally, we evaluated the sampling regimes using realistic and obtainable number of loci (10 and 20), number of alleles per locus (5 and 10), number of individuals sampled (10-300), and generational time after the landscape was introduced (20 and 400). For a simulated continuously distributed species, we found that random, linear, and systematic sampling regimes performed well with high sample sizes (> 200), levels of polymorphism (10 alleles per locus), and number of molecular markers (20). The cluster and single study site sampling regimes were not able to correctly identify the generating process under any conditions and thus, are not advisable strategies for scenarios similar to our simulations. Our research emphasizes the importance of sampling data at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales and suggests careful consideration for sampling near landscape components that are likely to most influence the genetic structure of the species. In addition, simulating sampling designs a priori could help guide filed data collection efforts. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fedy, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0415-1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 119DD UT WOS:000317076500004 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Bianchi, CA Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Miller, M. P. Bianchi, C. A. Mullins, T. D. Haig, S. M. TI Associations between forest fragmentation patterns and genetic structure in Pfrimer's Parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), an endangered endemic to central Brazil's dry forests SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Cerrado biome; Dry forests; Habitat fragmentation; Connection redundancy; Pyrrhura pfrimeri ID MEASURING LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLOW; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES AB When habitat becomes fragmented, populations of species may become increasingly isolated. In the absence of habitat corridors, genetic structure may develop and populations risk reductions in genetic diversity from increased genetic drift and inbreeding. Deforestation of the Cerrado biome of Brazil, particularly of the dry forests within the Paran River Basin, has incrementally occurred since the 1970s and increased forest fragmentation within the region. We performed landscape genetic analyses of Pfrimer's parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), a globally endangered endemic to the region, to determine if forest fragmentation patterns were associated with genetic structuring in this species. We used previously generated satellite imagery that identified the locations of Paran River Basin forest fragments in 1977, 1993/94, and 2008. Behavioral data quantifying the affinity of Pfrimer's parakeet for forest habitat was used to parameterize empirically derived landscape conductance surfaces. Though genetic structure was observed among Pfrimer's parakeet populations, no association between genetic and geographic distance was detected. Likewise, least cost path lengths, circuit theory-based resistance distances, and a new measure of least cost path length complexity could not be conclusively associated with genetic structure patterns. Instead, a new quantity that encapsulated connection redundancy from the 1977 forest fragmentation data provided the clearest associations with pairwise genetic differentiation patterns (Jost's D: r = 0.72, P = 0.006; F-ST: r = 0.741, P = 0.001). Our analyses suggest a 35-year or more lag between deforestation and its effect on genetic structure. Because 66 % of the Paran River Basin has been deforested since 1977, we expect that genetic structure will increase substantially among Pfrimer's Parakeet populations in the future, especially if fragmentation continues at its current pace. C1 [Miller, M. P.; Mullins, T. D.; Haig, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bianchi, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (Scott Neotropical Fund); Parrots International; Canadian Parrot Symposium; Pesquisa e Conservacao do Cerrado (PEQUI); Pacific Islands Conservation Research Association; CAPES/Fulbright doctoral scholarship [15053166/201604-4] FX Fieldwork financial support was provided by USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (Scott Neotropical Fund), Parrots International, Canadian Parrot Symposium, Pesquisa e Conservacao do Cerrado (PEQUI), and Pacific Islands Conservation Research Association. We thank A. Portella and F. Bianchi for field assistance. We further thank T. Jennings, B. Knaus, and R. Cronn for their laboratory and bioinformatic assistance with the identification of microsatellite loci used in this investigation. A. Vandergast, C. Epps, B. McRae, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on analysis results and prior manuscript drafts. CAB was supported by a CAPES/Fulbright doctoral scholarship (15053166/201604-4). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0420-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 119DD UT WOS:000317076500009 ER PT J AU King, KA Grue, CE Grassley, JM Fisk, RJ AF King, Kerensa A. Grue, Christian E. Grassley, James M. Fisk, Robert J. TI Pesticides in urban streams and early life stages of pacific coho salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Pesticide mixture; Urban stream; Pacific Northwest; Reproduction ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SALAR L.; CONSERVATION; MIXTURES; CARBARYL; MOTILITY; RUNOFF; FISH AB Pesticides are frequently detected in urban streams and are believed to be primarily the result of homeowner use. Although concentrations in most cases are low (<1 mu g/L), there is concern that pesticide inputs threaten efforts to restore and enhance salmon habitat. The authors exposed early life stages of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to a pesticide mixture (cocktail) representative of those pesticides most frequently reported in urban streams in western Washington State, USA. Life stages were continuously exposed to pulses of the cocktail simulating those in urban streams in fall and winter when coho salmon eggs and sac fry are present. Nominal concentrations of eight herbicides, two insecticides, a fungicide, and a breakdown product were the maximum detected. Fertilization, hatching success, survival, deformities, and growth of fry were not significantly affected. A reduction in fertilization success (1925%) was not reproducible even when gametes were exposed to 100 times the maximum concentrations detected. Based on the end points examined in the present study, the results suggest that direct exposure to the pesticides most frequently detected in urban streams in western Washington does not impair early life stages of coho salmon and is not a major factor governing the recovery of salmon populations. The extent to which pesticide exposure would affect smoltification, outmigration, and ocean survival needs to be determined. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:920931. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [King, Kerensa A.; Grassley, James M.; Fisk, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP King, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kerensa_king@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington Friends of Farms and Forests; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; Washington Department of Ecology, Fish, and Wildlife; Washington Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, and the Washington Friends of Farms and Forests. The unit is financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; the Washington Department of Ecology, Fish, and Wildlife; and the Washington Department of Natural Resources. Special thanks to J. Wittouck, N. Hurtado, and D. Rose (University of Washington Hatchery) for technical assistance and to V. Blackhurst, S. Damm, W. Madden, G. Marston, M. Horne- Brine, M. Sternberg, and M. Tamayo for assistance with fish capture, spawning, or data collection. C. O'Toole (Edge Analytical Laboratories) and S. Thun (Pacific Agricultural Laboratory) provided guidance on water sample collection for chemical analyses and interpretation of results from analytical chemistry. L. Conquest, G. Young, and two anonymous reviewers kindly provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.1002/etc.2117 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 112VG UT WOS:000316621700026 PM 23297254 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Ryder, RT Trippi, MH Alimi, H AF Hackley, Paul C. Ryder, Robert T. Trippi, Michael H. Alimi, Hossein TI Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Devonian shale; Biomarkers; Thermal maturity; Kerogen; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ID SOURCE-ROCK; NATURAL GASES; GEOCHEMISTRY; MATURATION; PYROLYSIS; TOARCIAN; CHINA AB To better estimate thermal maturity of Devonian shales in the northern Appalachian Basin, eleven samples of Marcellus and Huron Shale were characterized via multiple analytical techniques. Vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, gas chromatography (GC) of whole rock extracts, and GC-mass spectrometry (GCMS) of extract saturate fractions were evaluated on three transects that lie across previously documented regional thermal maturity isolines. Results from vitrinite reflectance suggest that most samples are immature with respect to hydrocarbon generation. However, bulk geochemical data and sterane and terpane biomarker ratios from GCMS suggest that almost all samples are in the oil window. This observation is consistent with the presence of thermogenic gas in the study area and higher vitrinite reflectance values recorded from overlying Pennsylvanian coals. These results suggest that vitrinite reflectance is a poor predictor of thermal maturity in early mature areas of Devonian shale, perhaps because reported measurements often include determinations of solid bitumen reflectance. Vitrinite reflectance interpretations in areas of early mature Devonian shale should be supplanted by evaluation of thermal maturity information from biomarker ratios and bulk geochemical data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Ryder, Robert T.; Trippi, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Alimi, Hossein] Weatherford Labs, Geochem Serv Grp, Shenandoah, TX 77384 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD APR PY 2013 VL 106 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 107BR UT WOS:000316190200055 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Patino, R AF Sharma, Prakash Patino, Reynaldo TI Regulation of gonadal sex ratios and pubertal development by the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Methimazole; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Sex ratio; Puberty ID CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; OOCYTE APOPTOSIS; HORMONE; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPHIBIANS; THYROXINE; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; TELEOSTS AB We examined associations between thyroid condition, gonadal sex and pubertal development in zebrafish. Seventy-two-hour postfertilization larvae were reared in untreated medium or in the presence of goitrogens (sodium perchlorate, 0.82 mM; methimazole, 0.15 and 0.3 mM) or thyroxine (1 and 10 nM) for 30 days. Thyrocyte height, gonadal sex and gonadal development were histologically determined at 45 and 60 days postfertilization (dpf). Thyrocyte hypertrophy, an index of hypothyroidism, was observed at 45 and 60 dpf in perchlorate-treated but only at 45 dpf in methimazole-treated fish. Similarly, gonadal sex ratios were biased toward ovaries relative to control animals at 45 and 60 dpf in perchlorate-treated fish but only at 45 dpf in methimazole-treated fish. Gonadal sex ratios were biased toward testes at 45 and 60 dpf in thyroxine-treated fish. Spermatogenesis was delayed in testes from goitrogen-treated fish at 60 dpf relative to control values, but was unaffected in testes from thyroxine-treated individuals. Oogenesis seemed to be nonspecifically delayed in all treatments relative to control at 60 dpf. This study confirmed the previously reported association between hypothyroid condition and ovarian-skewed ratios, and hyperthyroid condition and testicular-skewed ratios, and also showed that male pubertal development is specifically delayed by experimental hypothyroidism. The simultaneous recovery from the hypothyroid and ovary-inducing effects of methimazole by 60 dpf (27 days post-treatment) suggests that the ovary-skewing effect of goitrogens is reversible when thyroid conditions return to basal levels before developmental commitment of gonadal sex. Conversely, the masculinizing effect of hyperthyroidism seems to be stable and perhaps permanent. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sharma, Prakash; Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 15th & Boston,Agr Sci Rm 218, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU Texas Tech University; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU) FX This study was facilitated by intramural funding from Texas Tech University and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU). TCFWRU cooperators include U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 184 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.018 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 110GY UT WOS:000316431800013 PM 23337033 ER PT J AU Maciel, J Pinon, M Zaragoza, D Cordero, G Neuman-Lee, L Strickland, J Thol, S Warner, D Mitchell, T Reedy, A Janzen, F AF Maciel, J. Pinon, M. Zaragoza, D. Cordero, G. Neuman-Lee, L. Strickland, J. Thol, S. Warner, D. Mitchell, T. Reedy, A. Janzen, F. TI Planting a TREE: designing a program to facilitate ecological research, outreach, education, and mentoring for underrepresented students SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kelly High Sch, Chicago, IL USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19153 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. EM fjanzen@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E321 EP E321 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402344 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD AF Mccormick, S. D. TI Downstream: the hormonal control of smolt development in salmon. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Mccormick, S. D.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E141 EP E141 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401099 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Triggs, L Oland, L Paschke, J Kramer, AW Udevitz, MS Jay, CV AF Noren, S. R. Triggs, L. Oland, L. Paschke, J. Kramer, A. W. Udevitz, M. S. Jay, C., V TI Body Condition and Caloric Demand of Female Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA USA. Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN USA. Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E156 EP E156 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401160 ER PT J AU Peters, JM Carleton, SA Craig, C Del Rio, MM AF Peters, J. M. Carleton, S. A. Craig, C. Del Rio, Martinez M. TI Effects of land use on seasonal foraging behavior in white-winged doves of Arizona: Insights from stable isotope analysis SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USGS, Reston, VA USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jcbptrs@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E351 EP E351 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402463 ER PT J AU Yuge, S Honeyfield, DC Saloka, SK Li, W AF Yuge, S. Honeyfield, D. C. Saloka, S. K. Li, W. TI Characterization and functional analyses of three thiamin related transporters and a thiamin pyrophosphokinase in rainbow trout, and examination of their expression alteration in thiamin deficiency SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS NARL, Wellsboro, PA USA. EM shinya.yuge@gmail.com RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E232 EP E232 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401464 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO Olea, RA AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Olea, Ricardo A. TI Sequential Gaussian co-simulation of rate decline parameters of longwall gob gas ventholes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Sequential Gaussian co-simulation; Geostatistical stochastic simulation; Longwall mining; Gob gas ventholes; Decline curve analysis; Methane control ID PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES; METHANE EMISSIONS; MINES; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; QUALITY; PANEL AB Gob gas ventholes (GGVs) are used to control methane inflows into a longwall mining operation by capturing the gas within the overlying fractured strata before it enters the work environment. Using geostatistical co-simulation techniques, this paper maps the parameters of their rate decline behaviors across the study area, a longwall mine in the Northern Appalachian basin. Geostatistical gas-in-place (GIP) simulations were performed, using data from 64 exploration boreholes, and GIP data were mapped within the fractured zone of the study area. In addition, methane flowrates monitored from 10 GGVs were analyzed using decline curve analyses (DCA) techniques to determine parameters of decline rates. Surface elevation showed the most influence on methane production from GGVs and thus was used to investigate its relation with DCA parameters using correlation techniques on normal-scored data. Geostatistical analysis was pursued using sequential Gaussian co-simulation with surface elevation as the secondary variable and with DCA parameters as the primary variables. The primary DCA variables were effective percentage decline rate, rate at production start, rate at the beginning of forecast period, and production end duration. Co-simulation results were presented to visualize decline parameters at an area-wide scale. Wells located at lower elevations, i.e., at the bottom of valleys, tend to perform better in terms of their rate declines compared to those at higher elevations. These results were used to calculate drainage radii of GGVs using GIP realizations. The calculated drainage radii are close to ones predicted by pressure transient tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 59 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.11.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114GD UT WOS:000316728200001 PM 26190930 ER PT J AU Brodie, J Johnson, H Mitchell, M Zager, P Proffitt, K Hebblewhite, M Kauffman, M Johnson, B Bissonette, J Bishop, C Gude, J Herbert, J Hersey, K Hurley, M Lukacs, PM McCorquodale, S McIntire, E Nowak, J Sawyer, H Smith, D White, PJ AF Brodie, Jedediah Johnson, Heather Mitchell, Michael Zager, Peter Proffitt, Kelly Hebblewhite, Mark Kauffman, Matthew Johnson, Bruce Bissonette, John Bishop, Chad Gude, Justin Herbert, Jeff Hersey, Kent Hurley, Mark Lukacs, Paul M. McCorquodale, Scott McIntire, Eliot Nowak, Josh Sawyer, Hall Smith, Douglas White, P. J. TI Relative influence of human harvest, carnivores, and weather on adult female elk survival across western North America SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive mortality; Cervus elaphus; climate change; compensatory mortality; harvest; predation; ungulate ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; WHITE-TAILED DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LARGE HERBIVORES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HUNTING MORTALITY; WOLF RESTORATION; YELLOWSTONE ELK; CALF SURVIVAL; AGE STRUCTURE AB Well-informed management of harvested species requires understanding how changing ecological conditions affect demography and population dynamics, information that is lacking for many species. We have limited understanding of the relative influence of carnivores, harvest, weather and forage availability on elk Cervus elaphus demography, despite the ecological and economic importance of this species. We assessed adult female survival, a key vital rate for population dynamics, from 2746 radio-collared elk in 45 populations across western North America that experience wide variation in carnivore assemblage, harvest, weather and habitat conditions. Proportional hazard analysis revealed that baseline' (i.e. not related to human factors) mortality was higher with very high winter precipitation, particularly in populations sympatric with wolves Canis lupus. Mortality may increase via nutritional stress and heightened vulnerability to predation in snowy winters. Baseline mortality was unrelated to puma Puma concolor presence, forest cover or summer forage productivity. Cause-specific mortality analyses showed that wolves and all carnivore species combined had additive effects on baseline elk mortality, but only reduced survival by <2%. When human factors were included, total' adult mortality was solely related to harvest; the influence of native carnivores was compensatory. Annual total mortality rates were lowest in populations sympatric with both pumas and wolves because managers reduced female harvest in areas with abundant or diverse carnivores. Mortality from native carnivores peaked in late winter and early spring, while harvest-induced mortality peaked in autumn. The strong peak in harvest-induced mortality during the autumn hunting season decreased as the number of native carnivore species increased. Synthesis and applications. Elevated baseline adult female elk mortality from wolves in years with high winter precipitation could affect elk abundance as winters across the western US become drier and wolves recolonize portions of the region. In the absence of human harvest, wolves had additive, although limited, effects on mortality. However, human harvest, and its apparent use by managers to offset predation, primarily controls overall variation in adult female mortality. Altering harvest quotas is thus a strong tool for offsetting impacts of carnivore recolonization and shifting weather patterns on elk across western North America. C1 [Brodie, Jedediah] Univ Montana, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Johnson, Heather; Bishop, Chad] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Durango, CO 81303 USA. [Mitchell, Michael] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zager, Peter; Hurley, Mark] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Proffitt, Kelly; Gude, Justin; Herbert, Jeff] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark; Hurley, Mark; Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Johnson, Bruce] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Bissonette, John] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hersey, Kent] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [McCorquodale, Scott] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [McIntire, Eliot; Nowak, Josh] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Smith, Douglas; White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Brodie, J (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jedediah.brodie@gmail.com RI hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; McIntire, Eliot/F-7995-2011 OI McIntire, Eliot/0000-0002-6914-8316 FU US Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game via the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration programme [W-160-R]; Colorado Parks and Wildlife Auction/Raffle Grant Programme; Colorado, Wyoming and national chapters of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; NASA [NNX11AO47G] FX The Western Elk Research Collaborative is supported by US Geological Survey, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game via the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration programme (W-160-R), the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Auction/Raffle Grant Programme, and the Colorado, Wyoming and national chapters of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. We also thank the state agencies and national parks that contributed data and in-kind support, as well as the capture crews and field staff that collected these data. We thank D. Freddy, K. Hamlin, G. Pauly, D. McWhirter, W. Myers and C. White for designing and implementing field research projects that produced some of data on which our analyses and inferences are based. We also thank T. Toman for continued support and H. Robinson for advice on the analysis. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Funding was also provided from NASA grant NNX11AO47G to M. Hebblewhite. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 172 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12044 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117QX UT WOS:000316969300003 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP John, JG Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Krasting, JP Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Sentman, LT Adcroft, AJ Cooke, W Dunne, KA Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Harrison, MJ Levy, H Wittenberg, AT Phillips, PJ Zadeh, N AF Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Krasting, John P. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Sentman, Lori T. Adcroft, Alistair J. Cooke, William Dunne, Krista A. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Harrison, Matthew J. Levy, Hiram Wittenberg, Andrew T. Phillips, Peter J. Zadeh, Niki TI GFDL's ESM2 Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Earth System Models. Part II: Carbon System Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; OCEAN; CYCLE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB The authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM2G. These models demonstrate good climate fidelity as described in part I of this study while incorporating explicit and consistent carbon dynamics. The two models differ almost exclusively in the physical ocean component; ESM2M uses the Modular Ocean Model version 4.1 with vertical pressure layers, whereas ESM2G uses generalized ocean layer dynamics with a bulk mixed layer and interior isopycnal layers. On land, both ESMs include a revised land model to simulate competitive vegetation distributions and functioning, including carbon cycling among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere. In the ocean, both models include new biogeochemical algorithms including phytoplankton functional group dynamics with flexible stoichiometry. Preindustrial simulations are spun up to give stable, realistic carbon cycle means and variability. Significant differences in simulation characteristics of these two models are described. Because of differences in oceanic ventilation rates, ESM2M has a stronger biological carbon pump but weaker northward implied atmospheric CO2 transport than ESM2G. The major advantages of ESM2G over ESM2M are improved representation of surface chlorophyll in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and thermocline nutrients and oxygen in the North Pacific. Improved tree mortality parameters in ESM2G produced more realistic carbon accumulation in vegetation pools. The major advantages of ESM2M over ESM2G are reduced nutrient and oxygen biases in the southern and tropical oceans. C1 [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Krasting, John P.; Milly, P. C. D.; Sentman, Lori T.; Dunne, Krista A.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Levy, Hiram; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Phillips, Peter J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Krasting, John P.; Cooke, William; Zadeh, Niki] DRC GFDL, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 65 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2267 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400007 ER PT J AU Steidl, RJ Conway, CJ Litt, AR AF Steidl, Robert J. Conway, Courtney J. Litt, Andrea R. TI Power to detect trends in abundance of secretive marsh birds: Effects of species traits and sampling effort SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE marsh birds; monitoring; power analysis; rails; trends; wetland birds; zero-inflated Poisson ID CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; NORTH-AMERICA; DETECTION PROBABILITY; MONITORING EFFORT; TIDAL MARSHES; CONSERVATION; OCCUPANCY; SCALE AB Standardized protocols for surveying secretive marsh birds have been implemented across North America, but the efficacy of surveys to detect population trends has not been evaluated. We used survey data collected from populations of marsh birds across North America and simulations to explore how characteristics of bird populations (proportion of survey stations occupied, abundance at occupied stations, and detection probability) and aspects of sampling effort (numbers of survey routes, stations/route, and surveys/station/year) affect statistical power to detect trends in abundance of marsh bird populations. In general, the proportion of survey stations along a route occupied by a species had a greater relative effect on power to detect trends than did the number of birds detected per survey at occupied stations. Uncertainty introduced by imperfect detection during surveys reduced power to detect trends considerably, but across the range of detection probabilities for most species of marsh birds, variation in detection probability had only a minor influence on power. For species that occupy a relatively high proportion of survey stations (0.20), have relatively high abundances at occupied stations (2.0 birds/station), and have high detection probability (0.50), 40 routes with 10 survey stations per route surveyed 3 times per year would provide an 80% chance of detecting a 3% annual decrease in abundance after 20 years of surveys. Under the same assumptions but for species that are less common, 100 routes would be needed to achieve the same power. Our results can help inform the design of programs to monitor trends in abundance of marsh bird populations, especially with regards to the amount of sampling effort necessary to meet programmatic goals. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Steidl, Robert J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Litt, Andrea R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Steidl, RJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. EM steidl@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX C. Nadeau provided extensive logistical support and helped organize data from the many surveys we used to guide our approach. M. Borgstrom provided suggestions to improve the efficiency of our simulations, which are coded in SAS and available from the authors. Hundreds of biologists from state and federal agencies, including many National Wildlife Refuges, contributed survey data. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey provided funding to support this work. S. Lor and H. Laskowski encouraged us to pursue this issue. We appreciate the comments provided by C. A. Ribic and 2 anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1002/jwmg.505 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100003 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Taylor, MK Laake, J Stirling, I AF Peacock, Elizabeth Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeffrey Stirling, Ian TI Population ecology of polar bears in Davis Strait, Canada and Greenland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; harp seal; harvest; density effects; mark-recapture; polar bear; population demography; sea ice; Ursus maritimus; wildlife management ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; VIABILITY; SIZE; SEA; RECRUITMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; NUNAVUT; HARVEST AB Until recently, the sea ice habitat of polar bears was understood to be variable, but environmental variability was considered to be cyclic or random, rather than progressive. Harvested populations were believed to be at levels where density effects were considered not significant. However, because we now understand that polar bear demography can also be influenced by progressive change in the environment, and some populations have increased to greater densities than historically lower numbers, a broader suite of factors should be considered in demographic studies and management. We analyzed 35 years of capture and harvest data from the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulation in Davis Strait, including data from a new study (20052007), to quantify its current demography. We estimated the population size in 2007 to be 2,158 +/- 180 (SE), a likely increase from the 1970s. We detected variation in survival, reproductive rates, and age-structure of polar bears from geographic sub-regions. Survival and reproduction of bears in southern Davis Strait was greater than in the north and tied to a concurrent dramatic increase in breeding harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in Labrador. The most supported survival models contained geographic and temporal variables. Harp seal abundance was significantly related to polar bear survival. Our estimates of declining harvest recovery rate, and increasing total survival, suggest that the rate of harvest declined over time. Low recruitment rates, average adult survival rates, and high population density, in an environment of high prey density, but deteriorating and variable ice conditions, currently characterize the Davis Strait polar bears. Low reproductive rates may reflect negative effects of greater densities or worsening ice conditions. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Taylor, Mitchell K.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Sci & Environm Studies, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Laake, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov FU governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut; Makivik Corporation; Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board FX We thank the governments of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), and Greenland for providing harvest data. The governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut and the Makivik Corporation, Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada, and the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board provided funding of new capture operations, 2005-2007. A. Simpson (Parks Canada) provided logistics support, E. Born (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources) assisted with harvest data, and B. Doidge and B. Ford (Makivik), and R. Jefferies, R. Otto, and T. Chubbs (NL) assisted with harvest data and logistics. We thank all field technicians, including those who contributed significant time during the new 2005-2007 field effort: C. Didham, M. Dyck, B. Ford, R. Jefferies, R. Otto, T. Pardy, J. McConnell, M. Kotierk. The map figures were prepared by J. McConnell. We thank our pilots, especially J. Innis, for ensuring the safety of polar bears and crews from 1974 to 2008. We thank J. Bromaghin, D. Diefenbach, G. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 184 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1002/jwmg.489 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100005 ER PT J AU Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Grovenburg, TW Kaczor, NW Klaver, RW Herman-Brunson, KM Jenks, JA Jensen, KC AF Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Klaver, Robert W. Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jenks, Jonathan A. Jensen, Kent C. TI Greater sage-grouse winter habitat use on the eastern edge of their range SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Centrocercus urophasianus; greater sage-grouse; habitat; North Dakota; resource selection; sagebrush; South Dakota ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CENTRAL MONTANA; COLORADO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AVAILABILITY; UROPHASIANUS; METABOLISM AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at the western edge of the Dakotas occur in the transition zone between sagebrush and grassland communities. These mixed sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) and grasslands differ from those habitats that comprise the central portions of the sage-grouse range; yet, no information is available on winter habitat selection within this region of their distribution. We evaluated factors influencing greater sage-grouse winter habitat use in North Dakota during 20052006 and 20062007 and in South Dakota during 20062007 and 20072008. We captured and radio-marked 97 breeding-age females and 54 breeding-age males from 2005 to 2007 and quantified habitat selection for 98 of these birds that were alive during winter. We collected habitat measurements at 340 (177ND, 163SD) sage-grouse use sites and 680 random (340 each at 250m and 500m from locations) dependent sites. Use sites differed from random sites with greater percent sagebrush cover (14.75% use vs. 7.29% random; P<0.001), percent total vegetation cover (36.76% use vs. 32.96% random; P0.001), and sagebrush density (2.12plants/m2 use vs. 0.94plants/m2 random; P0.001), but lesser percent grass cover (11.76% use vs. 16.01% random; P0.001) and litter cover (4.34% use vs. 5.55% random; P=0.001) and lower sagebrush height (20.02cm use vs. 21.35cm random; P=0.13) and grass height (21.47cm use vs. 23.21cm random; P=0.15). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate winter habitat selection by sage-grouse on continuous scales. The model sagebrush cover+sagebrush height+sagebrush coverxsagebrush height ($w_{i} $=0.60) was the most supported of the 13 models we considered, indicating that percent sagebrush cover strongly influenced selection. Logistic odds ratios indicated that the probability of selection by sage-grouse increased by 1.867 for every 1% increase in sagebrush cover (95% CI=1.6272.141) and by 1.041 for every 1cm increase in sagebrush height (95% CI=1.0021.082). The interaction between percent sagebrush canopy cover and sagebrush height (=0.01, SE0.01; odds ratio=0.987 [95% CI=0.9830.992]) also was significant. Management could focus on avoiding additional loss of sagebrush habitat, identifying areas of critical winter habitat, and implementing management actions based on causal mechanisms (e.g., soil moisture, precipitation) that affect sagebrush community structure in this region. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Swanson, Christopher C.; Grovenburg, Troy W.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Jensen, Kent C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Swanson, CC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1 1st St SW, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. EM chris_swanson@fws.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU United States Bureau of Land Management in North Dakota [ESA000013]; United States Bureau of Land Management in South Dakota [ESA000013]; United States Bureau of Land Management in Montana [ESA000013]; South Dakota State University; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; United States Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022] FX We thank C. L. Aldridge and J. W. Connelly for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013) in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana; South Dakota State University; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), and the United States Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022). The success of this project was possible due to guidance or field assistance provided by C. A. Berdan, T. Zachmeier, R. M. King, D. Barron, T. C. Berdan, J. M. Wrede, G. D. Kobriger, T. M. Juntti, S. C. Kohn, A. C. Robinson, K. Undlin, A. D. Apa, L. J. Becht, and numerous volunteers. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1002/jwmg.484 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100007 ER PT J AU Loesch, CR Walker, JA Reynolds, RE Gleason, JS Niemuth, ND Stephens, SE Erickson, MA AF Loesch, Charles R. Walker, Johann A. Reynolds, Ronald E. Gleason, Jeffrey S. Niemuth, Neal D. Stephens, Scott E. Erickson, Michael A. TI Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; A. platyrhynchos; blue-winged teal; breeding population; mallard; Prairie Pothole Region; wind energy development; wind turbines ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; IMPACTS; POPULATIONS; WATERFOWL; HABITAT; BIRDS; FARMS; DISTURBANCE AB Industrial wind energy production is a relatively new phenomenon in the Prairie Pothole Region and given the predicted future development, it has the potential to affect large land areas. The effects of wind energy development on breeding duck pair use of wetlands in proximity to wind turbines were unknown. During springs 20082010, we conducted surveys of breeding duck pairs for 5 species of dabbling ducks in 2 wind energy production sites (wind) and 2 paired reference sites (reference) without wind energy development located in the Missouri Coteau of North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. We conducted 10,338 wetland visits and observed 15,760 breeding duck pairs. Estimated densities of duck pairs on wetlands in wind sites were lower for 26 of 30 site, species, and year combinations and of these 16 had 95% credible intervals that did not overlap zero and resulted in a 456% reduction in breeding pairs. The negative median displacement observed in this study (21%) may influence the prioritization of grassland and wetland resources for conservation when existing decision support tools based on breeding-pair density are used. However, for the 2 wind study sites, priority was not reduced. We were unable to directly assess the potential for cumulative impacts and recommend long-term, large-scale waterfowl studies to reduce the uncertainty related to effects of broad-scale wind energy development on both abundance and demographic rates of breeding duck populations. In addition, continued dialogue between waterfowl conservation groups and wind energy developers is necessary to develop conservation strategies to mitigate potential negative effects of wind energy development on duck populations. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.; Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Walker, Johann A.; Stephens, Scott E.] Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gleason, Jeffrey S.; Erickson, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm, ND 58546 USA. RP Loesch, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM chuck_loesch@fws.gov FU NextEra Energy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ducks Unlimited FX We would like to thank the numerous landowners in the project area for granting permission to access their land to conduct breeding duck pair surveys. T. Mitacek, A. Geisler, C. T. Gue, J. Foth, J. Rehar, A. Northrup, B. Hall, D. W. Brant, J. Weiler, H. P., D. Oates, D. LaRochelle, J. Korkos, K. A. Peterson, M. D. McClanahan, M. A. Fellin, and S. W. Cunningham conducted the field surveys and entered the data. Thanks to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kulm Wetland Management District Staff, especially R. Holmgren and D. Peterson for logistical support, and Audubon Wetland Management District and Chase Lake Prairie Project for providing logistical support. We would also like to thank NextEra Energy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Ducks Unlimited for financial support of this project. Finally, we thank W. Meeks and K. Doherty for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1002/jwmg.481 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100017 ER PT J AU Norton, AS Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD AF Norton, Andrew S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Wallingford, Bret D. TI Incorporating harvest rates into the sex-age-kill model for white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; precision; robustness; sensitivity; sex-age-kill model; white-tailed deer ID PENNSYLVANIA; PRECISION; COLORADO; HUNTERS AB Although monitoring population trends is an essential component of game species management, wildlife managers rarely have complete counts of abundance. Often, they rely on population models to monitor population trends. As imperfect representations of real-world populations, models must be rigorously evaluated to be applied appropriately. Previous research has evaluated population models for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus); however, the precision and reliability of these models when tested against empirical measures of variability and bias largely is untested. We were able to statistically evaluate the Pennsylvania sex-age-kill (PASAK) population model using realistic error measured using data from 1,131 radiocollared white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania from 2002 to 2008. We used these data and harvest data (number killed, age-sex structure, etc.) to estimate precision of abundance estimates, identify the most efficient harvest data collection with respect to precision of parameter estimates, and evaluate PASAK model robustness to violation of assumptions. Median coefficient of variation (CV) estimates by Wildlife Management Unit, 13.2% in the most recent year, were slightly above benchmarks recommended for managing game species populations. Doubling reporting rates by hunters or doubling the number of deer checked by personnel in the field reduced median CVs to recommended levels. The PASAK model was robust to errors in estimates for adult male harvest rates but was sensitive to errors in subadult male harvest rates, especially in populations with lower harvest rates. In particular, an error in subadult (1.5-yr-old) male harvest rates resulted in the opposite error in subadult male, adult female, and juvenile population estimates. Also, evidence of a greater harvest probability for subadult female deer when compared with adult (2.5-yr-old) female deer resulted in a 9.5% underestimate of the population using the PASAK model. Because obtaining appropriate sample sizes, by management unit, to estimate harvest rate parameters each year may be too expensive, assumptions of constant annual harvest rates may be necessary. However, if changes in harvest regulations or hunter behavior influence subadult male harvest rates, the PASAK model could provide an unreliable index to population changes. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Norton, Andrew S.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Wallingford, Bret D.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Norton, AS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs A141, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nort0160@umn.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Support for this research was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association, Pennsylvania Deer Association, Pennsylvania Audubon Society, and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. E. S. Long, M. T. Keenan, J. Fleegle, and W. Cottrell provided assistance with deer trapping and data collection. We thank the numerous technicians, volunteers, and landowners who assisted in the study. Also, we thank and acknowledge L. Hansen and W. M. Ford for their reviews of an earlier draft, in addition to helpful reviews by J. M. Gaillard and an anonymous referee. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.1002/jwmg.486 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100019 ER PT J AU Depine, M Frimmel, HE Emsbo, P Koenig, AE Kern, M AF Depine, M. Frimmel, H. E. Emsbo, P. Koenig, A. E. Kern, M. TI Trace element distribution in uraninite from Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand conglomerates (South Africa) supports placer model and magmatogenic source SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Uraninite; Witwatersrand; Trace elements; Gold; Archaean atmosphere ID KAAPVAAL-CRATON; BASIN; GOLD; ORIGIN; FLUIDS; MINERALIZATION; METAMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; BASEMENT AB The first systematic analyses of the trace and rare earth element (REE) distribution in uraninite from various gold-bearing conglomerates of the Mesoarchaean Central Rand Group in South Africa's Witwatersrand Basin by in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirms a placer origin for the uraninite and a magmatogenic provenance thereof. The chemistry of commonly rounded to sub-rounded uraninite is highly variable from grain to grain but generally marked by elevated Th, W, Bi, Mo, Ta, Y, REE contents and unusually high Au concentrations. Especially, the high Th contents and the chondrite-normalised REE patterns are incompatible with post-sedimentary hydrothermal genetic models for the U mineralisation and point to derivation of the detrital uraninite from a high-temperature, magmatogenic, presumably granitic to pegmatitic source. The elevated Au concentrations (of as much as 67 ppm) in this uraninite are unique to the Witwatersrand and hint at a granitic hinterland that was enriched in both U and Au, thus presenting a potential source domain for some of the detrital gold in the Witwatersrand conglomerates. Minute fracture fills of brannerite in close proximity to the larger, rounded uraninite grains are devoid of detectable Bi, Mo, REE and Au and have only very low concentrations of Th, W, Ta and Y. This is explicable by crystallisation from a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Thus, Witwatersrand U phases show, analogous to many other ore constituents, such as pyrite and gold, clear evidence of partial, short-range mobilisation of originally detrital particles by post-sedimentary fluids. C1 [Depine, M.; Frimmel, H. E.; Kern, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Geodynam & Geomat Res Div, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Frimmel, H. E.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Emsbo, P.; Koenig, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frimmel, HE (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. EM hartwig.frimmel@uni-wuerzburg.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [FR2183/3-1, FR2183/3-2] FX H. Bratz and U. Schussler helped with LA-ICP-MS and EMP analyses, respectively. We thank W.E.L. Minter for providing some of the analysed samples from historic mine sites. J. Mercadier and L. Robb are thanked for their thorough reviews of the original manuscript. Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grants FR2183/3-1 and FR2183/3-2) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s00126-013-0458-3 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 115NY UT WOS:000316820300001 ER PT J AU Ostoja, SM Schupp, EW Klinger, R AF Ostoja, Steven M. Schupp, Eugene W. Klinger, Rob TI Seed harvesting by a generalist consumer is context-dependent: Interactive effects across multiple spatial scales SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; PLANT DEFENSE GUILDS; POGONOMYRMEX-OCCIDENTALIS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; APPARENT COMPETITION; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GREAT-BASIN AB Granivore foraging decisions affect consumer success and determine the quantity and spatial pattern of seed survival. These decisions are influenced by environmental variation at spatial scales ranging from landscapes to local foraging patches. In a field experiment, the effects of seed patch variation across three spatial scales on seed removal by western harvester ants Pogonomyrmex occidentalis were evaluated. At the largest scale we assessed harvesting in different plant communities, at the intermediate scale we assessed harvesting at different distances from ant mounds, and at the smallest scale we assessed the effects of interactions among seed species in local seed neighborhoods on seed harvesting (i.e. resourceconsumer interface). Selected seed species were presented alone (monospecific treatment) and in mixture with Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass; mixture treatment) at four distances from P. occidentalis mounds in adjacent intact sagebrush and non-native cheatgrass-dominated communities in the Great Basin, Utah, USA. Seed species differed in harvest, with B. tectorum being least preferred. Large and intermediate scale variation influenced harvest. More seeds were harvested in sagebrush than in cheatgrass-dominated communities (largest scale), and the quantity of seed harvested varied with distance from mounds (intermediate-scale), although the form of the distance effect differed between plant communities. At the smallest scale, seed neighborhood affected harvest, but the patterns differed among seed species considered. Ants harvested fewer seeds from mixed-seed neighborhoods than from monospecific neighborhoods, suggesting context dependence and potential associational resistance. Further, the effects of plant community and distance from mound on seed harvest in mixtures differed from their effects in monospecific treatments. Beyond the local seed neighborhood, selection of seed resources is better understood by simultaneously evaluating removal at multiple scales. Associational effects provide a useful theoretical basis for better understanding harvester ant foraging decisions. These results demonstrate the importance of ecological context for seed removal, which has implications for seed pools, plant populations and communities. C1 [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Klinger, Rob] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Ostoja, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. EM sostoja@usgs.gov RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Dept of Agriculture [2001-52103-11322]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State Univ. (USU), Logan, UT, USA, a USU Ecology Center Research Fellowship; USU School of Graduate Studies Dissertation Fellowship FX Special thanks to W. Fox for field assistance. K. Beard, C. Call, J. MacMahon and T. Monaco provided helpful comments. This research was supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Dept of Agriculture, under Agreement no. 2001-52103-11322, the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State Univ. (USU), Logan, UT, USA, a USU Ecology Center Research Fellowship (to SMO), and a USU School of Graduate Studies Dissertation Fellowship (to SMO). Approved as UAES journal paper no. 8169. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2013 VL 122 IS 4 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.19969.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UU UT WOS:000316695500009 ER PT J AU Pastor, J De Jager, NR AF Pastor, John De Jager, Nathan R. TI Simulated responses of moose populations to browsing-induced changes in plant architecture and forage production SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING MOOSE; ISLE-ROYALE; BOREAL FOREST; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ACCOMPANIED CHANGES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NATIONAL-PARK; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY AB We and others have previously shown that browsing by large mammalian herbivores can alter the fractal dimension and other architectural properties of plant crowns. Using data from an experiment in northern Sweden which manipulated moose population densities from 0 to 50 moose per 1000 ha and measured architectural responses of birch, Betula pendula and B. pubescens, and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, we constructed a simulation model to examine how these changes in plant crown architecture affect moose population dynamics. Architectural changes in birch tree crowns caused forage availability to increase from low to moderate moose population densities, then decline at higher densities. In contrast, forage availability of pine decreased monotonically with increasing moose population density. The model, which incorporated equations fitted to these experimental results, predicted realistic moose population densities for northern Sweden. More importantly, the model also predicted that the quadratic responses of birch crowns to moose browsing results in moose population oscillations on high productivity sites because the moose population density overshoots the maximum birch forage availability then declines. Changes in the geometry of plant canopies caused by mammalian browsers and soil fertility may feed back on the population dynamics of the browsers themselves and even result in complex dynamics such as population oscillations. C1 [Pastor, John] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [De Jager, Nathan R.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. RP Pastor, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM jpastor@d.umn.edu RI Pastor, John/F-6241-2011; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU US National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program FX This research was supported through a grant from the US National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program. The support of this program is greatly appreciated. We also thank our Swedish colleagues, Kjell Danell and Inga-Lill Persson, for their assistance and encouragement on this research. Helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript were received from John Bryant. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2013 VL 122 IS 4 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20960.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UU UT WOS:000316695500010 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Turluck, TD AF Howard, Rebecca J. Turluck, Theodore D. TI Phragmites australis Expansion in a Restored Brackish Marsh: Documentation at Different Time Scales SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Dredged sediment; Invasive species; Phragmites australis; Plant growth; Wetland restoration ID COMMON REED; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-AMERICA; TIDAL MARSHES; INVASION; WETLANDS; POACEAE; SPREAD; HAPLOTYPE; GENOTYPE AB Invasive plants in restored habitats can alter the system such that restoration goals are not met. Non-native lineages of Phragmites australis (hereafter Phragmites) are invasive in North American wetlands, and their presence can be problematic because of decreased species diversity and altered physicochemical processes. Phragmites is a challenging species for restoration because both native and non-native lineages can co-occur. We documented Phragmites expansion in a brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA that was restored with dredged sediments. Invasive Phragmites clones were inadvertently planted at the site. Phragmites expansion was documented through field measurements and aerial imagery. No growth differences were apparent between lineages during the first growing season. Horizontal expansion of 2.27 +/- 0.15 m (mean +/- 1SE) 5 months after planting occurred through rhizome growth. Seven years after planting, three patches with a combined aerial cover of about 0.7 ha were delineated. The study verified that Phragmites can grow relatively rapidly and persist on dredged sediments. Long-term rapid growth of invasive Phragmites may be a positive attribute in areas subject to high erosion and subsidence rates, despite reductions in species diversity. Acceptability of the presence of invasive Phragmites will depend on restoration goals. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Turluck, Theodore D.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0368-7 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000002 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Effects of Hydrologic Connectivity and Environmental Variables on Nekton Assemblage in a Coastal Marsh System SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Chenier Plain marsh; Nekton assemblage; Hydrologic connectivity; Pond characteristics ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SALT-MARSH; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SALINITY TOLERANCE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; RUPPIA-MARITIMA; LOUISIANA AB Hydrologic connectivity and environmental variation can influence nekton assemblages in coastal ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected pond: PCP; temporary connected pond: TCP), salinity, vegetation coverage, water depth and other environmental variables on seasonal nekton assemblages in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes of the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, USA. We hypothesize that 1) nekton assemblages in PCPs have higher metrics (density, biomass, assemblage similarity) than TCPs within all marsh types and 2) no nekton species would be dominant across all marsh types. In throw traps, freshwater PCPs in Fall (36.0 +/- 1.90) and Winter 2009 (43.2 +/- 22.36) supported greater biomass than freshwater TCPs (Fall 2009: 9.1 +/- 4.65; Winter 2009: 8.3 +/- 3.42). In minnow traps, saline TCPs (5.9 +/- 0.85) in Spring 2009 had higher catch per unit effort than saline PCPs (0.7 +/- 0.67). Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as freshwater marsh PCPs had greater assemblage similarity than TCPs. As predicted by our second hypothesis, no nekton species dominated across all marsh types. Nekton assemblages were structured by individual species responses to the salinity gradient as well as pond habitat attributes (submerged aquatic vegetation coverage, dissolved oxygen, hydrologic connectivity). C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Rm 315,RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM skang1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant; International Crane Foundation FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with support also from the International Crane Foundation. We thank M. La Peyre, J. A. Nyman, R. Keim, A. Rutherford, and L. Rozas for their critical insights. The authors would like to acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe, R. Cormier, M. Huber, and A. Williamson. In addition, we extend gratitude to M. Kaller for statistical assistance. Collections were made under Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use protocol (#AE2008-012). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0386-0 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000013 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Barichivich, WJ Brown, ME Scott, DE Hossack, BR AF Walls, Susan C. Barichivich, William J. Brown, Mary E. Scott, David E. Hossack, Blake R. TI Influence of Drought on Salamander Occupancy of Isolated Wetlands on the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Drought; Mole salamander; Occupancy dynamics; Pond-breeding amphibians; Wetland hydrology ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORARY POND; ENERGY-FLOW; CLIMATE; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS; CONSERVATION AB In the southeastern U.S., changes in temperature and precipitation over the last three decades have been the most dramatic in winter and spring seasons. Continuation of these trends could negatively impact pond-breeding amphibians, especially those that rely on winter and spring rains to fill seasonal wetlands, trigger breeding, and ensure reproductive success. From 2009 to 2012, we monitored Spring and Fall presence of aquatic stages (larval and paedomorphic, gilled adult) of a winter-breeding amphibian (the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum) and used multi-season models to estimate occupancy, local colonization and extinction. Seasonal estimates of occupancy, corrected for imperfect detection, declined from 22.3 % of ponds in Spring 2009 to 9.9 % in Fall 2012. Our best supported model suggested that changes in occupancy were driven by increased rates of extinction that corresponded with drought-related drying of ponds. Based on uncertainty in climate change projections for the Southeast, we present a conceptual model of predicted changes in wetland hydroperiods across a landscape with projected decreases and increases in future precipitation. Such precipitation changes could alter wetland hydroperiods, facilitate extinctions of species adapted to short, intermediate or long hydroperiod environments and, ultimately, modify the composition of amphibian communities within freshwater wetland ecosystems. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Scott, David E.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Brown, Mary E.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; U. S. Department of Energy [DEFC09-07SR22506] FX Field work was supported by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This research was conducted with permits from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (permit no. WX08477), St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (416402009- 09) and the USGS Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (USGS/FISC 2006-04 andUSGS/SESC 2010-01). D. Scottwas partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Award Number DEFC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. We thank L. Ball, D. Calhoun, A. Cressler, D. Gregoire, D. Gualtieri, J. Riley, J. Staiger and M. Randall for field assistance; D. Miller for suggestions on occupancy modeling; and C. K. Dodd, Jr. and J. Mitchell for commenting on earlier versions of the manuscript. Many of the ideas about the effects of climate change on pond-breeding amphibians presented herein were derived from discussions with K. Buhlmann, C. K. Dodd, Jr., K. Haag, S. Lance, J. Mitchell, S. Richter, and B. Taylor. We are grateful to them for sharing their thoughts and ideas. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is contribution 429 of the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0391-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000015 ER PT J AU Miller, DM Oviatt, CG McGeehin, JP AF Miller, David M. Oviatt, Charles G. McGeehin, John P. TI Stratigraphy and chronology of Provo shoreline deposits and lake-level implications, Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA SO BOREAS LA English DT Article ID UINTA MOUNTAINS; COSMOGENIC HE-3; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UPPER-MANTLE; UTAH; CONSTRAINTS; VISCOSITY; SURFACES; CYCLES; AGE AB Miller, D. M., Oviatt, C. G. & McGeehin, J. P. 2013 (April): Stratigraphy and chronology of Provo shoreline deposits and lake-level implications, Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA. Boreas, Vol. 42, pp. 342-361. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00297.x. ISSN 0300-9483. The Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville formed following the Bonneville flood, and, based on previous dating, was formed during a period of overflow from about 17.5 to 15.0 cal. ka. In many places the Provo shoreline consists of a pair of distinct shorelines, one approximate to 3m higher than the other. We present data from two cuts through double beaches to show that the upper beach is younger and represents sedimentation after a lake-level rise. In addition, the lower beach deposits are internally stratified by beds that suggest three more lake-level rises during its development. The Provo beach complex thus appears to have been built during rising lake levels, which can be explained by rises in the overflow threshold by sequential landslide deposition. Evaluation of beach altitudes demonstrates that the two beach crests throughout the Bonneville basin experienced equivalent rebound from removal of the lake load, and therefore they formed after the rebound associated with the Bonneville flood occurred in early Provo time. However, radiocarbon ages on gastropods collected within the beach deposits suggest both that the sequence of five beach deposits formed from c.18.1 to c.17.0 cal. ka, and that the Bonneville flood occurred before 18 cal. ka. These ages are discordant with previous dates on shells within offshore sands, and raise questions about the validity of radiocarbon ages for shells in Lake Bonneville as well as about the age of the Bonneville flood and Provo shoreline. The timing for maximum Provo lake depths and its association with climate stages during deglaciation remain unresolved. C1 [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmiller@usgs.gov; joviatt@ksu.edu; mcgeehin@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9483 EI 1502-3885 J9 BOREAS JI Boreas PD APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 342 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00297.x PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 109CM UT WOS:000316342800008 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Rutz, DS Ivey, SS Dunker, KJ Gross, JA AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Rutz, David S. Ivey, Sam S. Dunker, Kristine J. Gross, Jackson A. TI Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; diet; Esox lucius; Northern pike; prey-specific abundance; salmon; Susitna River ID LATES-NILOTICUS; ESOX-LUCIUS; NILE PERCH; FISH; LAKE; INVASION; BEHAVIOR; SMOLTS; RIVER; SIZE AB Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape-width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Gross, Jackson A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Rutz, David S.; Ivey, Sam S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Dunker, Kristine J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [44609] FX This study was funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (Project # 44609). We thank Alaska Department Fish & Game's Division of Commercial Fisheries (Soldotna, AK) and Division of Sport Fisheries (Palmer, AK) and Bob Pence (Alaska Pike Hunters) for providing logistical and technical support in the field. We thank Joshua Bishoff, Adrian Baer, Kasaan Brandel, Kiche Brandel, Eric Hollerback, Don Reeves and Matt Warnke for help in the field. We also thank Erik Schoen and Bob Gresswell for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.1111/eff.12024 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 108HK UT WOS:000316283000010 ER PT J AU Allert, AL DiStefano, RJ Fairchild, JF Schmitt, CJ Mckee, MJ Girondo, JA Brumbaugh, WG May, TW AF Allert, A. L. DiStefano, R. J. Fairchild, J. F. Schmitt, C. J. McKee, M. J. Girondo, J. A. Brumbaugh, W. G. May, T. W. TI Effects of historical lead-zinc mining on riffle-dwelling benthic fish and crayfish in the Big River of southeastern Missouri, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lead-zinc mining; Benthic fish; Crayfish; Orconectes hylas; Orconectes luteus; In situ toxicity ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; LOTIC CRAYFISH; COTTUS-BAIRDI; 3 GENERATIONS; CADMIUM; METALS; STREAM; EXPOSURE; INVERTEBRATES AB The Big River (BGR) drains much of the Old Lead Belt mining district (OLB) in southeastern Missouri, USA, which was historically among the largest producers of lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) ore in the world. We sampled benthic fish and crayfish in riffle habitats at eight sites in the BGR and conducted 56-day in situ exposures to the woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas) and golden crayfish (Orconectes luteus) in cages at four sites affected to differing degrees by mining. Densities of fish and crayfish, physical habitat and water quality, and the survival and growth of caged crayfish were examined at sites with no known upstream mining activities (i.e., reference sites) and at sites downstream of mining areas (i.e., mining and downstream sites). Lead, zinc, and cadmium were analyzed in surface and pore water, sediment, detritus, fish, crayfish, and other benthic macro-invertebrates. Metals concentrations in all materials analyzed were greater at mining and downstream sites than at reference sites. Ten species of fish and four species of crayfish were collected. Fish and crayfish densities were significantly greater at reference than mining or downstream sites, and densities were greater at downstream than mining sites. Survival of caged crayfish was significantly lower at mining sites than reference sites; downstream sites were not tested. Chronic toxic-unit scores and sediment probable effects quotients indicated significant risk of toxicity to fish and crayfish, and metals concentrations in crayfish were sufficiently high to represent a risk to wildlife at mining and downstream sites. Collectively, the results provided direct evidence that metals associated with historical mining activities in the OLB continue to affect aquatic life in the BGR. C1 [Allert, A. L.; Fairchild, J. F.; Schmitt, C. J.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; May, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, R. J.; McKee, M. J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, R. J.; McKee, M. J.] Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Girondo, J. A.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Forestry Off, Sullivan, MO 63080 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov FU USGS; U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program; MDC; MDNR FX We thank the private landowners who allowed access to these streams. We thank D. Mosby and J. Weber of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and M. Reed and K. Meneau of the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) for help in identifying sampling locations and in sample collection. Personnel from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), MDC, Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), and an American Fisheries Society Hutton Junior Biologist assisted with field collection and laboratory analyses. We thank M. Struckhoff for his assistance with Fig. 1. We thank K. Buhl and N. Kemble and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This study was jointly funded by USGS, the U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, MDC, and MDNR. This report has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10646-013-1043-3 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 108GW UT WOS:000316281300007 PM 23435650 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Stillings, LL Amacher, MC Ippolito, JA DeCrappeo, NM AF Blecker, S. W. Stillings, L. L. Amacher, M. C. Ippolito, J. A. DeCrappeo, N. M. TI Development and application of a soil organic matter-based soil quality index in mineralized terrane of the Western US SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Soil quality; Organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Soil enzymes ID BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GREAT-BASIN; REGRESSION; SAMPLES AB Soil quality indices provide a means of distilling large amounts of data into a single metric that evaluates the soil's ability to carry out key ecosystem functions. Primarily developed in agroecosytems, then forested ecosystems, an index using the relation between soil organic matter and other key soil properties in more semi-arid systems of the Western US impacted by different geologic mineralization was developed. Three different sites in two different mineralization types, acid sulfate and Cu/Mo porphyry in California and Nevada, were studied. Soil samples were collected from undisturbed soils in both mineralized and nearby unmineralized terrane as well as waste rock and tailings. Eight different microbial parameters (carbon substrate utilization, microbial biomass-C, mineralized-C, mineralized-N and enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate) along with a number of physicochemical parameters were measured. Multiple linear regression models between these parameters and both total organic carbon and total nitrogen were developed, using the ratio of predicted to measured values as the soil quality index. In most instances, pooling unmineralized and mineralized soil data within a given study site resulted in lower model correlations. Enzyme activity was a consistent explanatory variable in the models across the study sites. Though similar indicators were significant in models across different mineralization types, pooling data across sites inhibited model differentiation of undisturbed and disturbed sites. This procedure could be used to monitor recovery of disturbed systems in mineralized terrane and help link scientific and management disciplines. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Stillings, L. L.] USGS, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Amacher, M. C.] US Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [DeCrappeo, N. M.] USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Blecker, SW (reprint author), USGS, 1664 N Virginia St,MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM steven.blecker@gmail.com NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1901 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1876-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 106DE UT WOS:000316121300006 ER PT J AU Wilde, GR Pope, KL AF Wilde, G. R. Pope, K. L. TI Worldwide trends in fishing interest indicated by internet search volume SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anglers; angling; Google Insights for Search; recreational fishing; salience ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; UNITED-STATES; INSIGHTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; MEDIA AB There is a growing body of literature that shows internet search volume on a topic, such as fishing, is a viable measure of salience. Herein, internet search volume for fishing' and angling' is used as a measure of public interest in fishing, in particular, recreational fishing. An online tool, Google Insights for Search, which allows one to study internet search terms and their volume since 2004, is used to examine trends in interest in fishing for 50 countries. Trends in normalised fishing search volume, during 2004 through 2011, varied from a 72.6% decrease (Russian Federation) to a 133.7% increase (Hungary). Normalised fishing search volume declined in 40 (80%) of the countries studied. The decline has been relatively large in English-speaking countries, but also has been large in Central and South American, and European countries. Analyses of search queries provide a low-cost means of gaining insight into angler interests and, possibly, behaviour in countries around the world. C1 [Wilde, G. R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Wilde, GR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM gene.wilde@ttu.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1111/fme.12009 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 106EK UT WOS:000316125200011 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Raby, GD Donaldson, MR Hinch, SG O'Connor, CM Arlinghaus, R Danylchuk, AJ Hanson, KC Clark, TD Patterson, DA AF Cooke, S. J. Raby, G. D. Donaldson, M. R. Hinch, S. G. O'Connor, C. M. Arlinghaus, R. Danylchuk, A. J. Hanson, K. C. Clark, T. D. Patterson, D. A. TI The physiological consequences of catch-and-release angling: perspectives on experimental design, interpretation, extrapolation and relevance to stakeholders SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bycatch; conservation physiology; discards; recreational fisheries; stress ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; WILD RAINBOW-TROUT; ADULT COHO SALMON; LARGEMOUTH BASS; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; ATLANTIC SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Over the past 20years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of physiological tools and experimental approaches for the study of the biological consequences of catch-and-release angling practices for fishes. Beyond simply documenting problems, physiological data are also being used to test and refine different strategies for handling fish such that stress is minimised and survival probability maximised, and in some cases, even for assessing and facilitating recovery post-release. The inherent sensitivity of physiological processes means that nearly every study conducted has found some level of unavoidable physiological disturbance arising from recreational capture and subsequent release. An underlying tenet of catch-and-release studies that incorporate physiological tools is that a link exists between physiological status and fitness. In reality, finding such relationships has been elusive, with further extensions of individual-level impacts to fish populations even more dubious. A focus of this article is to describe some of the challenges related to experimental design and interpretation that arise when using physiological tools for the study of the biological consequences of catch-and-release angling. Means of overcoming these challenges and the extrapolation of physiological data from individuals to the population level are discussed. The argument is presented that even if it is difficult to demonstrate strong links to mortality or other fitness measures, let alone population-level impacts of catch-and-release, there remains merit in using physiological tools as objective indicators of fish welfare, which is an increasing concern in recreational fisheries. The overarching objective of this paper is to provide a balanced critique of the use of physiological approaches in catch-and-release science and of their role in providing meaningful information for anglers and managers. C1 [Cooke, S. J.; Raby, G. D.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Donaldson, M. R.; Hinch, S. G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [O'Connor, C. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arlinghaus, R.] Humboldt Univ, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Danylchuk, A. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hanson, K. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. [Clark, T. D.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Patterson, D. A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cooperat Resource Management Inst, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Inst Environm Sci, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Steven_Cooke@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010; OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Raby, Graham/0000-0002-0549-4017; Donaldson, Michael/0000-0002-1178-5988 FU Canada Research Chairs Program; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC graduate scholarships; Eastburn Fellowship from McMaster University; National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987]; NSERC; Environmental Watch Program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; project Besatzfisch [01UU0907]; Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the Program on Social-Ecological Research FX SJC was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. MRD and GDR were supported by NSERC graduate scholarships. CMO is supported by the Eastburn Fellowship from McMaster University. AJD was supported by the National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987). SGH was supported by NSERC. DAP is supported by the Environmental Watch Program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. RA was funded through the project Besatzfisch (grant no. 01UU0907) granted by the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the Program on Social-Ecological Research. NR 138 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 268 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2012.00867.x PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 106EK UT WOS:000316125200016 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Andersen, David E. TI Testing common assumptions in studies of songbird nest success SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE fledgling; Golden-winged Warbler; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla; telemetry; Vermivora chrysoptera ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; HABITAT QUALITY; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; BREEDING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSHES; PREDATION; POPULATION; OVENBIRD; SIZE; MANAGEMENT AB We studied Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla and Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera populations in northern Minnesota, USA, to test two common assumptions in studies of songbird nest success: (1) that the condition of an empty nest on or near its expected fledge date is an indicator of nest fate; and (2) that the presence of a fledgling or family group within a territory confirms a successful nest in that territory. We monitored the condition of nests and used radiotelemetry to monitor juveniles through the expected fledging date and early post-fledging period. Of nests that contained nestlings 12days before the expected fledge date, fates were misidentified using nest condition alone for 9.5% of Ovenbird nests, but those misidentifications were made in both directions (succeeded or failed), yielding only a small bias in estimated nest success. However, 20% of Golden-winged Warbler nests were misidentified as successful using nest condition during the final visit interval, biasing the nest success estimate upward by 2128% depending on the treatment of uncertain nest fates. Fledgling Ovenbirds from 58% of nests travelled beyond their natal territory within 24h, rising to 98% after 5days, and those fledglings travelled up to 390m from nests within 10days of fledging. Fledgling Golden-winged Warblers from 13% of nests travelled beyond their natal territory within 24h, rising to 85% after 5 days, and those fledglings travelled up to 510m from nests within 10days of fledging. We conclude that nest condition and fledgling presence can be misleading indicators of nest fate, probably commonly biasing nest success estimates upward, and we recommend that these assumptions should be tested in additional species. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey through Research Work at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73, 87]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; US Forest Service FX These data were collected during projects funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey through Research Work Order Nos. 73 and 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with additional funding from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and in-kind support from the US Forest Service. We captured, handled, ringed and harnessed radio-transmitters to birds following IACUC Protocols #0806A35761 and #1004A80575, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to Francesca Cuthbert, Douglas Johnson, James Manolis, Jeanine Refsnider, and especially Ian Stewart and two anonymous reviewers for thorough and constructive comments on multiple drafts of the manuscript, and Richard Carr, Lauren Deets, Dianne Dessecker, Allison Edmond, Alexander Fish, Roxanne Franta, Callie Gesmundo, Jessica Hammers, Kelly Icknayan, Michael Johnson, Gunnar Kramer, Justin Lehman, Tara McAllister, Eric Michel, Adrian Monroe, Sean Peterson, Andrew Rehmann, Jeanine Refsnider, Emily Sinnot and Wu Udyend for assistance with field data collection. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2013 VL 155 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/ibi.12018 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WN UT WOS:000316327000009 ER PT J AU Dinets, V AF Dinets, Vladimir TI Crane dances as play behaviour SO IBIS LA English DT Article C1 Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Dinets, V (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM dinets@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2013 VL 155 IS 2 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1111/ibi.12037 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WN UT WOS:000316327000021 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, L. E. Killgore, K. J. TI Entrainment of shovelnose sturgeon by towboat navigation in the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; HARVEST; FISHES; SYSTEM; RATES; POPULATIONS; PROPELLERS AB Estimated number of shovelnose sturgeonScaphirhynchus platorynchusimpacted annually by towboat entrainment in navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River were compared against estimates of fishery harvest and ambient population densities to evaluate the relevance of entrainment at the population level. Mean number of sturgeon entrained per kilometer of navigation was estimated at 0.02, and mean number entrained annually considering towboat traffic was estimated at 0.38sturgeon/ha. Losses associated with entrainment were mostly lower than fishery harvest, although differences were not large. The two sources of mortality combined could potentially reduce themature adult population to a level where it no longer has the reproductive capacity to replenish itself. Thus, through a combination of entrainment and fishing mortality shovelnose sturgeon may be looming near unsustainable population levels. These estimates are preliminary considering the many uncertainties associated with quantifying entrainment and its effects. Additional research is needed not only to derive better estimates, but also to develop options for managing entrainment. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District, and conducted by the Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center. Technical support was provided by Mark Cornish and Thomas Keevin, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Q. Phelps, S. Riffel, H. Schramm, and I. Vining provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Permission to publish this document was given by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1111/jai.12132 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107NH UT WOS:000316223900003 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Regish, AM Christensen, AK Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, Stephen D. Regish, Amy M. Christensen, Arne K. Bjoernsson, Bjoern Thrandur TI Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE osmoregulation; ion transport; ionocyte; Salmo salar ID CFTR ANION CHANNEL; CHLORIDE CELLS; NA+/K+-ATPASE; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH-HORMONE; COHO SALMON; K-ATPASE; GILL; SALAR; SALINITY AB Freshwater and seawater isoforms of the alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) have previously been identified in gill ionocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In the present study we examine the abundance and cellular localization of these isoforms during the parr-smolt transformation, a developmental process that is preparatory for seawater entry. The abundance of NKA alpha 1a was lower in smolts than in parr, remained relatively constant during spring and decreased in summer. NKA alpha 1b increased tenfold in smolts during spring, peaking in late April, coincident with downstream migration and increased salinity tolerance. NKA alpha 1b increased a further twofold after seawater exposure of smolts, whereas NKA alpha 1a decreased by 98%. The abundance of NKA alpha 1b-positive, and NKA alpha 1b and NKA alpha 1a co-labeled ionocytes increased during smolt development, whereas the number of NKA alpha 1a cells decreased. After seawater exposure of smolts, NKA alpha 1b-positive ionocytes increased, NKA alpha 1a-positive cells decreased, and co-labeled cells disappeared. Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during spring in smolts, but not in parr, peaking just prior to the highest levels of NKA alpha 1b. The results indicate that the increase in the abundance of NKA alpha 1b during smolt development is directly linked to the increase in salinity tolerance that occurs at this stage, but that significant changes also occur after seawater exposure. Spring increases in circulating levels of growth hormone and cortisol indicate that these hormones may be instrumental in upregulating NKA alpha 1b during smolt development. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Regish, Amy M.; Christensen, Arne K.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.; Christensen, Arne K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bjoernsson, Bjoern Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu OI Christensen, Arne/0000-0002-5139-3479; Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35206-18782] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35206-18782 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 56 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 216 IS 7 BP 1142 EP 1151 DI 10.1242/jeb.080440 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 106BC UT WOS:000316115400011 PM 23487266 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Powell, LA Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Powell, Larkin A. Pope, Kevin L. TI Habitat selection by adult walleye during spawning season in irrigation reservoirs: a patch occupancy modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sander vitreus; Detection probability; Occupancy probability; Habitat improvement ID LAKE; TRIBUTARY; RATES AB Recruitment of walleye (Sander vitreus Mitchill) is limited in irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River basin in southwestern Nebraska. The causal mechanism for this limited recruitment is unknown, but may be related to a lack of suitable spawning habitat. Patch occupancy models were developed to describe variation in detection probability and habitat selection during spawning season using shoreline electrofishing data. Detection of adult walleye was negatively affected by water temperature, silt substrate, and woody cover. Adult walleye selected sites with cooler water temperatures and greater fetch at Enders Reservoir, and large rock substrate and no cover at Hugh Butler Lake; these characteristics are limited to areas on or near the riprap dams in both reservoirs. Walleye eggs were also only found in these areas. We conclude that patch occupancy modeling provided valuable information when considering habitat improvement projects and propose a management approach for the addition of walleye spawning habitat in irrigation reservoirs. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Powell, Larkin A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 013 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-174-R]; Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish; Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Chris Lewis and many volunteers for assistance with field work. We also thank Mark Fincel and Mark Pegg for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-174-R, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. LAP's contribution was supported by Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or any U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9939-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099BW UT WOS:000315595200001 ER PT J AU Murrow, JL Thatcher, CA van Manen, FT Clark, JD AF Murrow, Jennifer L. Thatcher, Cindy A. van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. TI A Data-Based Conservation Planning Tool for Florida Panthers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Puma concolor coryi; Florida panther; Habitat model; Mahalanobis distance ID HOME-RANGE ANALYSIS; HABITAT USE; MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE; LOCATION ERROR; MODEL; ESTIMATORS; WILDLIFE; SYSTEM; SIZE; GIS AB Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). We developed a data-based habitat model and user-friendly interface so that land managers can objectively evaluate Florida panther habitat. We used a geographic information system (GIS) and the Mahalanobis distance statistic (D (2)) to develop a model based on broad-scale landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. Variables in our model were Euclidean distance to natural land cover, road density, distance to major roads, human density, amount of natural land cover, amount of semi-natural land cover, amount of permanent or semi-permanent flooded area-open water, and a cost-distance variable. We then developed a Florida Panther Habitat Estimator tool, which automates and replicates the GIS processes used to apply the statistical habitat model. The estimator can be used by persons with moderate GIS skills to quantify effects of land-use changes on panther habitat at local and landscape scales. Example applications of the tool are presented. C1 [Murrow, Jennifer L.; Thatcher, Cindy A.; van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey. We thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Park Service for providing telemetry data. We thank Chris Belden of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for his help and support throughout the study. We also thank Jean Freeney of US Geological Survey, National Biological Information Infrastructure, for her assistance. We thank Chris Belden, Cindy Schultz, and Brad Rieck of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Darrell Land of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; and a number of anonymous reviewers of our final report for providing helpful suggestions and comments on the habitat model. The use of trade names is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the University of Tennessee or the US Geological Survey of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. For further information on the Florida Panther Habitat Estimator, users should contact USFWS, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach, Florida 32960. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD APR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10666-012-9336-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099DR UT WOS:000315600500004 ER PT J AU Sheehan, KR Strager, MP Welsh, SA AF Sheehan, Kenneth R. Strager, Michael P. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Advantages of Geographically Weighted Regression for Modeling Benthic Substrate in Two Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Geographically weighted regression; Ordinary least squares regression; Stream; River; Modeling; Regression fit; Stream management; Stream habitat assessment ID SPATIAL NON-STATIONARITY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; AUTOCORRELATION; CLASSIFICATION; CONSEQUENCES; DYNAMICS AB Stream habitat assessments are commonplace in fish management, and often involve nonspatial analysis methods for quantifying or predicting habitat, such as ordinary least squares regression (OLS). Spatial relationships, however, often exist among stream habitat variables. For example, water depth, water velocity, and benthic substrate sizes within streams are often spatially correlated and may exhibit spatial nonstationarity or inconsistency in geographic space. Thus, analysis methods should address spatial relationships within habitat datasets. In this study, OLS and a recently developed method, geographically weighted regression (GWR), were used to model benthic substrate from water depth and water velocity data at two stream sites within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. For data collection, each site was represented by a grid of 0.1 m(2) cells, where actual values of water depth, water velocity, and benthic substrate class were measured for each cell. Accuracies of regressed substrate class data by OLS and GWR methods were calculated by comparing maps, parameter estimates, and determination coefficient r (2). For analysis of data from both sites, Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for sample size indicated the best approximating model for the data resulted from GWR and not from OLS. Adjusted r (2) values also supported GWR as a better approach than OLS for prediction of substrate. This study supports GWR (a spatial analysis approach) over nonspatial OLS methods for prediction of habitat for stream habitat assessments. C1 [Sheehan, Kenneth R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Strager, Michael P.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sheehan, KR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ken.r.sheehan@gmail.com NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD APR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10666-012-9334-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099DR UT WOS:000315600500008 ER PT J AU D'Odorico, P He, YF Collins, S De Wekker, SFJ Engel, V Fuentes, JD AF D'Odorico, Paolo He, Yufei Collins, Scott De Wekker, Stephan F. J. Engel, Vic Fuentes, Jose D. TI Vegetation-microclimate feedbacks in woodland-grassland ecotones SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Alternative stable states; ecosystem engineering; mangrove-marsh transition; shrub encroachment; tree line; vegetation-microclimate feedback; woodland-grassland ecotone ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NORWAY SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; OF-MEXICO COAST; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE-LINE; ALPINE-TREELINE; MANGROVE FOREST; BOREAL FOREST AB Aim Climatic conditions exert a strong control on the geographic distribution of many woodland-to-grassland transition zones (or tree lines'). Because woody plants have, in general, a weaker cold tolerance than herbaceous vegetation, their altitudinal or latitudinal limits are strongly controlled by cold sensitivity. While temperature controls on the dynamics of woodlandgrassland ecotones are relatively well established, the ability of woody plants to modify their microclimate and to create habitat for seedling establishment and growth may involve a variety of processes that are still not completely understood. Here we investigate feedbacks between vegetation and microclimatic conditions in the proximity to woodlandgrassland ecotones. Location We concentrate on arctic and alpine tree lines, the transition between mangrove forests and salt marshes in coastal ecosystems, and the shift from shrubland to grassland along temperature gradients in arid landscapes. Methods We review the major abiotic and biotic mechanisms underlying the ability of woody plants to alter the nocturnal microclimate by increasing the temperatures they are exposed to. Results We find that in many arctic, alpine, desert and coastal landscapes the presence of trees or shrubs causes nocturnal warming thereby favouring the establishment and survival of woody plants. Main conclusion Because of this feedback, trees and shrubs may establish in areas that would be otherwise unsuitable for their survival. Thus, in grasslandwoodland transition zones both vegetation covers may be (alternative) stable states of the landscape, thereby affecting the way tree lines may migrate in response to regional and global climate change. C1 [D'Odorico, Paolo; He, Yufei; De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Collins, Scott] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Engel, Vic] South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. [Engel, Vic] USGS, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP D'Odorico, P (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd,Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM paolo@virginia.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; De Wekker, Stephan/0000-0002-6343-854X FU [NSF-DEB-0743678]; [NSF-DEB-0620482] FX This research was supported by NSF-DEB-0743678 and the NSF-DEB-0620482 to the University of New Mexico for Long-Term Ecological Research. NR 144 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 19 U2 199 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 364 EP 379 DI 10.1111/geb.12000 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 102RX UT WOS:000315862800001 ER PT J AU Bork, SP Pypker, TG Corace, RG Chimner, RA Maclean, AL Hribljan, JA AF Bork, S. P. Pypker, T. G. Corace, R. G., III Chimner, R. A. Maclean, A. L. Hribljan, J. A. TI A Case Study in Large-scale Wetland Restoration at Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Michigan, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FIRE HISTORY; FEN; FOREST; SEDGE; DECOMPOSITION; REVEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PEATLANDS; SPHAGNUM; RECOVERY AB A large wetland drainage project was initiated in 1912 near the town of Seney, Michigan, U.S.A. This project included the construction of a series of ditches through a large peatland to drain the land for agricultural use. The largest of these ditches was the 35 km long Walsh Ditch. Much of the drained wetland affected by the Walsh Ditch is now managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of Seney National Wildlife Refuge. Between 2002-2003, nine large earthen ditch plugs were installed along a 4.5 km section of the ditch in an attempt to restore the hydrological and ecological integrity of the approximately 1400 ha of wetlands and streams. This study explores the effects that the ditch plugs had on the hydrology and vegetation structure of the adjacent landscape 8y later. Plot level measurements (707 m(2) plots) of hydrology and vegetation, combined with an analysis of land cover change using aerial imagery, indicated that the ditch plugs had been successful in altering the hydrology and vegetation over portions of the area. Mortality of upland tree species more typical of xeric conditions and colonization by typical wetland species indicated that these sites should continue to develop into wetland ecosystems. Land cover change analysis showed an increase in wetland area of 152 ha. The areas of change were concentrated near the plugged ditch and near a large anthropogenic pool. C1 [Bork, S. P.; Pypker, T. G.; Chimner, R. A.; Maclean, A. L.; Hribljan, J. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Corace, R. G., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. RP Pypker, TG (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM tgpypker@mtu.edu FU Michigan Technological University; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Region, Seney NWR FX The mastermind of the Walsh Ditch Project was Michael Tansy (retired). The ditch plugs were not possible without the contribution of Lawrenze Zellar and Terry Papple (both retired). Walt Loope and Angie Lucas collected pretreatment data. The authors appreciate the support of the staff of Seney NWR, especially Mark Vaniman, Greg McClellan, and Laural Tansy. The authors would also like to thank Laura Kangas for her help with data collection, and Dr. Catherine Tarasoff for her editorial comments. We would also like to thank the reviewers and the associate editor for their very helpful comments. Funding for this project was provided by the Michigan Technological University and the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Region, Seney NWR. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 286 EP 302 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900004 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Krapu, GL Cox, RR AF Pearse, Aaron T. Krapu, Gary L. Cox, Robert R., Jr. TI Comparative Spring-Staging Ecology of Sympatric Arctic-Nesting Geese in South-Central Nebraska SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; GREATER SNOW GEESE; PINK-FOOTED GEESE; LESSER SNOW; CANADA GEESE; HABITAT USE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; RAINWATER BASIN; ROSSS GEESE; WATERFOWL AB The Rainwater Basin in Nebraska has been a historic staging area for midcontinent greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) since the 1950s and, in the mid-1990s, millions of midcontinent lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) expanded their spring migration route to include this region. In response to speculation that snow geese may be in direct competition with white-fronted geese, we compared staging ecology by quantifying diet, habitat use, movement patterns, and time budgets during springs 1998-1999. Collected white-fronted geese (n = 190) and snow geese (n = 203) consumed primarily corn (Zea mays; 97-98% aggregate dry mass) while staging in Nebraska; thus, diet overlap was nearly complete. Both species used cornfields most frequently during the morning (54-55%) and wetlands more during the afternoon (51-65%). When found grouped together, snow goose abundance was greater than white-fronted goose abundance by an average of 57 times (SE = 11, n = 131 groups) in crop fields and 28 times (SE = 9, n = 84 groups) in wetlands. Snow geese and white-fronted geese flew similar distances between roosting and feeding sites, leaving and returning to wetland roost sties at similar times in mornings and afternoons. Overlap in habitat-specific time budgets was high; resting was the most common behavior on wetlands, and foraging was a common behavior in fields. We observed 111 interspecific agonistic interactions while observing white-fronted and snow geese. White-fronted geese initiated and dominated more interactions with other waterfowl species than did snow geese (32 vs. 14%). Certain aspects of spring-staging niches (i.e., diet, habitat use, movement patterns, and habitat-specific behavior) of white-fronted and snow geese overlapped greatly at this mid-latitude staging site, creating opportunity for potential food-and habitat-based competition between species. Snow geese did not consistently dominate interactions with white-fronted geese; yet large differences in their numbers coupled with high degrees of spatial, temporal, and ecological overlap support potential for exploitative competition during years when waste corn may be in short supply and dry years when few wetlands are available for staging waterfowl. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Cox, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Rainwater Basin Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District; U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study FX We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District and U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study for funding and in-kind assistance. D. A. Brandt, R. Griebel, G. Knutsen, F. Sargeant, R. Walters and R. Woodward provided assistance during fieldwork. T. G. LaGrange, E. B. Webb, W. C. Conway, and anonymous reviewers provided comments of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900010 ER PT J AU Goodbred, SL Patino, R Orsak, E Sharma, P Ruessler, S AF Goodbred, Steven L. Patino, Reynaldo Orsak, Erik Sharma, Prakash Ruessler, Shane TI Potential for Bias in Using Hybrids Between Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Endocrine Studies: A First Report of Hybrids in Lake Mead, Nevada, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION; PATTERNS; CROSS AB During a 2008 study to assess endocrine and reproductive health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Mead, Nevada (U.S.A.) we identified two fish, one male and one female, as hybrids with goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on morphology, lateral line scale count, and lack of anterior barbels. Gross examination of the female hybrid ovaries indicated presence of vitellogenic ovarian follicles; whereas histological evaluation of the male hybrid testes showed lobule-like structures with open lumens but without germ cells, suggesting it was sterile. Because common carp/goldfish hybrids are more susceptible to gonadal tumors and may have different endocrine profiles than common carp, researchers using common carp as a model for endocrine/reproductive studies should be aware of the possible presence of hybrids. C1 [Goodbred, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Orsak, Erik] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. [Sharma, Prakash] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sharma, Prakash] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ruessler, Shane] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Goodbred, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. EM sgoodbred@usgs.gov FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided in part by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We appreciate the help and assistance of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area staff and the National Park Service. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900016 ER PT J AU Colverson, P Denny, C Craig, T Menges, ES McAllister, SW Smith, SA Klopf, R Zupko, GM Evans, C Shimp, J Frey, MN AF Colverson, Peter Denny, Christine Craig, Timothy Menges, Eric S. McAllister, Steven W. Smith, Stacy A. Klopf, Ryan Zupko, G. Michael, IV Evans, Chris Shimp, Jody Frey, Mark N. TI 39th Annual Natural Areas Conference October 9-12, 2012 Norfolk, Virginia Conference Proceedings of Oral and Poster Presentation Abstracts Abstracts SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Colverson, Peter; Denny, Christine] Normandeau Associates, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Craig, Timothy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suffolk, VA 23434 USA. [Menges, Eric S.; McAllister, Steven W.; Smith, Stacy A.] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [Klopf, Ryan] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Nat Heritage, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. [Zupko, G. Michael, IV] South Governors Assoc, Monroe, GA 30655 USA. [Evans, Chris; Shimp, Jody] Shawnee RC&D, Benton, IL 62812 USA. [Frey, Mark N.] Ctr Urban Ecol, Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Colverson, P (reprint author), Normandeau Associates, 102 NE 10th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM pcolverson@normandeau.com; Tim_craig@fws.gov; emenges@archbold-station.org; ryan.klopf@dcr.virginia.gov; mike@zup-co-inc.com; rivertoriver@gmail.com; Mark_Frey@nps.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 238 EP 251 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AQ5UW UT WOS:000342875100013 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Maichak, EJ Brennan, A Scurlock, BM Henningsen, J Luikart, G AF Cross, P. C. Maichak, E. J. Brennan, A. Scurlock, B. M. Henningsen, J. Luikart, G. TI An ecological perspective on Brucella abortus in the western United States SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Bison; Brucella abortus; Ecology; Elk; Habitat modification; Scavenger; United States; Vaccination; Yellowstone ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; FREE-RANGING ELK; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION BIOLOGY; NATIONAL-PARK; GROUP-SIZE; BISON; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; RISK AB After a hiatus during the 1990s, outbreaks of Brucella abortus in cattle are occurring more frequently in some of the western states of the United States, namely, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. This increase is coincident with increasing brucellosis seroprevalence in elk (Cervus elaphus), which is correlated with elk density. Vaccines are a seductive solution, but their use in wildlife systems remains limited by logistical, financial, and scientific constraints. Cattle vaccination is ongoing in the region. Livestock regulations, however, tend to be based on serological tests that test for previous exposure and available vaccines do not protect against seroconversion. The authors review recent ecological studies of brucellosis, with particular emphasis on the Greater Yellowstone Area, and highlight the management options and implications of this work, including the potential utility of habitat modifications and targeted hunts, as well as scavengers and predators. Finally, the authors discuss future research directions that will help us to understand and manage brucellosis in wildlife. C1 [Cross, P. C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Maichak, E. J.; Scurlock, B. M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Brennan, A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Henningsen, J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Poison, MT 59860 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, a National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health 'Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant' [DEB-1067129]; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; United States Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, a National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health 'Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant' (DEB-1067129), the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. M. Ebinger assisted with the figures. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 29 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AI4ZI UT WOS:000336874800009 PM 23837367 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NM Maksimovic, V Maksimovic, JD Orem, WH Tatu, CA Lerch, HE Bunnell, JE Kostic, EN Szilagyi, DN Paunescu, V AF Pavlovic, Nikola M. Maksimovic, Vuk Maksimovic, Jelena Dragisic Orem, William H. Tatu, Calin A. Lerch, Harry E. Bunnell, Joseph E. Kostic, Emina N. Szilagyi, Diana N. Paunescu, Virgil TI Possible health impacts of naturally occurring uptake of aristolochic acids by maize and cucumber roots: links to the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Aristolochia; Aristolochic acid; Balkan endemic nephropathy; Roots; Maize; Cucumber; Uptake; Soil; Contamination; Biogeochemistry ID CHINESE HERBS NEPHROPATHY; DNA-ADDUCTS; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; SWALLOWTAIL; COAL AB Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic derivatives found in several Aristolochia species. To date, the toxicity of AAs has been inferred only from the effects observed in patients suffering from a kidney disease called "aristolochic acid nephropathy" (AAN, formerly known as "Chinese herbs nephropathy"). More recently, the chronic poisoning with Aristolochia seeds has been considered to be the main cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy, another form of chronic renal failure resembling AAN. So far, it was assumed that AAs can enter the human food chain only through ethnobotanical use (intentional or accidental) of herbs containing self-produced AAs. We hypothesized that the roots of some crops growing in fields where Aristolochia species grew over several seasons may take up certain amounts of AAs from the soil, and thus become a secondary source of food poisoning. To verify this possibility, maize plant (Zea mays) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were used as a model to substantiate the possible significance of naturally occurring AAs' root uptake in food chain contamination. This study showed that the roots of maize plant and cucumber are capable of absorbing AAs from nutrient solution, consequently producing strong peaks on ultraviolet HPLC chromatograms of plant extracts. This uptake resulted in even higher concentrations of AAs in the roots compared to the nutrient solutions. To further validate the measurement of AA content in the root material, we also measured their concentrations in nutrient solutions before and after the plant treatment. Decreased concentrations of both AAI and AAII were found in nutrient solutions after plant growth. During this short-term experiment, there were much lower concentrations of AAs in the leaves than in the roots. The question is whether these plants are capable of transferring significant amounts of AAs from the roots into edible parts of the plant during prolonged experiments. C1 [Pavlovic, Nikola M.] Univ Nis, Fac Med, Inst Biomed Res, Nish, Serbia. [Maksimovic, Vuk; Maksimovic, Jelena Dragisic] Inst Multidisciplinary Res, Belgrade 11030, Serbia. [Orem, William H.; Tatu, Calin A.; Lerch, Harry E.; Bunnell, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tatu, Calin A.] Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Biol, Timisoara 300708, Romania. [Kostic, Emina N.] Ctr Clin, Clin Nephrol, Nish, Serbia. [Szilagyi, Diana N.] Emergency Cty Hosp, Dept Pathol, Timisoara, Romania. [Paunescu, Virgil] Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Immunol, Timisoara, Romania. RP Tatu, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nikpavster@gmail.com; maxivuk@cms.bg.ac.yu; draxy@cms.bg.ac.yu; borem@usgs.gov; geomed88@gmail.com; tlerch@usgs.gov; jbunnell@usgs.gov; nmp01@ptt.yu; diana_szilagyi@yahoo.com; vpaunescu@presidency.ro OI Dragisic Maksimovic, Jelena/0000-0002-2943-289X; Maksimovic, Vuk/0000-0002-9883-186X FU Serbian Ministry of Science [143020B]; US Geological Survey (Reston, VA, USA); University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; NATO (CLG grant) [980104] FX This work was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science (grant 143020B). All the experiments were performed on equipment provided by the Institute for Multidisciplinary Research and Serbian Ministry of Science. Part of this work was supported by grants from the US Geological Survey (Reston, VA, USA), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, and NATO (CLG grant # 980104). NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD APR PY 2013 VL 35 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10653-012-9477-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 099CM UT WOS:000315596900005 PM 22851152 ER PT J AU Pawlewicz, M Hackley, PC AF Pawlewicz, Mark Hackley, Paul C. TI Special Issue Advances in Organic Petrology Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pawlewicz, Mark] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Pawlewicz, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pawlewicz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2013 VL 108 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.007 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 110GD UT WOS:000316429700001 ER PT J AU Ji, KH Herring, TA Llenos, AL AF Ji, Kang Hyeun Herring, Thomas A. Llenos, Andrea L. TI Near real-time monitoring of volcanic surface deformation from GPS measurements at Long Valley Caldera, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; STRESS; MODELS; UNREST; INSAR AB Long Valley Caldera in eastern California is an active volcanic area and has shown continued unrest in the last three decades. We have monitored surface deformation from Global Positioning System (GPS) data by using a projection method that we call Targeted Projection Operator (TPO). TPO projects residual time series with secular rates and periodic terms removed onto a predefined spatial pattern. We used the 2009-2010 slow deflation as a target spatial pattern. The resulting TPO time series shows a detailed deformation history including the 2007-2009 inflation, the 2009-2010 deflation, and a recent inflation that started in late-2011 and is continuing at the present time (November 2012). The recent inflation event is about four times faster than the previous 2007-2009 event. A Mogi source of the recent event is located beneath the resurgent dome at about 6.6 km depth at a rate of 0.009 km(3)/yr volume change. TPO is simple and fast and can provide a near real-time continuous monitoring tool without directly looking at all the data from many GPS sites in this potentially eruptive volcanic system. C1 [Ji, Kang Hyeun; Herring, Thomas A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Llenos, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ji, KH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM khji@mit.edu OI Llenos, Andrea/0000-0002-4088-6737 FU NSF [EAR-0734947-03, EAR-0529922]; NASA [NNX009AK68G]; Southern California Earthquake Center FX We thank John Langbein, David Hill, Andy Michael, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which improved this paper. This work was supported by NSF EAR-0734947-03, NASA NNX009AK68G, and the Southern California Earthquake Center and NSF cooperative agreement EAR-0529922. Figures were created by using the Generic Mapping Tools [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1002/grl.50258 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148AY UT WOS:000319215700006 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Thomas, JN AF Love, Jeffrey J. Thomas, Jeremy N. TI Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUNSPOT; STORMS AB We examine the claim that solar-terrestrial interaction, as measured by sunspots, solar wind velocity, and geomagnetic activity, might play a role in triggering earthquakes. We count the number of earthquakes having magnitudes that exceed chosen thresholds in calendar years, months, and days, and we order these counts by the corresponding rank of annual, monthly, and daily averages of the solar-terrestrial variables. We measure the statistical significance of the difference between the earthquake-number distributions below and above the median of the solar-terrestrial averages by chi(2) and Student's t tests. Across a range of earthquake magnitude thresholds, we find no consistent and statistically significant distributional differences. We also introduce time lags between the solar-terrestrial variables and the number of earthquakes, but again no statistically significant distributional difference is found. We cannot reject the null hypothesis of no solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.] USGS Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Digipen Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), USGS Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046 MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU USGS Geomagnetism Program; Universite Paris Diderot; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G11AP20177] FX We thank G. Anagnostopoulos, C. A. Finn, F. Mulargia, D. M. Perkins, E. J. Rigler, and an anonymous person for reviewing the draft manuscript. We thank A. J. Michael for providing his aftershock-declustered earthquake list. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. J. J. Love was supported by the Universite Paris Diderot during his October 2012 visit of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. J. N. Thomas was supported by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, external research grant G11AP20177. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1170 DI 10.1002/grl.50211 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148AY UT WOS:000319215700027 ER PT J AU van Dongen, WFD White, J Brandl, HB Moodley, Y Merkling, T Leclaire, S Blanchard, P Danchin, E Hatch, SA Wagner, RH AF van Dongen, Wouter F. D. White, Joel Brandl, Hanja B. Moodley, Yoshan Merkling, Thomas Leclaire, Sarah Blanchard, Pierrick Danchin, Etienne Hatch, Scott A. Wagner, Richard H. TI Age-related differences in the cloacal microbiota of a wild bird species SO BMC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Age-differences; Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis; Bacteria; Black-legged kittiwakes; Cloaca; Gastrointestinal tract ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GUT MICROBIOTA; BROILER-CHICKENS; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ACQUISITION; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS AB Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria play a central role in the health of animals. The bacteria that individuals acquire as they age may therefore have profound consequences for their future fitness. However, changes in microbial community structure with host age remain poorly understood. We characterised the cloacal bacteria assemblages of chicks and adults in a natural population of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), using molecular methods. Results: We show that the kittiwake cloaca hosts a diverse assemblage of bacteria. A greater number of total bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified in chicks than adults, and chicks appeared to host a greater number of OTUs that were only isolated from single individuals. In contrast, the number of bacteria identified per individual was higher in adults than chicks, while older chicks hosted more OTUs than younger chicks. Finally, chicks and adults shared only seven OTUs, resulting in pronounced differences in microbial assemblages. This result is surprising given that adults regurgitate food to chicks and share the same nesting environment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that chick gastrointestinal tracts are colonised by many transient species and that bacterial assemblages gradually transition to a more stable adult state. Phenotypic differences between chicks and adults may lead to these strong differences in bacterial communities. These data provide the framework for future studies targeting the causes and consequences of variation in bacterial assemblages in wild birds. C1 [van Dongen, Wouter F. D.; White, Joel; Brandl, Hanja B.; Moodley, Yoshan; Wagner, Richard H.] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [White, Joel; Merkling, Thomas; Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] CNRS UPS ENFA, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol EDB, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP van Dongen, WFD (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Vienna, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Savoyenstr 1A, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. EM wouter.v.dongen@gmail.com RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; MERKLING, Thomas/F-4190-2011; van Dongen, Wouter/L-1552-2014 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; van Dongen, Wouter/0000-0001-5007-3257 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program) [1162]; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) Project [20401] FX We thank Francois Bailly for field assistance, Florian Sammer for assistance with molecular work, Anne Hloch for assistance creating the figures and Andrew Ramey for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Experiments were carried out in accordance with United States' laws and under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. Field data collection was financed by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program 1162). This laboratory component of this study was supported by the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) Project 20401 to RHW. The lab EDB, which hosts five of the co-authors (JW, TM, SL, PB and ED) is part of the "Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX)" entitled TULIP (ANR -10-LABX-41). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 59 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6785 J9 BMC ECOL JI BMC Ecol. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 13 AR UNSP 11 DI 10.1186/1472-6785-13-11 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154LN UT WOS:000319676900001 PM 23531085 ER PT J AU Gohar, AA Ward, FA Amer, SA AF Gohar, Abdelaziz A. Ward, Frank A. Amer, Saud A. TI Economic performance of water storage capacity expansion for food security SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE River basin; Food security; Storage; Policy ID RIVER-BASIN; AFGHANISTAN; IRRIGATION; CONSTRUCTION; CHALLENGES; RESERVOIRS; EFFICIENCY; COST AB Continued climate variability, population growth, and rising food prices present ongoing challenges for achieving food and water security in poor countries that lack adequate water infrastructure. Undeveloped storage infrastructure presents a special challenge in northern Afghanistan, where food security is undermined by highly variable water supplies, inefficient water allocation rules, and a damaged irrigation system due three decades of war and conflict. Little peer-reviewed research to date has analyzed the economic benefits of water storage capacity expansions as a mechanism to sustain food security over long periods of variable climate and growing food demands needed to feed growing populations. This paper develops and applies an integrated water resources management framework that analyzes impacts of storage capacity expansions for sustaining farm income and food security in the face of highly fluctuating water supplies. Findings illustrate that in Afghanistan's Balkh Basin, total farm income and food security from crop irrigation increase, but at a declining rate as water storage capacity increases from zero to an amount equal to six times the basin's long term water supply. Total farm income increases by 21%, 41%, and 42% for small, medium, and large reservoir capacity, respectively, compared to the existing irrigation system unassisted by reservoir storage capacity. Results provide a framework to target water infrastructure investments that improve food security for river basins in the world's dry regions with low existing storage capacity that face ongoing climate variability and increased demands for food security for growing populations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.; Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.] South Valley Univ, Qena, Egypt. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zizo_1800@yahoo.com; fward@nmsu.edu; samer@usgs.gov FU New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station; US Geological Survey International Division FX The authors gratefully acknowledge generous financial support from the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the US Geological Survey International Division. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 484 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 124HA UT WOS:000317453200002 ER PT J AU Torregrosa, A Taylor, MD Flint, LE Flint, AL AF Torregrosa, Alicia Taylor, Maxwell D. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. TI Present, Future, and Novel Bioclimates of the San Francisco, California Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20th century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21st century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20th century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space. C1 [Torregrosa, Alicia; Taylor, Maxwell D.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Torregrosa, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM atorregrosa@usgs.gov OI Torregrosa, Alicia/0000-0001-7361-2241 FU US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58450 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058450 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125SW UT WOS:000317562600023 PM 23526985 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Williams, KH Campbell, KM Long, PE Stubbs, JE Suvorova, EI Lezama-Pacheco, JS Alessi, DS Stylo, M Webb, SM Davis, JA Giammar, DE Blue, LY Bernier-Latmani, R AF Bargar, John R. Williams, Kenneth H. Campbell, Kate M. Long, Philip E. Stubbs, Joanne E. Suvorova, Elenal I. Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Alessi, Daniel S. Stylo, Malgorzata Webb, Samuel M. Davis, James A. Giammar, Daniel E. Blue, Lisa Y. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan TI Uranium redox transition pathways in acetate-amended sediments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE metal reduction; roll front; sulfate reduction; sulfide; bioreduction ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; ORE-FORMING PROCESSES; NW CHINA; U(VI) REDUCTION; OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE RATIOS; U-DEPOSIT AB Redox transitions of uranium [from U(VI) to U(IV)] in low-temperature sediments govern the mobility of uranium in the environment and the accumulation of uranium in ore bodies, and inform our understanding of Earth's geochemical history. The molecular-scale mechanistic pathways of these transitions determine the U(IV) products formed, thus influencing uranium isotope fractionation, reoxidation, and transport in sediments. Studies that improve our understanding of these pathways have the potential to substantially advance process understanding across a number of earth sciences disciplines. Detailed mechanistic information regarding uranium redox transitions in field sediments is largely nonexistent, owing to the difficulty of directly observing molecular-scale processes in the subsurface and the compositional/physical complexity of subsurface systems. Here, we present results from an in situ study of uranium redox transitions occurring in aquifer sediments under sulfate-reducing conditions. Based on molecular-scale spectroscopic, pore-scale geochemical, and macroscale aqueous evidence, we propose a biotic-abiotic transition pathway in which biomass-hosted mackinawite (FeS) is an electron source to reduce U(VI) to U(IV), which subsequently reacts with biomass to produce monomeric U(IV) species. A species resembling nanoscale uraninite is also present, implying the operation of at least two redox transition pathways. The presence of multiple pathways in low-temperature sediments unifies apparently contrasting prior observations and helps to explain sustained uranium reduction under disparate biogeochemical conditions. These findings have direct implications for our understanding of uranium bioremediation, ore formation, and global geochemical processes. C1 [Bargar, John R.; Stubbs, Joanne E.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Webb, Samuel M.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, Kenneth H.; Long, Philip E.; Davis, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Suvorova, Elenal I.; Alessi, Daniel S.; Stylo, Malgorzata; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Giammar, Daniel E.; Blue, Lisa Y.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013; Davis, James/G-2788-2015; OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Alessi, Daniel/0000-0002-8360-8251 FU Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Geological Survey National Research Council Fellowship; Swiss National Science Foundation [20021-113784, 200020-126821]; Marie Curie Program Grant [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-254143]; DOE-SC-BER; National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393]; NIH-National Center for Research Resources [P41RR001209] FX We thank Kate Maher, Ed Landa, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and comments. Work at SLAC (Work Package 10094), the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Additional support was provided by a US Geological Survey National Research Council Fellowship (to K.M.C.), Swiss National Science Foundation Grants 20021-113784 and 200020-126821 (to M.S. and D.S.A.), and Marie Curie Program Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-254143 (to D.S.A.). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) is a DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility operated by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by DOE-SC-BER, and by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including Grant P41GM103393) and NIH-National Center for Research Resources (Grant P41RR001209). NR 78 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 149 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 12 BP 4506 EP 4511 DI 10.1073/pnas.1219198110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125EK UT WOS:000317521600030 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI A Review of Selected Inorganic Surface Water Quality-Monitoring Practices: Are We Really Measuring What We Think, and If So, Are We Doing It Right? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATER; TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; GEOCHEMICAL-EXPLORATION; FILTRATION ARTIFACTS AB Successful environmental/water quality-monitoring programs usually require a balance between analytical capabilities, the collection and preservation of representative samples, and available financial/personnel resources. Due to current economic conditions, monitoring programs are under increasing pressure to do more with less. Hence, a review of current sampling and analytical methodologies, and some of the underlying assumptions that form the bases for these programs seems appropriate, to see if they are achieving their intended objectives within acceptable error limits and/or measurement uncertainty, in a cost-effective manner. That evaluation appears to indicate that several common sampling/processing/analytical procedures (e.g., dip (point) samples/measurements, nitrogen determinations, total recoverable analytical procedures) are generating biased or nonrepresentative data, and that some of the underlying assumptions relative to current programs, such as calendar-based sampling and stationarity are no longer defensible. The extensive use of statistical models as well as surrogates (e.g., turbidity) also needs to be re-examined because the hydrologic interrelationships that support their use tend to be dynamic rather than static. As a result, a number of monitoring programs may need redesigning, some sampling and analytical procedures may need to be updated, and model/surrogate interrelationships may require recalibration. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Suite 500 1770 Corp Dr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 164 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2471 EP 2486 DI 10.1021/es304058q PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000007 PM 23406404 ER PT J AU Chun, CL Ochsner, U Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Tepp, WH Lin, GY Johnson, EA Peller, J Sadowsky, MJ AF Chun, Chan Lan Ochsner, Urs Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Tepp, William H. Lin, Guangyun Johnson, Eric A. Peller, Julie Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Association of Toxin-Producing Clostridium botulinum with the Macroalga Cladophora in the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVIAN BOTULISM; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FISH; ERIE; CHLOROPHYTA; COMMUNITIES; NEUROTOXIN; GLOMERATA; MICHIGAN AB Avian botulism, a paralytic disease of birds, often occurs on a yearly cycle and is increasingly becoming more common in the Great Lakes. Outbreaks are caused by bird ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, a spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobe. The nuisance, macrophytic, green alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta; mostly Cladophora glomerata L.) is a potential habitat for the growth of C. botulinum. A high incidence of botulism in shoreline birds at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE) in Lake Michigan coincides with increasingly massive accumulations of Cladophora in nearshore waters. In this study, free-floating algal mats were collected from SLBE and other shorelines of the Great Lakes between June and October 2011. The abundance of C. botulinum in algal mats was quantified and the type of botulism neurotoxin (bont) genes associated with this organism were determined by using most-probable-number PCR (MPN-PCR) and five distinct bont gene-specific primers (A, B, C, E, and F). The MPN-PCR results showed that 16 of 22 (73%) algal mats from the SLBE and 23 of 31(74%) algal mats from other shorelines of the Great Lakes contained the bont type E (bont/E) gene. C. botulinum was present up to 15 000 MPN per gram dried algae based on gene copies of bont/E. In addition, genes for bont/A and bont/B, which are commonly associated with human diseases, were detected in a few algal samples. Moreover, C. botulinum was present as vegetative cells rather than as dormant spores in Cladophora mats. Mouse toxin assays done using supernatants from enrichment of Cladophora containing high densities of C. botulinum (>1000 MPN/g dried algae) showed that Cladophora-borne C. botulinum were toxin-producing species (BoNT/E). Our results indicate that Cladophora provides a habitat for C. botulinum, warranting additional studies to better understand the relationship between this bacterium and the alga, and how this interaction potentially contributes to botulism outbreaks in birds. C1 [Chun, Chan Lan; Ochsner, Urs; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, BioTechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Tepp, William H.; Lin, Guangyun; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Peller, Julie] Indiana Univ Northwest, Dept Chem, Gary, IN 46408 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, BioTechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Chun, Chanlan/0000-0002-9765-8663 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPAR5-GL2010-1] FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAR5-GL2010-1).We thank Steve Yancho, Chris Otto, and Emily Kobernik (SLBE); Stephan Kurdas and Julie Kinzelman (City of Racine, WI); Karen Terbush, Jay G. Bailey, Jeff Meyer (Hamlin Beach State Park, NY); Dawn Shively (USGS, Great Lakes Science Center); and Greg Kleinheinz, Kimberly Busse, and Brooke Jansen (U. of Wisconsin-Oshkosh) for providing Cladophora mat samples and beach conditions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1735 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2587 EP 2594 DI 10.1021/es304743m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000021 PM 23421373 ER PT J AU Cain, DJ Croteau, MN Fuller, CC AF Cain, Daniel J. Croteau, Marie-Noele Fuller, Christopher C. TI Dietary Bioavailability of Cu Adsorbed to Colloidal Hydrous Ferric Oxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SEDIMENT-BOUND METALS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; TROPHIC TRANSFER; ION-BINDING; FOOD WEBS; BIOACCUMULATION; ASSIMILATION; COLORADO AB The dietary bioavailability of copper (Cu) adsorbed to synthetic colloidal hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was evaluated from the assimilation of Cu-65 by two benthic grazers, a gastropod and a larval mayfly. HFO was synthesized, labeled with Cu-65 to achieve a Cu/Fe ratio comparable to that determined in naturally formed HFO, and then aged. The labeled colloids were mixed with a food source (the diatom Nitzschia palea) to yield dietary Cu-65 concentrations ranging from 211 to 2204 nmol/g (dry weight). Animals were pulse fed the contaminated diet and assimilation of Cu-65 from HFO was determined following 1-3 days of depuration. Mass transfer of Cu-65 from HFO to the diatom was less than 1%, indicating that HFO was the source of Cu-65 to the grazers. Estimates of assimilation efficiency indicated that the majority of Cu ingested as HFO was assimilated (values >70%), implying that colloidal HFO potentially represents a source of dietary Cu to benthic grazers, especially where there is active formation and infiltration of these particles into benthic substrates. C1 [Cain, Daniel J.; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Cain, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM djcain@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074; Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 FU National Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the National Research Program and the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Brent Topping kindly performed the DOC analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2869 EP 2876 DI 10.1021/es3044856 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000056 PM 23402601 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI The identity of the enigmatic "Black Shrew" (Sorex niger Ord, 1815) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Eulipotyphla; Guthrie's Geography; nomenclature; Soricidae; Soricomorpha; Suncus montanus; taxonomy; Zoology of North America AB The scientific name Sorex niger Ord, 1815 (Mammalia, Soricidae) was originally applied to a North American species that George Ord called the "Black Shrew." The origin of the name "Black Shrew," however, was obscure, and Samuel Rhoads subsequently wrote that the species represented by this name could not be determined The names Sorex niger Ord and Black, Shrew have since been mostly forgotten. Two of Ord's contemporaries, however, noted that Ord's use of these names probably alluded to Benjamin Smith Barton's Black Shrew, whose discovery near Philadelphia was announced by Barton in 1806. Examination of two unpublished illustrations of the Black Shrew made by Barton indicates that the animal depicted is Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1822). Had the connection between Ord's and Barton's names been made more clearly, one of the most common mammals in eastern North America would bear a different scientific name today. This connection also would have affected the validity of Sorex niger Horsfield, 1851. While Sorex niger Ord remains a nomen nudum, the animal it referenced can now be identified. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 114AX UT WOS:000316713400001 ER PT J AU Cardwell, MD Gotte, SW McDiarmid, RW Gilmore, N Poindexter, JA AF Cardwell, Michael D. Gotte, Steve W. McDiarmid, Roy W. Gilmore, Ned Poindexter, James A., II TI Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cope; Kennicott; Klauber; Mohave rattlesnake; Mojave rattlesnake; type locality AB The original description of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) was published in 1861 by Robert Kennicott, who did not identify a type specimen or a type locality. We review the history of specimens purported to be the type(s) and various designations of type locality. We provide evidence that ANSP 7069 (formerly one of two specimens of USNM 5027) is the holotype and that the appropriate type locality is Fort Buchanan, near present-day Sonoita, in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. C1 [Cardwell, Michael D.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Gotte, Steve W.; Poindexter, James A., II] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Museum Support Ctr, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gilmore, Ned] Natl Acad Sci, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Cardwell, MD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mikecardwell@comcast.net NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 114AX UT WOS:000316713400002 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Helmberger, D Owen, S Graves, RW Hudnut, KW Fielding, EJ AF Wei, Shengji Helmberger, Don Owen, Susan Graves, Robert W. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Fielding, Eric J. TI Complementary slip distributions of the largest earthquakes in the 2012 Brawley swarm, Imperial Valley, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brawley Earthquake Swarm Imperial Valley; high-rate GPS; geothermal; strong motion ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MODEL; FAULT; EVENTS AB We investigate the finite rupture processes of two M>5 earthquakes in the 2012 Brawley swarm by joint inversion of nearby strong motion and high-rate GPS data. Waveform inversions up to 3 Hz were made possible by using a small event (Mw3.9) for path calibration of the velocity structure. Our results indicate that the first (Mw5.3) event ruptured a strong, concentrated asperity with offsets of similar to 20 cm centered at a depth of 5 km. The subsequent Mw5.4 event occurred 1.5 h later with a shallower slip distribution that surrounds and is complementary to that of the earlier event. The second event has a longer rise time and weaker high-frequency energy release compared to the Mw5.3 event. Both events display strong rupture directivity toward the southwest and lack of very shallow (<2 km) coseismic slip. The hypocenters for these events appear to be near or in the bedrock, but most of the slip is distributed at shallower depths (<6 km) and can explain a large part of the GPS offsets for the swarm. The complementary slip distributions of the two events suggest a triggering relationship between them with no significant creep needed to explain the various data sets. C1 [Wei, Shengji; Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Owen, Susan; Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Graves, Robert W.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM shjwei@gmail.com RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067 FU USGS [G12AP20072]; Caltech Tectonics Observatory FX The strong motion data were downloaded from the Southern California Seismic Network and USGS. The original TerraSAR-X data is copyright 2012 by the German space agency DLR, provided under the Group on Earth Observation Geohazard Supersite project. Part of this research was supported by the USGS grant G12AP20072, Caltech Tectonics Observatory, NASA Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the JPL, Caltech. The high-rate GPS data were provided by the NSF PBO and archived at UNAVCO. Static offset GPS processing was performed by Jerry Svarc (USGS) and Tom Herring (MIT). The manuscript was improved by the constructive input of Karen Felzer, Gavin Hayes and two anonymous reviewers. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1002/grl.50259 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900009 ER PT J AU Jepsen, SM Voss, CI Walvoord, MA Minsley, BJ Rover, J AF Jepsen, S. M. Voss, C. I. Walvoord, M. A. Minsley, B. J. Rover, J. TI Linkages between lake shrinkage/expansion and sublacustrine permafrost distribution determined from remote sensing of interior Alaska, USA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lake shrinkage; Lake expansion; Permafrost; Taliks ID DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; DEGRADATION; DRAINAGE; CANADA; YUKON AB Linkages between permafrost distribution and lake surface-area changes in cold regions have not been previously examined over a large scale because of the paucity of subsurface permafrost information. Here, a first large-scale examination of these linkages is made over a 5150 km2 area of Yukon Flats, Alaska, USA, by evaluating the relationship between lake surface-area changes during 19792009, derived from Landsat satellite data, and sublacustrine groundwater flow-path connectivity inferred from a pioneering, airborne geophysical survey of permafrost. The results suggest that the shallow (few tens of meters) thaw state of permafrost has more influence than deeper permafrost conditions on the evolving water budgets of lakes on a multidecadal time scale. In the region studied, these key shallow aquifers have high hydraulic conductivity and great spatial variability in thaw state, making groundwater flow and associated lake level evolution particularly sensitive to climate change owing to the close proximity of these aquifers to the atmosphere. C1 [Jepsen, S. M.; Walvoord, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rover, J.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Jepsen, SM (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-403, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM sjepsen@usgs.gov OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU USGS; SERDP grant [RC-2111] FX Support for this study was provided by the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, USGS National Research Program, SERDP grant RC-2111, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area. Field assistance was provided by Joshua Koch (USGS) and Joshua Rose (FWS). We thank Gary Clow (USGS), Chas Jones (UAF), and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.1002/grl.50187 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900015 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Elias, E List, JH Erikson, LH Barnard, PL AF Hansen, Jeff E. Elias, Edwin List, Jeffrey H. Erikson, Li H. Barnard, Patrick L. TI Tidally influenced alongshore circulation at an inlet-adjacent shoreline SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alongshore momentum balance; Tidal forcing; Alongshore pressure gradient; Radiation stress gradients; Tidal inlet; Tidal pressure gradient ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; MOMENTUM BALANCES; SAND TRANSPORT; WAVES; PATTERNS; FIELD; MODEL AB The contribution of tidal forcing to alongshore circulation inside the surfzone is investigated at a 7 km long sandy beach adjacent to a large tidal inlet. Ocean Beach in San Francisco, CA (USA) is onshore of a similar to 150 km(2) ebb-tidal delta and directly south of the Golden Gate, the sole entrance to San Francisco Bay. Using a coupled flow-wave numerical model, we find that the tides modulate, and in some cases can reverse the direction of, surfzone alongshore flows through two separate mechanisms. First, tidal flow through the inlet results in a barotropic tidal pressure gradient that, when integrated across the surfzone, represents an important contribution to the surfzone alongshore force balance. Even during energetic wave conditions, the tidal pressure gradient can account for more than 30% of the total alongshore pressure gradient (wave and tidal components) and up to 55% during small waves. The wave driven component of the alongshore pressure gradient results from alongshore wave height and corresponding setup gradients induced by refraction over the ebb-tidal delta. Second, wave refraction patterns over the inner shelf are tidally modulated as a result of both tidal water depth changes and strong tidal flows (similar to 1 m/s), with the effect from currents being larger. These tidally induced changes in wave refraction result in corresponding variability of the alongshore radiation stress and pressure gradients within the surfzone. Our results indicate that tidal contributions to the surfzone force balance can be significant and important in determining the direction and magnitude of alongshore flow. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.; Elias, Edwin; Erikson, Li H.; Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Elias, Edwin] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [List, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 55,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jhansen@whoi.edu RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank Alex Apotsos and Joe Long for reviewing an initial draft of this manuscript as well as two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.017 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400003 ER PT J AU Moskalski, SM Torres, R Bizimis, M Goni, M Bergamaschi, B Fleck, J AF Moskalski, Susanne M. Torres, Raymond Bizimis, Michael Goni, Miguel Bergamaschi, Brian Fleck, Jacob TI Low-tide rainfall effects on metal content of suspended sediment in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE San Francisco Bay; Marsh; Metals; Rain; Suspended sediment; Intertidal ID FRANCISCO-BAY ESTUARY; SALT-MARSH; TRACE-METALS; LEAD CONTAMINATION; EROSION THRESHOLD; HISTORICAL TRENDS; TIME SCALES; PORE WATERS; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT AB Rain falling at or near low tide is capable of eroding and transporting cohesive sediment from intertidal areas. Given that metals adsorb strongly to silt- and clay-sized particles, it is conceivable that low-tide rainfall may also liberate previously-deposited metals from storage in intertidal sediment. To investigate the potential for rainfall as an agent of remobilization, this study tested the hypothesis that suspended sediment in a tidal creek during low tide rainfall events contains different suites of adsorbed metals than during wind-only events and fair weather days. Water samples were collected during low-tide rain events in winter and wind resuspension events in summer. The concentrations of suspended sediment, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and the total adsorbed concentration (g L-1) of most metals were higher for a low-tide rainfall event than during wind-only and fair-weather conditions. Metal contents (g g(-1)) were also greater during the rain event for most metals. Principal components analysis and relationships between metal content and suspended sediment concentration suggest that rainfall during low tide can mobilize a different source of sediment than wind-wave resuspension and regular tidal action. The metal content of bulk sediment samples from around the study area could not be matched satisfactorily to the suspended sediment in any of the events. This implies that bulk sediment composition should not be used to extrapolate to suspended sediment composition in terms of adsorbed metal content. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moskalski, Susanne M.; Torres, Raymond; Bizimis, Michael] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Goni, Miguel] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian; Fleck, Jacob] Calif State Univ Sacramento, USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Moskalski, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 701 Sumter St EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM smoskalski@gmail.com; torres@geol.sc.edu; mbizimis@geol.sc.edu; mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu; bbergama@usgs.gov; jafleck@usgs.gov RI Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014; OI Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Bizimis, Michael/0000-0002-4611-6928 FU California Water Policy Council and Federal Ecosystem Directorate (CALFED) [1052] FX This study was funded under award # 1052 from the California Water Policy Council and Federal Ecosystem Directorate (CALFED). The funding agency did not have any role other than funding in the study design, collection analysis and interpretation of data, paper writing, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.02.001 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400004 ER PT J AU Denny, JF Schwab, WC Baldwin, WE Barnhardt, WA Gayes, PT Morton, RA Warner, JC Driscoll, NW Voulgaris, G AF Denny, Jane F. Schwab, William C. Baldwin, Wayne E. Barnhardt, Walter A. Gayes, Paul T. Morton, Robert A. Warner, John C. Driscoll, Neal W. Voulgaris, George TI Holocene sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf of northeastern South Carolina: Implications for the regional sediment budget and long-term shoreline response SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Holocene sediment; coastal erosion; Long Bay; South Carolina; sediment budget ID WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; NORTH-CAROLINA; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; SAND RIDGES; UNITED-STATES; WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH; SHOREFACE PROFILE; GRAND STRAND; NEW-YORK; ISLAND AB High-resolution geophysical and sediment sampling surveys were conducted offshore of the Grand Strand, South Carolina to define the shallow geologic framework of the inner shelf. Results are used to identify and map Holocene sediment deposits, infer sediment transport pathways, and discuss implications for the regional coastal sediment budget. The thickest deposits of Holocene sediment observed on the inner shelf form shoal complexes composed of moderately sorted fine sand, which are primarily located offshore of modern tidal inlets. These shoal deposits contain similar to 67 M m(3) of sediment, approximately 96% of Holocene sediment stored on the inner shelf. Due to the lack of any significant modern fluvial input of sand to the region, the Holocene deposits are likely derived from reworking of relict Pleistocene and older inner-shelf deposits during the Holocene marine transgression. The Holocene sediments are concentrated in the southern part of the study area, due to a combination of ancestral drainage patterns, a regional shift in sediment supply from the northeast to the southwest in the late Pleistocene, and proximity to modern inlet systems. Where sediment is limited, only small, low relief ridges have formed and Pleistocene and older deposits are exposed on the seafloor. The low-relief ridges are likely the result of a thin, mobile veneer of sediment being transported across an irregular, erosional surface formed during the last transgression. Sediment textural trends and seafloor morphology indicate a long-term net transport of sediment to the southwest. This is supported by oceanographic studies that suggest the long-term sediment transport direction is controlled by the frequency and intensity of storms that pass through the region, where low pressure systems yield net along-shore flow to the southwest and a weak onshore component. Current sediment budget estimates for the Grand Strand yield a deficit for the region. Volume calculations of Holocene deposits on the inner shelf suggest that there is sufficient sediment to balance the sediment budget and provide a source of sediment to the shoreline. Although the processes controlling cross-shelf sediment transport are not fully understood, in sediment-limited environments such as the Grand Strand, erosion of the inner shelf likely contributes significant sediment to the beach system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Denny, Jane F.; Schwab, William C.; Baldwin, Wayne E.; Barnhardt, Walter A.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gayes, Paul T.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Denny, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jdenny@usgs.gov; bschwab@usgs.gov; wbaldwin@usgs.gov; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov; ptgayest@coastal.edu; rmorton@usgs.gov; jcwarner@usgs.gov; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.02.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400005 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M Cervelli, PF Murray, JR AF Battaglia, Maurizio Cervelli, Peter F. Murray, Jessica R. TI dMODELS: A MATLAB software package for modeling crustal deformation near active faults and volcanic centers SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crustal deformation; Volcano geodesy; MATLAB; Pressure source; Augustine volcano ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; TENSILE FAULTS; CALIFORNIA; SHEAR AB We have developed a MATLAB software package for the most common models used to interpret deformation measurements near faults and active volcanic centers. The emphasis is on analytical models of deformation that can be compared with data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), InSAR, tiltmeters and strainmeters. Source models include pressurized spherical, ellipsoidal and sill-like magma chambers in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. Dikes and faults are described following the mathematical notation for rectangular dislocations in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. All the expressions have been checked for typographical errors that might have been present in the original literature, extended to include deformation and strain within the Earth's crust (as opposed to only the Earth's surface) and verified against finite element models. A set of GPS measurements from the 2006 eruption at Augustine Volcano (Alaska) is used to test the software package. The results show that the best fit source to the GPS data is a spherical intrusion (Delta V = 5 x 10(-4) km(3)), about 880 m beneath the volcano's summit. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Battaglia, Maurizio] USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Battaglia, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy. [Cervelli, Peter F.] USGS, Calif Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Murray, Jessica R.] Earthquake Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mbattaglia@usgs.gov OI Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 254 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 116ZC UT WOS:000316920900001 ER PT J AU Junttila, V Finley, AO Bradford, JB Kauranne, T AF Junttila, Virpi Finley, Andrew O. Bradford, John B. Kauranne, Tuomo TI Strategies for minimizing sample size for use in airborne LiDAR-based forest inventory SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Optimal design; Geostatistical; LiDAR; Bayesian; Biomass ID STAND CHARACTERISTICS; QUANTIFYING FOREST; DESIGNS; PREDICTION; VARIABLES; HEIGHT; MODELS; CARBON AB Recently airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has emerged as a highly accurate remote sensing modality to be used in operational scale forest inventories. Inventories conducted with the help of LiDAR are most often model-based, i.e. they use variables derived from LiDAR point clouds as the predictive variables that are to be calibrated using field plots. The measurement of the necessary field plots is a time-consuming and statistically sensitive process. Because of this, current practice often presumes hundreds of plots to be collected. But since these plots are only used to calibrate regression models, it should be possible to minimize the number of plots needed by carefully selecting the plots to be measured. In the current study, we compare several systematic and random methods for calibration plot selection, with the specific aim that they be used in LiDAR based regression models for forest parameters, especially above-ground biomass. The primary criteria compared are based on both spatial representativity as well as on their coverage of the variability of the forest features measured. In the former case, it is important also to take into account spatial auto-correlation between the plots. The results indicate that choosing the plots in a way that ensures ample coverage of both spatial and feature space variability improves the performance of the corresponding models, and that adequate coverage of the variability in the feature space is the most important condition that should be met by the set of plots collected. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Junttila, Virpi; Kauranne, Tuomo] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Appl Math, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Junttila, V (reprint author), Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Appl Math, Lappeenranta, Finland. EM virpi.junttila@lut.fi RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU USDA Forest Service; Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program; Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF-1137309, NSF-DMS-1106609]; USDA/NASA [10-JV-11242307-037]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System [11-CMS11-0021, 11-CMS11-0028] FX The work of the second author was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants EF-1137309 and NSF-DMS-1106609. The three authors were supported by USDA/NASA grant 10-JV-11242307-037. The first two authors were supported by NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants 11-CMS11-0021 and 11-CMS11-0028. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 292 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.019 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111HM UT WOS:000316512400009 ER PT J AU Lever, MA Rouxel, O Alt, JC Shimizu, N Ono, SH Coggon, RM Shanks, WC Lapham, L Elvert, M Prieto-Mollar, X Hinrichs, KU Inagaki, F Teske, A AF Lever, Mark A. Rouxel, Olivier Alt, Jeffrey C. Shimizu, Nobumichi Ono, Shuhei Coggon, Rosalind M. Shanks, Wayne C., III Lapham, Laura Elvert, Marcus Prieto-Mollar, Xavier Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Teske, Andreas TI Evidence for Microbial Carbon and Sulfur Cycling in Deeply Buried Ridge Flank Basalt SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; OCEAN CRUST; SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; SULFIDE OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; FLUIDS; DISPROPORTIONATION; FRACTIONATION; COMMUNITY AB Sediment-covered basalt on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges constitutes most of Earth's oceanic crust, but the composition and metabolic function of its microbial ecosystem are largely unknown. By drilling into 3.5-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, we demonstrated the presence of methane-and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane-cycling and sulfate-reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid-phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host delta C-13- and delta S-34-isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory. Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic delta C-13 signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism. C1 [Lever, Mark A.; Teske, Andreas] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lever, Mark A.; Lapham, Laura] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Geomicrobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Rouxel, Olivier; Shimizu, Nobumichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rouxel, Olivier] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ono, Shuhei] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coggon, Rosalind M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Elvert, Marcus; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Organ Geochem Grp, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Elvert, Marcus; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Inagaki, Fumio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Geomicrobiol Grp, Nanko Ku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. RP Lever, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mark.lever@biology.au.dk; teske@email.unc.edu RI Lever, Mark/C-2134-2011; Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015; Lapham, Laura/A-4035-2011 OI Lever, Mark/0000-0002-2046-8028; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; FU IODP Expedition 301 Scientists; Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship; University of North Carolina Dissertation Completion Fellowship; Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship [255135]; Danish National Research Foundation; Max Planck Society; Europole Mer; European Research Council Advanced Grant DARCLIFE; NASA Astrobiology Institute Subsurface Biospheres; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program); National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE 0622949, OCE 1129631, OCE-0753126, NSF-ODP 0727175]; National Science Foundation (NSF-STC for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations) FX We thank B. Jorgensen, M. Sogin, and the IODP Expedition 301 Scientists for advice and support in this project. Funding was obtained from a Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship, a University of North Carolina Dissertation Completion Fellowship, a Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship (255135) (all to M. A. L.); the Danish National Research Foundation and the Max Planck Society (both to B. Jorgensen); Europole Mer (to O.R.); the European Research Council Advanced Grant DARCLIFE (to K.-U.H.); the NASA Astrobiology Institute Subsurface Biospheres (to A. T.); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program) (to F. I.); and the National Science Foundation (NSF-OCE 0622949 and OCE 1129631 to J.C.A.; OCE-0753126 to S.O. and O.R.; and NSF-ODP 0727175 and NSF-STC for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations to A. T.). We thank three anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments. The geochemical data are available in the supplementary tables. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The functional gene sequence data are available from the GenBank database (accession numbers GU182109 to GU182110 and JX465656 to JX465658). NR 30 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 11 U2 201 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6125 BP 1305 EP 1308 DI 10.1126/science.1229240 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 105GC UT WOS:000316053400034 PM 23493710 ER PT J AU Stolpe, B Guo, LD Shiller, AM Aiken, GR AF Stolpe, Bjoern Guo, Laodong Shiller, Alan M. Aiken, George R. TI Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; COLLOIDAL MATTER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; YUKON RIVER; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL-WATER; BOREAL RIVERS AB Water samples were collected from six small rivers in the Yukon River basin in central Alaska to examine the role of colloids and organic matter in the transport of trace elements in Northern high latitude watersheds influenced by permafrost. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), selected elements (Al, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, U), and UV-absorbance spectra were measured in 0.45 mu m filtered samples. 'Nanocolloidal size distributions' (0.5-40 nm, hydrodynamic diameter) of humic-type and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined by on-line coupling of flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) to detectors including UV-absorbance, fluorescence, and ICP-MS. Total dissolved and nanocolloidal concentrations of the elements varied considerably between the rivers and between spring flood and late summer base flow. Data on specific UV-absorbance (SUVA), spectral slopes, and the nanocolloidal fraction of the UV-absorbance indicated a decrease in aromaticity and size of CDOM from spring flood to late summer. The nanocolloidal size distributions indicated the presence of different 'components' of nanocolloids. 'Fulvic-rich nanocolloids' had a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.5-3 nm throughout the sampling season; 'organic/ironrich nanocolloids' occurred in the <8 nm size range during the spring flood; whereas 'iron-rich nanocolloids' formed a discrete 4-40 nm components during summer base flow. Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were distributed between the nanocolloid components depending on the stability constant of the metal (+II)-organic complexes, while stronger association of Cr to the iron-rich nanocolloids was attributed to the higher oxidation states of Cr (+III or +IV). Changes in total dissolved element concentrations, size and composition of CDOM, and occurrence and size of organic/iron and iron-rich nanocolloids were related to variations in their sources from either the upper organic-rich soil or the deeper mineral layer, depending on seasonal variations in hydrological flow patterns and permafrost dynamics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stolpe, Bjoern; Guo, Laodong; Shiller, Alan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stolpe, B (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM bjorn.stolpe@gmail.com RI Guo, Laodong/F-6045-2010; OI Guo, Laodong/0000-0002-5010-1630; Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 FU US National Science Foundation [0617607, 0850957]; Swedish Research Council; United States Geological Survey; University of Southern Mississippi FX We thank Hailong Huang for his help during field sampling and Zhengzhen Zhou and Victoria Shiller for analytical assistance. We also wish to thank associate editor Karen H. Johannesson, the two anonymous GCA reviewers and the USGS internal reviewer Jonathan A. O'Donnell for their constructive comments which have greatly improved the presentation of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (EAR#0617607 and OCE#0850957), a postdoctoral fellowship from the Swedish Research Council, the United States Geological Survey, and the University of Southern Mississippi. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 127 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 105 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093MA UT WOS:000315194800014 ER PT J AU Barrett, K Kasischke, ES AF Barrett, Kirsten Kasischke, Eric S. TI Controls on variations in MODIS fire radiative power in Alaskan boreal forests: Implications for fire severity conditions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire; Boreal; Fire radiative power; Fire intensity; Fire severity ID POSTFIRE TREE RECRUITMENT; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; REGENERATION; VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE AB Fire activity in the Alaskan boreal forest though episodic at annual and intra-annual time scales, has experienced an increase over the last several decades. Increases in burned area and fire severity are not only releasing more carbon to the atmosphere, but likely shifting vegetation composition in the region towards greater deciduous dominance and a reduction in coniferous stands. While some recent studies have addressed qualitative differences between large and small fire years in the Alaskan boreal forest, the ecological effects of a greater proportion of burning occurring during large fire years and during late season fires have not yet been examined. Some characteristics of wildfires that can be detected remotely are related to fire severity and can provide new information on spatial and temporal patterns of burning. This analysis focused on boreal wildfire intensity (fire radiative power, or FRP) contained in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily active fire product from 2003 to 2010. We found that differences in FRP resulted from seasonality and intra-annual variability in fire activity levels, vegetation composition, latitudinal variation, and fire spread behavior. Our studies determined two general categories of active fire detections: new detections associated with the spread of the fire front and residual pixels in areas that had already experienced front burning. Residual pixels had a lower average FRP than front pixels, but represented a high percentage of all pixels during periods of high fire activity (large fire years, late season burning, and seasonal periods of high fire activity). As a result, the FRP from periods of high fire activity was less intense than those from periods of low fire activity. Differences related to latitude were greater than expected, with higher latitudes burning later in the season and at a higher intensity than lower latitudes. Differences in vegetation type indicate that coniferous vegetation is the most fire prone, but deciduous vegetation is not particularly fire resistant, as the proportion of active fire detections in deciduous stands is roughly the same as the fraction of deciduous vegetation in the region. Qualitative differences between periods of high and low fire activity are likely to reflect important differences in fire severity. Large fire years are likely to be more severe, characterized by more late season fires and a greater proportion of residual burning. Given the potential for severe fires to effect changes in vegetation cover, the shift toward a greater proportion of area burning during large fire years may influence vegetation patterns in the region over the medium to long term. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Barrett, Kirsten] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barrett, K (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM kbarrett@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA [NNG04GD25G] FX Funding for this research was provided to KB by the U.S. Geological Survey and to EK by NASA through grant number NNG04GD25G. We also thank A. D. McGuire, Zachary Christman, David Selkowitz, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments on the manuscript NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000014 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Gass, L Dewitz, J Fry, JA Wade, TG AF Wickham, James D. Stehman, Stephen V. Gass, Leila Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce A. Wade, Timothy G. TI Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Impervious surface accuracy assessment; Forest loss; Land-cover change accuracy assessment; MRLC; Stratified sampling; Urbanization; United States ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION DATA SET; THEMATIC ACCURACY; ERROR MATRIX; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; DESIGN; MAPS; COMPLETION; PRINCIPLES AB Release of NLCD 2006 provides the first wall-to-wall land-cover change database for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 focused on four primary products: 2001 land cover, 2006 land cover, land-cover change between 2001 and 2006, and impervious surface change between 2001 and 2006. The accuracy assessment was conducted by selecting a stratified random sample of pixels with the reference classification interpreted from multi-temporal high resolution digital imagery. The NLCD Level II (16 classes) overall accuracies for the 2001 and 2006 land cover were 79% and 78%, respectively, with Level II user's accuracies exceeding 80% for water, high density urban, all upland forest classes, shrubland, and cropland for both dates. Level I (8 classes) accuracies were 85% for NLCD 2001 and 84% for NLCD 2006. The high overall and user's accuracies for the individual dates translated into high user's accuracies for the 2001-2006 change reporting themes water gain and loss, forest loss, urban gain, and the no-change reporting themes for water, urban, forest and agriculture. The main factor limiting higher accuracies for the change reporting themes appeared to be difficulty in distinguishing the context of grass. We discuss the need for more research on land-cover change accuracy assessment Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Gass, Leila] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dewitz, Jon; Fry, Joyce A.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov OI Gass, Leila/0000-0002-3436-262X; Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; USGS [G12AC20221] FX The United States Geological Survey (USGS) provided primary funding for this research. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Stehman was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G12AC20221 from the USGS. Lori Baer, Jesse Ballew, Brett Bunde, Adam Case, Catherine Costello, Michelle Coffey, Allison Paraham, Rick Poss, Dan Sorenson, and Gail Winters of USGS collected the reference data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve the paper. Any use of trade, form, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 13 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000024 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Briggs, MA Bencala, KE McGlynn, BL Scott, DT AF Gooseff, Michael N. Briggs, Martin A. Bencala, Kenneth E. McGlynn, Brian L. Scott, Durelle T. TI Do transient storage parameters directly scale in longer, combined stream reaches? Reach length dependence of transient storage interpretations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transient storage; Groundwater-surface water interaction; Stream solute transport; Uvas Creek; OTIS ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER; MODEL; RETENTION; SEDIMENT; EXCHANGE; SCIENCE AB Little work has been done to assess parameterizations and related interpretations (i.e., metrics of exchange) of transient storage modeling (TSM) over multiple spatial scales in streams. In this paper, we simulate conservative solute transport in a small mountain stream over combinations of five consecutive sub-reaches (38 m, 105 m, 281 m, 433 m, and 619 m below injection point) to (1) determine how optimized parameter estimates vary with reach length and reach combination, and (2) evaluate whether equally well-optimized simulations of solute transport in the channel result in varying interpretations of tracer exchange with the storage zone. Each simulated stream solute concentration breakthrough curve (BTC) showed consistently accurate fits to observations. However, our results indicate approximate equifinality (similar fits from different parameter sets) in the simulations of concentrations of stream tracer across individual sub-reaches and combined reaches leading to varying interpretations of transient storage exchange parameterization (i.e., variable optimized parameter estimates) and concentration time series of tracer in the storage zone. These results suggest strong reach-length dependence in simulated exchange. Based on stream BTCs alone, the TSM is useful in characterizing the influence of transient storage on in-stream solute transport, though it does not consistently reproduce storage zone dynamics. Characterization of the solute exchange between the stream and the storage zones remains problematic, and the effects of transient storage cannot be directly compared within overlapping stream reaches, an important consideration in designing and interpreting stream solute transport experiments. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Briggs, Martin A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGlynn, Brian L.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Scott, Durelle T.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mgooseff@engr.psu.edu RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR 03-37650, EAR 05-30873, DEB 06-14350] FX We would like to thank Hedeff Essaid, Chris Arp, Rob Runkel, Denis Newbold and anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of this manuscript. Support for this work was provided by NSF Grants EAR 03-37650 to BLM, EAR 05-30873 and DEB 06-14350 to MNG. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 483 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2012.12.046 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 111HL UT WOS:000316512300002 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Boncristiani, H Dainat, B Chen, YP vanEngelsdorp, D Weaver, D Evans, JD AF Cornman, Robert Scott Boncristiani, Humberto Dainat, Benjamin Chen, Yanping vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Weaver, Daniel Evans, Jay D. TI Population-genomic variation within RNA viruses of the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, inferred from deep sequencing SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Deformed wing virus; Israel acute paralysis virus; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Population genomics ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; REPLICATION; RECOMBINATION; PATHOGENESIS; ISRAEL; MITE AB Background: Deep sequencing of viruses isolated from infected hosts is an efficient way to measure population-genetic variation and can reveal patterns of dispersal and natural selection. In this study, we mined existing Illumina sequence reads to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two RNA viruses of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), deformed wing virus (DWV) and Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV). All viral RNA was extracted from North American samples of honey bees or, in one case, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Results: Coverage depth was generally lower for IAPV than DWV, and marked gaps in coverage occurred in several narrow regions (< 50 bp) of IAPV. These coverage gaps occurred across sequencing runs and were virtually unchanged when reads were re-mapped with greater permissiveness (up to 8% divergence), suggesting a recurrent sequencing artifact rather than strain divergence. Consensus sequences of DWV for each sample showed little phylogenetic divergence, low nucleotide diversity, and strongly negative values of Fu and Li's D statistic, suggesting a recent population bottleneck and/or purifying selection. The Kakugo strain of DWV fell outside of all other DWV sequences at 100% bootstrap support. IAPV consensus sequences supported the existence of multiple clades as had been previously reported, and Fu and Li's D was closer to neutral expectation overall, although a sliding-window analysis identified a significantly positive D within the protease region, suggesting selection maintains diversity in that region. Within-sample mean diversity was comparable between the two viruses on average, although for both viruses there was substantial variation among samples in mean diversity at third codon positions and in the number of high-diversity sites. F-ST values were bimodal for DWV, likely reflecting neutral divergence in two low-diversity populations, whereas IAPV had several sites that were strong outliers with very low F-ST. Conclusions: This initial survey of genetic variation within honey bee RNA viruses suggests future directions for studies examining the underlying causes of population-genetic structure in these economically important pathogens. C1 [Cornman, Robert Scott; Boncristiani, Humberto; Dainat, Benjamin; Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dainat, Benjamin] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weaver, Daniel] Bee Power LP, Navasota, TX 77868 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM scott.cornman@gmail.com RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; FU Coordinate Agricultural Project on Pollinator Health (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture); National Honey Board FX We thank Keith Delaplane and Jennifer Berry for providing larvae from the University of Georgia Apiary. Dawn Lopez prepared samples for sequencing. This project was supported by the Coordinate Agricultural Project on Pollinator Health (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture) and the National Honey Board. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 92 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 154 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-154 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 107GW UT WOS:000316204200001 PM 23497218 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Keefe, SH Brown, GK Furlong, ET Gray, JL Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT Sandstrom, MW Zaugg, SD AF Barber, Larry B. Keefe, Steffanie H. Brown, Greg K. Furlong, Edward T. Gray, James L. Kolpin, Dana W. Meyer, Michael T. Sandstrom, Mark W. Zaugg, Steven D. TI Persistence and Potential Effects of Complex Organic Contaminant Mixtures in Wastewater-Impacted Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFLUENT-DOMINATED RIVER; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCYCLIC MUSKS; ANTIBIOTIC SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; SURFACE WATERS AB Natural and synthetic organic contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can cause ecosystem impacts, raising concerns about their persistence in receiving streams. In this study, Lagrangian sampling, in which the same approximate parcel of water is tracked as it moves downstream, was conducted at Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa to determine in-stream transport and attenuation of organic contaminants discharged from two secondary WWTPs. Similar stream reaches were evaluated, and samples were collected at multiple sites during summer and spring hydrologic conditions. Travel times to the most downstream (7.4 km) site in Boulder Creek were 6.2 h during the summer and 9.3 h during the spring, and to the Fourmile Creek 8.4 km downstream site times were 18 and 8.8 h, respectively. Discharge was measured at each site, and integrated composite samples were collected and analyzed for >200 organic contaminants including metal complexing agents, nonionic surfactant degradates, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and pesticides. The highest concentration (>100 mu g L-1) compounds detected in both WWTP effluents were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4-nonylphenolethoxycarboxylate oligomers, both of which persisted for at least 7 km downstream from the WWTPs. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals were lower (<1 mu g L-1), and several compounds, including carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole, were detected throughout the study reaches. After accounting for in-stream dilution, a complex mixture of contaminants showed little attenuation and was persistent in the receiving streams at concentrations with potential ecosystem implications. C1 [Barber, Larry B.; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Brown, Greg K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.; Sandstrom, Mark W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 FU USGS National Research Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was supported by the USGS National Research Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Susan Glassmeyer from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for analytical support, as well as the Iowa Policy Project, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Iowa Geological Survey. In addition, we thank Floyd Bebler from the City of Boulder and Ken Plager from the City of Ankeny for site access. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 141 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2177 EP 2188 DI 10.1021/es303720g PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 102KT UT WOS:000315844200007 PM 23398602 ER PT J AU Mahon, AR Jerde, CL Galaska, M Bergner, JL Chadderton, WL Lodge, DM Hunter, ME Nico, LG AF Mahon, Andrew R. Jerde, Christopher L. Galaska, Matthew Bergner, Jennifer L. Chadderton, W. Lindsay Lodge, David M. Hunter, Margaret E. Nico, Leo G. TI Validation of eDNA Surveillance Sensitivity for Detection of Asian Carps in Controlled and Field Experiments SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA AB In many North American rivers, populations of multiple species of non-native cyprinid fishes are present, including black carp (Mylpharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and goldfish (Carassius auratus). All six of these species are found in the Mississippi River basin and tracking their invasion has proven difficult, particularly where abundance is low. Knowledge of the location of the invasion front is valuable to natural resource managers because future ecological and economic damages can be most effectively prevented when populations are low. To test the accuracy of environmental DNA (eDNA) as an early indicator of species occurrence and relative abundance, we applied eDNA technology to the six non-native cyprinid species putatively present in a 2.6 river mile stretch of the Chicago (IL, USA) canal system that was subsequently treated with piscicide. The proportion of water samples yielding positive detections increased with relative abundance of the six species, as indicated by the number of carcasses recovered after poisoning. New markers for black carp, grass carp, and a common carp/goldfish are reported and details of the marker testing to ensure specificity are provided. C1 [Mahon, Andrew R.; Bergner, Jennifer L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Galaska, Matthew; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Galaska, Matthew; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chadderton, W. Lindsay] Notre Dame Environm Change Initiat, Great Lakes Project, Nat Conservancy, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Hunter, Margaret E.; Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mahon, AR (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM mahon2a@cmich.edu FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental DNA surveillance - Applied early detection; GLAS [FY10-S-T024-O169-2]; NOAA CSCOR [NA09NOS4780192]; College of Science and Technology at Central Michigan University FX The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental DNA surveillance - Applied early detection; GLAS#: FY10-S-T024-O169-2), the NOAA CSCOR (#NA09NOS4780192), and the College of Science and Technology at Central Michigan University supported this research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 11 U2 191 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58316 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058316 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099RC UT WOS:000315637900124 PM 23472178 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Hall, JS Flint, PL Franson, JC Ely, CR Schmutz, JA Samuel, MD AF Wilson, Heather M. Hall, Jeffery S. Flint, Paul L. Franson, J. Christian Ely, Craig R. Schmutz, Joel A. Samuel, Michael D. TI High Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Avian Influenza Viruses among Wild Waterfowl in Alaska: Implications for Surveillance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MUTE SWANS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; NATURAL INFECTION; DISEASE SPREAD; ASIAN LINEAGE; A VIRUSES; H5N1; BIRDS; DUCKS AB We examined seroprevalence (presence of detectable antibodies in serum) for avian influenza viruses (AIV) among 4,485 birds, from 11 species of wild waterfowl in Alaska (1998-2010), sampled during breeding/molting periods. Seroprevalence varied among species (highest in eiders (Somateria and Polysticta species), and emperor geese (Chen canagica)), ages (adults higher than juveniles), across geographic locations (highest in the Arctic and Alaska Peninsula) and among years in tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus). All seroprevalence rates in excess of 60% were found in marine-dependent species. Seroprevalence was much higher than AIV infection based on rRT-PCR or virus isolation alone. Because pre-existing AIV antibodies can infer some protection against highly pathogenic AIV (HPAI H5N1), our results imply that some wild waterfowl in Alaska could be protected from lethal HPAIV infections. Seroprevalence should be considered in deciphering patterns of exposure, differential infection, and rates of AIV transmission. Our results suggest surveillance programs include species and populations with high AIV seroprevalences, in addition to those with high infection rates. Serologic testing, including examination of serotype-specific antibodies throughout the annual cycle, would help to better assess spatial and temporal patterns of AIV transmission and overall disease dynamics. C1 [Wilson, Heather M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hall, Jeffery S.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Flint, Paul L.; Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. EM heather_wilson@fws.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) Avian Influenza Surveillance Program in Alaska; United States Geological Survey; United States Geological Survey and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) Avian Influenza Surveillance Program in Alaska, with special thanks to Kim Trust and the United States Geological Survey. Additional support was provided via federal funds from the United States Geological Survey and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58308 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058308 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099RC UT WOS:000315637900123 PM 23472177 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Hall, JS Schmutz, JA Pearce, JM Terenzi, J Sedinger, JS Ip, HS AF Ely, Craig R. Hall, Jeffrey S. Schmutz, Joel A. Pearce, John M. Terenzi, John Sedinger, James S. Ip, Hon S. TI Evidence that Life History Characteristics of Wild Birds Influence Infection and Exposure to Influenza A Viruses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CANADA GEESE; NORTHERN EUROPE; PACIFIC FLYWAY; AQUATIC BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE AB We report on life history characteristics, temporal, and age-related effects influencing the frequency of occurrence of avian influenza (AI) viruses in four species of migratory geese breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Emperor geese (Chen canagica), cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii), greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), and black brant (Branta bernicla), were all tested for active infection of AI viruses upon arrival in early May, during nesting in June, and while molting in July and August, 2006-2010 (n = 14,323). Additionally, prior exposure to AI viruses was assessed via prevalence of antibodies from sera samples collected during late summer in 2009 and 2010. Results suggest that geese are uncommonly infected by low pathogenic AI viruses while in Alaska. The percent of birds actively shedding AI viruses varied annually, and was highest in 2006 and 2010 (1-3%) and lowest in 2007, 2008, and 2009 (<0.70%). Contrary to findings in ducks, the highest incidence of infected birds was in late spring when birds first arrived from staging and wintering areas. Despite low prevalence, most geese were previously exposed to AI viruses, as indicated by high levels of seroprevalence during late summer (47%-96% across species; n = 541). Seroprevalence was >95% for emperor geese, a species that spends part of its life cycle in Asia and is endemic to Alaska and the Bering Sea region, compared to 40-60% for the other three species, whose entire life cycles are within the western hemisphere. Birds <45 days of age showed little past exposure to AI viruses, although antibodies were detected in samples from 5-week old birds in 2009. Seroprevalence of known age black brant revealed that no birds <4 years old had seroconverted, compared to 49% of birds >= 4 years of age. C1 [Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Pearce, John M.; Terenzi, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM cely@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX The research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e57614 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057614 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099PY UT WOS:000315634900031 PM 23469210 ER PT J AU Cooper, AK AF Cooper, Alan K. TI Future progress in Antarctic science: improving data care, sharing and collaboration SO EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (ISAES) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE Antarctic Treaty; data bank; data library; data management; data sharing; digital data; IGY; IPY; SCAR; SDLS; WDC; WDS AB Data are the foundation of modern observational science. High-quality science relies on high quality data. In Antarctica, unlike elsewhere, researchers must disperse data and conduct science differently. They must work within the laws enacted under Antarctic Treaty that defines Antarctica as a continent for peace and science, where data sharing and international collaboration are requisite keystones. Scientists also work under oversight guidance of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). In the last decade, rapid technological advances and vast increase in digital data volumes have changed the ways data are acquired, communicated, analysed, displayed and reported. Yet, the underlying science culture in which data are funded, utilised and cared for has changed little. Science-culture changes are needed for greater progress in Antarctic science. We briefly summarise and discuss aspects of Antarctic 'data care', which is a subset of data management. We offer perceptions on how changes to some aspects of current science-culture could inspire greater data sharing and international collaboration, to achieve greater success. The changes would place greater emphasis on data visualisation, higher national priority on data care, implementation of a data-library concept for data sharing, greater individual responsibility for data care, and further integration of cultural arts into data and science presentations. Much effort has gone into data management in the international community, and there are many excellent examples of successful collaborative Antarctic science programs within SCAR built on existing data sets. Yet, challenges in data care remain and specific suggestions we make deserve attention by the science community, to further promote peace and progress in Antarctic science. C1 [Cooper, Alan K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cooper, Alan K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cooper, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1755-6910 EI 1755-6929 J9 EARTH ENV SCI T R SO JI Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1017/S1755691013000091 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 298ZX UT WOS:000330364900006 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Seal, RR Bove, M Civitillo, D Cosenza, A Grezzi, G AF Ayuso, Robert A. Foley, Nora K. Seal, Robert R., II Bove, Marianna Civitillo, Diego Cosenza, Antonio Grezzi, Giuseppe TI Lead isotope evidence for metal dispersal at the Callahan Cu-Zn-Pb mine: Goose Pond tidal estuary, Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Lead isotope geochemistry; Abandoned open-pit mine; Zn-Cu-Pb; Intertidal zone; Estuary; Quantitative mineralogical modeling ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; SMELTER EMISSIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STREAM SEDIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN AB The abandoned massive sulfide Callahan mine, coastal Maine, is unique because the open pit operation was sited in a drained marine estuary. About 5 million tons of sulfide-bearing waste and unprocessed ore remain on-site bordering ponds and tidal flats that comprise the estuary proper (US-EPA Superfund site). The prominence and position of the waste relative to the tidal estuary constitute key features representing point sources of heavily contaminated debris. The massive sulfides are hosted by bimodal volcanic rocks of the Cambrian Castine Volcanics (basalt and rhyolite). Sulfide minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and minor galena. A total of 275 analyses of Pb isotopes were done to fully characterize barren volcanic and hydrothermally-altered and mineralized rocks, massive sulfides and disseminated sulfides, waste rock (and tailings) and pond sediments from drill cores, pit water, seeps, and aquatic biota (lobsters, crabs, and bivalves). Lead isotope compositions show a wide range in Pb-206/Pb-204 (17.972-20.239), Pb-207/Pb-204 (15.525-15.664), and Pb-208/Pb-204 (37.591-40.000) and extend from relatively unradiogenic massive sulfides to more radiogenic country rocks and sediments. Tailings, waste rocks, and pond sediments plot in a triangular area in standard Pb isotope diagrams, limited by the trend for the relatively unradiogenic massive sulfides (nearly constant and low Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios and somewhat variable but low Pb-207/Pb-204) and a poorly defined but relatively more radiogenic component (high Pb-206/Pb-204 and Pb-207/Pb-204). Estuary sediments adjacent to the tailings pile and waste rocks have high metal abundances and exhibit the closest resemblance to the massive sulfide isotopic compositions. Bivalve shells obtained from estuary core sediments have growth zones with contents of Pb (5-76 ppm), Zn (6-443 ppm), and Cu (0-262 ppm) that do not vary systematically from zone to zone, and that display no correlation to geographic distribution. The bivalves incorporated lead and other metals by ingesting suspended fine sulfide and silicate particles in addition to dissolved metals in the contaminated waters of the estuary. Water from the open pit and from seeps draining the tailings pile (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 17.972-18.504, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.501-15.590) overlaps the massive sulfide ore. The pit water maintains its isotopic resemblance to the massive sulfides partly by the influx of seeps draining the rock waste and tailings piles. Galena and other sulfides weather as acidic meteoric water filters through the waste piles. Fractures provide avenues for in-situ oxidation, redistribution of Pb++ and SO4--, and precipitation of fine-grained anglesite and/or cerussite (depending on the activities of H+, HCO3-; and sulfate) in veinlets. A rise in pH above 4.5 and reaction of fluid with calcite in the tailings results in removal of more than 65% of Pb (including anglesite precipitate) by sorption to iron-oxyhydroxide precipitates. Pb transport in the Callahan system is thus likely to occur dominantly within solid phases (galena -> anglesite + Fe-oxide -> cerussite/carbonate + Fe-oxide) rather than dissolved in solution. Mass wasting of such fine Pb-bearing solid particulates from the waste and tailing piles likely accounts for the largest fraction of the Pb load in the estuary. Lead-bearing water from the Callahan mine is transferred out of the site and available to lobsters and crabs; the aquatic biota thus partly reflect compositions (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.021-18.539, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.497-15.627) within the range of the ores and tailings. The contaminating effects radiating from the mine are intense adjoining the tailings piles and waste rock and adjacent to the site. These effects are significantly attenuated and essentially undistinguishable from natural background in a short distance (similar to 1 km). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Foley, Nora K.; Seal, Robert R., II; Bove, Marianna; Civitillo, Diego; Cosenza, Antonio; Grezzi, Giuseppe] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bove, Marianna; Civitillo, Diego; Cosenza, Antonio; Grezzi, Giuseppe] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Naples, Italy. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 126 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.013 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 300YK UT WOS:000330499700001 ER PT J AU Moe, D Longhenry, R AF Moe, Donald Longhenry, Ryan TI METRICALLY PRESERVING THE USGS AERIAL FILM ARCHIVE SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Moe, Donald] USGS EROS, SGT Inc, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. [Longhenry, Ryan] USGS EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD USA. RP Moe, D (reprint author), USGS EROS, SGT Inc, Contract G10PC00044, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. EM dmoe@usgs.gov; rlonghenry@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 3 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295BU UT WOS:000330092400001 ER PT J AU Platt, SG Thorbjarnarson, JB Rainwater, TR Martin, DR AF Platt, Steven G. Thorbjarnarson, John B. Rainwater, Thomas R. Martin, David R. TI Diet of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Marine Environments of Coastal Belize SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MORELETS CROCODILE; ESTUARINE CROCODILE; POPULATION STATUS; NORTHERN BELIZE; QUINTANA-ROO; FOOD-HABITS; POROSUS; MEXICO; CONSERVATION; ALLIGATOR AB We studied diet and size-related dietary patterns among American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in marine habitats of coastal Belize (1996-1997). Prey items recovered from crocodile (N = 97) stomach contents included insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Based on an overlapping group analysis of percent occurrence, we concluded that hatchlings and small juveniles feed largely on insects and crustaceans, larger juveniles broaden their diet to include fish and nonfish vertebrates, subadults consume increasing amounts of crustaceans with lesser amounts of insects and nonfish vertebrates, and adults subsist primarily on marine crustaceans. Dietary diversity was uniformly low across all size classes but greatest among small and large juveniles. Conversely, hatchlings, subadults, and adults had the most specialized (least diverse) diet owing to reliance upon a limited selection of prey, largely insects (hatchlings) or crustaceans (subadults and adults). Dietary overlap was greatest between adjacent size classes and lowest between the largest and smallest size classes. The high prevalence of freshly ingested prey among all size classes indicates frequent, regular feeding by C. acutus in coastal habitats, perhaps driven by the relatively small size of frequently consumed prey such as crabs. Because crabs have a blood salt content equivalent to the external medium and comprise a large portion of the diet, these prey likely impose a high osmoregulatory burden on C. acutus inhabiting hyperosmotic coastal environments. Contrary to earlier assertions that salt glands in C. acutus lack the excretory capacity to balance salt and water, we suggest populations in coastal Belize rely on these glands in addition to behavioral strategies to maintain osmotic homeostasis. C1 [Platt, Steven G.; Thorbjarnarson, John B.] New York Zool Soc, Wildlife Conservat Int, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Martin, David R.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Math, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Carolina Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com FU United Nations Development Program, Global Environmental Facility; Wildlife Conservation Society; Lamanai Field Research Center; U. S. EPA [R826310]; ARCS Foundation (Lubbock, Texas Chapter) scholarship FX This project was funded by grants from the United Nations Development Program, Global Environmental Facility. Support for SGP and JBT was provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society. TRR was supported by the Lamanai Field Research Center, U. S. EPA (Grant no. R826310), and an ARCS Foundation (Lubbock, Texas Chapter) scholarship. Research permits (Belize CD/72/2/96 [24], CD/72/2/97 [24]) were issued by R. Manzanero and E. Cano of the Conservation Division, Forest Department, Belmopan, Belize. We also wish to express our gratitude to D. Barrow and K. M. Toure of the University College of Belize; P. Raines, S. Wells, and Coral Cay Conservation; J. Gibson and the Coastal Zone Management Unit; R. Noonan and Gold Button Ranch; M. and M. Howells and Lamanai Outpost Lodge; and R. and C. Foster, K. McGlothlin, K. Craig, R. Elsey, M. Sabal, and M. Miller and Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. Invaluable field assistance was provided by L. Medlock, S. Nichols, T. Crabtree, and numerous volunteers from Coral Cay Conservation. Comments by L. Medlock and two anonymous reviewers improved an early draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our co-author J. B. Thorbjarnarson (1957-2010) in recognition of a life devoted to the study and conservation of the world's crocodilians. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 44 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1670/12-077 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 264TG UT WOS:000327903300002 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Williams, JM AF Wood, Petra Bohall Williams, Jennifer M. TI Impact of Valley Fills on Streamside Salamanders in Southern West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; AMPHIBIANS; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; SELENIUM; DENSITY; OREGON AB Valley fills associated with mountaintop-removal mining bury stream headwaters and affect water quality and ecological function of reaches below fills. We quantified relative abundance of streamside salamanders in southern West Virginia during 2002 in three streams below valley fills (VFS) and in three reference streams (RS). We surveyed 36 10- x 2-m stream transects, once in summer and fall, paired by order and structure. Of 2,343 salamanders captured, 66.7% were from RS. Total salamanders (adults plus larvae) were more abundant in RS than VFS for first-order and second-order reaches. Adult salamanders had greater abundance in first-order reaches of RS than VFS. Larval salamanders were more abundant in second-order reaches of RS than VFS. No stream width or mesohabitat variables differed between VFS and RS. Only two cover variables differed. Silt cover, greater in VFS than RS first-order reaches, is a likely contributor to reduced abundance of salamanders in VFS. Second-order RS had more boulder cover than second-order VFS, which may have contributed to the higher total and larval salamander abundance in RS. Water chemistry assessments of our VFS and RS reported elevated levels of metal and ion concentrations in VFS, which can depress macroinvertebrate populations and likely affect salamander abundance. Valley fills appear to have significant negative effects on stream salamander abundance due to alterations in habitat structure, water quality and chemistry, and macroinvertebrate communities in streams below fills. C1 [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Williams, Jennifer M.] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 313 Percival Hall,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu FU USEPA; West Virginia State Legislature; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; West Virginia University Research Corporation FX Research funding was provided by the USEPA, West Virginia State Legislature, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, and West Virginia University Research Corporation. We thank the landowners in our study area for site access. For field assistance, we thank A. Carroll, S. Bacharach, M. Balcerzak, H. D. Chamblin, T. Dellinger, J. Martin, J. Simmons, B. Sparks, G. Williams, and J. Woolard. Dr. T. Pauley, Marshall University herpetologist, provided assistance with identification of larval salamanders. The late Dr. G. Seidel, West Virginia University statistician, provided invaluable statistical guidance. G. Pond, USEPA, provided water-quality data collected in our study streams. N. McCoard and G. Pond provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. The study was conducted in compliance with West Virginia University animal care and use guidelines and under a permit from the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1670/11-187 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 264TG UT WOS:000327903300017 ER PT J AU Cox, BR Boulanger, RW Tokimatsu, K Wood, CM Abe, A Ashford, S Donahue, J Ishihara, K Kayen, R Katsumata, K Kishida, T Kokusho, T Mason, HB Moss, R Stewart, JP Tohyama, K Zekkos, D AF Cox, Brady R. Boulanger, Ross W. Tokimatsu, Kohji Wood, Clinton M. Abe, Akio Ashford, Scott Donahue, Jennifer Ishihara, Kenji Kayen, Robert Katsumata, Kota Kishida, Tadahiro Kokusho, Takaji Mason, H. Benjamin Moss, Robb Stewart, Jonathan P. Tohyama, Kazushi Zekkos, Dimitrios TI Liquefaction at Strong Motion Stations and in Urayasu City during the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CONE PENETRATION TEST AB The 2011 M-W = 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake generated a large number of unique soil liquefaction case histories, including cases with strong ground motion recordings on liquefiable or potentially liquefiable soils. We have compiled a list of 22 strong motion stations (SMS) where surface evidence of liquefaction was observed and 16 SMS underlain by geologically recent sediments or fills where surface evidence of liquefaction was not observed. Pre-earthquake standard penetration test data and borehole shear wave velocity (V-s) profiles are available for some stations, but critical information, such as grain size distribution and fines plasticity, are often lacking. In the heavily damaged city of Urayasu, we performed post-earthquake cone penetration testing at seven SMS and V-s profiles, using surface wave methods at 28 additional locations to supplement existing geotechnical data. We describe the liquefaction effects in Urayasu, the available site characterization data, and our initial data interpretations. C1 [Cox, Brady R.; Wood, Clinton M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78730 USA. [Boulanger, Ross W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tokimatsu, Kohji; Katsumata, Kota; Tohyama, Kazushi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Abe, Akio] Tokyo Soil Res Co Ltd, Tokyo 1520021, Japan. [Ashford, Scott; Mason, H. Benjamin] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Donahue, Jennifer] Geosyntec, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Ishihara, Kenji; Kokusho, Takaji] Chuo Univ, Tokyo 1368577, Japan. [Kayen, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moss, Robb] Cal Poly State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Env Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zekkos, Dimitrios] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cox, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78730 USA. RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1138203]; NSF [CMMI-1138168, CMMI-00323914] FX The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided support for geotechnical reconnaissance of this earthquake through a RAPID award to Ross W. Boulanger, UC Davis, and Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, under grant #CMMI-1138203. NSF supported the field surface wave and CPT testing through a RAPID award to Brady Cox at University of Arkansas, under grant #CMMI-1138168. GEER is supported by the NSF under grant #CMMI-00323914. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Additional support for travel was provided by Fugro, Geosyntec, Kleinfelder, and the U.S. Geological Survey. GEER team members included, in addition to the authors, Pedro Arduino, Dominic Assimaki, Jonathan Bray, Shideh Dashti, Craig Davis, David Frost, Les Harder, Jr., Youssef Hashash, Laurie Johnson, Keith Kelson, Steven Kramer, Jorge Meneses, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Kyle Rollins, Isabelle Ryder, Ashley Streig, Joe Wartman, and Josh Zupan. Teams from GEER collaborated with colleagues in Japan and teams from the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Federal Highways Administration. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 SU 1 BP S55 EP S80 DI 10.1193/1.4000110 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 256NG UT WOS:000327317900005 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Midorikawa, S Graves, RW Khodaverdi, K Kishida, T Miura, H Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, KW AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Midorikawa, Saburoh Graves, Robert W. Khodaverdi, Khatareh Kishida, Tadahiro Miura, Hiroyuki Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth W. TI Implications of the M(w)9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake for Ground Motion Scaling with Source, Path, and Site Parameters SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE MODEL; FORE-ARC; ATTENUATION; JAPAN; VELOCITY; REGIONS; ZONE AB The M(w)9.0 Tohoku-oki Japan earthquake produced approximately 2,000 ground motion recordings. We consider 1,238 three-component accelerograms corrected with component-specific low-cut filters. The recordings have rupture distances between 44 km and 1,000 km, time-averaged shear wave velocities of V-S30 90 m/s to 1,900 m/s, and usable response spectral periods of 0.01 sec to > 10 sec. The data support the notion that the increase of ground motions with magnitude saturates at large magnitudes. High-frequency ground motions demonstrate faster attenuation with distance in backarc than in forearc regions, which is only captured by one of the four considered ground motion prediction equations for subduction earthquakes. Recordings within 100 km of the fault are used to estimate event terms, which are generally positive (indicating model underprediction) at short periods and zero or negative (overprediction) at long periods. We find site amplification to scale minimally with V-S30 at high frequencies, in contrast with other active tectonic regions, but to scale strongly with V-S30 at low frequencies. C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.; Khodaverdi, Khatareh] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Midorikawa, Saburoh; Miura, Hiroyuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro; Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu RI Miura, Hiroyuki/I-6749-2013 OI Miura, Hiroyuki/0000-0001-9318-2269 FU Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association; National Science Foundation; USGS, through NEHRP FX The participation of the first author in reconnaissance activities for this earthquake was supported by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, which receives financial support from the National Science Foundation. Partial support from the USGS, through NEHRP funding to PEER, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Elizabeth Cochran, Paul Spudich, Gail Atkinson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and insightful reviews of this manuscript, which have improved the final product. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 SU 1 BP S1 EP S21 DI 10.1193/1.4000115 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 256NG UT WOS:000327317900002 ER PT J AU Vaquero, M Allue, E Bischoff, JL Burjachs, F Vallverdu, J AF Vaquero, Manuel Allue, Ethel Bischoff, James L. Burjachs, Francesc Vallverdu, Josep TI ENVIRONMENTAL, DEPOSITIONAL AND CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE: THE CINGLERA DEL CAPELLO SEQUENCE (CAPELLADES, SPAIN) SO QUATERNAIRE LA English DT Article DE Last glacial; Early Holocene; Cinglera del Capello; pollen analysis; cave sediments; cultural change; paleoenvironment ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; ABRIC-ROMANI; DANSGAARD-OESCHGER; HUMAN ADAPTATIONS; URANIUM-SERIES; GREENLAND ICE; U-SERIES; CLIMATE; TRANSITION; MIDDLE AB The correlation between environmental and cultural changes is one of the primary archeological and paleoanthropological research topics. Analysis of ice and marine cores has yielded a high-resolution record of millennial-scale changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene eras. However, cultural changes are documented in low-resolution continental deposits; thus, their correlation with the millennial-scale climatic sequence is often difficult. In this paper, we present a rare occurrence in which a thick archeological sequence is associated with a high-resolution environmental record. The Cinglera del Capello is a tufa-draped cliff located in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, 50 km west of Barcelona. This cliff harbors several rock-shelters with Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits. Together, the deposits of four rock-shelters span from 7000 to 70,000 years ago and provide a high-resolution record of the environmental and human dynamics during this timespan. This record allows the correlation of the cultural and environmental changes. The multiproxy approach to the Cinglera evidence indicates that the main cultural stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic) are associated with significant changes in the environmental and depositional contexts. C1 [Vaquero, Manuel; Allue, Ethel; Vallverdu, Josep] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Area Prehist, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain. [Vaquero, Manuel; Allue, Ethel; Burjachs, Francesc; Vallverdu, Josep] IPHES, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Burjachs, Francesc] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. RP Vaquero, M (reprint author), Univ Rovira & Virgili, Area Prehist, Av Catalunya 135, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain. EM manuel.vaquero@urv.net RI Vallverdu i Poch, Josep/B-7121-2014; Burjachs, Francesc/G-2064-2015 OI Burjachs, Francesc/0000-0002-7200-9552 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [HUM2007-62915] FX The Departament de Cultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Diputacio de Barcelona, Ajuntament de Capellades, and Arts Grafiques Romanya-Valls S.A provided support for the Cinglera del Capello excavations. This research was partly sponsored by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (HUM2007-62915). We would like to thank Florent Rivals for correcting the French abstract and captions. We also want to thank Brian Edwards, Benjamin Schwartz and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC GEOLOGIQUE FRANCE PI PARIS PA 77, RUE CLAUDE-BERNARD, PARIS, F-75005, FRANCE SN 1142-2904 J9 QUATERNAIRE JI Quaternaire PD MAR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 226OI UT WOS:000325045300005 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, Clifford M. TI The 28th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1989 SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB The 28th International Geological Congress (IGC) met from 9 to 19 August 1989 in Washington, District of Columbia, the site of the 5th (1891) and 16th (1933) IGCs. More than 6,000 persons, from the United States of America (USA) and 103 other countries, came to Washington for the 28th IGC, thirteen of them having previously attended the 16th IGC. The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences acted as the principal hosts, in cooperation with thirty scientific societies and seven industrial organizations. As sponsors, 115 organizations and five individuals provided financial support. The fourteen themes of the 360 scientific and technical sessions, and ninety poster-paper sessions, included aspects of the dynamic Earth in space and time, mathematical geology, and comparative planetology. Two half-day colloquia of invited presentations provided a planetary perspective on the Apollo lunar-landing program and the Earth's natural resources. Invited speakers in a late-afternoon series of plenary sessions gave forty-five-minute overviews of the international programs for the decade of natural disaster reduction, geological correlation, geosphere biosphere, lithosphere, ocean drilling, and sedimentary geology. Two hundred and thirty-three exhibitors, from twenty-six countries, presented displays. Other activities included a Youth Congress, evening lectures' and receptions, local tours, institutional exhibits, and an all-member evening picnic on the Mall on 18 July. Innovations included poster-paper sessions, an extensive program of short courses and workshops, the Gazette (a daily newspaper), and a field trip to Antarctica (in January 1989). One hundred and three additional field excursions, held before, during, or after the 28th IGC and each with a guidebook, took participants to geologically diverse parts of the USA, Antarctica, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The Congress's general-proceedings volume appeared in 1990. Surplus moneys from the Congress provided a foundation for a '28th IGC Fund', managed by the Geological Society of America Foundation, principally to support attendance at future IGCs and the preparation of the next IGC held in the USA. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 950 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cnelson@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC INDIA PI BANGALORE PA NO 63, 12TH CORSS, BASAPPA LAY OUT, GAVIPURAM PO, PO BOX 1922, BANGALORE, 560-019, INDIA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 191PY UT WOS:000322426300008 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Chipps, SR Graeb, BDS Edwards, KR AF Fincel, Mark J. Chipps, Steven R. Graeb, Brian D. S. Edwards, Kris R. TI Larval gizzard shad characteristics in Lake Oahe, South Dakota: a species at the northern edge of its range SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dorosoma cepedianum; age-0; zooplankton; spatial variability; population dynamics; forage species ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; DOROSOMA-CEPEDIANUM; LARGEMOUTH BASS; GROWTH; RESERVOIR; PREY; WALLEYE; ZOOPLANKTON; CONSUMPTION; PLANKTIVORE AB Gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, have generally been restricted to the lower Missouri River impoundments in South Dakota. In recent years, gizzard shad numbers have increased in Lake Oahe, marking the northern-most natural population. These increases could potentially affect recreational fishes. Specifically, questions arise about larval gizzard shad growth dynamics and if age-0 gizzard shad in Lake Oahe will exhibit fast or slow growth, both of which can have profound effects on piscivore populations in this reservoir. In this study, we evaluated larval gizzard shad hatch timing, growth, and density in Lake Oahe. We collected larval gizzard shad from six sites from May to July 2008 and used sagittal otoliths to estimate the growth and back-calculate the hatch date. We found that larval gizzard shad hatched earlier in the upper part of the reservoir compared to the lower portion and that hatch date appeared to correspond to warming water temperatures. The peak larval gizzard shad density ranged from 0.6 to 33.6 (#/100m(3)) and varied significantly among reservoir sites. Larval gizzard shad growth ranged from 0.24 to 0.57 (mm/d) and differed spatially within the reservoir. We found no relationship between the larval gizzard shad growth or density and small- or large-bodied zooplankton density (p>0.05). As this population exhibits slow growth and low densities, gizzard shad should remain a suitable forage option for recreational fishes in Lake Oahe. C1 [Fincel, Mark J.; Edwards, Kris R.] South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [Fincel, Mark J.; Graeb, Brian D. S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@state.sd.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R, 1515]; US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX G. Adams Jr, B. Hanten, C. Longhenry, J. Lott, and K. Potter from South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks and Dr. M. Brown, Dr. B. Fincel, Dr. D. James, W. Schrek, B. Swanson, B. VanDeHey, Dr. J. VanDeHey, Dr. D. Willis, Dr. M. Wuellner, and A. Wuestewald provided technical assistance, reviews of earlier drafts, and field and laboratory assistance. Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1515, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.709887 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900002 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Quist, MC Dinsmore, SJ Gaines, DB Bower, MR AF Dzul, Maria C. Quist, Michael C. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Gaines, D. Bailey Bower, Michael R. TI Coarse-scale movement patterns of a small-bodied fish inhabiting a desert stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE movement patterns; sex ratio; pupfish; Death Valley; desert streams ID PUPFISH CYPRINODON; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; HABITAT PATCHES; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMIGRATION; SALMONIDS; EVOLUTION; PARADIGM; DYNAMICS AB Located on the floor of Death Valley (CA, USA), Salt Creek harbors a single fish species, the Salt Creek pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus salinus, which has adapted to this extremely harsh environment. Salt Creek is fed by an underground spring and is comprised of numerous pools, runs, and marshes that exhibit substantial variability in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. In addition, the wetted area of Salt Creek is reduced throughout the summer months due to high rates of evaporation, with some reaches drying completely. Therefore, it seems logical that short- and long-term movement patterns may play an important role in Salt Creek pupfish population dynamics. The objective of this study was to describe coarse-scale movements of Salt Creek pupfish in Salt Creek during their breeding season from March to May. Sex ratios and length-frequency distributions varied spatially within Salt Creek, suggesting population segregation during the breeding season. Long-distance movements were generally rare, although two fish moved more than 1.2km. Movement in upstream reaches was rare or absent, in contrast to the greater movement observed in downstream reaches (29% of recaptures). Temporal trends and demographic patterns in movement were not observed. Because the two most downstream habitats dry up in the summer, our results indicate that coarse-scale movements that re-populate downstream reaches likely occur during other times of year. Consequently, the importance of small- and large-scale movements is influenced by season. Further assessment of Salt Creek movement patterns conducted during other times of year may better illuminate long-distance movement patterns and source-sink dynamics. C1 [Dzul, Maria C.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gaines, D. Bailey] Natl Pk Serv, Pahrump, NV 89048 USA. [Bower, Michael R.] US Forest Serv, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mariadzul@gmail.com FU Death Valley Natural History Association (DVNHA); University of Idaho; US Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Death Valley Natural History Association (DVNHA) for helping fund this study. Candace Lieber (DVNHA) and David Blacker (DVNHA) were very helpful with logistics for the study. The study included an educational outreach component, organized by the National Park Service (NPS) and partly funded by DVNHA, which educated 244 elementary and high school students about Salt Creek pupfish ecology in Death Valley National Park. S. Kyriazis (NPS) helped organize educational curriculum for students. In addition, we are grateful for the help of K. Wilson (NPS). We thank numerous volunteers who helped with field sampling, including: D. Wyatt, S. Kyriazis (NPS), J. Snow (NPS), M. Tilman (NPS), J. Tilman (NPS), J. Stoltzfus (NPS), P. Slaton (NPS), V. Schultz, and L. Finn (NPS). Furthermore, J. Stark (NPS) provided help with GIS mapping of Salt Creek. S. Parmenter (California Department of Fish and Game) provided biological insight and helped with permitting. This study was conducted under the California Department of Fish and Game permit number 803089-02, and NPS permit number DEVA-2009-SCI-0038. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, US Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.718250 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900003 ER PT J AU Waldt, EM Abbett, R Johnson, JH Dittman, DE McKenna, JE AF Waldt, Emily M. Abbett, Ross Johnson, James H. Dittman, Dawn E. McKenna, James E. TI Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding periodicity; gut contents; nocturnal feeding; Anguilla rostrata ID NEW-ZEALAND; SELECTION; FOOD AB American eel (Anguilla rostrata), a once common species, is now in decline throughout much of its native range in North America. There is little information on the role of American eel in river food webs. A better understanding of the diet and ecological role of American eel will help in the conservation of this important species. During autumn 2009, eel and aquatic invertebrate samples were collected from Hannacroix Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River, in Albany and Greene counties, New York, USA. Eel diet was analyzed by the eel size and time period (day or night). A high proportion of eel stomachs were empty (73%). Eel diets varied among size classes and day and night feeding periods (p=0.001). Diet overlap was significant between small and medium eels caught both during the day (=0.71) and at night (=0.84). Nocturnal diet and nocturnal invertebrate samples were similar (=0.65), indicating a preference for bottom feeding during the night. Mayfly nymphs were the major prey consumed in each period by all size classes. Among eels that fed, night-feeding eels had the greatest stomach weight (as a percent of total body weight). The swim-bladder parasite, Anguillicoloides crassus, was also observed in eels of all size classes with nearly 50% afflicted. C1 [Waldt, Emily M.; Abbett, Ross; Johnson, James H.; Dittman, Dawn E.; McKenna, James E.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. RP Waldt, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. EM ewaldt@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.706755 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900009 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Abbett, R Waldt, E David, A Snyder, J AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Abbett, Ross Waldt, Emily David, Anthony Snyder, James TI Hybrid seine for full fish community collections SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beach seine; fish assemblage; gear efficiency; rare species; hybrid gear ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; ESTUARINE FISHES; RIVER AB Seines are simple and effective fish collection gears, but the net mesh size influences how well the catch represents the fish communities. We designed and tested a hybrid seine with a dual-mesh bag (1/4 and 1/8) and compared the fish assemblage collected by each mesh. The fine-mesh net retained three times as many fish and collected more species (as many as eight), including representatives of several rare species, than did the coarser mesh. The dual-mesh bag permitted us to compare both sizes and species retained by each layer and to develop species-specific abundance correction factors, which allowed comparison of catches with the coarse-mesh seine used for earlier collections. The results indicate that a hybrid seine with coarse-mesh wings and a fine-mesh bag would enhance future studies of fish communities, especially when small-bodied fishes or early life stages are the research focus. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Abbett, Ross; Waldt, Emily] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [David, Anthony; Snyder, James] St Regis Mohawk Tribe, Environm Div, Hogansburg, NY 13655 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.695752 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900012 ER PT J AU Cooney, PB Kwak, TJ AF Cooney, Patrick B. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Spatial Extent and Dynamics of Dam Impacts on Tropical Island Freshwater Fish Assemblages SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; diadromy; fish passage; restoration; road crossings ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; PUERTO-RICO; WEST-INDIES; DIADROMOUS FISHES; LONGITUDINAL CONNECTIVITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PASSAGE FACILITIES; HAWAIIAN STREAM; HABITAT; POPULATION AB Habitat connectivity is vital to the persistence of migratory fishes. Native tropical island stream fish assemblages composed of diadromous species require intact corridors between ocean and riverine habitats. High dams block fish migration, but low-head artificial barriers are more widespread and are rarely assessed for impacts. Among all 46 drainages in Puerto Rico, we identified and surveyed 335 artificial barriers that hinder fish migration to 74.5% of the upstream habitat. We also surveyed occupancy of native diadromous fishes (Anguillidae, Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Mugilidae) in 118 river reaches. Occupancy models demonstrated that barriers 2 meters (m) high restricted nongoby fish migration and extirpated those fish upstream of 4-m barriers. Gobies are adapted to climbing and are restricted by 12-m barriers and extirpated upstream of 32-m barriers. Our findings quantitatively illustrate the extensive impact of low-head structures on island stream fauna and provide guidance for natural resource management, habitat restoration, and water development strategies. C1 [Cooney, Patrick B.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cooney, Patrick B.; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Cooney, PB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pbcooney@ncsu.edu; tkwak@ncsu.edu FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration funds [F-50]; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Branch of Habitat Restoration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by grants from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration funds (Project F-50) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Branch of Habitat Restoration. Craig Lilyestrom, Jose Berrios Diaz, Miguel Garcia Bermudez, Nora Alvarez Berrios, Nitza Massini Padilla, Astrid Rodriguez Febus, Leo Miranda, Tamara McCandless, Elissa Buttermore, William Smith, and Gretchen Stokes assisted with administration, logistics, and fieldwork. Ryan Heise and Craig Lilyestrom provided constructive manuscript reviews, and Krishna Pacifici shared statistical expertise. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 3 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 186MI UT WOS:000322048200006 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Barras, JA Williams, SJ AF Brock, John C. Barras, John A. Williams, S. Jeffress TI Introduction to the Special Issue on "Understanding and Predicting Change in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Northern Gulf of Mexico" SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Sea-level rise; hurricanes; vulnerability; modeling; wetland loss; mapping; erosion; paleoclimate; sedimentation; marsh ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; DYNAMIC CHANGES AB The coastal region of the northern Gulf of Mexico owes its current landscape structure to an array of tectonic, erosional and depositional, climatic, geochemical, hydrological, ecological, and human processes that have resulted in some of the world's most complex, dynamic, productive, and threatened ecosystems. Catastrophic hurricane landfalls, ongoing subsidence and erosion exacerbated by sea-level rise, disintegration of barrier island chains, and high rates of wetland loss have called attention to the vulnerability of northern Gulf coast ecosystems, habitats, built infrastructure, and economy to natural and anthropogenic threats. The devastating hurricanes of 2005 (Katrina and Rita) motivated the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and partnering researchers to pursue studies aimed at understanding and predicting landscape change and the associated storm hazard vulnerability of northern Gulf coast region ecosystems and human communities. Attaining this science goal requires increased knowledge of landscape evolution on geologic, historical, and human time scales, and analysis of the implications of such changes in the natural and built components of the landscape for hurricane impact susceptibility. This Special Issue of the Journal of Coastal Research communicates northern Gulf of Mexico research results that (1) improve knowledge of prior climates and depositional environments, (2) assess broad regional ecosystem structure and change over Holocene to human time scales, (3) undertake process studies and change analyses of dynamic landscape components, and (4) integrate framework, climate, variable time and spatial scale mapping, monitoring, and discipline-specific process investigations within interdisciplinary studies. C1 [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbrock@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 32 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.2112/SI63-001.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600001 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Tedesco, KA Spear, JW AF Poore, Richard Z. Tedesco, Kathy A. Spear, Jessica W. TI Seasonal Flux and Assemblage Composition of Planktic Foraminifers from a Sediment-Trap Study in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea-surface temperature; seasonal variability; Holocene; mg/ca; globorotalia truncatulinoides; neogloboquadrina dutertrei; pulleniatina; globorotalia menardii; globigerinoides ruber; globigerinoides sacculifer ID DEEP-WATER FLUXES; SARGASSO SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CARIACO BASIN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MG/CA; VENEZUELA; HOLOCENE AB Sediment-trap samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico reveal that Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina spp. (includes P. obliquiloculata and P. finalis), and the Globorotalia menardii group (includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata) generally occur in cold months. Globigerinoides ruber (white and pink varieties) and Globigerinoides sacculifer occur throughout the year. The seasonal occurrence of individual taxa of planktic foraminifers in the Gulf of Mexico have important differences with the seasonal occurrence of the same taxa observed in a 6-year sediment-trap dataset from the western Sargasso Sea. Thus information on the ecologic preferences of individual taxa determined in one region cannot necessarily be applied directly to another area. In the northern Gulf of Mexico similar to 90% of the total flux of Globorotalia truncatulinoides tests to sediments occurs in January and February. Mg/Ca and d(18)O measurements indicate that nonencrusted forms of Gt. truncatulinoides calcify in the upper-surface-mixed zone. Thus, analyses of nonencrusted Gt. truncatulinoides in sediments of the northern Gulf of Mexico have potential for monitoring past conditions in the winter-surface-mixed layer. The relatively low overall abundance of Globigerinoides ruber (white) in sediment-trap samples is anomalous because Gs. ruber (white) is one of the most abundant foraminifers in >150 mu m census data from northern Gulf of Mexico Holocene sediment core samples. Globigerinoides ruber (pink) is a relatively persistent and common component of the sediment-trap samples. Thus Gs. ruber (pink) has potential as a proxy for mean annual sea-surface temperature in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Tedesco, Kathy A.] Intergovt Oceanog Commiss UNESCO, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project IOCCP, F-75732 Paris 15, France. [Spear, Jessica W.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rpoore@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 6 EP 19 DI 10.2112/SI63-002.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600002 ER PT J AU Flannery, JA Poore, RZ AF Flannery, Jennifer A. Poore, Richard Z. TI Sr/Ca Proxy Sea-Surface Temperature Reconstructions from Modern and Holocene Montastraea faveolata Specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coral; paleoclimate; Caribbean; calibration ID CORAL SKELETONS; CLIMATE; THERMOMETRY; RECORD AB Sr/Ca ratios from skeletal samples from two Montastraea faveolata corals (one modem, one Holocene, similar to 6 Ka) from the Dry Tortugas National Park were measured as a proxy for sea-surface temperature (SST). We sampled coral specimens with a computer- driven triaxial micromilling machine, which yielded an average of 15 homogenous samples per annual growth increment. We regressed Sr/Ca values from resulting powdered samples against a local SST record to obtain a calibration equation of Sr/Ca = -0.0392 SST + 10.205, R = -0.97. The resulting calibration was used to generate a 47-year modem (1961-2008) and a 7-year Holocene (similar to 6 Ka) Sr/Ca subannually resolved proxy record of SST. The modem M faveolata yields well-defined annual Sr/Ca cycles ranging in amplitude from similar to 0.3 and 0.5 mmol/mol. The amplitude of similar to 0.3 to 0.5 mmol/mol equates to a similar to 10-15 degrees C seasonal SST amplitude, which is consistent with available local instrumental records. Summer maxima proxy SSTs calculated from the modem coral Sr/Ca tend to be fairly stable: most SST maxima from 1961-2008 are 29 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. In contrast, winter minimum SST calculated in the 47-year modem time-series are highly variable, with a cool interval in the early to mid-1970s. The Holocene (similar to 6 Ka) Montastraea faveolata coral also yields distinct annual Sr/Ca cycles with amplitudes ranging from similar to 0.3 to 0.6 mmol/mol. Absolute Sr/Ca values and thus resulting SST estimates over the similar to 7-year long record are similar to those from the modem coral. We conclude that Sr/Ca from Montastraea faveolata has high potential for developing subannually resolved Holocene SST records. C1 [Flannery, Jennifer A.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marince Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Flannery, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marince Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflannery@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.2112/SI63-003.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600003 ER PT J AU Twichell, DC Flocks, JG Pendleton, EA Baldwin, WE AF Twichell, David C. Flocks, James G. Pendleton, Elizabeth A. Baldwin, Wayne E. TI Geologic Controls on Regional and Local Erosion Rates of Three Northern Gulf of Mexico Barrier-Island Systems SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Morphology; coastal processes; inner shelf; sediment; Chandeleur Islands; Ship Island; St. George Island ID LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEA-LEVEL; LOUISIANA; FRAMEWORK; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; CAROLINA; ALABAMA; CHAIN; USA AB The stratigraphy of sections of three barrier island systems in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola, Mississippi, and Chandeleur) have been mapped using geophysical and coring techniques to assess the influence of geologic variations in barrier lithosomes and adjoining inner shelf deposits on long-term rates of shoreline change at regional and local scales. Regional scale was addressed by comparing average geologic characteristics of the three areas with mean shoreline-change rates for each area. Regionally, differences in sand volume contained within the part of the barrier lithosome above sea level, sand volume on the inner shelf, and to a lesser extent, sediment grain size correlate with shoreline change rates. Larger sand volumes and coarser grain sizes are found where erosion rates are lower. Local scale was addressed by comparing alongshore variations in barrier island and inner shelf geology with alongshore variations in shoreline change. Locally, long-term shoreline change rates are highest directly shoreward of paleovalleys exposed on the inner shelf. While geology is not the sole explanation for observed differences in shoreline change along these three coastal regions, it is a significant contributor to change variability. C1 [Twichell, David C.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Baldwin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flocks, James G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Twichell, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.2112/SI63-004.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600004 ER PT J AU Reich, CD Poore, RZ Hickey, TD AF Reich, Christopher D. Poore, Richard Z. Hickey, Todd D. TI The Role of Vermetid Gastropods in the Development of the Florida Middle Ground, Northeast Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lithostratigraphy; sea level; radiocarbon dating; Holocene; Pleistocene; sedimentology ID SEA-LEVEL; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; REEFS; CARBONATE; INDICATORS; HISTORY; MARGIN AB The Florida Middle Ground is a complex of north to northwest trending ridges that lie approximately 180 km northwest of Tampa Bay, Florida. The irregular ridges appear on the otherwise gently sloping West Florida shelf and exhibit between 10-15 m of relief. Modern studies interpret the ridges as remnants of a Holocene coral-reef buildup that today provide a hard substrate for growth of a variety of benthic organisms including hydrocorals, scleractinians, alcyonarians, and algae. Recent rotary coring reveals that the core of the eastern ridge of the Florida Middle Ground complex consists of unconsolidated marine calcareous muddy sand that is capped by a boundstone composed primarily of the sessile vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus sp., and overlays a weathered, fossiliferous limestone. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon ages (uncalibrated) on the 3.6-m thick vermetid worm rock indicate that it developed during a sea-level stillstand in the early Holocene (8,225 +/- 30-8,910 +/- 25 yr B.P.). Our observations suggest that the Florida Middle Ground is a remnant of a series of shore parallel bars that formed in the early Holocene and were capped by a 3.6-m thick unit of vermetid gastropods. During a rapid sea-level rise that began similar to 8,000 yr B.P. the vermetids growth ceased and the worm rock preserved the ridges structure. Diver observations document that the edges of the ridges are currently being eroded and undermined by biological activity and current action, leading to calving of large capstone blocks. C1 [Reich, Christopher D.; Poore, Richard Z.; Hickey, Todd D.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Reich, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM creich@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Special gratitude goes to the following dive team members for pulling off the difficult task of collecting the cores: Lee Bodkin, Adam Brame, Kayla Gibbs, Paul Knorr, Keith Ludwig, Justin McInnis, B.J. Reynolds, and Jordan Sanford of the USGS; Anastasio Stathakopoulos of the National Coral Reef Institute at Nova Southeastern University; Libby Carnahan of Florida Sea Grant; and our dive safety officer (DSO) Marc Blouin (USGS). Without the expertise and graciousness of the captain and crew of the M/V Spree this work would not have been completed. Thanks go to Jack McGeehin for radiocarbon analyses, John Jackson for XRD analyses and Lisa Osterman for foraminiferal assemblage identification. Gene Shinn, Al Hine and Stan Locker were essential in providing detailed multibeam and seismic profiles for site selection and discussions on the knowledge of the FMG. Thanks to Thomas Scott and Sam Upchurch at SDII-Global, Inc., and Lynn Wingard and Lucy Edwards of the USGS for assistance in sample identification. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.2112/SI63-005.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600005 ER PT J AU Couvillion, BR Beck, H AF Couvillion, Brady R. Beck, Holly TI Marsh Collapse Thresholds for Coastal Louisiana Estimated Using Elevation and Vegetation Index Data SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marsh collapse; inundation depth; Louisiana; wetland change ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SALT-MARSH; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SALINITY; SUBMERGENCE; RESPONSES; GROWTH; RESTORATION; CAROLINA AB Forecasting marsh collapse in coastal Louisiana as a result of changes in sea-level rise, subsidence, and accretion deficits necessitates an understanding of thresholds beyond which inundation stress impedes marsh survival. The variability in thresholds at which different marsh types cease to occur (Le., marsh collapse) is not well understood. We utilized remotely sensed imagery, field data, and elevation data to help gain insight into the relationships between vegetation health and inundation. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset was calculated using remotely sensed data at peak biomass (August) and used as a proxy for vegetation health and productivity. Statistics were calculated for NDVI values by marsh type for intermediate, brackish, and saline marsh in coastal Louisiana. Marsh-type specific NDVI values of 1.5 and 2 standard deviations below the mean were used as upper and lower limits to identify conditions indicative of collapse. As marshes seldom occur beyond these values, they are believed to represent a range within which marsh collapse is likely to occur. Inundation depth was selected as the primary candidate for evaluation of marsh collapse thresholds. Elevation relative to mean water level (MWL) was calculated by subtracting MWL from an elevation dataset compiled from multiple data types including light detection and ranging (lidar) and bathymetry. A polynomial cubic regression was used to examine a random subset of pixels to determine the relationship between elevation (relative to MWL) and NDVI. The marsh collapse uncertainty range values were found by locating the intercept of the regression line with the 1.5 and 2 standard deviations below the mean NDVI value for each marsh type. Results indicate marsh collapse uncertainty ranges of 30.7-35.8 cm below MWL for intermediate marsh, 20-25.6 cm below MWL for brackish marsh, and 16.9-23.5 cm below MWL for saline marsh. These values are thought to represent the ranges of inundation depths within which marsh collapse is probable. C1 [Couvillion, Brady R.; Beck, Holly] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Couvillion, BR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM couvillionb@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority as part of Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast; USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project FX This research was aided considerably by the cooperation and technical support of the USGS Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS) Center. Funding for this effort was provided by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority as part of Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Additional funding was provided by the USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 33 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.2112/SI63-006.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600006 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Osterman, LE Poore, RZ AF Smith, Christopher G. Osterman, Lisa E. Poore, Richard Z. TI An Examination of Historical Inorganic Sedimentation and Organic Matter Accumulation in Several Marsh Types within the Mobile Bay and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta Region SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lead-210 geochronology; mass accumulation rates; hurricanes; floods ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; RATES; ACCRETION; ALABAMA; PB-210; CS-137; HURRICANES; EVOLUTION AB Mass accumulation rates (MAR; g cm(-2) y(-1)), linear sedimentation rates (LSR; cm y(-1)), and core geochronology derived from excess lead-210 (Pb-210) profiles and inventories measured in six sediment cores collected from marsh sites from the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta and Mobile Bay region record the importance of both continuous and event-driven inorganic sedimentation over the last 120 years. MAR in freshwater marshes varied considerably between sites and through time (0.24 and 1.31 g cm(-2) y(-1)). The highest MARs occurred in the 1950s and 1960s and correspond to record discharge events along the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers. In comparison, MAR at salt marsh sites increased almost threefold over the last 120 years (0.05 to 0.18 g cm(-2) y(-1) or 0.23 to 0.48 cm y(-1)). From 1880 to 1960, organic accumulation remained fairly constant (similar to 20%), while intermittent pulses of high inorganic sedimentation were observed following 1960. The pulses in inorganic sedimentation coincide with several major hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Camille, Fredric, Georges, and Ivan). The nearly threefold increase in MAR in salt marshes during the last 120 years would thus appear to be partially dependent on inorganic sedimentation from storm events. This study shows that while hurricanes, floods, and other natural hazards are well-known threats to human infrastructure and coastal ecosystems, these events also transport sediment to marshes that help abate other pressures such as sea-level rise (SLR) and subsidence. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.; Osterman, Lisa E.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The authors would like to thank Christopher Reich, Adis Muslic, Jeffrey Frazier, Margaret Marot, and Katie Richwine of the USGS for their continued support in the lab and in the field, and Dr. Joseph Smoak and Thomas Harmon (University of South Florida-St. Petersburg). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the Federal Government. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.2112/SI63-011.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600007 ER PT J AU Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M Kranenburg, C Barras, JA Brock, JC AF Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica Kranenburg, Christine Barras, John A. Brock, John C. TI Land Loss Due to Recent Hurricanes in Coastal Louisiana, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Global mean sea level; relative sea level; sea-level rise; coast; climate change; coastal erosion; barrier island; coastal vulnerability; adaptation; coastal hazards ID FEATURES; IMAGERY; INDEX AB The aim of this study is to improve estimates of wetland land loss in two study regions of coastal Louisiana, U.S.A., due to the extreme storms that impacted the region between 2004 and 2009. The estimates are based on change-detection-mapping analysis that incorporates pre and postlandfall (Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike) fractional-water classifications using a combination of high-resolution (<5 m) QuickBird, IKONOS, and GeoEye-1, and medium-resolution (30 m) Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. This process was applied in two study areas: the Hackberry area located in the southwestern part of chenier plain that was impacted by Hurricanes Rita (September 24, 2005) and Ike (September 13, 2008), and the Delacroix area located in the eastern delta plain that was impacted by Hurricanes Katrina (August 29, 2005) and Gustav (September 1, 2008). In both areas, effects of the hurricanes include enlargement of existing bodies of open water and erosion of fringing marsh areas. Surge-removed marsh was easily identified in stable marshes but was difficult to identify in degraded or flooded marshes. Persistent land loss in the Hackberry area due to Hurricane Rita was approximately 5.8% and increased by an additional 7.9% due to Hurricane Ike, although this additional area may yet recover. About 80% of the Hackberry study area remained unchanged since 2003. In the Delacroix area, persistent land loss due to Hurricane Katrina measured approximately 4.9% of the study area, while Hurricane Gustav caused minimal impact of 0.6% land loss by November 2009. Continued recovery in this area may further erase Hurricane Gustav's impact in the absence of new storm events. C1 [Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kranenburg, Christine] US Geol Survey, CNTS, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mpal@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 45 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.2112/SI63-009.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600009 ER PT J AU Suir, GM Evers, DE Steyer, GD Sasser, CE AF Suir, Glenn M. Evers, D. Elaine Steyer, Gregory D. Sasser, Charles E. TI Development of a Reproducible Method for Determining Quantity of Water and its Configuration in a Marsh Landscape SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Landscape characterization; fragmentation metrics; landscape pattern analysis; wetlands; coastal Louisiana; geospatial technologies ID METRICS; SCALE; PATTERN AB Coastal Louisiana is a dynamic and ever-changing landscape. From 1956 to 2010, over 3,734 km(2) of Louisiana's coastal wetlands have been lost due to a combination of natural and human-induced activities. The resulting landscape constitutes a mosaic of conditions from highly deteriorated to relatively stable with intact landmasses. Understanding how and why coastal landscapes change over time is critical to restoration and rehabilitation efforts. Historically, changes in marsh pattern (i.e., size and spatial distribution of marsh landmasses and water bodies) have been distinguished using visual identification by individual researchers. Difficulties associated with this approach include subjective interpretation, uncertain reproducibility, and laborious techniques. In order to minimize these limitations, this study aims to expand existing tools and techniques via a computer-based method, which uses geospatial technologies for determining shifts in landscape patterns. Our method is based on a raster framework and uses landscape statistics to develop conditions and thresholds for a marsh classification scheme. The classification scheme incorporates land and water classified imagery and a two-part classification system: (1) ratio of water to land, and (2) configuration and connectivity of water within wetland landscapes to evaluate changes in marsh patterns. This analysis system can also be used to trace trajectories in landscape patterns through space and time. Overall, our method provides a more automated means of quantifying landscape patterns and may serve as a reliable landscape evaluation tool for future investigations of wetland ecosystem processes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Suir, Glenn M.] Louisiana State Univ, US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Evers, D. Elaine; Sasser, Charles E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Steyer, Gregory D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Suir, GM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3253 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Glenn.M.Suir@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, Gulf of Mexico Region, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, Gulf of Mexico Region (Formerly Mineral Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region) Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region. We are grateful to our colleagues Craig Conzelmann and William Sleavin for provision of data processing and transformation applications. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.2112/SI63-010.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600010 ER PT J AU Steyer, GD Couvillion, BR Barras, JA AF Steyer, Gregory D. Couvillion, Brady R. Barras, John A. TI Monitoring Vegetation Response to Episodic Disturbance Events by Using Multitemporal Vegetation Indices SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Change detection; coastal wetlands; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Rita; marsh vegetation communities; MODIS; multitemporal imagery; NDVI; spectral vegetation indices ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MARSH VEGETATION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; COASTAL VEGETATION; BRACKISH MARSH; NOAA-AVHRR; SALT-MARSH; MODIS EVI; NDVI DATA; LOUISIANA AB Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S) satellite imagery and land/water assessments from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery were used to quantify the extent and severity of damage and subsequent recovery after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita of 2005 within the vegetation communities of Louisiana's coastal wetlands. Field data on species composition and total live cover were collected from 232 unique plots during multiple time periods to corroborate changes in NDVI values overtime. A prehurricane 5-year baseline time series clearly identified NDVI values by habitat type, suggesting the sensitivity of NDVI to assess and monitor phenological changes in coastal wetland habitats. Monthly data from March 2005 to November 2006 were compared to the baseline average to create a departure from average statistic. Departures suggest that over 33% (4,714 km(2)) of the prestorm, coastal wetlands experienced a substantial decline in the density and vigor of vegetation by October 2005 (poststorm), mostly in the east and west regions, where landfalls of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita occurred. The percentage of area of persistent vegetation damage due to long-lasting formation of new open water was 91.8% in the east and 81.0% and 29.0% in the central and west regions, respectively. Although below average NDVI values were observed in most marsh communities through November 2006, recovery of vegetation was evident. Results indicated that impacts and recovery from large episodic disturbance events that influence multiple habitat types can be accurately determined using NDVI, especially when integrated with assessments of physical landscape changes and field verifications. C1 [Steyer, Gregory D.; Couvillion, Brady R.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Steyer, GD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM steyerg@usgs.gov FU LCA Science and Technology Program FX We thank Sarai Piazza (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)), Brian Perez (CH2M Hill), Leigh Anne Sharp (Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority), Alaina Owens (The Water Institute of the Gulf), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for field support in conducting this research. We also acknowledge Connie Herndon (USGS) for editorial support and Clint Padgett (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and Dewitt Braud (Louisiana State University) for helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We recognize financial support from the LCA Science and Technology Program. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 118 EP 130 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600011 ER PT J AU Gesch, DB AF Gesch, Dean B. TI Consideration of Vertical Uncertainty in Elevation-Based Sea-Level Rise Assessments: Mobile Bay, Alabama Case Study SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; digital elevation model; lidar; vertical datum; vulnerability ID DATUM TRANSFORMATION TOOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL ZONES; IMPACTS; VULNERABILITY; ATLANTIC; LIDAR; DEM AB The accuracy with which coastal topography has been mapped directly affects the reliability and usefulness of elevation-based sea-level rise vulnerability assessments. Recent research has shown that the qualities of the elevation data must be well understood to properly model potential impacts. The cumulative vertical uncertainty has contributions from elevation data error, water level data uncertainties, and vertical datum and transformation uncertainties. The concepts of minimum sea-level rise increment and minimum planning timeline, important parameters for an elevation-based sea-level rise assessment, are used in recognition of the inherent vertical uncertainty of the underlying data. These concepts were applied to conduct a sea-level rise vulnerability assessment of the Mobile Bay, Alabama, region based on high-quality lidar-derived elevation data. The results that detail the area and associated resources (land cover, population, and infrastructure) vulnerable to a 1.18-m sea-level rise by the year 2100 are reported as a range of values (at the 95% confidence level) to account for the vertical uncertainty in the base data. Examination of the tabulated statistics about land cover, population, and infrastructure in the minimum and maximum vulnerable areas shows that these resources are not uniformly distributed throughout the overall vulnerable zone. The methods demonstrated in the Mobile Bay analysis provide an example of how to consider and properly account for vertical uncertainty in elevation-based sea-level rise vulnerability assessments, and the advantages of doing so. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gesch@usgs.gov OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 FU USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program FX The USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program provided partial funding for this work. The research reported here is part of a larger USGS effort, the Northern Gulf Coast Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project (see http://ngom.usgs.gov/), a multiyear project funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program. The contributions of the following individuals are gratefully acknowledged: Jeff Danielson (USGS) and Danny Howard (SGT, Inc., contractor to the USGS), for development of the multisource digital elevation model; and Sandra Poppenga (USGS), for dasymetric population mapping. The author also thanks the reviewers for numerous helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.2112/SI63-016.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600016 ER PT J AU Glick, P Clough, J Polaczyk, A Couvillion, B Nunley, B AF Glick, Patty Clough, Jonathan Polaczyk, Amy Couvillion, Brady Nunley, Brad TI Potential Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Wetlands in Southeastern Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marsh accretion; river diversion; sediments; SLAMM; subsidence ID RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; VERTICAL ACCRETION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL FORMATION; HABITAT CHANGE; ICE-SHEET; MARSH; WATER AB Coastal Louisiana wetlands contain about 37% of the estuarine herbaceous marshes in the conterminous United States, The long-term stability of coastal wetlands is often a function of a wetland's ability to maintain elevation equilibrium with mean sea level through processes such as primary production and sediment accretion. However, Louisiana has sustained more coastal wetland loss than all other states in the continental United States combined due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including sea-level rise. This study investigates the potential impact of current and accelerating sea-level rise rates on key coastal wetland habitats in southeastern Louisiana using the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM). Model calibration was conducted using a 1956-2007 observation period and hindcasting results predicted 35% versus observed 39% total marsh loss. Multiple sea-level-rise scenarios were then simulated for the period of 2007-2100. Results indicate a range of potential wetland losses by 2100, from an additional 2,188.97 km(2) (218,897 ha, 9% of the 2007 wetland area) under the lowest sea-level-rise scenario (0.34 m), to a potential loss of 5,875.27 km(2) (587,527 ha, 24% of the 2007 wetland area) in the highest sea-level-rise scenario (1.9 m). Model results suggest that one area of particular concern is the potential vulnerability of the region's baldcypress-water tupelo (Taxodium distichum-Nyssa aquatica) swamp habitat, much of which is projected to become permanently flooded (affecting regeneration) under all modeled scenarios for sea-level rise. These findings will aid in the development of ecosystem management plans that support the processes and conditions that result in sustainable coastal ecosystems. C1 [Glick, Patty] Natl Wildlife Federat, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Clough, Jonathan; Polaczyk, Amy] Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Waitsfield, VT 05673 USA. [Couvillion, Brady] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Glick, P (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Federat, 2100 Westlake Ave North Suite 107, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM glick@nwf.org FU Walton Family Foundation FX We sincerely thank the following individuals for providing invaluable assistance and advice in the development of this study: John Barras, John Brock, Virginia Burkett, Greg Steyer, Cindy Thatcher, and Hongqing Wang of USGS; Brian Czech, Leo Miranda, and Bill Wilen of USFWS; Don Boesch of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Cindy Brown of The Nature Conservancy of Louisiana; Syed Khalil and James Pahl of the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana; Jay Martin of Ohio State University; Dick Park of Eco Modeling; Jay Ratcliff of the U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center; and Robert Twilley of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. We also appreciate the assistance of Marco Propato of Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Inc., for his assistance with formatting figures. This project was made possible through a generous grant from the Walton Family Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 131 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 12 U2 90 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 211 EP 233 DI 10.2112/SI63-0017.1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600017 ER PT J AU Thatcher, CA Brock, JC Pendleton, EA AF Thatcher, Cindy A. Brock, John C. Pendleton, Elizabeth A. TI Economic Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise along the Northern US Gulf Coast SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Relative sea-level rise; coastal vulnerability index; economic value; coastal infrastructure; Gulf of Mexico ID ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AB The northern Gulf of Mexico coast of the United States has been identified as highly vulnerable to sea-level rise, based on a combination of physical and societal factors. Vulnerability of human populations and infrastructure to projected increases in sea level is a critical area of uncertainty for communities in the extremely low-lying and flat northern gulf coastal zone. A rapidly growing population along some parts of the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline is further increasing the potential societal and economic impacts of projected sea-level rise in the region, where observed relative rise rates range from 0.75 to 9.95 mm per year on the Gulf coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. A 1-m elevation threshold was chosen as an inclusive designation of the coastal zone vulnerable to relative sea-level rise, because of uncertainty associated with sea-level rise projections. This study applies a Coastal Economic Vulnerability Index (CEVI) to the northern Gulf of Mexico region, which includes both physical and economic factors that contribute to societal risk of impacts from rising sea level. The economic variables incorporated in the CEVI include human population, urban land cover, economic value of key types of infrastructure, and residential and commercial building values. The variables are standardized and combined to produce a quantitative index value for each 1-km coastal segment, highlighting areas where human populations and the built environment are most at risk. This information can be used by coastal managers as they allocate limited resources for ecosystem restoration, beach nourishment, and coastal-protection infrastructure. The study indicates a large amount of variability in index values along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline, and highlights areas where long-term planning to enhance resiliency is particularly needed. C1 [Thatcher, Cindy A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pendleton, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thatcher, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM thatcherc@usgs.gov OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU USGS FX The coastal economic vulnerability index assessment was funded by the USGS. We thank David Twitchell and David Donato for comments on the initial study concept, and we thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism of earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dean Gesch for assistance with the accuracy assessment of the digital elevation model. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 51 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.2112/SI63-017.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600018 ER PT J AU Newby, JR Mills, LS Ruth, TK Pletscher, DH Mitchell, MS Quigley, HB Murphy, KM DeSimone, R AF Newby, Jesse R. Mills, L. Scott Ruth, Toni K. Pletscher, Daniel H. Mitchell, Michael S. Quigley, Howard B. Murphy, Kerry M. DeSimone, Rich TI Human-caused mortality influences spatial population dynamics: Pumas in landscapes with varying mortality risks SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Population contribution; Puma concolor; Source-sink; Spatially structured populations ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; HUNTED POPULATION; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; COUGAR DEMOGRAPHY; PROTECTED AREAS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; IMMIGRATION AB An understanding of how stressors affect dispersal attributes and the contribution of local populations to multi-population dynamics are of immediate value to basic and applied ecology. Puma (Puma concolor) populations are expected to be influenced by inter-population movements and susceptible to human-induced source-sink dynamics. Using long-term datasets we quantified the contribution of two puma populations to operationally define them as sources or sinks. The puma population in the Northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (NGYE) was largely insulated from human-induced mortality by Yellowstone National Park. Pumas in the western Montana Garnet Mountain system were exposed to greater human-induced mortality, which changed over the study due to the closure of a 915 km(2) area to hunting. The NGYE's population growth depended on inter-population movements, as did its ability to act as a source to the larger region. The heavily hunted Garnet area was a sink with a declining population until the hunting closure, after which it became a source with positive intrinsic growth and a 16x increase in emigration. We also examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of individual dispersal attributes (emigration, dispersal distance, establishment success) of subadult pumas (N = 126). Human-caused mortality was found to negatively impact all three dispersal components. Our results demonstrate the influence of human-induced mortality on not only within population vital rates, but also inter-population vital rates, affecting the magnitude and mechanisms of local population's contribution to the larger metapopulation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Newby, Jesse R.; Mills, L. Scott; Pletscher, Daniel H.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Newby, Jesse R.; Quigley, Howard B.] Craighead Beringia South, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. [Ruth, Toni K.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Quigley, Howard B.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Murphy, Kerry M.] Bridger Teton Natl Forest, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [DeSimone, Rich] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Newby, JR (reprint author), Craighead Beringia South, Teton Cougar Project, 1495 Riverbend Rd, Superior, MT 59872 USA. EM jesse.newby@gmail.com RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X FU Craighead Beringia South; Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute; Montana Department of Fish Wildlife Parks; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Panthera; Panthera-Kaplan Graduate Awards Program; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; University of Montana; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Conservation Society; Yellowstone National Park; NSF DEB [0841884]; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX Research was supported by Craighead Beringia South, Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute, Montana Department of Fish Wildlife & Parks, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Panthera, Panthera-Kaplan Graduate Awards Program, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Summerlee Foundation, University of Montana, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Conservation Society, and Yellowstone National Park. LSM acknowledges support from NSF DEB (0841884) and USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Our thanks to L. Anderson, S. Ard, B. Chapman, D. Chapman, R. Gipe, S. Monger, D. Powell, D. Stradley, and R. Stradley for flying services. Successful data collection was made possible by the efforts of D. Beaver, P. Buotte, S. Carsen, T. Chilton, J. Cole, T. Coleman, R. Cooper, W. Craddock, V. Edwards, G. Felzien, T. Fredrickson, M. Graf, G. Hedrick, T. Hollow, B. Holmes, J. Husseman, R. Jaffe, A. lakes, M. Johnson, C. Kelly, T. Knuchel, M. Maples, S. McGee, D. Powell, J. Powers, S. Powers, S. Relyea, M. Sawaya, B. Semmens, E. Shanahan, B. Sheppard, B. Shinn, S. Shrout, B. Shultz, J. Sikich, D. Stahler, M. Trapkus, B. Wiesner. M. Hornocker and L. Hunter provided steadfast support. Special thanks to H. Robinson and P. Buotte for their insightful advice concerning analytical approaches and puma ecology. Thanks to D. Smith and D. Thompson for reviewing the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 159 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.018 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160DF UT WOS:000320096300028 ER PT J AU Thupaki, P Phanikumar, MS Whitman, RL AF Thupaki, Pramod Phanikumar, Mantha S. Whitman, Richard L. TI Solute dispersion in the coastal boundary layer of southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CORPUS-CHRISTI BAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GREAT-LAKES; DIFFUSION-PROCESSES; MIXED-LAYER; FLOW; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; BEACH; WATER AB We evaluate a three-dimensional, nested-grid nearshore model of Lake Michigan for its ability to describe key aspects of hydrodynamics and solute transport using data from a field study conducted in summer 2008. Velocity comparisons with observations from five bottom-mounted ADCPs at different depths in the coastal boundary layer (CBL) show that the numerical model was able to simulate currents and flow reversals accurately within the inertial boundary layer, however model accuracy reduced close to the shoreline. Power spectra of observed and simulated velocity time series at different locations showed that the hydrodynamic model was able to describe the energy contained in the inertial scales, but over-predicted turbulent dissipation rates. As a result, model-predicted values of energy in the smaller, dissipation scales were lower compared to values calculated from observations in the CBL. Differences between energy contained in the observed and simulated velocity spectra increased as the shoreline is approached. Observations showed that vertical variations in the alongshore and cross-shore velocities were dominated by inertial waves. Inaccuracies in representing energy dissipation rates and processes not explicitly described in the hydrodynamic model (e.g., anisotropy, waves) could potentially contribute to errors in describing transport in the CBL. Measurements from a continuous dye release experiment from a riverine outfall were described using a nearshore model with a mean horizontal dispersion coefficient of 5.6 m(2)/s. Improved representations of physical processes (such as turbulence, internal waves and wave-current interactions) can be expected to provide better descriptions of solute transport in the CBL. C1 [Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1449 Engn Res Court,Room A130, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@msu.edu FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health. We thank David J. Schwab and Dmitry Beletsky (University of Michigan) for their contributions to this research. We thank Chaopeng Shen, Jie Niu and Kashi Telsang for their assistance with the 2008 field data collection. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1606 EP 1617 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20136 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200039 ER PT J AU Nenna, V Herckenrath, D Knight, R Odlum, N McPhee, D AF Nenna, Vanessa Herckenrath, Daan Knight, Rosemary Odlum, Nick McPhee, Darcy TI Application and evaluation of electromagnetic methods for imaging saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Seaside Groundwater Basin, California SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; SEAWATER INTRUSION; WATER-INTRUSION; TIME; INVERSION; TRANSIENT; SOUNDINGS; SALINITY; EXPLORATION; DELINEATION AB Developing effective resource management strategies to limit or prevent saltwater intrusion as a result of increasing demands on coastal groundwater resources requires reliable information about the geologic structure and hydrologic state of an aquifer system. A common strategy for acquiring such information is to drill sentinel wells near the coast to monitor changes in water salinity with time. However, installation and operation of sentinel wells is costly and provides limited spatial coverage. We studied the use of noninvasive electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods as an alternative to installation of monitoring wells for characterizing coastal aquifers. We tested the feasibility of using EM methods at a field site in northern California to identify the potential for and/or presence of hydraulic communication between an unconfined saline aquifer and a confined freshwater aquifer. One-dimensional soundings were acquired using the time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) methods. We compared inverted resistivity models of TDEM and AMT data obtained from several inversion algorithms. We found that multiple interpretations of inverted models can be supported by the same data set, but that there were consistencies between all data sets and inversion algorithms. Results from all collected data sets suggested that EM methods are capable of reliably identifying a saltwater-saturated zone in the unconfined aquifer. Geophysical data indicated that the impermeable clay between aquifers may be more continuous than is supported by current models. C1 [Nenna, Vanessa] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Herckenrath, Daan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Knight, Rosemary; Odlum, Nick] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McPhee, Darcy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nenna, V (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM vnenna@ucalgary.ca; daan.herckenrath@flinders.edu.au; rknight@stanford.edu; nodlum@stanford.edu; dmcphee@usgs.gov FU Schlumberger Water Services; S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation xxxx FX The authors would like to thank Doug Groom and Geometrics for providing access and technical support with the Stratagem EH-4 system, and the USGS Office of Groundwater, Branch of Geophysics, for the loan of the PROTEM 47. Thanks to Eldad Haber and Doug Oldenburg from UBC-GIF for providing the EM1DTM software, and to Dikun Yang, also UBC-GIF, for technical assistance. We would like to thank California State Parks and the city of Seaside, California, for providing site access. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Louise Pellerin for insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was initiated with funding to R. Knight from Schlumberger Water Services. Additional funding was received from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation as a component of Water in the West: Solving Complex Problems through Integrated Research. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 78 IS 2 BP B77 EP B88 DI 10.1190/GEO2012-0004.1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156XU UT WOS:000319858000003 ER PT J AU Brothers, DS ten Brink, US Andrews, BD Chaytor, JD Twichell, DC AF Brothers, Daniel S. ten Brink, Uri S. Andrews, Brian D. Chaytor, Jason D. Twichell, David C. TI Geomorphic process fingerprints in submarine canyons SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turbidity flow; debris flow; multibeam bathymetry; regression; power law; landslide ID ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; ERODING SEDIMENT FLOWS; TURBIDITY-CURRENT FLOW; DEBRIS FLOWS; DEEP-SEA; CURRENTS; MONTEREY; MODEL; FAN AB Submarine canyons are common features of continental margins worldwide. They are conduits that funnel vast quantities of sediment from the continents to the deep sea. Though it is known that submarine canyons form primarily from erosion induced by submarine sediment flows, we currently lack quantitative, empirically based expressions that describe the morphology of submarine canyon networks. Mulribeam bathymeny data along the entire passive US Atlantic margin (USAM) and along the active central California margin near Monterey Bay provide an opportunity to examine the fine-scale morphology of 171 slope-sourced canyons. Log-log regression analyses of canyon thalweg gradient (S) versus up-canyon catchment area (A) are used to examine linkages between morphological domains and the generation and evolution of submarine sediment flows. For example, canyon reaches of the upper continental slope are characterized by steep, linear and/or convex longitudinal profiles, whereas reaches farther down canyon have distinctly concave longitudinal profiles. The transition between these geomorphic domains is inferred to represent the downslope transformation of debris flows into erosive, canyon-flushing turbidity flows. Over geologic timescales this process appears to leave behind a predictable geomorphic fingerprint that is dependent on the catchment area of the canyon head. Catchment area, in turn, may be a proxy for the volume of sediment released during geomorphically significant failures along the upper continental slope. Focused studies of slope-sourced submarine canyons may provide new insights into the relationships between fine-scale canyon morphology and down-canyon changes in sediment flow dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brothers, Daniel S.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Andrews, Brian D.; Chaytor, Jason D.; Twichell, David C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02559 USA. RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02559 USA. EM dbrothers@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission FX We thank the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for supporting this work. We also thank N. Mitchell, L Brothers and J. Denny for helpful reviews. Some of the multibeam data for this work was provided by the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Project. The opinions, findings, and conclusions stated herein are those of the author's] and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. ECS Project. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.005 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 159ZI UT WOS:000320085400005 ER PT J AU Lentz, EE Hapke, CJ Stockdon, HF Hehre, RE AF Lentz, Erika E. Hapke, Cheryl J. Stockdon, Hilary F. Hehre, Rachel E. TI Improving understanding of near-term barrier island evolution through multi-decadal assessment of morphologic change SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphology change; wave run up; barrier island; landward migration; geologic framework; beach replenishment ID SHORE-OBLIQUE SANDBARS; NEW-YORK; FIRE-ISLAND; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; SEDIMENT BUDGET; GRAVEL OUTCROPS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MONTEREY BAY; LONG-ISLAND; NEARSHORE AB Observed morphodynamic changes over multiple decades were coupled with storm-driven run-up characteristics at Fire Island, New York, to explore the influence of wave processes relative to the impacts of other coastal change drivers on the near-term evolution of the barrier island. Historical topography was generated from digital stereo-photogrammetry and compared with more recent lidar surveys to quantify near-term (decadal) morphodynamic changes to the beach and primary dune system between the years 1969, 1999, and 2009. Notably increased profile volumes were observed along the entirety of the island in 1999, and likely provide the eolian source for the steady dune crest progradation observed over the relatively quiescent decade that followed. Persistent patterns of erosion and accretion over 10-, 30-, and 40-year intervals are attributable to variations in island morphology, human activity, and variations in offshore bathymetry and island orientation that influence the wave energy reaching the coast. Areas of documented long-term historical inlet formation and extensive bayside marsh development show substantial landward translation of the dune beach profile over the near-term period of this study. Correlations among areas predicted to overwash, observed elevation changes of the dune crestline, and observed instances of overwash in undeveloped segments of the barrier island verify that overwash locations can be accurately predicted in undeveloped segments of coast. In fact, an assessment of 2012 aerial imagery collected after Hurricane Sandy confirms that overwash occurred at the majority of near-term locations persistently predicted to overwash. In addition to the storm wave climate, factors related to variations within the geologic framework which in turn influence island orientation, offshore slope, and sediment supply impact island behavior on near-term timescales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lentz, Erika E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lentz, Erika E.; Hehre, Rachel E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hapke, Cheryl J.; Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lentz, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM elentz@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676; Lentz, Erika/0000-0002-0621-8954 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Rhode Island FX Funding for this research and graduate student support were provided by the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island. Pete August and David Fastovsky read early drafts of this paper and provided helpful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Bill Schwab for a review of this paper as well as for the fruitful discussions and comments on findings from the USGS geophysical survey off Fire Island in 2011 as well as to Wayne Baldwin and Jane Denny for visual displays of offshore bathymetry. In addition, we appreciate two anonymous reviews which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/margeo.2013.02.004 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 159ZI UT WOS:000320085400010 ER PT J AU Matechou, E Morgan, BJT Pledger, S Collazo, JA Lyons, JE AF Matechou, E. Morgan, B. J. T. Pledger, S. Collazo, J. A. Lyons, J. E. TI Integrated Analysis of Capture-Recapture-Resighting Data and Counts of Unmarked Birds at Stop-Over Sites SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Combined likelihoods; Integrated population modeling; Mark-recapture-resight model; Mark-resight analysis; Semipalmated sandpipers; Stop-over duration ID ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; PROBABILITY; SHOREBIRDS; SURVIVAL; WETLANDS; ROBUST; NUMBER AB The models presented in this paper are motivated by a stop-over study of semipalmated sandpipers, Calidris pusilla. Two sets of data were collected at the stop-over site: a capture-recapture-resighting data set and a vector of counts of unmarked birds. The two data sets are analyzed simultaneously by combining a new model for the capturere-capture-resighting data set with a binomial likelihood for the counts. The aim of the analysis is to estimate the total number of birds that used the site and the average duration of stop-over. The combined analysis is shown to be highly efficient, even when just 1 % of birds are recaptured, and is recommended for similar investigations. This article has supplementary material online. C1 [Matechou, E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England. [Morgan, B. J. T.] Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Pledger, S.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Operat Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Collazo, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lyons, J. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Matechou, E (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England. EM Eleni.Matechou@stats.ox.ac.uk OI Matechou, Eleni/0000-0003-3626-844X FU University of Kent, the National Centre for Statistical Ecology; Victoria University of Wellington FX The first author would like to thank the University of Kent, the National Centre for Statistical Ecology as well as Victoria University of Wellington for providing support towards the completion of this work, and Professor Brian Ripley for his recommendations on a revised version of the paper. We also thank two referees, whose perceptive comments improved the paper. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 120 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0127-0 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 151CX UT WOS:000319439300008 ER PT J AU Parmentier, FJW Christensen, TR Sorensen, LL Rysgaard, S McGuire, AD Miller, PA Walker, DA AF Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. Christensen, Torben R. Sorensen, Lise Lotte Rysgaard, Soren McGuire, A. David Miller, Paul A. Walker, Donald A. TI The impact of lower sea-ice extent on Arctic greenhouse-gas exchange SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID CARBON BALANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 FLUX; OCEAN; TUNDRA; SHELF AB In September 2012, Arctic sea-ice extent plummeted to a new record low: two times lower than the 1979-2000 average. Often, record lows in sea-ice cover are hailed as an example of climate change impacts in the Arctic. Less apparent, however, are the implications of reduced sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean for marine-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Sea-ice decline has been connected to increasing air temperatures at high latitudes. Temperature is a key controlling factor in the terrestrial exchange of CO2 and methane, and therefore the greenhouse-gas balance of the Arctic. Despite the large potential for feedbacks, many studies do not connect the diminishing sea-ice extent with changes in the interaction of the marine and terrestrial Arctic with the atmosphere. In this Review, we assess how current understanding of the Arctic Ocean and high-latitude ecosystems can be used to predict the impact of a lower sea-ice cover on Arctic greenhouse-gas exchange. C1 [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Christensen, Torben R.; Miller, Paul A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Christensen, Torben R.; Rysgaard, Soren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Sorensen, Lise Lotte] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Sorensen, Lise Lotte; Rysgaard, Soren] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Rysgaard, Soren] Univ Manitoba, CHR Environm Earth & Resources, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Parmentier, FJW (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM frans-jan.parmentier@nateko.lu.se RI Miller, Paul/B-4675-2013; Rysgaard, Soren/K-6689-2013; Parmentier, Frans-Jan/D-9022-2013; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/M-5054-2016; OI Parmentier, Frans-Jan/0000-0003-2952-7706; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/0000-0002-9823-589X; Rysgaard, Soren/0000-0003-1726-2958 FU Marie Curie FP7 Research and Training Network GREENCYCLESII; Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST; International Arctic Science Committee IASC; European Community [238366]; Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) program; Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation (Mistra-SWECIA); Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-0902175]; National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX09AK56G] FX This paper came forth from fruitful discussions at the mini-conference 'Ocean-Land Interactions at High Latitudes' held in Nuuk, Greenland in September 2011. We would like to thank the Marie Curie FP7 Research and Training Network GREENCYCLESII, The Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST and the International Arctic Science Committee IASC for providing funding which made this meeting possible, as well as the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources together with the Greenland Climate Research Centre for being the host institution. The research leading to these results has received funding from the [European Community's] Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no [238366]. Apart from this funding for F.J.W. Parmentier, we also like to acknowledge the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) program for providing funds for S. Rysgaard, both the Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation (Mistra-SWECIA) and the Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI) for providing funds for P.A. Miller, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF, grant no. ARC-0902175) and National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA, grant no. NNX09AK56G) for providing funds to D. A. Walker. Last but not least, we like to thank Dan Hayes, Rita Wania and Ben Smith for making the TEM6 and LPJ-GUESS WHyMe model runs possible, Uma Bhatt for kindly providing the data for Fig. 2, and Carline Tromp for her thorough critique of text structure. NR 102 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 113 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1784 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000009 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Allen, CD Macalady, AK Griffin, D Woodhouse, CA Meko, DM Swetnam, TW Rauscher, SA Seager, R Grissino-Mayer, HD Dean, JS Cook, ER Gangodagamage, C Cai, M McDowell, NG AF Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Macalady, Alison K. Griffin, Daniel Woodhouse, Connie A. Meko, David M. Swetnam, Thomas W. Rauscher, Sara A. Seager, Richard Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. Dean, Jeffrey S. Cook, Edward R. Gangodagamage, Chandana Cai, Michael McDowell, Nate G. TI Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; NORTH-AMERICA; DIE-OFF; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; INCREASE; SENSITIVITY; REDUCTION AB As the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization. C1 [Williams, A. Park; Gangodagamage, Chandana; McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.; Griffin, Daniel; Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.; Griffin, Daniel; Woodhouse, Connie A.; Meko, David M.; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Dean, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rauscher, Sara A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seager, Richard; Cook, Edward R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Lab Tree Ring Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cai, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM parkwilliams@lanl.gov RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016; OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166; Gangodagamage, Chandana/0000-0001-6511-1711; Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 FU LANL-LDRD; DOE-BER; NSF [0823090]; DOE; NOAA; EPA FX The work was supported by LANL-LDRD and DOE-BER. We acknowledge contributors to the International Tree-Ring Databank and funding by the NSF (grant 0823090) for tree-ring data. We thank contributors of fire-scar data to the FACS database, accessed with assistance from E. Bigio. Unpublished fire-scar data donated by C. Aoki, P. Brown, E. Heyerdahl, P. Iniguez, M. Kaib and R. Wu. J. Paschke provided access to USFS FHTET data. M. Brown provided access to GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data. Dynamically downscaled model climate data came from NARCCAP, funded by NSF, DOE, NOAA and EPA. We appreciate constructive comments from P. Brown, K. Cavanaugh, M. Crimmins, P. Fule, S. Garrity, J. Grahame, D. Gutzler, J. Hicke, X. Jiang, S. Leavitt, M. Massenkoff, A. Meddens, J. Michaelsen, C. Millar, B. Osborn, H. Powers, T. Rahn, N. Stephenson, C. Still, C. Tague and C. Xu. NR 50 TC 243 Z9 244 U1 37 U2 350 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1693 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000028 ER PT J AU Isaacson, PJ Petro, NE Pieters, CM Besse, S Boardman, JW Clark, RN Green, RO Lundeen, S Malaret, E McLaughlin, S Sunshine, JM Taylor, LA AF Isaacson, Peter J. Petro, Noah E. Pieters, Carle M. Besse, Sebastien Boardman, Joseph W. Clark, Roger N. Green, Robert O. Lundeen, Sarah Malaret, Erick McLaughlin, Stephanie Sunshine, Jessica M. Taylor, Lawrence A. TI Development, importance, and effect of a ground truth correction for the Moon Mineralogy Mapper reflectance data set SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Moon; M3; ground truth; calibration; absorption strength; feldspathic highlands terrane ID PROSPECTOR GAMMA-RAY; LUNAR-SURFACE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINEST FRACTION; MARE SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; CLEMENTINE; CRUST; IRON; CHANDRAYAAN-1 AB We evaluate the effect and importance of a ground truth correction for the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) level 2 (reflectance) data set. This correction is derived from extensive laboratory characterizations of mature feldspathic lunar soils and is designed to improve the accuracy of 1 mu m absorption features in M-3 reflectance data. To evaluate the correction, the band strength across a subset of the feldspathic highlands terrane (FHT) is analyzed with M-3 imaging spectroscopy data. Using M-3 reflectance data and derived products, we find significant differences in band strength and shape between M-3 observations collected over identical terrain but under different observational and operational conditions. The ground truth correction minimizes these differences in 1 mu m band strengths and also brings the 1 mu m band strengths measured with M-3 data into closer agreement with laboratory measurements of lunar soil samples. Although the FHT region studied was found to have very low band strengths, the M-3 ground truth correction results in overall stronger absorption features for all mature soils relative to uncorrected level 2 (reflectance) data for the same region. These differences between M-3 data collected under different operational conditions and the effects of the ground truth correction, while minor in appearance, can have significant implications for interpretations of any regional soil analyses with M-3 data that rely on absolute 1 mu m absorption feature strength. The M-3 ground truth correction corrects only wavelengths below similar to 1500 nm, and comparisons between corrected and uncorrected wavelengths must be done with caution. C1 [Isaacson, Peter J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pieters, Carle M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Besse, Sebastien; McLaughlin, Stephanie; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boardman, Joseph W.] Analyt Imaging Geophys, Boulder, CO USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Green, Robert O.; Lundeen, Sarah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Malaret, Erick] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA USA. [Taylor, Lawrence A.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Isaacson, PJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM isaacson@higp.hawaii.edu OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX The efforts of the entire M3 engineering, operations, science, and data archiving teams are gratefully acknowledged. M3 science validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. The M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. The authors thank Joshua Cahill, Bruce Hapke, and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews and comments on this manuscript. The manuscript is much improved thanks to their constructive criticism. This is HIGP Publication 1919 and SOEST Publication 8539. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1002/jgre.20048 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300001 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Kirk, RL Mitchell, KL LeGall, A Barnes, JW Hayes, A Kargel, J Wye, L Radebaugh, J Stofan, ER Janssen, MA Neish, CD Wall, SD Wood, CA Lunine, JI Malaska, MJ AF Lopes, R. M. C. Kirk, R. L. Mitchell, K. L. LeGall, A. Barnes, J. W. Hayes, A. Kargel, J. Wye, L. Radebaugh, J. Stofan, E. R. Janssen, M. A. Neish, C. D. Wall, S. D. Wood, C. A. Lunine, J. I. Malaska, M. J. TI Cryovolcanism on Titan: New results from Cassini RADAR and VIMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review DE Titan; volcanism ID WATER VOLCANISM; ICY SATELLITES; PLANETOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HUYGENS PROBE; LANDING SITE; SOUTH-POLE; SURFACE; AMMONIA; ENCELADUS AB The existence of cryovolcanic features on Titan has been the subject of some controversy. Here we use observations from the Cassini RADAR, including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, radiometry, and topographic data as well as compositional data from the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to reexamine several putative cryovolcanic features on Titan in terms of likely processes of origin (fluvial, cryovolcanic, or other). We present evidence to support the cryovolcanic origin of features in the region formerly known as Sotra Facula, which includes the deepest pit so far found on Titan (now known as Sotra Patera), flow-like features (Mohini Fluctus), and some of the highest mountains on Titan (Doom and Erebor Montes). We interpret this region to be a cryovolcanic complex of multiple cones, craters, and flows. However, we find that some other previously supposed cryovolcanic features were likely formed by other processes. Cryovolcanism is still a possible formation mechanism for several features, including the flow-like units in Hotei Regio. We discuss implications for eruption style and composition of cryovolcanism on Titan. Our analysis shows the great value of combining data sets when interpreting Titan's geology and in particular stresses the value of RADAR stereogrammetry when combined with SAR imaging and VIMS. C1 [Lopes, R. M. C.; Mitchell, K. L.; Janssen, M. A.; Wall, S. D.; Malaska, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [LeGall, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Atmospheres Lab, Guyancourt, France. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Hayes, A.; Lunine, J. I.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kargel, J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Laytonville, MD USA. [Neish, C. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Ctr Educ Technol, Wheeling, WV USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rosaly.M.Lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA FX Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank Sarah Fagents, Lazlo Kestay, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank the Cassini-Huygens team for the design, development, and operation of the mission. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. NR 109 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 416 EP 435 DI 10.1002/jgre.20062 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300004 ER PT J AU Bishop, JL Tirsch, D Tornabene, LL Jaumann, R McEwen, AS McGuire, PC Ody, A Poulet, F Clark, RN Parente, M McKeown, NK Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Voigt, J Aydin, Z Bamberg, M Petau, A Michael, G Seelos, FP Hash, CD Swayze, GA Neukum, G AF Bishop, Janice L. Tirsch, Daniela Tornabene, Livio L. Jaumann, Ralf McEwen, Alfred S. McGuire, Patrick C. Ody, Anouck Poulet, Francois Clark, Roger N. Parente, Mario McKeown, Nancy K. Mustard, John F. Murchie, Scott L. Voigt, Joana Aydin, Zeynep Bamberg, Marlene Petau, Andreas Michael, Gregory Seelos, Frank P. Hash, Christopher D. Swayze, Gregg A. Neukum, Gerhard TI Mineralogy and morphology of geologic units at Libya Montes, Mars: Ancient aqueously derived outcrops, mafic flows, fluvial features, and impacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; remote sensing; mineralogy; reflectance spectroscopy; fluvial features ID RESOLUTION REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCIENCE EXPERIMENT HIRISE; EXPRESS HRSC DATA; INTERIOR CHANNELS; STEREO CAMERA; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; SERPENTINES; DIVERSITY AB There is ample evidence of both ancient and long-lasting fluvial activity and chemical alteration in the Libya Montes region south of Isidis Basin. The region hosts Noachian to Amazonian aged surface rocks with extensive outcrops of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing material. Libya Montes also features surface outcrops and/or deposits hosting Fe/Mg-smectite, Fe/Mg-smectite mixed with carbonate and/or other Fe/Mg-rich phyllosilicates, and Al-smectite. These units likely formed through chemical alteration connected with hydrothermal activity resulting from the formation of the Isidis Basin and/or the pervasive fluvial activity throughout this region. The morphology and stratigraphy of the aqueous and mafic minerals are described using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and High Resolution Stereo Camera derived digital terrain models. Analyses of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars spectra show variations in the chemistry of the Fe/Mg-smectite from nontronite-like exposures with spectral features near 2.29 and 2.4 mu m more consistent with Fe23+OH groups in the mineral structure, and saponite-like outcrops with spectral features near 2.31 and 2.38 mu m characteristic of Mg32+OH groups. These Fe/Mg-smectite bearing materials also have bands near 1.9 mu m due to H2O and near 2.5 mu m that could be due to the smectite, other phyllosilicates, and carbonates. All regions exhibiting carbonate features near 3.4-3.5 mu m also have features consistent with the presence of olivine and Fe/Mg-smectite, indicating that the carbonate signatures occur in rocks likely containing a mixture of these minerals. The Al-smectite-bearing rocks have bands near 1.41, 1.91, and 2.19 mu m that are more consistent with beidellite than other Al-phyllosilicates, indicating a higher-temperature or diagenetically processed origin for this material. Our interpretation of the geologic history of this region is that ancient Noachian basaltic crustal materials experienced extensive aqueous alteration at the time of the Isidis impact, during which the montes were also formed, followed by emplacement of a rough olivine-rich lava or melt, and finally the smooth pyroxene-bearing caprock unit. C1 [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tirsch, Daniela; Jaumann, Ralf; Voigt, Joana; Aydin, Zeynep; Bamberg, Marlene; Petau, Andreas] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Jaumann, Ralf; Michael, Gregory; Neukum, Gerhard] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Berlin, Germany. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.; Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Frank P.; Hash, Christopher D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Ody, Anouck; Poulet, Francois] IAS, Orsay, France. [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Parente, Mario] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McKeown, Nancy K.] Grant MacEwan Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Bishop, JL (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM jbishop@seti.org RI Tirsch, Daniela/I-7916-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Tirsch, Daniela/0000-0001-5905-5426 FU MRO project; NASA-PGG grant; research alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life"; Lunar Science Institute; NASA's PGG program FX The authors are grateful to the science and operations teams from MRO CRISM and HiRISE, Mars Express OMEGA and HRSC for acquiring the data. Support to several team members from the MRO project and a NASA-PGG grant are much appreciated. This research has also been partially supported by the research alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life." Thanks are also due to E. Cloutis and J. Michalski for helpful reviews and to NASA's PGG program and Lunar Science Institute for supporting Brown University's RELAB facility. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 487 EP 513 DI 10.1029/2012JE004151 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300008 ER PT J AU Lundgren, P Poland, M Miklius, A Orr, T Yun, SH Fielding, E Liu, Z Tanaka, A Szeliga, W Hensley, S Owen, S AF Lundgren, Paul Poland, Michael Miklius, Asta Orr, Tim Yun, Sang-Ho Fielding, Eric Liu, Zhen Tanaka, Akiko Szeliga, Walter Hensley, Scott Owen, Susan TI Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RIFT ZONES; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SATELLITE RADAR; SOUTH FLANK; HECTOR MINE; INTRUSION; MODEL; GPS; EARTHQUAKE AB The 5-9 March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption along the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, followed months of pronounced inflation at Kilauea summit. We examine dike opening during and after the eruption using a comprehensive interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data set in combination with continuous GPS data. We solve for distributed dike displacements using a whole Kilauea model with dilating rift zones and possibly a deep decollement. Modeled surface dike opening increased from nearly 1.5 m to over 2.8 m from the first day to the end of the eruption, in agreement with field observations of surface fracturing. Surface dike opening ceased following the eruption, but subsurface opening in the dike continued into May 2011. Dike volumes increased from 15, to 16, to 21 million cubic meters (MCM) after the first day, eruption end, and 2 months following, respectively. Dike shape is distinctive, with a main limb plunging from the surface to 2-3 km depth in the up-rift direction toward Kilauea's summit, and a lesser projection extending in the down-rift direction toward Pu'u 'O'o at 2 km depth. Volume losses beneath Kilauea summit (1.7 MCM) and Pu'u 'O'o (5.6 MCM) crater, relative to dike plus erupted volume (18.3 MCM), yield a dike to source volume ratio of 2.5 that is in the range expected for compressible magma without requiring additional sources. Inflation of Kilauea's summit in the months before the March 2011 eruption suggests that the Kamoamoa eruption resulted from overpressure of the volcano's magmatic system. C1 [Lundgren, Paul; Yun, Sang-Ho; Fielding, Eric; Liu, Zhen; Hensley, Scott; Owen, Susan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Poland, Michael; Miklius, Asta; Orr, Tim] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaiian Volcanoes Natl, HI USA. [Tanaka, Akiko] AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Szeliga, Walter] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. RP Lundgren, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-233, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paul.R.Lundgren@jpl.nasa.gov RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; Liu, Zhen/D-8334-2017; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) [ID 2270]; Hawaii Supersite project [GEO0875]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX The COSMO-SkyMed data were provided courtesy of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under CSK AO Project ID 2270. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) TerraSAR-X data were courtesy of the Hawaii Supersite project GEO0875. ALOS PALSAR data were provided courtesy of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Minestry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), which were distributed by the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC). METI and JAXA retain ownership of the original ALOS PALSAR data. UAVSAR data were provided by the UAVSAR Project, JPL, with special thanks to Y. Zheng, Y. Lou, the radar operations personnel at JPL, and T. Moes and the flight operations personnel at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. Maps in Figure 1 were generated using the public domain Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software [Wessel and Smith, 1995]. Critical reviews from two anonymous reviewers and C. Wicks greatly improved the manuscript. Original TerraSAR-X data is copyright (2011) DLR. Original COSMO-SkyMed data copyright (2010, 2011). The research described in this paper was supported under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 897 EP 914 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50108 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300008 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Prejean, SG Beroza, GC Gomberg, JS Haeussler, PJ AF Brown, Justin R. Prejean, Stephanie G. Beroza, Gregory C. Gomberg, Joan S. Haeussler, Peter J. TI Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tectonic tremor along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC TREMOR; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SLIP; EXCITATION AB We characterize and locate tremor not associated with volcanoes along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone using continuous seismic data recorded by the Alaska Volcano Observatory and the Alaska Earthquake Information Center from 2005 to present. Visual inspection of waveform spectra and time series reveal dozens of 10 to 20 min bursts of tremor along the length of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. We use autocorrelation to demonstrate that these tremor signals are composed of hundreds of repeating low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). The tremor activity we characterize is localized in four segments, from east to west: Kodiak Island, Shumagin Gap, Unalaska, and Andreanof Islands. Although the geometry, age, thermal structure, frictional, and other relevant properties of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone are poorly known, these characteristics are likely to differ systematically from east to west. Locations near Kodiak Island are the most reliable because station coverage is more complete. LFE hypocenters in this region are located on the plate interface near the down-dip limit of the 1964 M-w 9.2 Alaska earthquake rupture area. LFE hypocenters in the remaining areas along the arc are also located down-dip of the most recent M-w 8+ megathrust earthquakes. Although these locations are less well constrained, our results support the hypothesis that tremor activity marks the down-dip rupture limit for great megathrust earthquakes in this subduction zone. Lastly, there is no correlation between the presence of tremor and particular aspects of over-riding or subducting plate geology or coupling. It appears that LFEs are a fundamental characteristic of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. C1 [Brown, Justin R.; Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Prejean, Stephanie G.; Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Gomberg, Joan S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrbrown5@stanford.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU USGS Earthquake Hazards Program; Alaska Science Center; NSF [EAR-07 10835] FX We thank Robert Clapp, Natalia Ruppert, Doug Christensen, and Chloe Peterson for helpful discussion. Steven McNutt, Scott Stihler, Jim Dixon, and many duty seismologists at the AVO provided a thorough daily catalog of tremor-like signals. We also thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for thorough comments. J.R.B. was supported by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program and Alaska Science Center. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR-07 10835. This work utilized the Stanford Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Sciences. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1029/2012JB009459 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300020 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Missing great earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; LESSER-ANTILLES; MAGNITUDE UNCERTAINTIES; HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC HAZARD; SUBDUCTION; MEGATHRUST; FREQUENCY; TIME; ARC AB The occurrence of three earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 8.8 and six earthquakes larger than Mw 8.5, since 2004, has raised interest in the long-term global rate of great earthquakes. Past studies have focused on the analysis of earthquakes since 1900, which roughly marks the start of the instrumental era in seismology. Before this time, the catalog is less complete and magnitude estimates are more uncertain. Yet substantial information is available for earthquakes before 1900, and the catalog of historical events is being used increasingly to improve hazard assessment. Here I consider the catalog of historical earthquakes and show that approximately half of all Mw >= 8.5 earthquakes are likely missing or underestimated in the 19th century. I further present a reconsideration of the felt effects of the 8 February 1843, Lesser Antilles earthquake, including a first thorough assessment of felt reports from the United States, and show it is an example of a known historical earthquake that was significantly larger than initially estimated. The results suggest that incorporation of best available catalogs of historical earthquakes will likely lead to a significant underestimation of seismic hazard and/or the maximum possible magnitude in many regions, including parts of the Caribbean. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1098 EP 1108 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50083 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300022 ER PT J AU Wicks, C Weaver, C Bodin, P Sherrod, B AF Wicks, Charles Weaver, Craig Bodin, Paul Sherrod, Brian TI InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RADAR; MINE AB In 2001, a nearly five month long sequence of shallow, mostly small magnitude earthquakes occurred beneath the city of Spokane, a city with a population of about 200,000, in the state of Washington. During most of the sequence, the earthquakes were not well located because seismic instrumentation was sparse. Despite poor-quality locations, the earthquake hypocenters were likely very shallow, because residents near the city center both heard and felt many of the earthquakes. The combination of poor earthquake locations and a lack of known surface faults with recent movement make assessing the seismic hazards related to the earthquake swarm difficult. However, the potential for destruction from a shallow moderate-sized earthquake is high, for example Christchurch New Zealand in 2011, so assessing the hazard potential of a seismic structure involved in the Spokane earthquake sequence is important. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency ERS2 and ENVISAT satellites and the Canadian Space Agency RADARSAT-1, satellite we are able to show that slip on a shallow previously unknown thrust fault, which we name the Spokane Fault, is the source of the earthquake sequence. The part of the Spokane Fault that slipped during the 2001 earthquake sequence underlies the north part of the city, and slip on the fault was concentrated between similar to 0.3 and 2 km depth. Projecting the buried fault plane to the surface gives a possible surface trace for the Spokane Fault that strikes northeast from the city center into north Spokane. Citation: Wicks, C., C. Weaver, P. Bodin, and B. Sherrod (2013), InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 1268-1276, doi: 10.1002/jgrb.50118. C1 [Wicks, Charles] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weaver, Craig; Sherrod, Brian] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bodin, Paul] Univ Washington, Pacific Norhwest Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wicks, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cwicks@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50118 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300035 ER PT J AU Churikova, TG Ivanov, BV Eichelberger, J Worner, G Browne, B Izbekov, P AF Churikova, T. G. Ivanov, B. V. Eichelberger, J. Woerner, G. Browne, B. Izbekov, P. TI Major and trace element zoning in plagioclase from Kizimen Volcano (Kamchatka): Insights into magma-chamber processes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELT INCLUSIONS; PHENOCRYSTS; EVOLUTION; ANDESITES; RECHARGE; ZONATION; MANTLE; DUSTY; JAPAN AB The data on the geochemistry of the rocks of Kizimen Volcano and results of microprobe studies of major and trace elements in plagioclase grains from acid lavas and basalt inclusions are presented. The characteristics of the Kizimen Volcano are the following: (1) basalt inclusions are abundant in acid lavas; (2) banded, mixed lavas occur; (3) the distribution curves of rare-earth elements of acidic lavas and basalt inclusions intersect; (4) Sr-Nd isotope systematics of the rocks and inclusions do not indicate mixture with crustal material; (5) plagioclase phenocrysts are of direct and reverse zonation; (6) olivine and hornblende, as well as acid and mafic plagioclases, coexist in the rocks. The studies revealed that the rocks are of a hybrid nature and originated in the course of repeated mixture of acid and mafic melts either with chemical and thermal interaction of melts or exclusively thermal ones. Study of the major- and trace-element distribution in zonal minerals provides an informative tool for understanding the history of the generation and evolution of melts in a magma chamber. C1 [Churikova, T. G.; Ivanov, B. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. [Churikova, T. G.; Woerner, G.] Univ Gottingen, Ctr Geol Sci, Geochem Div, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Eichelberger, J.] USGS, Volcan Hazards Program, Reston, VA USA. [Browne, B.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Izbekov, P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Churikova, TG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Piipa Bulvar 9, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. EM tchurikova@mail.ru; jeichelberger@usgs.gov; gwoerne@gwdg.de; bbrowne@fullerton.edu; pavel@gi.alaska.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016; OI Churikova, Tatiana/0000-0002-9929-9764 FU cooperative program of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research-DFG [00-05040000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-5-00600]; Federal Agency for Science and Innovations [43.700.11.00005, 43.043.11.1606, 01.700.12.0028]; [Wo362/15-1+2] FX This work was supported by Project Wo362/15-1+2, by the cooperative program of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research-DFG, project no. 00-05040000, by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 08-5-00600, and by the Federal Agency for Science and Innovations, projects nos. 43.700.11.00005, 43.043.11.1606, 01.700.12.0028. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0742-0463 J9 J VOLCANOL SEISMOL+ JI J. Volcanol. Seismol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 112 EP 130 DI 10.1134/S0742046313020024 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 139HN UT WOS:000318572800002 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Cashman, KV Hagstrum, JT Beeler, NM Moran, SC Denlinger, RP AF Pallister, John S. Cashman, Katharine V. Hagstrum, Jonathan T. Beeler, Nicholas M. Moran, Seth C. Denlinger, Roger P. TI Faulting within the Mount St. Helens conduit and implications for volcanic earthquakes SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; FE-TI OXIDES; MAGMA ASCENT; SHEAR ZONES; LAVA DOME; MONTSERRAT; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB The 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced seven dacite spines mantled by cataclastic fault rocks, comprising an outer fault core and an inner damage zone. These fault rocks provide remarkable insights into the mechanical processes that accompany extrusion of degassed magma, insights that are useful in forecasting dome-forming eruptions. The outermost part of the fault core consists of finely comminuted fault gouge that is host to 1- to 3-mm-thick layers of extremely fine-grained slickenside-bearing ultracataclasite. Interior to the fault core, there is an similar to 2-m-thick damage zone composed of cataclastic breccia and sheared dacite, and interior to the damage zone, there is massive to flow-banded dacite lava of the spine interior. Structures and microtextures indicate entirely brittle deformation, including rock breakage, tensional dilation, shearing, grain flow, and micro faulting, as well as gas and fluid migration through intergranular pores and fractures in the damage zone. Slickenside lineations and consistent orientations of Riedel shears indicate upward shear of the extruding spines against adjacent conduit wall rocks. Paleomagnetic directions, demagnetization paths, oxide mineralogy, and petrology indicate that cataclasis took place within dacite in a solidified steeply dipping volcanic conduit at temperatures above 500 degrees C. Low water content of matrix glass is consistent with brittle behavior at these relatively high temperatures, and the presence of tridymite indicates solidification depths of <1 km. Cataclasis was coincident with the eruption's seismogenic zone at <1.5 km. More than a million small and low-frequency "drumbeat" earthquakes with coda magnitudes (M-d) <2.0 and frequencies <5 Hz occurred during the 2004-2008 eruption. Our field data provide a means with which to estimate slip-patch dimensions for shear planes and to compare these with estimates of slip patches based on seismic moments and shear moduli for dacite rock and granular fault gouge. Based on these comparisons, we find that aseismic creep is achieved by micron-scale displacements on Riedel shears and by granular flow, whereas the drumbeat earthquakes require millimeter to centimeter displacements on relatively large (e. g., similar to 1000 m(2)) slip patches, possibly along observed extensive principal shear zones within the fault core but probably not along the smaller Riedel shears. Although our field and structural data are compatible with stick-slip models, they do not rule out seismic and infrasound models that call on resonance of steam-filled fractures to generate the drumbeat earthquakes. We suggest that stick-slip and gas release processes may be coupled, and that regardless of the source mechanism, the distinctive drumbeat earthquakes are proving to be an effective precursor for dome-forming eruptions. Our data document a continuous cycle of deformation along the conduit margins beginning with episodes of fracture in the damage zone and followed by transfer of motion to the fault core. We illustrate the cycle of deformation using a hypothetical cross section of the Mount St. Helens conduit, extending from the surface to the depth of magmatic solidification. C1 [Pallister, John S.; Beeler, Nicholas M.; Moran, Seth C.; Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hagstrum, Jonathan T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov RI Jiao, Liqing/A-8821-2011 NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 37 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 376 DI 10.1130/B30716.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 130IJ UT WOS:000317907000006 ER PT J AU Li, JR Okin, GS Herrick, JE Belnap, J Miller, ME Vest, K Draut, AE AF Li, Junran Okin, Gregory S. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Belnap, Jayne Miller, Mark E. Vest, Kimberly Draut, Amy E. TI Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; WIND EROSION; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; ROUGHNESS; SOIL; VALIDATION; GRASSLAND AB Aeolian transport is an important characteristic of many arid and semiarid regions worldwide that affects dust emission and ecosystem processes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recent model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation. This approach differs from previous models by accounting for how vegetation affects the distribution of shear velocity on the surface rather than merely calculating the average effect of vegetation on surface shear velocity or simply using empirical relationships. Vegetation, soil, and meteorological data at 65 field sites with measurements of horizontal aeolian flux were collected from the Western United States. Measured fluxes were tested against modeled values to evaluate model performance, to obtain a set of optimum model parameters, and to estimate the uncertainty in these parameters. The same field data were used to model horizontal aeolian flux using three other schemes. Our results show that the model can predict horizontal aeolian flux with an approximate relative error of 2.1 and that further empirical corrections can reduce the approximate relative error to 1.0. The level of error is within what would be expected given uncertainties in threshold shear velocity and wind speed at our sites. The model outperforms the alternative schemes both in terms of approximate relative error and the number of sites at which threshold shear velocity was exceeded. These results lend support to an understanding of the physics of aeolian transport in which (1) vegetation's impact on transport is dependent upon the distribution of vegetation rather than merely its average lateral cover and (2) vegetation impacts surface shear stress locally by depressing it in the immediate lee of plants rather than by changing the bulk surface's threshold shear velocity. Our results also suggest that threshold shear velocity is exceeded more than might be estimated by single measurements of threshold shear stress and roughness length commonly associated with vegetated surfaces, highlighting the variation of threshold shear velocity with space and time in real landscapes. C1 [Li, Junran; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Li, Junran; Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT USA. [Vest, Kimberly] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Okin, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM okin@ucla.edu OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; NSF EAR [0720218]; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX We thank Matthew Van Scoyoc and Michelle Mattocks for their assistance in collecting soil and vegetation data. We also acknowledge Frank Urban for providing wind data for some of the Utah sites. We would also like to thank the editor, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Land Management, and NSF EAR Grants 0720218 and NASA Grant NNX10AO97G. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20040 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 135ES UT WOS:000318271200021 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF Akhavan, M Langevin, CD Michael, HA Sawyer, AH AF Konikow, L. F. Akhavan, M. Langevin, C. D. Michael, H. A. Sawyer, A. H. TI Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; PORE-WATER EXCHANGE; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; SUBTIDAL PUMP; COASTAL OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; FLOW; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT AB Measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in coastal areas often show that the saltwater discharge component is substantially greater than the freshwater discharge. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these high saltwater discharge values, including saltwater circulation driven by wave and tidal pumping, wave and tidal setup in intertidal areas, currents over bedforms, and density gradients resulting from mixing along the freshwater-saltwater interface. In this study, a new mechanism for saltwater circulation and discharge is proposed and evaluated. The process results from interaction between bedform topography and buoyancy forces, even without flow or current over the bedform. In this mechanism, an inverted salinity (and density) profile in the presence of both a bedform on the seafloor and an upward flow of fresher groundwater from depth induces a downward flow of saline pore water under the troughs and upward flow under the adjacent crest of the bedform. The magnitude and occurrence of the mechanism were tested using numerical methods. The results indicate that this mechanism could drive seawater circulation under a limited range of conditions and contribute 20%-30% of local SGD when and where the process is operative. Bedform shape, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, and salinity at depth in the porous media, aquifer thickness, effective porosity, and hydrodynamic dispersion are among the factors that control the occurrence and magnitude of the circulation of seawater by this mechanism. Citation: Konikow, L. F., M. Akhavan, C. D. Langevin, H. A. Michael, and A. H. Sawyer (2013), Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1386-1399, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20121. C1 [Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Akhavan, M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Langevin, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Michael, H. A.; Sawyer, A. H.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0910756]; Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory [EAR-0724971] FX We appreciate the helpful review comments from P. W. Swarzenski, J. N. King, B. Cardenas, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through EAR-0910756 and the Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory, EAR-0724971. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1386 EP 1399 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20121 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HM UT WOS:000317829900012 ER PT J AU Mirus, BB Nimmo, JR AF Mirus, Benjamin B. Nimmo, John R. TI Balancing practicality and hydrologic realism: A parsimonious approach for simulating rapid groundwater recharge via unsaturated-zone preferential flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS ROCK; NONEQUILIBRIUM; SOILS; MODEL AB The impact of preferential flow on recharge and contaminant transport poses a considerable challenge to water-resources management. Typical hydrologic models require extensive site characterization, but can underestimate fluxes when preferential flow is significant. A recently developed source-responsive model incorporates film-flow theory with conservation of mass to estimate unsaturated-zone preferential fluxes with readily available data. The term source-responsive describes the sensitivity of preferential flow in response to water availability at the source of input. We present the first rigorous tests of a parsimonious formulation for simulating water table fluctuations using two case studies, both in arid regions with thick unsaturated zones of fractured volcanic rock. Diffuse flow theory cannot adequately capture the observed water table responses at both sites; the source-responsive model is a viable alternative. We treat the active area fraction of preferential flow paths as a scaled function of water inputs at the land surface then calibrate the macropore density to fit observed water table rises. Unlike previous applications, we allow the characteristic film-flow velocity to vary, reflecting the lag time between source and deep water table responses. Analysis of model performance and parameter sensitivity for the two case studies underscores the importance of identifying thresholds for initiation of film flow in unsaturated rocks, and suggests that this parsimonious approach is potentially of great practical value. Citation: Mirus, B. B., and J. R. Nimmo (2013), Balancing practicality and hydrologic realism: A parsimonious approach for simulating rapid groundwater recharge via unsaturated-zone preferential flow, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1458-1465, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20141. C1 [Mirus, Benjamin B.; Nimmo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X FU USGS INL Project Office FX This work was funded in part by the USGS INL Project Office. Special thanks to Jeff Forbes for providing the data from INTEC and to Joe Fenelon for helpful discussions about Rainier Mesa. Constructive comments from the Managing and Associate Editors, as well as the reviewers helped us to improve the quality of this work. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1458 EP 1465 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20141 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HM UT WOS:000317829900017 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Fregoso, TA Figurski, JD Freiwald, J Lonhart, SI Finlayson, DP AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Fregoso, Theresa A. Figurski, Jared D. Freiwald, Jan Lonhart, Steve I. Finlayson, David P. TI Burial and exhumation of temperate bedrock reefs as elucidated by repetitive high-resolution sea floor sonar surveys: Spatial patterns and impacts to species' richness and diversity SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bedrock; Sediment; Burial; Exhumation; Diversity; Richness ID AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHERN MONTEREY-BAY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MARINE RESERVES; EL-NINO; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB To understand how chronic sediment burial and scour contribute to variation in the structure of algal and invertebrate communities on temperate bedrock reefs, the dynamics of the substrate and communities were monitored at locations that experience sand inundation and adjacent areas that do not. Co-located benthic scuba-transect surveys and high-resolution swath-sonar surveys were completed on bedrock reefs on the inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, in early winter 2009, spring 2010, and summer 2010. Analysis of the sonar surveys demonstrates that during the 8 months over which the surveys were conducted, 19.6% of the study area was buried by sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock over 13.8% of the study area; the remainder underwent no change between the surveys. Substrate classifications from the benthic transect surveys correlated with classifications generated from the sonar surveys, demonstrating the capacity of high-resolution sonar surveys to detect burial of bedrock reefs by sediment. On bedrock habitat that underwent burial and exhumation, species' diversity and richness of rock-associated sessile and mobile organisms were 50-66% lower as compared to adjacent stable bedrock habitat. While intermediate levels of disturbance can increase the diversity and richness of communities, these findings demonstrate that burial and exhumation of bedrock habitat are sources of severe disturbance. We suggest that substrate dynamics must be considered when developing predictions of benthic community distributions based on sea floor imagery. These results highlight the need for predictive models of substrate dynamics and for a better understanding of how burial and exhumation shape benthic communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Fregoso, Theresa A.; Finlayson, David P.] Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Figurski, Jared D.; Freiwald, Jan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; tfregoso@usgs.gov; figurski@biology.ucsc.edu; freiwald@biology.ucsc.edu; steve.lonhart@noaa.gov; dfinlayson@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Fregoso, Theresa/0000-0001-7802-5812 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coastal and marine ecosystems. Jared Figurski (UCSC) and J Freiwald (UCSC) participated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey- University of California at Santa Cruz Co-Operative. Jackson Currie, David Finlayson, Robert Wyland, Gerry Hatcher and Mike Boyle (USGS) ran the sonar acquisition systems while Pete dal Ferro and Jamie Grover (USGS) captained the vessel R/V Parke Snavely. Brian Edwards (USGS), Peter Dartnell (USGS), and Piers Larcombe (MetOcean) contributed numerous excellent suggestions and a timely review of our work. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 55 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.013 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 130TU UT WOS:000317943800004 ER PT J AU Harris, AJL Delle Donne, D Dehn, J Ripepe, M Worden, AK AF Harris, A. J. L. Delle Donne, D. Dehn, J. Ripepe, M. Worden, A. K. TI Volcanic plume and bomb field masses from thermal infrared camera imagery SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic explosion; thermal camera; mass; volume; heat flux ID ACTIVE LAVA FLOWS; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; SOURCE DYNAMICS; FALL DEPOSITS; ERUPTIONS; PYROCLASTS; MECHANISMS; HAWAIIAN; VOLUMES AB Masses erupted during normal explosions at Stromboli volcano (Italy) are notoriously difficult to measure. We present a method that uses thermal infrared video for cooling bomb fields to obtain the total power emitted by all hot particles emitted during an explosion. A given mass of magma (M) will emit a finite amount of thermal power, defined by M c(p)(T-e-T-o), c(p) and T-e being magma specific heat capacity and temperature, and To being ambient temperature. We use this relation to convert the total power emitted by the bomb field to the mass required to generate that power. To do this we extract power flux curves for the field and integrate this through time to obtain total power (E). This is used to estimate mass (Q) in Q=E/c(p)(T-e-T-o). When applied to individual bombs we obtain masses of between 1 and 9 kg per bomb, or a volume of 970 and 6500 cm(3). These volumes equate to spheres with diameters 12 and 27 cm. For the entire bomb field we obtain volumes of 7-28 m(3). We calculate masses for 32 eruptions and obtain typical bomb masses of between 10(3) and 10(4) kg per eruption. In addition, we estimate that between 10(2) and 10(3) kg of gas and ash are emitted as part of a mixed plume of bombs, gas and ash. We identify two types of eruption on the basis of the erupted bomb masses and the ratio of the plume's gas-and-ash component to the bomb component. The first type is bomb-dominated, is characterized by bomb masses of 10(4) kg and has ash gas/bomb ratios of similar to 0.02. The second type is ash-and-gas dominated, is characterized by erupted bomb masses of 10(3) kg and has ash-gas/bomb ratios of around one, and as high as two. There is no correlation between the quantity of bombs and quantity of gas-ash erupted. In addition, while source pressure for each explosion correlates with the quantity of gas and ash erupted, the mass of bombs emitted varies independently of pressure. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, A. J. L.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Delle Donne, D.; Ripepe, M.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Dehn, J.; Worden, A. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Harris, AJL (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM a.harris@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr OI Delle Donne, Dario/0000-0001-6085-3118; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 FU la Region Auvergne; Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc [53] FX This work was greatly improved following the comments of two reviewers (Matthew Patrick and Sonia Calvari), among other things they were responsible for addition of Electronic Supplement 1 and Appendix A. This work was supported by la Region Auvergne and is Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc contribution no 53. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 365 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 133HR UT WOS:000318130000008 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Wenger, SJ Rieman, BE Isaak, DJ AF Peterson, Douglas P. Wenger, Seth J. Rieman, Bruce E. Isaak, Daniel J. TI Linking Climate Change and Fish Conservation Efforts Using Spatially Explicit Decision Support Tools SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LAND MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BULL TROUT; BROOK TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AB Fisheries professionals are increasingly tasked with incorporating climate change projections into their decisions. Here we demonstrate how a structured decision framework, coupled with analytical tools and spatial data sets, can help integrate climate and biological information to evaluate management alternatives. We present examples that link down-scaled climate change scenarios to fish populations for two common types of problems: (1) strategic spatial prioritization of limited conservation resources and (2) deciding whether removing migration barriers would benefit a native fish also threatened with invasion by a nonnative competitor. We used Bayesian networks (BNs) to translate each decision problem into a quantitative tool and implemented these models under historical and future climate projections. The spatial prioritization BN predicted a substantial loss of habitat for the target species by the 2080s and provided a means to map habitats and populations most likely to persist under future climate projections. The barrier BN applied to three streams predicted that barrier removal decisions-previously made assuming a stationary climate-were likely robust under the climate scenario considered. The examples demonstrate the benefit of structuring the decision-making process to clarify management objectives, formalize assumptions, synthesize current understanding about climate effects on fish populations, and identify key uncertainties requiring further investigation. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM doug_peterson@fws.gov FU U.S. Forest Service [06-IA-11221659-097]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center; U.S. Geological Survey [G09AC00050]; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; "emeritus" association FX K. Rogers, an anonymous reviewer, and the Science Editor provided helpful reviews that improved the manuscript. D. Peterson was supported by the U.S. Forest Service (Agreement 06-IA-11221659-097) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center. S. Wenger was supported by grant G09AC00050 from the U.S. Geological Survey and contracts from the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. D. Isaak was supported by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. B. Rieman was supported by an "emeritus" association with the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, or Trout Unlimited. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 112 EP 127 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.769157 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133SC UT WOS:000318159000003 ER PT J AU Fuller, P Neilson, M Huge, DH AF Fuller, Pam Neilson, Matt Huge, Dane H. TI The NAS Alert System: A Look at the First Eight Years SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; UNITED-STATES; AQUARIUM TRADE; NORTH-AMERICA; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INVASION; FISH; INTRODUCTIONS; ESTABLISHMENT AB The U.S. Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database program (http://nas.er.usgs.gov) tracks the distribution of introduced aquatic organisms across the United States. Awareness of, and timely response to, novel species introductions by those involved in nonindigenous aquatic species management and research requires a framework for rapid dissemination of occurrence data as it is incorporated into the NAS database. In May 2004, the NAS program developed an alert system to notify registered users of new introductions as part of a national early detection/rapid response system. This article summarizes information on system users and dispatched alerts from the system's inception through the end of 2011. The NAS alert system has registered over 1,700 users, with approximately 800 current subscribers. A total of 1,189 alerts had been transmitted through 2011. More alerts were sent for Florida (134 alerts) than for any other state. Fishes comprise the largest taxonomic group of alerts (440), with mollusks, plants, and crustaceans each containing over 100 alerts. Most alerts were for organisms that were intentionally released (414 alerts), with shipping, escape from captivity, and hitchhiking also representing major vectors. To explore the archive of sent alerts and to register, the search and sign-up page for the alert system can be found online at http://nas.er.usgs.gov/AlertSystem/default.aspx. C1 [Fuller, Pam; Huge, Dane H.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Neilson, Matt] US Geol Survey, Jacobs Technol, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Fuller, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pfuller@usgs.gov RI Neilson, Matthew/B-4501-2009 OI Neilson, Matthew/0000-0002-5139-5677 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program; National Biological Information Infrastructure, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The NAS program and staff thank state and federal ANS coordinators, as well as many other biologists and the general public for reporting these occurrences to us. We also thank our funders: the U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program and National Biological Information Infrastructure, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.767241 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133SC UT WOS:000318159000004 ER PT J AU Bernardy, JA Hubert, TD Ogorek, JM Schmidt, LJ AF Bernardy, Jeffry A. Hubert, Terrance D. Ogorek, Jacob M. Schmidt, Larry J. TI Determination of Antimycin-A in Water by Liquid Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY AB An LC/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination and confirmation of antimycin-A (ANT-A) in water from lakes or streams. Three different water sample volumes (25, 50, and 250 mL) were evaluated. ANT-A was stabilized in the field by immediately extracting it from water into anhydrous acetone using SPE. The stabilized concentrated samples were then transported to a laboratory and analyzed by LC/MS using negative electrospray ionization. The method was determined to have adequate accuracy (78 to 113% recovery), precision (0.77 to 7.5% RSD with samples >= 500 ng/L and 4.8 to 17% RSD with samples 5100 ng/L), linearity, and robustness over an LOQ range from 8 to 51 600 ng/L. C1 [Bernardy, Jeffry A.; Hubert, Terrance D.; Schmidt, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ogorek, Jacob M.] US Geol Survey, Midwest Area, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Bernardy, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jbernardy@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.12-286 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 129UV UT WOS:000317870400027 PM 23767368 ER PT J AU Evans, MA Scavia, D AF Evans, Mary Anne Scavia, Donald TI Exploring estuarine eutrophication sensitivity to nutrient loading SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; CHESAPEAKE BAY HYPOXIA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; STRATIFIED ESTUARY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; OXYGEN DYNAMICS; NITROGEN LOADS; SIMPLE-MODEL; RIVER-BASIN AB The sensitivity of surface chlorophyll (Chl) and bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) to total nitrogen (TN) load was investigated using a Bayesian-based process model fit to data from a range of estuaries. The model was used to test if the sensitivity of DO depletion to TN loads is dependent only on factors controlling the sensitivity of surface Chl, or if additional factors are important. Results indicate that separate processes control Chl and DO sensitivity, and that these sensitivities vary among estuaries. Analysis of fitted parameters across estuaries showed that Chl sensitivity to TN loading was positively correlated with water residence time, and DO sensitivity to Chl was positively correlated with relative mixing depth. C1 [Evans, Mary Anne; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Evans, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mevans@umich.edu OI Evans, Mary Anne/0000-0002-1627-7210; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center [NA05NOS4781204] FX We gratefully acknowledge the many data sources upon which this work draws, especially from Suzanne Bricker and the National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (NEEA), as well as Richard Alexander and the Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model team. The manuscript was improved through helpful comments and suggestions by two anonymous reviewers. Young Liu assisted with initial model development. This work is contribution 159 of the Coastal Hypoxia Research Program and was supported in part by grant NA05NOS4781204 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.2.0569 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130XU UT WOS:000317954300012 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Reilly, TJ Sandstrom, MW Kuivila, KM AF Smalling, Kelly L. Reilly, Timothy J. Sandstrom, Mark W. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fungicides; Pyraclostrobin; Bed sediment; Suspended solids; Persistence ID SURFACE WATERS; RIVER-BASIN; PESTICIDES; SOILS; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY; STREAMS; RUNOFF AB To document the environmental occurrence and persistence of fungicides, a robust and sensitive analytical method was used to measure 34 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in bed sediments and suspended solids collected from areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within agricultural research farms using prophylactic fungicides at rates and types typical of their geographic location. At least two fungicides were detected in 55% of the bed and 83% of the suspended solid samples and were detected in conjunction with herbicides and insecticides. Six fungicides were detected in all samples including pyraclostrobin (75%), boscalid (53%), chlorothalonil (41%) and zoxamide (22%). Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, used frequently in the United States on a variety of crops, was detected more frequently than p,p'-DDE, the primary degradate of p,p'-DDT, which is typically one of the most frequently occurring pesticides in sediments collected within highly agricultural areas. Maximum fungicide concentrations in bed sediments and suspended solids were 198 and 56.7 mu g/kg dry weight, respectively. There is limited information on the occurrence, fate, and persistence of many fungicides in sediment and the environmental impacts are largely unknown. The results of this study indicate the importance of documenting the persistence of fungicides in the environment and the need for a better understanding of off-site transport mechanisms, particularly in areas where crops are grown that require frequent treatments to prevent fungal diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov' OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675; Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The managers of the source of funding did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100021 PM 23380566 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Pinkney, AE Jenkins, JA Iwanowicz, LR Minkkinen, S Draugelis-Dale, RO Uphoff, JH AF Blazer, Vicki S. Pinkney, Alfred E. Jenkins, Jill A. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Minkkinen, Steven Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. Uphoff, James H. TI Reproductive health of yellow perch Perca flavescens in selected tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; Chesapeake Bay; Reproductive health; Oocyte maturation; Leydig cell proliferation ID DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; LEYDIG-CELL HYPERPLASIA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; FATHEAD MINNOW; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; OOCYTE MATURATION; FISH; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Reduced recruitment of yellow perch has been noted for a number of years in certain urbanized watersheds (South and Severn Rivers) of the Chesapeake Bay. Other rapidly developing watersheds such as Mattawoman Creek are more recently showing evidence of reduced recruitment of anadromous fishes. In this study, we used a battery of biomarkers to better document the reproductive health of adult yellow perch collected during spring spawning in 2007-2009. Perch were collected in the South and Severn Rivers, Mattawoman Creek and the less developed Choptank and Allen's Fresh watersheds for comparison. Gonadosomatic indices, plasma reproductive hormone concentrations, plasma vitellogenin concentrations and gonad histology were evaluated in mature perch of both sexes. In addition, sperm quantity (cell counts) and quality (total and progressive motility, spermatogenic stage and DNA integrity), were measured in male perch. Many of these biomarkers varied annually and spatially, with some interesting statistical results and trends. Male perch from the Choptank and Allen's Fresh had generally higher sperm counts. In 2008 counts were significantly lower in the perch from the Severn when compared to other sites. The major microscopic gonadal abnormality in males was the proliferation of putative Leydig cells, observed in testes from Severn and less commonly, Mattawoman Creek perch. Observations that could significantly impact egg viability were an apparent lack of final maturation, abnormal yolk and thin, irregular zona pellucida. These were observed primarily in ovaries from Severn, South and less commonly Mattawoman Creek perch. The potential association of these observations with urbanization, impervious surface and chemical contaminants is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blazer, Vicki S.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pinkney, Alfred E.; Minkkinen, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Uphoff, James H.] Cooperat Oxford Lab, Fisheries Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Vblazer@usgs.gov; Fred_Pinkeny@fws.gov; jenkinsj@usgs.gov; Liwanowicz@usgs.gov; steve_minkkinen@fws.gov; daler@usgs.gov; juphoff@dnr.state.md.us OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Mirant Corporation; U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems, Fisheries and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Mirant Corporation and the U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems, Fisheries and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. The authors thank Deb Iwanowicz and Emily Chambers for assistance with perch necropsies; Kathryn Spring and Darlene Bowling (USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory) for histological slide preparation; E. Theall and H. Olivier (USGS National Wetlands Research Center) and B. Eilts (Louisiana State University) for CASA, and Peter Claggett, USGS for land use/land cover information. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.088 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100023 PM 23384644 ER PT J AU Ishii, M Kiser, E Geist, EL AF Ishii, Miaki Kiser, Eric Geist, Eric L. TI M-w 8.6 Sumatran earthquake of 11 April 2012: Rare seaward expression of oblique subduction SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HI-NET; ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; PLATE; SLIP; JAPAN AB The magnitude 8.6 and 8.2 earthquakes off northwestern Sumatra on 11 April 2012 generated small tsunami waves that were recorded by stations around the Indian Ocean. Combining differential travel-time modeling of tsunami waves with results from back projection of seismic data reveals a complex source with a significant trench-parallel component. The oblique plate convergence indicates that similar to 20-50 m of trench-parallel displacement could have accumulated since the last megathrust earthquake, only part of which has been taken up by the Great Sumatran fault. This suggests that the remaining trench-parallel motion was released during the magnitude 8.6 earthquake on 11 April 2012 within the subducting plate. The magnitude 8.6 earthquake is interpreted to be a result of oblique subduction as well as a reduction in normal stress due to the occurrence of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in 2004. C1 [Ishii, Miaki; Kiser, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ishii, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1130/G33783.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130IM UT WOS:000317907500008 ER PT J AU Wythers, KR Reich, PB Bradford, JB AF Wythers, Kirk R. Reich, Peter B. Bradford, John B. TI Incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and foliar respiration acclimation algorithms modifies modeled ecosystem responses to global change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; ELEVATED CO2; SOUTHERN-POPULATIONS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY AB Evidence suggests that respiration acclimation (RA) to temperature in plants can have a substantial influence on ecosystem carbon balance. To assess the influence of RA on ecosystem response variables in the presence of global change drivers, we incorporated a temperature-sensitive Q(10) of respiration and foliar basal RA into the ecosystem model PnET-CN. We examined the new algorithms' effects on modeled net primary production (NPP), total canopy foliage mass, foliar nitrogen concentration, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem respiration/gross primary production ratios. This latter ratio more closely matched eddy covariance long-termdata when RA was incorporated in the model than when not. Averaged across four boreal ecotone sites and three forest types at year 2100, the enhancement of NPP in response to the combination of rising [CO2] and warming was 9% greater when RA algorithms were used, relative to responses using fixed respiration parameters. The enhancement of NPP response to global change was associated with concomitant changes in foliar nitrogen and foliage mass. In addition, impacts of RA algorithms on modeled responses of NEE closely paralleled impacts on NPP. These results underscore the importance of incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and basal RA algorithms into ecosystem models. Given the current evidence that atmospheric [CO2] and surface temperature will continue to rise, and that ecosystem responses to those changes appear to be modified by RA, which is a common phenotypic adjustment, the potential for misleading results increases if models fail to incorporate RA into their carbon balance calculations. Citation: Wythers, K. R., P. B. Reich, and J. B. Bradford (2013), Incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and foliar respiration acclimation algorithms modifies modeled ecosystem responses to global change, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 77-90, doi:10.1029/2011JG001897. C1 [Wythers, Kirk R.; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wythers, KR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kwythers@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture [09-JV-11244419-037]; Wilderness Research Foundation; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, via joint venture agreement 09-JV-11244419-037, between the U. S. Forest Service and the University of Minnesota. Additional funding was supplied by the Wilderness Research Foundation and the Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1029/2011JG001897 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700007 ER PT J AU Sudduth, EB Perakis, SS Bernhardt, ES AF Sudduth, Elizabeth B. Perakis, Steven S. Bernhardt, Emily S. TI Nitrate in watersheds: Straight from soils to streams? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN SATURATION; MID-WALES; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SMALL CATCHMENTS; RIPARIAN ZONES; HUBBARD-BROOK; LAND-USE AB Human activities are rapidly increasing the global supply of reactive N and substantially altering the structure and hydrologic connectivity of managed ecosystems. There is long-standing recognition that N must be removed along hydrologic flow paths from uplands to streams, yet it has proven difficult to assess the generality of this removal across ecosystem types and whether these patterns are influenced by land use change. To assess how well upland nitrate (NO3-) loss is reflected in stream export, we gathered information from >50 watershed biogeochemical studies that reported nitrate concentrations ([NO3-]) for stream water and for either upslope soil solution or groundwater NO3- to examine whether stream export of NO3- accurately reflects upland NO3- losses. In this data set, soil solution and stream water [NO3-] were correlated across 40 undisturbed forest watersheds, with stream water [NO3-] typically half (median = 50%) soil solution [NO3-]. A similar relationship was seen in 10 disturbed forest watersheds. However, for 12 watersheds with significant agricultural or urban development, the intercept and slope were both significantly higher than the relationship seen in forest watersheds. Differences in concentration between soil solution or groundwater and stream water may be attributed to biological uptake, microbial processes including denitrification, and/or preferential flow routing. The results of this synthesis are consistent with the hypotheses that undisturbed watersheds have a significant capacity to remove nitrate after it passes below the rooting zone and that land use changes tend to alter the efficiency or the length of watershed flow paths, leading to reductions in nitrate removal and increased stream nitrate concentrations. Citation: Sudduth, E. B., S. S. Perakis, and E. S. Bernhardt (2013), Nitrate in watersheds: Straight from soils to streams?, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 291-302, doi:10.1002/jgrg.20030. C1 [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.; Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.; Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC USA. [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.] Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Sch Sci & Technol, Lawrenceville, GA 30043 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Sudduth, EB (reprint author), Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Sch Sci & Technol, 1000 Univ Ctr Ln, Lawrenceville, GA 30043 USA. EM esudduth@ggc.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program [916612] FX Larry Band, Peter Groffman, Dennis Baldocchi, Douglas Burns, and two anonymous reviewers offered extensive comments on a previous version of this manuscript that greatly improved it. We thank Justin Wright, Rob Jackson, Martin Doyle, and members of the Bernhardt lab for helpful comments and discussion. The research described in this paper has also been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program, Grant 916612. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 117 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 118 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700024 ER PT J AU Kasischke, ES Amiro, BD Barger, NN French, NHF Goetz, SJ Grosse, G Harmon, ME Hicke, JA Liu, SG Masek, JG AF Kasischke, Eric S. Amiro, Brian D. Barger, Nichole N. French, Nancy H. F. Goetz, Scott J. Grosse, Guido Harmon, Mark E. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Liu, Shuguang Masek, Jeffrey G. TI Impacts of disturbance on the terrestrial carbon budget of North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; FOREST GAP MODELS; ICE STORM DAMAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PERMAFROST THAW; FIRE SEVERITY; BOREAL FOREST; DYNAMICS; CANADA AB Because it is an important regulator of terrestrial carbon cycling in North America, extensive research on natural and human disturbances has been carried out as part of the North American Carbon Program and the CarboNA project. A synthesis of various components of this research was carried out, and the results are presented in the papers contained in this special section. While the synthesis primarily focused on the impacts of fire, insects/disease, and harvesting on terrestrial carbon cycling in forests, several groups focused on impacts of disturbance on woody encroachment in western U. S. dry lands and on soil carbon present in northern high-latitude regions. Here, we present a summary of the results from these papers, along with the findings and recommendations from the disturbance synthesis. Citation: Kasischke, E. S., B. D. Amiro, N. N. Barger, N. H. F. French, S. J. Goetz, G. Grosse, M. E. Harmon, J. A. Hicke, S. Liu, and J. G. Masek (2013), Impacts of disturbance on the terrestrial carbon budget of North America, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 303-316, doi:10.1002/jgrg.20027. C1 [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Amiro, Brian D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [French, Nancy H. F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kasischke, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekasisch@umd.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003 FU NASA [NNX08AK69G, NNX09AP53G, NNX08AG13G, NNX08AJ37, NNX08AI79G]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310526]; NSF [0902056, OPP-0732735]; USGS Western Mountain Initiative, U.S.F.S. Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, National Institute for Climate Change Research (Department of Energy); University of Idaho NSF EPSCoR FX The authors thank the U.S. Geological Survey for providing travel support for attendees of a disturbance synthesis workshop, held in Reston, Virginia, 28-30 October 2009. N.H.F.F. was supported by NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program grant NNX08AK69G and NASA Applied Science Program grant NNX09AP53G. S.J.G. acknowledges support from NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program grant NA08OAR4310526, NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program grant NNX08AG13G, and NSF Seasonality grant 0902056. G. G. was supported by NSF grant OPP-0732735 and NASA grant NNX08AJ37. J.A.H. was supported by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative, U.S.F.S. Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, National Institute for Climate Change Research (Department of Energy), and the University of Idaho NSF EPSCoR grant. E. S. K. was supported by NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program grant NNX08AI79G. J.G.M. was supported by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. NR 89 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 139 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700025 ER PT J AU Sollmann, R Gardner, B Parsons, AW Stocking, JJ McClintock, BT Simons, TR Pollock, KH O'Connell, AF AF Sollmann, Rahel Gardner, Beth Parsons, Arielle W. Stocking, Jessica J. McClintock, Brett T. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. O'Connell, Allan F. TI A spatial mark-resight model augmented with telemetry data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian statistics; camera trapping; density; mark-resight; Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler; population estimation; Procyon lotor; raccoons; spatial capture-recapture; telemetry ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; CARNIVORES; ABUNDANCE; RATES; NESTS AB Abundance and population density are fundamental pieces of information for population ecology and species conservation, but they are difficult to estimate for rare and elusive species. Mark-resight models are popular for estimating population abundance because they are less invasive and expensive than traditional mark-recapture. However, density estimation using mark-resight is difficult because the area sampled must be explicitly defined, historically using ad hoc approaches. We developed a spatial mark-resight model for estimating population density that combines spatial resighting data and telemetry data. Incorporating telemetry data allows us to inform model parameters related to movement and individual location. Our model also allows <100% individual identification of marked individuals. We implemented the model in a Bayesian framework, using a custom-made Metropolis-within-Gibbs Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. As an example, we applied this model to a mark-resight study of raccoons (Procyon lotor) on South Core Banks, a barrier island in Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. We estimated a population of 186.71 +/- 14.81 individuals, which translated to a density of 8.29 +/- 0.66 individuals/km(2) (mean +/- SD). The model presented here will have widespread utility in future applications, especially for species that are not naturally marked. C1 [Sollmann, Rahel; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Parsons, Arielle W.; Stocking, Jessica J.; Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. RP Sollmann, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, 110 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM rsollma@ncsu.edu FU Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service FX Funding support was provided by the Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. We are grateful to the resource management staff at Cape Lookout NS for their logistical support. We thank J. Andrew Royle, Richard B. Chandler, Brian Reich and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 85 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300001 PM 23687880 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Hines, JE Nichols, JD Grant, EHC AF Kendall, William L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Relaxing the closure assumption in occupancy models: staggered arrival and departure times SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anurans; climate change; detection probability; maximum likelihood; occupancy models; phenology; presence-absence; residence time; species distribution ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECAPTURE; RESPONSES AB Occupancy statistical models that account for imperfect detection have proved very useful in several areas of ecology, including species distribution and spatial dynamics, disease ecology, and ecological responses to climate change. These models are based on the collection of multiple samples at each of a number of sites within a given season, during which it is assumed the species is either absent or present and available for detection while each sample is taken. However, for some species, individuals are only present or available for detection seasonally. We present a statistical model that relaxes the closure assumption within a season by permitting staggered entry and exit times for the species of interest at each site. Based on simulation, our open model eliminates bias in occupancy estimators and in some cases increases precision. The power to detect the violation of closure is high if detection probability is reasonably high. In addition to providing more robust estimation of occupancy, this model permits comparison of phenology across sites, species, or years, by modeling variation in arrival or departure probabilities. In a comparison of four species of amphibians in Maryland we found that two toad species arrived at breeding sites later in the season than a salamander and frog species, and departed from sites earlier. C1 [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 610 EP 617 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300008 PM 23687887 ER PT J AU Yelenik, S Perakis, S Hibbs, D AF Yelenik, Stephanie Perakis, Steven Hibbs, David TI Regional constraints to biological nitrogen fixation in post-fire forest communities SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological nitrogen fixation; climate gradient; Klamath National Forest; P fertilization; plant competition; soil nitrogen ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CEANOTHUS-VELUTINUS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; INTERIOR ALASKA; PACIFIC MADRONE; OREGON CASCADES AB Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a key ecological process that can restore nitrogen (N) lost in wildfire and shape the pace and pattern of post-fire forest recovery. To date, there is limited information on how climate and soil fertility interact to influence different pathways of BNF in early forest succession. We studied asymbiotic (forest floor and soil) and symbiotic (the shrub Ceanothus integerrimus) BNF rates across six sites in the Klamath National Forest, California, USA. We used combined gradient and experimental phosphorus (P) fertilization studies to explore cross-site variation in BNF rates and then related these rates to abiotic and biotic variables. We estimate that our measured BNF rates 22 years after wildfire (6.1-12.1 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)) are unlikely to fully replace wildfire N losses. We found that asymbiotic BNF is P limited, although this is not the case for symbiotic BNF in Ceanothus. In contrast, Ceanothus BNF is largely driven by competition from other vegetation: in high-productivity sites with high potential evapotranspiration (Et), shrub biomass is suppressed as tree biomass increases. Because shrub biomass governed cross-site variation in Ceanothus BNF, this competitive interaction led to lower BNF in sites with high productivity and Et. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of nutrients play a larger role in driving asymbiotic than symbiotic fixation across our post-fire sites. However, because symbiotic BNF is 8-90x greater than asymbiotic BNF, it is interspecific plant competition that governs overall BNF inputs in these forests. C1 [Yelenik, Stephanie; Hibbs, David] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yelenik, S (reprint author), POB 2043, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. EM stephanie.yelenik@lifesci.ucsb.edu OI Yelenik, Stephanie/0000-0002-9011-0769 FU Bureau of Land Management; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon State University; Oregon Department of Forestry FX We thank C. Catricala, E. Cowley, A. Smith, and A. Thiel for help with labwork, and S. Dunham, A. Moreno, A. Paulson, F. Phiffer, and E. Sinkhorn for help with fieldwork. F. Prahl (OSU) kindly offered use of his lab for stable isotope work. C. Sharpe (USFS Happy Camp Ranger District) provided valuable logistic help, and J. Blanchard (Klamath National Forest) provided us with soil bulk density data for our sites. Our manuscript was improved by detailed suggestions from Julia Burton and two anonymous reviewers. Finally, we thank the Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Department of Forestry, the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and Oregon State University for funding. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 63 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 739 EP 750 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300020 PM 23687899 ER PT J AU Berger, AL Palik, B D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Bradford, JB Nislow, K King, D Brooks, RT AF Berger, Alaina L. Palik, Brian D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn Bradford, John B. Nislow, Keith King, David Brooks, Robert T. TI Ecological Impacts of Energy-Wood Harvests: Lessons from Whole-Tree Harvesting and Natural Disturbance SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE aquatic ecosystems; biodiversity; biofuels; carbon storage; energy-wood; forest productivity; natural disturbance; whole-tree harvesting; woody debris; saproxylic organisms ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; JACK PINE FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; NEW-ENGLAND; TEMPERATE FORESTS; INHABITING FUNGI; CARBON STORAGE AB Recent interest in using forest residues and small-diameter material for biofuels is generating a renewed focus on harvesting impacts and forest sustainability. The rich legacy of research from whole-tree harvesting studies can be examined in light of this interest. Although this research largely focused on consequences for forest productivity, in particular carbon and nutrient pools, it also has relevance for examining potential consequences for biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. This review is framed within a context of contrasting ecosystem impacts from whole-tree harvesting because it represents a high level of biomass removal. Although whole-tree harvesting does not fully use the nonmerchantable biomass available, it indicates the likely direction and magnitude of impacts that can occur through energy-wood harvesting compared with less-intensive conventional harvesting and to dynamics associated with various natural disturbances. The intent of this comparison is to gauge the degree of departure of energy-wood harvesting from less intensive conventional harvesting. The review of the literature found a gradient of increasing departure in residual structural conditions that remained in the forest when conventional and whole-tree harvesting was compared with stand-replacing natural disturbance. Important stand- and landscape-level processes were related to these structural conditions. The consequence of this departure may be especially potent because future energy-wood harvests may more completely use a greater range of forest biomass at potentially shortened rotations, creating a great need for research that explores the largely unknown scale of disturbance that may apply to our forest ecosystems. C1 [Berger, Alaina L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian; Nislow, Keith; King, David; Brooks, Robert T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Berger, AL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM alberger@umn.edu; bpalik@fs.fed.us; damato@umn.edu; sfraver@fs.fed.us; jbradford@usgs.gov; knislow@fs.fed.us; dking@fs.fed.us; rtbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Department of Energy/US Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development initiative grant; USDA Forest Service, Northern Forest Research Station FX The authors acknowledge support from the Department of Energy/US Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development initiative grant and funding from the USDA Forest Service, Northern Forest Research Station. The authors also acknowledge comments on an earlier version of this review by John Brissette. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 173 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 91 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 121OC UT WOS:000317253100011 ER PT J AU Kane, ES Chivers, MR Turetsky, MR Treat, CC Petersen, DG Waldrop, M Harden, JW McGuire, AD AF Kane, E. S. Chivers, M. R. Turetsky, M. R. Treat, C. C. Petersen, D. G. Waldrop, M. Harden, J. W. McGuire, A. D. TI Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Boreal; Fen; Climate change; Dissolved organic carbon; Peat; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle ID BIG RUN BOG; METHANE PRODUCTION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; PEAT SOILS; LABORATORY INCUBATIONS; VEGETATION GRADIENT; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; INTERIOR ALASKA; REDOX PROCESSES; CLIMATIC-CHANGE AB To test the effects of altered hydrology on organic soil decomposition, we investigated CO2 and CH4 production potential of rich-fen peat (mean surface pH = 6.3) collected from a field water table manipulation experiment including control, raised and lowered water table treatments. Mean anaerobic CO2 production potential at 10 cm depth (14.1 +/- 0.9 mu mol C g(-1) d(-1)) was as high as aerobic CO2 production potential (10.6 +/- 1.5 mu mol C g(-1) d(-1)), while CH4 production was low (mean of 7.8 +/- 1.5 nmol C g(-1) d(-1)). Denitrification enzyme activity indicated a very high denitrification potential (197 +/- 23 mu g N g(-1) d(-1)), but net NO3- reduction suggested this was a relatively minor pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. Abundances of denitrifier genes (nirK and nosZ) did not change across water table treatments. SO42- reduction also did not appear to be an important pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. The net accumulation of acetate and formate as decomposition end products in the raised water table treatment suggested that fermentation was a significant pathway for carbon mineralization, even in the presence of NOT. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were the strongest predictors of potential anaerobic and aerobic CO2 production. Across all water table treatments, the CO2:CH4 ratio increased with initial DOC leachate concentrations. While the field water table treatment did not have a significant effect on mean CO2 or CH4 production potential, the CO2:CH4 ratio was highest in shallow peat incubations from the drained treatment. These data suggest that with continued drying or with a more variable water table, anaerobic CO2 production may be favored over CH4 production in this rich fen. Future research examining the potential for dissolved organic substances to facilitate anaerobic respiration, or alternative redox processes that limit the effectiveness of organic acids as substrates in anaerobic metabolism, would help explain additional uncertainty concerning carbon mineralization in this system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kane, E. S.; Chivers, M. R.; Turetsky, M. R.; Treat, C. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Petersen, D. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldrop, M.; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Kane, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM eskane@mtu.edu; molly.chivers@us.army.mil; mrt@uoguelph.ca; claire.treat@unh.edu; dorthe.petersen@biology.au.dk; mwaldrop@usgs.gov; jharden@usgs.gov; admcguire@alaska.edu RI Petersen, Dorthe/B-6063-2009; OI Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0425328]; National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Water Sciences; Carlsberg foundation; NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service [PNWOHV11261952-231] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0425328, a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M.R.C., an Environmental Protection Agency Students to Achieve Results Fellowship to M.R.C., a Center for Water Sciences (MSU) fellowship to E.S.K., a post doc fellowship from the Carlsberg foundation to D.G.P., and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF Grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Grant PNWOHV11261952-231) with support from Global Change programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Jon O'Donnell, Erik Lilies kov, and Amy Burgin (and her students) for helpful review and comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also appreciate the very thoughtful and constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 97 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 120GH UT WOS:000317158300007 ER PT J AU Keller, AB Reed, SC Townsend, AR Cleveland, CC AF Keller, Adrienne B. Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Cleveland, Cory C. TI Effects of canopy tree species on belowground biogeochemistry in a lowland wet tropical forest SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Carbon; Nitrogen; Soil phosphatase enzymes; Phosphorus; Species effect; Tropical rain forest ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COSTA-RICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; WEATHERED SOILS; USE EFFICIENCY AB Tropical rain forests are known for their high biological diversity, but the effects of plant diversity on important ecosystem processes in this biome remain unclear. Interspecies differences in both the demand for nutrients and in foliar and litter nutrient concentrations could drive variations in both the pool sizes and fluxes of important belowground resources, yet our understanding of the effects and importance of aboveground heterogeneity on belowground biogeochemistry is poor, especially in the species-rich forests of the wet tropics. To investigate the effects of individual tree species on below-ground biogeochemical processes, we used both field and laboratory studies to examine how carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles vary under nine different canopy tree species - including three legume and six non-legume species - that vary in foliar nutrient concentrations in a wet tropical forest in southwestern Costa Rica. We found significant differences in belowground C, N and P cycling under different canopy tree species: total C, N and P pools in standing litter varied by species, as did total soil and microbial C and N pools. Rates of soil extracellular acid phosphatase activity also varied significantly among species and functional groups, with higher rates of phosphatase activity under legumes. In addition, across all tree species, phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with litter N/P ratios, suggesting a tight coupling between relative N and P inputs and resource allocation to P acquisition. Overall, our results suggest the importance of aboveground plant community composition in promoting belowground biogeochemical heterogeneity at relatively small spatial scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keller, Adrienne B.; Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, CHCB 423B, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM adrienne.keller@gmail.com; screed@usgs.gov; alan.townsend@colorado.edu; cory.cleveland@umontana.edu FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank Osa Conservation, F. Campos Rivera, the Organizacion para Estudios Tropicales (OET) and the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia (MINAE) for access to field sites, assistance with research permits and logistical support in Costa Rica. We are grateful for field and laboratory assistance from Reinaldo Aguilar, Jay Aylward, Sarah Castle, Walkom Combronero-Castro, Tell Dietzler, Patrick Funk, Jonathan Leff, Megan Keville, Phillip Taylor, Samantha Weintraub, and William Wieder. Grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation supported this research. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 106 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.041 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 120GH UT WOS:000317158300008 ER PT J AU Brooks, GL Sanders, FJ Gerard, PD Jodice, PGR AF Brooks, Gillian L. Sanders, Felicia J. Gerard, Patrick D. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Daily Survival Rate for Nests and Chicks of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) at Natural Nest Sites in South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE chick survival; Least Tern; nest predation; nest success; South Carolina; Sternula antillarum ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HATCHING SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; BLACK SKIMMERS; COMMON TERNS; WADDEN SEA; SELECTION; HABITAT; PREDATION; VIRGINIA AB Although a species of conservation concern, little is known about the reproductive success of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) throughout the southeastern USA where availability of natural beaches for nesting is limited. Daily survival rate (DSR) of nests and chicks was examined at four natural nesting sites in Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, 2009-2010. Measures of nest success (n = 257 nests) ranged from 0-93% among colony sites. The DSR of nests was primarily related to colony site, but year and estimates of predation risk also were related to DSR. Predation was the principal cause of identifiable nest loss, accounting for 47% of nest failures when the two years of data were pooled. The probability (+/- SE) of a chick surviving from hatching to fledging = 0.449 +/- 0.01 (n = 92 chicks). DSR of chicks was negatively related to tide height and rainfall. Therefore, productivity of Least Terns is being lost during both the nesting and chick stage through a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that may prove difficult to fully mitigate or manage. Although natural nesting sites within Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge intermittently produce successful nests, the consistency of productivity over the long term is still unknown. Given that the long term availability of anthropogenic nest sites (e.g., rooftops, dredge-spoil islands) for Least Terns is questionable, further research is required both locally and throughout the region to assess the extent to which natural sites act as population sources or sinks. Received 24 April 2012, accepted 11 October 2012. C1 [Brooks, Gillian L.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Brooks, Gillian L.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University; U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Spinks, S. Dawsey, C. Wakefield, L. Eggert, M. Martin, L. Brooks, J. Tavano, and L. Barnhill as well as numerous interns and volunteers for support and assistance in the field. This research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University, and the U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Logistical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The manuscript benefitted from comments by R. Powell, J. Stucker, and anonymous reviewers. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab (Permit # 22408) and The Clemson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol # 2009-018). The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any mention of commercial products is for information purposes only and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500001 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Andersen, DE Raedeke, AH Humburg, DD AF Reiter, Matthew E. Andersen, David E. Raedeke, Andrew H. Humburg, Dale D. TI Species Associations and Habitat Influence the Range-Wide Distribution of Breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; Branta canadensis interior; breeding habitat; Canada Geese; Chen caerulescens caerulescens; Lesser Snow Geese; species interactions ID EASTERN PRAIRIE POPULATION; NEST SURVIVAL; CACKLING GEESE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSEQUENCES; COLONY AB Inter- and intra-specific interactions are potentially important factors influencing the distribution of populations. Aerial survey data, collected during range-wide breeding population surveys for Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior), 1987-2008, were evaluated to assess factors influencing their nesting distribution. Specifically, associations between nesting Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and EPP Canada Geese were quantified; and changes in the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese were identified. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models of EPP Canada Goose nest counts were evaluated within a cross-validation framework. The total count of EPP Canada Goose nests varied moderately among years between 1987 and 2008 with no long-term trend; however, the total count of nesting Lesser Snow Geese generally increased. Three models containing factors related to previous EPP Canada Goose nest density (representing recruitment), distance to Hudson Bay (representing brood-habitat), nesting habitat type, and Lesser Snow Goose nest density (inter-specific associations) were the most accurate, improving prediction accuracy by 45% when compared to intercept-only models. EPP Canada Goose nest density varied by habitat type, was negatively associated with distance to coastal brood-rearing areas, and suggested density-dependent intra-specific effects on recruitment. However, a non-linear relationship between Lesser Snow and EPP Canada Goose nest density suggests that as nesting Lesser Snow Geese increase, EPP Canada Geese locally decline and subsequently the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese on western Hudson Bay has changed. Received 8 May 2012, accepted 5 September 2012 C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, TomKat Field Stn, POB 747, Pescadero, CA 94060 USA. EM mreiter@prbo.org NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500003 ER PT J AU Obernuefemann, KP Collazo, JA Lyons, JE AF Obernuefemann, Kelsey P. Collazo, Jaime A. Lyons, James E. TI Local Movements and Wetland Connectivity at a Migratory Stopover of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the Southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Calidris pusilla; coastal wetlands; migration; movement probability; multi-state models; residency probability; Semipalmated Sandpiper; South Carolina; wetland connectivity ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; AGRICULTURAL VALLEY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SPRING MIGRATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FOOD ABUNDANCE; PREY ABUNDANCE; SITE FIDELITY; FAT-CONTENT AB Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) use coastal wetlands in the southeastern United States during spring migration, some engaging in short-distance movements and brief refueling stops. Knowledge about the scale and factors that influence these movements could guide conservation planning, but often this information is not available. The influence of inter-wetland distance, prey biomass, amount of foraging habitat at depths of 0-4 cm, and density of migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers on their movement and stopover residency was investigated at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in South Carolina in spring 2007. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center contains three clusters of coastal wetlands separated by 2.6, 2.8 and 4.1 km. Probability of moving among wetland clusters and stopover residency were estimated using multi-state mark-recapture models and encounter histories from 502 marked Semipalmated Sandpipers. Sixty-four percent of Semipalmated Sandpipers remained within 2 km of site-of-capture for the duration of the study. Movement probabilities were negatively influenced by inter-cluster distance and Semipalmated Sandpiper density. Probability of moving between clusters 2.6-2.8 km apart was higher than clusters separated by 4.1 km. Semipalmated Sandpipers were more likely to depart the study area and resume migration after feeding in wetland clusters with abundant prey and accessible habitat. The interaction between prey and accessible habitat led to instances where Semipalmated Sandpipers were more likely to remain in wetlands with low prey levels, but high accessible habitat, or low accessible habitat, but high prey levels. Local movements among alternative foraging locations were facilitated when wetlands were < 2.8 km apart, highlighting the benefits of integrated management at small scales. Received 29 July 2011, accepted 4 December 2012. C1 [Obernuefemann, Kelsey P.; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Obernuefemann, Kelsey P.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jaime_Collazo@ncsu.edu FU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [06-039-0] FX We thank the Tom Yawkey Foundation for providing us with access to the study area, housing and logistic support. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for supporting this research. Special thanks go to Bob Joyner and Jamie Dozier for their support. We would also like to thank Francisco Collazo, Meredith Goss, Susan Haseltine, Charlotte Melson, Jeff Obernuefemann, Kerry Piper, Kim Piper, Sandy Sauer, and Maggie Taras for their assistance in the field. Thanks also go to Adam Watts for providing the aerial imagery to finalize the bathymetry maps. We are grateful to Steve Williams for assistance with ArcMap, and to James Nichols, William Kendall, James Hines, Gordon Brown and Kenneth Pollock for their statistical advice. We also thank Jeffrey Walters, Susan D. Skagen and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit number 06-039-0. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 36 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500007 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Gardner, B AF McGowan, Conor P. Gardner, Beth TI Evaluating Methodological Assumptions of Catch-Curve Survival Estimation for Unmarked Precocial Shorebird Chicks SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; daily survival estimates; fecundity; Piping Plovers; precocial shorebirds; simulation study; validating assumptions ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LOCAL-POPULATION; PIPING PLOVERS AB Estimating productivity for precocial species can be difficult because young birds leave their nest within hours or days of hatching and detectability thereafter can be very low. Recently, a method for using a modified catch-urve to estimate precocial chick daily survival for age based count data was presented using Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) data from the Missouri River. However, many of the assumptions of the catch-curve approach were not fully evaluated for precocial chicks. We developed a simulation model to mimic Piping Plovers, a fairly representative shorebird, and age-based count-data collection. Using the simulated data, we calculated daily survival estimates and compared them with the known daily survival rates from the simulation model. We conducted these comparisons under different sampling scenarios where the ecological and statistical assumptions had been violated. Overall, the daily survival estimates calculated from the simulated data corresponded well with true survival rates of the simulation. Violating the accurate aging and the independence assumptions did not result in biased daily survival estimates, whereas unequal detection for younger or older birds and violating the birth death equilibrium did result in estimator bias. Assuring that all ages are equally detectable and timing data collection to approximately meet the birth death equilibrium are key to the successful use of this method for precocial shorebirds. Received 5 June 2012, accepted 24 September 2012. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmgowan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; North Carolina State University FX The work was not supported by a specific grant but was executed as part of our ongoing job responsibilities. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey and North Carolina State University for supporting this research. We thank J. Martin and two anonymous reviewers for enhancing this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500009 ER PT J AU Sobron, P Alpers, CN AF Sobron, Pablo Alpers, Charles N. TI Raman Spectroscopy of Efflorescent Sulfate Salts from Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site, California SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage; Efflorescent sulfate minerals; Mars analogue; Iron Mountain; Laser Raman spectroscopy ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; NEGATIVE PH; JAROSITE; WATER; MARS; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRUM; DRAINAGE; SPAIN AB The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site near Redding, California, is a massive sulfide ore deposit that was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite intermittently for nearly 100 years. As a result, both water and air reached the sulfide deposits deep within the mountain, producing acid mine drainage consisting of sulfuric acid and heavy metals from the ore. Particularly, the drainage water from the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain is among the most acidic waters naturally found on Earth. The mineralogy at Iron Mountain can serve as a proxy for understanding sulfate formation on Mars. Selected sulfate efflorescent salts from Iron Mountain, formed from extremely acidic waters via drainage from sulfide mining, have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy. Gypsum, ferricopiapite, copiapite, melanterite, coquimbite, and voltaite are found within the samples. This work has implications for Mars mineralogical and geochemical investigations as well as for terrestrial environmental investigations related to acid mine drainage contamination. C1 [Sobron, Pablo] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Sobron, P (reprint author), Canadian Space Agcy, 6767 Rte Aeroport, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. EM pablo.sobron@asc-csa.gc.ca OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research in Astrobiology FX This work was partially funded by a research grant from The Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research in Astrobiology. S.K. Sharma, A. Misra, and L. Bonal are acknowledged for their assistance with the Raman analysis at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The samples from Iron Mountain were obtained through cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 35 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1089/ast.2012.0908 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 116CV UT WOS:000316861100004 PM 23464669 ER PT J AU Kohler, AE Kusnierz, PC Copeland, T Venditti, DA Denny, L Gable, J Lewis, BA Kinzer, R Barnett, B Wipfli, MS AF Kohler, Andre E. Kusnierz, Paul C. Copeland, Timothy Venditti, David A. Denny, Lytle Gable, Josh Lewis, Bert A. Kinzer, Ryan Barnett, Bruce Wipfli, Mark S. TI Salmon-mediated nutrient flux in selected streams of the Columbia River basin, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; ANADROMOUS SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DWELLING SALMONIDS; ESCAPEMENT GOALS; IDAHO STREAMS AB Salmon provide an important resource subsidy and linkage between marine and land-based ecosystems. This flow of energy and nutrients is not unidirectional (i.e., upstream only); in addition to passive nutrient export via stream flow, juvenile emigrants actively export nutrients from freshwater environments. In some cases, nutrient export can exceed import. We evaluated nutrient fluxes in streams across central Idaho, USA, using Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) adult escapement and juvenile production data from 1998 to 2008. We found in the majority of stream-years evaluated, adults imported more nutrients than progeny exported; however, in 3% of the years, juveniles exported more nutrients than their parents imported. On average, juvenile emigrants exported 22%+/- 3% of the nitrogen and 30%+/- 4% of the phosphorus their parents imported. This relationship was density-dependent and nonlinear; during periods of low adult abundance, juveniles were larger and exported up to 194% and 268% of parental nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, respectively. We highlight minimum escapement thresholds that appear to (i) maintain consistently positive net nutrient flux and (ii) reduce the average proportional rate of export across study streams. Our results suggest a state shift occurs when adult spawner abundance falls below a threshold to a point where the probability of juvenile nutrient exports exceeding adult imports becomes increasingly likely. C1 [Kohler, Andre E.; Kusnierz, Paul C.; Denny, Lytle; Gable, Josh] Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. [Copeland, Timothy; Venditti, David A.; Barnett, Bruce] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. [Lewis, Bert A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Kinzer, Ryan] Nez Perce Tribe, Dept Fisheries Resources Management, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kohler, AE (reprint author), Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. EM akohler@sbtribes.com FU Bonneville Power Administration [2008-904-00, 1989-098-00, 1990-055-00] FX We thank the agencies and staff involved in the Idaho Supplementation Studies for their contributions toward data collections that made this analysis possible. We greatly appreciate the discussions, reviews, and comments of Bruce McCune, Gregg Servheen, Colden Baxter, Amy Marcarelli, William Youmans, Greg Mladenka, and two anonymous reviewers. Partial funding for this work was provided by Bonneville Power Administration through project numbers 2008-904-00, 1989-098-00, and 1990-055-00. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0347 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200013 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE Stantzos, NW Bridges, NT Bourke, MC Silvestro, S Fenton, LK AF Geissler, Paul E. Stantzos, Nicholas W. Bridges, Nathan T. Bourke, Mary C. Silvestro, Simone Fenton, Lori K. TI Shifting sands on Mars: insights from tropical intra-crater dunes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Mars; dunes; saltation AB Evidence for sand motion is found in repeated observations of sand dunes at three sites in the Martian tropics by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. An eroding outcrop of layered sediments is identified as a possible source of the sand in Pasteur crater. Ancient layered sediments in Becquerel crater are actively being carved into flutes and yardangs by the blowing sands. Dunes in an un-named crater in Meridiani near the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landing site advanced as much as 50cm over an interval of one Martian year. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Geissler, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stantzos, Nicholas W.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Bourke, Mary C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Silvestro, Simone; Fenton, Lori K.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Fenton, Lori K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; FU NASA Mars Data Analysis program [NNH09ZDA001N] FX The efforts of the science and operations teams of both MER and HiRISE in acquiring these data are gratefully acknowledged. Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9 were prepared with JMARS software from Arizona State University. Thoughtful comments from Robert Sullivan and another reviewer helped improve the scholarship of this article. S. Silvestro is supported by a grant from the NASA Mars Data Analysis program (NNH09ZDA001N). NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1002/esp.3331 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 112DZ UT WOS:000316573700007 ER PT J AU Lee, H Reusser, DA Frazier, M AF Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. Frazier, Melanie TI Approaches to setting organism-based ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water; discharge standards; IMO treaty; invasive species; per capita invasion probability; PVA models ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES INVASIONS; MARINE INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SHIPS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT AB As a vector by which foreign species invade coastal and freshwater waterbodies, ballast water discharge from ships is recognized as a major environmental threat. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) drafted an international treaty establishing ballast water discharge standards based on the number of viable organisms per volume of ballast discharge for different organism size classes. Concerns that the IMO standards are not sufficiently protective have initiated several state and national efforts in the United States to develop more stringent standards. We evaluated seven approaches to establishing discharge standards for the >50-mu m size class: (1) expert opinion/management consensus, (2) zero detectable living organisms, (3) natural invasion rates, (4) reaction-diffusion models, (5) population viability analysis (PVA) models, (6) per capita invasion probabilities (PCIP), and (7) experimental studies. Because of the difficulty in synthesizing scientific knowledge in an unbiased and transparent fashion, we recommend the use of quantitative models instead of expert opinion. The actual organism concentration associated with a "zero detectable organisms" standard is defined by the statistical rigor of its monitoring program; thus it is not clear whether such a standard is as stringent as other standards. For several reasons, the natural invasion rate, reaction-diffusion, and experimental approaches are not considered suitable for generating discharge standards. PVA models can be used to predict the likelihood of establishment of introduced species but are limited by a lack of population vital rates for species characteristic of ballast water discharges. Until such rates become available, PVA models are better suited to evaluate relative efficiency of proposed standards rather than predicting probabilities of invasion. The PCIP approach, which is based on historical invasion rates at a regional scale, appears to circumvent many of the indicated problems, although it may underestimate invasions by asexual and parthenogenic species. Further research is needed to better define propagule dose-responses, densities at which Allee effects occur, approaches to predicting the likelihood of invasion from multi-species introductions, and generation of formal comparisons of approaches using standardized scenarios. C1 [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov FU AMI/GEOSS IAG from the U.S. EPA [DW-14-92231501-0]; AMI/GEOSS [EP08D00051]; EPA NHEERL FX We thank the following for their contributions: Richard Everett, John Lishman, and Ryan Albert provided guidance on the national and international regulations; Cheryl Brown provided advice on mathematical issues; Richard Everett, John Lishman, Ryan Albert, John Van Sickle, Nathan H. Schumaker, Scott Smith, Jody Stecher, Katharine Marko, and Robert Ozretich reviewed earlier versions; and Whitman Miller and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on the manuscript. Deborah Reusser was partially funded through AMI/GEOSS IAG #DW-14-92231501-0 from the U.S. EPA. Melanie Frazier was funded through AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and an EPA NHEERL post-doc. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U. S. Geological Survey policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800003 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H Frazier, M Ruiz, GM Fofonoff, PW Minton, MS Miller, AW AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II Frazier, Melanie Ruiz, Gregory M. Fofonoff, Paul W. Minton, Mark S. Miller, A. Whitman TI Per capita invasion probabilities: an empirical model to predict rates of invasion via ballast water SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic invaders; ballast water discharge; IMO standards; invasion probabilities; propagule pressure ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; MARINE COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; ESTUARINE; ECOLOGY; PATTERN; SHIPS; RISK; SEA AB Ballast water discharges are a major source of species introductions into marine and estuarine ecosystems. To mitigate the introduction of new invaders into these ecosystems, many agencies are proposing standards that establish upper concentration limits for organisms in ballast discharge. Ideally, ballast discharge standards will be biologically defensible and adequately protective of the marine environment. We propose a new technique, the per capita invasion probability (PCIP), for managers to quantitatively evaluate the relative risk of different concentration-based ballast water discharge standards. PCIP represents the likelihood that a single discharged organism will become established as a new nonindigenous species. This value is calculated by dividing the total number of ballast water invaders per year by the total number of organisms discharged from ballast. Analysis was done at the coast-wide scale for the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Great Lakes, to reduce uncertainty due to secondary invasions between estuaries on a single coast. The PCIP metric is then used to predict the rate of new ballast-associated invasions given various regulatory scenarios. Depending upon the assumptions used in the risk analysis, this approach predicts that approximately one new species will invade every 10-100 years with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of >10 organisms with body size >50 mu m per m 3 of ballast. This approach resolves many of the limitations associated with other methods of establishing ecologically sound discharge standards, and it allows policy makers to use risk-based methodologies to establish biologically defensible discharge standards. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruiz, Gregory M.; Fofonoff, Paul W.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Minton, Mark/0000-0002-9439-4930; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU Department of Defense Legacy Program; National Sea Grant Program; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051] FX The collection and compilation of the invasion data were supported by past funding: Department of Defense Legacy Program, National Sea Grant Program, and the Smithsonian Institution. Melanie R. Frazier's contributions were partially funded by a U.S. EPA post-doc (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051). Sampling data were also provided by Stephan Gollasch to assist in identifying the range of organism concentrations found in sampled ballast water. This publication was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division of the EPA, and the Western Fisheries Research Center of USGS, and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800005 PM 23634584 ER PT J AU Frazier, M Miller, AW Lee, H Reusser, DA AF Frazier, Melanie Miller, A. Whitman Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. TI Counting at low concentrations: the statistical challenges of verifying ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water discharge; Clean Water Act; IMO; invasive species; NIS; performance standards; Poisson distribution ID INTRODUCTIONS AB Discharge from the ballast tanks of ships is one of the primary vectors of nonindigenous species in marine environments. To mitigate this environmental and economic threat, international, national, and state entities are establishing regulations to limit the concentration of living organisms that may be discharged from the ballast tanks of ships. The proposed discharge standards have ranged from zero detectable organisms to <10 organisms/m(3). If standard sampling methods are used, verifying whether ballast discharge complies with these stringent standards will be challenging due to the inherent stochasticity of sampling. Furthermore, at low concentrations, very large volumes of water must be sampled to find enough organisms to accurately estimate concentration. Despite these challenges, adequate sampling protocols comprise a critical aspect of establishing standards because they help define the actual risk level associated with a standard. A standard that appears very stringent may be effectively lax if it is paired with an inadequate sampling protocol. We describe some of the statistical issues associated with sampling at low concentrations to help regulators understand the uncertainties of sampling as well as to inform the development of sampling protocols that ensure discharge standards are adequately implemented. C1 [Frazier, Melanie; Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Frazier, M (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM frazier.melanie@epa.gov OI Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051]; U.S. EPA (NHEERL) FX Funding was from U.S. EPA post-docs to M. Frazier (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and NHEERL). We thank Karen Blocksom, Valerie Partridge, John Van Sickle, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and discussion that helped shape this paper. We also thank Ryan Albert, Richard Everett, John Lishman, Robert J. Ozretich, Gregory Ruiz, and Jody Stecher for their valuable comments, error discovery, and general editing. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800007 PM 23634586 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Lowe, WH Honeycutt, RK Parks, SA Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Lowe, Winsor H. Honeycutt, R. Ken Parks, Sean A. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Interactive effects of wildfire, forest management, and isolation on amphibian and parasite abundance SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian decline; burn severity; disturbance; fragmentation; global climate change; isolation; nematode; protected areas; Rana luteiventris; synergistic effects; transmission ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; PINE FORESTS; SHORT-TERM; LAND-USE; POPULATION; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB Projected increases in wildfire and other climate-driven disturbances will affect populations and communities worldwide, including host-parasite relationships. Research in temperate forests has shown that wildfire can negatively affect amphibians, but this research has occurred primarily outside of managed landscapes where interactions with human disturbances could result in additive or synergistic effects. Furthermore, parasites represent a large component of biodiversity and can affect host fitness and population dynamics, yet they are rarely included in studies of how vertebrate hosts respond to disturbance. To determine how wildfire affects amphibians and their parasites, and whether effects differ between protected and managed landscapes, we compared abundance of two amphibians and two nematodes relative to wildfire extent and severity around wetlands in neighboring protected and managed forests (Montana, USA). Population sizes of adult, male long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) decreased with increased burn severity, with stronger negative effects on isolated populations and in managed forests. In contrast, breeding population sizes of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) increased with burn extent in both protected and managed protected forests. Path analysis showed that the effects of wildfire on the two species of nematodes were consistent with differences in their life history and transmission strategies and the responses of their hosts. Burn severity indirectly reduced abundance of soil-transmitted Cosmocercoides variabilis through reductions in salamander abundance. Burn severity also directly reduced C. variabilis abundance, possibly though changes in soil conditions. For the aquatically transmitted nematode Gyrinicola batrachiensis, the positive effect of burn extent on density of Columbia spotted frog larvae indirectly increased parasite abundance. Our results show that effects of wildfire on amphibians depend upon burn extent and severity, isolation, and prior land use. Through subsequent effects on the parasites, our results also reveal how changes in disturbance regimes can affect communities across trophic levels. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Honeycutt, R. Ken] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank N. Muhn and P. Scarr for their dedicated field efforts. We also thank J. Bettaso for help with necropsies, J. M. Kinsella for identifying nematodes, L. Swartz for her careful work in the lab, and R. Scherer for advice on capture-recapture modeling. Reviews by P. Johnson, P. Trenham, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research was performed under the University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit no. 063-09WLDBS-010510. Funding was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This manuscript is ARMI contribution no. 414. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 479 EP 492 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800017 PM 23634596 ER PT J AU Silver, EJ D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Palik, BJ Bradford, JB AF Silver, Emily J. D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. Bradford, John B. TI Structure and development of old-growth, unmanaged second-growth, and extended rotation Pinus resinosa forests in Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Extended rotation forestry; Forest structure; Old growth; Pinus resinosa; Tree size distributions ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; TREE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; WESTERN OREGON; DEAD WOOD; STAND STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS AB The structure and developmental dynamics of old-growth forests often serve as important baselines for restoration prescriptions aimed at promoting more complex structural conditions in managed forest landscapes. Nonetheless, long-term information on natural patterns of development is rare for many commercially important and ecologically widespread forest types. Moreover, the effectiveness of approaches recommended for restoring old-growth structural conditions to managed forests, such as the application of extended rotation forestry, has been little studied. This study uses several long-term datasets from old growth, extended rotation, and unmanaged second growth Pinus resinosa (red pine) forests in northern Minnesota, USA, to quantify the range of variation in structural conditions for this forest type and to evaluate the effectiveness of extended rotation forestry at promoting the development of late-successional structural conditions. Long-term tree population data from permanent plots for one of the old-growth stands and the extended rotation stands (87 and 61 years, respectively) also allowed for an examination of the long-term structural dynamics of these systems. Old-growth forests were more structurally complex than unmanaged second-growth and extended rotation red pine stands, due in large part to the significantly higher volumes of coarse woody debris (70.7 vs. 11.5 and 4.7 m(3)/ha, respectively) and higher snag basal area (6.9 vs. 2.9 and 0.5 m(2)/ha, respectively). In addition, old-growth forests, although red pine-dominated, contained a greater abundance of other species, including Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, and Picea glauca relative to the other stand types examined. These differences between stand types largely reflect historic gap-scale disturbances within the old-growth systems and their corresponding structural and compositional legacies. Nonetheless, extended rotation thinning treatments, by accelerating advancement to larger tree diameter classes, generated diameter distributions more closely approximating those found in old growth within a shorter time frame than depicted in long-term examinations of old-growth structural development. These results suggest that extended rotation treatments may accelerate the development of old-growth structural characteristics, provided that coarse woody debris and snags are deliberately retained and created on site. These and other developmental characteristics of old-growth systems can inform forest management when objectives include the restoration of structural conditions found in late-successional forests. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Silver, Emily J.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Silver, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM silve314@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu; sfraver@fs.fed.us; bpalik@fs.fed.us; jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU (US) National Fire Plan; US Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship FX We would like to thank R. Blanchette, M. Fulton, C. Gronewold, and R. Marty for assistance with various aspects of the study, and we thank T. Aakala, A. Berger, M. Curzon, J. Foster, A. Huff, A. Milo, and L. Reuling for assistance in the field and D. Kastendick, J. Kragethorpe, S. Mann, and K. Budrow for the chronosequence data collection. This study would not have been possible without the foresight of John H. Allison, P. Zehngraff, Z. Zasada, R. Buckman, J. Benzie, J. Zasada, R. Barse, and J. Elioff. Support was provided by the (US) National Fire Plan, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, and a University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship (to E.S.). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500011 ER PT J AU Polo, JA Hallgren, SW Leslie, DM AF Polo, John A. Hallgren, Stephen W. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Effect of long-term understory prescribed burning on standing and down dead woody material in dry upland oak forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Fine woody debris; Snags; Quercus stellata; Quercus marilandica ID CARBON STOCKS; UNITED-STATES; OLD-GROWTH; HARDWOOD FORESTS; FIRE BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN OHIO; CROSS TIMBERS; OKLAHOMA; DEBRIS; DYNAMICS AB Dead woody material, long ignored or viewed as a nuisance for forest management, has gained appreciation for its many roles in the forest including wildlife habitat, nutrient storage and cycling, energy for trophic webs, protection of soil, fuel for fire and carbon storage. The growing interest in managing dead woody material has created strong demand for greater understanding of factors controlling amounts and turnover. Prescribed burning, an important management tool, may have strong effects of dead woody material given fire's capacity to create and consume dead woody material. We determined effects of long-term understory prescribed burning on standing and down woody material in upland oak forests in south-central North America. We hypothesized that as frequency of fire increased in these stands the amount of deadwood would decrease and the fine woody material would decrease more rapidly than coarse woody material. The study was conducted in forests dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) in wildlife management areas where understory prescribed burning had been practiced for over 20 years and the range of burn frequencies was 0 (unburned) fires per decade (FPD) to 4.6 FPD. The amount of deadwood was low compared with more productive forests in southeastern North America. The biomass (24.7 Mg ha(-1)) and carbon stocks (11.7 Mg ha(-1)) were distributed among standing dead (22%), coarse woody debris (CWD, dia. >7.5 cm., 12%), fine woody debris (FWD, dia. <= 7.5 cm., 23%), and forest floor (43%). There was no evidence that understory prescribed burning influenced the amount and size distribution of standing and down dead woody material. There were two explanations for the lack of a detectable effect. First, a high incidence of severe weather including ice storms and strong winds that produce large amounts of deadwood intermittently in an irregular pattern across the landscape may preclude detecting a strong effect of understory prescribed burning. Second, fire suppression during the first one-half of the 20th Century may have led to encroachment of woody plants into forest gaps and savannas creating a patchwork of young and old stands that produced deadwood of different sizes and at different rates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polo, John A.; Hallgren, Stephen W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hallgren, SW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM steve.hallgren@okstate.edu RI Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 FU Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-160-R]; Oklahoma State University FX Elizabeth Nguyen and Rodolfo Mota made it possible to finish the field work in a timely fashion. This project was funded by the Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-160-R of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University. The project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.048 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500013 ER PT J AU Klockow, PA D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB AF Klockow, Paul A. D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. TI Impacts of post-harvest slash and live-tree retention on biomass and nutrient stocks in Populus tremuloides Michx.-dominated forests, northern Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fine woody debris; Biomass harvesting; Populus tremuloides; Green-tree retention; Nutrient stocks; Coarse woody debris ID WHOLE-TREE; VARIABLE-RETENTION; LOGGING RESIDUE; WOODY DEBRIS; SOIL CARBON; CLEAR-CUTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VARYING LEVELS; SPRUCE STANDS; UNITED-STATES AB Globally, there is widespread interest in using forest-derived biomass as a source of bioenergy. While conventional timber harvesting generally removes only merchantable tree boles, harvesting biomass feedstock can remove all forms of woody biomass (i.e., live and dead standing woody vegetation, downed woody debris, and stumps) resulting in a greater loss of biomass and nutrients as well as more severe habitat alteration. To investigate the potential impacts of this practice, this study examined the initial impacts (pre- and post-harvest) of various levels of slash and live-tree retention on biomass and nutrient stocks, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P), in Populus tremuloides Michx.-dominated forests of northern Minnesota, USA. Treatments examined included three levels of slash retention, whole-tree harvest (WTH), 20% slash retention (20SR), and stem-only harvest (SOH), factored with three levels of green-tree retention, no trees retained (NONE), dispersed retention (DISP), and aggregate retention (AGR). Slash retention was the primary factor affecting post-harvest biomass and nutrient stocks, including woody debris pools. Compared to the unharvested control, stocks of biomass, carbon, and nutrients, including N, Ca, K, and P, in woody debris were higher in all treatments. Stem-only harvests typically contained greater biomass and nutrient stocks than WTH, although biomass and nutrients within 20SR, a level recommended by biomass harvesting guidelines in the US and worldwide, generally did not differ from WTH or SOH. Biomass in smaller-diameter slash material (typically 2.5-22.5 cm in diameter) dominated the woody debris pool following harvest regardless of slash retention level. Trends among treatments in this diameter range were generally similar to those in the total woody debris pool. Specifically, SOH contained significantly greater amounts of biomass than WTH while 20SR was not different from either WTH or SOH. Within P. tremuloides systems, we observed high stocks of smaller diameter slash material for all prescribed slash retention treatments. Most notably, WTH retains much more material than anticipated, up to 50% of available slash. These results reflect the high levels of breakage during winter harvest operations in these stands and, consequently, warrant consideration when anticipating the impacts of biomass harvesting on woody debris pools. Further investigation is necessary to understand how deliberate slash retention levels and season-of-harvest impact woody debris in other forest systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klockow, Paul A.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Klockow, PA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave North, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM klock039@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council FX We would like to thank Josh Kragthorpe for his help coordinating field activities. We appreciate the help of John Thompson in locating and marking site boundaries and retention trees. Also, we thank Shawn Fraver and Rob Slesak for providing statistical advice. Finally, we are grateful to the Minnesota Forest Resources Council for providing monetary support for this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500029 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Hart, KM AF Hunter, Margaret E. Hart, Kristen M. TI Rapid Microsatellite Marker Development Using Next Generation Pyrosequencing to Inform Invasive Burmese Python-Python molurus bivittatus-Management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE invasive species; exotic species; next generation sequencing; microsatellite marker; Everglades National Park; Roche 454; cross-species amplification ID DISCOVERY; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS; THOUSANDS; SEQUENCE; PRIMERS; PROGRAM; LOCI AB Invasive species represent an increasing threat to native ecosystems, harming indigenous taxa through predation, habitat modification, cross-species hybridization and alteration of ecosystem processes. Additionally, high economic costs are associated with environmental damage, restoration and control measures. The Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus, is one of the most notable invasive species in the US, due to the threat it poses to imperiled species and the Greater Everglades ecosystem. To address population structure and relatedness, next generation sequencing was used to rapidly produce species-specific microsatellite loci. The Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium platform provided 6616 di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats in 117,516 sequences. Using stringent criteria, 24 of 26 selected tri- and tetra-nucleotide loci were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and 18 were polymorphic. An additional six cross-species loci were amplified, and the resulting 24 loci were incorporated into eight PCR multiplexes. Multi-locus genotypes yielded an average of 61% (39%-77%) heterozygosity and 3.7 (2-6) alleles per locus. Population-level studies using the developed microsatellites will track the invasion front and monitor population-suppression dynamics. Additionally, cross-species amplification was detected in the invasive Ball, P. regius, and Northern African python, P. sebae. These markers can be used to address the hybridization potential of Burmese pythons and the larger, more aggressive P. sebae. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov; kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Studies program FX The authors are grateful to Barbie Freeman and Timothy Collins for providing assistance, data and Morelia spilota primers. We would like to thank Skip Snow (National Park Service) for sample collection and P.m. bivittatus expertise. Additionally, we would like to express gratitude to Jonathan Saunders (USGS) and John Butterfield (USGS) for assistance with laboratory analyses and primer development. The authors would also like to thank Kenneth Krysko (University of Florida) and the Florida Museum of Natural History for the P. sebae samples and Rob Robins (University of Florida) and Mary Brown (USGS) for the P. regius samples. Funding was provided by the National Park Service and the USGS Priority Ecosystem Studies program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 62 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 3 BP 4793 EP 4804 DI 10.3390/ijms14034793 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 112RH UT WOS:000316609800026 PM 23449030 ER PT J AU Chulick, GS Detweiler, S Mooney, WD AF Chulick, Gary S. Detweiler, Shane Mooney, Walter D. TI Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of South America and surrounding oceanic basins SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Crustal structure; Seismic velocity; South America ID SURFACE-WAVE DISPERSION; RECEIVER FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; S-VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PAMPEAN FLAT-SLAB; CENTRAL ANDES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CENTRAL BRAZIL; CENTRAL PERU; NAZCA PLATE; BENEATH AB We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of South America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include new data, helping to constrain crustal thickness, whole-crustal average P-wave and S-wave velocity, and the seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle (P-n and S-n). We find that: (1) The weighted average thickness of the crust under South America is 38.17 km (standard deviation, s.d. +/- 8.7 km), which is similar to 1 km thinner than the global average of 39.2 km (s.d. +/- 8.5 km) for continental crust. (2) Histograms of whole-crustal P-wave velocities for the South American crust are bi-modal, with the lower peak occurring for crust that appears to be missing a high-velocity (6.9-7.3 km/s) lower crustal layer. (3) The average P-wave velocity of the crystalline crust (P-cc) is 6.47 km/s (s.d. +/- 0.25 km/s). This is essentially identical to the global average of 6.45 km/s. (4) The average P-n velocity beneath South America is 8.00 km/s (s.d. +/- 0.23 km/s), slightly lower than the global average of 8.07 km/s. (5) A region across northern Chile and northeast Argentina has anomalously low P- and S-wave velocities in the crust. Geographically, this corresponds to the shallowly-subducted portion of the Nazca plate (the Pampean flat slab first described by Isacks et al., 1968), which is also a region of crustal extension. (6) The thick crust of the Brazilian craton appears to extend into Venezuela and Colombia. (7) The crust in the Amazon basin and along the western edge of the Brazilian craton may be thinned by extension. (8) The average crustal P-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than under the western Atlantic seafloor, most likely due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chulick, Gary S.] Mt Aloysius Coll, Cresson, PA 16630 USA. [Detweiler, Shane; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Detweiler, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shane@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS FX Support for this study by the National Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS is gratefully acknowledged. Reviews by Mark Goldman, Christian Guillemot, Pat McCrory, Jesse Kass, Leah Campbell, and two anonymous reviewers from the journal were extremely insightful and useful. Additional thanks are due to Neil Fenning and Alex Ferguson for help with data compilation and figure editing. NR 94 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 BP 260 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.06.002 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101GL UT WOS:000315763100022 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Hooten, Mevin B. TI Circuit Theory and Model-Based Inference for Landscape Connectivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Conditional autoregressive models; Gene flow; Landscape genetics; Nonstationary spatial covariance ID MARKOV RANDOM-FIELDS; GENE FLOW; RESISTANCE-DISTANCE; POPULATION-GENETICS; GRAPH; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; SELECTION; MOVEMENT AB Circuit theory has seen extensive recent use in the field of ecology, where it is often applied to study functional connectivity. The landscape is typically represented by a network of nodes and resistors, with the resistance between nodes a function of landscape characteristics. The effective distance between two locations on a landscape is represented by the resistance distance between the nodes in the network. Circuit theory has been applied to many other scientific fields for exploratory analyses, but parametric models for circuits are not common in the scientific literature. To model circuits explicitly, we demonstrate a link between Gaussian Markov random fields and contemporary circuit theory using a covariance structure that induces the necessary resistance distance. This provides a parametric model for second-order observations from such a system. In the landscape ecology setting, the proposed model provides a simple framework where inference can be obtained for effects that landscape features have on functional connectivity. We illustrate the approach through a landscape genetics study linking gene flow in alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to the underlying landscape. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Assistant Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 108 IS 501 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1080/01621459.2012.724647 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 113EB UT WOS:000316648200003 ER PT J AU Eldridge, SLC Wood, TM Echols, KR Topping, BR AF Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell Wood, Tamara M. Echols, Kathy R. Topping, Brent R. TI Microcystins, nutrient dynamics, and other environmental factors during blooms of non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2009 SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; microcystins; Microcystis aeruginosa; phosphorus; Upper Klamath Lake ID HYPEREUTROPHIC LAKE; WATER-QUALITY; 1ST REPORT; CYANOBACTERIA; SHALLOW; SEDIMENTS; LR; USA; POPULATIONS; PHOSPHORUS AB Seasonal phytoplankton blooms dominated by cyanobacteria in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, produce toxic microcystins at concentrations that may be detrimental to local wildlife. In 2009, water column, sediment trap, and surficial sediment samples were collected to relate the occurrences of microcystins in these samples to other environmental variables. Microcystin concentrations in sediment trap and surficial sediment samples were lower than in water column samples, and sediment trap samples contained higher concentrations than surficial sediment samples, with a peak in one sample (1107g/g) that exceeded the maximum concentration measured in any other water or sediment sample from this area. Concentrations of microcystins and cells of Microcystis aeruginosa increased following the decline of the first bloom dominated by non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to an increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Results of this study also show that nitrogen fixation by A. flos-aquae during spring and early summer provided nitrogen for growth of toxigenic M. aeruginosa and that phosphorus availability may have played a greater role overall in determining the pattern of microcystin occurrence in the lake, given the apparent influence of phosphorus on growth and decline of the A. flos-aquae bloom. This study is the first report of microcystins in sediments of Upper Klamath Lake, the largest lake (by surface area) in Oregon, and contributes to understanding the conditions under which elevated microcystin concentrations occur. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Lake and Reservoir Management for the following free supplemental resources: microscope images of major phytoplankton species, microcystin concentrations in surficial sediment samples from randomly selected sites, loadings of the first 2 principal components from PCA analysis of microcystin and water quality data, and the medians and ranges of measured limnological variables.] C1 [Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell] US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Wood, Tamara M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Echols, Kathy R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Topping, Brent R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eldridge, SLC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2795 Anderson Ave Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM seldridge@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), US Department of Interior; USGS; [05AA204049] FX This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), US Department of Interior, as part of Reclamation's mission to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Funding was provided through Interagency Agreement 05AA204049. The views in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily represent the views of Reclamation. Additional funding was provided by the USGS. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.775199 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 116VC UT WOS:000316910100007 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Meals, KO AF Miranda, L. E. Meals, K. O. TI Water levels shape fishing participation in flood-control reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE catch rate; fishability; fishing effort; flood-control reservoir; water levels ID RECREATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; MODEL AB We examined the relationship between fishing effort (hours fished) and average MarchMay water level in 3 flood control reservoirs in Mississippi. Fishing effort increased as water level rose, peaked at intermediate water levels, and decreased at high water levels. We suggest that the observed arched-shaped relationship is driven by the shifting influence of fishability (adequacy of the fishing circumstances from an angler's perspective) and catch rate along a water level continuum. Fishability reduces fishing effort during low water, despite the potential for higher catch rates. Conversely, reduced catch rates and fishability at high water also curtail effort. Thus, both high and low water levels seem to discourage fishing effort, whereas anglers seem to favor intermediate water levels. Our results have implications for water level management in reservoirs with large water level fluctuations. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Meals, K. O.] Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.775200 PG 5 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 116VC UT WOS:000316910100008 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Lindner, DL Gargas, A Muller, LK Minnis, AM Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Lindner, Daniel L. Gargas, Andrea Muller, Laura K. Minnis, Andrew M. Blehert, David S. TI A culture-based survey of fungi in soil from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States and its implications for detection of Geomyces destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bat; Geomyces; skin infection; white-nose syndrome; wildlife disease ID SP-NOV; PHYLOGENY; PATHOGEN; NUCLEAR; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; ANAMORPHS; SEQUENCES AB The recent emergence of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease causing unprecedented mortality among hibernating bats of eastern North America, has revealed a knowledge gap regarding fungal communities associated with bats and their hibernacula. We used culture-based techniques to investigate the diversity of fungi in soil samples collected from 24 bat hibernacula in the eastern United States. Ribosomal RNA regions (internal transcribed spacer and partial intergenic spacer) were sequenced to preliminarily characterize isolates. Geomyces species were one of the most abundant and diverse groups cultured, representing approximately 33% of all isolates. Geomyces destructans was isolated from soil samples from three hibernacula in states where WNS is known to occur, and many of the other cultured Geomyces isolates likely represent undescribed taxa. Further characterization of the diversity of fungi that occur in hibernacula both will facilitate an improved understanding of the ecology of G. destructans within this complex fungal community and provide an opportunity to identify characteristics that differentiate G. destructans from non-pathogenic relatives. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.; Minnis, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Muller, Laura K.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; National Speleological Society; US Forest Service FX The authors thank Peter Youngbaer (NSS), Mike Warner (Speleobooks Inc.), and Alan Hicks (NY DEC) for their assistance in coordinating collection of samples and the many individuals who volunteered to collect samples for this project. Financial support was provided to DSB by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey and the National Speleological Society and to DLL by the US Forest Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 65 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 2 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.3852/12-207 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 119HM UT WOS:000317088400001 PM 23074174 ER PT J AU Muller, LK Lorch, JM Lindner, DL O'Connor, M Gargas, A Blehert, DS AF Muller, Laura K. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Lindner, Daniel L. O'Connor, Michael Gargas, Andrea Blehert, David S. TI Bat white-nose syndrome: a real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction test targeting the intergenic spacer region of Geomyces destructans SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE diagnostic test; IGS; pathogen; PCR; wildlife disease ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; RIBOSOMAL-DNA; SEQUENCES; INFECTION AB The fungus Geomyces destructans is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease that has killed millions of North American hibernating bats. We describe a real-time TaqMan PCR test that detects DNA from G. destructans by targeting a portion of the multicopy intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene complex. The test is highly sensitive, consistently detecting as little as 3.3 fg genomic DNA from G. destructans. The real-time PCR test specifically amplified genomic DNA from G. destructans but did not amplify target sequence from 54 closely related fungal isolates (including 43 Geomyces spp. isolates) associated with bats. The test was qualified further by analyzing DNA extracted from 91 bat wing skin samples, and PCR results matched histopathology findings. These data indicate the real-time TaqMan PCR method described herein is a sensitive, specific and rapid test to detect DNA from G. destructans and provides a valuable tool for WNS diagnostics and research. C1 [Muller, Laura K.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [O'Connor, Michael] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016; OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service FX We thank A. Minnis (U.S. Forest Service) for assistance with phylogenetic analyses. We acknowledge technical assistance provided by B. Berlowski-Zier (U.S. Geological Survey) and M. Banik (U.S. Forest Service). D.S.B. was financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and D.L.L. by the U.S. Forest Service. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 35 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.3852/12-242 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 119HM UT WOS:000317088400002 PM 22962349 ER PT J AU Sands, JP Schnupp, MJ Teinert, TW DeMaso, SJ Hernandez, F Brennan, LA Rollins, D Perez, RM AF Sands, Joseph P. Schnupp, Matthew J. Teinert, Trent W. DeMaso, Stephen J. Hernandez, Fidel Brennan, Leonard A. Rollins, Dale Perez, Robert M. TI Tests of an additive harvest mortality model for northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus harvest management in Texas, USA SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive harvest mortality model; Colinus virginianus; harvest; hunting; northern bobwhite; sustained-yield harvest; Texas ID POPULATION RESPONSES; EXPLOITATION; ABUNDANCE; RANGELAND; SURVIVAL; MARK AB We evaluated the application of using an additive harvest mortality model (AHMM) as a harvest management strategy for northern bobwhites Colinus virginianus during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 hunting seasons in two ecoregions of Texas: the Rolling Plains (RP) and the South Texas Plains (STP). We collected field data on three study sites/ecoregion (of 4001,900 ha each; two treatment and one control) to estimate four demographic parameters (i.e. fall and spring density, overwinter survival in the absence of hunting and harvest rate). We used these data to parameterize an AHMM (a theoretical component of sustained-yield harvest; SYH) for bobwhites and compare model-based predictions of spring bobwhite populations with field estimates. Our goal was to compare predictions from the AHMM to field estimates of spring density based on known rates of harvest. Compared to field estimates, the AHMM consistently underestimated spring population density (mean % +/- SE) by 55.7 +/- 17.8% (2007/08) and 34.1 +/- 4.9% (2008/09) in the RP and by 26.4 +/- 25.3% (2007/08) and 49.1 +/- 2.1% (2008/09) in the STP. Prescribing a fall bobwhite harvest to achieve a specific, target spring density may be difficult given the wide variation in the model parameters (i.e. fall and spring density, and natural mortality) that we observed. C1 [Sands, Joseph P.; Schnupp, Matthew J.; Teinert, Trent W.; DeMaso, Stephen J.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Rollins, Dale] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLIFE Res, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Perez, Robert M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, La Vernia, TX 78121 USA. RP Sands, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM joseph_sands@fws.gov; mschnupp@king-ranch.com; trent.teinert@tpwd.state.tx.us; steve_demaso@fws.gov; fidel.hernandez@tamuk.edu; leonard.brennan@tamuk.edu; d-rollins@tamu.edu; robert.perez@tpwd.state.tx.us FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Texas State Council and South Texas Chapter of Quail Unlimited; South Texas Quail Research Project; South Texas Quail Associates Program; Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch FX we thank the landowners and lease managers who allowed access to their properties and provided harvest data during this project. B.M. Ballard, D.G. Hewitt, C.J. Parent, A.N. Tri, D. Williford and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project benefited from assistance in the field by K. Blair, C. Derbez, N. Gruber and T. Muckleroy. Funding and logistical support was provided by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Texas State Council and South Texas Chapter of Quail Unlimited, South Texas Quail Research Project, South Texas Quail Associates Program and Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch. This is publication number 10-128 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.2981/11-054 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400002 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Jacques, CN Klaver, RW DePerno, CS Lehman, CP Brinkman, TJ Robling, KA Rupp, SP Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Jacques, Christopher N. Klaver, Robert W. DePerno, Christopher S. Lehman, Chad P. Brinkman, Todd J. Robling, Kevin A. Rupp, Susan P. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Effects of plant phenology and vertical height on accuracy of radiotelemetry locations SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accuracy; error angle; height; location error; precision; radio-telemetry; vegetation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT SELECTION; TRIANGULATION ERROR; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; BIAS; FAWNS; CONSERVATION AB The use of very high frequency (VHF) radio-telemetry remains wide-spread in studies of wildlife ecology and management. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of vegetative obstruction on accuracy in differing habitats with varying transmitter types and heights. Using adult and fawn collars at varying heights above the ground (0, 33, 66 and 100 cm) to simulate activities (bedded, feeding and standing) and ages (neonate, juvenile and adult) of deer Odocoileus spp., we collected 5,767 bearings and estimated 1,424 locations (28-30 for each of 48 subsamples) in three habitat types (basture, grassland and forest), during two stages of vegetative growth (spring and late summer). Bearing error was approximately twice as large at a distance of 900 m for fawn (9.9 degrees) than for adult deer collars (4.9 degrees). Of 12 models developed to explain the variation in location error, the analysis of covariance model (HT*D + C*D + HT*TBA + C*TBA) containing interactions of height of collar above ground (HT), collar type (C), vertical height of understory vegetation (D) and tree basal area (TBA) was the best model (w(i) = 0.92) and explained similar to 71% of the variation in location error. Location error was greater for both collar types at 0 and 33 cm above the ground compared to 66 and 100 cm above the ground; however, location error was less for adult than fawn collars. Vegetation metrics influenced location error, which increased with greater vertical height of understory vegetation and tree basal area. Further, interaction of vegetation metrics and categorical variables indicated significant effects on location error. Our results indicate that researchers need to consider study objectives, life history of the study animal, signal strength of collar (collar type), distance from transmitter to receiver, topographical changes in elevation, habitat composition and season when designing telemetry protocols. Bearing distances in forested habitat should be decreased (approximately 23% in our study) compared to bearing distances in open habitat to maintain a consistent bearing error across habitats. Additionally, we believe that field biologists monitoring neonate ungulates for habitat selection should rely on visual locations rather than using VHF-collars and triangulation. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Robling, Kevin A.; Rupp, Susan P.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [DePerno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lehman, Chad P.] Custer State Pk, South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Custer, SD 57730 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu; cn-jacques@wiu.edu; bklaver@iastate.edu; chris_deperno@ncsu.edu; chad.lehman@state.sd.us; tjbrinkman@alaska.edu; kevin.robling@sdstate.edu; susan.rupp@sdstate.edu; jonathan.jenks@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [7530]; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund FX our study was funded by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, No. 7530), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management (formerly Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) at South Dakota State University and the Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund. We thank G. Dixon for field assistance during our study. We thank G.C. White and K.L. Monteith, who provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. We thank G. White and the Agricultural and Biological Research Statistical Consulting Group at Iowa State University for assistance with statistical analysis. We thank S. Nakagawa, who provided the rptR package for Program R. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. References NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.2981/11-044 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400004 ER PT J AU Powell, JH Kalinowski, ST Higgs, MD Ebinger, MR Vu, NV Cross, PC AF Powell, John H. Kalinowski, Steven T. Higgs, Megan D. Ebinger, Michael R. Vu, Ninh V. Cross, Paul C. TI Microsatellites indicate minimal barriers to mule deer Odocoileus hemionus dispersal. across Montana, USA SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; hybridization; isolation by distance; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-MARKERS; TAILED DEER; INFERENCE; PROGRAM; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB To better understand the future. spread of chronic wasting disease, we conducted a genetic assessment of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus population structure across the state of Montana, USA. Individual based analyses were used to test for population structure in the absence of a priori designations of population membership across the sampling area. Samples from the states of Wyoming, Colorado and Utah were also included in the analysis to provide a geographic context to the levels of population structure observed within Montana. Results showed that mule deer across our entire study region were characterized by weak isolation by distance and a lack of spatial autocorrelation at distances > 10 km. We found evidence for contemporary male bias in dispersal, with female mule deer exhibiting higher mean individual pairwise genetic distance than males. We tested for potential homogenizing effects of past translocations within Montana, but were unable to detect a genetic signature of these events. Our results indicate high levels of connectivity among mule deer populations in Montana and suggest few, if any, detectable barriers to mule deer gene flow or chronic wasting disease transmission. C1 [Powell, John H.; Kalinowski, Steven T.; Vu, Ninh V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ebinger, Michael R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Powell, JH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM john.powell8@msu.montana.edu; skalinowski@montana.edu; higgs@math.montana.edu; Mrebinger@hotmail.com; ninh.v.vu@gmail.com; pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1049562]; National Science Foundation [DEB-000717456] FX major funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-1067129. J. Powell was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1049562. Additional funding was provided by the National Science Foundation to S. Kalinowski under Grant No. DEB-000717456. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Samples provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks were paid for by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration matching grants. We thank S. Amish, T. Andrews, J. Gude and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.2981/11-081 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400011 ER PT J AU Howe, PD Yarnal, B Coletti, A Wood, NJ AF Howe, Peter D. Yarnal, Brent Coletti, Alex Wood, Nathan J. TI The Participatory Vulnerability Scoping Diagram: Deliberative Risk Ranking for Community Water Systems SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE community water systems; natural hazards; risk perception; vulnerability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGERS; PERCEPTIONS; ADAPTATION; STRESSORS; FLORIDA; VIEWS AB Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system. C1 [Howe, Peter D.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. [Howe, Peter D.; Yarnal, Brent] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Coletti, Alex] SM Resources Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Howe, PD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. EM peter.howe@yale.edu; alibar@psu.edu; acoletti@smrcusa.com; nwood@usgs.gov RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014; OI Coletti, Alex/0000-0002-6263-1831 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2 SI SI BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1080/00045608.2013.754673 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 096DC UT WOS:000315383200011 ER PT J AU Burris, L Skagen, SK AF Burris, Lucy Skagen, Susan K. TI Modeling sediment accumulation in North American playa wetlands in response to climate change, 1940-2100 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; OGALLALA AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; USA AB Playa wetlands on the west-central Great Plains of North America are vulnerable to sediment infilling from upland agriculture, putting at risk several important ecosystem services as well as essential habitats and food resources of diverse wetland-dependent biota. Climate predictions for this semi-arid area indicate reduced precipitation which may alter rates of erosion, runoff, and sedimentation of playas. We forecasted erosion rates, sediment depths, and resultant playa wetland depths across the west-central Great Plains and examined the relative roles of land use context and projected changes in precipitation in the sedimentation process. We estimated erosion with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) using historic values and downscaled precipitation predictions from three general circulation models and three emissions scenarios. We calibrated RUSLE results using field sediment measurements. RUSLE is appealing for regional scale modeling because it uses climate forecasts with monthly resolution and other widely available values including soil texture, slope and land use. Sediment accumulation rates will continue near historic levels through 2070 and will be sufficient to cause most playas (if not already filled) to fill with sediment within the next 100 years in the absence of mitigation. Land use surrounding the playa, whether grassland or tilled cropland, is more influential in sediment accumulation than climate-driven precipitation change. C1 [Burris, Lucy; Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Burris, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lburris@rams.colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative for research funding. Technical support was provided by Colorado State University, Department of Anthropology Geospatial Laboratory. Megan McLachlan and David Pavlacky provided playa information. Linda Joyce and David Coulson provided climate data. David Haukos, Gary Clow, Brian Cade, and Daniel Manier provided technical suggestions. Kevin Schauer processed GIS layers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2013 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0557-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106FP UT WOS:000316128700006 ER PT J AU Field, ME Chezar, H Storlazzi, CD AF Field, M. E. Chezar, H. Storlazzi, C. D. TI SedPods: a low-cost coral proxy for measuring net sedimentation SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Sedimentation; Corals; Particles; Reef health ID REEF; MOLOKAI; HAWAII AB Sediment derived from impaired watersheds is a major stressor to adjacent coral reefs globally. To better understand stresses generated by specific processes and events, many coral reef scientists seek to collect physical samples of settling particles and obtain reproducible information about net rates of sediment accumulation on coral reefs. Yet, the tools most commonly used to gather this information, sediment tube traps, only provide information on the gross accumulation of sediment at a site, in that all particles are effectively trapped within the container, unlike what a coral surface experiences. To address the need for an improved measurement of net particle accumulation on coral surfaces, we propose using recoverable sediment pods (SedPods) that can be constructed from readily available materials for under US $20. These devices are inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and allow for capture of particles over a given time span. The particles can then be used for laboratory analysis and accurate calculation of net accumulation rates on a coral surface proxy. In an experiment in Hanalei Bay, HI, we found that net sediment accumulation on rectangular SedPods was an order of magnitude less than gross accumulation in nearby conventional tube traps. C1 [Field, M. E.; Chezar, H.; Storlazzi, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Field, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mfield@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This is a contribution of the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coral Reef Project and was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank M. Bothner for insightful discussions, G. Piniak for thoughtful review comments, and J. B. Logan and S. A. Cochran for their assistance with field deployments and figure preparation, respectively. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0953-5 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TQ UT WOS:000316018600020 ER PT J AU Mumby, PJ Bejarano, S Golbuu, Y Steneck, RS Arnold, SN van Woesik, R Friedlander, AM AF Mumby, P. J. Bejarano, S. Golbuu, Y. Steneck, R. S. Arnold, S. N. van Woesik, R. Friedlander, A. M. TI Empirical relationships among resilience indicators on Micronesian reefs SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Resilience; Grazing; Juvenile corals; Algae; Micronesia; Herbivorous fish ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; ALGAL TURFS; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; MACROALGAL COVER; CTENOCHAETUS-STRIATUS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM AB A process-orientated understanding of ecosystems usually starts with an exploratory analysis of empirical relationships among potential drivers and state variables. While relationships among herbivory, algal cover, and coral recruitment, have been explored in the Caribbean, the nature of such relationships in the Pacific appears to be variable or unclear. Here, we examine potential drivers structuring the benthos and herbivorous fish assemblages of outer-shelf reefs in Micronesia (Palau, Guam and Pohnpei). Surveys were stratified by wave exposure and protection from fishing. High biomass of most herbivores was favoured by high wave exposure. High abundance of large-bodied scarids was associated with low turf abundance, high coral cover, and marine reserves. The remaining herbivores were more abundant in reefs with low coral cover, possibly because space and hence food limitation occur in high-coral-cover reefs. Rugosity had no detectable effect on herbivorous fish abundance once differences in exposure and coral cover were accounted for. At identical depths, high wave exposure was associated with greater volumes (cover x canopy height) of macroalgae and algal turfs, which most likely resulted from high primary productivity driven by flow. In exposed areas, macroalgal cover declined as the acanthurid biomass increased. The volume of algal turfs was negatively associated with coral cover and herbivore biomass. In turn, high coral cover and herbivore biomass are likely to intensify grazing. The density of juvenile corals was variable where macroalgal cover was low but was confined to lower densities where macroalgal cover was high. High coral cover and density of juvenile corals were favoured in sheltered habitats. While a weak positive relationship was found between scarid biomass and juvenile coral density, we hypothesise that high scarid densities may hinder juvenile density through increased corallivory. New hypotheses emerged that will help clarify the role of acanthurids, wave exposure, and corallivory in driving the recovery of Pacific coral communities. C1 [Mumby, P. J.; Bejarano, S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Golbuu, Y.] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror, Palau. [Steneck, R. S.; Arnold, S. N.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [van Woesik, R.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mumby, PJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM p.j.mumby@uq.eud.au RI Bejarano, Sonia/S-7784-2016 OI Bejarano, Sonia/0000-0001-6451-6354 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research FX The study was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and a small grant from the World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0966-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TQ UT WOS:000316018600026 ER PT J AU Labiosa, WB Forney, WM Esnard, AM Mitsoya-Boneva, D Bernknopf, R Hearn, P Hogan, D Pearlstine, L Strong, D Gladwin, H Swain, E AF Labiosa, W. B. Forney, W. M. Esnard, A. -M. Mitsoya-Boneva, D. Bernknopf, R. Hearn, P. Hogan, D. Pearlstine, L. Strong, D. Gladwin, H. Swain, E. TI An integrated multi-criteria scenario evaluation web tool for participatory land-use planning in urbanized areas: The Ecosystem Portfolio Model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Land-use planning; Decision support; Sustainability; Sea level rise mitigation; Quality of life; Ecological value; Ecosystem restoration ID LANDSCAPE CHANGE; DECISION-MAKING; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; FLORIDA; DIMENSIONS; ECOLOGY AB Land-use land-cover change is one of the most important and direct drivers of changes in ecosystem functions and services. Given the complexity of the decision-making, there is a need for Internet-based decision support systems with scenario evaluation capabilities to help planners, resource managers and communities visualize, compare and consider trade-offs among the many values at stake in land use planning. This article presents details on an Ecosystem Portfolio Model (EPM) prototype that integrates ecological, socio-economic information and associated values of relevance to decision-makers and stakeholders. The EPM uses a multi-criteria scenario evaluation framework, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and spatially-explicit land-use/land-cover change-sensitive models to characterize changes in important land-cover related ecosystem values related to ecosystem services and functions, land parcel prices, and community quality-of-life (QoL) metrics. Parameters in the underlying models can be modified through the interface, allowing users in a facilitated group setting to explore simultaneously issues of scientific uncertainty and divergence in the preferences of stakeholders. One application of the South Florida EPM prototype reported in this article shows the modeled changes (which are significant) in aggregate ecological value, landscape patterns and fragmentation, biodiversity potential and ecological restoration potential for current land uses compared to the 2050 land-use scenario. Ongoing refinements to EPM, and future work especially in regard to modifiable sea level rise scenarios are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Labiosa, W. B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Forney, W. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Esnard, A. -M.; Mitsoya-Boneva, D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Visual Planning Technol Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. [Bernknopf, R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hearn, P.; Hogan, D.; Strong, D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pearlstine, L.] Everglades & Dry Tortugas Natl Parks, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Gladwin, H.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Swain, E.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Labiosa, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 909 1st Ave,Suite 420, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM blabiosa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science Program; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; U.S. Park Service's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative; Everglades and Biscayne National Parks; University of Florida - Ft. Lauderdale; Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania; Florida Atlantic University; Florida International University FX We wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science Program and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program and the U.S. Park Service's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative. Partners include the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks, the University of Florida - Ft. Lauderdale, the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, Florida Atlantic University, and Florida International University. We also wish to acknowledge the invaluable feedback and suggestions provided by the Editor and anonymous reviewers. NR 82 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 41 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.10.012 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104EL UT WOS:000315974500020 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN AF Fienen, Michael N. TI We Speak for the Data SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 157 EP 157 DI 10.1111/gwat.12018 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100001 PM 23373871 ER PT J AU Virdi, ML Lee, TM Swancar, A Niswonger, RG AF Virdi, Makhan L. Lee, Terrie M. Swancar, Amy Niswonger, Richard G. TI Simulating the Effect of Climate Extremes on Groundwater Flow Through a Lakebed SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID KUMAR C. TWARAKAVI; EVALUATING INTERACTIONS; RICHARDS EQUATION; SEEPAGE LAKES; JIRKA SIMUNEK; SOPHIA SEO; LONG-TERM; WATER; FLORIDA; WISCONSIN AB Groundwater exchanges with lakes resulting from cyclical wet and dry climate extremes maintain lake levels in the environment in ways that are not well understood, in part because they remain difficult to simulate. To better understand the atypical groundwater interactions with lakes caused by climatic extremes, an original conceptual approach is introduced using MODFLOW-2005 and a kinematic-wave approximation to variably saturated flow that allows lake size and position in the basin to change while accurately representing the daily lake volume and three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow responses in the basin. Daily groundwater interactions are simulated for a calibrated lake basin in Florida over a decade that included historic wet and dry departures from the average rainfall. The divergent climate extremes subjected nearly 70% of the maximum lakebed area and 75% of the maximum shoreline perimeter to both groundwater inflow and lake leakage. About half of the lakebed area subject to flow reversals also went dry. A flow-through pattern present for 73% of the decade caused net leakage from the lake 80% of the time. Runoff from the saturated lake margin offset the groundwater deficit only about half of that time. A centripetal flow pattern present for 6% of the decade was important for maintaining the lake stage and generated 30% of all net groundwater inflow. Pumping effects superimposed on dry climate extremes induced the least frequent but most cautionary flow pattern with leakage from over 90% of the actual lakebed area. C1 [Virdi, Makhan L.] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lee, Terrie M.; Swancar, Amy] US Geol Survey, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Lee, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10500 Univ Ctr Dr,Suite 215, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM tmlee@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX This study was jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The authors are thankful to Mark Ross at the Center for Modeling Hydrologic and Aquatic Systems, University of South Florida, for collaborating on this study. Support for the fourth author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. The authors are grateful to Joseph Hughes, USGS, Tampa, FL, for his comments on the data and modeling, and Mark Brenner, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, for his insightful comments and discussion on littoral zone limnology. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00969.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100010 PM 22891702 ER PT J AU Morway, ED Niswonger, RG Langevin, CD Bailey, RT Healy, RW AF Morway, Eric D. Niswonger, Richard G. Langevin, Christian D. Bailey, Ryan T. Healy, Richard W. TI Modeling Variably Saturated Subsurface Solute Transport with MODFLOW-UZF and MT3DMS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RICHARDS EQUATION; EVALUATING INTERACTIONS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; FLOW PACKAGE; GROUNDWATER; WATER; INFILTRATION; HYDRUS; DISCRETIZATION; DIRECTIONS AB The MT3DMS groundwater solute transport model was modified to simulate solute transport in the unsaturated zone by incorporating the unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package developed for MODFLOW. The modified MT3DMS code uses a volume-averaged approach in which Lagrangian-based UZF1 fluid fluxes and storage changes are mapped onto a fixed grid. Referred to as UZF-MT3DMS, the linked model was tested against published benchmarks solved analytically as well as against other published codes, most frequently the U.S. Geological Survey's Variably-Saturated Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Model. Results from a suite of test cases demonstrate that the modified code accurately simulates solute advection, dispersion, and reaction in the unsaturated zone. Two- and three-dimensional simulations also were investigated to ensure unsaturated-saturated zone interaction was simulated correctly. Because the UZF1 solution is analytical, large-scale flow and transport investigations can be performed free from the computational and data burdens required by numerical solutions to Richards' equation. Results demonstrate that significant simulation runtime savings can be achieved with UZF-MT3DMS, an important development when hundreds or thousands of model runs are required during parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis. Three-dimensional variably saturated flow and transport simulations revealed UZF-MT3DMS to have runtimes that are less than one tenth of the time required by models that rely on Richards' equation. Given its accuracy and efficiency, and the wide-spread use of both MODFLOW and MT3DMS, the added capability of unsaturated-zone transport in this familiar modeling framework stands to benefit a broad user-ship. C1 [Morway, Eric D.; Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bailey, Ryan T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Morway, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM emorway@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Ryan/0000-0002-6539-1474 FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Jan Vanderborght for his prompt responses in supplying analytical solution results in tabular form for benchmarking the UZF-MT3DMS model. We would also like to thank Mario Putti and Domenico Bau for supplying the TRAN3D code used in the 3D test problem. Assistance from Alden Provost is greatly appreciated for helping verify correct model setup of the SUTRA model used in the 3D test problem. We would also like to thank Jirka Simunek and Miroslav Sejna for quickly creating and patiently supporting numerous requests pertaining to the HYDRUS model used in the three-dimensional benchmark. Support for the second author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. Daniel Fienstein and Chris Green graciously agreed to complete the internal USGS reviews, we thank each for their helpful feedback. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insights, comments, and patience. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00971.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100013 PM 22834908 ER PT J AU Neish, CD Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD Bray, VJ Schenk, P Stiles, BW Turtle, E Mitchell, K Hayes, A AF Neish, C. D. Kirk, R. L. Lorenz, R. D. Bray, V. J. Schenk, P. Stiles, B. W. Turtle, E. Mitchell, K. Hayes, A. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Crater topography on Titan: Implications for landscape evolution SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cratering; Titan; Ganymede ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; GALILEAN SATELLITES; IMPACT CRATER; HUYGENS PROBE; CENTRAL PEAK; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; GANYMEDE; METHANE; LOCKNE AB We present a comprehensive review of available crater topography measurements for Saturn's moon Titan. In general, the depths of Titan's craters are within the range of depths observed for similarly sized fresh craters on Ganymede, but several hundreds of meters shallower than Ganymede's average depth vs. diameter trend. Depth-to-diameter ratios are between 0.0012 +/- 0.0003 (for the largest crater studied, Menrva, D similar to 425 km) and 0.017 +/- 0.004 (for the smallest crater studied, Ksa, D similar to 39 km). When we evaluate the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit parameter, we find that there is less than a 10% probability that Titan's craters have a current depth distribution that is consistent with the depth distribution of fresh craters on Ganymede. There is, however, a much higher probability that the relative depths are uniformly distributed between 0 (fresh) and I (completely infilled). This distribution is consistent with an infilling process that is relatively constant with time, such as aeolian deposition. Assuming that Ganymede represents a close 'airless' analogue to Titan, the difference in depths represents the first quantitative measure of the amount of modification that has shaped Titan's surface, the only body in the outer Solar System with extensive surface-atmosphere exchange. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neish, C. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bray, V. J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stiles, B. W.; Mitchell, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hayes, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neish, CD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM catherine.d.neish@nasa.gov RI Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We wish to acknowledge the Cassini RADAR Team for acquiring and processing the data presented here. C.N., R.K., R.L., B.S., and E.T. further thank the Cassini Project for financial support. A.H. was funded by the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. This work was also partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA to C.N., and a portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a Contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank O. Abramov and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.030 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600009 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Cuzzi, JN Clark, RN Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Ciarniello, M AF Hedman, M. M. Nicholson, P. D. Cuzzi, J. N. Clark, R. N. Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. Ciarniello, M. TI Connections between spectra and structure in Saturn's main rings based on Cassini VIMS data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Planetary rings; Saturn, Rings; Spectroscopy; Ices, IR spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; PLANETARY RING; DUST GRAINS; SATELLITES; PHOTOMETRY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; ALBEDO AB Saturn's main rings exhibit variations in both their opacity and their spectral properties on a broad range of spatial scales, and the correlations between these parameters can provide insights into the processes that shape the composition and dynamics of the rings. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini Spacecraft has obtained spectra of the rings between 0.35 and 5.2 mu m with sufficient spatial resolution to discern variations on scales below 200 km. These relatively high-resolution spectral data reveal that both the depths of the near-infrared water-ice absorption bands and the visible spectral slopes are often correlated with structural parameters such as the rings' optical depth. Using a simplified model for the ring-particles' regolith properties, we have begun to disentangle the trends due to changes in the gross composition of the ring particles from those that may be due to shifts in the texture of the ring particles' regolith. Consistent with previous studies, this analysis finds that the C ring and the Cassini Division possess enhanced concentrations of a contaminant that absorbs light over a broad range of wavelengths. On the other hand, a second contaminant that preferentially absorbs at short visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths is found to be more evenly distributed throughout the rings. The optical activity of this short-wavelength absorber increases inwards of 100,000 km from Saturn center, which may provide clues to the origin of this contaminant. The spectral variations identified as shifts in the regolith texture are in some places clearly correlated with the ring's optical depth, and in other locations they appear to be associated with the disturbances generated by strong mean-motion resonances with Saturn's various moons. These variations therefore seem to be controlled by the ring particles' dynamical environment, and may even provide a new avenue for constraining the structure and mass density of Saturn's most opaque ring regions. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Ciarniello, M.] INAF IAPS Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 322 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu OI Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207 FU VIMS team; Cassini Project; NASA FX We acknowledge the support of the VIMS team, the Cassini Project and NASA. We would like to thank P. Helfenstein for some useful conversations regarding this work. We also thank S. Brooks and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that helped improve this manuscript. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.014 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600011 ER PT J AU Anderson, RB Bell, JF AF Anderson, Ryan B. Bell, James F., III TI Correlating multispectral imaging and compositional data from the Mars Exploration Rovers and implications for Mars Science Laboratory SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Image processing; Spectroscopy; Data reduction techniques ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; VIKING LANDER; SPIRIT ROVER; MARTIAN SOIL; GUSEV CRATER; ROCKS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHFINDER AB In an effort to infer compositional information about distant targets based on multispectral imaging data, we investigated methods of relating Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Pancam multispectral remote sensing observations to in situ alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS)-derived elemental abundances and Mossbauer (MB)-derived abundances of Fe-bearing phases at the MER field sites in Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum. The majority of the partial correlation coefficients between these data sets were not statistically significant. Restricting the targets to those that were abraded by the rock abrasion tool (RAT) led to improved Pearson's correlations, most notably between the red-blue ratio (673 nm/ 434 nm) and Fe3+-bearing phases, but partial correlations were not statistically significant. Partial Least Squares (PLS) calculations relating Pancam II-color visible to near-IR (VNIR; similar to 400-1000 nm) "spectra" to APXS and Mossbauer element or mineral abundances showed generally poor performance, although the presence of compositional outliers led to improved PLS results for data from Meridiani. When the Meridiani PIS model for pyroxene was tested by predicting the pyroxene content of Gusev targets, the results were poor, indicating that the PLS models for Meridiani are not applicable to data from other sites. Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) classification of Gusev crater data showed mixed results. Of the 24 Gusev test regions of interest (ROIs) with known classes, 11 had >30% of the pixels in the ROI classified correctly, while others were mis-classified or unclassified, k-Means clustering of APXS and Mossbauer data was used to assign Meridiani targets to compositional classes. The clustering-derived classes corresponded to meaningful geologic and/or color unit differences, and SIMCA classification using these classes was somewhat successful, with >30% of pixels correctly classified in 9 of the 11 ROls with known classes. This work shows that the relationship between SWIR multispectral imaging data and APXS- and Mossbauer-derived composition/mineralogy is often weak, a perhaps not entirely unexpected result given the different surface sampling depths of SWIR imaging (uppermost few microns) vs. APXS (tens of mu m) and MB measurements (hundreds of mu m). Results from the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover's ChemCam Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument may show a closer relationship to Mastcam SWIR multispectral observations, however, because the initial laser shots onto a target will analyze only the upper few micrometers of the surface. The clustering and classification methods used in this study can be applied to any data set to formalize the definition of classes and identify targets that do not fit in previously defined classes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, Ryan B.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Anderson, Ryan B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bell, James F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Anderson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rbanderson@usgs.gov; Jim.Bell@asu.edu FU NASA FX This work was funded by the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program, the NASA Mars Exploration Rover Project, and the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the JPL MIPL team in coregistering the large number of Pancam observations necessary for this work. Suniti Karunatillake provided helpful statistical advice, and comments from reviewers Ray Arvidson and Bill Farrand significantly improved this paper. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.029 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600014 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Le Corre, L O'Brien, DP Nathues, A Cloutis, EA Durda, DD Bottke, WF Bhatt, MU Nesvorny, D Buczkowski, D Scully, JEC Palmer, EM Sierks, H Mann, PJ Becker, KJ Beck, AW Mittlefehldt, D Li, JY Gaskell, R Russell, CT Gaffey, MJ McSween, HY McCord, TB Combe, JP Blewett, D AF Reddy, Vishnu Le Corre, Lucille O'Brien, David P. Nathues, Andreas Cloutis, Edward A. Durda, Daniel D. Bottke, William F. Bhatt, Megha U. Nesvorny, David Buczkowski, Debra Scully, Jennifer E. C. Palmer, Elizabeth M. Sierks, Holger Mann, Paul J. Becker, Kris J. Beck, Andrew W. Mittlefehldt, David Li, Jian-Yang Gaskell, Robert Russell, Christopher T. Gaffey, Michael J. McSween, Harry Y. McCord, Thomas B. Combe, Jean-Philippe Blewett, David TI Delivery of dark material to Vesta via carbonaceous chondritic impacts (vol 221, pg 544, 2012) SO ICARUS LA English DT Correction C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Nathues, Andreas; Bhatt, Megha U.; Sierks, Holger] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [O'Brien, David P.; Gaskell, Robert] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.; Mann, Paul J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Durda, Daniel D.; Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Buczkowski, Debra; Blewett, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Scully, Jennifer E. C.; Palmer, Elizabeth M.; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mittlefehldt, David] NASA, Astromat Res Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [McCord, Thomas B.; Combe, Jean-Philippe] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@mps.mpg.de RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 632 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.006 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600049 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH Zawada, DG AF Lidz, Barbara H. Zawada, David G. TI Possible Return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; benthic cover; coral habitat; Diadema antillarum; Florida-Caribbean region; remote sensing; satellite imagery; seafloor imagery; shallow-marine habitat mapping ID URCHIN DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; MASS MORTALITY; SEA-URCHIN; CORAL-REEFS; TRIPNEUSTES-VENTRICOSUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MACROALGAL COVER; RECOVERY; KEYS AB Lidz, B.H. and Zawada, D.G., 2013. Possible return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(2), 256-271. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Seabed classification is essential to assessing environmental associations and physical status in coral reef ecosystems. At Pulaski Shoal in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, nearly continuous underwater-image coverage was acquired in 15.5 hours in 2009 along 70.2 km of transect lines spanning similar to 0.2 km(2). The Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS), a boat-based, high-speed, digital imaging system, was used. ATRIS-derived benthic classes were merged with a QuickBird satellite image to create a habitat map that defines areas of senile coral reef, carbonate sand, seagrasses, and coral rubble. This atypical approach of starting with extensive, high-resolution in situ imagery and extrapolating between transect lines using satellite imagery leverages the strengths of each remote-sensing modality. The ATRIS images also captured the spatial distribution of two species once common on now-degraded Florida Caribbean coral reefs: the stony staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis, a designated threatened species, and the long-spined urchin Diadema antillarum. This article documents the utility of ATRIS imagery for quantifying number and estimating age of A. cervicornis colonies (n = 400, age range, 5-11 y) since the severe hypothermic die-off in the Dry Tortugas in 1976-77. This study is also the first to document the largest number of new colonies of A. cervicornis tabulated in an area of the park where coral-monitoring stations maintained by the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute have not been established. The elevated numbers provide an updated baseline for tracking revival of this species at Pulaski Shoal. C1 [Lidz, Barbara H.; Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM blidz@usgs.gov; dzawada@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This manuscript has benefited from constructive reviews by Jamie Bonisteel-Cormier of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous JCR reviewers. The authors thank Gary L. Hill and Phil Thompson of the U.S. Geological Survey for assistance with acquisition of the ATRIS imagery. Captains C. "Blue" Douglass, J. Douglass, and J. Spade of the National Park Service provided field assistance and lodging aboard the M/V (motor vessel) Fort Jefferson in 2009. Appreciation is extended to Dan Umberger for assisting in reexamination of ATRIS images for quantification of Acropora cervicornis and Diadema antillarum. The authors thank Ellen Raabe for assistance in preparation of the index basemap from ESRI (Redlands, California) data, Laurinda Travers for aid in compiling Figures 7A and B, and Betsy Boynton for help with polygon cutouts on the contour map and assembling components in Figures 4 and 8. Luke J. Mueller and Paul Robbins developed the ADAPT computer program, which is based on an earlier program written by David B. Nagle. The Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies project of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded the study. The ATRIS imagery was collected under Dry Tortugas Scientific Research Permit DRTO-2009-SCI-0005 issued to D. Zawada. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 256 EP 271 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00078.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 106RM UT WOS:000316162400002 ER PT J AU Kreiling, RM Schubauer-Berigan, JP Richardson, WB Bartsch, LA Hughes, PE Cavanaugh, JC Strauss, EA AF Kreiling, Rebecca M. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. Richardson, William B. Bartsch, Lynn A. Hughes, Peter E. Cavanaugh, Jennifer C. Strauss, Eric A. TI Wetland Management Reduces Sediment and Nutrient Loading to the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; DENITRIFICATION; BASIN; NITRIFICATION; RETENTION; HYPOXIA; NITRATE AB Restored riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River basin have potential to remove sediment and nutrients from tributaries before they flow into the Mississippi River. For 3 yr we calculated retention efficiencies of a marsh complex, which consisted of a restored marsh and an adjacent natural marsh that were connected to Halfway Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi. We measured sediment, N, and P removal through a mass balance budget approach, N removal through denitrification, and N and P removal through mechanical soil excavation. The marsh complex had average retention rates of approximately 30 Mg sediment ha(-1) yr(-1), 26 kg total N ha(-1) yr(-1), and 20 kg total P ha(-1) yr(-1). Water flowed into the restored marsh only during high-discharge events. Although the majority of retention occurred in the natural marsh, portions of the natural marsh were hydrologically disconnected at low discharge due to historical over-bank sedimentation. The natural marsh removed >60% of sediment, >10% of P, and >5% of N loads (except the first year, when it was a N source). The marsh complex was a source of NH4+ and soluble reactive P. The average denitrification rate for the marsh complex was 2.88 mg N m(-2) h(-1). Soil excavation removed 3600 Mg of sediment, 5.6 Mg of N, and 2.7 Mg of P from the restored marsh. The marsh complex was effective in removing sediment and nutrients from storm flows; however, retention could be increased if more water was diverted into both restored and natural marshes before entering the river. C1 [Kreiling, Rebecca M.; Richardson, William B.; Bartsch, Lynn A.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hughes, Peter E.] Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.] USDA NRCS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strauss, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Kreiling, RM (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rkreiling@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013; OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535; Kreiling, Rebecca/0000-0002-9295-4156 FU USEPA [DW14996301]; USGS [DW14996301]; Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program FX We thank Robert Kennedy, Matt Morrison, Adam Balz, Reid Northwick, Tammy Yeldon, Alex Schroeder, and Alyssa Standorf for their tireless efforts in the field and laboratory. Nick Hanson and Tim Hanson from the USGS in Middleton, WI, were responsible for operation of the gage equipment and for computation of the stream flow records. Jim Nissen from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided access to the Halfway Creek Marsh Complex. Carol Lowenberg provided graphic support. Reviews by Christopher Craft, John Barko, Barry Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved this manuscript. This work was funded by an Interagency Agreement between the USEPA and the USGS (DW14996301) and was partially supported by the Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program. Th e views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0248 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103TS UT WOS:000315942600030 PM 23673850 ER PT J AU Kayen, R Moss, RES Thompson, EM Seed, RB Cetin, KO Kiureghian, AD Tanaka, Y Tokimatsu, K AF Kayen, R. Moss, R. E. S. Thompson, E. M. Seed, R. B. Cetin, K. O. Kiureghian, A. Der Tanaka, Y. Tokimatsu, K. TI Shear-Wave Velocity-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Earthquakes; Liquefaction; Shear waves; Velocity; Sand; Seismic hazard; Correlation; Databases ID PENETRATION TEST; EARTHQUAKE; RESISTANCE; STRESS; SITES AB Shear-wave velocity (V-s) offers a means to determine the seismic resistance of soil to liquefaction by a fundamental soil property. This paper presents the results of an 11-year international project to gather new V-s site data and develop probabilistic correlations for seismic soil liquefaction occurrence. Toward that objective, shear-wave velocity test sites were identified, and measurements made for 301 new liquefaction field case histories in China, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States over a decade. The majority of these new case histories reoccupy those previously investigated by penetration testing. These new data are combined with previously published case histories to build a global catalog of 422 case histories of V-s liquefaction performance. Bayesian regression and structural reliability methods facilitate a probabilistic treatment of the V-s catalog for performance-based engineering applications. Where possible, uncertainties of the variables comprising both the seismic demand and the soil capacity were estimated and included in the analysis, resulting in greatly reduced overall model uncertainty relative to previous studies. The presented data set and probabilistic analysis also help resolve the ancillary issues of adjustment for soil fines content and magnitude scaling factors. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kayen, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kayen, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Moss, R. E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Thompson, E. M.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Seed, R. B.; Kiureghian, A. Der] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cetin, K. O.] Middle Eastern Tech Univ, Ankara, Turkey. [Tanaka, Y.] UTAR, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia. [Tokimatsu, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Architechture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. RP Kayen, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkayen@usgs.gov RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; FU Unites States Geological Survey (USGS); Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's Lifelines Program; EERI-LFE Program; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Japan Ministry of Education FX Financial support was provided through the Unites States Geological Survey (USGS); Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's Lifelines Program; EERI-LFE Program; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; and the Japan Ministry of Education. The writers would like to thank T. Leslie Youd (Brigham Young University); I. M. Idriss (University of California-Davis); Y. Suzuki (Shimizu Corp); H. Taniguchi (Ritsumeikan University, Japan); L. Cluff (PG & E); Tom Shantz (Caltrans); Diane Minasian (USGS); Brad Carkin (USGS); Ivan Estevez (CCNY); Lena Lai (CCNY); Aliza Zangwill (UCSD); S. Toki (Hokkaido University, Japan); and Albert Hsou (NCHU, Taiwan); and for their insights, assistance, and contributions to the study. X. X. Tao and Lijing Shi (Harbin IT, China) assisted in the collection of the Tangshan area data. Kobe City Parks Department and the City of Nishinomiya provided extensive access to city properties for the Hyogo Nambu earthquake test sites. Brian Collins (USGS), Professor Jon Stewart (University of California-Los Angeles), and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their critical reviews and insights. NR 100 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 26 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 111YD UT WOS:000316557100005 ER PT J AU Lu, N Kaya, M Collins, BD Godt, JW AF Lu, Ning Kaya, Murat Collins, Brian D. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Hysteresis of Unsaturated Hydromechanical Properties of a Silty Soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Unsaturated soil; Matric suction; Hydraulic conductivity; Suction stress; Soil-water retention; Hysteresis ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STRESS; SUCTION; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; FIELD; MEDIA AB Laboratory tests to examine hysteresis in the hydrologic and mechanical properties of partially saturated soils were conducted on six intact specimens collected from a landslide-prone area of Alameda County, California. The results reveal that the pore-size distribution parameter remains statistically unchanged between the wetting and drying paths; however, the wetting or drying state has a pronounced influence on the water-entry pressure, the water-filled porosity at zero suction, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The suction stress values obtained from the shear-strength tests under both natural moisture and resaturated conditions were mostly bounded by the suction stress characteristic curves (SSCCs) obtained from the hydrologic tests. This finding experimentally confirms that the soil-water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity function, and SSCC are intrinsically related. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000786. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Lu, Ning; Kaya, Murat] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Geol & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ninglu@mines.edu; mkaya@mines.edu; bcollins@usgs.gov; jgodt@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 34 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000786 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 111YD UT WOS:000316557100014 ER PT J AU Molk, DM Karr-May, CL Trang, ED Sanders, GE AF Molk, Denise M. Karr-May, Charlene L. Trang, Elaine D. Sanders, George E. TI Sanitization of an Automatic Reverse-Osmosis Watering System: Removal of a Clinically Significant Biofilm SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPHINGOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; CHLORINE PENETRATION; BACTERIA; QUALITY AB During environmental monitoring of our institution's rodent watering systems, one vivarium was found to have high bacterial loads in the reverse-osmosis (RO) automatic water system. These findings prompted evaluation of the entire RO water production and distribution system. Investigation revealed insufficient rack and RO system sanitization, leading to heavy biofilm accumulation within the system. Approximately 2 wk after discovery in the water system, one of the bacterial organisms isolated in the water supply, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, was isolated from a peritoneal abscess of a severely immunodeficient B6.Cg-Slc11a1(r) Rag1(tm1Mom)/Cwi mouse housed in the same vivarium, suggesting that rodents drinking from this system were being exposed randomly to fragments of biofilm. Plans were developed to sanitize the entire system. Hypercholorination was used first, followed by treatment with a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Between system sanitizations, a low-level chlorine infusion was added to the system as a biocide. Heterotrophic plate counts and bacterial isolation were performed on water samples obtained before and after sanitization procedures. We here discuss the process of identifying and correcting this important water-quality issue. C1 [Molk, Denise M.; Karr-May, Charlene L.; Trang, Elaine D.; Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Molk, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM newsomd@uw.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 106QL UT WOS:000316159700012 PM 23562105 ER PT J AU Christianson, D Klaver, RW Middleton, A Kauffman, M AF Christianson, David Klaver, Robert W. Middleton, Arthur Kauffman, Matthew TI Confounded winter and spring phenoclimatology on large herbivore ranges SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Elk; Green-up; Normalized difference vegetation index; Phenology; Snow; Spring; Winter ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; STAGS CERVUS-ELAPHUS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; VEGETATION INDEX; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; UNGULATE POPULATIONS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; MIGRATORY UNGULATE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GROWING-SEASON AB Annual variation in winter severity and growing season vegetation dynamics appear to influence the demography of temperate herbivores but parsing winter from spring effects requires independent metrics of environmental conditions specific to each season. We tested for independence in annual variation amongst four common metrics used to describe winter severity and early growing season vegetation dynamics across the entire spatial distribution of elk (Cervus elaphus) in Wyoming from 1989 to 2006. Winter conditions and early growing season dynamics were correlated in a specific way. Winters with snow cover that ended early tended to be followed by early, but slow, rises in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while long winters with extended periods of snow cover were often followed by late and rapid rises in NDVI. Across the 35 elk ranges, 0.4-86.8 % of the variation in the rate of increase in NDVI's in spring was explained by the date snow cover disappeared from SNOTEL stations. Because phenoclimatological metrics are correlated across seasons and shifting due to climate change, identifying environmental constraints on herbivore fitness, particularly migratory species, is more difficult than previously recognized. C1 [Christianson, David] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Middleton, Arthur] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Christianson, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dchristianson@email.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease [1067129]; U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease grant #1067129 and by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We are grateful to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for providing spatial data on elk seasonal ranges. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9840-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 108JW UT WOS:000316290100006 ER PT J AU Nicol, S Roach, JK Griffith, B AF Nicol, Samuel Roach, Jennifer K. Griffith, Brad TI Spatial heterogeneity in statistical power to detect changes in lake area in Alaskan National Wildlife Refuges SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Statistical power; Mixed model; Lake drying; Alaska; Temporal sampling; Regional trend; Trend detection; Climate change ID REGIONAL TRENDS; PERMAFROST AB Over the past 50 years, the number and size of high-latitude lakes have decreased throughout many regions; however, individual lake trends have been variable in direction and magnitude. This spatial heterogeneity in lake change makes statistical detection of temporal trends challenging, particularly in small analysis areas where weak trends are difficult to separate from inter- and intra-annual variability. Factors affecting trend detection include inherent variability, trend magnitude, and sample size. In this paper, we investigated how the statistical power to detect average linear trends in lake size of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %/year was affected by the size of the analysis area and the number of years of monitoring in National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska. We estimated power for large (930-4,560 sq km) study areas within refuges and for 2.6, 12.9, and 25.9 sq km cells nested within study areas over temporal extents of 4-50 years. We found that: (1) trends in study areas could be detected within 5-15 years, (2) trends smaller than 2.0 %/year would take > 50 years to detect in cells within study areas, and (3) there was substantial spatial variation in the time required to detect change among cells. Power was particularly low in the smallest cells which typically had the fewest lakes. Because small but ecologically meaningful trends may take decades to detect, early establishment of long-term monitoring will enhance power to detect change. Our results have broad applicability and our method is useful for any study involving change detection among variable spatial and temporal extents. C1 [Nicol, Samuel; Roach, Jennifer K.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nicol, S (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM sam.nicol@csiro.au RI Nicol, Samuel/I-1074-2012 OI Nicol, Samuel/0000-0002-1160-7444 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks to Jay Ver Hoef for his comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10980-013-9853-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 108JW UT WOS:000316290100012 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB Chandler, R Zipkin, EF Royle, JA Nichols, JD Grant, EHC Veran, S AF Yackulic, Charles B. Chandler, Richard Zipkin, Elise F. Royle, J. Andrew Nichols, James D. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Veran, Sophie TI Presence-only modelling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences? SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE AUC; detection; occurrence; prevalence; sample selection bias ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGISTS; PRECISION; ABUNDANCE; ABSENCE; RATES; BIAS AB Recently, interest in species distribution modelling has increased following the development of new methods for the analysis of presence-only data and the deployment of these methods in user-friendly and powerful computer programs. However, reliable inference from these powerful tools requires that several assumptions be met, including the assumptions that observed presences are the consequence of random or representative sampling and that detectability during sampling does not vary with the covariates that determine occurrence probability. Based on our interactions with researchers using these tools, we hypothesized that many presence-only studies were ignoring important assumptions of presence-only modelling. We tested this hypothesis by reviewing 108 articles published between 2008 and 2012 that used the MAXENT algorithm to analyse empirical (i.e. not simulated) data. We chose to focus on these articles because MAXENT has been the most popular algorithm in recent years for analysing presence-only data. Many articles (87%) were based on data that were likely to suffer from sample selection bias; however, methods to control for sample selection bias were rarely used. In addition, many analyses (36%) discarded absence information by analysing presenceabsence data in a presence-only framework, and few articles (14%) mentioned detection probability. We conclude that there are many misconceptions concerning the use of presence-only models, including the misunderstanding that MAXENT, and other presence-only methods, relieve users from the constraints of survey design. In the process of our literature review, we became aware of other factors that raised concerns about the validity of study conclusions. In particular, we observed that 83% of articles studies focused exclusively on model output (i.e. maps) without providing readers with any means to critically examine modelled relationships and that MAXENT's logistic output was frequently (54% of articles) and incorrectly interpreted as occurrence probability. We conclude with a series of recommendations foremost that researchers analyse data in a presenceabsence framework whenever possible, because fewer assumptions are required and inferences can be made about clearly defined parameters such as occurrence probability. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.; Chandler, Richard; Zipkin, Elise F.; Royle, J. Andrew; Nichols, James D.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Veran, Sophie] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU National Science Foundation [1003221] FX CBY was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1003221. This is contribution 2 of the PWRC-WMS research program and contribution 419 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 12 U2 228 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1111/2041-210x.12004 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108YT UT WOS:000316333000004 ER PT J AU Waddle, JH Glorioso, BM Faulkner, SP AF Waddle, J. Hardin Glorioso, Brad M. Faulkner, Stephen P. TI A Quantitative Assessment of the Conservation Benefits of the Wetlands Reserve Program to Amphibians SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anuran; delta; detection probability; hierarchical model; Mississippi; occupancy; species richness ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; PONDS; COLONIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; OCCUPANCY; RESPONSES; WILDLIFE; CANADA AB The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) originally consisted of nearly contiguous bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest encompassing approximately 10 million hectares. Currently, only 2025% of the historical BLH forests remain in small patches fragmented by agricultural lands. The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) was established to restore and protect the functions and values of wetlands in agricultural landscapes. To assess the potential benefit of WRP restoration to amphibians, we surveyed 30 randomly selected WRP sites and 20 nearby agricultural sites in the Mississippi Delta. We made repeat visits to each site from May to August 2008 and performed both visual encounter and vocalization surveys. We analyzed the encounter history data for 11 anuran species using a Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model that estimated detection probability and probability of occurrence simultaneously for each species. Nine of the 11 species had higher probabilities of occurrence at WRP sites compared to agriculture. Derived estimates of species richness were also higher for WRP sites. Five anuran species were significantly more likely to occur in WRP than in agriculture, four of which were among the most aquatic species. It appears that the restoration of a more permanent hydrology at the WRP sites may be the primary reason for this result. Although amphibians represent only one group of wildlife species, they are useful for evaluating restoration benefits for wildlife because of their intermediate trophic position. The methods used in this study to evaluate the benefit of restoration could be used in other locations and with other groups of indicator species. C1 [Waddle, J. Hardin; Glorioso, Brad M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM waddleh@usgs.gov RI Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013; Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service as part of the CEAP National Assessment-Wetlands FX We appreciate the willingness of the private landowners to allow us access to their properties for the purposes of this study. Partial funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service as part of the CEAP National Assessment-Wetlands. Site selection, information, and field support were provided by M. Baldwin and P. Vasseur. We thank L. Broussard, I. Wiggins, and T. Cochran for providing help with the field work. All handling of animals was conducted in accordance with approved IACUC protocols. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 399 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00881.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000012 ER PT J AU Otis, DL Crumpton, WR Green, D Loan-Wilsey, A Cooper, T Johnson, RR AF Otis, David L. Crumpton, William R. Green, David Loan-Wilsey, Anna Cooper, Tom Johnson, Rex R. TI Predicted Effect of Landscape Position on Wildlife Habitat Value of Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Wetlands in a Tile-drained Agricultural Region SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; landscape position; nitrate removal; tile-drained agriculture; wetland; wildlife habitat ID PRAIRIE; DESIGN; MODELS; ERRORS; BIRDS AB Justification for investment in restored or constructed wetland projects are often based on presumed net increases in ecosystem services. However, quantitative assessment of performance metrics is often difficult and restricted to a single objective. More comprehensive performance assessments could help inform decision-makers about trade-offs in services provided by alternative restoration program design attributes. The primary goal of the Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program is to establish wetlands that efficiently remove nitrates from tile-drained agricultural landscapes. A secondary objective is provision of wildlife habitat. We used existing wildlife habitat models to compare relative net change in potential wildlife habitat value for four alternative landscape positions of wetlands within the watershed. Predicted species richness and habitat value for birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles generally increased as the wetland position moved lower in the watershed. However, predicted average net increase between pre- and post-project value was dependent on taxonomic group. The increased average wetland area and changes in surrounding upland habitat composition among landscape positions were responsible for these differences. Net change in predicted densities of several grassland bird species at the four landscape positions was variable and species-dependent. Predicted waterfowl breeding activity was greater for lower drainage position wetlands. Although our models are simplistic and provide only a predictive index of potential habitat value, we believe such assessment exercises can provide a tool for coarse-level comparisons of alternative proposed project attributes and a basis for constructing informed hypotheses in auxiliary empirical field studies. C1 [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Crumpton, William R.; Green, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Loan-Wilsey, Anna] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cooper, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Johnson, Rex R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Otis, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 342 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dotis@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency. We thank Kevin Kane and Robin McNally (Iowa State University) for GIS support and advice. The Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00898.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000021 ER PT J AU Longland, WS Ostoja, SM AF Longland, William S. Ostoja, Steven M. TI Ecosystem Services from Keystone Species: Diversionary Seeding and Seed-Caching Desert Rodents Can Enhance Indian Ricegrass Seedling Establishment SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum hymenoides; animal-mediated seed dispersal; Dipodomys merriami; Great Basin; heteromyid rodents; kangaroo rats; passive restoration; scatterhoarding ID ASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; HETEROMYID RODENTS; FOREST RESTORATION; DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT; BIRDS; TREES; PREFERENCES; POPULATIONS AB Seeds of Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides), a native bunchgrass common to sandy soils on arid western rangelands, are naturally dispersed by seed-caching rodent species, particularly Dipodomys spp. (kangaroo rats). These animals cache large quantities of seeds when mature seeds are available on or beneath plants and recover most of their caches for consumption during the remainder of the year. Unrecovered seeds in caches account for the vast majority of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment. We applied three different densities of white millet (Panicum miliaceum) seeds as diversionary foods to plots at three Great Basin study sites in an attempt to reduce rodents' over-winter cache recovery so that more Indian ricegrass seeds would remain in soil seedbanks and potentially establish new seedlings. One year after diversionary seed application, a moderate level of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment occurred at two of our study sites in western Nevada, although there was no recruitment at the third site in eastern California. At both Nevada sites, the number of Indian ricegrass seedlings sampled along transects was significantly greater on all plots treated with diversionary seeds than on non-seeded control plots. However, the density of diversionary seeds applied to plots had a marginally non-significant effect on seedling recruitment, and it was not correlated with recruitment patterns among plots. Results suggest that application of a diversionary seed type that is preferred by seed-caching rodents provides a promising passive restoration strategy for target plant species that are dispersed by these rodents. C1 [Longland, William S.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. RP Longland, WS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM longland@unr.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000022 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK AF Brewer, Shannon K. TI GROUNDWATER INFLUENCES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF RIVERINE SMALLMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU, IN PASTURE LANDSCAPES OF THE MIDWESTERN USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE groundwater; spring flow; agriculture; land use ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT USE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LAND-USE; STREAM; TEMPERATURE; FISHES; MISSOURI; DURATION; TROUT AB This study examined how spring-flow (SF) contributions to streams related to the distribution and abundance of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in a predominately pasture landscape in Missouri, USA. Stream segments (N=13) with similar landscape characters were classified by SF volume into high SF (HSF) or low SF (LSF) groups. The densities of smallmouth bass, channel unit (CU) use and temperature-selection patterns were assessed for several life stages and frequency distributions for age 0 fish. More smallmouth bass were present in stream segments with HSF influence. Age 0 fish were twice as likely to be present in HSF stream segments. Older age classes were present in stream reaches independent of SF contribution. For all age classes, the use of particular CUs did not depend on SF influence. All age classes were more likely to be present in pools than other CUs. Microhabitat temperature selection differed among age classes. Age 0 fish selected warmer temperatures with a gradual shift towards cooler temperatures for older age classes. The length frequency of age 0 fish was skewed towards larger individuals in streams with limited SF influence, whereas the length frequency in HSF stream segments was skewed towards smaller individuals. The benefits of significant groundwater via SF influence seem to be related to increased hatch or survival of age 0 fish and the availability of optimal temperatures for adult smallmouth bass growth. Thermal refugia and stable flows provided by springs should be recognised for their biological potential to provide suitable habitat as climate change and other land-use alterations increase temperature regimes and alter flow patterns. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci West, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating), with substantial support from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Funding was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Field assistance was provided by Matt Mullins and Greg Wallace. Scott Sowa and Gust Annis assisted with GIS applications. The manuscript was improved by comments from Kerry Reeves, Emily Smith and Zachary Jackson. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1002/rra.1595 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200001 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Rogala, JR Houser, JN AF Gray, B. R. Rogala, J. R. Houser, J. N. TI TREATING FLOODPLAIN LAKES OF LARGE RIVERS AS STUDY UNITS FOR VARIABLES THAT VARY WITHIN LAKES; AN EVALUATION USING CHLOROPHYLL A AND INORGANIC SUSPENDED SOLIDS DATA FROM FLOODPLAIN LAKES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE backwater lakes; chlorophyll a; habitat heterogeneity; hierarchical models; inorganic suspended solids; Mississippi River ID PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; NATURAL-RESOURCES; CONNECTIVITY; LEVEL; WATER; NUTRIENTS; ABUNDANCE; ISSUES; AGE; USA AB Contiguous floodplain lakes (lakes') have historically been used as study units for comparative studies of limnological variables that vary within lakes. The hierarchical nature of these studies implies that study variables may be correlated within lakes and that covariate associations may differ not only among lakes but also by spatial scale. We evaluated the utility of treating lakes as study units for limnological variables that vary within lakes based on the criteria of important levels of among-lake variation in study variables and the observation of covariate associations that vary among lakes. These concerns were selected, respectively, to ensure that lake signatures were distinguishable from within-lake variation and that lake-scale effects on covariate associations might provide inferences not available by ignoring those effects. Study data represented chlorophyll a (CHL) and inorganic suspended solids (ISS) data from lakes within three reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Sampling occurred in summer from 1993 through 2005 (except 2003); numbers of lakes per reach varied from 7 to 19, and median lake area varied from 53 to 101ha. CHL and ISS levels were modelled linearly, with lake, year and lakexyear effects treated as random. For all reaches, the proportions of variation in CHL and ISS attributable to differences among lakes (including lake and lakexyear effects) were substantial (range: 18%73%). Finally, among-lake variation in CHL and ISS was strongly associated with covariates and covariate effects that varied by lakes or lake-years (including with vegetation levels and, for CHL, log(ISS)). These findings demonstrate the utility of treating floodplain lakes as study units for the study of limnological variables and the importance of addressing hierarchy within study designs when making inferences from data collected within floodplain lakes. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gray, B. R.; Rogala, J. R.; Houser, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Long Term Resource Management Program FX We thank Dale Glaser for an early analysis of the full data set and Wayne Thogmartin for a helpful review of an early draft. This study was funded by the Long Term Resource Management Program. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1002/rra.1603 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200005 ER PT J AU Waddle, TJ Holmquist, JG AF Waddle, T. J. Holmquist, J. G. TI MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSE TO FLOW CHANGES IN A SUBALPINE STREAM: PREDICTIONS FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrate; two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; Sierra Nevada; abstraction; discharge ID NEW-ZEALAND RIVER; INSTREAM FLOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE; MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES; INCREMENTAL METHODOLOGY; HABITAT SUITABILITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTH-AMERICA; INVERTEBRATES AB Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are being used increasingly as alternatives to traditional one-dimensional instream flow methodologies for assessing adequacy of flow and associated faunal habitat. Two-dimensional modelling of habitat has focused primarily on fishes, but fish-based assessments may not model benthic macroinvertebrate habitat effectively. We extend two-dimensional techniques to a macroinvertebrate assemblage in a high-elevation stream in the Sierra Nevada (Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River, Yosemite National Park, CA, USA). This stream frequently flows at less than 0.03m3s1 in late summer and is representative of a common water abstraction scenario: maximum water abstraction coinciding with seasonally low flows. We used two-dimensional modelling to predict invertebrate responses to reduced flows that might result from increased abstraction. We collected site-specific field data on the macroinvertebrate assemblage, bed topography and flow conditions and then coupled a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with macroinvertebrate indices to evaluate habitat across a range of low flows. Macroinvertebrate indices were calculated for the wetted area at each flow. A surrogate flow record based on an adjacent watershed was used to evaluate frequency and duration of low flow events. Using surrogate historical records, we estimated that flow should fall below 0.071m3s1 at least 1day in 82 of 95years and below 0.028m3s1 in 48 of 95years. Invertebrate metric means indicated minor losses in response to modelled discharge reductions, but wetted area decreased substantially. Responses of invertebrates to water abstraction will likely be a function of changing habitat quantity rather than quality. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Waddle, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Holmquist, J. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Waddle, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waddlet@usgs.gov RI Holmquist, Jeffrey/H-3188-2011 OI Holmquist, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3198-6338 FU IA [F8813090088]; NPS [J8R07090011] FX We thank Jim Roche (Yosemite National Park Hydrologist) for his support throughout this project. Physical data collection for this project was ably assisted and facilitated by Chris Holmquist-Johnson and Leanne Hanson of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) and Jennifer Erxleben of the National Park Service. We had excellent ecological field and lab assistance from Jutta Schmidt-Gengenbach (taxonomy) and Marie French (sample sorting). Thoughtful comments by Richard McDonald, Travis Schmidt, William Miller and an anonymous reviewer improved the paper. This work was supported by IA no. F8813090088 to the Fort Collins Science Center, USGS and NPS no. J8R07090011 to the University of California-White Mountain Research Station. The WMRS portion of this work was also supported by the Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit with the help of Angela Evenden. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 366 EP 379 DI 10.1002/rra.1607 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200008 ER PT J AU Kaeding, LR AF Kaeding, L. R. TI A CLIMATE-BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING-STREAM HYDROLOGY SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stream hydrology; discharge; temperature; climate effects; cutthroat trout; spawning season ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE RIVER; VARIABILITY AB Reproductive success of stream-spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long-term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning-season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water-year degree-days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature>0 degrees C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi-month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age-structured model of the lacustrineadfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long-term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kaeding, L. R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kaeding, L. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Nat Fishes Management, Montana Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Kaeding, LR (reprint author), 669 Stonegate Dr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM KaedingL@aol.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX I thank the many persons who contributed to this study. Pat Bigelow, Glenn Boltz, Phil Doepke, Brian Ertel, Ann Rodman, Shannon Savage and Mariah Talbott helped assemble data or provided GIS assistance. Phil Farnes contributed important data. Jim Mogen prepared several of the figures. Gregor Auble, Pat Bigelow and Phil Farnes, as well as doctoral committee members Bob Garrott, Dan Goodman (chairman), Bob Gresswell, Todd Koel, Tom McMahon, Jim Robison-Cox and John Sheppard, provided constructive comments on a preceding version of this report, when it constituted a chapter in the work by Kaeding (2010). Beth Kaeding provided important editorial assistance. Anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that greatly improved the final manuscript. Funding for this study was partly provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; important agency support and encouragement were provided by Ron Skates and Mike Stempel. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1002/rra.1606 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200009 ER PT J AU Thomas, JT Culler, ME Dermisis, DC Pierce, CL Papanicolaou, ANT Stewart, TW Larson, CJ AF Thomas, J. T. Culler, M. E. Dermisis, D. C. Pierce, C. L. Papanicolaou, A. N. (Thanos) Stewart, T. W. Larson, C. J. TI EFFECTS OF GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES ON FISH PASSAGE, BIOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES AND HYDRAULIC ENVIRONMENTS IN WESTERN IOWA STREAMS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biotic integrity; fish assemblages; fish passage; grade control structures; hydraulic characteristics ID CHANNEL INCISION; PHYSICAL HABITAT; RIVER; REHABILITATION; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; SCIENCE; WEIRS; INDEX AB Land use changes and channelization of streams in the deep loess region of western Iowa have led to stream channel incision, altered flow regimes, increased sediment inputs, decreased habitat diversity and reduced lateral connectivity of streams and floodplains. Grade control structures (GCSs) are built in streams to prevent further erosion, protect infrastructure and reduce sediment loads. However, GCS can have a detrimental impact on fisheries and biological communities. We review three complementary biological and hydraulic studies on the effects of GCS in these streams. GCS with steep (1:4 rise:run) downstream slopes severely limited fish passage, but GCS with gentle slopes (1:15) allowed greater passage. Fish assemblages were dominated by species tolerant of degradation, and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores were indicative of fair or poor biotic integrity. More than 50% of fish species had truncated distributions. After modification of GCS to reduce slopes and permit increased passage, IBI scores increased and several species were detected further upstream than before modification. Total macroinvertebrate density, biomass and taxonomic diversity and abundance of ecologically sensitive taxa were greater at GCS than in reaches immediately upstream, downstream or 1km from GCS. A hydraulic study confirmed results from fish passage studies; minimum depths and maximum current velocities at GCS with gentle slopes (1:15) were more likely to meet minimum criteria for catfish passage than GCS with steeper slopes. Multidisciplinary approaches such as ours will increase understanding of GCS-associated factors influencing fish passage, biological assemblage structure and other ecological relationships in streams. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Thomas, J. T.] Hungry Canyons Alliance, Golden Hills RC&D Off, Oakland, IA 51560 USA. [Culler, M. E.] Missouri Dept Nat Resources, Macon, MO 63552 USA. [Dermisis, D. C.; Papanicolaou, A. N. (Thanos)] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Pierce, C. L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stewart, T. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Larson, C. J.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Lewis, IA 51544 USA. RP Thomas, JT (reprint author), Hungry Canyons Alliance, Golden Hills RC&D Off, POB 189, Oakland, IA 51560 USA. EM john@goldenhillsrcd.org FU Hungry Canyons Alliance; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Department of Transportation; Iowa State University; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank the Hungry Canyons Alliance and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for their cooperation and foresight in commissioning these interdisciplinary studies. The studies reviewed were funded by Hungry Canyons Alliance, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa State University, US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1002/rra.1600 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200010 ER PT J AU Hauksson, E Stock, J Bilham, R Boese, M Chen, XW Fielding, EJ Galetzka, J Hudnut, KW Hutton, K Jones, LM Kanamori, H Shearer, PM Steidl, J Treiman, J Wei, SJ Yang, WZ AF Hauksson, Egill Stock, Joann Bilham, Roger Boese, Maren Chen, Xiaowei Fielding, Eric J. Galetzka, John Hudnut, Kenneth W. Hutton, Kate Jones, Lucile M. Kanamori, Hiroo Shearer, Peter M. Steidl, Jamie Treiman, Jerry Wei, Shengji Yang, Wenzheng TI Report on the August 2012 Brawley Earthquake Swarm in Imperial Valley, Southern California SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; SALTON TROUGH; FOCAL MECHANISMS; NOVEMBER 1987; SAN-ANDREAS; FAULT; RUPTURE; INVERSION; ZIRCON C1 [Hauksson, Egill; Stock, Joann; Boese, Maren; Galetzka, John; Hutton, Kate; Kanamori, Hiroo; Wei, Shengji; Yang, Wenzheng] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, Xiaowei; Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Jones, Lucile M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Steidl, Jamie] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Hauksson, E (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hauksson@caltech.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Stock, Joann Miriam/0000-0003-4816-7865; Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program/USGS [12HQPA0001]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0529922, 07HQAG0008]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area; NSF [OCE-0742253]; Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation program of the NSF [CMMI-0927178] FX We thank the personnel of the United States Geological Survey (USGS)-California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) for picking the arrival times and archiving the seismograms and the Southern California Earthquake Data Center for distributing the data. TerraSAR-X data are copyright 2012 DLR and were provided under the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) Geohazard Supersite program project prlund_GEO0927. E. Hauksson and W. Yang were supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program/USGS Grant 12HQPA0001. This research was also supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. This paper is Contribution 1678 of SCEC and Contribution 10083 of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, California.; We thank K. Marty (Imperial Valley College) and S. Williams (consulting geologist from Imperial, California) for help with fieldwork. The high-rate GPS data were processed and provided by S. Owen from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Part of this research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the JPL, Caltech. We thank G. Fuis and D. Hill for reviews and J. Hole for valuable discussions about the tectonics and velocity structure. J. Stock's participation was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0742253.; The University of California at Santa Barbara operates the Wildlife Liquefaction Array facility, with funding through the George E. Brown, Jr., Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation program of the NSF under Award CMMI-0927178. Most figures were done using GMT (Wessel and Smith, 1998). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1785/0220120169 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 101AP UT WOS:000315747800003 ER PT J AU Koontz, L Hoag, D DeLong, D AF Koontz, Lynne Hoag, Dana DeLong, Don TI Disparate Stakeholder Management: The Case of Elk and Bison Feeding in Southern Greater Yellowstone SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; POLITICAL-ECONOMY; PREFERENCES AB For resource decisions to make the most possible progress toward achieving agency mandates, managers must work with stakeholders and may need to at least partially accommodate some of their key underlying interests. To accommodate stakeholder interests, while also substantively working toward fulfilling legal mandates, managers must understand the sociopolitical factors that influence the decision-making process. We coin the phrase disparate stakeholder management (DSM) to describe situations with disparate stakeholders and disparate management solutions. A DSM approach (DSMA) requires decision makers to combine concepts from many sciences, thus releasing them from disciplinary bonds that often constrain innovation and effectiveness. We combined three distinct approaches to develop a DSMA that assisted in developing a comprehensive range of elk and bison management alternatives in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Area. The DSMA illustrated the extent of compromise between meeting legal agency mandates and accommodating the preferences of certain stakeholder groups. C1 [Koontz, Lynne] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hoag, Dana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeLong, Don] US Forest Serv, USDA, Afton, WY USA. RP Koontz, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM koontzl@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1080/08941920.2012.701371 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 100DP UT WOS:000315676300007 ER PT J AU Alfermann, TJ Miranda, LE AF Alfermann, T. J. Miranda, L. E. TI Centrarchid Assemblages in Floodplain Lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WATER-QUALITY; OXBOW LAKES; RIVER; DIVERSITY; CONNECTIVITY; TURBIDITY; PATTERNS; SUNFISH AB The family Centrarchidae is a principal and visible component of the ichthyofauna in most warmwater ecosystems in North America, and many of its species provide key recreational fisheries. We examined the significance of various local environmental factors to 13 centrarchid species in 53 floodplain lakes (remnant channels) of the Mississippi alluvial valley to identify major environmental gradients influential in structuring centrarchid assemblages. With few exceptions, changes in forest representation in the land cover, both in the lakeshore and the catchment, had the strongest associations with centrarchid assemblages. Other influential factors included depth, water clarity, and primary productivity. Connectivity to adjacent streams was weakly correlated with centrarchid assemblage structure and correlated only with a small number of species. Lake area did not appear to affect centrarchid assemblages. Recognition that land cover has the strongest correlation with centrarchid assemblage composition suggests a landscape basis for developing management plans. However, conservation and restoration of native centrarchid assemblages in these unique ecosystems will require both watershed management to curtail inputs and in-lake management to reverse years of neglect. Received July 13, 2012; accepted October 15, 2012 C1 [Alfermann, T. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Coll Forest Resources, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through K. J. Killgore, Mississippi State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank N. Aycock, D. Dembkowski, J. Dagel, R. Krogman, S. Miyazono, C. Steffen, and S. Wigen for assistance with field work and D. Dembkowski, M. Quist, and D. Shoup for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.741553 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900001 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Deweber, JT Detar, J Sweka, JA AF Wagner, Tyler Deweber, Jefferson T. Detar, Jason Sweka, John A. TI Landscape-Scale Evaluation of Asymmetric Interactions between Brown Trout and Brook Trout Using Two-Species Occupancy Models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MINNESOTA STREAM; UNITED-STATES; FISH; IMPACTS; INVASION AB Predicting the distribution of native stream fishes is fundamental to the management and conservation of many species. Modeling species distributions often consists of quantifying relationships between species occurrence and abundance data at known locations with environmental data at those locations. However, it is well documented that native stream fish distributions can be altered as a result of asymmetric interactions between dominant exotic and subordinate native species. For example, the naturalized exotic Brown Trout Salmo trutta has been identified as a threat to native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the eastern United States. To evaluate large-scale patterns of co-occurrence and to quantify the potential effects of Brown Trout presence on Brook Trout occupancy, we used data from 624 stream sites to fit two-species occupancy models. These models assumed that asymmetric interactions occurred between the two species. In addition, we examined natural and anthropogenic landscape characteristics we hypothesized would be important predictors of occurrence of both species. Estimated occupancy for Brook Trout, from a co-occurrence model with no landscape covariates, at sites with Brown Trout present was substantially lower than sites where Brown Trout were absent. We also observed opposing patterns for Brook and Brown Trout occurrence in relation to percentage forest, impervious surface, and agriculture within the network catchment. Our results are consistent with other studies and suggest that alterations to the landscape, and specifically the transition from a forested catchment to one that contains impervious surface or agriculture, reduces the occurrence probability of wild Brook Trout. Our results, however, also suggest that the presence of Brown Trout results in lower occurrence probability of Brook Trout over a range of anthropogenic landscape characteristics, compared with streams where Brown Trout were absent. Received June 20, 2012; accepted September 25, 2012 C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Deweber, Jefferson T.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Detar, Jason] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu OI DeWeber, Jefferson/0000-0001-5840-8488 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.734892 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900004 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GR Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Warner, DM Claramunt, RM AF Jacobs, Gregory R. Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Warner, David M. Claramunt, Randall M. TI Chinook Salmon Foraging Patterns in a Changing Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; TAG RECOVERIES; HURON; PREY; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Since Pacific salmon stocking began in Lake Michigan, managers have attempted to maintain salmon abundance at high levels within what can be sustained by available prey fishes, primarily Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are the primary apex predators in pelagic Lake Michigan and patterns in their prey selection (by species and size) may strongly influence pelagic prey fish communities in any given year. In 19941996, there were larger Alewives, relatively more abundant alternative prey species, fewer Chinook Salmon, and fewer invasive species in Lake Michigan than in 20092010. The years 20092010 were instead characterized by smaller, leaner Alewives, fewer alternative prey species, higher abundance of Chinook Salmon, a firmly established nonnative benthic community, and reduced abundance of Diporeia, an important food of Lake Michigan prey fish. We characterized Chinook Salmon diets, prey species selectivity, and prey size selectivity between 19941996 and 20092010 time periods. In 19941996, Alewife as prey represented a smaller percentage of Chinook Salmon diets than in 20092010, when alewife comprised over 90% of Chinook Salmon diets, possibly due to declines in alternative prey fish populations. The size of Alewives eaten by Chinook Salmon also decreased between these two time periods. For the largest Chinook Salmon in 20092010, the average size of Alewife prey was nearly 50mm total length shorter than in 19941996. We suggest that changes in the Lake Michigan food web, such as the decline in Diporeia, may have contributed to the relatively low abundance of large Alewives during the late 2000s by heightening the effect of predation from top predators like Chinook Salmon, which have retained a preference for Alewife and now forage with greater frequency on smaller Alewives. Received March 24, 2012; accepted October 1, 2012 C1 [Jacobs, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. RP Jacobs, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, 227 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gregory_jacobs@fws.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.739981 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900005 ER PT J AU Recsetar, MS Bonar, SA AF Recsetar, Matthew S. Bonar, Scott A. TI Survival of Apache Trout Eggs and Alevins under Static and Fluctuating Temperature Regimes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; BROOK TROUT; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; SALMON; TOLERANCE; FISHES; SYSTEM; TIME AB Increased stream temperatures due to global climate change, livestock grazing, removal of riparian cover, reduction of stream flow, and urbanization will have important implications for fishes worldwide. Information exists that describes the effects of elevated water temperatures on fish eggs, but less information is available on the effects of fluctuating water temperatures on egg survival, especially those of threatened and endangered species. We tested the posthatch survival of eyed eggs and alevins of Apache Trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache, a threatened salmonid, in static temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 degrees C, and also in treatments with diel fluctuations of +/- 3 degrees C around those temperatures. The LT50 for posthatch survival of Apache Trout eyed eggs and alevins was 17.1 degrees C for static temperatures treatments and 17.9 degrees C for the midpoints of +/- 3 degrees C fluctuating temperature treatments. There was no significant difference in survival between static temperatures and fluctuating temperatures that shared the same mean temperature, yet there was a slight difference in LT50s. Upper thermal tolerance of Apache Trout eyed eggs and alevins is much lower than that of fry to adult life stages (2223 degrees C). Information on thermal tolerance of early life stages (eyed egg and alevin) will be valuable to those restoring streams or investigating thermal tolerances of imperiled fishes. Received December 1, 2011; accepted October 12, 2012 C1 [Recsetar, Matthew S.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 104 Biosci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee procedures [10-146] FX We thank the staffs at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Williams Creek-Alchesay National Fish Hatchery and the AZGFD Tonto Creek Fish Hatchery, in particular Phil Hines (USFWS) and John Diehl (AZGFD) for coordinating acquisition of the Apache Trout eggs from those hatcheries. We also thank Kelly Meyer and Scott Gurtin from AZGFD for their help in facilitating the use of the eggs. In addition, we thank Colleen Caldwell from the U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Amy Unthank from the U.S. Forest Service; Jeremy Voeltz, Stewart Jacks, and Paul Barrett from the USFWS; and Julie Carter and Mike Lopez from the AZGFD for project advice and collaboration. Olin Feuerbacher, University of Arizona, provided laboratory assistance and experimental advice, and Gaylen Bennett and Jeff Bliznick, University of Arizona, assisted with laboratory logistics. Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was conducted under University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee procedures under project number 10-146. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.741551 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900006 ER PT J AU Herbst, SJ Marsden, JE Lantry, BF AF Herbst, Seth J. Marsden, J. Ellen Lantry, Brian F. TI Lake Whitefish Diet, Condition, and Energy Density in Lake Champlain and the Lower Four Great Lakes following Dreissenid Invasions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; MICHIGAN; HURON; POPULATIONS; POLYMORPHA; MECHANISMS; ONTARIO; BENTHOS; GROWTH AB Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis support some of the most valuable commercial freshwater fisheries in North America. Recent growth and condition decreases in Lake Whitefish populations in the Great Lakes have been attributed to the invasion of the dreissenid mussels, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussels D.bugensis, and the subsequent collapse of the amphipod, Diporeia, a once-abundant high energy prey source. Since 1993, Lake Champlain has also experienced the invasion and proliferation of zebra mussels, but in contrast to the Great Lakes, Diporeia were not historically abundant. We compared the diet, condition, and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain after the dreissenid mussel invasion to values for those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Lake Whitefish were collected using gill nets and bottom trawls, and their diets were quantified seasonally. Condition was estimated using Fulton's condition factor (K) and by determining energy density. In contrast to Lake Whitefish from some of the Great Lakes, those from Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish did not show a dietary shift towards dreissenid mussels, but instead fed primarily on fish eggs in spring, Mysis diluviana in summer, and gastropods and sphaeriids in fall and winter. Along with these dietary differences, the condition and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain were high compared with those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario after the dreissenid invasion, and were similar to Lake Whitefish from Lake Erie; fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario consumed dreissenids, whereas fish from Lake Erie did not. Our comparisons of Lake Whitefish populations in Lake Champlain to those in the Great Lakes indicate that diet and condition of Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish were not negatively affected by the dreissenid mussel invasion. Received March 15, 2012; accepted November 5, 2012 C1 [Herbst, Seth J.; Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Marsden, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM ellen.marsden@uvm.edu FU NOAA FX We thank Mark Ebener (Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority), Tim Johnson, Jim Hoyle, and Lloyd Mohr (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), Chuck Madenjian and Steve Pothoven (U. S. Geological Survey, Ann Arbor, Michigan) for providing their unpublished Lake Whitefish data from the Great Lakes. We give special thanks to Ted Strang (U. S. Geological Survey, Oswego, New York) for sample processing and assistance with the bomb calorimeter. We also thank Steve Smith, Elias Rosenblatt, Neil Thompson, Josh Ashline, Kevin Osantowski, Lindsay Schwarting, and Joanna Hatt for assistance in the field and laboratory, and Richard Furbush, Joe Bartlett, and Rebecca Gorney for assistance with fish collection. Ruth Mickey and Alan Howard provided statistical advice. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA through the Lake Champlain Sea Grant Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1724 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 57 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.747991 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900008 ER PT J AU Friedl, SE Buckel, JA Hightower, JE Scharf, FS Pollock, KH AF Friedl, Sarah E. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. Scharf, Fred S. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Telemetry-Based Mortality Estimates of Juvenile Spot in Two North Carolina Estuarine Creeks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; NATURAL MORTALITY; STRIPED BASS; FISHING MORTALITY; NURSERY AREAS; TIDAL CREEKS; MARINE FISH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB We estimated natural mortality rates (M) of age-1 Spot Leiostomus xanthurus by using a sonic telemetry approach. Sonic transmitters were surgically implanted into a total of 123 age-1 Spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks during spring 2009 and 2010, and the fish were monitored by using a stationary acoustic receiver array and manual tracking. Fates of telemetered Spot were inferred based on telemetry information from estimated locations and swimming speeds. Potential competitors of age-1 Spot were assessed through simultaneous otter trawl sampling, while potential predators of Spot were collected using gill nets and trammel nets. The number of inferred natural mortalities was zero in 2009 (based on 29 telemetered Spot at risk) and four in 2010 (based on 52 fish at risk), with fish being at risk for up to about 70 d each year. Catches of potential competitors or predators did not differ between years, and age-1 Spot were not found in analyzed stomach contents of potential predators. Our estimated 30-d M of 0.03 (95% credible interval = 0.010.07) was lower than that predicted from weight-based (M = 0.07) and life-history-based (M = 0.060.36) estimates. Our field-based estimate of M for age-1 Spot in this estuarine system can assist in the assessment and management of Spot by allowing a direct comparison with M-values predicted from fish size or life history characteristics. The field telemetry and statistical analysis techniques developed here provide guidance for future telemetry studies of relatively small fish in open, dynamic habitat systems, as they highlight strengths and weaknesses of using a telemetry approach to estimate M. Received November 23, 2011; accepted September 11, 2012 C1 [Friedl, Sarah E.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scharf, Fred S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Friedl, SE (reprint author), Univ Florida, North Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM sefriedl@ufl.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MRD-57, R/10-HCE-1]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank all of the field personnel who assisted with the data collection and analysis, especially Tyler Averett, Cheston Peterson, Paul Rudershausen, Joe Facendola, Jon Vanderfleet, Ben Kornegay, and Melissa Brewer. We are grateful to Craig Harms, Eric Anderson, and Betsy Stringer for Spot surgical guidance and advice and to Craig Sullivan, Andrew McGinty, and Mike Hopper (Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory) for their assistance with and facility use for the Striped Bass experiment. We also thank Nate Bacheler and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and critical reviews of this manuscript. Funding was provided by North Carolina Sea Grant (R/MRD-57 and R/10-HCE-1). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.730108 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900009 ER PT J AU Allen, MS Rogers, MW Catalano, MJ Gwinn, DC Walsh, SJ AF Allen, Michael S. Rogers, Mark W. Catalano, Matthew J. Gwinn, Daniel C. Walsh, Stephen J. TI Assessing the Potential for the Angling of Nesting Males to Influence Largemouth Bass Recruitment Should Consider the Quality of Nesting Individuals: Response to Comment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; POPULATION; SUCCESS; SIZE C1 [Allen, Michael S.; Rogers, Mark W.; Catalano, Matthew J.; Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Walsh, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 North West 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM msal@ufl.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.730112 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900011 ER PT J AU O'Malley, KG Markle, DF Ardren, WR AF O'Malley, Kathleen G. Markle, Douglas F. Ardren, William R. TI Timing of Population Fragmentation in a Vulnerable Minnow, the Umpqua Chub, and the Role of Nonnative Predators SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION QUANTILES; OREGON CHUB; CONSERVATION; GENETICS; RIVER; PROGRAM; NUMBER AB We examined the distribution of Umpqua Chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti, an endemic, vulnerable minnow in western Oregon, and whether six ecological populations (based on distribution patterns) had sufficient genetic cohesion to be considered evolutionary populations. We also evaluated the influence of Holocene geological events and recent nonnative predator introductions on the timing of population formation or fragmentation. Based on data from 10 microsatellite loci, we found evidence for four evolutionary populations of Umpqua Chub. One population, in the Smith River, is isolated by the Umpqua estuary and is more than 100 river kilometers from the other three populations: Elk Creek, Calapooya CreekOlalla Creek, and Cow CreekSouth Umpqua River. Quantile regression was used to examine the timing of genetic divergence among evolutionary populations assuming a genetic isolation-by-distance model. The quantile regression suggested that the genetic differentiation index (F ST) should change by at least 0.0002/km; most fragmentation was recent and with similar timing, but the Smith River isolation event may have been about 24times older. We could not distinguish whether the timing of the Smith River isolation corresponded to the last major tsunami event or the introduction of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, a likely predator. All population fragmentation appears to be relatively recent, with the three upstream populations restricted to third- and fourth-order streams, most likely fragmented by either nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, which now dominate sixth-order streams, or in the case of Elk Creek, a dam. The mid-drainage CalapooyaOlalla population was the most genetically diverse and appeared to be a mix of the other populations, which showed a significant isolation-by-distance relationship to this population. We hypothesize that Umpqua Chub populations have formed and fragmented by peripheral isolation from a larger population, the remnant of which is the mid-drainage CalapooyaOlalla population. Received April 20, 2012; accepted August 25, 2012 C1 [O'Malley, Kathleen G.] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Markle, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 Southeast Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kathleen.omalley@oregonstate.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [13420-9-J907, E-2-54]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW); Oregon State University (OSU) FX Authorization to collect samples was permitted under OR2007-4043P, Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use permit 3407, and 4-d take permit 14762. Funding was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Grants 13420-9-J907 and E-2-54, along with in-kind match from Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Oregon State University (OSU). Funding for this work was initiated by Pete Baki (ODFW). Dave Simon (OSU) was instrumental in maintaining long-term interest in monitoring these fish. Holly Huchko (ODFW) and David Simon (OSU) led sampling efforts with field assistance from Caulder Lonie, Kalene Onikama, Jay Potter, Jonathan Pender, Jeff Young, Brian Jenkins, and Laura Jackson. Mark Terwilliger aged the fish, and Brian Bangs helped with the stream-order analysis. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.728166 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900014 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Liller, HL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Liller, Heather L. TI Environmental Correlates of Upstream Migration of Yellow-Phase American Eels in the Potomac River Drainage SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA LESUEUR; RHODE-ISLAND; ST-LAWRENCE; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY; STREAMS; MODELS AB Assessing the relationships between upstream migration and environmental variables is important to understanding the ecology of yellow-phase American Eels Anguilla rostrata. During an American Eel migration study within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American Eels at the Millville Dam eel ladder for three periods: 14 May23 July 2004, 730 September 2004, and 1 June31 July 2005. Using generalized estimating equations, we modeled each time series of daily American Eel counts by fitting time-varying environmental covariates of lunar illumination (LI), river discharge (RD), and water temperature (WT), including 1-d and 2-d lags of each covariate. Information-theoretic approaches were used for model selection and inference. A total of 4,847 American Eels (1974cm total length) used the ladder during the three periods, including 2,622 individuals during a 2-d span following a hurricane-induced peak in river discharge. Additive-effects models of RD + WT, a 2-d lag of LI + RD, and LI + RD were supported for the three periods, respectively. Parameter estimates were positive for river discharge for each time period, negative for lunar illumination for two periods and positive for water temperature during one period. Additive-effects models supported synergistic influences of environmental variables on the upstream migration of yellow-phase American Eels, although river discharge was consistently supported as an influential correlate of upstream migration. Received May 30, 2012; accepted November 20, 2012 C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Liller, Heather L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU Allegheny Energy Supply; Electric Power Research Institute; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX We thank K. Bledsoe, K. Hartman, and P. Mazik for manuscript reviews. Many people assisted with this project, including M. Braham, R. Braham, D. Dixon, G. Harbaugh, C. Horn, B. Lenz, L. Osier, K. Sheehan, and C. Simons. Funding was provided by Allegheny Energy Supply, Electric Power Research Institute, and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. The use of trade names or the mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.754788 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900017 ER PT J AU Mychek-Londer, JG Bunnell, DB Stott, W Diana, JS French, JRP Chriscinske, MA AF Mychek-Londer, Justin G. Bunnell, David B. Stott, Wendylee Diana, James S. French, John R. P., III Chriscinske, Margret A. TI Using Diets to Reveal Overlap and Egg Predation among Benthivorous Fishes in Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; COTTUS-COGNATUS; SLIMY SCULPIN; PISCIVOROUS FISHES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB Ecological stability in the Laurentian Great Lakes has been altered by nonindigenous species, such as the Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and dreissenid mussels, and by declines in native amphipods Diporeia spp. We evaluated whether these changes could influence diet overlap between three benthivorous fishes (Slimy Sculpin Cottus cognatus, Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, and Round Goby) and whether predation on eggs of native species was occurring. We examined diets of fish collected at depths of 69128m in Lake Michigan offshore of Frankfort and Muskegon, Michigan, and Two Rivers and Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, during JanuaryMay 2009 and 2010. Important prey (by dry weight proportion and by percent frequency of occurrence) for Slimy Sculpin were Mysis (0.34; 45%), Diporeia (0.16; 34%), and Limnocalanus macrurus (0.22; 68%); important prey for Deepwater Sculpin were Mysis (0.74; 92%) and Diporeia (0.16; 54%). Round Goby consumed mainly bivalves (i.e., dreissenids: 0.68; 95%) and Mysis (0.15; 37%). The two sculpin species consumed the eggs of Bloaters Coregonus hoyi (Slimy Sculpin: 0.04, 11%; Deepwater Sculpin: 0.02, 7%) and the eggs of Deepwater Sculpin (Slimy Sculpin: 0.03, 13%; Deepwater Sculpin: 0.05, 16%) during FebruaryMay at all sites. Round Goby also consumed eggs of these species but at lower levels (0.01; <1%). Diet overlap was identified between sculpin species at Frankfort and Sturgeon Bay, suggesting possible interspecific competition, but their diets did not overlap at Two Rivers; diet overlap was never observed between Round Goby and either sculpin species. Given that (1) diet overlap varied by site and (2) diet proportions varied spatially more than temporally, benthivores appear to be exhibiting localized responses to recent ecological changes. Overall, these results reveal that egg predation and interspecific competition could be important interactions to consider in future examinations of the population dynamics of these species or in ecosystem models that forecast how fisheries will respond to possible perturbations or management scenarios. Received April 24, 2012; accepted November 23, 2012 C1 [Mychek-Londer, Justin G.; Diana, James S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Stott, Wendylee; French, John R. P., III; Chriscinske, Margret A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Mychek-Londer, JG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jglonder@gmail.com OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and by the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. We appreciate assistance provided by Vincent Belill, Mark Rogers, Kevin Keeler, Betsy Puchala, Greg Jacobs, Lynn Ogilvie, Bruce Davis, Dave Bennion, and Barbara Diana. We thank the dedicated crews of the RV Grayling and RV Sturgeon as well as the Susie Q Commercial Fishery staff for their assistance in fish collection during winter and spring. We also thank Steven Pothoven for providing sculpins from Muskegon. This article is Contribution 1730 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 109 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.756431 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900018 ER PT J AU Nekola, JC Allen, CD Brown, JH Burger, JR Davidson, AD Fristoe, TS Hamilton, MJ Hammond, ST Kodric-Brown, A Mercado-Silva, N Okie, JG AF Nekola, Jeffrey C. Allen, Craig D. Brown, James H. Burger, Joseph R. Davidson, Ana D. Fristoe, Trevor S. Hamilton, Marcus J. Hammond, Sean T. Kodric-Brown, Astrid Mercado-Silva, Norman Okie, Jordan G. TI The Malthusian-Darwinian dynamic and the trajectory of civilization SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE resource limitation; behavioral constraints; sustainability science; macroecology; evolutionary biology ID POPULATION; COMMONS AB Two interacting forces influence all populations: the Malthusian dynamic of exponential growth until resource limits are reached, and the Darwinian dynamic of innovation and adaptation to circumvent these limits through biological and/or cultural evolution. The specific manifestations of these forces in modern human society provide an important context for determining how humans can establish a sustainable relationship with the finite Earth. C1 [Nekola, Jeffrey C.; Brown, James H.; Burger, Joseph R.; Davidson, Ana D.; Fristoe, Trevor S.; Hamilton, Marcus J.; Hammond, Sean T.; Kodric-Brown, Astrid; Mercado-Silva, Norman; Okie, Jordan G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brown, James H.; Hamilton, Marcus J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Davidson, Ana D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hamilton, Marcus J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Okie, Jordan G.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Nekola, JC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jnekola@unm.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.12.001 PG 4 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 106QS UT WOS:000316160400001 PM 23290501 ER PT J AU Cao, XY Birdwell, JE Chappell, MA Li, Y Pignatello, JJ Mao, JD AF Cao, Xiaoyan Birdwell, Justin E. Chappell, Mark A. Li, Yuan Pignatello, Joseph J. Mao, Jingdong TI Characterization of oil shale, isolated kerogen, and postpyrolysis residues using advanced C-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL MATURATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MAS NMR; PYROLYSIS; CARBON; DEGRADATION; MATTER AB Characterization of oil shale kerogen and organic residues remaining in postpyrolysis spent shale is critical to the understanding of the oil generation process and approaches to dealing with issues related to spent shale. The chemical structure of organic matter in raw oil shale and spent shale samples was examined in this study using advanced solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Oil shale was collected from Mahogany zone outcrops in the Piceance Basin. Five samples were analyzed: (1) raw oil shale, (2) isolated kerogen, (3) oil shale extracted with chloroform, (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500 degrees C to mimic surface retorting, and (5) oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360 degrees C to simulate in-situ retorting. The NMR methods applied included quantitative direct polarization with magic-angle spinning at 13 kHz, cross polarization with total sideband suppression, dipolar dephasing, CHn selection, C-13 chemical shift anisotropy filtering, and H-1-C-13 long-range recoupled dipolar dephasing. The NMR results showed that, relative to the raw oil shale, (1) bitumen extraction and kerogen isolation by demineralization removed some oxygen-containing and alkyl moieties; (2) unpyrolyzed samples had low aromatic condensation; (3) oil shale pyrolysis removed aliphatic moieties, leaving behind residues enriched in aromatic carbon; and (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500 degrees C contained larger aromatic clusters and more protonated aromatic moieties than oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360 degrees C, which contained more total aromatic carbon with a wide range of cluster sizes. C1 [Cao, Xiaoyan; Li, Yuan; Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chappell, Mark A.] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Pignatello, Joseph J.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Cao, XY (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM xcao@odu.edu; jbirdwell@usgs.gov; mark.a.chappell@usace.army.mil; yxxli001@odu.edu; joseph.pignatello@ct.gov; jmao@odu.edu RI Cao, Xiaoyan/E-3492-2012; OI Cao, Xiaoyan/0000-0001-7571-6482; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0853950, CBET-0853682] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (CBET-0853950 and CBET-0853682) for financial support. We also thank the following colleagues for their assistance with the various experimental aspects of this work: Mike Lewan (ISS pyrolysis experiments, kerogen isolation, and sample collection) and Ron Hill (sample collection). The results presented in the manuscript were first publicized at the 28th Annual Meeting of The Society for Organic Petrology held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, July 31 to August 4, 2011. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 97 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1306/09101211189 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 100ZS UT WOS:000315745100004 ER PT J AU Keshtpoor, M Puleo, JA Gebert, J Plant, NG AF Keshtpoor, Mohammad Puleo, Jack A. Gebert, Jeffrey Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Beach response to a fixed sand bypassing system SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHORELINE VARIABILITY; DOWNDRIFT EROSION; INLET; EVOLUTION AB Indian River Inlet is located at roughly the mid-point of the Atlantic coast of Delaware and connects the ocean to two Delaware inland bays. jetties constructed in 1940 have maintained the inlet for navigation purposes but have also acted as a barrier to net northerly alongshore sediment transport causing downdrift erosion. A mobile, land-based bypassing system was initiated in 1990 in an effort to counteract this erosion. Beach profile data from 1985 (pre-bypassing) until 2008 are used to investigate the effect of the sand bypassing system on beaches adjacent to the inlet. The downdrift beach experienced horizontal shoreline erosion between 10 and 60 m during the pre-bypassing period but accreted 10-20 m during the bypassing period. The mean shoreline location on the updrift beach during bypassing is 10-20 m landward (erosion) of its position during the pre-bypassing period. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) amplitudes from analyses performed on mean-removed elevation surfaces during the periods of highest bypassed volume (average of 83% of design rate) showed that the influence of the bypassing system on the downdrift beach extends to about 1500 m of the inlet. An EOF analysis showed that different morphologic responses were evident following the initiation of bypass operations. Temporal variations of shoreline and beach morphology were correlated to the temporal variations in bypassing rates on the downdrift beach only. The downdrift beach response was greatest near the inlet for larger bypassing volumes. Correlation in these instances occurred with a roughly 1-year time lag suggesting that the beach quickly redistributes the bypassed sand. EOF amplitude and shoreline response are weakly correlated to bypassed volumes when the system bypassed smaller volumes (average of 56% of design rate) of sand suggesting that there is a minimum bypassing rate, regardless of yearly variability, below which the effect on the downdrift beach is obscured. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keshtpoor, Mohammad; Puleo, Jack A.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gebert, Jeffrey] USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Planning Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Keshtpoor, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mkesht@udel.edu; jpuleo@udel.edu; Jeffrey.A.Gebert@usace.army.mil; nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control; University of Delaware; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Department of Commerce [R/ETE-14] FX This work was funded by the Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the University of Delaware. Additional funds were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Department of Commerce under award number R/ETE-14. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. We thank two reviewers that provided detailed comments to improve the clarity of this paper. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 73 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.09.006 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 099IO UT WOS:000315614900004 ER PT J AU Waldman, JR King, T Savoy, T Maceda, L Grunwald, C Wirgin, I AF Waldman, John R. King, Tim Savoy, Tom Maceda, Lorraine Grunwald, Cheryl Wirgin, Isaac TI Stock Origins of Subadult and Adult Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, in a Non-natal Estuary, Long Island Sound SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic sturgeon; Anadromous; Estuary; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellites; Mixed-stock analysis ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONNECTICUT WATERS; GULF STURGEON; HABITAT USE; NEW-YORK; MICROSATELLITE; RIVER; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; COAST AB The anadromous acipenserid Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus was listed in 2012 under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as having four endangered and one threatened distinct population segment (DPS) in American waters. Anthropogenic activities outside of natal estuaries, particularly bycatch, may hinder the abilities of some populations to rebuild. Most Atlantic sturgeon are residential for their first 2-6 years within their natal estuaries, whereas older subadults and adults may migrate to non-natal estuaries and coastal locations. Previous studies demonstrated that subadults and adults aggregate during summer at locations in Long Island Sound (LIS) and its tributary, the Connecticut River; however, the population origin of these fish is unknown. Because of its geographic proximity and relatively robust population, we hypothesized that the LIS and Connecticut River aggregations were almost solely derived from the Hudson River. We used microsatellite nuclear DNA analysis at 11 loci and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analyses to estimate the relative contributions of nine Atlantic sturgeon populations and the five DPS to these aggregations using individual-based assignment tests and mixed-stock analysis. From 64 to 73 % of specimens from LIS were estimated to be of Hudson origin. Similarly, 66-76 % of specimens from the Connecticut River were of Hudson origin. However, moderate numbers of specimens were detected from distant spawning populations in the southeastern DPS and from two populations once thought to be extirpated or nearly so, the James River (6-7.3 %), and the Delaware River (7.6-12 %). Additionally, specimens were detected from all five DPS in both the LIS and Connecticut River collections. These results highlight the difficulty of evaluating the status of individual Atlantic sturgeon populations because of the propensity of subadults and adults to migrate for extended duration to distant sites where they may be vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. C1 [Waldman, John R.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [King, Tim] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Savoy, Tom] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Marine Fisheries Div, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Maceda, Lorraine; Grunwald, Cheryl; Wirgin, Isaac] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM Isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU New York Sea Grant [R/XG-20]; Northeast Region of NOAA Fisheries; Molecular Facilities Core of NIEHS Center [ES00260]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center FX We acknowledge support of grant no. R/XG-20 from New York Sea Grant, the Northeast Region of NOAA Fisheries, the Molecular Facilities Core of NIEHS Center Grant ES00260, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a State Wildlife Grant to the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Marine Fisheries Division, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9573-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000003 ER PT J AU Morgan-King, TL Schoellhamer, DH AF Morgan-King, Tara L. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Suspended-Sediment Flux and Retention in a Backwater Tidal Slough Complex near the Landward Boundary of an Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment; Sediment transport; Turbidity; Sediment retention; Tidal asymmetry; Tidal slough ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; ZEALAND LOWLAND STREAM; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TAMAR ESTUARY; TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; WATER; PATTERNS AB Backwater tidal sloughs are commonly found at the landward boundary of estuaries. The Cache Slough complex is a backwater tidal region within the Upper Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that includes two features that are relevant for resource managers: (1) relatively high abundance of the endangered fish, delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), which prefers turbid water and (2) a recently flooded shallow island, Liberty Island, that is a prototype for habitat restoration. We characterized the turbidity around Liberty Island by measuring suspended-sediment flux at four locations from July 2008 through December 2010. An estuarine turbidity maximum in the backwater Cache Slough complex is created by tidal asymmetry, a limited tidal excursion, and wind-wave resuspension. During the study, there was a net export of sediment, though sediment accumulates within the region from landward tidal transport during the dry season. Sediment is continually resuspended by both wind waves and flood tide currents. The suspended-sediment mass oscillates within the region until winter freshwater flow pulses flush it seaward. The hydrodynamic characteristics within the backwater region such as low freshwater flow during the dry season, flood tide dominance, and a limited tidal excursion favor sediment retention. C1 [Morgan-King, Tara L.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Morgan-King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall 6000J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tamorgan@usgs.gov FU Interagency Ecological Program FX We would like to thank those who helped collect this data: Paul Buchanan, Mike Farber, Jessica Wood, Amber Forest, Robert Wilson, and Daniel Whealdon-Haught. We are also grateful for the collaboration with California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento for this work (also providing discharge for UCS) with funding provided by the Interagency Ecological Program. We also appreciate the cooperation of the Solano County Water Agency. We thank Ted Sommer, Neil Ganju, Dr. Johnson U. Kitheka and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 300 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9574-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000006 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Foreword to the Special Issue on Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] STAR NESDIS NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2240331 PN 1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900001 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Overview of Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; comparison; constellations; correction; cross-calibration; Earth Observing (EO) System; infrared; intercalibration; international collaboration; microwave; monitoring; radiometric calibration; reflective solar band (RSB); satellite; satellites; thermal infrared; traceability; validation; visible ID IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE BIASES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION AB Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes in the Earth's environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and monitoring climate and land cover change. These applications use data from many satellites; for the data to be interoperable, the instruments must be cross-calibrated. To meet the stringent needs of such applications, instruments must provide reliable, accurate, and consistent measurements over time. Robust techniques are required to ensure that observations from different instruments can be normalized to a common scale that the community agrees on. The long-term reliability of this process needs to be sustained in accordance with established reference standards and best practices. Furthermore, establishing physical meaning to the information through robust Systeme International d'unites traceable calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is essential to fully understand the parameters under observation. The processes of calibration, correction, stability monitoring, and quality assurance need to be underpinned and evidenced by comparison with "peer instruments" and, ideally, highly calibrated in-orbit reference instruments. Intercalibration between instruments is a central pillar of the Cal/Val strategies of many national and international satellite remote sensing organizations. Intercalibration techniques as outlined in this paper not only provide a practical means of identifying and correcting relative biases in radiometric calibration between instruments but also enable potential data gaps between measurement records in a critical time series to be bridged. Use of a robust set of internationally agreed upon and coordinated inter-calibration techniques will lead to significant improvement in the consistency between satellite instruments and facilitate accurate monitoring of the Earth's climate at uncertainty levels needed to detect and attribute the mechanisms of change. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of postlaunch radiometric calibration of remote sensing satellite instruments through intercalibration. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the National Metrology Institutes. NR 241 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1056 EP 1080 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228654 PN 1 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900002 ER PT J AU Kessler, PD Killough, BD Gowda, S Williams, BR Chander, G Qu, M AF Kessler, Paul D. Killough, Brian D. Gowda, Sanjay Williams, Brian R. Chander, Gyanesh Qu, Min TI CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE) Tool for Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Acquisition; calibration; CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE); Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS); coincident ground observation; Google; iPad; iPhone; satellites; Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4); Systems Tool Kit (STK); swath; Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) AB Increasingly, data from multiple instruments are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Intercalibration, comparison, and coordination of satellite instrument coverage areas is a critical effort of international and domestic space agencies and organizations. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Visualization Environment (COVE) is a suite of browser-based applications that leverage Google Earth to display past, present, and future satellite instrument coverage areas and coincident calibration opportunities. This forecasting and ground coverage analysis and visualization capability greatly benefits the remote sensing calibration community in preparation for multisatellite ground calibration campaigns or individual satellite calibration studies. COVE has been developed for use by a broad international community to improve the efficiency and efficacy of such calibration planning efforts, whether those efforts require past, present, or future predictions. This paper provides a brief overview of the COVE tool, its validation, accuracies, and limitations with emphasis on the applicability of this visualization tool for supporting ground field campaigns and intercalibration of satellite instruments. C1 [Kessler, Paul D.; Gowda, Sanjay; Williams, Brian R.; Qu, Min] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Killough, Brian D.] NASA, Comm Earth Observat Satellites Syst Engn Off, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Kessler, PD (reprint author), Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM P.Kessler@ama-inc.com; Brian.D.Killough@nasa.gov; Gowda@ama-inc.com; B.Williams@ama-inc.com; gchander@usgs.gov; MinQu@ama-inc.com FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1081 EP 1087 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2235841 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900003 ER PT J AU Stone, TC Rossow, WB Ferrier, J Hinkelman, LM AF Stone, Thomas C. Rossow, William B. Ferrier, Joseph Hinkelman, Laura M. TI Evaluation of ISCCP Multisatellite Radiance Calibration for Geostationary Imager Visible Channels Using the Moon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Moon; radiometry; remote sensing ID CLOUD-CLIMATOLOGY-PROJECT; AVHRR; RADIOMETER; SURFACE; PATH AB Since 1983, the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) has collected Earth radiance data from the succession of geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellites operated by weather agencies worldwide. Meeting the ISCCP goals of global coverage and decade-length time scales requires consistent and stable calibration of the participating satellites. For the geostationary imager visible channels, ISCCP calibration provides regular periodic updates from regressions of radiances measured from coincident and collocated observations taken by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments. As an independent check of the temporal stability and intersatellite consistency of ISCCP calibrations, we have applied lunar calibration techniques to geostationary imager visible channels using images of the Moon found in the ISCCP data archive. Lunar calibration enables using the reflected light from the Moon as a stable and consistent radiometric reference. Although the technique has general applicability, limitations of the archived image data have restricted the current study to Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite series. The results of this lunar analysis confirm that ISCCP calibration exhibits negligible temporal trends in sensor response but have revealed apparent relative biases between the satellites at various levels. However, these biases amount to differences of only a few percent in measured absolute reflectances. Since the lunar analysis examines only the lower end of the radiance range, the results suggest that the ISCCP calibration regression approach does not precisely determine the intercept or the zero-radiance response level. We discuss the impact of these findings on the development of consistent calibration for multisatellite global data sets. C1 [Stone, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ferrier, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hinkelman, Laura M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tstone@usgs.gov; wbrossow@ccny.cuny.edu; joe@ferrier.com; laurahin@u.washington.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Hinkelman, Laura/L-8964-2016 OI Hinkelman, Laura/0000-0001-6477-9648 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AJ80G]; NASA [NNX08AL79A] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Research Program under Interagency Agreement NNX08AJ80G and in part by the NASA Earth Science Data Systems Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments Program under Contract NNX08AL79A. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2237520 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900019 ER PT J AU Chander, G Mishra, N Helder, DL Aaron, DB Angal, A Choi, T Xiong, XX Doelling, DR AF Chander, Gyanesh Mishra, Nischal Helder, Dennis L. Aaron, David B. Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung Xiong, Xiaoxiong Doelling, David R. TI Applications of Spectral Band Adjustment Factors (SBAF) for Cross-Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion; Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); radiometric cross-calibration; relative spectral response (RSR); spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs); Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ID OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; TERRA MODIS; LANDSAT-7 ETM+; PERFORMANCE; SCIAMACHY; SAHARAN; SITES; TM AB To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface acquired from multiple space-borne imaging sensors. However, an integrated global observation framework requires an understanding of how land surface processes are seen differently by various sensors. This is particularly true for sensors acquiring data in spectral bands whose relative spectral responses (RSRs) are not similar and thus may produce different results while observing the same target. The intrinsic offsets between two sensors caused by RSR mismatches can be compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of the two sensors. The motivation of this work comes from the need to compensate the spectral response differences of multispectral sensors in order to provide a more accurate cross-calibration between the sensors. In this paper, radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors was performed using near-simultaneous observations over the Libya 4 pseudoinvariant calibration site in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The RSR differences of the analogous ETM+ and MODIS spectral bands provide the opportunity to explore, understand, quantify, and compensate for the measurement differences between these two sensors. The cross-calibration was initially performed by comparing the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances between the two sensors over their lifetimes. The average percent differences in the long-term trends ranged from -5% to + 6%. The RSR compensated ETM+ TOA reflectance (ETM+*) measurements were then found to agree with MODIS TOA reflectance to within 5% for all bands when Earth Observing-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data were used to produce the SBAFs. These differences were later reduced to within 1% for all bands (except band 2) by using Environmental Satellite Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography hyperspectral data to produce the SBAFs. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mishra, Nischal; Helder, Dennis L.; Aaron, David B.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doelling, David R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; dennis.helder@sdstate.edu; David.Aaron@sdstate.edu; amit.angal@ssaihq.com; taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; david.r.doelling@nasa.gov RI Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08AI30I]; U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land-Cover and Land-Use Change under Grant NNH08AI30I. The work of G. Chander was support by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1267 EP 1281 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228007 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900020 ER PT J AU Chander, G Helder, DL Aaron, D Mishra, N Shrestha, AK AF Chander, Gyanesh Helder, Dennis L. Aaron, David Mishra, Nischal Shrestha, Alok K. TI Assessment of Spectral, Misregistration, and Spatial Uncertainties Inherent in the Cross-Calibration Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth Observing-1 Hyperion; Environmental Satellite (Envisat) SCanning Imaging Absorption Spectro-Meter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY); geometric misregistration; Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); radiometric cross-calibration; relative spectral response (RSR); spatial resolution; spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF); spectral filter shift; spectral resolution; spectral responses; Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); uncertainties ID PERFORMANCE AB Cross-calibration of satellite sensors permits the quantitative comparison of measurements obtained from different Earth Observing (EO) systems. Cross-calibration studies usually use simultaneous or near-simultaneous observations from several spaceborne sensors to develop band-by-band relationships through regression analysis. The investigation described in this paper focuses on evaluation of the uncertainties inherent in the cross-calibration process, including contributions due to different spectral responses, spectral resolution, spectral filter shift, geometric misregistrations, and spatial resolutions. The hyperspectral data from the Environmental Satellite SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY and the EO-1 Hyperion, along with the relative spectral responses (RSRs) from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) Plus and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensors, were used for the spectral uncertainty study. The data from Landsat 5 TM over five representative land cover types (desert, rangeland, grassland, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest) were used for the geometric misregistrations and spatial-resolution study. The spectral resolution uncertainty was found to be within 0.25%, spectral filter shift within 2.5%, geometric misregistrations within 0.35%, and spatial-resolution effects within 0.1% for the Libya 4 site. The one-sigma uncertainties presented in this paper are uncorrelated, and therefore, the uncertainties can be summed orthogonally. Furthermore, an overall total uncertainty was developed. In general, the results suggested that the spectral uncertainty is more dominant compared to other uncertainties presented in this paper. Therefore, the effect of the sensor RSR differences needs to be quantified and compensated to avoid large uncertainties in cross-calibration results. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Helder, Dennis L.; Aaron, David; Mishra, Nischal] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Shrestha, Alok K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; dennis.helder@sdstate.edu; David.Aaron@sdstate.edu; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; alok.k.shrestha@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08AI30I]; U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Grant NNH08AI30I. The work of G. Chander was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1282 EP 1296 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228008 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900021 ER PT J AU Henry, P Chander, G Fougnie, B Thomas, C Xiong, XX AF Henry, Patrice Chander, Gyanesh Fougnie, Bertrand Thomas, Colin Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Assessment of Spectral Band Impact on Intercalibration Over Desert Sites Using Simulation Based on EO-1 Hyperion Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Envisat MERIS; EO-1 Hyperion; intercalibration; L7 ETM+; radiometric calibration; reflected solar band; relative spectral response (RSR); satellites; simulation; Terra and Aqua MODIS ID OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; VEGETATION; MERIS; MODIS; INSTRUMENT; SAHARAN AB Since the beginning of the 1990s, stable desert sites have been used for the calibration monitoring of many different sensors. Many attempts at sensor intercalibration have been also conducted using these stable desert sites. As a result, site characterization techniques and the quality of intercalibration techniques have gradually improved over the years. More recently, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites has recommended a list of reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites for frequent image acquisition by multiple agencies. In general, intercalibration should use well-known or spectrally flat reference. The reflectance profile of desert sites, however, might not be flat or well characterized (from a fine spectral point of view). The aim of this paper is to assess the expected accuracy that can be reached when using desert sites for intercalibration. In order to have a well-mastered estimation of different errors or error sources, this study is performed with simulated data from a hyperspectral sensor. Earth Observing-1 Hyperion images are chosen to provide the simulation input data. Two different cases of intercalibration are considered, namely, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Environmental Satellite MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) with Aqua MODIS. The simulation results have confirmed that intercalibration accuracy of 1% to 2% can be achieved between sensors, provided there are a sufficient number of available measurements. The simulated intercalibrations allow explaining results obtained during real intercalibration exercises and to establish some recommendations for the use of desert sites for intercalibration. C1 [Henry, Patrice; Fougnie, Bertrand; Thomas, Colin] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Thomas, Colin] CS SI, F-31506 Toulouse 5, France. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Henry, P (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM patrice.henry@cnes.fr; gchander@usgs.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1297 EP 1308 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900022 ER PT J AU Helder, D Thome, KJ Mishra, N Chander, G Xiong, XX Angal, A Choi, T AF Helder, Dennis Thome, Kurtis J. Mishra, Nischal Chander, Gyanesh Xiong, Xiaoxiong Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung TI Absolute Radiometric Calibration of Landsat Using a Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Absolute calibration; EO-1 Hyperion; L7 ETM+; radiometric calibration; Relative Spectral Response (RSR); Terra MODIS ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; INTEGRATING SPHERE; MODIS; PERFORMANCE; SENSORS; ASTER; INSTRUMENT; TARGETS AB Pseudo invariant calibration sites (PICS) have been used for on-orbit radiometric trending of optical satellite systems for more than 15 years. This approach to vicarious calibration has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and repeatability at the level of 1-3% depending on the site, spectral channel, and imaging geometries. A variety of sensors have used this approach for trending because it is broadly applicable and easy to implement. Models to describe the surface reflectance properties, as well as the intervening atmosphere have also been developed to improve the precision of the method. However, one limiting factor of using PICS is that an absolute calibration capability has not yet been fully developed. Because of this, PICS are primarily limited to providing only long term trending information for individual sensors or cross-calibration opportunities between two sensors. This paper builds an argument that PICS can be used more extensively for absolute calibration. To illustrate this, a simple empirical model is developed for the well-known Libya 4 PICS based on observations by Terra MODIS and EO-1 Hyperion. The model is validated by comparing model predicted top-of-atmosphere reflectance values to actual measurements made by the Landsat ETM+ sensor reflective bands. Following this, an outline is presented to develop a more comprehensive and accurate PICS absolute calibration model that can be Systeme international d'unites (SI) traceable. These initial concepts suggest that absolute calibration using PICS is possible on a broad scale and can lead to improved on-orbit calibration capabilities for optical satellite sensors. C1 [Helder, Dennis; Mishra, Nischal] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Thome, Kurtis J.; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Helder, D (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Dennis_Helder@sdstate.edu; kurtis.thome@nasa.gov; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; gchander@usgs.gov; xiaoxiong.xiong.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; amit.angal@ssaihq.com; taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X; FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX The work of G. Chander was support by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1360 EP 1369 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243738 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900027 ER PT J AU Legates, DR McCabe, GJ AF Legates, David R. McCabe, Gregory J. TI A refined index of model performance: a rejoinder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accuracy indices; coefficient of efficiency; goodness-of-fit; model evaluation; model-performance statistics AB Willmott et al. [Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K. 2012. A refined index of model performance. International Journal of Climatology, forthcoming. DOI:10.1002/joc.2419.] recently suggest a refined index of model performance (dr) that they purport to be superior to other methods. Their refined index ranges from 1.0 to 1.0 to resemble a correlation coefficient, but it is merely a linear rescaling of our modified coefficient of efficiency (E1) over the positive portion of the domain of dr. We disagree with Willmott et al. (2012) that dr provides a better interpretation; rather, E1 is more easily interpreted such that a value of E1 = 1.0 indicates a perfect model (no errors) while E1 = 0.0 indicates a model that is no better than the baseline comparison (usually the observed mean). Negative values of E1 (and, for that matter, dr < 0.5) indicate a substantially flawed model as they simply describe a level of inefficacy' for a model that is worse than the comparison baseline. Moreover, while dr is piecewise continuous, it is not continuous through the second and higher derivatives. We explain why the coefficient of efficiency (E or E2) and its modified form (E1) are superior and preferable to many other statistics, including dr, because of intuitive interpretability and because these indices have a fundamental meaning at zero. We also expand on the discussion begun by Garrick et al. [Garrick M, Cunnane C, Nash JE. 1978. A criterion of efficiency for rainfall-runoff models. Journal of Hydrology 36: 375-381.] and continued by Legates and McCabe [Legates DR, McCabe GJ. 1999. Evaluating the use of goodness-of-fit measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation. Water Resources Research 35(1): 233-241.] and Schaefli and Gupta [Schaefli B, Gupta HV. 2007. Do Nash values have value? Hydrological Processes 21: 2075-2080. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6825.]. This important discussion focuses on the appropriate baseline comparison to use, and why the observed mean often may be an inadequate choice for model evaluation and development. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Legates, David R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Legates, DR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM legates@udel.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1002/joc.3487 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104EE UT WOS:000315972400023 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Habitat use and diet composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon in a tributary of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Habitat use; Diet composition; Lake Ontario ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SMALL RIVER; NEW-YORK; SALAR; SELECTION; MICROHABITAT; COMPETITION; STREAMS; SUMMER; GROWTH AB The habitat use and diet of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo solar was examined in the South Sandy Creek drainage that discharges into eastern Lake Ontario. Subyearling salmon were stocked in early May during two consecutive years, and habitat and diet evaluations were made in mid-July and mid-October in 2005 and 2006. Both subyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon occupied deeper and faster areas that had more cover and larger sized substrate materials than was present, on average, within the study reach. Differences in habitat use between subyearling and yearling salmon only occurred in summer. Principal component analysis showed that of the habitat variables examined, the amount of cover and size of substrate were more important to juvenile salmon in summer, whereas depth and velocity were more important in the fall. Trichopteran larvae (mainly hydropsychids) dominated the diet of juvenile Atlantic salmon, and parr were feeding most heavily from the substrate as compared to the drift. The juvenile ecology of this re-introduced population of Atlantic salmon is consistent with that reported in other studies throughout the species native range. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.12.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GM UT WOS:000315609500018 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, J. C. TI An exploratory investigation of the landscape-lake interface: Land cover controls over consumer N and C isotopic composition in Lake Michigan rivermouths (vol 38, pg 610, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov; wrichardson@usgs.gov; jvallazza@usgs.gov; jcnelson@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.12.003 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GM UT WOS:000315609500023 ER PT J AU Schilling, JW Dugger, KM Anthony, RG AF Schilling, Jason W. Dugger, Katie M. Anthony, Robert G. TI SURVIVAL AND HOME-RANGE SIZE OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; habitat characteristics; home-range size; Klamath Province; Oregon; survival ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; BARRED OWLS; HABITAT-USE; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN OREGON; FORESTS; POPULATIONS; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB In the Klamath province of southwestern Oregon, Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) occur in complex, productive forests that historically supported frequent fires of variable severity. However, little is known about the relationships between Spotted Owl survival and home-range size and the characteristics of fire-prone, mixed-conifer forests of the Klamath province. Thus, the objectives of this study were to estimate monthly survival rates and home-range size in relation to habitat characteristics for Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon. Home-range size and survival of 15 Northern Spotted Owls was monitored using radiotelemetry in the Ashland Ranger District of the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest from September 2006 to October 2008. Habitat classes within Spotted Owl home ranges were characterized using a remote-sensed vegetation map of the study area. Estimates of monthly survival ranged from 0.89 to 1.0 and were positively correlated with the number of late-seral habitat patches and the amount of edge, and negatively correlated with the mean nearest neighbor distance between late-seral habitats. Annual home-range size varied from to 189 to 894 ha ((x) over bar = 576; SE = 75), with little difference between breeding and nonbreeding home ranges. Breeding-season home-range size increased with the amount of hard edge, and the amount of old and mature forest combined. Core area, annual and nonbreeding season home-range sizes all increased with increased amounts of hard edge, suggesting that increased fragmentation is associated with larger core and home-range sizes. Although no effect of the amount of late-seral stage forest on either survival or home-range size was detected, these results are the first to concurrently demonstrate increased forest fragmentation with decreased survival and increased home-range size of Northern Spotted Owls. C1 [Schilling, Jason W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schilling, JW (reprint author), Tulalip Tribes, Dept Nat Resources, 6406 Marine Dr, Tulalip, WA 98271 USA. EM jschilling@tulaliptribes-nsn.gov FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service, through the Rogue -Siskiyou National Forest; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Many thanks to Frank Wagner, Denise Strejc, Tom Phillips, and Laura Friar for help with the data collection associated with this project. Funding was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, through the Rogue -Siskiyou National Forest, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. L. Steven Andrews, David Clayton, Raymond J. Davis, and Jim Thrailkill provided invaluable logistical and financial support during this project. All survey, capture and handling methods performed during data collection for this study were approved under appropriate state and federal permits and Oregon State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ACUP #3452. We appreciate editorial comments from Betsy Glenn, James P. Ward, and an anonymous reviewer as they greatly improved this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 81 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 101CZ UT WOS:000315754100001 ER PT J AU Littlefield, CD Johnson, DH AF Littlefield, Carroll D. Johnson, Douglas H. TI MIGRATION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS AT AN AUTUMN STOPOVER SITE IN NORTHWESTERN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; agriculture; fall migration; foraging Southern High Plains; Texas ID ARGENTINA AB Unlike most raptors, the Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) migrates long distances between breeding and wintering ranges, which elevates the importance of stopover sites for foraging. We conducted three years offal! surveys in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Migrant Swainson's Hawks moved through the area mostly between July and mid-October, peaking in September. Subadults tended to migrate earlier than adults, and light morphs before dark morphs. Favored foraging habitats included silage corn, green beans, and alfalfa, but the hawks foraged primarily where ongoing agricultural activities disturbed prey and made them more available. C1 [Littlefield, Carroll D.] Biores Ranch, Rodeo, NM 88056 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Littlefield, CD (reprint author), Biores Ranch, POB 117, Rodeo, NM 88056 USA. EM Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 101CZ UT WOS:000315754100006 ER PT J AU DiVincenti, L Wyatt, J Priest, H Dittman, D Klindt, R Gordon, D Preston, A Smith, T Bowman, C AF DiVincenti, Louis, Jr. Wyatt, Jeff Priest, Heather Dittman, Dawn Klindt, Rodger Gordon, David Preston, Andrew Smith, Thomas Bowman, Colby TI Reference intervals for select hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes of wild Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River in New York SO VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic fish; diatoms; heterophils; lymphocytic leukogram; polychromasia ID WHOLE-BLOOD; BAERII; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; MS-222; SERUM AB Background Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is a long-lived freshwater fish distributed throughout the Great Lakes region and is a threatened species in New York State. The species' unique life cycle makes it useful as an indicator of ecosystem health, and efforts to repatriate Lake Sturgeon to their historic range are underway. However, comprehensive hematologic and biochemical reference intervals that would be valuable for assessing the health status of individual animals have not been reported. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine normal hematologic and plasma biochemical reference intervals for healthy wild Lake Sturgeon. Methods Blood samples were collected from 52 wild Lake Sturgeon caught in gill nets in the St. Lawrence River. Heparinized whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed using standard techniques. Reference intervals were calculated using the robust method following elimination of outliers and BoxCox transformation of data. Results Hematologic reference intervals were as follows: PCV 1738%, estimated WBC count 274023,150/L, neutrophils 1936121/L, eosinophils 0558/L, other granulocytes/heterophils 0488/L, lymphocytes 144714,044/L, and monocytes 551684/L. Plasma biochemical reference intervals were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase 3331746U/L, calcium 1.852.80mmol/L, chloride 95123mmol/L, creatine kinase 77635,536U/L, glucose 2.9414.76mmol/L, glutamate dehydrogenase 630U/L, phosphate 2.035.81mmol/L, potassium 2.344.24mmol/L, sodium 122.9151.1mmol/L, total protein 2.04.4g/dL, triglycerides 1.075.12mmol/L, and uric acid 1251mol/L. Conclusion Reference intervals reported here will be useful for health assessment of wild and repatriated Lake Sturgeon. C1 [DiVincenti, Louis, Jr.; Wyatt, Jeff] Univ Rochester, Dept Comparat Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Priest, Heather] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dittman, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Tunison Aquat Labs, Cortland, NY USA. [Klindt, Rodger; Gordon, David] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY USA. [Preston, Andrew; Smith, Thomas; Bowman, Colby] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Wilson Hill, NY USA. RP DiVincenti, L (reprint author), 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 674, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM louis_divincenti@urmc.rochester.edu OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-6382 J9 VET CLIN PATH JI Vet. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1111/vcp.12017 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 100SS UT WOS:000315723400005 PM 23278457 ER PT J AU Fenton, LK Hayward, RK Horgan, BHN Rubin, DM Titus, TN Bishop, MA Burr, DM Chojnacki, M Dinwiddie, CL Kerber, L Le Gall, A Michaels, TI Neakrase, LDV Newman, CE Tirsch, D Yizhaq, H Zimbelman, JR AF Fenton, Lori K. Hayward, Rosalyn K. Horgan, Briony H. N. Rubin, David M. Titus, Timothy N. Bishop, Mark A. Burr, Devon M. Chojnacki, Matthew Dinwiddie, Cynthia L. Kerber, Laura Le Gall, Alice Michaels, Timothy I. Neakrase, Lynn D. V. Newman, Claire E. Tirsch, Daniela Yizhaq, Hezi Zimbelman, James R. TI Summary of the Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop: Remote Sensing and Image Analysis of Planetary Dunes, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, June 12-15, 2012 SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Aeolian processes; Bedform dynamics; Bedform morphology; Sand provenance; Meeting summary ID AEOLIAN DUNES; MARS; SANDS AB The Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop took place in Flagstaff, AZ, USA during June 12-15, 2012. This meeting brought together a diverse group of researchers to discuss recent advances in terrestrial and planetary research on aeolian bedforms. The workshop included two and a half days of oral and poster presentations, as well as one formal (and one informal) full-day field trip. Similar to its predecessors, the presented work provided new insight on the morphology, dynamics, composition, and origin of aeolian bedforms on Venus, Earth, Mars, and Titan, with some intriguing speculation about potential aeolian processes on Triton (a satellite of Neptune) and Pluto. Major advancements since the previous International Planetary Dunes Workshop include the introduction of several new data analysis and numerical tools and utilization of low-cost field instruments (most notably the time-lapse camera). Most presentations represented advancement towards research priorities identified in both of the prior two workshops, although some previously recommended research approaches were not discussed. In addition, this workshop provided a forum for participants to discuss the uncertain future of the Planetary Aeolian Laboratory; subsequent actions taken as a result of the decisions made during the workshop may lead to an expansion of funding opportunities to use the facilities, as well as other improvements. The interactions during this workshop contributed to the success of the Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop, further developing our understanding of aeolian processes on the aeolian worlds of the Solar System. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fenton, Lori K.; Michaels, Timothy I.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Hayward, Rosalyn K.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Horgan, Briony H. N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bishop, Mark A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bishop, Mark A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Burr, Devon M.; Chojnacki, Matthew] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dinwiddie, Cynthia L.] SW Res Inst, Geosci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Kerber, Laura] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Le Gall, Alice] Observ Spati LATMOS UVSQ, Lab Atmospher, Paris, France. [Neakrase, Lynn D. V.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Newman, Claire E.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tirsch, Daniela] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Yizhaq, Hezi] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, BIDR, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fenton, LK (reprint author), 189 Bernardo Ave,Ste 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM lfenton@carlsagancenter.org RI Chojnacki, Matthew/A-4245-2013; Tirsch, Daniela/I-7916-2012; OI Chojnacki, Matthew/0000-0001-8497-8994; Tirsch, Daniela/0000-0001-5905-5426 NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 8 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.006 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 095XR UT WOS:000315368800004 ER PT J AU Graham, NE Cayan, DR Bromirski, PD Flick, RE AF Graham, Nicholas E. Cayan, Daniel R. Bromirski, Peter D. Flick, Reinhard E. TI Multi-model projections of twenty-first century North Pacific winter wave climate under the IPCC A2 scenario SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Ocean waves; North Pacific ID HEMISPHERE STORM TRACKS; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHANGE SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ATLANTIC OCEAN; HEIGHTS; TRENDS; SEA; REANALYSIS AB A dynamical wave model implemented over the North Pacific Ocean was forced with winds from three coupled global climate models (CGCMs) run under a medium-to-high scenario for greenhouse gas emissions through the twenty-first century. The results are analyzed with respect to changes in upper quantiles of significant wave height (90th and 99th percentile H-S) during boreal winter. The three CGCMs produce surprisingly similar patterns of change in winter wave climate during the century, with waves becoming 10-15 % smaller over the lower mid-latitudes of the North Pacific, particularly in the central and western ocean. These decreases are closely associated with decreasing windspeeds along the southern flank of the main core of the westerlies. At higher latitudes, 99th percentile wave heights generally increase, though the patterns of change are less uniform than at lower latitudes. The increased wave heights at high latitudes appear to be due a variety of wind-related factors including both increased windspeeds and changes in the structure of the wind field, these varying from model to model. For one of the CGCMs, a commonly used statistical approach for estimating seasonal quantiles of H-S on the basis of seasonal mean sea level pressure (SLP) is used to develop a regression model from 60 years of twentieth century data as a training set, and then applied using twenty-first century SLP data. The statistical model reproduces the general pattern of decreasing twenty-first century wave heights south of similar to 40 N, but underestimates the magnitude of the changes by similar to 50-70 %, reflecting relatively weak coupling between sea level pressure and wave heights in the CGCM data and loss of variability in the statistically projected wave heights. C1 [Graham, Nicholas E.] Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Bromirski, Peter D.; Flick, Reinhard E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Flick, Reinhard E.] Calif Dept Boating & Waterways, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Graham, NE (reprint author), Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM ngraham@hrc-lab.org FU California Energy Commission PIER Program through a University of California, California Institute for Energy and Environment (UC-CIEE) [POCV01-X12, 500-09-038] FX This work was conducted under funding from the California Energy Commission PIER Program through a University of California, California Institute for Energy and Environment (UC-CIEE) Award, No. POCV01-X12 to Scripps Institution of Oceanography (DC, PB, RF) and sub-award 500-09-038 to the Hydrologic Research Center (NG). The authors extend many thanks to Emelia Bainto and Mary Tyree for their valuable assistance with the wave model simulations, and with data acquisition and processing. Thanks as well to three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped improve the manuscript. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 1335 EP 1360 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1435-8 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096YE UT WOS:000315440100017 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Duniway, MC James, DK Burkett, LM Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Duniway, Michael C. James, Darren K. Burkett, Laura M. Havstad, Kris M. TI A test of critical thresholds and their indicators in a desertification-prone ecosystem: more resilience than we thought SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Desertification; early warning; grazing; long-term experiment; patch size; regime shift; resilience; state-transition model ID PATCH SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REGIME SHIFTS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; SUITABLE INDICATOR; TIPPING POINT; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; RESTORATION AB Theoretical models predict that drylands can cross critical thresholds, but experimental manipulations to evaluate them are non-existent. We used a long-term (13-year) pulse-perturbation experiment featuring heavy grazing and shrub removal to determine if critical thresholds and their determinants can be demonstrated in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. We asked if cover values or patch-size metrics could predict vegetation recovery, supporting their use as early-warning indicators. We found that season of grazing, but not the presence of competing shrubs, mediated the severity of grazing impacts on dominant grasses. Recovery occurred at the same rate irrespective of grazing history, suggesting that critical thresholds were not crossed, even at low cover levels. Grass cover, but not patch size metrics, predicted variation in recovery rates. Some transition-prone ecosystems are surprisingly resilient; management of grazing impacts and simple cover measurements can be used to avert undesired transitions and initiate restoration. C1 [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.; Burkett, Laura M.; Havstad, Kris M.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 178 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1111/ele.12045 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088VS UT WOS:000314865900008 PM 23216915 ER PT J AU Darst, CR Murphy, PJ Strout, NW Campbell, SP Field, KJ Allison, L Averill-Murray, RC AF Darst, Catherine R. Murphy, Philip J. Strout, Nathan W. Campbell, Steven P. Field, Kimberleigh J. Allison, Linda Averill-Murray, Roy C. TI A Strategy for Prioritizing Threats and Recovery Actions for At-Risk Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Threats assessment; Conservation planning; Species recovery; Endangered species; Adaptive management; Mojave desert tortoise ID DESERT TORTOISE; CONSERVATION SCIENCE; MOJAVE DESERT; ET-AL; ACT; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE; QUALITY; PLANS AB Ensuring the persistence of at-risk species depends on implementing conservation actions that ameliorate threats. We developed and implemented a method to quantify the relative importance of threats and to prioritize recovery actions based on their potential to affect risk to Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We used assessments of threat importance and elasticities of demographic rates from population matrix models to estimate the relative contributions of threats to overall increase in risk to the population. We found that urbanization, human access, military operations, disease, and illegal use of off highway vehicles are the most serious threats to the desert tortoise range-wide. These results suggest that, overall, recovery actions that decrease habitat loss, predation, and crushing will be most effective for recovery; specifically, we found that habitat restoration, topic-specific environmental education, and land acquisition are most likely to result in the greatest decrease in risk to the desert tortoise across its range. In addition, we have developed an application that manages the conceptual model and all supporting information and calculates threat severity and potential effectiveness of recovery actions. Our analytical approach provides an objective process for quantifying threats, prioritizing recovery actions, and developing monitoring metrics for those actions for adaptive management of any at-risk species. C1 [Darst, Catherine R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Murphy, Philip J.; Strout, Nathan W.] Univ Redlands, Redlands Inst, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Campbell, Steven P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Field, Kimberleigh J.; Allison, Linda; Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Darst, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, 2493 Portola Rd Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM cat_darst@fws.gov OI Averill-Murray, Roy/0000-0002-4424-2269 FU Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act's Conservation Initiatives grant; Fort Irwin National Training Center; Bureau of Land Management; California Energy Commission's PIER Environmental Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank R. Steidl, E. Zylstra, J. Henk, A. Desmarais, C. Mullen, and M. Scott for their helpful reviews, and E. McCoy, K. Ralls, M. Reed, J. Fraser, and B. Williams for their helpful advice throughout the project. This manuscript was greatly improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. The research summarized in this paper was performed with support from a Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act's Conservation Initiatives grant, Fort Irwin National Training Center, the Bureau of Land Management, and the California Energy Commission's PIER Environmental Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or other entities who provided support for this project. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 786 EP 800 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-0007-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096PO UT WOS:000315416900021 PM 23322128 ER PT J AU Tillitt, DE Giesy, JP AF Tillitt, Donald E. Giesy, John P. TI Ecotoxicology of organochlorine chemicals in birds of the great lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; HERRING-GULLS; TOXIC POTENCY; FORSTERS TERN; CELL BIOASSAY; FACTORS TEFS; GREEN BAY; DIOXIN; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION C1 [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biomed Vet Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Giesy, John P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dtillitt@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 490 EP 492 DI 10.1002/etc.2109 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000002 PM 23418042 ER PT J AU Dang, VD Walters, DM Lee, CM AF Dang, Viet D. Walters, David M. Lee, Cindy M. TI Assessing ongoing sources of dissolved-phase polychlorinated biphenyls in a contaminated stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Passive sampler; Persistent organic pollutant; Enantiomer; Chiral signature; Weathering ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; FOOD-WEB; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; SEDIMENT; WATER; PCBS; RIVER; BIOAVAILABILITY; TRANSFORMATION AB Few studies assess the potential of ongoing sources of fresh polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to aquatic systems when direct discharge to the environment has been eliminated. In the present study, the authors used single-layered, low-density polyethylene samplers (PEs) to measure total PCB concentrations, congener profiles, and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) in a contaminated stream and to provide multiple lines of evidence for assessing ongoing inputs of PCB. Concentrations were well above background levels that have been monitored for years. Concentrations significantly increased with distance, the farthest downstream PE concentrations being almost five times greater than those at 79m downstream of a historical point source. The PCBs in the PEs at 79m downstream of the contamination source were dominated by low KOW congeners, similar to those in the mixture of Aroclors 1016 and 1254 (4:1v/v) historically released from the former capacitor manufacturer. The only two chiral congeners detected in the PEs downstream were PCBs 91 and 95. The EF values were nonracemic for PCB 91, while the values were either racemic or near racemic for PCB 95. Increased PCB concentrations with distance and a congener composition of predominantly low-weight congeners in the PEs at 79m downstream of the plant site suggested an ongoing PCB source from the plant site. Chiral signatures suggested aerobic biotransformation of dissolved PCBs but did not shed any light on possible ongoing PCB inputs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:535540. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Dang, Viet D.; Lee, Cindy M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29621 USA. [Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lee, CM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Anderson, SC 29621 USA. EM LC@clemson.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0828699] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (CBET-0828699). We thank C. Zellar for reviewing this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1002/etc.2106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000008 PM 23258773 ER PT J AU Grasman, KA Echols, KR May, TM Peterman, PH Gale, RW Orazio, CE AF Grasman, Keith A. Echols, Kathy R. May, Thomas M. Peterman, Paul H. Gale, Robert W. Orazio, Carl E. TI Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the HudsonRaritan Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE New York Harbor; Fish-eating birds; Immunotoxicology; Dioxins; Polychlorinated biphenyls ID NORTHEASTERN US ESTUARIES; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; GREAT-LAKES; EARLY 1990S; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; BREEDING LOCATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IMMUNE FUNCTION AB Previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western New York/New Jersey Harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. The present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in lower New York Harbor during 2003. In pipping gull embryos, lymphoid cells were counted in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (sites of T and B lymphocyte maturation, respectively). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response assessed T cell function in gull and heron chicks. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in vitro in adult and prefledgling gulls. Reference data came from the Great Lakes and Bay of Fundy. Survival of prefledgling gulls was poor, with only 0.68 and 0.5 chicks per nest surviving to three and four weeks after hatch, respectively. Developing lymphoid cells were reduced 51% in the thymus and 42% in the bursa of gull embryos from New York Harbor. In vitro lymphocyte assays demonstrated reduced spontaneous proliferation, reduced T cell mitogen-induced proliferation, and increased B cell mitogen-induced proliferation in gull chicks from New York Harbor. The PHA skin response was suppressed 70 to 80% in gull and heron chicks. Strong negative correlations (r=0.95 to 0.98) between the PHA response and dioxins and PCBs in gull livers was strong evidence suggesting that these chemicals contribute significantly to immunosuppression in New York Harbor waterbirds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:548561. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Grasman, Keith A.] Calvin Coll, Dept Biol, Grand Rapids, MI 49506 USA. [Grasman, Keith A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Echols, Kathy R.; May, Thomas M.; Peterman, Paul H.; Gale, Robert W.; Orazio, Carl E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Grasman, KA (reprint author), Calvin Coll, Dept Biol, Grand Rapids, MI 49506 USA. EM keith.grasman@calvin.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program (NRDA Restoration Program) FX B. Speeg, R. Stetzer, A. Ramanunni, and J. Rutkiewicz of Wright State assisted with the field studies or laboratory immunology assays. S. Brewer, B. Marsh, and E. Nieminen of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field Office provided logistical and coordination support for the present study, and T. Kubiak was project officer for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program (NRDA Restoration Program) provided funding. The following staff of U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center conducted analytical chemistry analyses: M. Tanner, J. Meadows, K. Feltz, and G. Tegerdine conducted the organic analyses on herring gull livers. W. Brumbaugh and M. Walther, performed inorganic analyses on herring gull livers. The National Park Service, Gateway National Recreation Area, provided access to study islands. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 548 EP 561 DI 10.1002/etc.2089 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000010 PM 23212976 ER PT J AU Meier, JR Snyder, S Sigler, V Altfater, D Gray, M Batin, B Baumann, P Gordon, D Wernsing, P Lazorchak, J AF Meier, John R. Snyder, Steve Sigler, Victoria Altfater, Dave Gray, Mike Batin, Bill Baumann, Paul Gordon, Denise Wernsing, Paul Lazorchak, Jim TI An integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern US stream using sediment chemistry, water quality, bioassessment, and fish biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sediment remediation; Biological assessment; Biomarkers; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID FIXED-WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; METABOLITES; CONTAMINANTS; GENOTOXICITY; XENOBIOTICS; BULLHEADS; EXPOSURE AB A comprehensive biological, sediment, and water quality study of the lower Little Scioto River near Marion, Ohio, USA, was undertaken to evaluate the changes or improvements in biotic measurements following the removal of creosote-contaminated sediment. The study area covered 7.5 river miles (RMs), including a remediated section between RMs 6.0 and 6.8. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish biomarkers (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] metabolite levels in white sucker [Castostomus commersoni] and common carp [Cyprinus carpio] bile and DNA damage), sediment chemistry, and water quality were assessed at five locations relative to the primary source of historical PAH contaminationupstream (RM 9.2), adjacent (RM 6.5), and downstream (RMs 5.7, 4.4, and 2.7). Overall, the biomarker results were consistent with the sediment PAH results, showing a pattern of low levels of PAH bile metabolites and DNA damage at the upstream (reference or background location), as well as the remediated section, high levels at the two immediate downstream sites, and somewhat lower levels at the furthest downstream site. Results show that remediation was effective in reducing sediment contaminant concentrations and exposure of fish to PAHs and in improving fish assemblages (60% increase in index of biotic integrity scores) in remediated river sections. Additional remedial investigation and potentially further remediation is needed to improve the downstream benthic fish community, which is still heavily exposed to PAH contaminants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:653661. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Meier, John R.; Gordon, Denise; Wernsing, Paul; Lazorchak, Jim] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Snyder, Steve] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Emergency & Remedial Response, Columbus, OH USA. [Sigler, Victoria; Altfater, Dave; Gray, Mike; Batin, Bill] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Groveport, OH USA. [Baumann, Paul] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. RP Lazorchak, J (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lazorchak.jim@epa.gov OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1002/etc.2093 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 092KG UT WOS:000315119000022 PM 23233343 ER PT J AU Blomberg, EJ Sedinger, JS Nonne, DV Atamian, MT AF Blomberg, Erik J. Sedinger, James S. Nonne, Daniel V. Atamian, Michael T. TI Seasonal reproductive costs contribute to reduced survival of female greater sage-grouse SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SOAY SHEEP; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; LARGE HERBIVORES; WEDDELL SEALS; RED DEER AB Tradeoffs among demographic traits are a central component of life history theory. We investigated tradeoffs between reproductive effort and survival in female greater sage-grouse breeding in the American Great Basin, while also considering reproductive heterogeneity by examining covariance among current and future reproductive success. We analyzed survival and reproductive histories from 328 individual female greater sage-grouse captured between 2003 and 2011, and examined the effect of reproductive effort on survival and future reproduction. Monthly survival of females was variable within years, and this within-year variation was associated with distinct biological seasons. Monthly survival was greatest during the winter (NovemberMarch; phi W= 0.99 +/- 0.001 SE), and summer (JuneJuly; phi S= 0.98 +/- 0.01 SE), and lower during nesting (AprilMay; phi N= 0.93 +/- 0.02 SE) and fall (AugustOctober; phi F= 0.92 +/- 0.02 SE). Successful reproduction was associated with reduced monthly survival during summer and fall, and this effect was greatest during fall. Females that successfully fledged chicks had lower annual survival (0.47 +/- 0.05 SE) than females who were not successful (0.64 +/- 0.04 SE). Annual survival did not vary across years, consistent with a slow-paced life history strategy in greater sage-grouse. In contrast, reproductive success varied widely, and was positively correlated with annual rainfall. We found evidence for heterogeneity among females with respect to reproductive success; compared with unsuccessful females, females that raised a brood successfully in year t were more than twice as likely to be successful in year t+ 1. Female greater sage-grouse incur costs to survival associated with reproduction, however, variation in quality among females may override costs to subsequent reproductive output. C1 [Blomberg, Erik J.; Sedinger, James S.; Nonne, Daniel V.; Atamian, Michael T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Blomberg, Erik J.; Sedinger, James S.; Nonne, Daniel V.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Blomberg, EJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM ejblomberg@gmail.com FU Univ. of Nevada Reno Agricultural Experiment Station; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Nevada Dept of Wildlife; United States Bureau of Land Management; NV Energy Corp. FX We thank numerous field technicians and volunteers for assistance with sage-grouse capture and monitoring. This work was supported jointly by the Univ. of Nevada Reno Agricultural Experiment Station, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Nevada Dept of Wildlife, the United States Bureau of Land Management, and NV Energy Corp. We thank E. Ledger, P Weisberg, K. Stewart, J. Rotella and J. Nilsson for comments that greatly improved earlier drafts. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.00013.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099UG UT WOS:000315647300007 ER PT J AU McFadden, KW Meiri, S AF McFadden, K. W. Meiri, S. TI Dwarfism in insular carnivores: a case study of the pygmy raccoon SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carnivore; Cozumel Island; dwarfism; island endemics; morphology; Procyon pygmaeus; pygmy raccoon ID BODY-SIZE; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; ISLAND RULE; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; RELEASE; RATES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY AB Insular dwarfism is common in mammals. Many theories have been put forward to explain it, including competitive release, predation release, resource limitation and limited dispersal abilities. However, recent analyses have challenged many of these assertions and indicate that size evolution is more complex with populations and species developing unique patterns of morphological variation. We explore the evolution of body size in a poorly studied island carnivore, the pygmy raccoon Procyon pygmaeus, and compare it with other mainland and island populations within its genus. We studied 36 males and 42 females of the endemic and endangered pygmy raccoon on Cozumel Island, Mexico, from 2001 to 2003. Insular P.pygmaeus are, on average, 17.5% smaller in linear dimensions than their closest mainland relative. Minimum linear rate of size change was 6.21% per 1000 years or 5.43 darwins. Size reduction is likely to have been an adaptation to fewer resources and predators. Our population genetic examination identified different patterns of divergence than the morphological examination, indicating that the rate of morphological evolution likely exceeds that represented in this genus' neutral genetic history. This case study highlights the importance of an autecological approach toward examining insular dwarfism given that clear patterns are not visible across the Carnivora. C1 [McFadden, K. W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA. [Meiri, S.] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP McFadden, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kwm6@clemson.edu RI Meiri, Shai/D-2403-2010 OI Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330 FU Explorer's Club; Sigma Xi; Sigma Delta Epsilon Women in Science; American Museum of Natural History; Columbia University; University of Missouri; National Science Foundation [0118867]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [33635-V]; Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion Ambiental [SEMARNAT-2002-C01-0571]; Yigal Alon fellowship FX This research was approved by Columbia University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and supported by funds from the Explorer's Club, Sigma Xi, Sigma Delta Epsilon Women in Science, the American Museum of Natural History, Columbia University, the University of Missouri, the National Science Foundation (No. 0118867), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia grant (No. 33635-V to A. C.) and the Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion Ambiental (SEMARNAT-2002-C01-0571). Many thanks to J.C. Morales, M. Gompper and R. Medellin for the comments on the previous drafts. Field support and local assistance was provided by J. Benavides, R. Chacon, A. Cuaron, I. Fortes, M. Gompper, D. Garcia-Vasco, C. Gonzalez-Baca, H. Gonzalez, A. Laborde, M. A. Martinez-Morales, C. Naredo, G. Navarro, PROFEPA, I. Romero-Najera, R. Sheese, D. Valenzuela and E. Vivas (CAPA). We thank Tamar Dayan, Dan Simberloff and museum collection managers for their help with skull measurements. S. M. was supported by a Yigal Alon fellowship. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 289 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00978.x PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 097TN UT WOS:000315496500007 ER PT J AU Saalfeld, ST Conway, WC Haukos, DA Johnson, WP AF Saalfeld, Sarah T. Conway, Warren C. Haukos, David A. Johnson, William P. TI RECENT DECLINES IN APPARENT SURVIVAL AND SURVEY COUNTS OF SNOWY PLOVERS BREEDING IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Charadrius nivosus; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; demographics; saline lakes; Southern High Plains; Texas ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; PIPING PLOVER; PLAYA LAKES; CHARADRIUS-ALEXANDRINUS; HABITAT USE; NEW-MEXICO; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; SUCCESS AB We quantified changes in long-term Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus) survey counts and return rates, estimated current sex and age-specific apparent survival and encounter rates, and calculated recruitment thresholds needed to maintain a stable population in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Mean survey counts of adult Snowy Plovers decreased by 78% at one saline lake (from 80 adults/survey to 18 adults/survey) from 1999-2000 to 2008-2010 but remained consistent at an alternate lake (from 45 adults/survey to 41 adults/survey). Adult and juvenile return rates have similarly declined within this time frame by 25 and 62%, respectively. Long-term declines in return rates may be the result of increased mortality from declining habitat conditions either within or outside the breeding season. Current estimates of adult (65%) and juvenile (12%) apparent survival are lower than most other estimates for Snowy Plovers throughout their range. Current estimates of adult and juvenile apparent survival and return rates indicate 5.8-10.0 hatchlings per adult per year are needed to maintain the current population without immigration, a 3-5 fold increase in the past 10 years. Received 31 January 2012. Accepted 12 July 2012. C1 [Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Conway, Warren C.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Johnson, William P.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Saalfeld, ST (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, 1011 East Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM saalfeldst@gmail.com FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture; Stephen F. Austin State University; Department of Natural Resources Management; Texas Tech University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Financial, logistical, and technical support was provided in part by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, the Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank J. A. Neal, D. T. Saalfeld, M. A. Buckingham, R. J. Baker, and M. M. McDonough and all others who assisted with field and laboratory work. We thank D. B. Burt, C. E. Comer, and D. G. Scognamillo for comments and reviews of previous versions of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the landowners for allowing access to saline lakes on their properties. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 100LC UT WOS:000315701700008 ER PT J AU Underwood, J AF Underwood, Jared TI POPULATION STATUS OF THE ENDANGERED LAYSAN FINCH SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; endangered species; Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge; Laysan Island; Laysan Finch; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument AB The Laysan Finch (Telespiza cantans) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper that occurs on only a few small islands in the northwestern Hawaiian Island Archipelago. Twenty-two years of recent population estimates (1991 2012) from Laysan Island were analyzed to ascertain the current status of this endangered species; the entire 44 years of census data available were then used to identify long-term population trends. Laysan Finch population estimates have exhibited extreme fluctuations that can be attributed at least in part to spring rainfall patterns. The average population size has remained at similar to 10,000 individuals. The Poisson regression analysis conducted for the last 22 years indicates a slightly deceasing annual population trend. However, when all 44 years of data were included in a comprehensive trend analysis, a stable population trend was documented. These results highlight the importance of long-term data sets when monitoring small closed populations a situation commonly encountered with endangered species. Inherent resilience has allowed the finch population to rebound from declines and fluctuate around Laysan Island's carrying capacity, but the future is uncertain as climate change is expected to impact its low island habitats. Received 17 October 2011. Accepted 27 August 2012. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Underwood, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM jared_underwood@fws.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 100LC UT WOS:000315701700018 ER PT J AU Schroeder, EL Boal, CW Glasscock, SN AF Schroeder, Evonne L. Boal, Clint W. Glasscock, Selma N. TI Nestling Diets and Provisioning Rates of Sympatric Golden-fronted and Ladder-backed Woodpeckers SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; food habits; Golden-fronted Woodpecker; Ladder-backed Woodpecker; nesting; sympatric; Texas ID GROWTH; BIRDS AB We examined comparative food use and provisioning of Golden-fronted (Melanerpes aurifrons) and Ladder-backed (Picoides scalaris) woodpeckers at the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation Refuge, in San Patricio County, Texas. We combined video surveillance and direct observations to monitor provisioning rates and identify items delivered by adult woodpeckers to nestlings. We collected 328 hours of data at Ladder-backed Woodpecker nest cavities and 230 hours of data at Golden-fronted Woodpecker nest cavities. Ladder-backed Woodpecker nestling diets consisted of 100% animal matter, comprised of invertebrate larvae (99%) and invertebrate adults (<1%). Diets of Golden-fronted Woodpecker nestlings were also high in animal matter (77%) with more invertebrate adults (55%) and fewer invertebrate larvae (27%), but also included vegetable matter (16%). Morisita's measure of overlap suggested a relatively low dietary overlap of 31% between nestlings of these two sympatric woodpecker species. Foraging methods used by these species may explain their low dietary overlap and facilitate their coexistence. Received 8 March 2012. Accepted 2 August 2012. C1 [Schroeder, Evonne L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Glasscock, Selma N.] Rob & Bessie Welder Wildlife Fdn, Sinton, TX 78387 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu FU Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation FX The use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation for indispensable financial and logistic support as well as the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and Texas Tech University. We thank B. N. Strobel, Katie Nelson, N. A. Cook, R. N. Perkins, and A. J. Teague for their assistance in fieldwork and videotape review. Timothy Brush and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. This is Welder Wildlife Foundation Contribution Number 600. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 125 IS 1 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 100LC UT WOS:000315701700023 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Stelzer, EA Duris, JW Brady, AMG Harrison, JH Johnson, HE Ware, MW AF Francy, Donna S. Stelzer, Erin A. Duris, Joseph W. Brady, Amie M. G. Harrison, John H. Johnson, Heather E. Ware, Michael W. TI Predictive Models for Escherichia coli Concentrations at Inland Lake Beaches and Relationship of Model Variables to Pathogen Detection SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RECREATIONAL WATER; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; HEALTH EVENTS; PCR; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; ASSAY AB Predictive models, based on environmental and water quality variables, have been used to improve the timeliness and accuracy of recreational water quality assessments, but their effectiveness has not been studied in inland waters. Sampling at eight inland recreational lakes in Ohio was done in order to investigate using predictive models for Escherichia coli and to understand the links between E. coli concentrations, predictive variables, and pathogens. Based upon results from 21 beach sites, models were developed for 13 sites, and the most predictive variables were rainfall, wind direction and speed, turbidity, and water temperature. Models were not developed at sites where the E. coli standard was seldom exceeded. Models were validated at nine sites during an independent year. At three sites, the model resulted in increased correct responses, sensitivities, and specificities compared to use of the previous day's E. coli concentration (the current method). Drought conditions during the validation year precluded being able to adequately assess model performance at most of the other sites. Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, eaeA (E. coli), ipaH (Shigella), and spvC (Salmonella) were found in at least 20% of samples collected for pathogens at five sites. The presence or absence of the three bacterial genes was related to some of the model variables but was not consistently related to E. coli concentrations. Predictive models were not effective at all inland lake sites; however, their use at two lakes with high swimmer densities will provide better estimates of public health risk than current methods and will be a valuable resource for beach managers and the public. C1 [Francy, Donna S.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Harrison, John H.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Duris, Joseph W.; Johnson, Heather E.] Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Ware, Michael W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109 FU Ohio Water Development Authority; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Support for this study was provided by the Ohio Water Development Authority, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1676 EP 1688 DI 10.1128/AEM.02995-12 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089ES UT WOS:000314893300031 PM 23291550 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Arkle, RS Maxell, BA AF Pilliod, David S. Arkle, Robert S. Maxell, Bryce A. TI Persistence and extirpation in invaded landscapes: patch characteristics and connectivity determine effects of non-native predatory fish on native salamanders SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; Fish stocking; Invasion; Invasive species; Long-toed salamander ID LONG-TOED SALAMANDERS; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; INTRODUCED TROUT; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; MOUNTAIN LAKES; POPULATIONS; SALMONIDS; CONSEQUENCES; EXTINCTION AB Studies have demonstrated negative effects of non-native, predatory fishes on native amphibians, yet it is still unclear why some amphibian populations persist, while others are extirpated, following fish invasion. We examined this question by developing habitat-based occupancy models for the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and non-native fish using survey data from 1,749 water bodies across 470 catchments in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We first modeled the habitat associations of salamanders at 468 fishless water bodies in 154 catchments where non-native fish were historically, and are currently, absent from the entire catchment. We then applied this habitat model to the complete data set to predict the probability of salamander occupancy in each water body, removing any effect of fish presence. Finally, we compared field-observed occurrences of salamanders and fish to modeled probability of salamander occupancy. Suitability models indicated that fish and salamanders had similar habitat preferences, possibly resulting in extirpations of salamander populations from entire catchments where suitable habitats were limiting. Salamanders coexisted with non-native fish in some catchments by using marginal quality, isolated (no inlet or outlet) habitats that remained fishless. They rarely coexisted with fish within individual water bodies and only where habitat quality was highest. Connectivity of water bodies via streams resulted in increased probability of fish invasion and consequently reduced probability of salamander occupancy. These results could be used to identify and prioritize catchments and water bodies where control measures would be most effective at restoring amphibian populations. Our approach could be useful as a framework for improved investigations into questions of persistence and extirpation of native species when non-native species have already become established. C1 [Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Maxell, Bryce A.] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks through a State Wildlife Grant; U.S.D.A. Forest Service (Region 1) Inventory and Monitoring Program; U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; Montana-Dakotas State Office of the Bureau of Land Management; Environmental Protection Agency Wetland Assessment and Monitoring Grant through the Montana Department of Environmental Quality; Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest; Bitterroot National Forest; Plum Creek Timber Company FX We thank all of the organizations that contributed funding for these surveys: Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks through a State Wildlife Grant, U.S.D.A. Forest Service (Region 1) Inventory and Monitoring Program, U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative, Montana-Dakotas State Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Environmental Protection Agency Wetland Assessment and Monitoring Grant through the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, Bitterroot National Forest, and Plum Creek Timber Company. Bill Bosworth, Jenny Taylor, and the numerous field assistants helped collect these data during many arduous field excursions. Christopher Pearl and Blake Hossack provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 BP 671 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s10530-012-0317-7 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094UR UT WOS:000315290100018 ER PT J AU Carneiro, APB Jimenez, JE Vergara, PM White, TH AF Carneiro, Ana Paula B. Jimenez, Jaime E. Vergara, Pablo M. White, Thomas H., Jr. TI Nest-site selection by Slender-billed Parakeets in a Chilean agricultural-forest mosaic SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enicognathus leptorhynchus; forest fragmentation; habitat use; Psittacidae; scattered trees; secondary cavity nesters; spatial scales ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; VULNERABLE SUPERB PARROT; ENICOGNATHUS-LEPTORHYNCHUS; HABITAT SELECTION; PADDOCK TREES; BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE AB Species in the family Psittacidae may be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic habitat transformations that reduce availability of suitable breeding sites at different spatial scales. In southern Chile, loss of native forest cover due to agricultural conversion may impact populations of Slender-billed Parakeets (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), endemic secondary cavity-nesting psittacids. Our objective was to assess nest-site selection by Slender-billed Parakeets in an agricultural-forest mosaic of southern Chile at two spatial scales: nest trees and the habitat surrounding those trees. During the 20082009 breeding seasons, we identified nest sites (N= 31) by observing parakeet behavior and using information provided by local residents. Most (29/31) nests were in mature Nothofagus obliqua trees. By comparing trees used for nesting with randomly selected, unused trees, we found that the probability of a tree being selected as a nest site was positively related to the number of cavity entrances, less dead crown, and more basal injuries (e.g., fire scars). At the nesting-habitat scale, nest site selection was positively associated with the extent of basal injuries and number of cavity entrances in trees within 50 m of nest trees. These variables are likely important because they allow nesting parakeets to minimize cavity search times in potential nesting areas, thereby reducing energetic demands and potential exposure to predators. Slender-billed Parakeets may thus use a hierarchical process to select nest sites; after a habitat patch is chosen, parakeets may then inspect individual trees in search of a suitable nest site. Effective strategies to ensure persistence of Slender-billed Parakeets in agricultural-forest mosaics should include preservation of both individual and groups of scattered mature trees. RESUMEN Especies de la familia Psittacidae pueden ser particularmente vulnerables a transformaciones antropogenicas del habitat, lo cual reduce la disponibilidad de lugares adecuados para reproducirse a diferentes escalas espaciales. En el sur de Chile, la perdida de cobertura boscosa debido a la conversion agricola puede afectar las poblaciones de Enicognathus leptorhynchus, un psittacido endemico que anida en cavidades existentes (anidador secundario en cavidades). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la seleccion de lugares de anidacion por Enicognathus leptorhynchus en un mosaico de agricultura y bosque en el sur de Chile en dos escalas espaciales: arboles para anidar y el habitat que rodea ha estos arboles. Durante la temporada reproductiva del 20082009, identificamos lugares de anidacion (N= 31) mediante la observacion del comportamiento del perico e informacion proporcionada por los residentes locales. La mayoria de los nidos (29/31) se localizaron en arboles maduros de Nothofagus obliqua. Mediante la comparacion de arboles usados para anidar con arboles seleccionados de manera aleatoria, encontramos que la probabilidad de que un arbol sea seleccionado como un lugar de anidacion se relaciono positivamente con el numero de entradas a la cavidad, menor numero de copas muertas, y mas heridas basales (e.g., cicatrices por fuegos). A la escala de anidacion de habita, la seleccion de lugares de anidacion se asocio positivamente con el grado de heridas basales y numero de entradas a la cavidad en arboles localizados a menos de 50 m del arbol donde estaba el nido. Estas variables probablemente son importantes porque permiten que los pericos que estan anidando minimicen el tiempo de busqueda de cavidades en potenciales areas de anidacion, de este modo reduciendo las demandas energeticas y la exposicion potencial a depredadores. El perico (E. leptorhynchus) puede asi usar un procesos jerarquico de seleccion de lugares de anidacion; despues que un parche de habitat es elegido, los pericos pueden entonces inspeccionar arboles de manera individual en busqueda de lugares adecuados para anidar. Estrategias efectivas para asegurar la persistencia del perico (E. leptorhynchus) en mosaicos de agricultura y bosque deberian incluir la preservacion tanto de individuos como de grupos de arboles maduros dispersos. C1 [Carneiro, Ana Paula B.] Univ Los Lagos, Lab Vida Silvestre, Osorno, Chile. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, Sub Antarctic Biocultural Conservat Program, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ N Texas, Dept Philosophy & Relig Studies, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Jimenez, Jaime E.] Univ Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. [Vergara, Pablo M.] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Gest Agr, Santiago, Chile. [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov FU Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos; United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program; Parrots International, Amigos de las Aves-USA Parrot Conservation Fund; International Conure Association; GEF SIRAP; FONDECYT [11080085] FX This study was supported by the Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre at Universidad de Los Lagos, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service-Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Parrots International, Amigos de las Aves-USA Parrot Conservation Fund, International Conure Association, GEF SIRAP, FONDECYT 11080085, and Tony Pittman. G. Ritchison and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that helped improve the manuscript. We thank all the landowners who allowed us to access parakeet nests on their property and the several volunteers that helped us to monitor nests. Chile's Forest Service provided digital vegetation maps. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1111/jofo.12001 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 095IX UT WOS:000315329000002 ER PT J AU Zartman, RE Kempton, PD Paces, JB Downes, H Williams, IS Dobosi, G Futa, K AF Zartman, Robert E. Kempton, Pamela D. Paces, James B. Downes, Hilary Williams, Ian S. Dobosi, Gabor Futa, Kiyoto TI Lower-Crustal Xenoliths from Jurassic Kimberlite Diatremes, Upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic Orogenesis and Plume Magmatism in the Lower Crust of the Southern Superior Province SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE xenolith; continental lithosphere; geochemistry; radiogenic isotopes ID MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM; WOLF RIVER BATHOLITH; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NORTHERN BALTIC SHIELD; TRACE-ELEMENT EVIDENCE; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; LAKES TECTONIC ZONE; GRANULITE XENOLITHS; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY AB Jurassic kimberlites in the southern Superior Province in northern Michigan contain a variety of possible lower-crustal xenoliths, including mafic garnet granulites, rare garnet-free granulites, amphibolites and eclogites. Whole-rock major-element data for the granulites suggest affinities with tholeiitic basalts. P-T estimates for granulites indicate peak temperatures of 690-730 degrees C and pressures of 9-12 kbar, consistent with seismic estimates of crustal thickness in the region. The granulites can be divided into two groups based on trace-element characteristics. Group 1 granulites have trace-element signatures similar to average Archean lower crust; they are light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched, with high La/Nb ratios and positive Pb anomalies. Most plot to the left of the geochron on a Pb-206/Pb-204 vs Pb-207/Pb-204 diagram, and there was probably widespread incorporation of Proterozoic to Archean components into the magmatic protoliths of these rocks. Although the age of the Group 1 granulites is not well constrained, their protoliths appear to be have been emplaced during the Mesoproterozoic and to be older than those for Group 2 granulites. Group 2 granulites are also LREE-enriched, but have strong positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low La/Nb ratios, suggesting intraplate magmatic affinities. They have trace-element characteristics similar to those of some Mid-Continent Rift (Keweenawan) basalts. They yield a Sm-Nd whole-rock errorchron age of 1046 +/- 140 Ma, similar to that of Mid-Continent Rift plume magmatism. These granulites have unusually radiogenic Pb isotope compositions that plot above the Pb-207/Pb-204 vs Pb-206/Pb-204 growth curve and to the right of the 4 center dot 55 Ga geochron, and closely resemble the Pb isotope array defined by Mid-Continent Rift basalts. These Pb isotope data indicate that ancient continental lower crust is not uniformly depleted in U (and Th) relative to Pb. One granulite xenolith, S69-5, contains quartz, and has a unique peraluminous composition. It has the lowest epsilon(Nd) and epsilon(Hf) values of the suite. Its isotopic compositions indicate that it is significantly older than the other granulites. Broken zircon cores encased by younger overgrowths suggest that this granulite includes a large component of pre-existing sedimentary rocks. Two distinct populations of zircons from S69-5 were dated by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe. Abundant rounded zircons yield ages of 1104 +/- 42 (2 Sigma) Ma, which coincide with the Mid-Continent Rift flood basalt eruptions. Their morphology is similar to those found in lower-crustal rocks that have undergone granulite-facies metamorphism and thus they are considered to represent the age of Group 2 granulites. Also present are less abundant elongate zircon grains that yield a mean age of 1387 +/- 32 (2 Sigma) Ma. Their elongate shapes indicate growth from a melt or fluid, possibly associated with 1 center dot 3-1 center dot 5 Ga anorogenic granite magmatism exposed in the shallow crust to the south in Wisconsin, or related to an initial encroachment of the Keweenawan plume upon the lower crust. Older ages recognized in zircon cores are less well constrained but may be related to tectono-magmatic events in the southern Superior craton. Within the studied suite only S69-5 was recognized as a remnant of the Late Archean lower crust into which the Group 1 and 2 mafic granulite precursor basalts were intruded. Collectively, the data show that the lower crust beneath northern Michigan formed in Archean times and underwent a variety of tectono-magmatic processes throughout the Proterozoic, including orogenesis, partial melting and mafic magmatic underplating in response to upwelling mantle plumes. C1 [Zartman, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kempton, Pamela D.] NERC, Swindon SN2 1EU, Wilts, England. [Paces, James B.; Futa, Kiyoto] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Downes, Hilary] Birkbeck Univ London, Department Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Williams, Ian S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Dobosi, Gabor] Res Ctr Earth Sci, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. RP Zartman, RE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rzartman@mit.edu RI Williams, Ian/F-4302-2012 OI Williams, Ian/0000-0003-4465-6493 NR 117 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 39 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 54 IS 3 BP 575 EP 608 DI 10.1093/petrology/egs079 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093TW UT WOS:000315216300006 ER PT J AU Adams, HD Germino, MJ Breshears, DD Barron-Gafford, GA Guardiola-Claramonte, M Zou, CB Huxman, TE AF Adams, Henry D. Germino, Matthew J. Breshears, David D. Barron-Gafford, Greg A. Guardiola-Claramonte, Maite Zou, Chris B. Huxman, Travis E. TI Nonstructural leaf carbohydrate dynamics of Pinus edulis during drought-induced tree mortality reveal role for carbon metabolism in mortality mechanism SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biosphereatmosphere feedbacks; carbon starvation; drought impacts; global change; hydraulic failure; mortality mechanism; nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs); tree mortality ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIE-OFF; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; VEGETATION MORTALITY; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; PONDEROSA PINE; USE EFFICIENCY; FOREST CARBON; LIMITATION AB Vegetation change is expected with global climate change, potentially altering ecosystem function and climate feedbacks. However, causes of plant mortality, which are central to vegetation change, are understudied, and physiological mechanisms remain unclear, particularly the roles of carbon metabolism and xylem function. We report analysis of foliar nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and associated physiology from a previous experiment where earlier drought-induced mortality of Pinus edulis at elevated temperatures was associated with greater cumulative respiration. Here, we predicted faster NSC decline for warmed trees than for ambient-temperature trees. Foliar NSC in droughted trees declined by 30% through mortality and was lower than in watered controls. NSC decline resulted primarily from decreased sugar concentrations. Starch initially declined, and then increased above pre-drought concentrations before mortality. Although temperature did not affect NSC and sugar, starch concentrations ceased declining and increased earlier with higher temperatures. Reduced foliar NSC during lethal drought indicates a carbon metabolism role in mortality mechanism. Although carbohydrates were not completely exhausted at mortality, temperature differences in starch accumulation timing suggest that carbon metabolism changes are associated with time to death. Drought mortality appears to be related to temperature-dependent carbon dynamics concurrent with increasing hydraulic stress in P.edulis and potentially other similar species. C1 [Adams, Henry D.; Breshears, David D.; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Guardiola-Claramonte, Maite; Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Adams, Henry D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zou, Chris B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Environm Biol, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. RP Adams, HD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM adamshd@lanl.gov RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Zou, Chris/A-5039-2010 OI Zou, Chris/0000-0003-0080-2866 FU Philecology Foundation; US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service [2005-38420-15809]; US Department of Energy National Institute for Climate Change Research Grant [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-043526, EAR-0724985, EPScoR 0814387]; STAR Fellowship [FP-91717801-0]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The authors would like to thank Biosphere 2 staff, research technicians, and interns for assistance with the experiment, and particularly Genna Gallas and Bhawika Sharma Lamichhane for help with sample preparation and NSC analysis. We thank Mohammad Torabi with Statistical Consulting for statistical assistance. We also thank Rebecca Minor, Andrew Moyes, David Tissue, Melanie Zeppel and four anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of the manuscript, in addition to the community at large currently tackling this issue. This research was funded by the Philecology Foundation, US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service Grant 2005-38420-15809, US Department of Energy National Institute for Climate Change Research Grant DE-FC02-06ER64159, and US National Science Foundation Grants DEB-043526, EAR-0724985, and EPScoR 0814387. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP-91717801-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This paper has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 9 U2 197 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 197 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1151 DI 10.1111/nph.12102 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086AU UT WOS:000314656200014 PM 23311898 ER PT J AU Lovich, JE Ennen, JR AF Lovich, Jeffrey E. Ennen, Joshua R. TI Assessing the state of knowledge of utility-scale wind energy development and operation on non-volant terrestrial and marine wildlife SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Desert tortoise; Impacts; Terrestrial and marine wildlife; Turbine; Wind energy ID TORTOISE GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; RENEWABLE-ENERGY; DESERT TORTOISE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAT FATALITIES; MOJAVE DESERT; MULE DEER; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT AB A great deal has been published in the scientific literature regarding the effects of wind energy development and operation on volant (flying) wildlife including birds and bats, although knowledge of how to mitigate negative impacts is still imperfect. We reviewed the peer-reviewed scientific literature for information on the known and potential effects of utility-scale wind energy development and operation (USWEDO) on terrestrial and marine non-volant wildlife and found that very little has been published on the topic. Following a similar review for solar energy we identified known and potential effects due to construction and eventual decommissioning of wind energy facilities. Many of the effects are similar and include direct mortality, environmental impacts of destruction and modification of habitat including impacts of roads, and offsite impacts related to construction material acquisition, processing and transportation. Known and potential effects due to operation and maintenance of facilities include habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow, as well as effects due to noise, vibration and shadow flicker, electromagnetic field generation, macro- and micro-climate change, predator attraction, and increased fire risk. The scarcity of before-after-control-impact studies hinders the ability to rigorously quantify the effects of USWEDO on non-volant wildlife. We conclude that more empirical data are currently needed to fully assess the impact of USWEDO on non-volant wildlife. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Ennen, Joshua R.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lovich, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov; jennen81@gmail.com OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 FU California Energy Commission, Research Development and Demonstration Division, Public Interest Energy Research program FX Earlier versions of the manuscript benefitted from comments offered by John Mathias, Misa Milliron, Ken Nussear, Linda Spiegel, Marijke van Heeswijk and Brian Wooldridge. Special thanks to Emily Waldron and Caleb Loughran for their assistance with literature searches. Research was generously supported by a grant from the California Energy Commission, Research Development and Demonstration Division, Public Interest Energy Research program. Meaghan Liszewski and Mickey Agha assisted with manuscript preparation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 105 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 130 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD MAR PY 2013 VL 103 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.001 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 086FM UT WOS:000314669500006 ER PT J AU Crowhurst, RS Mullins, TD Mutayoba, BM Epps, CW AF Crowhurst, Rachel S. Mullins, Tom D. Mutayoba, Benezeth M. Epps, Clinton W. TI Characterization of eight polymorphic loci for Maasai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) using non-invasive genetic samples SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Giraffa camelopardalis; Microsatellite; Illumina sequencing; Non-invasive sampling AB We used Illumina sequencing to develop eight novel microsatellite loci for Maasai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), and screened them using fecal DNA. Genetic diversity was assessed for 40 individuals from the Katavi National Park/Rukwa Game Reserve ecosystem in Tanzania. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14 (mean = 6.2) and mean expected heterozygosity was moderate (range 0.025-0.838, mean = 0.527). These markers were successfully tested using degraded DNA and may be useful for future studies of giraffe, especially those that use non-invasive sampling techniques. C1 [Crowhurst, Rachel S.; Epps, Clinton W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mullins, Tom D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mutayoba, Benezeth M.] Sokoine Univ Agr, Dept Vet Physiol Biochem Pharmacol & Toxicol, Morogoro, Tanzania. RP Crowhurst, RS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Crowhurst.Rachel@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [0602082]; Natural Sciences Engineering and Research Council of Canada; Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation; American Society of Mammalogists; Oregon State University FX We thank the Tanzanian Wildlife Research Institute (COSTECH permits 2006-266-ER-2006-133, 2007-195-ER-2006-133, 2009-164-ER-2006-133), Tanzanian National Parks (TANAPA) and the Tanzanian Wildlife Division, as well as the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State University, Alana Alexander and Kendra Hoekzema. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (International Research Fellowship Program #0602082), Natural Sciences Engineering and Research Council of Canada, Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation, an American Society of Mammalogists grant in aid of research, and Oregon State University. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9739-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 086KP UT WOS:000314682800021 ER PT J AU Munguia-Vega, A Klimova, A Culver, M AF Munguia-Vega, Adrian Klimova, Anastasia Culver, Melanie TI New microsatellite loci isolated via next-generation sequencing for two endangered pronghorn from the Sonoran Desert SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Sonoran desert; Microsatellites; Ungulates ID ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA; MANAGEMENT; MARKERS AB We isolated 16 novel microsatellite loci in two subspecies of endangered desert pronghorns (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis and Antilocapra americana peninsularis) using a shotgun pyrosequencing approach. All and 87.5 % of the loci were polymorphic within each subspecies, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4.86 (range 2-8) and 2.5 alleles per locus (range 1-4 alleles), and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 (mean 0.48) and 0.00 to 0.61 (mean 0.31), respectively. We did not find significant linkage disequilibrium among loci pairs and only one locus deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in peninsularis. C1 [Munguia-Vega, Adrian] Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Munguia-Vega, Adrian] Comunidad & Biodiversidad AC, Guaymas 85420, Sonora, Mexico. [Klimova, Anastasia] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Baja California, Mexico. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Conservat Genet Lab,Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Munguia-Vega, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, BSE-317,1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM airdrian@email.arizona.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9749-8 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 086KP UT WOS:000314682800030 ER PT J AU Peron, G AF Peron, Guillaume TI Compensation and additivity of anthropogenic mortality: life-history effects and review of methods SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive mortality; capturemarkrecapture; capturerecovery; compensatory mortality; fisheries; life-history canalization; population growth rate; recreational hunting; survival; sustainability ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; BIRD POPULATION; GENERATION TIME; SURVIVAL; HARVEST; MAMMALS AB Demographic compensation, the increase in average individual performance following a perturbation that reduces population size, and, its opposite, demographic overadditivity (or superadditivity) are central processes in both population ecology and wildlife management. A continuum of population responses to changes in cause-specific mortality exists, of which additivity and complete compensation constitute particular points. The position of a population on that continuum influences its ability to sustain exploitation and predation. Here I describe a method for quantifying where a population is on the continuum. Based on variancecovariance formulae, I describe a simple metric for the rate of compensationadditivity. I synthesize the results from 10 wildlife capturerecapture monitoring programmes from the literature and online databases, reviewing current statistical methods and the treatment of common sources of bias. These results are used to test hypotheses regarding the effects of life-history strategy, population density, average cause-specific mortality and age class on the rate of compensationadditivity. This comparative analysis highlights that long-lived species compensate less than short-lived species and that populations below their carrying capacity compensate less than those above. C1 [Peron, Guillaume] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 FU Quinney postdoctoral fellowship at Utah State University FX This work was funded by a Quinney postdoctoral fellowship at Utah State University. I am also grateful to all people involved in data collection and management of the GameBirds database, to V. Rolland and O. Devineau for sharing some of their files, to D. N. Koons, M. Schaub, B. K. Sandercock and two anonymous referees for their comments on earlier versions of this article. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 82 IS 2 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12014 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 092LD UT WOS:000315122100013 PM 23194410 ER PT J AU Parsons, EWR Maron, JL Martin, TE AF Parsons, Elliott W. R. Maron, John L. Martin, Thomas E. TI Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high-elevation drainages SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; deer mice; exclosure; habitat quality; herbivory; indirect effects; northern Arizona; Rocky Mountain elk; small mammals; voles ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AFRICAN SAVANNA; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; VEGETATIVE COVER; PATCH-SCALE; COMMUNITIES; IMPACTS; PLANT; POPULATIONS AB Heavy herbivory by ungulates can substantially alter habitat, but the indirect consequences of habitat modification for animal assemblages that rely on that habitat are not well studied. This is a particularly important topic given that climate change can alter plantherbivore interactions. We explored short-term responses of small mammal communities to recent exclusion of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in high-elevation riparian drainages in northern Arizona, where elk impacts on vegetation have increased over the past quarter century associated with climate change. We used 10-ha elk exclosures paired with unfenced control drainages to examine how browsing influenced the habitat use, relative abundance, richness and diversity of a small mammal assemblage. We found that the small mammal assemblage changed significantly after 5years of elk exclusion. Relative abundance of voles (Microtus mexicanus) increased in exclosure drainages, likely due to an increase in habitat quality. The relative abundances of woodrats (Neotoma neomexicana) and two species of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P.boylii) decreased in the controls, while remaining stable in exclosures. The decline of mice in control drainages was likely due to the decline in shrub cover that they use. Thus, elk exclusion may have maintained or improved habitat for mice inside the exclosures while habitat quality and mouse abundance both declined outside the fences. Finally, small mammal species richness increased in the exclosures relative to the controls while species diversity showed no significant trends. Together, our results show that relaxation of heavy herbivore pressure by a widespread native ungulate can lead to rapid changes in small mammal assemblages. Moreover, exclusion of large herbivores can yield rapid responses by vegetation that may enhance or maintain habitat quality for small mammal populations. C1 [Parsons, Elliott W. R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Maron, John L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Parsons, EWR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM eparsons@hawaii.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU U.S.G.S. Climate Change Research Program FX We thank Vanetta Burton for extensive help with logistics as well as Amy Stokes and Karie Decker for doing an excellent job directing field camp. We thank Matt Genotte, Andrew Hoar, Mireille Martel, Eric Newkirk, Mark Peyton, Mark Abraham, Clinton Prenger, Sheila Holmes, Alyson Singer, Tommy Esson, Todd Kinnard, Alex Miller, Ryan Kindermann and Christopher Cleveland who all served as small mammal live-trapping research technicians between 2004 and 2009. We also thank Matt Kauffman, Jedediah Brodie, Mary Bricker, Jennifer Williams, Jennifer Palladini and Megan Jankowski who helped inspire and critique this work, and Dan Barton, Sasha Reed, Nick DeCesare and Solomon Harrar for help with the statistical analysis. Constructive comments from Kerry Foresman, Ray Callaway, Anna Chalfoun, Art Woods, Anne Greene and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Special thanks for the staff of Coconino National Forest for allowing and encouraging this work. This work was supported by the U.S.G.S. Climate Change Research Program. This work was approved prior to initiation by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Montana under permits # 003-05 and # 004-08. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 82 IS 2 BP 459 EP 467 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 092LD UT WOS:000315122100018 PM 23163813 ER PT J AU Hope, AG Takebayashi, N Galbreath, KE Talbot, SL Cook, JA AF Hope, Andrew G. Takebayashi, Naoki Galbreath, Kurt E. Talbot, Sandra L. Cook, Joseph A. TI Temporal, spatial and ecological dynamics of speciation among amphi-Beringian small mammals SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian skyline plot; comparative phylogeography; historical biogeography; msBayes; Pleistocene refugium; simultaneous divergence ID VOLE MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; COLLARED LEMMINGS DICROSTONYX; SOREX-CINEREUS GROUP; HOLARCTIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLEISTOCENE REFUGIA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GLACIAL REFUGIA; ICE AGES AB Aim Quaternary climate cycles played an important role in promoting diversification across the Northern Hemisphere, although details of the mechanisms driving evolutionary change are still poorly resolved. In a comparative phylogeographical framework, we investigate temporal, spatial and ecological components of evolution within a suite of Holarctic small mammals. We test a hypothesis of simultaneous divergence among multiple taxon pairs, investigating time to coalescence and demographic change for each taxon in response to a combination of climate and geography. Location Beringia, the nexus of the northern continents. Methods We used approximate Bayesian computation methods to test for simultaneous divergence among eight pairs of taxa, using cytochrome b gene sequences. We calculated coalescence times for eastern and western components of each pair and for the combined pairs, and relate dates to Quaternary climatic periodicity and combinations of environmental events and physical barriers. Population growth and expansion statistics were used to test evolutionary responses among taxa, including range shifts, persistence or periodic extirpation. Species distribution models (SDMs) for each taxon were used to predict their geographical ranges during the present interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum and previous interglacial. Results Multiple divergence events across Beringia were primarily coincident with extreme glacial cycles of the late Quaternary. Structure within Beringia is spatially consistent with at least three environmental barriers arising at different times: the Kolyma Uplands, Bering Strait and portions of the Bering Isthmus. Levels of divergence varied substantially, indicating evolutionary processes spanning deep and shallow time-scales. The different demographics among taxa reflect their distinct ecological responses. SDMs predicted regional distributional changes through time and different spatial responses among taxa. Main conclusions Beringia predominantly constituted a dispersal corridor during the early Quaternary and a major centre of endemism in the late Quaternary. Coincident with severe glacial cycles, small mammal species were caught' in Beringia and diversified over multiple climatic phases. Relative genetic differentiation across Beringia appears to be related to ecological differences reflecting a gradual adaptation to Beringian environments through time. Some methodological constraints associated with resolving recent (late Quaternary) isolation events or drawing inferences from a single locus are discussed. C1 [Hope, Andrew G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hope, Andrew G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hope, Andrew G.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Takebayashi, Naoki] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Takebayashi, Naoki] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Galbreath, Kurt E.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Hope, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ahope@usgs.gov OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 FU American Society of Mammalogists; National Park Service; Beringian Coevolution Project [NSF0196095, 0415668]; UNM Biology Department Gaudin Scholarship; U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive Department of the Interior (DOI) on the Landscape initiative FX Statistical analyses were facilitated by the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Life Science Informatics Portal, accessed online at http://biotech.inbre.alaska.edu/. Funding was provided by the American Society of Mammalogists Grants-in-Aid of Research, National Park Service, Beringian Coevolution Project (NSF0196095 and 0415668), UNM Biology Department Gaudin Scholarship, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive Department of the Interior (DOI) on the Landscape initiative. We thank E. P. Hoberg and D.J. Hafner for insightful comments. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1111/jbi.12056 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 089PM UT WOS:000314922500002 ER PT J AU Meece, JK Anderson, JL Gruszka, S Sloss, BL Sullivan, B Reed, KD AF Meece, Jennifer K. Anderson, Jennifer L. Gruszka, Sarah Sloss, Brian L. Sullivan, Bradley Reed, Kurt D. TI Variation in Clinical Phenotype of Human Infection Among Genetic Groups of Blastomyces dermatitidis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blastomyces dermatitidis; blastomycosis; virulence; population genetics; clinical phenotype; genetic groups ID ESSENTIAL VIRULENCE FACTOR; ALPHA PRODUCTION; WISCONSIN; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; PATHOGENICITY; DIVERSITY; OUTBREAKS; IMPACT; TREES; SOIL AB Background. Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, has 2 genetic groups and shows varied clinical presentation, ranging from silent infections to fulminant respiratory disease and dissemination. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical phenotype and outcomes vary based on the infecting organism's genetic group. Methods. We used microsatellites to genotype 227 clinical isolates of B. dermatitidis from Wisconsin patients. For each isolate, corresponding clinical disease characteristics and patient demographic information were abstracted from electronic health records and Wisconsin Division of Health reportable disease forms and questionnaires. Results. In univariate analysis, group 1 isolates were more likely to be associated with pulmonary-only infections (P < .0001) and constitutional symptoms such as fever (P < .0001). In contrast, group 2 isolates were more likely to be associated with disseminated disease (P < .0001), older patient age (P < .0001), and comorbidities (P = .0019). In multivariate analysis, disease onset to diagnosis of > 1 month (P < .0001), older age at diagnosis (P < .0001), and current smoking status (P = .0001) remained predictors for group 2 infections. Conclusions. This study identified previously unknown associations between clinical phenotype of human infection and genetic groups of B. dermatitidis and provides a framework for further investigations of the genetic basis for virulence in B. dermatitidis. C1 [Meece, Jennifer K.; Anderson, Jennifer L.; Gruszka, Sarah; Sullivan, Bradley] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Reed, Kurt D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Meece, JK (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM meece.jennifer@mcrf.mfldclin.edu FU Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation internal grant [SUL10209]; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois FX Financial support for this work was provided by a Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation internal grant, SP code SUL10209 and the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 207 IS 5 BP 814 EP 822 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis756 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 089FD UT WOS:000314894600015 PM 23230057 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Bartsch, A Joly, K Reynolds, JH Orlando, A Loya, WM AF Wilson, Ryan R. Bartsch, Annett Joly, Kyle Reynolds, Joel H. Orlando, Anne Loya, Wendy M. TI Frequency, timing, extent, and size of winter thaw-refreeze events in Alaska 2001-2008 detected by remotely sensed microwave backscatter data SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Freezing rain; Ice; QuikSCAT; Rain-on-snow; Remote sensing; ROS; Scatterometer; Snow characteristics ID RANGIFER-TARANDUS; SNOW EVENTS; REINDEER; CLIMATE; POPULATION; UNGULATE; DYNAMICS; CARIBOU; NORTH; RAIN AB Creation of ice layers in snow due to thaw-refreeze events can lock away winter forage, preventing access by large mammals and causing population declines. Data are limited, however, on the frequency, timing, extent, and size of thaw-refreeze events in northern latitudes given the area's remoteness and paucity of weather stations. We used a remote sensing approach to detect thaw-refreeze events in Alaska during winter between 2001 and 2008. We also compared these results to a regional climate reanalysis dataset that identified rain events (freezing and non-freezing rain). All areas of the state, except high elevation sites, had a parts per thousand yen1 thaw-refreeze event during the study period. Southwestern Alaska had the highest frequency of thaw-refreeze events with an average of > 4 events each winter, whereas northern Alaska had the lowest frequency with an average of < 2 events. We observed substantial inter-annual variation in the distribution and frequency of thaw-refreeze events. For most of the state, thaw-refreeze occurred at similar rates each winter month, except in northern Alaska where thaw-refreeze events were most frequent in early and later winter. The median extent of individual thaw-refreeze events was 469 km(2), however, events in the interior of the state tended to be larger. Remotely sensed thaw-refreeze detections generally had low correspondence with observations from the climate reanalysis dataset. Our results support the use of remotely sensed data to identify thaw-refreeze events. C1 [Wilson, Ryan R.; Loya, Wendy M.] Wilderness Soc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Bartsch, Annett] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Joly, Kyle] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Reynolds, Joel H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Orlando, Anne] Selawik Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kotzebue, AK 99752 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), Wilderness Soc, 705 Christensen Dr, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM ryan.radford.wilson@gmail.com OI Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931 FU Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX This study was funded by the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We thank S. McAffee, M. Cornelison, J. Dau, and B. Griffith for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1272-6 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088RB UT WOS:000314852300011 ER PT J AU Schoolmaster, DR Grace, JB Schweiger, EW Guntenspergen, GR Mitchell, BR Miller, KM Little, AM AF Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. Grace, James B. Schweiger, E. William Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Mitchell, Brian R. Miller, Kathryn M. Little, Amanda M. TI An algorithmic and information-theoretic approach to multimetric index construction SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Index of biological integrity; Information theory; Bioassessment; Disturbance ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; REGRESSION; STREAMS; SCALE; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS AB The use of multimetric indices (MMIs), such as the widely used index of biological integrity (IBI), to measure, track, summarize and infer the overall impact of human disturbance on biological communities has been steadily growing in recent years. Initially, MMIs were developed for aquatic communities using pre-selected biological metrics as indicators of system integrity. As interest in these bioassessment tools has grown, so have the types of biological systems to which they are applied. For many ecosystem types the appropriate biological metrics to use as measures of biological integrity are not known a priori. As a result, a variety of ad hoc protocols for selecting metrics empirically has developed. However, the assumptions made by proposed protocols have not be explicitly described or justified, causing many investigators to call for a clear, repeatable methodology for developing empirically derived metrics and indices that can be applied to any biological system. An issue of particular importance that has not been sufficiently addressed is the way that individual metrics combine to produce an MMI that is a sensitive composite indicator of human disturbance. In this paper, we present and demonstrate an algorithm for constructing MMIs given a set of candidate metrics and a measure of human disturbance. The algorithm uses each metric to inform a candidate MMI, and then uses information-theoretic principles to select MMIs that capture the information in the multidimensional system response from among possible MMIs. Such an approach can be used to create purely empirical (data-based) MMIs or can, optionally, be influenced by expert opinion or biological theory through the use of a weighting vector to create value-weighted MMIs. We demonstrate the algorithm with simulated data to demonstrate the predictive capacity of the final MMIs and with real data from wetlands from Acadia and Rocky Mountain National Parks. For the Acadia wetland data, the algorithm identified 4 metrics that combined to produce a -0.88 correlation with the human disturbance index. When compared to other methods, we find this algorithmic approach resulted in MMIs that were more predictive and comprise fewer metrics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Schweiger, E. William] Natl Pk Serv, Rocky Mt Network, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mitchell, Brian R.] Natl Pk Serv, NE Temperate Network, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Miller, Kathryn M.] Natl Pk Serv, NE Temperate Network, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Little, Amanda M.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. RP Schoolmaster, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Five Rivers Serv LLC, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM schoolmasterd@usgs.gov OI Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs FX We thank Acadia National Park and especially David Manski for support in data collection. We also thank Ed Hall and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported, in part, by funding from the USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.016 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083RP UT WOS:000314483200003 ER PT J AU Hill, RA Hawkins, CP Carlisle, DM AF Hill, Ryan A. Hawkins, Charles P. Carlisle, Daren M. TI Predicting thermal reference conditions for USA streams and rivers SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; dams; land use; modeling; prediction; Random Forests; reference condition; reservoirs; rivers; streams; temperature; urbanization ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; WATER TEMPERATURE; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; NEW-BRUNSWICK; REGRESSION; ECOSYSTEMS; INTEGRITY; HABITAT AB Temperature is a primary driver of the structure and function of stream ecosystems. However, the lack of stream temperature (ST) data for the vast majority of streams and rivers severely compromises our ability to describe patterns of thermal variation among streams, test hypotheses regarding the effects of temperature on macroecological patterns, and assess the effects of altered STs on ecological resources. Our goal was to develop empirical models that could: 1) quantify the effects of stream and watershed alteration (SWA) on STs, and 2) accurately and precisely predict natural (i.e., reference condition) STs in conterminous USA streams and rivers. We modeled 3 ecologically important elements of the thermal regime: mean summer, mean winter, and mean annual ST. To build reference-condition models (RCMs), we used daily mean ST data obtained from several thousand US Geological Survey temperature sites distributed across the conterminous USA and iteratively modeled ST with Random Forests to identify sites in reference condition. We first created a set of dirty models (DMs) that related STs to both natural factors (e.g., climate, watershed area, topography) and measures of SWA, i.e., reservoirs, urbanization, and agriculture. The 3 models performed well (r(2) = 0.84-0.94, residual mean square error [RMSE] = 1.2-2.0 degrees C). For each DM, we used partial dependence plots to identify SWA thresholds below which response in ST was minimal. We then used data from only the sites with upstream SWA below these thresholds to build RCMs with only natural factors as predictors (r(2) = 0.87-0.95, RMSE = 1.1-1.9 degrees C). Use of only reference-quality sites caused RCMs to suffer modest loss of predictor space and spatial coverage, but this loss was associated with parts of ST response curves that were flat and, therefore, not responsive to further variation in predictor space. We then compared predictions made with the RCMs to predictions made with the DMs with SWA set to 0. For most DMs, setting SWAs to 0 resulted in biased estimates of thermal reference condition. C1 [Hill, Ryan A.; Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hill, Ryan A.; Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hill, RA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ryan.hill@usu.edu; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; dcarlisle@usgs.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency [RD834186]; USGS National Water-Quality Assessment program; [G10AC00277] FX This research was jointly supported by a grant (RD834186) from the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency and a cooperative agreement (G10AC00277) with the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment program. We thank James Falcone and David Wolock of the USGS for providing stream temperature data and assistance in data screening. Comments from John Olson, Lester Yuan, Jason May, and 2 anonymous referees improved the manuscript. NR 93 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 79 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1899/12-009.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800004 ER PT J AU Ferguson, CD Blum, MJ Raymer, ML Eackles, MS Krane, DE AF Ferguson, Chad D. Blum, Michael J. Raymer, Michael L. Eackles, Michael S. Krane, Dan E. TI Population structure, multiple paternity, and long-distance transport of spermatozoa in the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Bivalvia:Unionidae) SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE parentage analysis; population connectivity; reproduction; dispersal; conservation ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; NULL ALLELES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BIVALVIA UNIONIDAE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae) are among the most imperiled organisms in North America. Information on the spatial scale of reproduction and population connectivity will better enable mussel conservation programs to sustain long-term population viability, particularly restocking and recovery programs. Here we used genetic methods to characterize population structure, dispersal potential, and reproductive strategies in the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium from Twin Creek and Big Darby Creek (Ohio, USA). We genotyped adults and individual glochidia at 12 microsatellite loci to assess local population structure relative to within-population patterns of relatedness and parentage. Local populations within watersheds were weakly structured, and within-population estimates of relatedness identified probable full- and half-siblings several kilometers apart. Parent offspring comparisons provided evidence of multiple paternity in single broods and identified the likely father of 3 glochidia from 1 female's brood 16.2 km upstream of the mother, indicating that long-distance transport of spermatozoa can promote population connectivity within watersheds. Given that lampsilines and other unionoids exhibit similar reproductive strategies, it is possible that other species are capable of long-distance fertilization. If so, fertilization in populations of many freshwater mussels might not be limited by local density of breeding adults. Therefore, the prospects for recovery of imperiled freshwater mussels might be better than what is now expected. C1 [Ferguson, Chad D.] Wright State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Blum, Michael J.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Raymer, Michael L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Eackles, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Krane, Dan E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ferguson, Chad D.] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Logan, OH 43138 USA. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM chad.ferguson@epa.ohio.gov; mjblum@tulane.edu; michael.raymer@wright.edu; meackles@usgs.gov; dan.krane@wright.edu RI Raymer, Michael/G-3398-2013 OI Raymer, Michael/0000-0003-2649-0792 NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 62 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1899/12-028.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800022 ER PT J AU Somers, KA Bernhardt, ES Grace, JB Hassett, BA Sudduth, EB Wang, SY Urban, DL AF Somers, Kayleigh A. Bernhardt, Emily S. Grace, James B. Hassett, Brooke A. Sudduth, Elizabeth B. Wang, Siyi Urban, Dean L. TI Streams in the urban heat island: spatial and temporal variability in temperature SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermal pollution; urbanization; spatial scale; watershed management; structural equation modeling ID ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; THERMAL REGIMES; LAND-COVER; URBANIZATION; RESTORATION; MODEL; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; CATCHMENTS; RESPONSES AB Streams draining urban heat islands tend to be hotter than rural and forested streams at baseflow because of warmer urban air and ground temperatures, paved surfaces, and decreased riparian canopy. Urban infrastructure efficiently routes runoff over hot impervious surfaces and through storm drains directly into streams and can lead to rapid, dramatic increases in temperature. Thermal regimes affect habitat quality and biogeochemical processes, and changes can be lethal if temperatures exceed upper tolerance limits of aquatic fauna. In summer 2009, we collected continuous (10-min interval) temperature data in 60 streams spanning a range of development intensity in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA. The 5 most urbanized streams averaged 21.1 degrees C at baseflow, compared to 19.5 degrees C in the 5 most forested streams. Temperatures in urban streams rose as much as 4 degrees C during a small regional storm, whereas the same storm led to extremely small to no changes in temperature in forested streams. Over a kilometer of stream length, baseflow temperature varied by as much as 10 degrees C in an urban stream and as little as 2 degrees C in a forested stream. We used structural equation modeling to explore how reach- and catchment-scale attributes interact to explain maximum temperatures and magnitudes of storm-flow temperature surges. The best predictive model of baseflow temperatures (R-2 = 0.461) included moderately strong pathways directly (extent of development and road density) and indirectly, as mediated by reach-scale factors (canopy closure and stream width), from catchment-scale factors. The strongest influence on storm-flow temperature surges appeared to be % development in the catchment. Reach-scale factors, such as the extent of riparian forest and stream width, had little mitigating influence (R-2 = 0.448). Stream temperature is an essential, but overlooked, aspect of the urban stream syndrome and is affected by reach-scale habitat variables, catchment-scale urbanization, and stream thermal regimes. C1 [Somers, Kayleigh A.; Urban, Dean L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.; Hassett, Brooke A.; Wang, Siyi] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.] Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Biol Dept, Lawrenceville, GA 30043 USA. RP Somers, KA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kayleigh.somers@gmail.com; emily.bernhardt@gmail.com; gracej@usgs.gov; brookehassett@gmail.com; elizabeth.sudduth@gmail.com; siyi.wang@gmail.com; deanu@duke.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X FU National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology Grant [0546251]; North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute grant; US Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Landuse Change Programs FX The authors are grateful for the thoughtful and constructive comments and criticisms from Associate Editor Chris Walsh and 2 anonymous referees. We also thank Ken Krauss for internal review of the manuscript, and the 21 people who joined us in the field for deployment, with special appreciation to the fieldwork done by J. Adrignola, M. Losordo, J. Lozier, and B. Philips. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was funded by National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology Grant 0546251 to ESB and a North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute grant to DLU and ESB. JBG was supported through the US Geological Survey Ecosystems and Climate and Landuse Change Programs. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 116 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 309 EP 326 DI 10.1899/12-046.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800025 ER PT J AU Hart, SK Hibbs, DE Perakis, SS AF Hart, Stephanie K. Hibbs, David E. Perakis, Steven S. TI Riparian litter inputs to streams in the central Oregon Coast Range SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Litter; riparian forest; stream; nitrogen; slope; understory; season; red alder; Douglas-fir ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; N-2-FIXING RED ALDER; LEAF-LITTER; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; HEADWATER STREAMS; RAIN-FOREST; ECOSYSTEM; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Riparian-zone vegetation can influence terrestrial and aquatic food webs through variation in the amount, timing, and nutritional content of leaf and other litter inputs. We investigated how riparian-forest community composition, understory density, and lateral slope shaped vertical and lateral litter inputs to 16 streams in the Oregon Coast Range. Riparian forests dominated by deciduous red alder delivered greater annual vertical litter inputs to streams (504 g m(-2) y(-1)) than did riparian forests dominated by coniferous Douglas-fir (394 g m(-2) Deciduous forests also contributed greater lateral litter inputs per meter of stream bank on one side (109 g m(-1) y(-1)) than did coniferous forests (63 g m(-1) y(-1)). Total litter inputs from deciduous forests exceeded those from coniferous forests most strongly in November, coincident with an autumn peak in litter inputs. Lateral litter inputs contributed most to total inputs during winter in both forest types. Annual lateral litter movement increased with slope at deciduous sites, but only in spring/summer months at coniferous sites. Neither experimental removal of understory vegetation nor installation of mesh fences to block downslope litter movement affected lateral litter inputs to streams, suggesting that ground litter moves <5 m downslope annually. N concentrations of several litter fractions were higher at deciduous sites and, when combined with greater litter amounts, yielded twice as much total litter N flux to streams in deciduous than coniferous sites. The presence of red alder in riparian forests along many small streams of the deeply incised and highly dendritic basins of the Oregon Coast Range enhances total fluxes and seasonality of litter delivery to both terrestrial and aquatic food webs in this region and complements the shade and large woody debris provided by large coniferous trees. C1 [Hart, Stephanie K.; Hibbs, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM stephaniehart.work@gmail.com; david.hibbs@oregonstate.edu; steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu FU US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon Department of Forestry; Sauer fellowship; Alfred Moltke fellowship; Robert Tarrant fellowship FX This research was produced through the Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research Program, with funding provided by the US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the Oregon Department of Forestry. We thank Judy Li, Lisa Ganio, Manuela Huso, Chris Catricala, various members of the US Geological Survey's Terrestrial Ecosystems Laboratory, and countless field workers and litter sorters for advice and assistance. Dan Sobota, Joan Hagar, Manuel Graca, and 2 anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The Sauer, Alfred Moltke, and Robert Tarrant fellowships also provided financial support. We thank the Bureau of Land Management, Weyerhaeuser, and Thompson Timber for site access. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 37 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1899/12-074.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 086FZ UT WOS:000314670800027 ER PT J AU Gruber, C Harpaz, L Zhu, C Bullen, TD Ganor, J AF Gruber, Chen Harpaz, Liat Zhu, Chen Bullen, Tom D. Ganor, Jiwchar TI A new approach for measuring dissolution rates of silicate minerals by using silicon isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SURFACE-AREA; COATINGS; RATIOS; 80-DEGREES-C; DEPENDENCE; KAOLINITE AB The two major problems in measuring dissolution rates under close-to-natural conditions in laboratory experiments are: (1) our inability to measure small differences in concentration between solutions with relatively high concentrations and (2) the inherent problem that the change in solution concentration is affected by both the dissolution of the primary mineral and the precipitation of secondary minerals. The present manuscript proposes and tests a novel method, "the isotope ratio method", for measuring slow dissolution rates of silicate minerals by measuring the change in the ratios between stable isotopes of silicon of a spiked solution. Based on mass balance calculations, two equations that describe the dissolution rate of a silicate mineral in a batch reactor and in a flow-through reactor at steady-state are developed. The precipitation rate of the secondary mineral may be calculated by subtracting the release rate of Si that was calculated using isotope dilution from the rate that was calculated using the proposed isotope ratio method. Numerical simulations of flow-through and batch experiments demonstrate that the "isotope ratio method" is significantly more precise than conventional methods. The analytical uncertainty for the determination of dissolution rates was found to be low for the entire range of reported field-based dissolution rates. The calculation showed that even relatively large isotopic fractionations (up to epsilon values of 20 parts per thousand), introduce insignificant uncertainties. Preliminary flow-through experiments support the above conclusion that dissolution rate may be obtained accurately and with small uncertainty using the proposed "isotope ratio method". (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gruber, Chen; Harpaz, Liat; Ganor, Jiwchar] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Zhu, Chen] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bullen, Tom D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gruber, C (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM chengrub@post.bgu.ac.il RI GANOR, JIWCHAR/F-1887-2012; Zhu, Chen/A-5356-2010 OI GANOR, JIWCHAR/0000-0002-5507-925X; Zhu, Chen/0000-0001-5374-6787 FU Yossi Levy Fellowship; NSF [EAR-0509755, EAR-1225733]; State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposits at the Institute of Geochemistry-Guiyang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Faculty Research Support Program from Indiana University; agency of the United States Government FX The initial idea to use isotopes to overcome the obstacles in determining dissolution rate under close-to-natural conditions was proposed by Joel Blum. C. Gruber is grateful for the support by the Yossi Levy Fellowship. CZ acknowledges NSF grants EAR-0509755 and EAR-1225733, a research grant from the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposits at the Institute of Geochemistry-Guiyang, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Faculty Research Support Program from Indiana University. Although the work was partly sponsored by an agency of the United States Government, the views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 104 BP 261 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.022 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 086DV UT WOS:000314664500017 ER PT J AU Conlisk, E Syphard, AD Franklin, J Flint, L Flint, A Regan, H AF Conlisk, Erin Syphard, Alexandra D. Franklin, Janet Flint, Lorraine Flint, Alan Regan, Helen TI Uncertainty in assessing the impacts of global change with coupled dynamic species distribution and population models SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual plant; climate change; conservation management; coupled model; habitat suitability; invasive plants; land-use change; uncertainty ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; RANDOM FORESTS; RANGE SHIFTS; FIRE REGIME; CALIFORNIA; CLASSIFICATION; EXTINCTION; PREDICTION; HABITAT AB Concern over rapid global changes and the potential for interactions among multiple threats are prompting scientists to combine multiple modelling approaches to understand impacts on biodiversity. A relatively recent development is the combination of species distribution models, land-use change predictions, and dynamic population models to predict the relative and combined impacts of climate change, land-use change, and altered disturbance regimes on species' extinction risk. Each modelling component introduces its own source of uncertainty through different parameters and assumptions, which, when combined, can result in compounded uncertainty that can have major implications for management. Although some uncertainty analyses have been conducted separately on various model components such as climate predictions, species distribution models, land-use change predictions, and population models a unified sensitivity analysis comparing various sources of uncertainty in combined modelling approaches is needed to identify the most influential and problematic assumptions. We estimated the sensitivities of long-run population predictions to different ecological assumptions and parameter settings for a rare and endangered annual plant species (Acanthomintha ilicifolia, or San Diego thornmint). Uncertainty about habitat suitability predictions, due to the choice of species distribution model, contributed most to variation in predictions about long-run populations. C1 [Conlisk, Erin] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Flint, Lorraine; Flint, Alan] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Conlisk, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM erin.conlisk@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0 824 708]; Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159] FX We thank E. Bauder (San Diego State University), J. Snap-Cook (US Fish and Wildlife Service), J. Vinje (Center for Natural Lands Management), P. Gordon-Reedy (Conservation Biology Institute), the San Diego Thornmint Working Group for field observations and background information, and M. Hawke (San Diego Natural History Museum) for distribution data. Special thanks to J. Conlisk and M. Daugherty for discussions about content and presentation. National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-0 824 708) and Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64159) grants funded this project. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 134 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 3 BP 858 EP 869 DI 10.1111/gcb.12090 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CV UT WOS:000314219700017 PM 23504842 ER PT J AU Krushelnycky, PD Loope, LL Giambelluca, TW Starr, F Starr, K Drake, DR Taylor, AD Robichaux, RH AF Krushelnycky, Paul D. Loope, Lloyd L. Giambelluca, Thomas W. Starr, Forest Starr, Kim Drake, Donald R. Taylor, Andrew D. Robichaux, Robert H. TI Climate-associated population declines reverse recovery and threaten future of an iconic high-elevation plant SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine plants; Argyroxyphium sandwicense; biodiversity loss; climate change ecology; hotspot; population declines; silversword ID SILVERSWORD ALLIANCE COMPOSITAE; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; GIANT ROSETTE PLANT; DROUGHT; ALPINE; TEMPERATURE; EXTINCTION; MOUNTAIN; MADIINAE; FOREST AB Although climate change is predicted to place mountain-top and other narrowly endemic species at severe risk of extinction, the ecological processes involved in such extinctions are still poorly resolved. In addition, much of this biodiversity loss will likely go unobserved, and therefore largely unappreciated. The Haleakala silversword is restricted to a single volcano summit in Hawaii, but is a highly charismatic giant rosette plant that is viewed by 12 million visitors annually. We link detailed local climate data to a lengthy demographic record, and combine both with a population-wide assessment of recent plant mortality and recruitment, to show that after decades of strong recovery following successful management, this iconic species has entered a period of substantial climate-associated decline. Mortality has been highest at the lower end of the distributional range, where most silverswords occur, and the strong association of annual population growth rates with patterns of precipitation suggests an increasing frequency of lethal water stress. Local climate data confirm trends toward warmer and drier conditions on the mountain, and signify a bleak outlook for silverswords if these trends continue. The silversword example foreshadows trouble for diversity in other biological hotspots, and illustrates how even well-protected and relatively abundant species may succumb to climate-induced stresses. C1 [Krushelnycky, Paul D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Loope, Lloyd L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Starr, Forest; Starr, Kim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Drake, Donald R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Taylor, Andrew D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Robichaux, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Krushelnycky, PD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM pauldk@hawaii.edu RI Taylor, Andrew/I-5040-2012; OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; USGS Global Change Research Program; USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; NSF Hawaii EPSCoR [EPS-0903833]; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative award [FSR1-PICCC-FY2010] FX Funding came from the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The first two agencies have funded work on silversword ecology and the HaleNet microclimate network spanning 2-3 decades. Ron Nagata, Stephen Anderson, and many other personnel of Haleakala National Park have provided assistance with the logistics of the HaleNet stations as well as other research support. HaleNet has also been supported by funding from the USGS Global Change Research Program, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, NSF Hawaii EPSCoR grant no. EPS-0903833, and Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative award no. FSR1-PICCC-FY2010. Jim Jacobi provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Numerous staff and volunteers have assisted with silversword surveys since 1982, including D. Adamski, C. Chimera, J. Duros, C. Morden, T. Motley, and B. Wardlow. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 3 BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1111/gcb.12111 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CV UT WOS:000314219700022 PM 23504847 ER PT J AU Herrmann, SM Tappan, GG AF Herrmann, S. M. Tappan, G. G. TI Vegetation impoverishment despite greening: A case study from central Senegal SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Desertification; NDVI; Remote sensing; Sahel; Species richness; Woody vegetation ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; NURSE PLANTS; RESTORATION; ENVIRONMENTS; FACILITATION; METAANALYSIS; FOREST AB Recent remote sensing studies have documented a greening trend in the semi-arid Sahel and Sudan zones of West Africa since the early 1980s, which challenges the mainstream paradigm of irreversible land degradation in this region. What the greening trend means on the ground, however, has not yet been explored. This research focuses on a region in central Senegal to examine changes in woody vegetation abundance and composition in selected sites by means of a botanical inventory of woody vegetation species, repeat photography, and perceptions of local land users. Despite the greening, an impoverishment of the woody vegetation cover was observed in the studied sites, indicated by an overall reduction in woody species richness, a loss of large trees, an increasing dominance of shrubs, and a shift towards more arid-tolerant, Sahelian species since 1983. Thus, interpretation of the satellite-derived greening trend as an improvement or recovery is not always justified. The case of central Senegal represents only one of several possible pathways of greening throughout the region, all of which result in similar satellite-derived greening signals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Herrmann, S. M.] Univ Arizona, SNRE, OALS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tappan, G. G.] USGS, EROS, Data Ctr Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Herrmann, SM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, SNRE, OALS, 1955 E 6th St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM stefanie@ag.arizona.edu; tappan@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [0753486] FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Geography and Spatial Sciences Program (Grant No. 0753486). The authors are grateful to Abdoul Aziz Diouf and Oumar Ndao Gning for their assistance with the vegetation inventory and acknowledge Mamadou Baro, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Amadou Hadj, Aminata Niang and Thomas Park for sharing the data on trees collected in focus group discussions. Chuck Hutchinson provided valuable feedback, which helped improve the manuscript. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 59 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 90 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.10.020 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083SN UT WOS:000314485600008 ER PT J AU Moreno, JM Torres, I Luna, B Oechel, WC Keeley, JE AF Moreno, Jose M. Torres, Ivan Luna, Belen Oechel, Walter C. Keeley, Jon E. TI Changes in fire intensity have carry-over effects on plant responses after the next fire in southern California chaparral SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adenostoma; Ceanothus; Fire cycle; Fire regime; Fire season; Fire severity; Post-fire recruitment; Seeder ID POSTFIRE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; BURN SEVERITY; ADENOSTOMA-FASCICULATUM; SHRUB RECRUITMENT; VEGETATION; SEASON; GERMINATION; HETEROGENEITY; FLAMMABILITY; PATTERN AB Question Do variations in fire intensity within a stand determine changes in fire intensity and plant demographics in a subsequent fire? Location San Diego (CA, USA); chaparral dominated by Adenostoma fasciculatum (resprouter) and Ceanothus greggii (seeder). Methods In 2003, a wildfire burned a young (16-yr-old) stand containing a set of experimental plots burned in 1987 with various levels of fire intensity. In 2004, all the 1987 plots were sampled for Adenostoma survival and the recruitment of both species. Similar measures were carried out in the adjacent old (75-yr) stand. Fire intensity in 2003 was estimated by a surrogate fire severity measure [minimum diameter of burned branches (branch diameter)]. Results In the young stand, branch diameter in 2003 was similar to the control plots in 1987, but lower than in the old stand. Fire intensity in 1987 did not significantly affect branch diameter in 2003. Survival of Adenostoma in the young stand was very low, much lower than after the 1987 burn and that in the old stand. Fire intensity in 1987 did not affect Adenostoma survival. Recruitment in Adenostoma increased, and in Ceanothus decreased, with increased fire intensity in 1987. Conclusions We demonstrate that there is a carry-over effect of fire intensity across a whole fire cycle on plant recruitment of the two dominant species. The 2003 fire partially reversed the relative effects on recruitment caused by elevated fire intensity in 1987. Arguably, this effect was driven by the contrasted relationships of the two species to fire intensity. Adenostoma survival in the young stand was much lower in 2003 than in 1987, despite similar branch diameter, and was also lower than in the old stand, despite higher branch diameter in this case. The causes of such mortality are unknown. C1 [Moreno, Jose M.; Torres, Ivan; Luna, Belen] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo 45071, Spain. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] CRI Fdn Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, TN, Italy. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Moreno, JM (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo 45071, Spain. EM josem.moreno@uclm.es; ivan.torres@uclm.es; belen.luna@uclm.es; oechel@sunstroke.sdsu.edu; jon_keeley@usgs.gov RI Moreno, JOSE/M-5578-2015; Torres, Ivan/G-1682-2016; Luna, Belen/G-2941-2016; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010 OI Moreno, JOSE/0000-0002-3729-9523; Torres, Ivan/0000-0003-3014-3451; Luna, Belen/0000-0002-4448-8373; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X FU FPU from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AP 2003 - 1440]; FUME [ENV-2009-GA243888] FX We thank Janet Franklin, Heather Karnes Schmalbach and Linnea Spears-Lebrun for their help. We are thankful to Glenn Buskirk and SDSU Field Stations Program for logistic support during fieldwork. Dr. Kerry Woods and two anonymous reviewers made most valuable comments. This research was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to I.T. (AP 2003 - 1440). Writing benefited from the FUME project (ENV-2009-GA243888). NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01466.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 077SU UT WOS:000314049000018 ER PT J AU Davenport, SR Mull, JF Hoagstrom, CW AF Davenport, Stephen R. Mull, John F. Hoagstrom, Christopher W. TI CONSUMPTION OF A DANGEROUS ANT (CAMPONOTUS VICINUS) BY A THREATENED MINNOW (NOTROPIS SIMUS PECOSENSIS) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We report a live Pecos bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus pecosensis) with a dead, major-worker, carpenter ant (Camponotus vicinus) locked onto its lower jaw. The shiner apparently ingested the ant. C1 [Davenport, Stephen R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Mull, John F.; Hoagstrom, Christopher W.] Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. RP Davenport, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM Stephen_Davenport@fws.gov FU United States Bureau of Reclamation [04-AA402212] FX The United States Bureau of Reclamation contract 04-AA402212 provided funding for collecting fish. We thank S.D. Blocker and E.I. Gilbert for assistance in the field, R.A. Meyers for photography and composition of the figure, and I. Asensio-Sierra for translation of the abstract to Spanish. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1894/0038-4909-58.1.126 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V37ZC UT WOS:000209312700024 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Gude, JA Anderson, NJ Ramsey, JM Thompson, MJ Sullivan, MG Edwards, VL Gower, CN Cochrane, JF Irwin, ER Walshe, T AF Mitchell, Michael S. Gude, Justin A. Anderson, Neil J. Ramsey, Jennifer M. Thompson, Michael J. Sullivan, Mark G. Edwards, Victoria L. Gower, Claire N. Cochrane, Jean Fitts Irwin, Elise R. Walshe, Terry TI Using Structured Decision Making to Manage Disease Risk for Montana Wildlife SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; disease; Montana; Ovis canadensis; proactive management; structured decision-making AB We used structured decision-making to develop a 2-part framework to assist managers in the proactive management of disease outbreaks in Montana, USA. The first part of the framework is a model to estimate the probability of disease outbreak given field observations available to managers. The second part of the framework is decision analysis that evaluates likely outcomes of management alternatives based on the estimated probability of disease outbreak, and applies managers' values for different objectives to indicate a preferred management strategy. We used pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) as a case study for our approach, applying it to 2 populations in Montana that differed in their likelihood of a pneumonia outbreak. The framework provided credible predictions of both probability of disease outbreaks, as well as biological and monetary consequences of management actions. The structured decision-making approach to this problem was valuable for defining the challenges of disease management in a decentralized agency where decisions are generally made at the local level in cooperation with stakeholders. Our approach provides local managers with the ability to tailor management planning for disease outbreaks to local conditions. Further work is needed to refine our disease risk models and decision analysis, including robust prediction of disease outbreaks and improved assessment of management alternatives. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gude, Justin A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Anderson, Neil J.; Ramsey, Jennifer M.; Gower, Claire N.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Thompson, Michael J.; Edwards, Victoria L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Sullivan, Mark G.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Glasgow, MT 59230 USA. [Irwin, Elise R.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Walshe, Terry] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu FU USGS Cooperative Research Units; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Matching Grants FX We thank U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the staff of the National Conservation Training Center for organizing and implementing the workshop. USGS Cooperative Research Units provided funding for attendance at the workshop. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks employees were supported by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana combined with Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Matching Grants. We thank T. Carlsen, Q. Kujala, J. Ensign, R. Mule, K. Alt, G. Taylor, J. Williams, J. Herbert, K. McDonald, and M. Runge for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1002/wsb.237 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HO UT WOS:000209334700014 ER PT J AU Vaske, JJ Roemer, JM Taylor, JG AF Vaske, Jerry J. Roemer, Jennifer M. Taylor, Jonathan G. TI Situational and Emotional Influences on the Acceptability of Wolf Management Actions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; emotion; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; management actions; situation; wolves AB Emotions play a key role in our experiences with and our responses to wildlife. We examined the effectiveness of situational and emotional variables in predicting acceptability of management actions for wolves (Canis lupus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. We advanced 3 hypotheses: 1) both situational and emotional variables will influence acceptability ratings; 2) emotions will explain the largest proportion of variance for the lethal management action; and 3) this pattern of findings will be the same for residents and visitors of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We obtained our data from a survey of residents living near Jackson, Wyoming (n = 604, response rate = 51%) and a survey of visitors to Grand Teton National Park (n = 596, response rate = 81%). We included 2 situational variables (i.e., location of encounter, wolf status) and 3 emotional variables (i.e., sympathy for ranchers, sympathy for wolves, anger about wolves) as independent variables. The dependent variables were acceptability ratings of non-lethal and lethal management actions. Regression analyses supported all 3 hypotheses. For both groups, situational variables accounted for between 1% and 8% of the variance in acceptability of non-lethal management actions, while emotions explained between 3% and 20%. For the lethal management action, situational variables predicted between 3% and 5% of the variance in acceptability ratings, while emotions accounted for between 41% and 49%. Although debates regarding the status of wolves are likely to continue, these findings highlight the role emotion plays in evaluating the acceptability of management actions. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Vaske, Jerry J.; Roemer, Jennifer M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Taylor, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Vaske, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 1480 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jerryv@cnr.colostate.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1002/wsb.240 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HO UT WOS:000209334700016 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG Garlich-Miller, J Snyder, J Meehan, R AF MacCracken, James G. Garlich-Miller, Joel Snyder, Jonathan Meehan, Rosa TI Bayesian Belief Network Models for Species Assessments: An Example With the Pacific Walrus SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bayesian belief network; expert opinion; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; species status; uncertainty AB In 2008, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was petitioned to list the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Research into stressors that may be negatively affecting walruses is incomplete. We developed a Bayesian belief network model structured around the ESA 5-factor analysis during a workshop attended by walrus and ESA experts to 1) elicit expert opinion on important stressors and their effects, 2) develop the model, and 3) develop and analyze plausible future scenarios. The listing factors and associated stressors were organized as sub-models, capturing the cumulative effects of the factors through model output, which was the probability of negative, neutral, or positive effects. We found that in a time-constrained workshop, the graphical display of Bayesian belief networks allowed for rapid development, assessment, and revision of model structure and parameters. We modeled up to 3 scenarios (most likely-, worst-, and best-case) for each of 4 time periods (recent past, contemporary, mid-century, and late-century). Model output for the recent past (reference condition) was consistent with observations and provided a baseline for comparison of the outcomes of other periods and scenarios; stressor effects became increasingly negative with time. However, scenario analyses indicated that mitigation of relatively few stressors could reduce the cumulative effects of the listing factors. Uncertainty in model output was lowest for the past but differed by only 7% among the other time periods. We used 4 types of sensitivity analyses to identify explanatory variables that had the greatest influence on model outcomes. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [MacCracken, James G.; Garlich-Miller, Joel; Snyder, Jonathan; Meehan, Rosa] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Reg Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 341, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM james_maccracken@fws.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1002/wsb.229 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38HO UT WOS:000209334700029 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI The QWERTY Effect Does Not Extend to Birth Names SO NAMES-A JOURNAL OF ONOMASTICS LA English DT Article DE birth name; cumulative link model; name length; ordinal regression; right-side advantage; Social Security AB The QWERTY effect suggests a consequence to word meaning deriving from the placement of letters on a QWERTY keyboard. Jasmin and Casasanto (2012) reported that words formed primarily of letters from the left side of the keyboard were more aversive in nature, whereas those on the right side were more attractive (right-side advantage, RSA); they concluded that those individuals branding new products could ensure a positive affect by attending to the balance of letters. I tested this hypothesis on arguably the most important branding decision an individual can make, the naming of a baby, by associating name popularity against RSA. Names and their rank among the top 1000 names reported to the Social Security Administration were gathered for each decadal interval between 1880 and 2010 (n = 28,000 names). I found no evidence for the QWERTY effect in child names (beta(RSA) = 0.007; 95% CI = [-0.014, 0.027]). Instead, gender-specific patterns in name popularity were related to length of name (beta(Name Length) = 0.079 [0.058, 0.099]). Parents should not be concerned that positive affect is dictated by the QWERTY effect. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0027-7738 J9 NAMES JI Names PD MAR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1179/0027773812Z.00000000039 PG 6 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 078LK UT WOS:000314100200006 ER PT J AU Laudon, H Tetzlaff, D Soulsby, C Carey, S Seibert, J Buttle, J Shanley, J McDonnell, JJ McGuire, K AF Laudon, Hjalmar Tetzlaff, Doerthe Soulsby, Chris Carey, Sean Seibert, Jan Buttle, Jim Shanley, Jamie McDonnell, Jeffrey J. McGuire, Kevin TI Change in winter climate will affect dissolved organic carbon and water fluxes in mid-to-high latitude catchments SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE DOC; seasonality; synchroneity; high latitude catchments ID SUB-ARCTIC CATCHMENT; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BOREAL STREAMS; FROZEN SOIL; EXPORT; CHEMISTRY; SNOWMELT; RUNOFF; RIPARIAN; RIVERS AB There is a growing awareness that mid-to-high latitude regions will be strongly affected by climate change. These changes are predicted to be especially pronounced during winter, particularly at higher latitudes. To test how water quality in northern catchments could be affected by warmer winter climates, we assembled long-term data from eight well-studied catchments in Sweden, Scotland, Canada and the USA across a climatic gradient spanning from 2 to +9 degrees C in mean annual temperature and between 11.6 and +6.1 degrees C in average winter temperature. We used the climatic gradient combined with inter-annual variability among catchments to examine how warmer winters could affect the seasonality (seasonal timing) and synchroneity (coupling) of water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes. In general, sites with colder winters (less than 5 degrees C) experienced an export concentrated in spring, whereas sites with warmer winters (>0 degrees C) displayed a more evenly distributed export across all seasons. Catchments with warmer winters also displayed less synchroneity between water and DOC flux during winter compared with colder sites, whereas the opposite was found for the spring. Patterns from the climatic gradient were supported by inter-annual variability at individual sites where both seasonality and synchroneity in the spring were related to the temperature during the preceding winter. Our findings suggest that one likely consequence of warmer winters in northern regions is that the proportion of the annual DOC and water export will increase during winter and decrease during spring and summer. This is of importance as it is the latter seasons during which downstream utilization of both water and DOC often is largest. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Northern Rivers Inst, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Carey, Sean] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Buttle, Jim] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Laudon, H (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Hjalmar.Laudon@slu.se RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Laudon, Hjalmar/J-3074-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010; OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 152/AG]; ForWater; Future Forest; SKB FX The North-Watch project (http://www.abdn.ac.uk/north-watch/) is funded by the Leverhulme Trust (F/00 152/AG). The authors are grateful to those individuals and funding agencies who contributed to the gathering of data sets analysed - without these long-term efforts this study would not have been possible. Funding from ForWater, Future Forest and SKB to HL is also acknowledged. We also thank Heleen de Wit, Pirkko Kortelainen, Kevin Bishop, Reiner Giesler and Martyn Futter for useful discussions about this work. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 700 EP 709 DI 10.1002/hyp.9686 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 095UE UT WOS:000315359400007 ER PT J AU Crouch, CM McKnight, DM Todd, AS AF Crouch, Caitlin M. McKnight, Diane M. Todd, Andrew S. TI Quantifying sources of increasing zinc from acid rock drainage in an alpine catchment under a changing hydrologic regime SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE acid rock drainage; tracer experiment; zinc; climate change; water quality; mine remediation ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MINE DRAINAGE; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRANSIENT STORAGE; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; TRACER INJECTION; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH-AMERICA; SUMMIT-COUNTY AB A major water quality concern in the Rocky Mountains is acid rock drainage (ARD), which causes acidic conditions and high metal concentrations in streams. The 30-year water quality record for the upper Snake River in Colorado, USA, shows that summer low-flow zinc concentrations have increased four- to sixfold concurrently with increases in mean annual and summer temperatures and a two- to three-week advancement in spring snowmelt. We found that the main source of zinc and other metal loads to the upper Snake River was a tributary draining an alpine area rich in disseminated pyrite. By conducting a tracer experiment in this tributary of interest, we demonstrated that 30% of the trace metal loading entered in an upper steep, rocky reach where the tributary of interest is fed by an alpine spring. Another increase in flow and metal loading occurred where the tributary of interest flows through a gently sloped wetland area. Analysis of the tracer experiment indicated a significant increase in hyporheic exchange along this wetland reach, from which metals appear to be mobilized. Several potential explanations are presented that might explain this phenomenon: decreasing pH in the tributary of interest may result in mobilization of metals from the wetland and hyporheic zone; the geochemistry of groundwater inflows to the wetland may be changing; and, wetland soils may be drying out with longer, warmer summers. This study illustrates how changes in hydrologic regime may cause changes in biogeochemical processes that exacerbate the danger to aquatic ecosystems associated with ARD. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Crouch, Caitlin M.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Todd, Andrew S.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Crouch, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM caitlin.crouch@gmail.com OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory project [NSF-0724960] FX We wish to thank many individuals who assisted in the field and the laboratory during this study. K. Walton-Day at the USGS and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback that improved the quality of this paper. The 2009 synoptic study was a joint effort with A Ling and P Robinson and the tracer experiment could not have been completed without the assistance of a couple dozen volunteers, most notably E Pugh, K Alexander, E Graham, and E Zakem. K Bencala and R Runkel gave valuable comments on the interpretation of the tracer experiments. The EPA Region 8 laboratory processed and analyzed the metals samples. Use of the ion chromatograph was facilitated by C Pruett of the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory project (NSF-0724960), which is also acknowledged for funding salary that contributed to this and other research about watershed controls on stream water quality in the Rocky Mountains. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 721 EP 733 DI 10.1002/hyp.9650 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 095UE UT WOS:000315359400009 ER PT J AU Tetzlaff, D Soulsby, C Buttle, J Capell, R Carey, SK Laudon, H McDonnell, J McGuire, K Seibert, J Shanley, J AF Tetzlaff, D. Soulsby, C. Buttle, J. Capell, R. Carey, S. K. Laudon, H. McDonnell, J. McGuire, K. Seibert, J. Shanley, J. TI Catchments on the cusp? Structural and functional change in northern ecohydrology SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC SALMON; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; RIVER DISCHARGE; SHRUB TUNDRA; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; REGIMES; MODEL C1 [Tetzlaff, D.; Soulsby, C.; Capell, R.; McDonnell, J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Northern Rivers Inst, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Buttle, J.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Carey, S. K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Laudon, H.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [McDonnell, J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [McGuire, K.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [McGuire, K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Seibert, J.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Seibert, J.; Shanley, J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT USA. RP Tetzlaff, D (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Northern Rivers Inst, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. EM d.tetzlaff@abdn.ac.uk RI Seibert, Jan/B-1432-2009; Laudon, Hjalmar/J-3074-2013; McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674; Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124; Laudon, Hjalmar/0000-0001-6058-1466; McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 152/AG] FX We thank the Leverhulme Trust for funding the North-Watch project (http://www.abdn.ac.uk/northwatch/) (F/00 152/AG). The authors are grateful to all of those who contributed to gathering the data sets presented - without these long-term efforts, this study would not have been possible. Data used in this publication were obtained by many scientists over the years. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 766 EP 774 DI 10.1002/hyp.9700 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 095UE UT WOS:000315359400013 ER PT J AU Cruz, SM Hooten, M Huyvaert, KP Proano, CB Anderson, DJ Afanasyev, V Wikelski, M AF Cruz, Sebastian M. Hooten, Mevin Huyvaert, Kathryn P. Proano, Carolina B. Anderson, David J. Afanasyev, Vsevolod Wikelski, Martin TI At-Sea Behavior Varies with Lunar Phase in a Nocturnal Pelagic Seabird, the Swallow-Tailed Gull SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; FORAGING ACTIVITY; ACTIVITY PATTERN; ALBATROSSES; CYCLES; ZOOPLANKTON; MOONLIGHT; AVOIDANCE; PREDATION; ECOLOGY AB Strong and predictable environmental variability can reward flexible behaviors among animals. We used long-term records of activity data that cover several lunar cycles to investigate whether behavior at-sea of swallow-tailed gulls Creagrus furcatus, a nocturnal pelagic seabird, varied with lunar phase in the Galapagos Islands. A Bayesian hierarchical model showed that nighttime at-sea activity of 37 breeding swallow-tailed gulls was clearly associated with changes in moon phase. Proportion of nighttime spent on water was highest during darker periods of the lunar cycle, coinciding with the cycle of the diel vertical migration (DVM) that brings prey to the sea surface at night. Our data show that at-sea behavior of a tropical seabird can vary with environmental changes, including lunar phase. C1 [Cruz, Sebastian M.; Proano, Carolina B.; Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Baden Wurttembe, Germany. [Hooten, Mevin] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hooten, Mevin; Huyvaert, Kathryn P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, David J.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Afanasyev, Vsevolod] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England. [Wikelski, Martin] Univ Konstanz, Constance, Baden Wurttembe, Germany. RP Cruz, SM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Baden Wurttembe, Germany. EM cruz.seb@gmail.com RI Huyvaert, Kathryn/A-2710-2009 OI Huyvaert, Kathryn/0000-0003-3302-030X FU Max Planck Society; National Science Foundation [DEB 0842199] FX This work had the support from the Max Planck Society (http://www.orn.mpg.de/) and National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov/) Grant No. DEB 0842199. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 26 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56889 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056889 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 098PO UT WOS:000315561400016 PM 23468889 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Knifong, D Tuil, J Flint, LE Flint, AL AF Drexler, Judith Z. Knifong, Donna Tuil, JayLee Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. TI Fens as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge under climate change SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Groundwater recharge; Aerial photography; Climate change ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DECLINING MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; WATER-RESOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; HYDROLOGY; SNOWMELT; NEVADA; TRENDS AB Currently, little is known about the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range of California or other mountainous regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine whether small alpine peatlands called fens can be used as whole-ecosystem gauges of groundwater recharge through time. Fens are sustained by groundwater discharge and are highly sensitive to changes in groundwater flow due to hydrologic disturbance including climate change. Seven fens in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Range were studied over a 50-80 year period using historic aerial photography. In each aerial photograph, fen areas were identified as open lawn and partially treed areas that exhibited (1) dark brownish-green coloring or various shades of gray and black in black and white imagery and (2) mottling of colors and clustering of vegetation, which signified a distinct moss canopy with overlying clumped sedge vegetation. In addition to the aerial photography study, a climate analysis for the study sites was carried out using both measured data (U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service SNOwpack TELemetry system) and modeled data (a downscaled version of the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) for the period from 1951 to 2010. Over the study period, the five fens in the Sierra Nevada were found to be decreasing between 10% and 16% in delineated area. The climate analysis revealed significant increases through time in annual mean minimum temperature (T-min) between 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. In addition, April 1 snow water equivalent and snowpack longevity also decreased between 1951-1980 and 1981-2010. For the fens in the Cascade Range, there were no discernible changes in delineated area. At these sites, increases in T-min occurred only within the past 20-25 years and decreases in snowpack longevity were more subtle. A conceptual model is presented, which illustrates that basic differences in hydrogeology of the Sierra Nevada vs. the Cascade Range may control the threshold at which changes in delineated fen areas are discernible. Overall, the results from this study show that fens in the Sierra Nevada have strong potential as whole-ecosystem gauges for determining long-term changes in groundwater recharge under climate change. Due to either more moderate climate change and/or hydrogeological differences, fens in the southern Cascade Range currently do not appear to have the same utility. A greater sample size of fens in the Sierra Nevada is needed to confirm the general applicability of this method. In addition, future work needs to focus on integrating fen monitoring with geochemical and/or isotopic process-level studies in order to quantify changes in groundwater recharge identified using this new approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; Knifong, Donna; Tuil, JayLee; Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov; dknifong@usgs.gov; jltuil@ucdavis.edu; lflint@usgs.gov; aflint@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 481 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.056 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 102ID UT WOS:000315837400003 ER PT J AU Giacomini, HC DeAngelis, DL Trexler, JC Petrere, M AF Giacomini, Henrique C. DeAngelis, Donald L. Trexler, Joel C. Petrere Jr, Miguel TI Trait contributions to fish community assembly emerge from trophic interactions in an individual-based model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Community dynamics; Fish diversity; Life history; Environmental gradients; Tradeoffs; Priority effects ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LIFE-HISTORY CHANGES; FOOD WEBS; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; METABOLIC-RATE; SIZE-SPECTRUM; YELLOW PERCH; BODY-MASS; GROWTH; PREDATION AB Community ecology seeks to understand and predict the characteristics of communities that can develop under different environmental conditions, but most theory has been built on analytical models that are limited in the diversity of species traits that can be considered simultaneously. We address that limitation with an individual-based model to simulate assembly of fish communities characterized by life history and trophic interactions with multiple physiological tradeoffs as constraints on species performance. Simulation experiments were carried out to evaluate the distribution of 6 life history and 4 feeding traits along gradients of resource productivity and prey accessibility. These experiments revealed that traits differ greatly in importance for species sorting along the gradients. Body growth rate emerged as a key factor distinguishing community types and defining patterns of community stability and coexistence, followed by egg size and maximum body size. Dominance by fast-growing, relatively large, and fecund species occurred more frequently in cases where functional responses were saturated (i.e. high productivity and/or prey accessibility). Such dominance was associated with large biomass fluctuations and priority effects, which prevented richness from increasing with productivity and may have limited selection on secondary traits, such as spawning strategies and relative size at maturation. Our results illustrate that the distribution of species traits and the consequences for community dynamics are intimately linked and strictly dependent on how the benefits and costs of these traits are balanced across different conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Giacomini, Henrique C.; Petrere Jr, Miguel] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Giacomini, HC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Off RW 520B,25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. EM hgiacomini@gmail.com FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [07/50984-6, 07/50981-7]; USGS's Southeast Ecological Science Center; National Science Foundation [DBI-0620409] FX This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), by means of a scholarship (process 07/50984-6) associated to the project "Reservoir Ecology" (process 07/50981-7). It had institutional support from the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro-SP campus. DLD was supported by the USGS's Southeast Ecological Science Center. JCT was supported by the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant No. DBI-0620409. We are grateful to Claudio Jose Von Zuben, Angelo Antonio Agostinho, Carlos Edwar Carvalho Freitas, Ronaldo Angelini, Volker Grimm, and four anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2013 VL 251 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.12.003 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 121QA UT WOS:000317258100004 ER PT J AU Kreitler, J Papenfus, M Byrd, K Labiosa, W AF Kreitler, Jason Papenfus, Michael Byrd, Kristin Labiosa, William TI Interacting Coastal Based Ecosystem Services: Recreation and Water Quality in Puget Sound, WA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; TRAVEL COST METHOD; ECONOMIC VALUATION; MODELING DEMAND; BEACH USE; BIODIVERSITY; BENEFITS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES AB Coastal recreation and water quality are major contributors to human well-being in coastal regions. They can also interact, creating opportunities for ecosystem based management, ecological restoration, and water quality improvement that can positively affect people and the environment. Yet the effect of environmental quality on human behavior is often poorly quantified, but commonly assumed in coastal ecosystem service studies. To clarify this effect we investigate a water quality dataset for evidence that environmental condition partially explains variation in recreational visitation, our indicator of human behavior. In Puget Sound, WA, we investigate variation in visitation in both visitation rate and fixed effects (FE) models. The visitation rate model relates the differences in annual recreational visitation among parks to environmental conditions, park characteristics, travel cost, and recreational demand. In our FE model we control for all time-invariant unobserved variables and compare monthly variation at the park level to determine how water quality affects visitation during the summer season. The results of our first model illustrate how visitation relates to various amenities and costs. In the FE analysis, monthly visitation was negatively related to water quality while controlling for monthly visitation trends. This indicates people are responding to changes in water quality, and an improvement would yield an increase in the value of recreation. Together, these results could help in prioritizing water quality improvements, could assist the creation of new parks or the modification of existing recreational infrastructure, and provide quantitative estimates for the expected benefits from potential changes in recreational visitation and water quality improvements. Our results also provide an example of how recreational visitation can be quantified and used in ecosystem service assessments. C1 [Kreitler, Jason] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Papenfus, Michael] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Byrd, Kristin] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Labiosa, William] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kreitler, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. EM jkreitler@usgs.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency [IA DW 14-95762701]; United States Geological Survey Geographical Analysis and Monitoring Program FX This project was supported by Environmental Protection Agency Interagency Agreement IA DW 14-95762701 and the United States Geological Survey Geographical Analysis and Monitoring Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56670 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056670 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113IC UT WOS:000316658800025 PM 23451067 ER PT J AU Magle, SB Samuel, MD Van Deelen, TR Robinson, SJ Mathews, NE AF Magle, Seth B. Samuel, Michael D. Van Deelen, Timothy R. Robinson, Stacie J. Mathews, Nancy E. TI Evaluating Spatial Overlap and Relatedness of White-tailed Deer in a Chronic Wasting Disease Management Zone SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; JOINT SPACE USE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; MULE DEER; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; PRION TRANSMISSION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; WISCONSIN; PATTERNS; AREA AB Wildlife disease transmission, at a local scale, can occur from interactions between infected and susceptible conspecifics or from a contaminated environment. Thus, the degree of spatial overlap and rate of contact among deer is likely to impact both direct and indirect transmission of infectious diseases such chronic wasting disease (CWD) or bovine tuberculosis. We identified a strong relationship between degree of spatial overlap (volume of intersection) and genetic relatedness for female white-tailed deer in Wisconsin's area of highest CWD prevalence. We used volume of intersection as a surrogate for contact rates between deer and concluded that related deer are more likely to have contact, which may drive disease transmission dynamics. In addition, we found that age of deer influences overlap, with fawns exhibiting the highest degree of overlap with other deer. Our results further support the finding that female social groups have higher contact among related deer which can result in transmission of infectious diseases. We suggest that control of large social groups comprised of closely related deer may be an effective strategy in slowing the transmission of infectious pathogens, and CWD in particular. C1 [Magle, Seth B.] Urban Wildlife Inst, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Van Deelen, Timothy R.; Robinson, Stacie J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [Mathews, Nancy E.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Magle, SB (reprint author), Urban Wildlife Inst, Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM SMagle@lpzoo.org OI Magle, Seth/0000-0003-0275-3885 FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Whitetails Unlimited; University of Wisconsin; National Beef and Cattleman's Association; North Central Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Program FX This project was supported by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Whitetails Unlimited, the University of Wisconsin, the National Beef and Cattleman's Association, and the North Central Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Program. Thanks to the University of Wisconsin's Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology and the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies for assistance with publication costs. Note that any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes, and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 52 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56568 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056568 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093IE UT WOS:000315184200107 PM 23437171 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Herzog, MP Schwarzbach, SE AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Herzog, Mark P. Schwarzbach, Steven E. TI Methylmercury is the Predominant Form of Mercury in Bird Eggs: A Synthesis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SPACE USE; FEATHERS; SELENIUM; CALIFORNIA; CONTAMINATION; PATTERNS; CHICKS; WATER AB Bird eggs are commonly used in mercury monitoring programs to assess methylmercury contamination and toxicity to birds. However, only 6% of >200 studies investigating mercury in bird eggs have actually measured methylmercury concentrations in eggs. Instead, studies typically measure total mercury in eggs (both organic and inorganic forms of mercury), with the explicit assumption that total mercury concentrations in eggs are a reliable proxy for methylmercury concentrations in eggs. This assumption is rarely tested, but has important implications for assessing risk of mercury to birds. We conducted a detailed assessment of this assumption by (1) collecting original data to examine the relationship between total and methylmercury in eggs of two species, and (2) reviewing the published literature on mercury concentrations in bird eggs to examine whether the percentage of total mercury in the methylmercury form differed among species. Within American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri), methylmercury concentrations were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.99) with total mercury concentrations in individual eggs (range: 0.03-7.33 mu g/g fww), and the regression slope (log scale) was not different from one (m = 0.992). The mean percentage of total mercury in the methylmercury form in eggs was 97% for American avocets (n = 30 eggs), 96% for Forster's terns (n = 30 eggs), and 96% among all 22 species of birds (n = 30 estimates of species means). The percentage of total mercury in the methylmercury form ranged from 63% to 116% among individual eggs and 82% to 111% among species means, but this variation was not related to total mercury concentrations in eggs, foraging guild, nor to a species life history strategy as characterized along the precocial to altricial spectrum. Our results support the use of total mercury concentrations to estimate methylmercury concentrations in bird eggs. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Herzog, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Schwarzbach, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Resources Legacy Fund; Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded by U.S. Geological Survey, Resources Legacy Fund, and Environmental Protection Agency. We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Eden Landing Ecological Reserve, and the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project for logistical support; Alex Hartman, Robin Keister, and Sarah Lemelin for field and laboratory assistance; and Collin Eagles-Smith for manuscript review. The use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 2052 EP 2060 DI 10.1021/es304385y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IA UT WOS:000315326700034 PM 23331121 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM He, ZL Parisi, VA Kang, SH Deng, Y Van Nostrand, JD Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM Suflita, JM Zhou, JZ AF Lu, Zhenmei He, Zhili Parisi, Victoria A. Kang, Sanghoon Deng, Ye Van Nostrand, Joy D. Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Suflita, Joseph M. Zhou, Jizhong TI GeoChip-Based Analysis of Microbial Functional Gene Diversity in a Landfill Leachate-Contaminated Aquifer (vol 46, pg 5824, 2012) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lu, Zhenmei] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhenmei; He, Zhili; Kang, Sanghoon; Deng, Ye; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Parisi, Victoria A.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [He, Zhili; Parisi, Victoria A.; Suflita, Joseph M.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016 OI Van Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 2142 EP 2142 DI 10.1021/es400403e PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IA UT WOS:000315326700047 ER PT J AU Luttrell, K Mencin, D Francis, O Hurwitz, S AF Luttrell, Karen Mencin, David Francis, Olivier Hurwitz, Shaul TI Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC FIELD; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; INTRUSION; SYSTEM; UPLIFT AB Seiche waves in Yellowstone Lake with a similar to 78-minute period and heights <10 cm act as a load on the solid earth observed by borehole strainmeters with subnanostrain sensitivity throughout the Yellowstone Caldera. The far-field strain induced by the load of the seiche waves calculated with a homogeneous elastic model representing the upper crust is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the measured strain amplitude similar to 30 km from the lake shore. By contrast, the observed far field strain amplitudes are consistent with the seiche load on a two-layered viscoelastic model representing an elastic upper crust overlying a partially molten body deeper than 3-6 km with Maxwell viscosity less than 10(11) Pa s. These strain observations and models provide independent evidence for the presence of partially molten material in the upper crust, consistent with seismic tomography studies that inferred 10%-30% melt fraction in the upper crust. Citation: Luttrell, K., D. Mencin, O. Francis, and S. Hurwitz (2013), Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 501-506, doi:10.1002/grl.50155 C1 [Luttrell, Karen; Hurwitz, Shaul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mencin, David] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO USA. [Francis, Olivier] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Luttrell, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kluttrell@usgs.gov RI Luttrell, Karen/D-6772-2015; OI Mencin, David/0000-0001-9984-6724 FU USGS FX We thank Kathleen Hodgkinson, Stacey Kinsey, and Henry Heasler for their assistance in collecting the observations used in this study. We thank Dave Hill, Jacob Lowenstern, John Langbein, Tony Lowry, and Wu-Lung Chang for helpful reviews. Borehole strainmeter observations are collected as part of the Plate Boundary Observatory project of the Earthscope program of the National Science Foundation and are managed by UNAVCO. Stream discharge measurements in the Yellowstone River are maintained by USGS. Absolute pressure gauge in Yellowstone Lake is maintained by UNAVCO. Data from weather station KP60 is provided by NCDC. This research was supported by the USGS Mendenhall and Volcano Hazards programs. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1002/grl.50155 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129HX UT WOS:000317831000008 ER PT J AU Parsekian, AD Grosse, G Walbrecker, JO Muller-Petke, M Keating, K Liu, L Jones, BM Knight, R AF Parsekian, Andrew D. Grosse, Guido Walbrecker, Jan O. Mueller-Petke, Mike Keating, Kristina Liu, Lin Jones, Benjamin M. Knight, Rosemary TI Detecting unfrozen sediments below thermokarst lakes with surface nuclear magnetic resonance SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; PERMAFROST; ICE AB A talik is a layer or body of unfrozen ground that occurs in permafrost due to an anomaly in thermal, hydrological, or hydrochemical conditions. Information about talik geometry is important for understanding regional surface water and groundwater interactions as well as sublacustrine methane production in thermokarst lakes. Due to the direct measurement of unfrozen water content, surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising geophysical method for noninvasively estimating talik dimensions. We made surface NMR measurements on thermokarst lakes and terrestrial permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska, and confirmed our results using limited direct measurements. At an 8 m deep lake, we observed thaw bulb at least 22 m below the surface; at a 1.4 m deep lake, we detected a talik extending between 5 and 6 m below the surface. Our study demonstrates the value that surface NMR may have in the cryosphere for studies of thermokarst lake hydrology and their related role in the carbon cycle. Citation: Parsekian, A. D., G. Grosse, J. O. Walbrecker, M. Muller-Petke, K. Keating, L. Liu, B. M. Jones, and R. Knight (2013), Detecting unfrozen sediments below thermokarst lakes with surface nuclear magnetic resonance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 535-540, doi:10.1002/grl.50137. C1 [Parsekian, Andrew D.; Walbrecker, Jan O.; Liu, Lin; Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Mueller-Petke, Mike] Leibniz Inst Appl Geophys, Hannover, Germany. [Keating, Kristina] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Parsekian, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM parsekia@stanford.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Parsekian, Andrew/0000-0001-5072-9818; Keating, Kristina/0000-0002-5531-8716 FU CUAHSI; NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences [NNX08AJ37G]; U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center; Hydrology Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation [0911234] FX We thank A. Behroozmand for TEM data interpretation, M. Wooller for providing vibracore data, and V. Romanovsky for providing permafrost borehole data. This investigation was funded in part by CUAHSI, NASA Carbon Cycle Sciences NNX08AJ37G, and the U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center, and the Hydrology Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant 0911234). Thanks to all who helped in the field (B. Cable, C. Arp, A. Kholodov, and A. Gusmeroli). Thanks to B. Minsley for comments that improved the manuscript. We used a Vista Clara GMR for surface NMR measurements, a Scintrex magnetometer, and a WalkTEM (Aarhus University) for electrical resistivity measurements. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1002/grl.50137 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129HX UT WOS:000317831000014 ER PT J AU Hilton, DR Fischer, TP Kulongoski, JT AF Hilton, David R. Fischer, Tobias P. Kulongoski, Justin T. TI Introduction to the special issue on 'Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry' Preface SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The study of the geochemistry of gases pervades the Earth and Environmental Sciences. This is due in no small measure to the well-established thermodynamic properties of gases which allow their application to a variety of processes occurring over a wide spectrum of natural conditions. In this respect, both major and associated minor gases have been proven useful: indeed, the trace gases have been particularly important given their role as sensitive geochemical tracers. Examples where gas geochemistry places key constraints on geochemical processes include the degassing history of the solid Earth to form the atmosphere and oceans, the origin and migration characteristics of hydrocarbon deposits, the scale of climate variability, the P-T characteristics of geothermal reservoirs, and the dynamics of the earthquake cycle and volcanic activity, to name but a few. This volume continues this rich tradition with an eclectic selection of papers aimed at exploring and exploiting gas geochemistry over a myriad set of research themes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilton, David R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fischer, Tobias P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kulongoski, Justin T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Hilton, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM drhilton@ucsd.edu RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.038 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110DQ UT WOS:000316423200001 ER PT J AU Yokochi, R Sturchio, NC Purtschert, R Jiang, W Lu, ZT Mueller, P Yang, GM Kennedy, BM Kharaka, Y AF Yokochi, R. Sturchio, N. C. Purtschert, R. Jiang, W. Lu, Z. -T. Mueller, P. Yang, G. -M. Kennedy, B. M. Kharaka, Y. TI Noble gas radionuclides in Yellowstone geothermal gas emissions: A reconnaissance SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Noble gas radionuclides; Yellostone National Park; Fluid Residence Time ID NATIONAL-PARK; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; GEYSER BASIN; KRYPTON; AR-39; GEOCHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; WATERS; FLUIDS AB A reconnaissance investigation of noble gas radionuclides (Ar-38, Kr-81, and Kr-88) in gas emissions from several geothermal features at Yellowstone National Park was performed to explore tracer applications of these nuclides in an active hydrothermal system. Prior studies of the Yellowstone system using stable noble gas isotopes show that the thermal fluids contain a mixture of atmospheric, mantle, and crustal components. Noble gas radio-nuclide measurements provide complementary chronometric information regarding subsurface residence times of thermal fluids, from decay of Kr-81 and Kr-88 as well as in situ production and release of nucleogenic Ar-38 and radiogenic Ar-40* in the reservoir rock. Argon-39 isotopic abundances in air-corrected samples exceed those of atmospheric Ar by 705 to 1217%, indicating substantial Ar contribution to thermal fluids by fluid-rock interaction. Upper limits on deep thermal fluid mean residence times, estimated from Ar-39/Ar-40* ratios, are about 100 kyr for features in the Gibbon and Norris Geyser Basin areas, and is about 30 kyr in Lower Geyser Basin, with the key assumption that the fluid acquires its crustal component of Ar in Quaternary volcanic rock of the Yellowstone caldera. Input of crustal Ar from older aquifer rocks would reduce these apparent mean residence times. Kr-81 isotopic abundances in the gas samples yield upper limits on residence time that are consistent with those obtained from Ar-39/Ar-40 ratios. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yokochi, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Yokochi, R.; Sturchio, N. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Purtschert, R.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Jiang, W.; Lu, Z. -T.; Mueller, P.; Yang, G. -M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Z. -T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lu, Z. -T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Yang, G. -M.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Kennedy, B. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kharaka, Y.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yokochi, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM yokochi@uchicago.edu RI Jiang, Wei/E-5582-2011; Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Purtschert, Roland/N-7108-2016 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Purtschert, Roland/0000-0002-4734-7664 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR/PG-0838217, EAR/HS-0409756, EAR/IF-0949404]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR/PG-0838217, EAR/HS-0409756, and EAR/IF-0949404), the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, the Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey are acknowledged for supporting this research. Analyses by Laboratory for Radiokrypton Dating at Argonne is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are grateful to J. Lowenstern and T. Fischer for constructive comments, and to P. Gardner for his help during field sampling. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 SI SI BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.037 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110DQ UT WOS:000316423200005 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE Dobeck, L McLing, TL Kennedy, BM Bill, M Marino, BDV AF Lewicki, J. L. Hilley, G. E. Dobeck, L. McLing, T. L. Kennedy, B. M. Bill, M. Marino, B. D. V. TI Geologic CO2 input into groundwater and the atmosphere, Soda Springs, ID, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Springs; CO2 degassing; Eddy covariance; Mantle; Metamorphic decarbonation; Accumulation chamber ID MEADE THRUST ALLOCHTHON; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; EDDY COVARIANCE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; DIFFUSE EMISSION; NOBLE-GASES; SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO; REGIONAL AQUIFERS; CALIFORNIA AB A set of CO2 flux, geochemical, and hydrologic measurement techniques was used to characterize the source of and quantify gaseous and dissolved CO2 discharges from the area of Soda Springs, southeastern Idaho. An eddy covariance system was deployed for similar to one month near a bubbling spring and measured net CO2 fluxes from -74 to 1147 g m(-2) d(-1). An inversion of measured eddy covariance CO2 fluxes and corresponding modeled source weight functions mapped the surface CO2 flux distribution within and quantified CO2 emission rate (24.9 t d(-1)) from a 0.05 km(2) area surrounding the spring. Soil CO2 fluxes (<1 to 52,178 g m(-2) d(-1)) were measured within a 0.05 km(2) area of diffuse degassing using the accumulation chamber method. The estimated CO2 emission rate from this area was 49 t d(-1). A carbon mass balance approach was used to estimate dissolved CO2 discharges from contributing sources at nine springs and the Soda Springs geyser. Total dissolved inorganic carbon (as CO2) discharge for all sampled groundwater features was 57.1 t d(-1). Of this quantity, approximately 3% was derived from biogenic carbon dissolved in infiltrating groundwater, 35% was derived from carbonate mineral dissolution within the aquifer(s), and 62% was derived from deep source(s). Isotopic compositions of helium (1.74-2.37 R-a) and deeply derived carbon (delta C-13 approximate to 3 parts per thousand) suggested contribution of volatiles from mantle and carbonate sources. Assuming that the deeply derived CO2 discharge estimated for sampled groundwater features (similar to 35 t d(-1)) is representative of springs throughout the study area, the total rate of deeply derived CO2 input into the groundwater system within this area could be similar to 350 t d(-1), similar to CO2 emission rates from a number of quiescent volcanoes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewicki, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hilley, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dobeck, L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [McLing, T. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Marino, B. D. V.] Planetary Emission Management Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Kennedy, B. M.; Bill, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlewicki@usgs.gov RI Bill, Markus/D-8478-2013 OI Bill, Markus/0000-0001-7002-2174 FU Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript and LI-COR, Inc. for the use of the LI-COR LI-8100A Automated Soil CO2 Flux System. We are grateful to the Hilda Thompson Ranch and town of Soda Springs, ID for site access and field logistical support. This work was funded by Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 SI SI BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.013 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110DQ UT WOS:000316423200007 ER PT J AU Kulongoski, JT Hilton, DR Barry, PH Esser, BK Hillegonds, D Belitz, K AF Kulongoski, Justin T. Hilton, David R. Barry, Peter H. Esser, Bradley K. Hillegonds, Darren Belitz, Kenneth TI Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: Helium and carbon-dioxide systematics SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE San Andreas Fault System (SAFS); Helium isotope; Groundwater; Big Bend section; Mantle volatile; Carbon dioxide flux ID NOBLE-GASES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; SUBDUCTION ZONES; NATURAL GASES; SOLID EARTH; COSTA-RICA; GROUNDWATER; MANTLE AB To investigate the source of volatiles and their relationship to the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS), 18 groundwater samples were collected from wells near the Big Bend section of the SAFS in southern California and analyzed for helium and carbon abundance and isotopes. Concentrations of He-4, corrected for air-bubble entrainment, vary from 4.15 to 62.7 (x 10(-8)) cm(3) STP g(-1) H2O. He-3/He-4 ratios vary from 0.09 to 3.52 R-A (Where R-A=air He-3/He-4), consistent with up to 44% mantle helium in samples. A subset of 10 samples was analyzed for the major volatile phase (CO2) - the hypothesized carrier phase of the helium in the mantle-crust system: CO2/He-3 ratios vary from 0.614 to 142 (x10(11)), and delta C-13 (CO2) values vary from -21.5 to -11.9 parts per thousand (vs. PDB). He-3/He-4 ratios and CO2 concentrations are highest in the wells located in the Mil Potrero and Cuddy valleys adjacent to the SAFS. The elevated He-3/He-4 ratios are interpreted to be a consequence of a mantle volatile flux though the SAFS diluted by radiogenic He produced in the crust. Samples with the highest He-3/He-4 ratios also had the lowest CO2/He-3 ratios. The combined helium isotope, He-CO2 elemental relationships, and delta C-13 (CO2) values of the groundwater volatiles reveal a mixture of mantle and deep crustal (metamorphic) fluid origins. The flux of fluids into the seismogenic zone at high hydrostatic pressure may cause fault rupture, and transfer volatiles into the shallow crust. We calculate an upward fluid flow rate of 147 mm a(-1) along the SAFS, up to 37 times higher than previous estimates (Kennedy et al., 1997). However, using newly identified characteristics of the SAFS, we calculate a total flux of He-3 along the SAFS of 7.4x10(3) cm(3) STP a(-1) (033 mol He-3 a(-1)), and a CO2 flux of 1.5x10(13) cm(3)STP a(-1) (6.6x10(8) mol a(-1)), similar to 1% of previous estimates. Lower fluxes along the Big Bend section of the SAFS suggest that the flux of mantle volatiles alone is insufficient to cause the super hydrostatic pressure in the seismogenic zone; however, results identify crustal (metamorphic) fluids as a major component of the CO2 volatile budget, which may represent the additional flux necessary for fault weakening pressure in the SAFS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Hilton, David R.; Barry, Peter H.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92024 USA. [Esser, Bradley K.; Hillegonds, Darren] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 92550 USA. RP Kulongoski, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM kulongos@usgs.gov OI Esser, Bradley K/0000-0002-3219-4298; Kulongoski, Justin/0000-0002-3498-4154; Barry, Peter/0000-0002-6960-1555 FU California State Water Resources Control Board; State of California Proposition 50 bonds; National Science Foundation [EAR1014236] FX The authors thank Bridget Smith-Konter, Ate Visser, and 2 anonlymous reviewers for comments, and the California State Water Resources Control Board for support. We especially thank cooperating well owners and water purveyors for access to wells. Funding was provided by State of California Proposition 50 bonds, administered by the State Water Board, and the National Science Foundation (EAR1014236). NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 SI SI BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110DQ UT WOS:000316423200010 ER PT J AU Hunt, AG Stern, L Pohlman, JW Ruppel, C Moscati, RJ Landis, GP AF Hunt, Andrew G. Stern, Laura Pohlman, John W. Ruppel, Carolyn Moscati, Richard J. Landis, Gary P. TI Mass fractionation of noble gases in synthetic methane hydrate: Implications for naturally occurring gas hydrate dissociation SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Noble gas; Methane; Stable isotopes; Mass-fractionation ID SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF; WATER; ICE AB As a consequence of contemporary or longer term (since 15 ka) climate warming, gas hydrates in some settings may presently be dissociating and releasing methane and other gases to the ocean atmosphere system. A key challenge in assessing the impact of dissociating gas hydrates on global atmospheric methane is the lack of a technique able to distinguish between methane recently released from gas hydrates and methane emitted from leaky thermogenic reservoirs, shallow sediments (some newly thawed), coal beds, and other sources. Carbon and deuterium stable isotopic fractionation during methane formation provides a first-order constraint on the processes (microbial or thermogenic) of methane generation. However, because gas hydrate formation and dissociation do not cause significant isotopic fractionation, a stable isotope-based hydrate-source determination is not possible. Here, we investigate patterns of mass-dependent noble gas fractionation within the gas hydrate lattice to fingerprint methane released from gas hydrates. Starting with synthetic gas hydrate formed under laboratory conditions, we document complex noble gas fractionation patterns in the gases liberated during dissociation and explore the effects of aging and storage (e.g., in liquid nitrogen), as well as sampling and preservation procedures. The laboratory results confirm a unique noble gas fractionation pattern for gas hydrates, one that shows promise in evaluating modern natural gas seeps for a signature associated with gas hydrate dissociation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hunt, Andrew G.; Moscati, Richard J.; Landis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Noble Gas Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stern, Laura] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pohlman, John W.; Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hunt, AG (reprint author), USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Bld 95,MS963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM AHUNT@usgs.gov OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU U.S. Geological Survey Gas Hydrates Project [DE-FE0002911, DE-NT0006147]; U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates Research and Development Program FX Partial support for this research was provided by Interagency Agreements DE-FE0002911 and DE-NT0006147 between the U.S. Geological Survey Gas Hydrates Project and the U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates Research and Development Program. We thank J. Pinkston (USGS) for the technical support during synthesis and dissociation of samples made in-house, and T. Lorenson (USGS) for help with dissociation of natural samples. We also thank T. Collett (USGS) and Ji-Hoon Kim (KIGAM) for the sample obtained from drilling in the Ulleung Basin. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purpose only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 SI SI BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.033 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 110DQ UT WOS:000316423200023 ER PT J AU De la Cruz, SEW Takekawa, JY Spragens, KA Yee, J Golightly, RT Massey, G Henkel, LA Larsen, RS Ziccardi, M AF De la Cruz, Susan E. W. Takekawa, John Y. Spragens, Kyle A. Yee, Julie Golightly, Richard T. Massey, Greg Henkel, Laird A. Larsen, R. Scott Ziccardi, Michael TI Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: An experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE San Francisco Bay; Melanitta perspicillata; Sea duck; Wildlife rehabilitation; Oil exposure; Radio telemetry ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; MARINE BIRDS; PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAS; POPULATION RECOVERY; WINTER SURVIVAL; SCALE IMPACTS; CRUDE-OIL; SEA; MORTALITY AB Birds are often the most numerous vertebrates damaged and rehabilitated in marine oil spills; however, the efficacy of avian rehabilitation is frequently debated and rarely examined experimentally. We compared survival of three radio-marked treatment groups, oiled, rehabilitated (ORHB), un-oiled, rehabilitated (RHB), and un-oiled, non-rehabilitated (CON), in an experimental approach to examine post-release survival of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) following the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan spill in San Francisco Bay. Live encounter-dead recovery modeling indicated that survival differed among treatment groups and over time since release. The survival estimate (+/- SE) for ORHB was 0.143 +/- 0.107 compared to CON (0.498 +/- 0.168) and RHB groups (0.772 +/- 0.229), suggesting scoters tolerated the rehabilitation process itself well, but oiling resulted in markedly lower survival. Future efforts to understand the physiological effects of oil type and severity on scoters are needed to improve post-release survival of this species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De la Cruz, Susan E. W.; Takekawa, John Y.; Spragens, Kyle A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Massey, Greg; Larsen, R. Scott; Ziccardi, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Henkel, Laird A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP De la Cruz, SEW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM sdelacruz@usgs.gov FU Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) at the University of California, Davis FX This study was funded by the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) at the University of California, Davis. OWCN personnel were directly involved in the rehabilitative care and radio-marking of scoters, but did not participate in data collection, analyses or interpretation. All capture, handling, and marking of scoters was carried out under the guidance and approval of the U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Animal Care and Use Committee with permits from California Department of Fish and Game (SC-004857 and SC-003855), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (MB-102896-0), and USGS Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL-22911). We are grateful for the comments of D. Esler, M. Ricca, and an anonymous reviewer, which helped to improve this manuscript. We thank E. Palm, M. Wilson, J. Shinn, S. Rhoades, L. Terrazas, A. Schultz, H. Robinson, and pilot B. Van Wagenen for assistance with scoter capture and marking, data collection, and data entry, as well as P. Gibbons, DVM, for his veterinary expertise. We acknowledge the assistance of Advanced Telemetry Systems for rapidly producing implant transmitters following the spill. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 111MV UT WOS:000316526300025 PM 23273616 ER PT J AU Bernot, MJ Smith, L Frey, J AF Bernot, Melody J. Smith, Lora Frey, Jeff TI Human and veterinary pharmaceutical abundance and transport in a rural central Indiana stream influenced by confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pharmaceuticals; PPCPs; Streams; CAFO; Transport; Agricultural ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER AB Previous research has documented the ubiquity of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in freshwater, though their persistence and transport is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the abundance and transport of human and veterinary PPCPs in a rural, central Indiana stream influenced by confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Research objectives also aimed to identify mechanisms controlling abundance and transport PPCP concentrations and stream physicochemical characteristics were measured monthly over one year at multiple sites along a 60 km reach. Overall, human PPCPs were more abundant and measured at higher concentrations than veterinary pharmaceuticals. Veterinary pharmaceutical concentrations (lincomycin, sulfamethazine) were greatest in stream reaches adjacent to CAFOs. No distinct spatial variation was observed for human PPCPs. However, caffeine and paraxanthine had significant temporal variation with higher concentrations in winter. In contrast, DEET had higher concentrations in summer. Pharmaceutical load (mu g/s) ranged from<0.005 to 1808 mu g/s across sites, sampling events and pharmaceutical compounds with human PPCPs having higher loads relative to veterinary pharmaceuticals. Reach input ranged from net retention (sulfamethazine in August) to 1667 mu g/m/d paraxanthine in March. Triclosan had the highest measured mean input into the reach (661 mu g/m/d) and sulfamethazine had the lowest mean input (32 mu g/m/d). Across measured compounds, input of PPCPs into the reach was two orders of magnitude lower than nitrate-N input (57,000 mu g/m/d). Transport metrics indicated acetaminophen and caffeine are transported farther than triclosan though had lower loss velocities (loss relative to abundance). Loss rate of PPCPs was an order of magnitude lower than nitrate-N loss rate. Human PPCPs were more abundant than veterinary pharmaceuticals in this rural watershed influenced by CAFOs. Further, concentrations had significant temporal and spatial variation highlighting differential sources and fates. Thus, mechanisms driving PPCP retention and transport need to be identified to aid management of these emerging contaminants. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bernot, Melody J.; Smith, Lora] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Frey, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Bernot, MJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM mjbernot@bsu.edu FU Indiana Water Resources Research Center FX We thank R. Bayless at USGS for project support and collaboration; R. Bruner and ISDH for pharmaceutical analyses; R. Bernot, C. Vann and B. Lepore for helpful feedback; L Caffo and the Bernot laboratory for assistance with sample analysis and collection; and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the Indiana Water Resources Research Center grant awarded to M. Bernot and a Ball State ASPIRE grant awarded to L. Smith. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 445 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115QK UT WOS:000316826800025 PM 23333518 ER PT J AU Chouet, BA Matoza, RS AF Chouet, Bernard A. Matoza, Robin S. TI A multi-decadal view of seismic methods for detecting precursors of magma movement and eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Volcano seismology; Volcanic earthquakes; Volcanic unrest; Seismic source mechanisms; Seismic imaging; Radiographic imaging ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; BENEATH MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; SATSUMA-IWOJIMA-VOLCANO; FAULT-PLANE SOLUTIONS AB With the emergence of portable broadband seismic instrumentation, availability of digital networks with wide dynamic range, and development of new powerful analysis techniques made possible by greatly increased computer capacity, volcano seismology has now reached a mature stage where insights are rapidly being gained on the role played by magmatic and hydrothermal fluids in the generation of seismic waves. Volcanoes produce a wide variety of signals originating in the transport of magma and related hydrothermal fluids and their interaction with solid rock. Typical signals include (1) brittle failure earthquakes that reflect the response of the rock to stress changes induced by magma movement; (2) pressure oscillations accompanying the dynamics of liquids and gases in conduits and cracks; and (3) magma fracturing and fragmentation. Oscillatory behaviors within magmatic and hydrothermal systems are the norm and are the expressions of the complex rheologies of these fluids and nonlinear characteristics of associated processes underlying the release of thermo-chemical and gravitational energy from volcanic fluids along their ascent path. The interpretation of these signals and quantification of their source mechanisms form the core of modern volcano seismology. The accuracy to which the forces operating at the source can be resolved depends on the degree of resolution achieved for the volcanic structure. High-resolution tomography based on iterative inversions of seismic travel-time data can image three-dimensional structures at a scale of a few hundred meters provided adequate local short-period earthquake data are available. Hence, forces in a volcano are potentially resolvable for periods longer than similar to 1 s. In concert with techniques aimed at the interpretation of processes occurring in the fluid, novel seismic methods have emerged that are allowing the detection of stress changes in volcanic structures induced by magma movement. These methods include (1) ambient noise interferometry, in which the ambient seismic noise is used to probe temporal changes in volcanic structures; (2) the measurement of seismic anisotropy, where changes in the alignment of fluid-filled microcracks and pore space are monitored to assess the response of the crust to pressurization of a magmatic system; and (3) the detection of systematic changes in fault plane solutions of volcano-tectonic earthquakes caused by local stress perturbations during conduit pressurization. As new seismic methods refine our understanding of seismic sources and behavior of volcanic structures, we face new challenges in elucidating the physico-chemical processes that cause volcanic unrest and its seismic and gas-discharge manifestations. Future important goals toward meeting those challenges must include a better understanding of the key types of magma movement, degassing and boiling events that produce characteristic seismic phenomena, along with a quantitative understanding of multiphase fluid behavior under dynamic volcanic conditions. Realizing these goals will be essential for the development of an integrated model of volcanic behavior and will require multidisciplinary research involving detailed field measurements, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chouet, Bernard A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Chouet, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chouet@usgs.gov; rmatoza@ucsd.edu FU Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX We are grateful to Phil Dawson for his assistance in drafting figures. This manuscript has benefited from comments by Matt Haney, Hiroyuki Kumagai, and an anonymous reviewer. Robin Matoza gratefully acknowledges support from the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. NR 517 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 252 BP 108 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.013 PG 68 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 111IJ UT WOS:000316514700008 ER PT J AU Garrity, SR Allen, CD Brumby, SP Gangodagamage, C McDowell, NG Cai, DM AF Garrity, Steven R. Allen, Craig D. Brumby, Steven P. Gangodagamage, Chandana McDowell, Nate G. Cai, D. Michael TI Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Drought; Image classification; QuickBird; Tree mortality; Unsupervised data clustering; WorldView-2 ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; PINE-BEETLE INFESTATION; RED-ATTACK DAMAGE; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; UNITED-STATES; DIE-OFF; FOREST AB Widespread tree mortality events have recently been observed in several biomes. To effectively quantify the severity and extent of these events, tools that allow for rapid assessment at the landscape scale are required. Past studies using high spatial resolution satellite imagery have primarily focused on detecting green, red, and gray tree canopies during and shortly after tree damage or mortality has occurred. However, detecting trees in various stages of death is not always possible due to limited availability of archived satellite imagery. Here we assess the capability of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for tree mortality detection in a southwestern U.S. mixed species woodland using archived satellite images acquired prior to mortality and well after dead trees had dropped their leaves. We developed a multistep classification approach that uses: supervised masking of non-tree image elements: bi-temporal ( pre- and post-mortality) differencing of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red:green ratio (RGI): and unsupervised multivariate clustering of pixels into live and dead tree classes using a Gaussian mixture model. Classification accuracies were improved in a final step by tuning the rules of pixel classification using the posterior probabilities of class membership obtained from the Gaussian mixture model. Classifications were produced for two images acquired post-mortality with overall accuracies of 97.9% and 98.5%, respectively. Classified images were combined with land cover data to characterize the spatiotemporal characteristics of tree mortality across areas with differences in tree species composition. We found that 38% of tree crown area was lost during the drought period between 2002 and 2006. The majority of tree mortality during this period was concentrated in pinon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma) woodlands. An additional 20% of the tree canopy died or was removed between 2006 and 2011, primarily in areas experiencing wildfire and management activity. -Our results demonstrate that unsupervised clustering of bi-temporal NDVI and RGI differences can be used to detect tree mortality resulting from numerous causes and in several forest cover types. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Garrity, Steven R.; Brumby, Steven P.; Cai, D. Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Gangodagamage, Chandana; McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garrity, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sgarrity@lanl.gov OI Gangodagamage, Chandana/0000-0001-6511-1711 FU LANL-LDRD FX This project was funded by LANL-LDRD. The authors thank Kay Beeley and Collin Haffey for collecting and processing field data, Mort Canty and Allan Nielsen for providing open access to the IR-MAD code, and Alexei Skurikhin and Park Williams for helpful discussion. We are also grateful for the helpful comments and suggestions provided by three anonymous reviewers. NR 71 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.029 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 095BA UT WOS:000315308300005 ER PT J AU Kokaly, RF Couvillion, BR Holloway, JM Roberts, DA Ustin, SL Peterson, SH Khanna, S Piazza, SC AF Kokaly, Raymond F. Couvillion, Brady R. Holloway, JoAnn M. Roberts, Dar A. Ustin, Susan L. Peterson, Seth H. Khanna, Shruti Piazza, Sarai C. TI Spectroscopic remote sensing of the distribution and persistence of oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill in Barataria Bay marshes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; Ecosystem disturbance and response; Imaging spectroscopy; Hydrocarbon; Oil spill; Coastal wetlands ID SUBMERGING COASTAL MARSH; SANTA-MONICA MOUNTAINS; SALT MARSHES; REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; LOUISIANA ESTUARY; AVIRIS DATA; NEW-MEXICO; CRUDE-OIL AB We applied a spectroscopic analysis to Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected from low and medium altitudes during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to delineate the distribution of oil-damaged canopies in the marshes of Barataria Bay, Louisiana. Spectral feature analysis compared the AVIRIS data to reference spectra of oiled marsh by using absorption features centered near 1.7 and 23 mu m, which arise from C-H bonds in oil. AVIRIS-derived maps of oiled shorelines from the individual dates of July 31, September 14, and October 4, 2010, were 89.3%, 89.8%, and 90.6% accurate, respectively. A composite map at 3.5 m grid spacing, accumulated from the three dates, was 93.4% accurate in detecting oiled shorelines. The composite map had 100% accuracy for detecting damaged plant canopy in oiled areas that extended more than 1.2 m into the marsh. Spatial resampling of the AVIRIS data to 30 m reduced the accuracy to 73.6% overall. However, detection accuracy remained high for oiled canopies that extended more than 4 m into the marsh (23 of 28 field reference points with oil were detected). Spectral resampling of the 3.5 m AVIRIS data to Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) spectral response greatly reduced the detection of oil spectral signatures. With spatial resampling of simulated Landsat ETM data to 30 m, oil signatures were not detected. Overall, similar to 40 km of coastline, marsh comprised mainly of Spartina alterniflora and Juncus roemerianus, were found to be oiled in narrow zones at the shorelines. Zones of oiled canopies reached on average 11 m into the marsh, with a maximum reach of 21 m. The field and airborne data showed that, in many areas, weathered oil persisted in the marsh from the first field survey. July 10, to the latest airborne survey. October 4, 2010. The results demonstrate the applicability of high spatial resolution imaging spectrometer data to identifying contaminants in the environment for use in evaluating ecosystem disturbance and response. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kokaly, Raymond F.; Holloway, JoAnn M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Couvillion, Brady R.; Piazza, Sarai C.] US Geol Survey, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Roberts, Dar A.; Peterson, Seth H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ustin, Susan L.; Khanna, Shruti] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM raymond@usgs.gov RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017; OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101; Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Ellington Field; NASA Ames; Johnson Space Center; Dryden Flight Research Center; Pollution Removal Funding Authority; Minerals and Health Project of the USGS Mineral Resources Program; National Science Foundation [1058134] FX Gregg Swayze and Greg Steyer of USGS assisted in field spectroscopy and design of field surveys, respectively. David Heckman (IAP Worldwide Services) and Kari Cretini (USGS) assisted with the vegetation identification. In response to the oil spill, the NASA AVIRIS team, including Robert Green, Michael Eastwood, Sarah Lundeen, Scott Nolte, and Charles Sarture, demonstrated outstanding service in the public interest. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Ellington Field, NASA Ames, Johnson Space Center and Dryden Flight Research Center supported the efforts to obtain airborne remote sensing data over oil-impacted areas of the coast. Dissolved organic carbon analysis was coordinated by George Aiken and Kenna Butler (USGS, Boulder, CO). The USGS field research was supported by the Pollution Removal Funding Authority and the Minerals and Health Project of the USGS Mineral Resources Program. The National Science Foundation provided funding to support this work (NSF RAPID grant #1058134 "Analysis of NASA's Advanced Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data acquired over multiple dates and flightlines along the northern Gulf coastline, including barrier islands," Principal Investigator S. Ustin). NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 128 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 210 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.028 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 095BA UT WOS:000315308300018 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Chou, IM Hu, WX Burruss, RC AF Wang, Xiaolin Chou, I-Ming Hu, Wenxuan Burruss, Robert C. TI In situ observations of liquid-liquid phase separation in aqueous MgSO4 solutions: Geological and geochemical implications SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; CONTACT ION-PAIRS; MAGNESIUM-SULFATE; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; CARBONATE RESERVOIRS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; SICHUAN BASIN; AB-INITIO; WATER AB A previously unknown liquid-liquid phase separation in vapor-saturated aqueous MgSO4 solutions containing 1.19-19.36 mass% of MgSO4 was observed in fused silica capillary capsules during heating at temperatures above 259 degrees C. Under these conditions, we observed that MgSO4-rich droplets were separated from the original aqueous MgSO4 solutions during heating, and these two coexisting liquid phases homogenized during cooling. The newly discovered liquid-liquid phase separation in MgSO4 solutions was characterized by a lower critical solution temperature phenomenon, which was considered to be a macro-scale chemical property of polymeric mixtures. In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations identified a distinctly new nu(1)(SO42-) mode at similar to 1020 cm(-1) in the MgSO4-rich droplets; the new nu(1)(SO42-) mode was predicted to be present in MgSO4 polymer(s) in aqueous solutions. As mentioned above, both the phase behavior and relevant Raman spectra indicate the existence of polymer(s) in MgSO4 solutions. The recognition of the liquid-liquid phase separation and polymerization of MgSO4 in aqueous MgSO4 solutions is important for the experimental investigation of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), because (1) the emergence of the MgSO4-rich droplets will substantially increase the local MgSO4 concentration, which is not representative of the geologic environments where TSR occurs; and (2) the formation of various ion pairs and MgSO4 polymers makes the mechanism of TSR far more complex than that occurring at relatively low temperatures (i.e., <200 degrees C). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xiaolin] Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaolin; Hu, Wenxuan] Nanjing Univ, Inst Energy Sci, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaolin] China Univ Petr, State Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci, State Key Lab Mineral Deposits Res, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xlinwang@nju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science of Foundation of China [41230312, 41203045, 41072091]; Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum [PRP/open-1203] FX We thank Harvey E. Belkin and Robert R. Seal II of U.S. Geological Survey, the Associate Editor, Bjorn Mysen, and three anonymous referees for their constructive reviews and suggestions. This work was supported by National Natural Science of Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230312, 41203045 and 41072091) and Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Grant No. PRP/open-1203). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purpose only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 103 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.044 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 072QZ UT WOS:000313688600001 ER PT J AU Roy, M Martin, JB Cable, JE Smith, CG AF Roy, Moutusi Martin, Jonathan B. Cable, Jaye E. Smith, Christopher G. TI Variations of iron flux and organic carbon remineralization in a subterranean estuary caused by inter-annual variations in recharge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; PORE-WATER TRANSPORT; RADIUM ISOTOPES; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DISSOLVED IRON; WAQUOIT BAY; INPUTS; OCEAN AB We determine the inter-annual variations in diagenetic reaction rates of sedimentary iron (Fe) in an east Florida subterranean estuary and evaluate the connection between metal fluxes and recharge to the coastal aquifer. Over the three years study period (from 2004 to 2007), the amount of Fe-oxides reduced at the study site decreased from 192 to 153 g/yr and associated organic carbon (OC) remineralization decreased from 48 to 38 g/yr. These reductions occurred although the Fe-oxide reduction rates remained constant around 1 mg/cm(2)/yr. These results suggest that changes in flow rates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) related to changes in precipitation may be important to fluxes of the diagenetic reaction products. Rainfall at a weather station approximately 5 km from the field area decreased from 12.6 to 8.4 cm/month from 2004 to 2007. Monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) calculated from Thornthwaite's method indicated potential evapotranspiration cycled from about 3 cm/month in the winter to about 15 cm/month in the summer so that net annual recharge to the aquifer decreased from 40 cm in 2004 to 10 cm in 2007. Simultaneously with the decrease in recharge of groundwater, freshwater SGD decreased by around 20% and caused the originally 25 m wide freshwater seepage face to decrease in width by about 5 m. The smaller seepage face reduced the area under which Fe-oxides were undergoing reductive dissolution. Consequently, the observed decrease in Fe flux is controlled by hydrology of the subterranean estuary. These results point out the need to better understand linkages between temporal variations in diagenetic reactions and changes in flow within subterranean estuaries in order to accurately constrain their contribution to oceanic fluxes of solutes from subterranean estuaries. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Moutusi; Martin, Jonathan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cable, Jaye E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marines Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Smith, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Roy, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM moutusi@ufl.edu; jbmartin@ufl.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0403461, EAR-0403515] FX This work has been supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0403461 (J.B.M.) and EAR-0403515 (J.E.C.). We appreciate the help of Dr. Jennifer Cherrier of Florida A & M University and her graduate student Amanda Dorsett for their assistance with sample collection. We acknowledge Dr. George Kamenev for helping us with ICP-MS analysis. We also acknowledge our editor Dr. C.J. Daughney and two anonymous reviewers for their critical suggestions to improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 103 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.055 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 072QZ UT WOS:000313688600020 ER PT J AU Stetz, J Hunt, K Kendall, KC Wasser, SK AF Stetz, Jeff Hunt, Kathleen Kendall, Katherine C. Wasser, Samuel K. TI Effects of Exposure, Diet, and Thermoregulation on Fecal Glucocorticoid Measures in Wild Bears SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; BLACK BEARS; STRESS; EXCRETION; STEROIDS; ALBERTA; FECES; WOMEN AB We examined fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) measures of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands on wild bears in Glacier National Park, Montana, and assessed how these measures changed in samples left in the field. Both ambient temperature and exposure can impact thermoregulation and sample degradation. Bear diets vary markedly with season, affecting body condition and thus fGC. We collected fecal samples during September and October, 2001, when ambient temperatures ranged from 30 degrees C to -5 degrees C. We collected half of each sample immediately and left the other half in its original location for 1-28 days. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to first predict fGC concentrations in fresh samples based on proxies of nutrition, ambient temperature, thermal exposure, and precipitation. These same covariates were then used to predict degradation-based differences in fGC concentrations between the paired sample halves. Variation in fGC was predicted by diet, Julian date, aspect, and the interaction between Julian date and aspect in both fresh and exposed samples. Cumulative precipitation was also a significant predictor of fGC concentrations in the exposed samples, independent of time, indicating that precipitation contributes to sample degradation but not enough to mask effects of other environmental factors on fGC concentrations. Differences between sample halves were only predicted by cumulative precipitation and exposure time; cumulative precipitation decreased, whereas exposure time increased, fGC concentrations in the exposed sample halves. Results indicate that fGC can provide reliable indices of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands in bears and that sample degradation impacts on these relations are minimal and can be virtually eliminated by controlling for cumulative precipitation over the estimated exposure times. C1 [Stetz, Jeff] Sinopah Wildlife Res Associates, Missoula, MT USA. [Hunt, Kathleen; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT USA. RP Stetz, J (reprint author), Sinopah Wildlife Res Associates, Missoula, MT USA. EM jeff.stetz@gmail.com FU JBS; University of Washington Center for Conservation Biology; University of Montana FX Field work for this study was primarily funded by JBS, but there were no potential financial gains to any author via this work. The USGS provided office space, IT support, and a field vehicle. All laboratory analyses were supported by the University of Washington Center for Conservation Biology. Additional lab support was provided by the University of Montana. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55967 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055967 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099EJ UT WOS:000315602700028 PM 23457488 ER PT J AU Golynsky, A Bell, R Blankenship, D Damaske, D Ferraccioli, F Finn, C Golynsky, D Ivanov, S Jokat, W Masolov, V Riedel, S von Frese, R Young, D AF Golynsky, A. Bell, R. Blankenship, D. Damaske, D. Ferraccioli, F. Finn, C. Golynsky, D. Ivanov, S. Jokat, W. Masolov, V. Riedel, S. von Frese, R. Young, D. CA ADMAP Working Grp TI Air and shipborne magnetic surveys of the Antarctic into the 21st century SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ADMAP; Geophysical surveys; Magnetic anomalies; Crustal studies of the Antarctic ID EARLY PALEOZOIC SUBDUCTION; DRONNING MAUD LAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; AEROGEOPHYSICAL DATA; AEROMAGNETIC DATA; WEST ANTARCTICA; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GONDWANA; ANOMALIES AB The Antarctic geomagnetics' community remains very active in crustal anomaly mapping. More than 1.5 million line-km of new air- and shipborne data have been acquired over the past decade by the international community in Antarctica. These new data together with surveys that previously were not in the public domain significantly upgrade the ADMAP compilation. Aeromagnetic flights over East Antarctica have been concentrated in the Transantarctic Mountains, the Prince Charles Mountains - Lambert Glacier area, and western Dronning Maud Land (DML) - Coats Land. Additionally, surveys were conducted over Lake Vostok and the western part of Marie Byrd Land by the US Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research projects and over the Amundsen Sea Embayment during the austral summer of 2004/2005 by a collaborative US/UK aerogeophysical campaign. New aeromagnetic data over the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (120,000 line-km), acquired within the IPY Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province project reveal fundamental geologic features beneath the East Antarctic Ice sheet critical to understanding Precambrian continental growth processes. Roughly 100,000 line-km of magnetic data obtained within the International Collaboration for Exploration of the Cryosphere through Aerogeophysical Profiling promises to shed light on subglacial lithology and identify crustal boundaries for the central Antarctic Plate. Since the 1996/97 season, the Alfred Wegener Institute has collected 90,000 km of aeromagnetic data along a 1200 km long segment of the East Antarctic coast over western DML Recent cruises by Australian, German, Japanese, Russian, British, and American researchers have contributed to long-standing studies of the Antarctic continental margin. Along the continental margin of East Antarctica west of Maud Rise to the George V Coast of Victoria Land, the Russian Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition and Geoscience Australia obtained 80,000 and 20,000 line-km, respectively, of integrated seismic, gravity and magnetic data. Additionally, US expeditions collected 128,000 line-km of shipborne magnetic data in the Ross Sea sector. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Golynsky, A.; Golynsky, D.] VNIIOkeangeologia, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. [Bell, R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Blankenship, D.; Young, D.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Damaske, D.] BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Ferraccioli, F.] BAS, Cambridge CB3 OET, England. [Finn, C.] USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80255 USA. [Ivanov, S.; Masolov, V.] PMGE, Lomonosov 189510, Russia. [Jokat, W.; Riedel, S.] Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [von Frese, R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Golynsky, A (reprint author), VNIIOkeangeologia, 1,Angliysky Ave, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. EM sasha@vniio.nw.ru; robinb@ldeo.columbia.edu; blank@ig.utexas.edu; Detlef.Damaske@bgr.de; ffe@bas.ac.uk; cfinn@usgs.gov; Dmitry.A.Golynsky@gmail.com; antarctida@peterlink.ru; jokat@awi-bremerhaven.de; antarctida@peterlink.ru; sven.riedel@geophysik.uni-kiel.de; vonfrese@geology.ohio-state.edu; Duncan@ig.utexas.edu RI Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010; OI Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176; Jokat, Wilfried/0000-0002-7793-5854 NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 585 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.017 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 094BU UT WOS:000315238800002 ER PT J AU Behrendt, JC AF Behrendt, John C. TI The aeromagnetic method as a tool to identify Cenozoic magmatism in the West Antarctic Rift System beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet - A review; Thiel subglacial volcano as possible source of the ash layer in the WAISCORE SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Magnetic anomaly; Glacier; Radar ice sounding; Antarctica; Rift; Volcanism ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; RADAR ICE; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE; ERUPTION; ICELAND; GEOLOGY; ROCKS AB The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) flows through the volcanically active West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). The aeromagnetic method has been the most useful geophysical tool for identification of subglacial volcanic rocks, since 1959-64 surveys, particularly combined with 1978 radar ice-sounding. The unique 1991-97 Central West Antarctica (CWA) aerogeophysical survey covering 354,000 km(2) over the WAIS, (5-km line-spaced, orthogonal lines of aeromagnetic, radar ice-sounding, and aerogravity measurements), still provides invaluable information on subglacial volcanic rocks, particularly combined with the older aeromagnetic profiles. These data indicate numerous 100-> 1000 nT, 5-50-km width, shallow-source, magnetic anomalies over an area greater than 1.2 x 10(6) km(2), mostly from subglacial volcanic sources. I interpreted the CWA anomalies as defining about 1000 "volcanic centers" requiring high remanent normal magnetizations in the present field direction. About 400 anomaly sources correlate with bed topography. At least 80% of these sources have less than 200 m relief at the WAIS bed. They appear modified by moving ice, requiting a younger age than the WAIS (about 25 Ma). Exposed volcanoes in the WARS are < 34 Ma, but at least four are active. If a few buried volcanic centers are active, subglacial volcanism may well affect the WAIS regime. Aerogeophysical data (Blankenship et al., 1993, Mt. Casertz; Corr and Vaughan, 2008, near Hudson Mts.) indicated active subglacial volcanism. Magnetic data indicate a caldera and a surrounding "low" in the WAISCORE vicinity possibly the result of a shallow Curie isotherm. High heat flow reported from temperature logging in the WAISCORE (Conway et al., 2011; Clow, personal commun.) and a volcanic ash layer (Dunbar, 2012) are consistent with this interpretation. A subaerially erupted subglacial volcano, (Mt Thiel), about 100 km distant, may be the ash source. The present rapid changes resulting from global warming, could be accelerated by subglacial volcanism. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Behrendt, John C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Behrendt, John C.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Behrendt, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, CB450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.behrendt@colorado.edu FU The National Science Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey FX I thank my many co-authors cited and other colleagues with whom I have worked in Antarctica over the past 55 years. Nelia Dunbar suggested the origin of the ash layer with a subglacial subaerially erupted volcano. Gary Clow shared his preliminary temperature measurements in the WAISCORE. Wesley LeMasurier has contributed many hours discussing our various interpretations. In particular I wish to acknowledge Edward Thiel, who made the first aeromagnetic survey flights over the WAIS in 1959, and who was killed in an Antarctic aeromagnetic survey crash (along with four others) in 1961. The National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding and logistic support for this work. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 585 SI SI BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.035 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 094BU UT WOS:000315238800012 ER PT J AU Snedden, GA Steyer, GD AF Snedden, Gregg A. Steyer, Gregory D. TI Predictive occurrence models for coastal wetland plant communities: Delineating hydrologic response surfaces with multinomial logistic regression SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wetlands; ecological zonation; hydrology; vegetation cover; community composition ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-PATENS; INUNDATION FREQUENCY; VEGETATION ZONATION; INCREASED SALINITY; PANICUM-HEMITOMON; WEIGHTED KAPPA; TIDAL FRESH AB Understanding plant community zonation along estuarine stress gradients is critical for effective conservation and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems. We related the presence of plant community types to estuarine hydrology at 173 sites across coastal Louisiana. Percent relative cover by species was assessed at each site near the end of the growing season in 2008, and hourly water level and salinity were recorded at each site Oct 2007-Sep 2008. Nine plant community types were delineated with k-means clustering, and indicator species were identified for each of the community types with indicator species analysis. An inverse relation between salinity and species diversity was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) effectively segregated the sites across ordination space by community type, and indicated that salinity and tidal amplitude were both important drivers of vegetation composition. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) were used to predict the probability of occurrence of the nine vegetation communities as a function of salinity and tidal amplitude, and probability surfaces obtained from the MLR model corroborated the CCA results. The weighted kappa statistic, calculated from the confusion matrix of predicted versus actual community types, was 0.7 and indicated good agreement between observed community types and model predictions. Our results suggest that models based on a few key hydrologic variables can be valuable tools for predicting vegetation community development when restoring and managing coastal wetlands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Snedden, Gregg A.; Steyer, Gregory D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Snedden, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gsnedden@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the solicitation "Earth Science for Decision Making: Gulf of Mexico Region"; Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, Coastwide Reference Monitoring Program FX This study was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the solicitation "Earth Science for Decision Making: Gulf of Mexico Region", and in cooperation with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act, Coastwide Reference Monitoring Program. Megan LaPeyre, Guerry Holm, James Grace and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.002 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 095YG UT WOS:000315370300002 ER PT J AU Yurek, S DeAngelis, DL Trexler, JC Jopp, F Donalson, DD AF Yurek, Simeon DeAngelis, Donald L. Trexler, Joel C. Jopp, Fred Donalson, Douglas D. TI Simulating mechanisms for dispersal, production and stranding of small forage fish in temporary wetland habitats SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Spatially explicit model; Fish movement strategies; Small fish community; Ephemeral habitats; Dynamic biomass distributions; Trophic web structure ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; FLORIDA-EVERGLADES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; OLIGOTROPHIC WETLAND; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; WADING BIRDS; ECOSYSTEM; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE AB Movement strategies of small forage fish (<8 cm total length) between temporary and permanent wetland habitats affect their overall population growth and biomass concentrations, i.e., availability to predators. These fish are often the key energy link between primary producers and top predators, such as wading birds, which require high concentrations of stranded fish in accessible depths. Expansion and contraction of seasonal wetlands induce a sequential alternation between rapid biomass growth and concentration, creating the conditions for local stranding of small fish as they move in response to varying water levels. To better understand how landscape topography, hydrology, and fish behavior interact to create high densities of stranded fish, we first simulated population dynamics of small fish, within a dynamic food web, with different traits for movement strategy and growth rate, across an artificial, spatially explicit, heterogeneous, two-dimensional marsh slough landscape, using hydrologic variability as the driver for movement. Model output showed that fish with the highest tendency to invade newly flooded marsh areas built up the largest populations over long time periods with stable hydrologic patterns. A higher probability to become stranded had negative effects on long-term population size, and offset the contribution of that species to stranded biomass. The model was next applied to the topography of a 10 km x 10 km area of Everglades landscape. The details of the topography were highly important in channeling fish movements and creating spatiotemporal patterns of fish movement and stranding. This output provides data that can be compared in the future with observed locations of fish biomass concentrations, or such surrogates as phosphorus 'hotspots' in the marsh. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yurek, Simeon; DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Cox Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Trexler, Joel C.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Donalson, Douglas D.] USA, Corps Engineers, Jacksonville, FL 32202 USA. [Jopp, Fred] Univ Giessen, Dept Anim Ecol, IFZ, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Yurek, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Cox Sci Ctr, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM syurek@bio.miami.edu; don_deangelis@usgs.gov; trexlerj@fiu.edu; fred.jopp@gmail.com; douglas.d.donalson@usace.army.mil FU USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species project; Department of the Army [W912HZ-10-2-0033]; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) [W912HZ-10-2-0033]; Florida International University [W912HZ-10-2-0033]; National Science Foundation [DEB-9910514] FX We thank William F. Loftus, Joseph Serafy, and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments and suggestions. S. Yurek was supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program and by the USGS Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species project. J.C. Trexler was supported by cooperative agreement W912HZ-10-2-0033 between the Department of the Army, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and Florida International University while working on this project. This material was developed in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation Grant No. DEB-9910514. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 250 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.001 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094EP UT WOS:000315246100037 ER PT J AU Hatten, JR Batt, TR Scoppettone, GG Dixon, CJ AF Hatten, James R. Batt, Thomas R. Scoppettone, Gary G. Dixon, Christopher J. TI An Ecohydraulic Model to Identify and Monitor Moapa Dace Habitat SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MUDDY RIVER; CLARK COUNTY; COLUMBIA RIVER; NEVADA; FISHES; SELECTION; STREAM; CORIACEA; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB Moapa dace (Moapa coriacea) is a critically endangered thermophilic minnow native to the Muddy River ecosystem in southeastern Nevada, USA. Restricted to temperatures between 26.0 and 32.0 degrees C, these fish are constrained to the upper two km of the Muddy River and several small tributaries fed by warm springs. Habitat alterations, nonnative species invasion, and water withdrawals during the 20th century resulted in a drastic decline in the dace population and in 1979 the Moapa Valley National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) was created to protect them. The goal of our study was to determine the potential effects of reduced surface flows that might result from groundwater pumping or water diversions on Moapa dace habitat inside the Refuge. We accomplished our goal in several steps. First, we conducted snorkel surveys to determine the locations of Moapa dace on three warm-spring tributaries of the Muddy River. Second, we conducted hydraulic simulations over a range of flows with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Third, we developed a set of Moapa dace habitat models with logistic regression and a geographic information system. Fourth, we estimated Moapa dace habitat over a range of flows (plus or minus 30% of base flow). Our spatially explicit habitat models achieved classification accuracies between 85% and 91%, depending on the snorkel survey and creek. Water depth was the most significant covariate in our models, followed by substrate, Froude number, velocity, and water temperature. Hydraulic simulations showed 2-11% gains in dace habitat when flows were increased by 30%, and 8-32% losses when flows were reduced by 30%. To ensure the health and survival of Moapa dace and the Muddy River ecosystem, groundwater and surface-water withdrawals and diversions need to be carefully monitored, while fully implementing a proactive conservation strategy. C1 [Hatten, James R.; Batt, Thomas R.; Dixon, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Scoppettone, Gary G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Reno Field Stn, Reno, NV USA. RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhatten@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office) [85320-7-H437, F11RG00507]; Conservation Initiatives portion of the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act; Southern Nevada Water Authority FX Funding was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office) Interagency agreements 85320-7-H437 and F11RG00507; the Conservation Initiatives portion of the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act; and the Southern Nevada Water Authority. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55551 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055551 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092XV UT WOS:000315157200038 PM 23408999 ER PT J AU Guida, VG Valentine, PC Gallea, LB AF Guida, Vincent G. Valentine, Page C. Gallea, Leslie B. TI Semidiurnal Temperature Changes Caused by Tidal Front Movements in the Warm Season in Seabed Habitats on the Georges Bank Northern Margin and Their Ecological Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; WESTERN IRISH SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT; CYCLIC TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL MODEL; BRITISH-ISLES; US COAST; SEDIMENT; ECOSYSTEM AB Georges Bank is a large, shallow feature separating the Gulf of Maine from the Atlantic Ocean. Previous studies demonstrated a strong tidal-mixing front during the warm season on the northern bank margin between thermally stratified water in the Gulf of Maine and mixed water on the bank. Tides transport warm water off the bank during flood tide and cool gulf water onto the bank during ebb tide. During 10 days in August 2009, we mapped frontal temperatures in five study areas along similar to 100 km of the bank margin. The seabed "frontal zone", where temperature changed with frontal movment, experienced semidiurnal temperature maxima and minima. The tidal excursion of the frontal boundary between stratified and mixed water ranged 6 to 10 km. This "frontal boundary zone" was narrower than the frontal zone. Along transects perpendicular to the bank margin, seabed temperature change at individual sites ranged from 7.0 degrees C in the frontal zone to 0.0 degrees C in mixed bank water. At time series in frontal zone stations, changes during tidal cycles ranged from 1.2 to 6.1 degrees C. The greatest rate of change (-2.48 degrees C hr(-1)) occurred at mid-ebb. Geographic plots of seabed temperature change allowed the mapping of up to 8 subareas in each study area. The magnitude of temperature change in a subarea depended on its location in the frontal zone. Frontal movement had the greatest effect on seabed temperature in the 40 to 80 m depth interval. Subareas experiencing maximum temperature change in the frontal zone were not in the frontal boundary zone, but rather several km gulfward (off-bank) of the frontal boundary zone. These results provide a new ecological framework for examining the effect of tidally-driven temperature variability on the distribution, food resources, and reproductive success of benthic invertebrate and demersal fish species living in tidal front habitats. C1 [Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, JJ Howard Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Valentine, Page C.; Gallea, Leslie B.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Guida, VG (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, JJ Howard Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Vincent.Guida@noaa.gov FU Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC); United States Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS WH CMSC); NEFSC FX This study was supported by salary funds from the regular annual salary budget from Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) and United States Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS WH C&MSC), respectively; ship time funds from the NEFSC annual budget for days-at-sea ship operations; equipment from the NEFSC and USGS WH C&MSC annual equipment budgets. The funding offices (NEFSC and USGS WH C& MSC) played the following roles in this study: approval of research plans and allocation of assets, e.g. ship time and personnel travel and overtime payments, and review and approval of manuscript release for publication. This is standard agency practice in both cases. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55273 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055273 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092WJ UT WOS:000315153400074 PM 23405129 ER PT J AU O'Halloran, LR Borer, ET Seabloom, EW MacDougall, AS Cleland, EE McCulley, RL Hobbie, S Harpole, WS DeCrappeo, NM Chu, CJ Bakker, JD Davies, KF Du, GZ Firn, J Hagenah, N Hofmockel, KS Knops, JMH Li, W Melbourne, BA Morgan, JW Orrock, JL Prober, SM Stevens, CJ AF O'Halloran, Lydia R. Borer, Elizabeth T. Seabloom, Eric W. MacDougall, Andrew S. Cleland, Elsa E. McCulley, Rebecca L. Hobbie, Sarah Harpole, W. Stan DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Chu, Chengjin Bakker, Jonathan D. Davies, Kendi F. Du, Guozhen Firn, Jennifer Hagenah, Nicole Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Knops, Johannes M. H. Li, Wei Melbourne, Brett A. Morgan, John W. Orrock, John L. Prober, Suzanne M. Stevens, Carly J. TI Regional Contingencies in the Relationship between Aboveground Biomass and Litter in the World's Grasslands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; DECOMPOSITION RATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; LEAF-LITTER; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ROOT DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN RELEASE AB Based on regional-scale studies, aboveground production and litter decomposition are thought to positively covary, because they are driven by shared biotic and climatic factors. Until now we have been unable to test whether production and decomposition are generally coupled across climatically dissimilar regions, because we lacked replicated data collected within a single vegetation type across multiple regions, obfuscating the drivers and generality of the association between production and decomposition. Furthermore, our understanding of the relationships between production and decomposition rests heavily on separate meta-analyses of each response, because no studies have simultaneously measured production and the accumulation or decomposition of litter using consistent methods at globally relevant scales. Here, we use a multi-country grassland dataset collected using a standardized protocol to show that live plant biomass (an estimate of aboveground net primary production) and litter disappearance (represented by mass loss of aboveground litter) do not strongly covary. Live biomass and litter disappearance varied at different spatial scales. There was substantial variation in live biomass among continents, sites and plots whereas among continent differences accounted for most of the variation in litter disappearance rates. Although there were strong associations among aboveground biomass, litter disappearance and climatic factors in some regions (e. g. U. S. Great Plains), these relationships were inconsistent within and among the regions represented by this study. These results highlight the importance of replication among regions and continents when characterizing the correlations between ecosystem processes and interpreting their global-scale implications for carbon flux. We must exercise caution in parameterizing litter decomposition and aboveground production in future regional and global carbon models as their relationship is complex. C1 [O'Halloran, Lydia R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Borer, Elizabeth T.; Seabloom, Eric W.; Hobbie, Sarah] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [MacDougall, Andrew S.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Cleland, Elsa E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McCulley, Rebecca L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Harpole, W. Stan; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Li, Wei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [DeCrappeo, Nicole M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Chu, Chengjin; Du, Guozhen] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, MOE Key Lab Arid & Grassland Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Bakker, Jonathan D.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Davies, Kendi F.; Melbourne, Brett A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Firn, Jennifer] Queensland Univ Technol, Fac Sci & Engn, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Hagenah, Nicole] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Scottsville, South Africa. [Knops, Johannes M. H.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Morgan, John W.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Bot, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prober, Suzanne M.] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Stevens, Carly J.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Hagenah, Nicole] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Stevens, Carly J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. RP O'Halloran, LR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM riesl@science.oregonstate.edu RI MacDougall, Andrew/F-2037-2011; Bakker, Jonathan/I-6960-2013; Harpole, William/C-2814-2013; Prober, Suzanne/G-6465-2010; OI Harpole, William/0000-0002-3404-9174; Firn, Jennifer/0000-0001-6026-8912; Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259; Hobbie, Sarah/0000-0001-5159-031X; Borer, Elizabeth/0000-0003-2259-5853 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-DEB-1042132] FX This work was generated using data from the Nutrient Network collaborative experiment, funded at the site-scale by individual researchers and coordinated through Research Coordination Network funding from National Science Foundation (NSF) to ETB and EWS (NSF-DEB-1042132). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 82 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e54988 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0054988 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092WJ UT WOS:000315153400047 PM 23405103 ER PT J AU Drenner, RW Chumchal, MM Jones, CM Lehmann, CMB Gay, DA Donato, DI AF Drenner, Ray W. Chumchal, Matthew M. Jones, Christina M. Lehmann, Christopher M. B. Gay, David A. Donato, David I. TI Effects of Mercury Deposition and Coniferous Forests on the Mercury Contamination of Fish in the South Central United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; METHYL MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; METHYLMERCURY; USA; CANADA; CANOPY; TISSUE; HEALTH AB Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is found in aquatic food webs and is hazardous to human and wildlife health. We examined the relationship between Hg deposition, land coverage by coniferous and deciduous forests, and average Hg concentrations in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)equivalent fish (LMBE) in 14 ecoregions located within all or part of six states in the South Central U.S. In 11 ecoregions, the average Hg concentrations in 35.6-cm total length LMBE were above 300 ng/g, the threshold concentration of Hg recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the issuance of fish consumption advisories. Percent land coverage by coniferous forests within ecoregions had a significant linear relationship with average Hg concentrations in LMBE while percent land coverage by deciduous forests did not. Eighty percent of the variance in average Hg concentrations in LMBE between ecoregions could be accounted for by estimated Hg deposition after adjusting for the effects of coniferous forests. Here we show for the first time that fish from ecoregions with high atmospheric Hg pollution and coniferous forest coverage pose a significant hazard to human health. Our study suggests that models that use Hg deposition to predict Hg concentrations in fish could be improved by including the effects of coniferous forests on Hg deposition. C1 [Drenner, Ray W.; Chumchal, Matthew M.; Jones, Christina M.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Jones, Christina M.] Texas Christian Univ, Sch Geol Energy & Environm, Inst Environm Sci, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Lehmann, Christopher M. B.; Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61864 USA. [Donato, David I.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Drenner, RW (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Winton Scott Room 401,2800 S Univ Dr, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM r.drenner@tcu.edu OI Chumchal, Matthew/0000-0001-7160-3157; Donato, David/0000-0002-5412-0249 FU NextEra Energy Resources LLC; Texas Christian University (TCU) Research and Creative Activities Fund; TCU Biology Department Adkin's Fund FX This research was supported by NextEra Energy Resources LLC, the Texas Christian University (TCU) Research and Creative Activities Fund, and the TCU Biology Department Adkin's Fund. We thank David Cross and Tamie Morgan for assistance and Jay Wright, Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality; Alan Price, Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality; Al Gibson, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality; Deborah Arnwine, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation; Jason Yarbrough, Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality for data on Hg concentrations in largemouth bass. Michael Fienen and Sandra Cooper provided helpful manuscript reviews. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1274 EP 1279 DI 10.1021/es303734n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500015 PM 23286301 ER PT J AU Mattsson, BJ Zipkin, EF Gardner, B Blank, PJ Sauer, JR Royle, JA AF Mattsson, Brady J. Zipkin, Elise F. Gardner, Beth Blank, Peter J. Sauer, John R. Royle, J. Andrew TI Explaining Local-Scale Species Distributions: Relative Contributions of Spatial Autocorrelation and Landscape Heterogeneity for an Avian Assemblage SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; OCCUPANCY MODELS; BIRDS; INFERENCE; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; PATTERNS AB Understanding interactions between mobile species distributions and landcover characteristics remains an outstanding challenge in ecology. Multiple factors could explain species distributions including endogenous evolutionary traits leading to conspecific clustering and endogenous habitat features that support life history requirements. Birds are a useful taxon for examining hypotheses about the relative importance of these factors among species in a community. We developed a hierarchical Bayes approach to model the relationships between bird species occupancy and local landcover variables accounting for spatial autocorrelation, species similarities, and partial observability. We fit alternative occupancy models to detections of 90 bird species observed during repeat visits to 316 point-counts forming a 400-m grid throughout the Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge in Maryland, USA. Models with landcover variables performed significantly better than our autologistic and null models, supporting the hypothesis that local landcover heterogeneity is important as an exogenous driver for species distributions. Conspecific clustering alone was a comparatively poor descriptor of local community composition, but there was evidence for spatial autocorrelation in all species. Considerable uncertainty remains whether landcover combined with spatial autocorrelation is most parsimonious for describing bird species distributions at a local scale. Spatial structuring may be weaker at intermediate scales within which dispersal is less frequent, information flows are localized, and landcover types become spatially diversified and therefore exhibit little aggregation. Examining such hypotheses across species assemblages contributes to our understanding of community-level associations with conspecifics and landscape composition. C1 [Mattsson, Brady J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Zipkin, Elise F.; Blank, Peter J.; Sauer, John R.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mattsson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Vienna, Austria. EM brady.mattsson@gmail.com RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015; OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 116 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55097 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055097 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 086NV UT WOS:000314692800018 PM 23393564 ER PT J AU Seo, HJ Kim, HC Klein, TA Ramey, AM Lee, JH Kyung, SG Park, JY Cho, YS Cho, IS Yeh, JY AF Seo, Hyun-Ji Kim, Heung Chul Klein, Terry A. Ramey, Andrew M. Lee, Ji-Hye Kyung, Soon-Goo Park, Jee-Yong Cho, Yun Sang Cho, In-Soo Yeh, Jung-Yong TI Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes during a 2010 Outbreak in the Republic of Korea SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LABORATORY TRANSMISSION; FREQUENT INTRODUCTIONS; SOUTH-KOREA; EAST-ASIA; CHINA; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION AB Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. To reduce the impact of Japanese encephalitis among children in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. Through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the ROK during the period of 1984-2009. However, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis, including 7 deaths. This represented a >12-fold increase in the number of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK as compared to the mean number reported over the last 26 years and a 3.7-fold increase over the highest annual number of cases during this same period (7 cases). Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the 2010 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK. A total of 6,328 culicine mosquitoes belonging to 12 species from 5 genera were collected at 6 survey sites from June through October 2010 and assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of JEV. A total of 34/371 pooled samples tested positive for JEV (29/121 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4/64 Cx. pipiens, and 1/26 Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) as confirmed by sequencing of the pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 culicine vectors for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were 11.8, 5.6, and 2.8, respectively. Sequences of the JEV pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes amplified from the culicine mosquitoes by RT-PCR were compared with those of JEV genotypes I-V. Phylogenetic analyses support the detection of a single genotype (I) among samples collected from the ROK in 2010. C1 [Seo, Hyun-Ji; Lee, Ji-Hye; Park, Jee-Yong; Cho, Yun Sang; Cho, In-Soo; Yeh, Jung-Yong] Anim Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspect Agcy, Foreign Anim Dis Div, Anyang Si, South Korea. [Kim, Heung Chul] 5th Med Detachment, Unit 15247, Multifunct Med Battal 168, Med Brigade 65, Seoul, South Korea. [Klein, Terry A.] Force Hlth Protect & Prevent Med, Med Brigade USAMEDDAC Korea 65, Unit 15281, Seoul, South Korea. [Ramey, Andrew M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kyung, Soon-Goo] Korea Racing Author, Gwacheon, South Korea. [Yeh, Jung-Yong] Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, Inchon, South Korea. RP Yeh, JY (reprint author), Anim Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspect Agcy, Foreign Anim Dis Div, Anyang Si, South Korea. EM malvab2848@gmail.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Cho, Yun Sang/0000-0003-1346-7067; Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400 FU Korea National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) [N-AD13-2011-13-01]; Korean Horse Racing Authority, Seoul, ROK; Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS), Silver Spring, MD; National Center for Medical Intelligence FX This work was supported by Korea National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) grant N-AD13-2011-13-01. This work was also supported through a joint partnership between the Korean Horse Racing Authority, Seoul, ROK; the Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS), Silver Spring, MD; and the National Center for Medical Intelligence. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55165 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055165 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 086NH UT WOS:000314691100036 PM 23390520 ER PT J AU Richardson, L Loomis, JB Champ, PA AF Richardson, Leslie Loomis, John B. Champ, Patricia A. TI Valuing Morbidity from Wildfire Smoke Exposure: A Comparison of Revealed and Stated Preference Techniques SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEYS; SIMULATED LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; REDUCED MORBIDITY; AIR-POLLUTION; HEALTH; BENEFITS; COST; CALIFORNIA AB Estimating the economic benefits of reduced health damages due to improvements in environmental quality continues to challenge economists. We review welfare measures associated with reduced wildfire smoke exposure, and a unique dataset from California's Station Fire of 2009 allows for a comparison of cost of illness (COI) estimates with willingness to pay (WTP) measures. The WTP for one less symptom day is estimated to be $87 and $95, using the defensive behavior and contingent valuation methods, respectively. These WTP estimates are not statistically different but do differ from a $3 traditional daily COI estimate and $17 comprehensive daily COI estimate. C1 [Richardson, Leslie] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Loomis, John B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Champ, Patricia A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Richardson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0023-7639 EI 1543-8325 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 76 EP 100 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 245QM UT WOS:000326478900005 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, DD Iwanowicz, LR Howerth, EW Schill, WB Blazer, VS Johnson, RL AF Iwanowicz, D. D. Iwanowicz, L. R. Howerth, E. W. Schill, W. B. Blazer, V. S. Johnson, R. L. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW MYXOZOAN SPECIES (MYXOZOA: MYXOBOLIDAE: MYXOSPOREA) IN LARGESCALE STONEROLLERS (CAMPOSTOMA OLIGOLEPIS) FROM THE MOBILE RIVER BASIN (ALABAMA) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; WHIRLING DISEASE; LIFE-CYCLE; N-SP; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; PSEUDODISPAR GORBUNOVA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SALMONID FISHES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SPP. AB Myxobolus stanlii sp. n. was described from largescale stonerollers (Campostoma oligolepis) from the Mobile River Basin in Alabama. The parasite was described using critical identifying morphological features, and the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence. The spore body was ovoid, 10.03 +/- 0.7 (7.5-11.0) mu m long and 8.8 +/- 1.5 (6.3-11.3) mu m wide in frontal view. Spore thickness was 6.3 +/- 2.7 (6.2-8.6) mu m in sutural view. Polar capsules were pyriform, of equal size, and oriented in plane with the sutural ridge. Polar capsules were 2.45 +/- 1.5 (range 2.1-4.3) mu m in width and 4.6 +/- 2.7 (range 4.5-6.9) mu m in length. Based on the SSU rRNA gene sequence of Myxobolus stanlii sp. n. is most closely related to M. pseudodispar. C1 [Iwanowicz, D. D.; Iwanowicz, L. R.; Howerth, E. W.; Schill, W. B.; Blazer, V. S.; Johnson, R. L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Iwanowicz, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM diwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 99 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1645/GE-2890.1 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 192XC UT WOS:000322520000019 PM 22920147 ER PT J AU Jalilov, SM Amer, SA Ward, FA AF Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo Amer, Saud A. Ward, Frank A. TI Reducing conflict in development and allocation of transboundary rivers SO EURASIAN GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE water scarcity; conflict resolution; basin management; Amu Darya; Central Asia ID ARAL SEA REGION; SHARED RIVERS; WATER MANAGEMENT; MEKONG BASIN; SUSTAINABILITY; RESOURCES; SECURITY; MODEL AB This article explores opportunities for water scarcity to motivate neighboring nations in transboundary basins to cooperate in the development and allocation of water. Climate change raises the importance of discovering foundations for this cooperation. We examine the development of infrastructure and allocation of water in the controversial Amu Darya Basin. An analysis is presented that characterizes politically constrained and economically optimized water-use patterns in the basin. Using information on the basin's energy potential, water supplies, land area, crop water requirements, and crop economics, we analyze total basin-wide economic welfare over a 20 year period. Results show that the development and operation of the planned Rogun Dam has the potential to secure agricultural benefits downstream for Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, while supplying some winter power upstream in Tajikistan in normal water conditions. Results show that the ongoing conflict in the Amu Darya Basin over water infrastructure and allocation has the potential to be resolved in a way to secure economic gains for all four nations. However, patient and difficult political negotiations will be required to achieve the gains indicated. C1 [Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo; Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fward@nmsu.edu NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1538-7216 J9 EURASIAN GEOGR ECON JI Eurasian Geogr. Econ. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 78 EP 109 DI 10.1080/15387216.2013.788873 PG 32 WC Area Studies; Geography SC Area Studies; Geography GA 186CC UT WOS:000322018200006 ER PT J AU Nagorsen-Rinke, S Lee, J Calvert, A AF Nagorsen-Rinke, Sarah Lee, Jeffrey Calvert, Andrew TI Pliocene sinistral slip across the Adobe Hills, eastern California-western Nevada: Kinematics of fault slip transfer across the Mina deflection SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTHERN WALKER LANE; SHEAR ZONE; STRIKE-SLIP; WHITE-MOUNTAINS; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; BATHOLITHIC ROOT; RANGE PROVINCE AB The Adobe Hills region (California and Nevada, USA) is a faulted volcanic field located within the western Mina deflection, a right-stepping zone of faults that connects the northern Eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) to the south with the Walker Lane belt (WLB) to the north. New detailed geologic mapping, structural studies, and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology in the Adobe Hills allow us to calculate fault slip rates and test predictions for the kinematics of fault slip transfer into the Mina deflection. The Adobe Hills are dominated by Pliocene tuffaceous sandstone, basaltic lavas that yield Ar-40/Ar-39 ages between 3.13 +/- 0.02 and 3.43 +/- 0.01 Ma, and basaltic cinder cones. These Pliocene units unconformably overlie Middle Miocene latite ignimbrite that yields an Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 11.17 +/- 0.04 Ma, and Quaternary tuffaceous sands, alluvium, and lacustrine deposits cap the sequence. Northwest-striking normal faults, west-northwest-striking dextral faults, and northeast-striking sinistral faults cut all units; the northeast-striking sinistral faults are the youngest and most well developed fault set. We calculate similar to 0.1 mm/yr of approximately east-west horizontal extension and northwest dextral shear since the Pliocene. The prominent northeast-striking sinistral faults offset basalt ridgelines, normal fault-hanging-wall intersections, a channelized basalt flow, a basalt flow edge, and a basalt flow contact a net minimum of 921 +/- 184 to 1318 +/- 264 m across the Adobe Hills. These measured sinistral offsets yield a minimum Pliocene sinistral fault slip rate of 0.2-0.5 mm/yr; our preferred minimum slip rate is 0.4-0.5 mm/yr. The geometry and orientation of the prominent sinistral faults are consistent with simple shear/couple clockwise block rotation within a broad dextral shear zone. Vertical axis block rotation data are needed to test this interpretation. We propose that a set of faults subparallel to Sierra Nevada-North America motion and associated releasing steps, located west of the White Mountains fault zone and east of the Long Valley Caldera,transfer a portion of dextral Owens Valley fault slip northwestward onto the sinistral faults in the Adobe Hills. Dextral slip distributed across faults between the White Mountains fault zone and the Sierra Nevada and east of the Fish Lake Valley fault zone may account for the apparent discrepancy between summed long-term geologic slip rates and present-day geodetic rates across the northern ECSZ. Fault slip in the Adobe Hills is part of a regional pattern of initiation and renewal of dextral, sinistral, and normal fault slip during the Pliocene that extends from lat similar to 40 degrees N to similar to 36 degrees N within the ECSZ-WLB and along the western margin of the Basin and Range Province. This regional deformation episode may be related to changes in gravitational potential energy. C1 [Nagorsen-Rinke, Sarah; Lee, Jeffrey] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Calvert, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nagorsen-Rinke, S (reprint author), Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold, POB 586, Bagdad, AZ 86321 USA. OI Nagorsen, Sarah/0000-0001-5901-0279 FU U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Award [08HQG0055]; Central Washington University Seed Grant; University of California White Mountain Research Station Graduate Student Mini-grant Program; Central Washington University Graduate Studies and Research; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant FX We thank Seth Pemble and Josh Stodola for their assistance and enthusiasm in the field, and Chris Henry for discussions about the field relations in the Adobe Hills. This research was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Award (08HQG0055) and a Central Washington University Seed Grant to Lee. Nagorsen-Rinke received additional funding from the University of California White Mountain Research Station Graduate Student Mini-grant Program, Central Washington University Graduate Studies and Research, and a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant. Thoughtful and constructive reviews from N. Niemi and J. Wakabayashi resulted in an improved manuscript. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1130/GES00825.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 168IU UT WOS:000320699900003 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Foxgrover, AC Elias, EPL Erikson, LH Hein, JR McGann, M Mizell, K Rosenbauer, RJ Swarzenski, PW Takesue, RK Wong, FL Woodrow, DL AF Barnard, Patrick L. Foxgrover, Amy C. Elias, Edwin P. L. Erikson, Li H. Hein, James R. McGann, Mary Mizell, Kira Rosenbauer, Robert J. Swarzenski, Peter W. Takesue, Renee K. Wong, Florence L. Woodrow, Donald L. TI Integration of bed characteristics, geochemical tracers, current measurements, and numerical modeling for assessing the provenance of beach sand in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE provenance; bedforms; sediment transport; isotopes; foraminifera; heavy minerals; rare earth elements; numerical modeling ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; SEA-LEVEL; ENVIRONMENTAL MAGNETISM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; INTERTIDAL MUDFLAT; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; HEAVY MINERALS; ESTUARINE AB Over 150 million m(3) of sand-sized sediment has disappeared from the central region of the San Francisco Bay Coastal System during the last half century. This enormous loss may reflect numerous anthropogenic influences, such as watershed damming, bay-fill development, aggregate mining, and dredging. The reduction in Bay sediment also appears to be linked to a reduction in sediment supply and recent widespread erosion of adjacent beaches, wetlands, and submarine environments. A unique, multi-faceted provenance study was performed to definitively establish the primary sources, sinks, and transport pathways of beach-sized sand in the region, thereby identifying the activities and processes that directly limit supply to the outer coast. This integrative program is based on comprehensive surficial sediment sampling of the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, including the seabed, Bay floor, area beaches, adjacent rock units, and major drainages. Analyses of sample morphometrics and biological composition (e.g., Foraminifera) were then integrated with a suite of tracers including Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144 isotopes, rare earth elements, semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogy, and heavy minerals, and with process-based numerical modeling, in situ current measurements, and bedform asymmetry to robustly determine the provenance of beach-sized sand in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Foxgrover, Amy C.; Elias, Edwin P. L.; Erikson, Li H.; Hein, James R.; McGann, Mary; Mizell, Kira; Rosenbauer, Robert J.; Swarzenski, Peter W.; Takesue, Renee K.; Wong, Florence L.; Woodrow, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Elias, Edwin P. L.] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov FU United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District; United States Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District; California Sediment Management Workgroup; United States Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This research was supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco and Los Angeles Districts, the California Sediment Management Workgroup, and the United States Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Thanks to Scott Wright (USGS Water Resources Division), the San Francisco Estuary Institute, and Applied Marine Sciences, Inc., for collecting samples used in this research. Many thanks to the crew of the R/V Snavely, Pete Dal Ferro, Jackson Currie, Jamie Grover, Tim Elfers, Jenny White, and Greg Gable (all of the USGS), and to the numerous folks that assisted with sample collection including: Dan Hoover, Jeff Hansen, Kira Runtzel, Julia Klofas, and Leticia Diaz (all of USGS), Isaac Jones (San Francisco State University), and Brenda Goeden, Carolynn Box, Pascale Soumoy, and Jenny Quay (all of BCDC). Thanks to Josh Logan (USGS) for automating the averaging of directional transport data. Sample preparation and processing were performed by Angela Lam and Tracey Conrad at USGS. NR 147 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 336 BP 120 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.11.008 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 151VH UT WOS:000319488000009 ER PT J AU Small-Lorenz, SL Culp, LA Ryder, TB Will, TC Marra, PP AF Small-Lorenz, Stacy L. Culp, Leah A. Ryder, T. Brandt Will, Tom C. Marra, Peter P. TI A blind spot in climate change vulnerability assessments SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Small-Lorenz, Stacy L.] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Culp, Leah A.; Ryder, T. Brandt; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Will, Tom C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Small-Lorenz, SL (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave NW,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM ssmall@edf.org NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 3 IS 2 BP 91 EP 93 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NK UT WOS:000319397500003 ER PT J AU Middleton, BA AF Middleton, Beth A. TI Rediscovering traditional vegetation management in preserves: Trading experiences between cultures and continents SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Cattle/bison grazing; Fire management; Farm abandonment; Landscape biodiversity; Land use change; Natural disturbance; Protected area management ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; HUMAN-MODIFIED LANDSCAPES; CENTRAL ARNHEM-LAND; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; NATIONAL-PARK; GRAZING MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAIN-FORESTS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AB Land managers are grappling with massive changes in vegetation structure, particularly in protected areas formerly subjected to fire and grazing. The objective of this review was to compare notes on the historical and current management of ecosystems around the world (especially in wet to dry grasslands in the Americas, Australia, Africa, Europe and Asia) with respect to the usage of fire, grazing and cutting to reduce dominance and support the biodiversity of rare species. This review suggests that former disturbances, which are now often lost, may have once kept tall vegetation from pushing out rarer subdominant species. In cases where prehistoric biodiversity depended on fire or large ungulate grazing, traditional agricultural and indigenous practices may have carried biodiversity forward to historical times by mimicking pre-cultural disturbances (e.g., lightning fire and bison grazing). Ironically, biodiversity related to species richness, landscape heterogeneity and function may decline in preserves, especially if traditional management once maintained this biodiversity. Managers can benefit from a cross-continental comparison of the full arsenal of management techniques used to control encroaching vegetation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 159 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 158 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.003 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000318128300029 ER PT J AU Longcore, T Rich, C Mineau, P MacDonald, B Bert, DG Sullivan, LM Mutrie, E Gauthreaux, SA Avery, ML Crawford, RL Manville, AM Travis, ER Drake, D AF Longcore, Travis Rich, Catherine Mineau, Pierre MacDonald, Beau Bert, Daniel G. Sullivan, Lauren M. Mutrie, Erin Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. Avery, Michael L. Crawford, Robert L. Manville, Albert M., II Travis, Emilie R. Drake, David TI Avian mortality at communication towers in the United States and Canada: which species, how many, and where? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Communication towers; Mortality; Night lighting; Neotropical migrants; Collisions; Impact assessment ID POPULATION DECLINES; NOCTURNAL MIGRANTS; TELEVISION TOWER; TV TOWER; BIRDS; MIGRATION; COLLISIONS; ILLINOIS; LIGHTS; POWER AB Birds migrating to and from breeding grounds in the United States and Canada are killed by the millions in collisions with lighted towers and their guy wires. Avian mortality at towers is highly variable across species, and the importance to each population depends on its size and trajectory. Building on our previous estimate of avian mortality at communication towers, we calculated mortality by species and by regions. To do this, we constructed a database of mortality by species at towers from available records and calculated the mean proportion of each species killed at towers within aggregated Bird Conservation Regions. These proportions were combined with mortality estimates that we previously calculated for those regions. We then compared our estimated bird mortality rates to the estimated populations of these species in the United States and Canada. Neotropical migrants suffer the greatest mortality; 97.4% of birds killed are passerines, mostly warblers (Parulidae, 58.4%), vireos (Vireonidae, 13.4%), thrushes (Turdidae, 7.7%), and sparrows (Emberizidae, 5.8%). Thirteen birds of conservation concern in the United States or Canada suffer annual mortality of 1-9% of their estimated total population. Of these, estimated annual mortality is >2% for Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). Avian mortality from anthropogenic sources is almost always reported in the aggregate ("number of birds killed"), which cannot detect the species-level effects necessary to make conservation assessments. Our approach to per species estimates could be undertaken for other sources of chronic anthropogenic mortality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Longcore, Travis; Rich, Catherine; MacDonald, Beau] Urban Wildlands Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Longcore, Travis] Univ So Calif, Spatial Sci Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Mineau, Pierre; Mutrie, Erin] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Bert, Daniel G.] Carleton Univ, Geomat & Landscape Ecol Res Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Sullivan, Lauren M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Manville, Albert M., II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Travis, Emilie R.; Drake, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Longcore, T (reprint author), Urban Wildlands Grp, POB 24020, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM longcore@urbanwildlands.org; crich@urbanwildlands.org; Pierre.Mineau@ec.gc.ca; beaumacdonald@sbcglobal.net; dan.bert@glel.carleton.ca; laurenmsullivan@gmail.com; er339081@dal.ca; gocajuns@bellsouth.net; Michael.LAvery@aphis.usda.gov; rlcrawfd@rose.net; Albert_Manville@fws.gov; uvem05@gmail.com; ddrake2@wisc.edu RI Longcore, Travis/A-4978-2008 OI Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613 FU Environment Canada; American Bird Conservancy; Defenders of Wildlife FX The authors acknowledge the outstanding contribution of Herbert L. Stoddard and Tall Timbers Research Station in executing the long-term study of avian mortality at the WCTV tower, for which we had access to the data. Environment Canada, American Bird Conservancy, and Defenders of Wildlife provided financial support for the early stages of this research. The authors thank Gerald Winegrad, Caroline Kennedy, Joelle Gehring, and Eugene A. Young for productive discussions about this research and access to unpublished reports. NR 140 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 9 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 158 BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.019 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000318128300045 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI To the editor: Reply Confuses Newsprint with Media SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 158 BP 421 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.11.006 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000318128300047 ER PT J AU Foster, J Kealy, J Cherubini, T Businger, S Lu, Z Murphy, M AF Foster, James Kealy, John Cherubini, Tiziana Businger, Steven Lu, Zhong Murphy, Michael TI The utility of atmospheric analyses for the mitigation of artifacts in InSAR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; WATER-VAPOR; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; LOCAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENT FIELD; LOS-ANGELES; MOUNT-ETNA; MODEL AB The numerical weather models (NWMs) developed by the meteorological community are able to provide accurate analyses of the current state of the atmosphere in addition to the predictions of the future state. To date, most attempts to apply the NWMs to estimate the refractivity of the atmosphere at the time of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisitions have relied on predictive models. We test the hypothesis that performing a final assimilative routine, ingesting all available meteorological observations for the times of SAR acquisitions, and generating customized analyses of the atmosphere at those times will better mitigate atmospheric artifacts in differential interferograms. We find that, for our study area around Mount St. Helens (Amboy, Washington, USA), this approach is unable to model the refractive changes and provides no mean benefit for interferogram analysis. The performance is improved slightly by ingesting atmospheric delay estimates derived from the limited local GPS network; however, the addition of water vapor products from the GOES satellites reduces the quality of the corrections. We interpret our results to indicate that, even with this advanced approach, NWMs are not a reliable mitigation technique for regions such as Mount St. Helens with highly variable moisture fields and complex topography and atmospheric dynamics. It is possible, however, that the addition of more spatially dense meteorological data to constrain the analyses might significantly improve the performance of weather modeling of atmospheric artifacts in satellite radar interferograms. Citation: Foster, J., J. Kealy, T. Cherubini, S. Businger, Z. Lu, and M. Murphy (2013), The utility of atmospheric analyses for the mitigation of artifacts in InSAR, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 748-758, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50093. C1 [Foster, James; Kealy, John; Cherubini, Tiziana; Businger, Steven] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Murphy, Michael] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Foster, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jfoster@soest.hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [0746394, EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0746394 and used data provided by the Plate Boundary Observatory operated by UNAVCO for EarthScope (www.earthscope.org) and supported by the National Science Foundation (No. EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). Reviews by G. Wadge, M. Poland, S. Jonsson, and an anonymous reviewer improved the article. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 748 EP 758 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50093 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129PE UT WOS:000317852900021 ER PT J AU Irwin, RP Tanaka, KL Robbins, SJ AF Irwin, Rossman P., III Tanaka, Kenneth L. Robbins, Stuart J. TI Distribution of Early, Middle, and Late Noachian cratered surfaces in the Martian highlands: Implications for resurfacing events and processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATERS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; SINUS SABAEUS; MARS; EVOLUTION; DEGRADATION; HISTORY; ORIGIN; CONSTRAINTS; CHRONOLOGY AB Most of the geomorphic changes on Mars occurred during the Noachian Period, when the rates of impact crater degradation and valley network incision were highest. Fluvial erosion around the Noachian/Hesperian transition is better constrained than the longer-term landscape evolution throughout the Noachian Period, when the highland intercrater geomorphic surfaces developed. We interpret highland resurfacing events and processes using a new global geologic map of Mars (at 1: 20,000,000 scale), a crater data set that is complete down to 1 km in diameter, and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter topography. The Early Noachian highland (eNh) unit is nearly saturated with craters of 32-128 km diameter, the Middle Noachian highland (mNh) unit has a resurfacing age of similar to 4 Ga, and the Late Noachian highland unit (lNh) includes younger composite surfaces of basin fill and partially buried cratered terrain. These units have statistically distinct ages, and their distribution varies with elevation. The eNh unit is concentrated in the high-standing Hellas basin annulus and in highland terrain that was thinly mantled by basin ejecta near 180 degrees longitude. The mNh unit includes most of Arabia Terra, the Argyre vicinity, highland plateau areas between eNh outcrops, and the Thaumasia range. The lNh unit mostly occurs within highland basins. Crater depth/diameter ratios do not vary strongly between the eNh and mNh units, although crater losses to Noachian resurfacing appear greater in lower lying areas. Noachian resurfacing was spatially non-uniform, long-lived, and gravity-driven, more consistent with arid-zone fluvial and aeolian erosion and volcanism than with air fall mantling or mass wasting. Citation: Irwin, R. P., III, K. L. Tanaka, and S. J. Robbins (2013), Distribution of Early, Middle, and Late Noachian cratered surfaces in the Martian highlands: Implications for resurfacing events and processes, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 278-291, doi:10.1002/jgre.20053. C1 [Irwin, Rossman P., III] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Robbins, Stuart J.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Irwin, RP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,6th St & Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM irwinr@si.edu FU NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program [NNH10AN97I]; U.S. Geological Survey; Mars Data Analysis Program; Planetary Science Institute [NNX10AE64G] FX This study was funded by grants from the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program (NNH10AN97I, U.S. Geological Survey, K. L. Tanaka, Principal Investigator) and Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX10AE64G, Planetary Science Institute, R. P. Irwin III, Principal Investigator). We are grateful to Nadine Barlow and Caleb Fassett for their detailed reviews. We also thank Colin Dundas, Alan Howard, and Bob Craddock for helpful discussions on technical details of the paper. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1002/jgre.20053 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129MQ UT WOS:000317845100008 ER PT J AU Martinez, PJ Kolz, AL AF Martinez, Patrick J. Kolz, A. Lawrence TI Performance of Four Boat Electrofishers with Measured Electrode Resistances for Electrofishing Boats and Rafts SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID POWER REQUIREMENTS; CONDUCTIVITY; FISHES; OUTPUT; GPP; EQUIPMENT; MORTALITY; FIELDS; TROUT; MODEL AB A misconception in the description of boat electrofishers has resulted from specifying their operational capabilities over ranges of water conductivity without any reference to the electrode configuration with which they will be used. Water conductivity alone is not the valid or most informative electrical variable for defining the operational characteristics of a boat electrofisher and its power supply, but its persistent usage has displaced the correct terminology: electrode resistance measured in ohms. Consequently, inherent design limitations and actual operating characteristics for specific boat electrofishers and their power sources as dictated by electrode resistance have remained undefined. Recognizing this dilemma, total electrode resistance (anodes plus cathodes) was measured for two electrode configurations, metal-hulled boats and inflatable whitewater rafts. Knowing the electrode resistances for these two electrofishing crafts (conductive versus nonconductive hulls) facilitated complete systems' analyses, provided an analytical understanding of equipment settings, and identified the power capabilities for four boat electrofishers manufactured in the USA. In accordance with the equivalent electrode resistances of these two craft types, electrical load measurements were performed for four boat electrofishers (Smith-Root VVP 15B and GPP 5.0, the ETS Electrofishing MBS 1D-72A, and the Midwest Lake Electrofishing Systems MLES Infinity) to examine their pulsed-DC operational capacities over a range of simulated water conductivities. Graphical plots for each craft type provide an approximation of the range of water conductivity over which each boat electrofisher would be expected to sustain a power level that meets or exceeds power goals for successful electrofishing. This information should improve the understanding of the role of electrode resistance in dictating power demand from boat electrofishers. It should also aid in the selection of a boat electrofisher based on its capacity to sustain standardized power levels in the electrofishing craft in which they will be used and over the range of water conductivities encountered. Received June 14, 2012; accepted October 3, 2012 C1 [Martinez, Patrick J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RP Martinez, PJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 764 Horizon Dr, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. EM patrick_martinez@fws.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX This work would not have been possible without the equipment, assistance, and cooperation provided by Anita Martinez, Lori Martin, and Estevan Vigil of the Colorado Parks and Wildlife and Bob Burdick and Michael Gross at the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Grand Junction, Colorado. We thank Angela Kantola of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation for their financial support. Burke O'Neal (ETS Electrofishing, LLC) and Tom Lehman (Midwest Lake Management, Inc.) graciously provided loans for the boat electrofishers used in our evaluation. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the federal government. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.739985 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400005 ER PT J AU Hutt, CP Hunt, KM Steffen, SF Grado, SC Miranda, LE AF Hutt, Clifford P. Hunt, Kevin M. Steffen, Susan F. Grado, Stephen C. Miranda, L. E. TI Economic Values and Regional Economic Impacts of Recreational Fisheries in Mississippi Reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BASS FISHERY; MAIL SURVEY; LAKE AB This study estimated the economic benefit of recreational fisheries on two trophy crappie Pomoxis spp. fisheries in Mississippi. We accomplished this by estimating economic impacts of angler expenditures and angler willingness-to-pay for fishing trips above current expenditures. Anglers spent 91,811 activity days on Sardis Reservoir in 2006 and 46,036 on Grenada Reservoir in 2007. The total economic impacts to the state were estimated at US$5.83 million on Sardis Reservoir and $2.15 million on Grenada Reservoir, supporting 75 and 51 full- and part-time jobs, respectively. Total consumer surplus was $5.57 million and $4.46 million on Sardis and Grenada reservoirs, respectively. Last, we used a model that predicted the effect of average spring water levels on total angling effort to estimate resulting changes in economic benefits. Spring angling effort and associated economic benefits peaked at intermediate water levels and declined at both low and high water levels. Future changes in precipitation patterns in the southeastern United States may require altering reservoir guide curves to maximize economic benefits associated with reservoir fisheries. Received June 25, 2012; accepted October 3, 2012 C1 [Hutt, Clifford P.; Hunt, Kevin M.; Steffen, Susan F.] Mississippi State Univ, Human Dimens & Conservat Law Enforcement Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Grado, Stephen C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Human Dimens & Conservat Law Enforcement Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hutt, CP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Human Dimens & Conservat Law Enforcement Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cliffordhutt@gmail.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Assistance in Sport Fish Restoration Mississippi through MDWFP [F-138] FX We appreciate the funding support provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Assistance in Sport Fish Restoration Mississippi Grant Number F-138 through the MDWFP. We appreciate the contributions of MDWFP biologists K. Meals and A. Dunn. Also, we thank the students and technicians in the Human Dimensions and Conservation Law Enforcement Laboratory at MSU who worked on this research. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve to this manuscript. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.739986 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400006 ER PT J AU Goclowski, MR Kaeser, AJ Sammons, SM AF Goclowski, Matthew R. Kaeser, Adam J. Sammons, Steven M. TI Movement and Habitat Differentiation among Adult Shoal Bass, Largemouth Bass, and Spotted Bass in the Upper Flint River, Georgia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; WOODY DEBRIS; FRESH-WATER; ALABAMA; FISH; HYBRIDIZATION; STREAMS; RESERVOIRS; PUNCTULATUS; COMPETITION AB The Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae is a fluvial specialist endemic to the Apalachicola River drainage in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia that has experienced declines throughout much of its range. The Flint River, Georgia, represents the largest remaining intact ecosystem for Shoal Bass in their native range. Spotted Bass M. punctulatus have recently been introduced into this system, causing concern about the potential negative impacts the species may have on the native populations of Shoal Bass and Largemouth Bass M. salmoides. To assess the symmetry and strength of competition and gain the greatest perspective on the interrelationships among these sympatric, congeneric species, we compared the movement patterns and habitat use of all three species of black bass present in this system. Fifteen Shoal Bass, 10 Largemouth Bass, and 6 Spotted Bass were implanted with radio transmitters in the Flint River and tracked for a period of 1 year (2008). Daily and hourly movements did not vary among species or season, though individuals of each species were observed moving >5km to shoal complexes during spring. Habitat overlap varied between species during the study; overlap was highest between Spotted Bass and Largemouth Bass, intermediate between Spotted Bass and Shoal Bass, and lowest between Shoal Bass and Largemouth Bass. Shoal Bass tended to select coarse rocky habitat, while Largemouth Bass tended to select depositional habitat. Spotted Bass exhibited the widest niche breadth and generally used habitat in proportion to its availability. Use of similar habitats by these three species during the spring spawning period highlights the potential risk of genetic introgression of the two native species by introduced Spotted Bass. Physical barriers that restrict access to habitat during long-distance seasonal movements, as observed for several Shoal Bass in this study, may negatively impact populations of this species. Received March 31, 2012; accepted October 12, 2012 C1 [Goclowski, Matthew R.; Sammons, Steven M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kaeser, Adam J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Goclowski, MR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM matthew.goclowski@gmail.com FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Ryan Hunter, Jonathan Brown, Tyler Thomas, and Benjamin Hutto provided field assistance. Laurie Earley provided GIS expertise to create Figure 1. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.741555 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400007 ER PT J AU Worthington, TA Brewer, SK Grabowski, TB Mueller, J AF Worthington, Thomas A. Brewer, Shannon K. Grabowski, Timothy B. Mueller, Julia TI Sampling Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC FISH EGGS; GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW; MEDLEY ET-AL.; GREAT-PLAINS; PECOS RIVER; NEW-MEXICO; SIMULATED TRANSPORT; IRRIGATION RELEASE; CANADIAN RIVER; NORTH-SEA AB Quantitative studies focusing on the collection of semibuoyant fish eggs, which are associated with a pelagic broadcast-spawning reproductive strategy, are often conducted to evaluate reproductive success. Many of the fishes in this reproductive guild have suffered significant reductions in range and abundance. However, the efficiency of the sampling gear used to evaluate reproduction is often unknown and renders interpretation of the data from these studies difficult. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of a modified Moore egg collector (MEC) using field and laboratory trials. Gear efficiency was assessed by releasing a known quantity of gellan beads with a specific gravity similar to that of eggs from representatives of this reproductive guild (e.g., the Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi) into an outdoor flume and recording recaptures. We also used field trials to determine how discharge and release location influenced gear efficiency given current methodological approaches. The flume trials indicated that gear efficiency ranged between 0.0% and 9.5% (n = 57) in a simple 1.83-m-wide channel and was positively related to discharge. Efficiency in the field trials was lower, ranging between 0.0% and 3.6%, and was negatively related to bead release distance from the MEC and discharge. The flume trials indicated that the gellan beads were not distributed uniformly across the channel, although aggregation was reduced at higher discharges. This clustering of passively drifting particles should be considered when selecting placement sites for an MEC; further, the use of multiple devices may be warranted in channels with multiple areas of concentrated flow. Received August 8, 2012; accepted October 12, 2012 C1 [Worthington, Thomas A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brewer, Shannon K.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Mueller, Julia] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 007 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu RI Worthington, Thomas/N-5121-2015 OI Worthington, Thomas/0000-0002-8138-9075 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agreement) [F11AP00112] FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating) with collaboration by the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife, Texas Tech University, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service agreement F11AP00112). The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank B. Brewer, S. Maichak, and J. Powers for field assistance; G. Fox and S. Lovern for technical support and equipment; G. Hanson, S. Hunt, K. Kadavy, T. Selvey, and B. Sappington of the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit and K. Graves and the staff of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for logistical support; C. Jennings for providing gellan beads; and S. Platania and associates for technical and logistical assistance. This manuscript was improved by comments from P. Bettoli and three anonymous reviewers. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.741557 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400009 ER PT J AU Buktenica, MW Hering, DK Girdner, SF Mahoney, BD Rosenlund, BD AF Buktenica, Mark W. Hering, David K. Girdner, Scott F. Mahoney, Brian D. Rosenlund, Bruce D. TI Eradication of Nonnative Brook Trout with Electrofishing and Antimycin-A and the Response of a Remnant Bull Trout Population SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; UPSTREAM MOVEMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER SYSTEM; TRADE-OFFS; HABITAT; STREAMS; INVASION AB A remnant population of native Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus was threatened with extirpation by competition and hybridization with introduced Brook Trout S. fontinalis in Sun Creek, a second-order headwater stream in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Between 1992 and 2005, artificial barriers were installed to exclude nonnative fish, and multiple applications of electrofishing and the piscicide antimycin-A were used to remove Brook Trout from 14.6km of stream. Several novel methods were employed, including diver-directed and trap-net electrofishing and the use of a portable raceway to hold Bull Trout during piscicide treatments. Electrofishing likely eradicated Brook Trout from a small headwater section of the stream but required more effort (54 person-days/km) than antimycin treatments (17 person-days/km) in the same reach to ensure eradication. For eradication of Brook Trout from larger downstream reaches, antimycin treatments applied in consecutive years were more successful than multiple treatments applied within a single year. Brook Trout have not been detected by annual surveys in the project area since 2005. The total effort expended to eradicate Brook Trout from 14.6km of stream was approximately 138 person-days/km. Between 1989 and 2010, Bull Trout abundance increased approximately tenfold, and distribution increased from approximately 1.9km to 11.2km. These results exemplify the response of an imperiled Bull Trout population after removal of Brook Trout. The large investment of time and resources required to restore small populations like this one may be warranted only for critical population segments with special status or local management importance. Received November 10, 2011; accepted October 31, 2012 C1 [Buktenica, Mark W.; Hering, David K.; Girdner, Scott F.] Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake Natl Pk, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. [Mahoney, Brian D.] Walla Walla Community Coll, Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Water & Environm Ctr, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Rosenlund, Bruce D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado Fish & Wildlife Management Assistance Of, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Buktenica, MW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake Natl Pk, POB 7, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. EM mark_buktenica@nps.gov FU National Park Service; National Park Foundation; Crater Lake Natural History Association; USFWS Klamath Basin Ecosystem Restoration Office FX Special thanks are due to Edwin (Phil) Pister, chair of the Crater Lake Bull Trout Advisory Panel, and to panel members Fred Allendorf, Norm Anderson, Tom Felando (deceased), Doug Markle, and Steve Moore. Gary Larson (U.S. Geological Survey, emeritus) provided invaluable advice and participation throughout the project. Credit for program success rests on the collective commitment and dedication of Crater Lake National Park field crews for 19 years-too many crew members to acknowledge by name. Park managers and biologists Scott Stonum, Ken Stahlnecker, Mac Brock, and Craig Ackerman championed the program over the years. Funding was provided by the National Park Service, the National Park Foundation in partnership with Target Stores, the Crater Lake Natural History Association, and the USFWS Klamath Basin Ecosystem Restoration Office. Philip Howell, Kevin Meyer, Seth Wenger, Jason Dunham, Clint Muhlfeld, Carter Kruse, and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.747452 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400013 ER PT J AU Gorsky, D Zydlewski, J AF Gorsky, Dimitry Zydlewski, Joseph TI Experimental Evaluation of Size-Dependent Predation by Adult Post-Spawned Rainbow Smelt on Larval Lake Whitefish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; OSMERUS-MORDAX; GREAT LAKES; SUPERIOR; ONTARIO; SIMCOE; CLUPEAFORMIS; POPULATION; MICHIGAN; FOOD AB Introduced landlocked Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax are hypothesized to be a major factor in the decline of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis populations in many lakes. We sought to identify the size of Lake Whitefish preyed upon by adult Rainbow Smelt and how the efficiency of Rainbow Smelt predation changes Lake Whitefish ontogeny. In a laboratory setting, we exposed larval Lake Whitefish of increasing sizes to groups of seven Rainbow Smelt (>100mm) for a 1-h period and observed predation behaviors and efficiencies. In each trial, the group of Rainbow Smelt consumed at least one larval Lake Whitefish, which were up to 45mm in length (up to 89% of Rainbow Smelt gape width). Predation efficiency, the total number of Lake Whitefish consumed by Rainbow Smelt during trials, was 100% after Lake Whitefish hatching and followed a decreasing sigmoidal response to increasing lengths of Lake Whitefish. The apparent predatory window of Rainbow Smelt on Lake Whitefish is from Lake Whitefish size at hatch (approximate to 12mm) to approximately 34mm. Rainbow Smelt generally required multiple attacks to capture a single Lake Whitefish. The capture efficiencies of Rainbow Smelt decreased from 30% as Lake Whitefish length increased and were highly variable within each Lake Whitefish size-group. The overall impact that Rainbow Smelt predation will have on Lake Whitefish populations is dependent on the growth rate of Lake Whitefish, environmental conditions that cause the Lake Whitefish hatching period to coincide with Rainbow Smelt spawning events, and the degree of overlap in habitat use between spawning Rainbow Smelt, nonspawning subadult Rainbow Smelt, and hatching Lake Whitefish. Received August 29, 2011; accepted November 7, 2012 C1 [Gorsky, Dimitry] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Gorsky, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 1101 Casey Rd, Basom, NY 14013 USA. EM dimitry_gorsky@fws.gov FU Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine FX We thank Peter Bourque and John Boland of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife for their cooperation and financial support for this project. We also thank Dave Basley from the Ashland headquarters of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife and Henry Hartley from the Enfield State Fish Hatchery for their help in egg collection and rearing. We thank Ellen Marsden, Linda Kling, Yong Chen, and Michael Kinnison for reviewing and commenting on the manuscript. Finally, we extend our gratitude to Neil Greenberg, Linda Kling, Jackie Hunter, and all the undergraduate technicians at the University of Maine Aquaculture Research Center for providing laboratory space and help with rearing live food and larval fish. This research was supported by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.750632 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400018 ER PT J AU Panek, FM Densmore, CL AF Panek, Frank M. Densmore, Christine L. TI Frequency and Severity of Trauma in Fishes Subjected to Multiple-Pass Depletion Electrofishing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MORTALITY; INJURY; STREAM; SUNFISH; GROWTH; SALMON AB The incidence and severity of trauma associated with multiple-pass electrofishing and the effects on short-term (30-d) survival and growth of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and five representative co-inhabiting nontarget or bycatch species were examined. Fish were held in four rectangular fiberglass tanks (190 x 66cm) equipped with electrodes, a gravelcobble stream substrate, and continuous water flow. Fish were exposed to one, two, or three electroshocks (100-V, 60-Hz pulsed DC) spaced 1h apart or were held as a control. The heterogeneous field produced a mean (+/- SD) voltage gradient of 0.23 +/- 0.024V/cm (range = 0.200.30V/cm) with a duty cycle of 30% and a 5-s exposure. Radiographs of 355 fish were examined for evidence of spinal injuries, and necropsies were performed on 303 fish to assess hemorrhagic trauma in soft tissue. Using linear regression, we demonstrated significant relationships between the number of electrical shocks and the frequency and severity of hemorrhagic and spinal trauma in each of the nontarget species (Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides). Most of the injuries in these species were either minor or moderate. Rainbow Trout and Brook Trout generally sustained the highest incidence and severity of injuries, but those injuries were generally independent of the number of treatments. The 30-d postshock survival for the trout species was greater than 94%; survival for the bycatch species ranged from 80% (Fathead Minnow) to 100% (Green Sunfish and Channel Catfish). There were no significant differences in 30-d postshock condition factors despite observations of altered feeding behavior lasting several days to 1 week posttreatment in several of the study species. Received June 27, 2012; accepted November 20, 2012 C1 [Panek, Frank M.; Densmore, Christine L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Panek, FM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM fpanek@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.754803 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400020 ER PT J AU Hanson, SD Holey, ME Treska, TJ Bronte, CR Eggebraaten, TH AF Hanson, S. Dale Holey, Mark E. Treska, Ted J. Bronte, Charles R. Eggebraaten, Ted H. TI Evidence of Wild Juvenile Lake Trout Recruitment in Western Lake Michigan SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RESTORATION; ABUNDANCE; REEF AB Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush were extirpated from Lake Michigan by the early 1950s, and as part of an effort to restore naturally reproducing populations, hatchery-reared fish have been stocked since the early 1960s. Stocked fish are marked with a fin clip to differentiate them from wild, lake-produced Lake Trout; marking error for the 20072010 year-classes of Lake Trout stocked by federal hatcheries averaged 3.0%. Egg deposition, emergent fry, and wild juvenile Lake Trout have previously been observed, but no sustained wild recruitment has been measured in assessment surveys or in sport and commercial fishery catches. In 2011 and 2012, we caught juvenile Lake Trout in gill-net and bottom trawl catches that were targeting Bloater Coregonus hoyi in water depths greater than 80m. Unclipped, wild Lake Trout represented 20% of all Lake Trout caught in a southern offshore region of Lake Michigan. In northwestern Lake Michigan wild recruits represented from 10% to 27% of the 20072009 year-classes, and we recovered a small number of wild Lake Trout from the 2010 year-class. This is the first evidence for consecutive year-classes of naturally produced Lake Trout surviving beyond the fry stage in Lake Michigan. Received July 13, 2012; accepted November 26, 2012 C1 [Hanson, S. Dale; Holey, Mark E.; Treska, Ted J.; Bronte, Charles R.; Eggebraaten, Ted H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. RP Hanson, SD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM dale_hanson@fws.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.754804 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400021 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RA Skalski, JR Brandes, PL Fuller, A AF Buchanan, Rebecca A. Skalski, John R. Brandes, Patricia L. Fuller, Andrea TI Route Use and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon through the San Joaquin River Delta SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; MIGRATION; FAILURE AB The survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon through the lower San Joaquin River and SacramentoSan Joaquin River Delta in California was estimated using acoustic tags in the spring of 2009 and 2010. The focus was on route use and survival within two major routes through the Delta: the San Joaquin River, which skirts most of the interior Delta to the east, and the Old River, a distributary of the San Joaquin River leading to federal and state water export facilities that pump water out of the Delta. The estimated probability of using the Old River route was 0.47 in both 2009 and 2010. Survival through the southern (i.e., upstream) portion of the Delta was very low in 2009, estimated at 0.06, and there was no significant difference between the Old River and San Joaquin River routes. Estimated survival through the Southern Delta was considerably higher in 2010 (0.56), being higher in the Old River route than in the San Joaquin route. Total estimated survival through the entire Delta (estimated only in 2010) was low (0.05); again, survival was higher through the Old River. Most fish in the Old River that survived to the end of the Delta had been salvaged from the federal water export facility on the Old River and trucked around the remainder of the Delta. The very low survival estimates reported here are considerably lower than observed salmon survival through comparable reaches of other large West Coast river systems and are unlikely to be sustainable for this salmon population. More research into mortality factors in the Delta and new management actions will be necessary to recover this population. Received March 28, 2012; accepted September 5, 2012 C1 [Buchanan, Rebecca A.; Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Columbia Basin Res, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA 96240 USA. [Fuller, Andrea] FISHBIO Environm LLC, Oakdale, CA 95361 USA. RP Buchanan, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Columbia Basin Res, 1325 4th Ave,Suite 1820, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM rabuchan@u.washington.edu OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU signatories to the San Joaquin River Agreement; San Joaquin River Group Authority FX Many people and groups were involved in designing and implementing the VAMP study. We thank Natural Resource Scientists, Inc., California Department of Fish and Game, California Department of Water Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Stockton office), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Normandeau and Associates (Stevenson, Washington), and the U.S. Geological Survey (Columbia River Research Lab and Sacramento office) for their contributions to the study. We also thank Mark Bowen from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for access to detection data from the nonphysical barrier study at the head of the Old River, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Funding for the VAMP study was provided by the signatories to the San Joaquin River Agreement, and funding for analysis and manuscript preparation was provided by the San Joaquin River Group Authority. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 216 EP 229 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.728178 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400024 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Liu, CX Kent, DB Zachara, JM AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Liu, Chongxuan Kent, Douglas B. Zachara, John M. TI Characterizing particle-scale equilibrium adsorption and kinetics of uranium(VI) desorption from U-contaminated sediments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; LONG-TERM SORPTION; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; SUBSURFACE MEDIA; AQUIFER; MICROPORES AB Rates of U(VI) release from individual dry-sieved size fractions of a field-aggregated, field-contaminated composite sediment from the seasonally saturated lower vadose zone of the Hanford 300-Area were examined in flow-through reactors to maintain quasi-constant chemical conditions. The principal source of variability in equilibrium U(VI) adsorption properties of the various size fractions was the impact of variable chemistry on adsorption. This source of variability was represented using surface complexation models (SCMs) with different stoichiometric coefficients with respect to hydrogen ion and carbonate concentrations for the different size fractions. A reactive transport model incorporating equilibrium expressions for cation exchange and calcite dissolution, along with rate expressions for aerobic respiration and silica dissolution, described the temporal evolution of solute concentrations observed during the flow-through reactor experiments. Kinetic U(VI) desorption was well described using a multirate SCM with an assumed lognormal distribution for the mass-transfer rate coefficients. The estimated mean and standard deviation of the rate coefficients were the same for all <2 mm size fractions but differed for the 2-8 mm size fraction. Micropore volumes, assessed using t-plots to analyze N-2 desorption data, were also the same for all dry-sieved <2 mm size fractions, indicating a link between micropore volumes and mass-transfer rate properties. Pore volumes for dry-sieved size fractions exceeded values for the corresponding wet-sieved fractions. We hypothesize that repeated field wetting and drying cycles lead to the formation of aggregates and/or coatings containing (micro)pore networks which provided an additional mass-transfer resistance over that associated with individual particles. The 2-8 mm fraction exhibited a larger average and standard deviation in the distribution of mass-transfer rate coefficients, possibly caused by the abundance of microporous basaltic rock fragments. C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liu, Chongxuan; Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stoliker, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), through the Hanford Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) project (SBR Program) and by the U.S. Geological Survey through the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAQWA), Toxic Substances Hydrology, and Hydrologic Research programs. We thank Tracie Conrad, Chris Fuller, Laure Gouinaud, James Hein, and Minna Swanson-Theisen for technical and laboratory assistance. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments provided by Gary Curtis, three anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive use only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 1163 EP 1177 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20104 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HA UT WOS:000317828600035 ER PT J AU Malpeli, KC Chirico, PG AF Malpeli, Katherine C. Chirico, Peter G. TI The influence of geomorphology on the role of women at artisanal and small-scale mine sites SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Article DE Artisanal mining; geomorphology; gender roles; Africa ID MINING COMMUNITIES; ALLEVIATING POVERTY; SIERRA-LEONE; CONGO BASIN; GHANA; LIVELIHOODS; AFRICA; PERSPECTIVE; DIAMONDS; PLACER AB The geologic and geomorphic expressions of a mineral deposit determine its location, size, and accessibility, characteristics which in turn greatly influence the success of artisans mining the deposit. Despite this critical information, which can be garnered through studying the surficial physical expression of a deposit, the geologic and geomorphic sciences have been largely overlooked in artisanal mining-related research. This study demonstrates that a correlation exists between the roles of female miners at artisanal diamond and gold mining sites in western and central Africa and the physical expression of the deposits. Typically, women perform ore processing and ancillary roles at mine sites. On occasion, however, women participate in the extraction process itself. Women were found to participate in the extraction of ore only when a deposit had a thin overburden layer, thus rendering the mineralized ore more accessible. When deposits required a significant degree of manual labour to access the ore due to thick overburden layers, women were typically relegated to other roles. The identification of this link encourages the establishment of an alternative research avenue in which the physical and social sciences merge to better inform policymakers, so that the most appropriate artisanal mining assistance programs can be developed and implemented. C1 [Malpeli, Katherine C.; Chirico, Peter G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Malpeli, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM kmalpeli@usgs.gov; pchirico@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD FEB PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1111/1477-8947.12009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 123WT UT WOS:000317423100004 ER PT J AU Ebel, BA AF Ebel, Brian A. TI Wildfire and Aspect Effects on Hydrologic States after the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PORTUGUESE SHRUBLAND; INFILTRATION RATES; DOUGLAS-FIR; FOREST; DISTURBANCE; REPELLENCY; DYNAMICS; CATCHMENT AB Wildfire is one of the most significant disturbances in mountainous landscapes, affecting water supply and ecologic function and setting the stage for natural hazards such as flash floods. The impacts of wildfire can affect the entire hydrologic cycle. Measurements of soilwater content and matric potential in the near surface (top 30 cm) captured the hydrologic state in both burned and unburned hillslopes during the first spring through fall period (1 June-1 Oct. 2011) after the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, CO. This time span included different hydrologic periods characterized by cyclonic frontal storms (low-intensity, long duration), convective storms (high-intensity, short duration), and dry periods. In mountainous environments, aspect can also control hydrologic states, so north- vs. southfacing slopes were compared. Wildfire tended to homogenize soil-water contents across aspects and with depth in the soil, yet it also may have introduced an aspect control on matric potential that was not observed in unburned soils. Post-wildfire changes in hydrologic state were observed in south-facing soils, probably reflecting decreased soil-water retention after wildfire. North-facing soils were impacted the most, in terms of hydrologic state, by the loss of water storage in the combusted litter-duff layer and forest canopy, which had provided a large "hydrologic buffering" capacity when unburned. Unsaturated zone measurements showed increased variability in hydrologic states and more rapid state transitions in wildfire-impacted soils. A simple, qualitative analysis suggested that the range of unsaturated-zone processes along the gravity-capillarity-adsorption continuum was expanded by wildfire for a given soil. The small number of experimental plots in this study suggests that further work is needed before these conclusions can be generalized to other geographic areas. C1 [Ebel, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ebel, Brian A.] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM brian.ebel@colorado.edu OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963 FU Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the USGS; Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area of the USGS FX The presentation of this work benefited from discussions with Brian Andraski, Rick Healy, Eve-Lyn Hinckley, Ben Mirus, Sheila Murphy, David Stonestrorn, and Jeff Writer. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. John Moody and Deborah Martin provided invaluable advice and guidance throughout this research along with helpful comments on this manuscript. Support was received from the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in the National Research Program of the USGS and additional support from the Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area of the USGS. Field assistance from Anna Ahlstrom, Melissa Carnicle, Eve-Lyn Hinckley, Ben Mirus, and Kamini Singha during the summer was appreciated. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0089 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 127QK UT WOS:000317713300030 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Chandler, RB Gazenski, KD Graves, TA AF Royle, J. Andrew Chandler, Richard B. Gazenski, Kimberly D. Graves, Tabitha A. TI Spatial capture-recapture models for jointly estimating population density and landscape connectivity SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal movement; ecological distance; landscape connectivity; least-cost path; resistance surface; spatial capture-recapture ID GENE FLOW; INFERENCE; RESISTANCE; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS; BLACK AB Population size and landscape connectivity are key determinants of population viability, yet no methods exist for simultaneously estimating density and connectivity parameters. Recently developed spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models provide a framework for estimating density of animal populations but thus far have not been used to study connectivity. Rather, all applications of SCR models have used encounter probability models based on the Euclidean distance between traps and animal activity centers, which implies that home ranges are stationary, symmetric, and unaffected by landscape structure. In this paper we devise encounter probability models based on "ecological distance," i.e., the least-cost path between traps and activity centers, which is a function of both Euclidean distance and animal movement behavior in resistant landscapes. We integrate least-cost path models into a likelihood-based estimation scheme for spatial capture-recapture models in order to estimate population density and parameters of the least-cost encounter probability model. Therefore, it is possible to make explicit inferences about animal density, distribution, and landscape connectivity as it relates to animal movement from standard capture-recapture data. Furthermore, a simulation study demonstrated that ignoring landscape connectivity can result in negatively biased density estimators under the naive SCR model. C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Chandler, Richard B.; Gazenski, Kimberly D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Graves, Tabitha A.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117DQ UT WOS:000316932800004 PM 23691647 ER PT J AU Budy, P Thiede, GP Lobon-Cervia, J Fernandez, GG McHugh, P McIntosh, A Vollestad, LA Becares, E Jellyman, P AF Budy, Phaedra Thiede, Gary P. Lobon-Cervia, Javier Gonzalez Fernandez, Gustavo McHugh, Peter McIntosh, Angus Vollestad, Lief Asbjorn Becares, Eloy Jellyman, Phillip TI Limitation and facilitation of one of the world's most invasive fish: an intercontinental comparison SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; brown trout; conservation; diet; distribution; exotic; fish growth; invasion; life history; metabolism; piscivory; Salmo trutta ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; DWELLING BROWN TROUT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GALAXIID FISHES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY AB Purposeful species introductions offer opportunities to inform our understanding of both invasion success and conservation hurdles. We evaluated factors determining the energetic limitations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in both their native and introduced ranges. Our focus was on brown trout because they are nearly globally distributed, considered one of the world's worst invaders, yet imperiled in much of their native habitat. We synthesized and compared data describing temperature regime, diet, growth, and maximum body size across multiple spatial and temporal scales, from country (both exotic and native habitats) and major geographic area (MGA) to rivers and years within MGA. Using these data as inputs, we next used bioenergetic efficiency (BioEff), a relative scalar representing a realized percentage of maximum possible consumption (0-100%) as our primary response variable and a multi-scale, nested, mixed statistical model (GLIMMIX) to evaluate variation among and within spatial scales and as a function of density and elevation. MGA and year (the residual) explained the greatest proportion of variance in BioEff. Temperature varied widely among MGA and was a strong driver of variation in BioEff. We observed surprisingly little variation in the diet of brown trout, except the overwhelming influence of the switch to piscivory observed only in exotic MGA. We observed only a weak signal of density-dependent effects on BioEff; however, BioEff remained <50% at densities >2.5 fish/m(2). The trajectory of BioEff across the life span of the fish elucidated the substantial variation in performance among MGAs; the maximum body size attained by brown trout was consistently below 400 mm in native habitat but reached; 600 mm outside their native range, where brown trout grew rapidly, feeding in part on naive prey fishes. The integrative, physiological approach, in combination with the intercontinental and comparative nature of our study, allowed us to overcome challenges associated with context-dependent variation in determining invasion success. Overall our results indicate "growth plasticity across the life span" was important for facilitating invasion, and should be added to lists of factors characterizing successful invaders. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thiede, Gary P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lobon-Cervia, Javier] CSIC, Natl Museum Nat Sci, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Gonzalez Fernandez, Gustavo] Icthios Environm, Leon 24009, Spain. [McHugh, Peter] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Clackamas, OR 97015 USA. [McIntosh, Angus; Jellyman, Phillip] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Vollestad, Lief Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Becares, Eloy] Univ Leon, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol Genet & Microbiol, E-24071 Leon, Spain. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI McIntosh, Angus/B-2992-2011; Becares, Eloy/H-6361-2015; OI McIntosh, Angus/0000-0003-2696-8813; Becares, Eloy/0000-0002-7123-3579 FU National Science Foundation ADVANCE Program; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources [F-47-R]; U.S. Geological Survey-Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center at Utah State University FX We thank Jon Flinders, Douglas Dieterman, and John Hayes for graciously sharing data sets and interpretation. This work was funded and supported by a National Science Foundation ADVANCE Program grant to Phaedra Budy, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Project XII, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, Segment 20, the U.S. Geological Survey-Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (in-kind), and the Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center at Utah State University. We thank Susan Durham for statistical guidance, Christy Meredith for developing the map, and Brian Bailey for formatting and editorial assistance. Two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the clarity and rigor of previous drafts of the manuscript. Mention of brand names in this paper does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 87 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 356 EP 367 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117DQ UT WOS:000316932800012 PM 23691655 ER PT J AU Whalen, MA Duffy, JE Grace, JB AF Whalen, Matthew A. Duffy, J. Emmett Grace, James B. TI Temporal shifts in top-down vs. bottom-up control of epiphytic algae in a seagrass ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE direct vs. indirect effects; epiphyte; mesograzer; seagrass; structural equation modeling; top-down vs. bottom-up processes; trophic cascade; York River, Virginia, USA; Zostera marina ID MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; LIMITED RELEVANCE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; CORAL-REEF; EELGRASS; GROWTH AB In coastal marine food webs, small invertebrate herbivores (mesograzers) have long been hypothesized to occupy an important position facilitating dominance of habitat-forming macrophytes by grazing competitively superior epiphytic algae. Because of the difficulty of manipulating mesograzers in the field, however, their impacts on community organization have rarely been rigorously documented. Understanding mesograzer impacts has taken on increased urgency in seagrass systems due to declines in seagrasses globally, caused in part by widespread eutrophication favoring seagrass overgrowth by faster-growing algae. Using cage-free field experiments in two seasons (fall and summer), we present experimental confirmation that mesograzer reduction and nutrients can promote blooms of epiphytic algae growing on eelgrass (Zostera marina). In this study, nutrient additions increased epiphytes only in the fall following natural decline of mesograzers. In the summer, experimental mesograzer reduction stimulated a 447% increase in epiphytes, appearing to exacerbate seasonal dieback of eelgrass. Using structural equation modeling, we illuminate the temporal dynamics of complex interactions between macrophytes, mesograzers, and epiphytes in the summer experiment. An unexpected result emerged from investigating the interaction network: drift macroalgae indirectly reduced epiphytes by providing structure for mesograzers, suggesting that the net effect of macroalgae on seagrass depends on macroalgal density. Our results show that mesograzers can control proliferation of epiphytic algae, that top-down and bottom-up forcing are temporally variable, and that the presence of macroalgae can strengthen top-down control of epiphytic algae, potentially contributing to eelgrass persistence. C1 [Whalen, Matthew A.; Duffy, J. Emmett] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Whalen, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mawhalen@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-1031061]; VIMS; NSF GK-12 grant; USGS FX J. G. Douglass and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. We thank J. P. Richardson, R. E. Blake, J. S. Lefcheck, A. F. P. Moore for assistance with setting up, maintaining, and sampling experimental plots; and M. S. Arencibia, E. Enriquez Hesles, J. A. New, Z. D. Pierson, and C. T. Rudebusch for assistance with processing mesograzer samples. R. M. Dickhut, M. C. Fabrizio, R. J. Latour, and R. J. Orth provided valuable input on experimental design and analysis. This is Contribution Number 3249 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. Mention of product names does not imply endorsement by the Government. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to J. E. Duffy (NSF OCE-1031061). Additional support for M. A. Whalen was provided by VIMS and by an NSF GK-12 grant to VIMS. Support for J. B. Grace was provided by funding from the USGS Climate Change and Ecosystems Programs. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 198 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 510 EP 520 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117DQ UT WOS:000316932800026 PM 23691669 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Adams, JV Hrabik, TR Vinson, MR Woiak, Z Ahrenstorff, TD AF Yule, Daniel L. Adams, Jean V. Hrabik, Thomas R. Vinson, Mark R. Woiak, Zebadiah Ahrenstorff, Tyler D. TI Use of classification trees to apportion single echo detections to species: Application to the pelagic fish community of Lake Superior SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Classification trees; Midwater trawl catches; Acoustic estimates of fish density; Apportionment of acoustic density estimates to species; Lake Superior; Laurentian Great Lakes ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; INDIVIDUAL FISH; ABUNDANCE; BIOMASS; IDENTIFICATION; FREQUENCIES; MICHIGAN; DENSITY; HURON AB Acoustic methods are used to estimate the density of pelagic fish in large lakes with results of midwater trawling used to assign species composition. Apportionment in lakes having mixed species can be challenging because only a small fraction of the water sampled acoustically is sampled with trawl gear. Here we describe a new method where single echo detections (SEDs) are assigned to species based on classification tree models developed from catch data that separate species based on fish size and the spatial habitats they occupy. During the summer of 2011, we conducted a spatially-balanced lake-wide acoustic and midwater trawl survey of Lake Superior. A total of 51 sites in four bathymetric depth strata (0-30 m, 30-100 m, 100-200 m, and >200 m) were sampled. We developed classification tree models for each stratum and found fish length was the most important variable for separating species. To apply these trees to the acoustic data, we needed to identify a target strength to length (TS-to-L) relationship appropriate for all abundant Lake Superior pelagic species. We tested performance of 7 general (i.e., multi-species) relationships derived from three published studies. The best-performing relationship was identified by comparing predicted and observed catch compositions using a second independent Lake Superior data set. Once identified, the relationship was used to predict lengths of SEDs from the lake-wide survey, and the classification tree models were used to assign each SED to a species. Exotic rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) were the most common species at bathymetric depths <100m with their population estimated at 755 million (3.4 kt). Kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) were the most abundant species at depths >100 m (384 million; 6.0 kt). Cisco (Coregonus artedi) were widely distributed over all strata with their population estimated at 182 million (44 kt). The apportionment method we describe should be transferable to other large lakes provided fish are not tightly aggregated, and an appropriate TS-to-L relationship for abundant pelagic fish species can be determined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yule, Daniel L.; Vinson, Mark R.; Woiak, Zebadiah] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hrabik, Thomas R.; Ahrenstorff, Tyler D.] Univ Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov; jvadams@usgs.gov; thrabik@d.umn.edu; mvinson@usgs.gov; zwoiak@uwsp.edu; ahre0051@d.umn.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We thank the crews of the R/V Kiyi and R/V Blue Heron for their work in the field. L. Graf provided assistance with manuscript formatting, and L. Evrard created maps showing sampling locations. This research was funded by a grant received from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This paper is contribution number 1726 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 140 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.012 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 102KK UT WOS:000315843300015 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Jarnevich, CS Holcombe, TR Talbert, CB Ignizio, D Talbert, MK Silva, C Koop, D Swanson, A Young, NE AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Holcombe, Tracy R. Talbert, Colin B. Ignizio, Drew Talbert, Marian K. Silva, Claudio Koop, David Swanson, Alan Young, Nicholas E. TI VisTrails SAHM: visualization and workflow management for species habitat modeling SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROVENANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTIES AB The Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM) has been created to both expedite habitat modeling and help maintain a record of the various input data, pre- and post-processing steps and modeling options incorporated in the construction of a species distribution model through the established workflow management and visualization VisTrails software. This paper provides an overview of the VisTrails:SAHM software including a link to the open source code, a table detailing the current SAHM modules, and a simple example modeling an invasive weed species in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. C1 [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Holcombe, Tracy R.; Talbert, Colin B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ignizio, Drew; Talbert, Marian K.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Serv Grp LLC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Silva, Claudio; Koop, David] Polytech Inst New York, Metro Tech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Young, Nicholas E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM morisettej@usgs.gov OI Ignizio, Drew/0000-0001-8054-5139 FU NASA; USGS FX The work was jointly funded by NASA and the USGS. Special thanks to NASA program manager Woody Turner and USGS invasive species program coordinator Sharon Gross. We are grateful to the VisTrails development team and colleagues at Colorado State Univ. who are helping to test VisTrails:SAHM, in particular Paul Evangelista, Sunil Kumar, Nick Young, and Lane Carter. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although the SAHM program has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the accuracy and functioning of the program and related program material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07815.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XR UT WOS:000316330100003 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Augustine, DJ Sedgwick, JA Lubow, BC AF Baker, Bruce W. Augustine, David J. Sedgwick, James A. Lubow, Bruce C. TI Ecosystem engineering varies spatially: a test of the vegetation modification paradigm for prairie dogs SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; DESERT GRASSLAND; RODENT COMMUNITIES; CYNOMYS-GUNNISONI; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; MOUNTAIN PLOVERS; GREAT-PLAINS; COLONIES; HETEROGENEITY AB Colonial, burrowing herbivores can be engineers of grassland and shrubland ecosystems worldwide. Spatial variation in landscapes suggests caution when extrapolating single-place studies of single species, but lack of data and the need to generalize often leads to model system' thinking and application of results beyond appropriate statistical inference. Generalizations about the engineering effects of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) developed largely from intensive study at a single complex of black-tailed prairie dogs C. ludovicianus in northern mixed prairie, but have been extrapolated to other ecoregions and prairie dog species in North America, and other colonial, burrowing herbivores. We tested the paradigm that prairie dogs decrease vegetation volume and the cover of grasses and tall shrubs, and increase bare ground and forb cover. We sampled vegetation on and off 279 colonies at 13 complexes of 3 prairie dog species widely distributed across 5 ecoregions in North America. The paradigm was generally supported at 7 black-tailed prairie dog complexes in northern mixed prairie, where vegetation volume, grass cover, and tall shrub cover were lower, and bare ground and forb cover were higher, on colonies than at paired off-colony sites. Outside the northern mixed prairie, all 3 prairie dog species consistently reduced vegetation volume, but their effects on cover of plant functional groups varied with prairie dog species and the grazing tolerance of dominant perennial grasses. White-tailed prairie dogs C. leucurus in sagebrush steppe did not reduce shrub cover, whereas black-tailed prairie dogs suppressed shrub cover at all complexes with tall shrubs in the surrounding habitat matrix. Black-tailed prairie dogs in shortgrass steppe and Gunnison's prairie dogs C. gunnisoni in Colorado Plateau grassland both had relatively minor effects on grass cover, which may reflect the dominance of grazing-tolerant shortgrasses at both complexes. Variation in modification of vegetation structure may be understood in terms of the responses of different dominant perennial grasses to intense defoliation and differences in foraging behavior among prairie dog species. Spatial variation in the engineering role of prairie dogs suggests spatial variation in their keystone role, and spatial variation in the roles of other ecosystem engineers. Thus, ecosystem engineering can have a spatial component not evident from single-place studies. C1 [Baker, Bruce W.; Sedgwick, James A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA FX We thank all the dedicated field research assistants who contributed to the study: M. Bailey, R. Browning, C. Cook, K. Johnston, J. Kelly, H. McCann, C. Mui, A. Quinn, T. Toombs, T. Beck, A. Boyle, J. Brooks, L. Comita, H. Ducharme, K. Kump, L. Locke, R. Scott, C. Smith, and M. Ward. Phil Chapman of Colorado State Univ. provided helpful statistical advice. We also thank the many biologists, land managers, tribal leaders, private landowners, and others who provided field support. We thank P. Stapp and J. Derner for helpful comments on a previous version of the paper. Field data collection was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07614.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XR UT WOS:000316330100013 ER PT J AU Hinojosa-Huerta, O Nagler, PL Carrillo-Guererro, YK Glenn, EP AF Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel Nagler, Pamela L. Carrillo-Guererro, Yamilett K. Glenn, Edward P. TI Effects of drought on birds and riparian vegetation in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Drought; Riparian habitats; Riparian-obligate birds; Floods; Climate change; Tamarix; Populus; Salix; Prosopissequia; habitat ripario; ayes riparias; inundacion; cambio climatico; Tamarix; Populus; Salix; Prosopis ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT; BASIN; RESTORATION; HYDROLOGY AB The riparian corridor in the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico supports internationally important bird habitat. The vegetation is maintained by surface flows from the U.S. and Mexico and by a high, non-saline aquifer into which the dominant phreatophytic shrubs and trees are rooted. We studied the effects of a regional drought on riparian vegetation and avian abundance and diversity from 2002 to 2007, during which time surface flows were markedly reduced compared to the period from 1995 to 2002. Reduced surface flows led to a reduction in native tree cover but an increase in shrub cover, mostly due to an increase in Tamarix spp., an introduced halophytic shrub, and a reduction in Populus fremontii and Salix gooddingii trees. However, overall vegetation cover was unchanged at about 70%. Overall bird density and diversity were also unchanged, but riparian-obligate species tended to decrease in abundance, and generalist species increased. Although reduction in surface flows reduced habitat value and negatively impacted riparian-obligate bird species, portions of the riparian zone exhibited resilience. Surface flows are required to reduce soil salt levels and germinate new cohorts of native trees, but the main source of water supporting this ecosystem is the aquifer, derived from underflows from irrigated fields in the U.S. and Mexico. The long-term prospects for delta riparian habitats are uncertain due to expected reduced flows of river water from climate change, and land use practices that will reduce underflows to the riparian aquifer and increase salinity levels. Active restoration programs would be needed if these habitats are to be preserved for the future. Resumen: El corredor ripario en el delta del do Colorado en Mexico contiene habitat para ayes de importancia internacional. La vegetacion se mantiene con flujos superficiales de E.U. y Mexico y por un acuifero somero de baja salinidad al cual Ilegan las raices de los arbustos y arboles freatofiticos. Estudiamos los efectos de una sequia regional sobre la vegetacion riparia y la abundancia y diversidad de ayes entre el 2002 y 2007, periodo en el que los flujos superficiales se redujeron drasticamente, en comparacion con el periodo entre 1995-2002. La reduccion de flujos superficiales cause la reduccion en cobertura de arboles nativos y un incremento en la cobertura de arbustos, principalmente por el aumento de Tamarix spp., un arbusto halofito introducido, y por la perdida de Populus fremontii y Salix gooddingii. Sin embargo, la cobertura vegetal se mantuvo sin cambio, en cerca de 70%. La densidad y diversidad de ayes tambien se mantuvo, pero la abundancia de especies riparias descendio, mientras que las especies generalistas aumentaron. Aunque la reduccion en flujos superficiales redujo el valor de habitat y afecto negativamente a las ayes riparias, algunas porciones de la zona exhibieron resiliencia. Los flujos superficiales se requieren para reducir la salinidad en el suelo y para la germinacion de nuevos cohortes de arboles nativos, pero la principal fuente de agua para este ecosistema es el acuifero, derivado de los flujos subterraneos que provienen de la irrigacion agricola en E.U. y Mexico. La expectativa para los habitats riparios en el delta es incierta debido a que se espera una reduccion en los flujos superficiales a causa del cambio climatico, y por las practicas que reduciran los flujos subterraneos y aumentaran la salinidad. Para poder preservar estos habitats hacia el futuro se requiere la implementacion de programas de restauracion activa. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel] Pronatura Noroeste, San Luis Rio Colorado 83440, Sonora, Mexico. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Carrillo-Guererro, Yamilett K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 1601 East Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM ohinojosa@pronatura-noroeste.org; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.082 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 106RL UT WOS:000316162300033 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Jiang, H Liu, JX Ju, WM Zhang, XY AF Zhang, Zhen Jiang, Hong Liu, Jinxun Ju, Weimin Zhang, Xiuying TI Effect of heterogeneous atmospheric CO2 on simulated global carbon budget SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE SCIAMACHY; Atmospheric CO2; Carbon sequestration; IBIS; NPP; NEP ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TRANSFER SCHEME LSX; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; CLIMATE MODEL GENESIS; SATELLITE DATA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT MODELS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ELEVATED CO2 AB The effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration have been a key focus in global change studies. As anthropological CO2 emissions substantially increase, the spatial variability of atmospheric CO2 should be considered to reduce the potential bias on C source and sink estimations. In this study, the global spatial-temporal patterns of near surface CO2 concentrations for the period 2003-2009 were established using the SCIAMACHY satellite observations and the GLOBALVIEW-CO2 field observations. With this CO2 data and the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), our estimation of the global mean annual NPP and NEP was 0.5% and 7% respectively which differs from the traditional C sequestration assessments. The Amazon, Southeast Asia, and Tropical Africa showed higher C sequestration than the traditional assessment, and the rest of the areas around the world showed slightly lower C sequestration than the traditional assessment. We find that the variability of NEP is less intense under heterogeneous CO2 pattern on a global scale. Further studies of the cause of CO2 variation and the interactions between natural and anthropogenic processes of C sequestration are needed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Zhen; Jiang, Hong; Ju, Weimin; Zhang, Xiuying] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong] Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, State Key Lab Subtrop Forest Sci, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong] Zhejiang Agr & Forestry Univ, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinxun] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Hankou Rd 22, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianghong_china@hotmail.com FU NSF China Major Program [61190114, 41171324]; State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China [2011CB302705, 2010CB950702, 2010CB428503]; Funds for Ph.D Education [20110091110028]; State High Technology Funds of China [2009AA122001, 2009AA122005]; State Key Basic Research Funds of China [2007FY110300-04, 2007FY110300-08]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Zhejiang province key science and technology innovation team [2010R50030]; USGS [G10PC00044] FX Funding support partially from The NSF China Major Program (61190114 & 41171324), The State Key Fundamental Science Funds of China (2011CB302705, 2010CB950702, and 2010CB428503), The Funds for Ph.D Education (20110091110028), The State High Technology Funds of China (2009AA122001 and 2009AA122005), The State Key Basic Research Funds of China (2007FY110300-04 & 2007FY110300-08), The Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Zhejiang province key science and technology innovation team (2010R50030). We are grateful to the contributions to this study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for SCIAMACHY teams for the availability of SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS data descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. and thank various members of these teams, and reviewers for their helpful Government.; Work performed under USGS contract G10PC00044. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD FEB PY 2013 VL 101 BP 33 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.12.002 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 110DU UT WOS:000316423600003 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Caillaud, D Heisey, DM AF Cross, Paul C. Caillaud, Damien Heisey, Dennis M. TI Underestimating the effects of spatial heterogeneity due to individual movement and spatial scale: infectious disease as an example SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Source-sink metapopulation; Epidemiological model; Observational bias; Disease transmission; Host density; Modifiable areal unit problem ID AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION; POPULATION REGULATION; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; MELES-MELES; PREVALENCE; INFERENCE AB Many ecological and epidemiological studies occur in systems with mobile individuals and heterogeneous landscapes. Using a simulation model, we show that the accuracy of inferring an underlying biological process from observational data depends on movement and spatial scale of the analysis. As an example, we focused on estimating the relationship between host density and pathogen transmission. Observational data can result in highly biased inference about the underlying process when individuals move among sampling areas. Even without sampling error, the effect of host density on disease transmission is underestimated by approximately 50 % when one in ten hosts move among sampling areas per lifetime. Aggregating data across larger regions causes minimal bias when host movement is low, and results in less biased inference when movement rates are high. However, increasing data aggregation reduces the observed spatial variation, which would lead to the misperception that a spatially targeted control effort may not be very effective. In addition, averaging over the local heterogeneity will result in underestimating the importance of spatial covariates. Minimizing the bias due to movement is not just about choosing the best spatial scale for analysis, but also about reducing the error associated with using the sampling location as a proxy for an individual's spatial history. This error associated with the exposure covariate can be reduced by choosing sampling regions with less movement, including longitudinal information of individuals' movements, or reducing the window of exposure by using repeated sampling or younger individuals. C1 [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Caillaud, Damien] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov; dcaillaud@austin.utexas.edu RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease program [DEB-1067129]; NIH/DHS; RAPIDD program; NSF [DEB-0749097] FX We thank M. Ebinger for help with the figures. PCC's work was supported by U.S. Geological Survey, the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease program DEB-1067129 and some ideas stem from working groups sponsored by the NIH/DHS funded RAPIDD program. DC's work was supported by NSF Grant DEB-0749097 to L. A. Meyers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9830-4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 108JT UT WOS:000316289800006 ER PT J AU Wachnicka, A Gaiser, E Wingard, L Briceno, H Harlem, P AF Wachnicka, Anna Gaiser, Evelyn Wingard, Lynn Briceno, Henry Harlem, Peter TI Impact of Late Holocene climate variability and anthropogenic activities on Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA): Evidence from diatoms SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Biscayne Bay; Climate oscillation patterns; Salinity changes; Paleoecology ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SALINITY; COASTAL; WETLANDS; ECOLOGY; INDEXES; QUALITY AB Shallow marine ecosystems are experiencing significant environmental alterations as a result of changing climate and increasing human activities along coasts. Intensive urbanization of the southeast Florida coast and intensification of climate change over the last few centuries changed the character of coastal ecosystems in the semi-enclosed Biscayne Bay, Florida. In order to develop management policies for the Bay, it is vital to obtain reliable scientific evidence of past ecological conditions. The long-term records of subfossil diatoms obtained from No Name Bank and Featherbed Bank in the Central Biscayne Bay, and from the Card Sound Bank in the neighboring Card Sound, were used to study the magnitude of the environmental change caused by climate variability and water management over the last similar to 600 yr. Analyses of these records revealed that the major shifts in the diatom assemblage structures at No Name Bank occurred in 1956, at Featherbed Bank in 1966, and at Card Sound Bank in 1957. Smaller magnitude shifts were also recorded at Featherbed Bank in 1893, 1942, 1974 and 1983. Most of these changes coincided with severe drought periods that developed during the cold phases of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), or when AMO was in warm phase and PDO was in the cold phase. Only the 1983 change coincided with an unusually wet period that developed during the warm phases of ENSO and PDO. Quantitative reconstructions of salinity using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) diatom-based salinity model revealed a gradual increase in salinity at the three coring locations over the last similar to 600 yr, which was primarily caused by continuously rising sea level and in the last several decades also by the reduction of the amount of freshwater inflow from the mainland. Concentration of sediment total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) increased in the second half of the 20th century, which coincided with the construction of canals, landfills, marinas and water treatment plants along the western margin of Biscayne Bay. Increased magnitude and rate of the diatom assemblage restructuring in the mid- and late-1900s, suggest that large environmental changes are occurring more rapidly now than in the past. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wachnicka, Anna] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Wachnicka, Anna; Gaiser, Evelyn; Briceno, Henry; Harlem, Peter] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Gaiser, Evelyn] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Wingard, Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wachnicka, A (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Univ Pk,OE 148,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM wachnick@fiu.edu; gaisere@fiu.edu; lwingard@usgs.gov; bricenoh@fiu.edu; harlemp@fiu.edu FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) [800000961]; South Florida Water Management District [C-13400] FX This study was financially supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS; Cooperative Agreement) # 800000961. Funding for the initial collection and radiometric dating of the cores was provided by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science (GEPES) effort, G. Ronnie Best, Coordinator, and by South Florida Water Management District (Contract C-13400), and Richard Alleman and Trisha Stone, Project Managers. The Biscayne National Park provided access to the coring sites and the research was conducted as part of the NPS Study Number BISC-02027. The core collection and processing were done by James Murray (USGS), Rob Stamm (USGS), and Carlos Budet (former USGS contractor). Lead-210 analyses were conducted by Charles W. Holmes (USGS, retired) and Marci Marot (USGS), pollen bio-stratigraphy by Debra Willard and Christopher Bernhardt (USGS), and sediment geochemistry by William Orem (USGS). The GIS map (Fig. 1) was generated by Bethany Stackhouse (USGS). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 588 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 371 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.020 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 107QM UT WOS:000316235800007 ER PT J AU Selbig, WR Bannerman, R Corsi, SR AF Selbig, William R. Bannerman, Roger Corsi, Steven R. TI From streets to streams: Assessing the toxicity potential of urban sediment by particle size SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Trace metal; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Particle size; Toxicity; Sediment; Urban ID POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; QUALITY GUIDELINES; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; HEAVY-METALS; STORMWATER; POLLUTANTS; WATER; PAHS; FRACTIONS; SEALCOAT AB Urban sediment can act as a transport mechanism for a variety of pollutants to move towards a receiving water body. The concentrations of these pollutants oftentimes exceed levels that are toxic to aquatic organisms. Many treatment structures are designed to capture coarse sediment but do not work well to similarly capture the fines. This study measured concentrations of select trace metals and PAHs in both the silt and sand fractions of urban sediment from four sources: stormwater bed, stormwater suspended, street dirt, and streambed. Concentrations were used to assess the toxic potential of sediment based on published sediment quality guidelines. All sources of sediment showed some level of toxic potential with stormwater bed sediment the highest followed by stormwater suspended, street dirt, and streambed. Both metal and PAH concentration distributions were highly correlated between the four sampling locations suggesting the presence of one or perhaps only a few sources of these pollutants which remain persistent as sediment is transported from street to stream. Comparison to other forms of combustion- and vehicle-related sources of PAHs revealed coal tar sealants to have the strongest correlation, in both the silt and sand fractions, at all four sampling sites. This information is important for environmental managers when selecting the most appropriate Best Management Practice (BMP) as a way to mitigate pollution conveyed in urban stormwater from source to sink. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Selbig, William R.; Corsi, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Bannerman, Roger] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM wrselbig@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 444 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.094 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107SD UT WOS:000316240200041 PM 23280296 ER PT J AU Hayes, MC Reisenbichler, RR Rubin, SP Drake, DC Stenberg, KD Young, SF AF Hayes, Michael C. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Rubin, Stephen P. Drake, Deanne C. Stenberg, Karl D. Young, Sewall F. TI Effectiveness of an integrated hatchery program: can genetic-based performance differences between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon be avoided? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NATIONAL FISH HATCHERY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; POPULATIONS; FITNESS; SUCCESS; PROGENY; SIZE AB Performance of wild (W) and hatchery (H) spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was evaluated for a sixth generation hatchery program. Management techniques to minimize genetic divergence from the wild stock included regular use of wild broodstock and volitional releases of juveniles. Performance of HH, WW, and HW (hatchery female spawned with wild male) crosses was compared in hatchery and stream environments. The WW juveniles emigrated from the hatchery at two to three times the rate of HH fish in the fall (HW intermediate) and 35% more HH than WW adults returned (27% more HW than WW adults). Performance in the stream did not differ statistically between HH and WW fish, but outmigrants (38% WW, 30% HW, and 32% HH fish) during the first 39 days of the 16-month sampling period composed 74% of total outmigrants. Differences among hatchery-reared crosses were partially due to additive genetic effects, were consistent with domestication (increased fitness for the hatchery population in the hatchery program), and suggested that selection against fall emigration from the hatchery was a possible mechanism of domestication. C1 [Hayes, Michael C.; Reisenbichler, Reginald R.; Rubin, Stephen P.; Stenberg, Karl D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Drake, Deanne C.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Anim Plant & Environm Sci, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Young, Sewall F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mol Genet Lab, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 FU Bonneville Power Administration [DE-AI79-91BP17760, 90-052]; US Geological Survey [DE-AI79-91BP17760, 90-052] FX Mark Fritsch, Gene Green (deceased), Rich Lincoln, and Jack McIntyre provided strong support for this study. Doug Olson and David Hand (US Fish and Wildlife Service) were influential in planning, data collection, and along with Katy Doctor (National Marine Fisheries Service) provided critical reviews of earlier manuscript drafts. Mike Paiya, Mavis Shaw, and staff at Warm Springs NFH played key roles in planning and project implementation. In addition, project implementation was aided by Bob Spateholts and Geoff Fitzgerald (Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation), Kirk Schroeder and Mark Chilcote (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, ODFW), and Don Ratliff (Portland General Electric). Paul Hutchinson and Jennifer Bizak collected much of the natural rearing data and were aided by Garrett Hageman, Chris Holbrook, Joel Ducharme, and Dave Warner. Scott Lewis (Portland Gas & Electric) and Mike Riehle (US Forest Service) assisted in the collection of trapping data from the Metolius River. Migrant data at Bonneville Dam was collected with the help of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission and Lyle Gilbreath (National Marine Fisheries Service). Rod French and Bill Murray (ODFW) aided in creel surveys and the collection of CWT data. Genetic analyses were completed with the help of Corwyn Bettles, Janet Loxterman, Cherril Bowman, Alice Frye, Jennifer Von Bargen, and Jim Shaklee (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). This project was funded jointly by Bonneville Power Administration (Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI79-91BP17760, Project No. 90-052) and the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0138 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TH UT WOS:000316017500002 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T Sanz-Ronda, FJ Ruiz-Legazpi, J AF Castro-Santos, Theodore Sanz-Ronda, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Legazpi, Jorge TI Breaking the speed limit - comparative sprinting performance of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED; SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS L; FRESH-WATER FISH; VELOCITY BARRIERS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; BEHAVIOR AB Sprinting behavior of free-ranging fish has long been thought to exceed that of captive fish. Here we present data from wild-caught brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), volitionally entering and sprinting against high-velocity flows in an open-channel flume. Performance of the two species was nearly identical, with the species attaining absolute speeds > 25 body lengths.s(-1). These speeds far exceed previously published observations for any salmonid species and contribute to the mounting evidence that commonly accepted estimates of swimming performance are low. Brook trout demonstrated two distinct modes in the relationship between swim speed and fatigue time, similar to the shift from prolonged to sprint mode described by other authors, but in this case occurring at speeds > 19 body lengths.s(-1). This is the first demonstration of multiple modes of sprint swimming at such high swim speeds. Neither species optimized for distance maximization, however, indicating that physiological limits alone are poor predictors of swimming performance. By combining distributions of volitional swim speeds with endurance, we were able to account for >80% of the variation in distance traversed by both species. C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore] USGS LSC, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Sanz-Ronda, Francisco Javier; Ruiz-Legazpi, Jorge] Univ Valladolid, UD Hidraul & Hidrol, Palencia 34004, Spain. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS LSC, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastrosantos@usgs.gov RI RUIZ-LEGAZPI, JORGE/F-4831-2016; OI RUIZ-LEGAZPI, JORGE/0000-0002-2053-7951; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 44 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 280 EP 293 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0186 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TH UT WOS:000316017500014 ER PT J AU Leopold, CR Hess, SC AF Leopold, Christina R. Hess, Steven C. TI MULTI-SCALE HABITAT SELECTION OF THE ENDANGERED HAWAIIAN GOOSE SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Branta sandvicensis; Hawaiian Goose; multi-scale habitat selection; Nene; satellite telemetry ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GEESE; PREFERENCE; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; CARIBOU; DESIGN AB After a severe population reduction during the mid-20th century, the endangered Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), or Nene, has only recently re-established its seasonal movement patterns on Hawai'i Island. Little is currently understood about its movements and habitat use during the nonbreeding season. The objectives of this research were to identify habitats preferred by two subpopulations of the Nene and how preferences shift seasonally at both meso- and fine scales. From 2009 to 2011, ten Nene ganders were outfitted with 40- to 45-g satellite transmitters with GPS capability. We used binary logistic regression to compare habitat use versus availability and an information-theoretic approach for model selection. Meso-scale habitat modeling revealed that Nene preferred exotic grass and human-modified landscapes during the breeding and molting seasons and native subalpine shrubland during the nonbreeding season. Fine-scale habitat modeling further indicated preference for exotic grass, bunch grass, and absence of trees. Proximity to water was important during molt, suggesting that the presence of water may provide escape from introduced mammalian predators while Nene are flightless. Fine-scale species-composition data added relatively little to understanding of Nene habitat preferences modeled at the meso scale, suggesting that the meso-scale is appropriate for management planning. Habitat selection during our study was consistent with historical records, although dissimilar from more recent studies of other subpopulations. Nene make pronounced seasonal movements between existing reserves and use distinct habitat types; understanding annual patterns has implications for the protection and restoration of important seasonal habitats. C1 [Leopold, Christina R.] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Leopold, Christina R.] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci Grad Program, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hess, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Leopold, CR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM shess@usgs.gov FU Park Oriented Biological Support; Natural Resources Preservation Program of the National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this project was provided by Park Oriented Biological Support and the Natural Resources Preservation Program of the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. We acknowledge the Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Three Mountain Alliance, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Big Island Country Club, and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park for access to field sites. The U.S. Army's Pohakuloa Training Area provided PTTs for this research. We thank P. Berkowitz, K. W. Brinck, R. J. Camp, L. S. Elliott, D. Hu, J. J. Jeffrey, D. R. Leopold, K. Misajon, J. T. Polhemus, L. Pratt, H. Sin, and J. VanDeMark for assistance. K. Kodama of the National Weather Service provided rainfall data. We also thank P. J. Hart and J. P. Price for helpful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 50 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.120022 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099XS UT WOS:000315659800004 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL Wilson, RE Petersen, MR Williams, JC Byrd, GV McCracken, KG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Talbot, Sandra L. Wilson, Robert E. Petersen, Margaret R. Williams, Jeffrey C. Byrd, G. Vernon McCracken, Kevin G. TI GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMMON EIDER IN THE WESTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS PRIOR TO FOX ERADICATION SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Common Eider; gene flow; genetic structure; Somateria mollissima ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COALESCENT APPROACH; MIGRATION RATES; ROCK PTARMIGAN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DUCK; DIFFERENTIATION AB Since the late 18th century bird populations residing in the Aleutian Archipelago have been greatly reduced by introduced arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). We analyzed data from microsatellite, nuclear intron, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) loci to examine the spatial genetic structure, demography, and gene flow among four Aleutian Island populations of the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) much reduced by introduced foxes. In mtDNA, we found high levels of genetic structure within and between island groups (Phi(ST) = 0.643), but we found no population subdivision in microsatellites or nuclear introns. Differences in genetic structure between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are consistent with the Common Eider's breeding and winter biology, as females are highly philopatric and males disperse. Nevertheless, significant differences between islands in the mtDNA of males and marginal significance (P = 0.07) in the Z-linked locus Smol suggest that males may also have some level of fidelity to island groups. Severe reduction of populations by the fox, coupled with females' high philopatry, may have left the genetic signature of a bottleneck effect, resulting in the high levels of genetic differentiation observed in mtDNA (Phi(ST) = 0.460-0.807) between islands only 440 km apart. Reestablishment of the Common Eider following the fox's eradication was likely through recruitment from within the islands and bolstered by dispersal from neighboring islands, as suggested by the lack of genetic structure and asymmetry in gene flow between Attu and the other Near Islands. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Petersen, Margaret R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Williams, Jeffrey C.; Byrd, G. Vernon] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU Minerals Management Service [1435-01-98-CA-309]; Coastal Marine Institute; University of Alaska Fairbanks; U.S. Geological Survey; Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research graduate fellowship [NSF EPS-0092040]; University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund FX Funding was provided by the Minerals Management Service (1435-01-98-CA-309), Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research graduate fellowship (NSF EPS-0092040), and University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund. Technological support was provided by Shawn Houston, University of Alaska Life Science Informatics computer cluster (NIH P20RR016466). We thank all of the researchers for generously providing samples; D. Irons and University Alaska Museum; J. Gust and G. K. Sage, U.S. Geological Survey, who provided laboratory assistance; and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110054 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099XS UT WOS:000315659800005 ER PT J AU Kirsch, EM Heglund, PJ Gray, BR McKann, P AF Kirsch, Eileen M. Heglund, Patricia J. Gray, Brian R. McKann, Patrick TI SONGBIRD USE OF FLOODPLAIN AND UPLAND FORESTS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER CORRIDOR DURING SPRING MIGRATION SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE floodplain forest; habitat use; neotropical migrant birds; spring migration; temperate-zone migrant birds; upland forest; Upper Mississippi River ID STOPOVER HABITAT USE; MIGRANT LANDBIRDS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; BIRDS; RIPARIAN; ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPE; PHENOLOGY AB The Upper Mississippi River is thought to provide important stopover habitat for migrating landbirds because of its north south orientation and floodplain forests. The river flows through the Drift less Area of southwestern Wisconsin and southeastern Minnesota where forests are plentiful, yet forests of the ffoodplain and Driftless Area uplands differ greatly in landscape setting, tree species composition, and topography. We compared landbird assemblages in these upland and floodplain forests over three springs, 2005-2007, using line-transect surveys at randomly selected areas in and within 16 km of the floodplain. We found more species of both transient and locally breeding migrants per survey in floodplain than in upland forest. Detections of transient neotropical migrants did not differ statistically by habitat. Detections of locally breeding neotropical and temperate-zone migrants and transient temperate-zone migrants were greater in floodplain than in upland forest. Between floodplain and upland forest, assemblages of locally breeding species, including neotropical and temperate-zone migrants (of which some individuals were in transit), differed substantially, but assemblages of transients (including both neotropical and temperate-zone migrants) did not differ as much. Only two species of transient migrants had clear affinities for floodplain forest, and none had an affinity for upland forest, whereas most locally breeding migrants had an affinity for either upland or floodplain forest. Within each spring, however, detections of transient neotropical migrants shifted from being greater in floodplain to greater in upland forests. This intraseasonal shift may be related to the phenology of certain tree species. C1 [Kirsch, Eileen M.; Heglund, Patricia J.; Gray, Brian R.; McKann, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kirsch, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ekirsch@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Long Term Resource Monitoring Program for the Upper Mississippi River; U.S. Geological Survey and Winona State University FX Major funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Long Term Resource Monitoring Program for the Upper Mississippi River. Field assistants were R. Pottinger, L. Koch, J. Sobiech-Pariseau, K. Carlyle, C. Pollentier, W. Yandek, M. Murphy, R. Chapman, T. Grimm, K. McKay, T. Hovick, and C. Monson. R. Urich, J. Sobiech (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District), G. Swenson, and J. Lundh (St. Louis District) helped field technicians learn to identify trees and shrubs and take forestry measurements. K. Harvey and T. Cox assisted with logistics. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost-Share grant to the U.S. Geological Survey and Winona State University supported part of the field effort. L. Robinson and J. C. Nelson assisted with GIS-coverage assembly and random-point generation. Thanks also to the many private landowners who allowed access to their land. Any use of trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1525/cond.2012.110209 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099XS UT WOS:000315659800014 ER PT J AU Ruppert, LF Sakurovs, R Blach, TP He, LL Melnichenko, YB Mildner, DFR Alcantar-Lopez, L AF Ruppert, Leslie F. Sakurovs, Richard Blach, Tomasz P. He, Lilin Melnichenko, Yuri B. Mildner, David F. R. Alcantar-Lopez, Leo TI A USANS/SANS Study of the Accessibility of Pores in the Barnett Shale to Methane and Water SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAS-ADSORPTION; COAL; MICROSTRUCTURE; POROSITY; SORPTION; MATURATION; RESERVOIR; WOODFORD; HELIUM AB Shale is an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States. The gas is held in fine pores that need to be accessed by horizontal drilling and hydrofracturing techniques. Understanding the nature of the pores may provide clues to making gas extraction more efficient. We have investigated two Mississippian Barnett Shale samples, combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) to determine the pore size distribution of the shale over the size range 10 nm to 10 mu m. By adding deuterated methane (CD4) and, separately, deuterated water (D(2)0) to the shale, we have identified the fraction of pores that are accessible to these compounds over this size range. The total pore size distribution is essentially identical for the two samples. At pore sizes >250 nm, >85% of the pores in both samples are accessible to both CD4, and D2O. However, differences in accessibility to CD4, are observed in the smaller pore sizes (similar to 25 nm). In one sample, CD4, penetrated the smallest pores as effectively as it did the larger ones. In the other sample, less than 70% of the smallest pores (<25 nm) were accessible to CD4, but they were still largely penetrable by water, suggesting that small-scale heterogeneities in methane accessibility occur in the shale samples even though the total porosity does not differ. An additional study investigating the dependence of scattered intensity with pressure of CD4, allows for an accurate estimation of the pressure at which the scattered intensity is at a minimum. This study provides information about the composition of the material immediately surrounding the pores. Most of the accessible (open) pores in the 25 nm size range can be associated with either mineral matter or high reflectance organic material. However, a complementary scanning electron microscopy investigation shows that most of the pores in these shale samples are contained in the organic components. The neutron scattering results indicate that the pores are not equally proportioned in the different constituents within the shale. There is some indication from the SANS results that the composition of the pore-containing material varies with pore size; the pore size distribution associated with mineral matter is different from that associated with organic phases. C1 [Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resource Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sakurovs, Richard] CSIRO Riverside Life Sci Ctr, CSIRO Energy Technol, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Blach, Tomasz P.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld Q4000, Australia. [He, Lilin; Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alcantar-Lopez, Leo] Chesapeake Energy Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. RP Ruppert, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resource Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lruppert@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061; He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported in part by the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, administered jointly by the ORNL and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. In addition, the research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on the BTS Ultrasmall-Angle Neutron Scattering instrument utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. James C. Hower, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, and Cortland F. Eble, Kentucky Geological Survey, kindly performed vitrinite reflectance analyses. Mention of specific commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1021/ef301859s PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900020 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Nesmith, JCB Keifer, M Brooks, M AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Nesmith, Jonathan C. B. Keifer, MaryBeth Brooks, Matthew TI Tree mortality patterns following prescribed fire for Pinus and Abies across the southwestern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Conifer mortality; Fire effects; Fire injury; Mortality model ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE; RESTORATION; PRINCIPLES; CALIFORNIA; PRONE AB The reintroduction of fire to historically fire-prone forests has been repeatedly shown to reduce under-story fuels and promote resistance to high severity fire. However, there is concern that prescribed fire may also have unintended consequences, such as high rates of mortality for large trees and fire-tolerant Pinus species. To test this possibility we evaluated mortality patterns for two common genera in the western US, Pious and Abies, using observations from a national-scale prescribed fire effects monitoring program. Our results show that mortality rates of trees >50 DBH were similar for Pinus (4.6% yr(-1)) and Abies (4.0% yr(-1)) 5 years following prescribed fires across seven sites in the southwestern US. In contrast, mortality rates of trees <= 50 cm DBH differed between Pinus (5.7% yr(-1)) and Abies (9.0% yr(-1)). Models of post-fire mortality probabilities suggested statistically significant differences between the genera (after including differences in bark thickness), but accounting for these differences resulted in only small improvements in model classification. Our results do not suggest unusually high post-fire mortality for large trees or for Pinus relative to the other common co-occurring genus, Abies, following prescribed fire in the southwestern US. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Keifer, MaryBeth] Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management Program Ctr, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Brooks, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [09-3-01-68]; National Park Service, Pacific West Region, Fuels and Fire Ecology Program [F8075080012] FX We thank the many NP5 scientists and field crews who collected and organized the FFI data. Laura Lalemand, Jon Hollis and Janelle Deshais assisted in the organization of the database. This project was supported by grants from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP Project Number 09-3-01-68) and the National Park Service, Pacific West Region, Fuels and Fire Ecology Program (Interagency Agreement# F8075080012). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 289 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.029 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 099XP UT WOS:000315659500051 ER PT J AU Shoberg, T Stoddard, PR AF Shoberg, Tom Stoddard, Paul R. TI Integrating stations from the North America Gravity Database into a local GPS-based land gravity survey SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gravity survey; Data integration; Geospatial; LiDAR; National database; Missouri ID GEOPHYSICS AB The ability to augment local gravity surveys with additional gravity stations from easily accessible national databases can greatly increase the areal coverage and spatial resolution of a survey. It is, however, necessary to integrate such data seamlessly with the local survey. One challenge to overcome in integrating data from national databases is that these data are typically of unknown quality. This study presents a procedure for the evaluation and seamless integration of gravity data of unknown quality from a national database with data from a local Global Positioning System (GPS)-based survey. The starting components include the latitude, longitude, elevation and observed gravity at each station location. Interpolated surfaces of the complete Bouguer anomaly are used as a means of quality control and comparison. The result is an integrated dataset of varying quality with many stations having GPS accuracy and other reliable stations of unknown origin, yielding a wider coverage and greater spatial resolution than either survey alone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shoberg, Tom] US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Stoddard, Paul R.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Shoberg, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CEGIS, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM tshoberg@usgs.gov; pstoddard@niu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 89 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.011 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 098HW UT WOS:000315541100007 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC Graymer, RW Colgan, JP Wentworth, CM Stanley, RG AF Langenheim, V. E. Jachens, R. C. Graymer, R. W. Colgan, J. P. Wentworth, C. M. Stanley, R. G. TI Fault geometry and cumulative offsets in the central Coast Ranges, California: Evidence for northward increasing slip along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault SO LITHOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; ANDREAS FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; NACIMIENTO FAULT; SALINIAN BLOCK; UNITED-STATES; EARLY MIOCENE; MONTEREY BAY; THRUST BELT; SYSTEM AB Estimates of the dip, depth extent, and amount of cumulative displacement along the major faults in the central California Coast Ranges are controversial. We use detailed aeromagnetic data to estimate these parameters for the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri and other faults. The recently acquired aeromagnetic data provide an areally consistent data set that crosses the onshore-offshore transition without disruption, which is particularly important for the mostly offshore San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault. Our modeling, constrained by exposed geology and in some cases, drill-hole and seismic-reflection data, indicates that the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri and Reliz-Rinconada faults dip steeply throughout the seismogenic crust. Deviations from steep dips may result from local fault interactions, transfer of slip between faults, or overprinting by transpression since the late Miocene. Given that such faults are consistent with predominantly strike-slip displacement, we correlate geophysical anomalies offset by these faults to estimate cumulative displacements. We find a northward increase in right-lateral displacement along the San Gregorio-San Simeon-Hosgri fault that is mimicked by Quaternary slip rates. Although overall slip rates have decreased over the lifetime of the fault, the pattern of slip has not changed. Northward increase in right-lateral displacement is balanced in part by slip added by faults, such as the Reliz-Rinconada, Oceanic-West Huasna, and (speculatively) Santa Ynez River faults to the east. LITHOSPHERE; v. 5; no. 1; p. 29-48 vertical bar Published online 2 October 2012 doi: 10.1130/L233.1 C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Jachens, R. C.; Graymer, R. W.; Colgan, J. P.; Wentworth, C. M.; Stanley, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 FU Pacific Gas and Electric Company FX We thank the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey for its continuing support of this and related projects. We also gratefully acknowledge financial and logistical support from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, in particular for providing a substantial amount of funding for aeromagnetic surveys. We thank Don Sweetkind, Dan Scheirer, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments that greatly tightened up the presentation and merit of the manuscript. Chris Sorlien provided additional insight into the dip of the San Gregorio fault. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1941-8264 J9 LITHOSPHERE-US JI Lithosphere PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1130/L233.1 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 100BX UT WOS:000315671300003 ER PT J AU Baltuck, M Briggs, S Loyche-Wilkie, M McGee, A Muchoney, D Skrovseth, PE AF Baltuck, Miriam Briggs, Stephen Loyche-Wilkie, Mette McGee, Andrew Muchoney, Doug Skrovseth, Per Erik TI The Global Forest Observations Initiative: fostering the use of satellite data in forest measurement, reporting and verification SO CARBON MANAGEMENT LA English DT News Item C1 [Baltuck, Miriam] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Briggs, Stephen] European Space Agcy Headquarters, F-75738 Paris 15, France. [Loyche-Wilkie, Mette] FAO, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [McGee, Andrew] Dept Climate Change & Energy Efficiency, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Muchoney, Doug] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 519, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Skrovseth, Per Erik] Norwegian Space Ctr, N-0212 Oslo, Norway. RP Baltuck, M (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, GPO 664, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-3004 J9 CARBON MANAG JI Carbon Manag. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.4155/CMT.12.76 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 094BS UT WOS:000315238600009 ER PT J AU Mercer, CN Treiman, AH Joy, KH AF Mercer, Celestine N. Treiman, Allan H. Joy, Katherine H. TI New lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 2996: A window into farside lithologies and petrogenesis SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE-AITKEN; IMPACT-MELT BRECCIAS; LITHIC FRAGMENTS; ERUPTION CONDITIONS; MARE BASALTS; GAMMA-RAY; CRUST; SURFACE; MOON; ORIGIN AB The Northwest Africa (NWA) 2996 meteorite is a lunar regolith breccia with a "mingled" bulk composition and slightly elevated incompatible element content. NWA 2996 is dominated by clasts of coarse-grained noritic and troctolitic anorthosite containing calcic plagioclase (An#similar to 98) and magnesian mafic minerals (Mg#similar to 75), distinguishing it from Apollo ferroan anorthosites and magnesian-suite rocks. This meteorite lacks basalt, and owes its mingled composition to a significant proportion of coarse-grained mafic clasts. One group of mafic clasts has pyroxenes similar to anorthosites, but contains more sodic plagioclase (An#similar to 94) distinguishing it as a separate lithology. Another group contains Mg-rich, very low-titanium pyroxenes, and could represent an intrusion parental to regional basalts. Other clasts include granophyric K-feldspar, disaggregated phosphate-bearing quartz monzodiorites, and alkali-suite fragments (An#similar to 65). These evolved lithics are a minor component, but contain minerals rich in incompatible elements. Several anorthosite clasts contain clusters of apatite, suggesting that the anorthosites either assimilated evolved rocks or were metasomatized by a liquid rich in incompatible elements. We used Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer remote sensing data to show that NWA 2996 is most similar to regoliths in and around the South Pole Aitken (SPA) basin, peripheral regions of eastern mare, Nectaris, Crisium, and southern areas of Mare Humorum. However, the mineralogy of NWA 2996 is distinctive compared with Apollo and Luna mission samples, and is likely consistent with an origin near the SPA basin: anorthosite clasts could represent local crustal material, mafic clasts could represent intrusions beneath basalt flows, and apatite-bearing rocks could carry the SPA KREEP signature. C1 [Mercer, Celestine N.; Treiman, Allan H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Joy, Katherine H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Mercer, CN (reprint author), USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmercer@usgs.gov OI Joy, Katherine/0000-0003-4992-8750 FU NASA [NNX08AH78G]; Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship [2011-569] FX The authors thank Dr. T. Bunch of Northern Arizona University for graciously loaning the TAL-1* thin section of NWA 2996. Kent Ross, Anne Peslier, Ray Guillemette, and John Donovan generously provided valuable microprobe and SEM assistance. We thank David Lawrence and members of the Lunar Prospector Gamma-ray spectrometer team for making their IDL mapping codes available, and Barry Kellett for IDL advice. Thanks to Samantha Jacob for calculating modal abundance data using ImageJ. Juliane Gross provided helpful discussion of the results. Finally, we thank Randy Korotev, Hiroshi Takeda, and Akira Yamaguchi, whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. This research was supported by the NASA Cosmochemistry grant NNX08AH78G, and Katherine Joy was funded by the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship grant 2011-569. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 48 IS 2 BP 289 EP 315 DI 10.1111/maps.12056 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 097SD UT WOS:000315492900009 ER PT J AU Glennie, C Brooks, B Ericksen, T Hauser, D Hudnut, K Foster, J Avery, J AF Glennie, Craig Brooks, Benjamin Ericksen, Todd Hauser, Darren Hudnut, Kenneth Foster, James Avery, Jon TI Compact Multipurpose Mobile Laser Scanning System - Initial Tests and Results SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; calibration; unmanned aerial vehicle ID VELODYNE HDL-64E S2; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MAPPING SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; LIDAR; TOPOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA AB We describe a prototype compact mobile laser scanning system that may be operated from a backpack or unmanned aerial vehicle. The system is small, self-contained, relatively inexpensive, and easy to deploy. A description of system components is presented, along with the initial calibration of the multi- sensor platform. The first field tests of the system, both in backpack mode and mounted on a helium balloon for real-world applications are presented. For both field tests, the acquired kinematic LiDAR data are compared with highly accurate static terrestrial laser scanning point clouds. These initial results show that the vertical accuracy of the point cloud for the prototype system is approximately 4 cm (1 sigma) in balloon mode, and 3 cm (1 sigma) in backpack mode while horizontal accuracy was approximately 17 cm (1 sigma) for the balloon tests. Results from selected study areas on the Sacramento River Delta and San Andreas Fault in California demonstrate system performance, deployment agility and flexibility, and potential for operational production of high density and highly accurate point cloud data. Cost and production rate trade-offs place this system in the niche between existing airborne and tripod mounted LiDAR systems. C1 [Glennie, Craig; Hauser, Darren] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Brooks, Benjamin; Hudnut, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ericksen, Todd; Foster, James; Avery, Jon] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Glennie, C (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM clglennie@uh.edu; bbrooks@usgs.gov; ericksen@hawaii.edu; dlhauser@uh.edu; hudnut@usgs.gov; jfoster@soest.hawaii.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Foster, James/G-7942-2012 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798 FU Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission [500-09-035] FX This work was funded by the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission, grant 500-09-035 to the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology at the University of Hawaii. We thank Juan Mercado, Joel McElroy, and board members of Reclamation District #341, for graciously enabling the field tests on Sherman Island. We thank John Hurl, Kathy Sharum and Ryan Cooper of the Bureau of Land Management for Carrizo Plain access. We thank Sara Looney, David Phillips, and Chris Walls of UNAVCO for providing the high rate GPS observations from the PBO GPS stations and Dan Determan, Aris Aspiotes and Keith Stark for providing the high rate GPS observations from the USGS GPS stations. Finally, the authors would also like to thank Ralph Haugerud and Brian Sherrod of USGS and three anonymous reviewers for appraising an earlier version of the text. Their detailed and constructive criticisms have helped improved the overall manuscript. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 40 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 521 EP 538 DI 10.3390/rs5020521 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KM UT WOS:000315402700004 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, P AF Thenkabail, Prasad TI Remote Sensing Best Paper Award 2013 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Thenkabail, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 862 EP 863 DI 10.3390/rs5020862 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KM UT WOS:000315402700017 ER PT J AU Casady, GM van Leeuwen, WJD Reed, BC AF Casady, Grant M. van Leeuwen, Willem J. D. Reed, Bradley C. TI Estimating Winter Annual Biomass in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts with Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE invasive species; MODIS; NDVI; monitoring; vegetation index ID ANNUAL PLANTS; MODIS; PATTERNS; NDVI AB Winter annual plants in southwestern North America influence fire regimes, provide forage, and help prevent erosion. Exotic annuals may also threaten native species. Monitoring winter annuals is difficult because of their ephemeral nature, making the development of a satellite monitoring tool valuable. We mapped winter annual aboveground biomass in the Desert Southwest from satellite observations, evaluating 18 algorithms using time-series vegetation indices (VI). Field-based biomass estimates were used to calibrate and evaluate each algorithm. Winter annual biomass was best estimated by calculating a base VI across the period of record and subtracting it from the peak VI for each winter season (R-2 = 0.92). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from 8-day reflectance data provided the best estimate of winter annual biomass. It is important to account for the timing of peak vegetation when relating field-based estimates to satellite VI data, since post-peak field estimates may indicate senescent biomass which is inaccurately represented by VI-based estimates. Images generated from the best-performing algorithm show both spatial and temporal variation in winter annual biomass. Efforts to manage this variable resource would be enhanced by a tool that allows the monitoring of changes in winter annual resources over time. C1 [Casady, Grant M.] Whitworth Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99251 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Reed, Bradley C.] USGS, Climate & Land Use Change, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Casady, GM (reprint author), Whitworth Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99251 USA. EM gcasady@whitworth.edu; leeuw@cals.arizona.edu; reed@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey-Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit [08HQPA0016] FX We are grateful for various agency personnel for their assistance in finding and accessing field sites, including Alice Miller, Jane Cipra, and Jason van Warmerdam from the National Park Service, Darrell Tersey and Lori Young from the Bureau of Land Management, and Joanne Roberts with Arizona State Parks. We are also indebted to a number of individuals who participated in field data collection, including Brett Blum, Nancy Casady, Sara Chavarria, Jen Davison, Murad Ishankuliev, Jahan Kariyeva, Raul Romo, and Abd salam El Vilaly. The authors are also grateful for comments from Dennis Dye, Todd Hawbaker, and three anonymous reviewers which led to a much improved manuscript. This research project "Remote Sensing of the Phenology of Desert Annuals" was funded by the US Geological Survey-Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (project# 08HQPA0016). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 27 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 909 EP 926 DI 10.3390/rs5020909 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KM UT WOS:000315402700020 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Breit, GN Healy, RW Zupancic, JW Hammack, R AF Bern, Carleton R. Breit, George N. Healy, Richard W. Zupancic, John W. Hammack, Richard TI Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coal-bed sodic water: Part I. Water and solute movement SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chloride; Drainage; Excess irrigation; Powder River Basin; Wyoming; VS2DT ID DESERT SOILS; SALINE; MANAGEMENT AB Water co-produced with coal-bed methane (CBM) in the semi-arid Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana commonly has relatively low salinity and high sodium adsorption ratios that can degrade soil permeability where used for irrigation. Nevertheless, a desire to derive beneficial use from the water and a need to dispose of large volumes of it have motivated the design of a deep subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system capable of utilizing that water. Drip tubing is buried 92 cm deep and irrigates at a relatively constant rate year-round, while evapotranspiration by the alfalfa and grass crops grown is seasonal. We use field data from two sites and computer simulations of unsaturated flow to understand water and solute movements in the SDI fields. Combined irrigation and precipitation exceed potential evapotranspiration by 300-480 mm annually. Initially, excess water contributes to increased storage in the unsaturated zone, and then drainage causes cyclical rises in the water table beneath the fields. Native chloride and nitrate below 200 cm depth are leached by the drainage. Some CBM water moves upward from the drip tubing, drawn by drier conditions above. Chloride from CBM water accumulates there as root uptake removes the water. Year over year accumulations indicated by computer simulations illustrate that infiltration of precipitation water from the surface only partially leaches such accumulations away. Field data show that 7% and 27% of added chloride has accumulated above the drip tubing in an alfalfa and grass field, respectively, following 6 years of irrigation. Maximum chloride concentrations in the alfalfa field are around 45 cm depth but reach the surface in parts of the grass field, illustrating differences driven by crop physiology. Deep SDI offers a means of utilizing marginal quality irrigation waters and managing the accumulation of their associated solutes in the crop rooting zone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zupancic, John W.] BeneTerra LLC, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Hammack, Richard] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS Energy Resources Program; National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy FX C.R.B. was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. Additional funding was provided by the USGS Energy Resources Program and the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. The assistance of numerous employees of BeneTerra, LLC., NETL, and USGS is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Carleton and Jackie Perry for access to the Platmak study site and Sheridan Burgess for access to the Dutch Creek site. Mark Engle, Jim Oster, Michelle Walvoord and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.014 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 095HD UT WOS:000315324400014 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Breit, GN Healy, RW Zupancic, JW AF Bern, Carleton R. Breit, George N. Healy, Richard W. Zupancic, John W. TI Deep subsurface drip irrigation using coal-bed sodic water: Part II. Geochemistry SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gypsum; PHREEQC; Powder River Basin; Wyoming; Sodium adsorption ratio; Sulfuric acid ID NATURAL-GAS; LAND APPLICATION; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; SALINITY; METHANE; CROP AB Waters with low salinity and high sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) present a challenge to irrigation because they degrade soil structure and infiltration capacity. In the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, such low salinity (electrical conductivity, EC 2.1 mS cm(-1)) and high-SAR (54) waters are co-produced with coal-bed methane and some are used for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The SDI system studied mixes sulfuric acid with irrigation water and applies water year-round via drip tubing buried 92 cm deep. After six years of irrigation, SAR values between 0 and 30 cm depth (0.5-1.2) are only slightly increased over non-irrigated soils (0.1-0.5). Only 8-15% of added Na has accumulated above the drip tubing. Sodicity has increased in soil surrounding the drip tubing, and geochemical simulations show that two pathways can generate sodic conditions. In soil between 45-cm depth and the drip tubing, Na from the irrigation water accumulates as evapotranspiration concentrates solutes. SAR values >12, measured by 1:1 water-soil extracts, are caused by concentration of solutes by factors up to 13. Low-EC (<0.7 mS cm(-1)) is caused by rain and snowmelt flushing the soil and displacing ions in soil solution. Soil below the drip tubing experiences lower solute concentration factors (1-1.65) due to excess irrigation water and also contains relatively abundant native gypsum (2.4 +/- 1.7 wt.%). Geochemical simulations show gypsum dissolution decreases soil-water SAR to <7 and increases the EC to around 4.1 mS cm(-1), thus limiting negative impacts from sodicity. With sustained irrigation, however, downward flow of excess irrigation water depletes gypsum, increasing soil-water SAR to >14 and decreasing EC in soil water to 3.2 mS cm(-1). Increased sodicity in the subsurface, rather than the surface, indicates that deep SDI can be a viable means of irrigating with sodic waters. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.; Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zupancic, John W.] BeneTerra LLC, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship; USGS Energy Resources Program; National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy FX C.R.B. was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. Additional funding was provided by the USGS Energy Resources Program and the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. The assistance of numerous employees of BeneTerra LLC, NETL, and USGS is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Carleton and Jackie Perry for access to the Platmak study site. Mark Engle, Girisha Ganjegunte, Jim Oster, and David Parkhurst provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.013 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 095HD UT WOS:000315324400015 ER PT J AU Holzer, TL Savage, JC AF Holzer, Thomas L. Savage, James C. TI Global Earthquake Fatalities and Population SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB Modem global earthquake fatalities can be separated into two components: (1) fatalities from an approximately constant annual background rate that is independent of world population growth and (2) fatalities caused by earthquakes with large human death tolls, the frequency of which is dependent on world population. Earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (and 50,000) have increased with world population and obey a nonstationary Poisson distribution with rate proportional to population. We predict that the number of earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (50,000) will increase in the 21st century to 8.7 +/- 3.3 (20.5 +/- 4.3) from 4 (7) observed in the 20th century if world population reaches 10.1 billion in 2100. Combining fatalities caused by the background rate with fatalities caused by catastrophic earthquakes (>100,000 fatalities) indicates global fatalities in the 21st century will be 2.57 +/- 0.64 million if the average post-1900 death toll for catastrophic earthquakes (193,000) is assumed. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000106] C1 [Holzer, Thomas L.; Savage, James C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 155 EP 175 DI 10.1193/1.4000106 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 095ET UT WOS:000315318200007 ER PT J AU Segou, M Voulgaris, N AF Segou, Margaret Voulgaris, Nicholas TI The Use of Stochastic Optimization in Ground Motion Prediction SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIPS; ACCELERATION; EARTHQUAKE; EQUATIONS; MODELS; SELECTION; RECORDS; GREECE AB In recent years stochastic optimization has become popular in modeling highly complex natural systems as opposed to traditional approaches, such as regression analysis. This paper tests the efficiency of regression analysis over mathematical optimization by evaluating the performance of stochastic (genetic algorithms, simulated annealing) and deterministic algorithms (nonlinear least squares, pattern search) in solving minimization problems. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of these solvers reveals that the implementation of genetic algorithms with initial population development, using Latin Hypercube sampling, outperformed other algorithms. Using the aforementioned solver, ground motion prediction equations are derived for the estimation of horizontal peak ground acceleration, velocity, and 5% damped spectral acceleration ordinates at discrete period estimators between 0.05 s and 2 s. Ground motion for stiff and soft soil sites is amplified by a constant factor with respect to rock site. These strong motion prediction equations are proposed for application in the range M4.5-M6.6 and for distances up to 150 km. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000098] C1 [Segou, Margaret; Voulgaris, Nicholas] Fac Geol & Geoenvironm, Dept Geophys Geotherm, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Segou, M (reprint author), USGS, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 325 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU Greek Scholarship Institute (IKY) FX The first author expresses sincere thanks to Dr. Boore for instructive comments during derivation of strong ground motion prediction equations using regression analysis. Many thanks also to Assistant Professor Tzanis for exchanging ideas regarding ground motion prediction equations applicability. This manuscript has been greatly improved after the recommendations of three anonymous reviewers. This research has been partly funded by the Greek Scholarship Institute (IKY). The authors would like to thank the responsible editor and three anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments, leading to the final edition of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 283 EP 308 DI 10.1193/1.4000098 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 095ET UT WOS:000315318200012 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, K Wald, DJ AF Jaiswal, Kishor Wald, David J. TI Estimating Economic Losses from Earthquakes Using an Empirical Approach SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB We extended the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) empirical fatality estimation methodology proposed by Jaiswal et al. (2009) to rapidly estimate economic losses after significant earthquakes worldwide. The requisite model inputs are shaking intensity estimates made by the Shake Map system, the spatial distribution of population available from the LandS can database, modern and historic country or sub-country population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, and economic loss data from Munich Re's historical earthquakes catalog. We developed a strategy to approximately scale GDP-based economic exposure for historical and recent earthquakes in order to estimate economic losses. The process consists of using a country-specific multiplicative factor to accommodate the disparity between economic exposure and the annual per capita GDP, and it has proven successful in hindcasting past losses. Although loss, population, shaking estimates, and economic data used in the calibration process are uncertain, approximate ranges of losses can be estimated for the primary purpose of gauging the overall scope of the disaster and coordinating response. The proposed methodology is both indirect and approximate and is thus best suited as a rapid loss estimation model for applications like the PAGER system. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000104] C1 [Jaiswal, Kishor; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Jaiswal, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. EM kjaiswal@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 FU GEM Foundation FX Munich Reinsurance's NatCat Service provided the economic loss data for earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2008. Other online data sources include the United Nations Statistical Service (UNSD), and the World Bank. David Perkins, Margaret Hopper, Nico Luco, and Jill McCarthy of USGS are thanked for their reviews. The GEMVEM project funded by the GEM Foundation provided partial support for this research work. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1193/1.4000104 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 095ET UT WOS:000315318200013 ER PT J AU Ives, SL Sullivan, PF Dial, R Berg, EE Welker, JM AF Ives, Susan L. Sullivan, Patrick F. Dial, Roman Berg, Edward E. Welker, Jeffrey M. TI CO2 exchange along a hydrologic gradient in the Kenai Lowlands, AK: feedback implications of wetland drying and vegetation succession SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; boreal; climate change; peatland; photosynthesis; respiration; winter ID BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; SUMMER TEMPERATURES; PENINSULA LOWLANDS; METHANE EMISSIONS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; VASCULAR PLANTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Boreal wetlands hold vast stocks of soil carbon (C), which may be vulnerable to changes in climate. In southcentral Alaska, wetlands of the Kenai Lowlands have experienced a warming and drying trend that has led to woody vegetation encroachment into herbaceous wetlands. We examined whether predicted higher rates of gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) would be offset by higher rates of ecosystem respiration (ER) in woody wetland communities. We measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in four communities along a hydrologic and vegetation gradient during (1) a warm and dry growing season, (2) a more typical cool and wet growing season and (3) the intervening winter. We fit simple GEP and ER models to our data and estimated annual NEE for each community using hourly measurements of photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature. We found that woody communities exhibited greater GEP than herbaceous communities under cool and moist conditions, but more similar GEP under warm and dry conditions. Woody communities also showed greater ER than herbaceous communities during all seasons, outpacing GEP during the warm and dry growing season. On an annual basis, we estimated that herbaceous communities were either net sinks or approximately CO2 neutral, ranging from 132 center dot 8 to 4 center dot 7g CO2Cm2y1. In contrast, woody communities were sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, ranging from 78 center dot 8 to 181 center dot 7g CO2Cm2y1. Our results suggest that the initial encroachment of woody vegetation into herbaceous wetlands will lead to a substantial loss of C, particularly if conditions continue to become warmer and drier. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ives, Susan L.; Dial, Roman] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick F.; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick F.; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Berg, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Ives, Susan L.] OASIS Environm Inc, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ives, SL (reprint author), OASIS Environm Inc, 825 W 8th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM s.ives@oasisenviro.com FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Program; National Science Foundation [ARC-0612534]; PFS [ANT-0528748, ARC-0909155] FX This project was supported by a US Fish and Wildlife Service Challenge Cost Share Program grant and grants from the National Science Foundation to JMW (ARC-0612534) and PFS (ANT-0528748 and ARC-0909155). We thank the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and staff for assistance with this project. The comments of an anonymous reviewer substantially improved an early draft of this article. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1002/eco.274 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 092HL UT WOS:000315110900005 ER PT J AU Mikkelson, KM Maxwell, RM Ferguson, I Stednick, JD McCray, JE Sharp, JO AF Mikkelson, K. M. Maxwell, R. M. Ferguson, I. Stednick, J. D. McCray, J. E. Sharp, J. O. TI Mountain pine beetle infestation impacts: modeling water and energy budgets at the hill-slope scale SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrology; mountain pine beetle; land-energy budget; modeling ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNOW ACCUMULATION; LAND-SURFACE; FOREST; VEGETATION; HYDROLOGY; BALANCE; FLOW; EPIDEMIC AB The mountain pine beetle (MPB) epidemic in western North America is generating growing concern associated with aesthetics, ecology, and forest and water resources. Given the substantial acreage of prematurely dying forests within Colorado and Wyoming (similar to two million acres in 2008), MPB infestations have the potential to significantly alter forest canopy, impacting several aspects of the local water and land-energy cycle. Hydrologic processes that may be influenced include canopy interception of precipitation and radiation, snow accumulation, melt and sublimation, soil infiltration and evapotranspiration. To investigate the changing hydrologic and energy regimes associated with MPB infestations, we used an integrated hydrologic model coupled with a land surface model to incorporate physical processes related to energy at the land surface. This platform was used to model hillslope-scale hydrology and land-energy changes throughout the phases of MPB infestation through modification of the physical parameterisation that accounts for alteration of stomatal resistance and leaf area indices. Our results demonstrate that MPB infested watersheds will experience a decrease in evapotranspiration, an increase in snow accumulation accompanied by earlier and faster snowmelt and associated increases in runoff volume and timing. Impacts are similar to those projected under climate change, yet with a systematically higher snowpack. These results have implications for water resource management because of higher tendencies for flooding in the spring and drought in the summer. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mikkelson, K. M.; McCray, J. E.; Sharp, J. O.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mikkelson, K. M.; Maxwell, R. M.; McCray, J. E.; Sharp, J. O.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Maxwell, R. M.; Ferguson, I.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ferguson, I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stednick, J. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mikkelson, KM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmikkels@mines.edu RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013; Sharp, Jonathan/A-4893-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441; Sharp, Jonathan/0000-0002-2942-1066 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91735401]; US Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program [RD-83438701-0] FX This research was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement No. FP91735401 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We wish to thank John Williams for his computational help using Parflow and Dr. Justin Lawrence for his insightful review that contributed to the clarity of this work. Although the research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program through Grant RD-83438701-0, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1002/eco.278 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 092HL UT WOS:000315110900007 ER PT J AU Robinson, JD Moyer, GR AF Robinson, John D. Moyer, Gregory R. TI Linkage disequilibrium and effective population size when generations overlap SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE age structure; computer simulations; effective number of breeders; LDNe; microsatellites; Nb; Ne; SPIP ID AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; GENETIC-MARKERS; N-E; EVOLUTION; PROGRAM AB Estimates of effective population size are critical for species of conservation concern. Genetic datasets can be used to provide robust estimates of this important parameter. However, the methods used to obtain these estimates assume that generations are discrete. We used simulated data to assess the influences of overlapping generations on the estimates of effective size provided by the linkage disequilibrium (LD) method. Our simulations focus on two factors: the degree of reproductive skew exhibited by the focal species and the generation time, without considering sample size or the level of polymorphism at marker loci. In situations where a majority of reproduction is achieved by a small fraction of the population, the effective number of breeders can be much smaller than the per-generation effective population size. The LD in samples of newborns can provide estimates of the former size, while our results indicate that the latter size is best estimated using random samples of reproductively mature adults. Using samples of adults, the downwards bias was less than approximately 15% across our simulated life histories. As noted in previous assessments, precision of the estimate depends on the magnitude of effective size itself, with greater precision achieved for small populations. C1 [Robinson, John D.; Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Robinson, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM robinson.johnd@gmail.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The authors would also like to thank E. Anderson for assistance with the SPIP simulation package and K. Robinson for helpful comments on early drafts of the manuscript. Additionally, two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the paper. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 290 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00289.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 093IJ UT WOS:000315184800012 PM 23798978 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, T Samuel, MD Bollinger, T Pybus, M Coltman, DW AF Matsumoto, Tomomi Samuel, Michael D. Bollinger, Trent Pybus, Margo Coltman, David W. TI Association mapping of genetic risk factors for chronic wasting disease in wild deer SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; genetic risk factor; linkage disequilibrium; microsatellite markers; mule deer; NF1; PRNP; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MULE DEER; PRION PROTEIN; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. We assessed the feasibility of association mapping CWD genetic risk factors in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using a panel of bovine microsatellite markers from three homologous deer linkage groups predicted to contain candidate genes. These markers had a low cross-species amplification rate (27.9%) and showed weak linkage disequilibrium (<1cM). Markers near the prion protein and the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) genes were suggestively associated with CWD status in white-tailed deer (P=0.006) and mule deer (P=0.02), respectively. This is the first time an association between the NF1 region and CWD has been reported. C1 [Matsumoto, Tomomi; Coltman, David W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Bollinger, Trent] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Pathol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Pybus, Margo] Alberta Sustainable Resource Dev, Div Fish & Wildlife, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Coltman, DW (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM dcoltman@ualberta.ca RI Coltman, David/A-4453-2012 OI Coltman, David/0000-0002-1268-2307 FU Alberta Prion Research Institute FX This study was funded by a Proof of Principle Grant from the Alberta Prion Research Institute. We appreciate the support and assistance provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, and Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. Special thanks to Mark Ball and Dave Moore from the Fish and Wildlife Division of Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, as well as local landowners, conservation officers, and hunters for cooperating in the collection and processing of deer samples. We also thank Corey Davis, Jocelyn Poissant, Catherine Cullingham, Brooke Johannes, Stacie Robinson, Josh Miller, Bill Clark, and Sophie Dang for providing assistance in the laboratory. Stephen Moore, Deborah McKenzie, and Judd Aiken provided valuable input to the project. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 340 EP 352 DI 10.1111/eva.12003 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 093IJ UT WOS:000315184800016 PM 23467626 ER PT J AU Lecumberri-Sanchez, P Newton, MC Westman, EC Kamilli, RJ Canby, VM Bodnar, RJ AF Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar Newton, M. Claiborne, III Westman, Erik C. Kamilli, Robert J. Canby, Vertrees M. Bodnar, Robert J. TI Temporal and spatial distribution of alteration, mineralization and fluid inclusions in the transitional high-sulfidation epithermal-porphyry copper system at Red Mountain, Arizona SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Zoning; Exploration; Patagonia; Advanced argillic; Pima County ID MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; ORE-DEPOSITS; AU DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION; GEOLOGY; EXPLORATION; MONTANA; GENESIS; MEXICO; BUTTE AB Red Mountain, Arizona, is a Laramide porphyry Cu system (PCD) that has experienced only a modest level of erosion compared to most other similar deposits in the southwestern United States. As a result, the upper portion of the magmatic-hydrothermal system, which represents the transition from shallower high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization to deeper porphyry Cu mineralization, is well preserved. Within the Red Mountain system, alteration, mineralization and fluid inclusion assemblages show a systematic distribution in both time and space. Early-potassic alteration (characterized by the minerals biotite and magnetite) is paragenetically earlier than late-potassic alteration (K-feldspar-anhydrite) and both are followed by later phyllic (sericite-pyrite) alteration. Advanced argillic alteration (pyrophyllite-alunite-other clay minerals) is thought to be coeval with or postdate phyllic alteration. Minerals characteristic of advanced argillic alteration are present in the near surface. Phyllic alteration extends to greater depths compared to advanced argillic alteration. Early-potassic and late-potassic alteration are only observed in the deepest part of the system. Considerable overlap of phyllic alteration with both early-potassic and late-potassic alteration zones is observed. The hypogene mineralization contains 0.4-1.2% Cu and is spatially and temporally related to the late-potassic alteration event. Molybdenum concentration is typically <300 ppm but positive anomalies (between 600 and 1200 ppm) occur, and typically correlate with the zones of higher Cu grades. Silver and Au range up to 50 ppm and 1 ppm, respectively, and mostly occur in the deeper parts of the system. Individual assays of up to 18 ppm Au and 274 ppm Ag in the shallower part of the system are interpreted to be associated with areas of highly focused fluid flow (i.e., breccias and thick veins). A near-surface, discontinuous chalcocite blanket is represented by scattered Cu anomalies within the mixed oxide/sulfide zone and its discontinuous nature may reflect differential permeability along fractures and faults. In the deepest part of the system, an early generation of low-to-moderate density and salinity liquid + vapor inclusions with opaque daughter minerals is followed in time by halite-bearing inclusions that also contain opaque daughter minerals indicating that an early intermediate-density magmatic fluid evolved to a high-density, high-salinity mineralizing fluid. The increase in density and salinity of fluids with time observed in the deeper parts of the system may be the result of immiscibility ("boiling") of the earlier magmatic fluids or may reflect the compositional evolution of fluids that exsolved from the magma. Trails of inclusions consisting of only vapor-rich inclusions are common in the shallow parts of the system, and are associated with advanced argillic alteration, suggesting that intense boiling ("flashing") occurred at (or below) this level. Fluid inclusion assemblages consisting of coexisting vapor-rich and halite-bearing inclusions are observed in samples extending from the surface to the upper part of the late-potassic zone, indicating that fluid immiscibility occurred within this depth interval. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar; Bodnar, Robert J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Newton, M. Claiborne, III] Gustavson Associates LLC, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Westman, Erik C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Min Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kamilli, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Canby, Vertrees M.] Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. RP Lecumberri-Sanchez, P (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pilar@vt.edu FU US National Science Foundation [EAR-1019770] FX We thank the late Russ Corn, Verl Smith, and Fleetwood Koutz for their help in interpreting drill logs. Chuck Winters, Brad Atkinson, Bart Jordan and Maptek staff provided access and training in the three-dimensional and geostatistical modeling software. Fred Graybeal provided valuable insights concerning the general geology and structural setting of Red Mountain. We thank Maurice Chaffee for his detailed and thorough comments. Detailed comments and suggestions on an earlier draft by Spence Titley and an anonymous reviewer significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. Much of the work described here was completed while PL-S was a visiting researcher working in the laboratory of Dr. Volker Luders at the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany. This paper is based upon work supported by the US National Science Foundation under grant no. EAR-1019770 to RJB. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 125 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.11.017 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 090XY UT WOS:000315014500008 ER PT J AU Van Vuren, DH Bray, MP Heltzel, JM AF Van Vuren, Dirk H. Bray, Martin P. Heltzel, Jeannie M. TI Differential investment in twin offspring by female pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; bet hedging; body mass; fawn survival; maternal investment; pronghorn; sex-biased investment; win-stay strategy ID METABOLIC INDICATORS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; SURVIVAL; FAWNS; HABITAT; PREDATION; MINNESOTA; ANTELOPE; ALBERTA; SHEEP AB Differential investment in offspring has been reported for many mammals, often in the context of the Trivers-Willard model of male-biased investment, but evidence of differential investment in pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) is largely lacking. We assessed the causes and consequences of different birth masses of littermate fawns in a pronghorn population in Oregon. The mass differential for co-twins ranged from 0% to 89% (median =8.35%). Male-biased investment explained the mass differential in opposite-sex litters but not same-sex litters. The mass differential did not result from mothers producing 1 normal-size fawn and 1 runt fawn, and the smaller fawn was not deficient in physiological condition. Only 29% of fawns survived to 8 weeks and both fawns died in 56% of litters, but co-twin mortalities were largely separate events. Mass did not confer a survival advantage when considering all fawns through age 8 weeks, but there was evidence of such an advantage when comparing fawns within litters before age 18 days. Differential investment in fawns might be a bet-hedging strategy in which the mother accepts a lower expected reproductive success in exchange for a lower variance, but neither the mean nor the variance differed between mothers of different-size (>8.35% mass differential) and similar-size (<8.35%) litters. In fact, there was evidence of increased reproductive success for mothers of different-size litters, much of which stemmed from higher survival 4-6 days after birth. Having different-size fawns reduced the chances of sequential mortality, in which a predator killed one fawn then returned to kill the other. C1 [Van Vuren, Dirk H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bray, Martin P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hart Mt Natl Antelope Refuge, Plush, OR 97637 USA. [Heltzel, Jeannie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Van Vuren, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dhvanvuren@ucdavis.edu FU Oregon Hunters Association (Medford Chapter); Order of the Antelope FX We thank M. Dunbar, C. Foster, M. Hedrick, J. Jaeger, S. Kahre, D. Leehmann, M. Nunn, D. Poole, R. Poole, G. Reynolds, C. Scott, and G. Woods for their assistance during fieldwork, and the Oregon Hunters Association (Medford Chapter) and the Order of the Antelope for financial support. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-107.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 095WY UT WOS:000315366900016 ER PT J AU Morano, S Stewart, KM Sedinger, JS Nicolai, CA Vavra, M AF Morano, Sabrina Stewart, Kelley M. Sedinger, James S. Nicolai, Christopher A. Vavra, Martin TI Life-history strategies of North American elk: trade-offs associated with reproduction and survival SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; fitness; life-history strategy; multistate mark-recapture technique; recruitment; reproductive costs; resource allocation; risk-sensitivity; transition probability; ungulates ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; RED DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; AUTUMN NUTRITION; MODEL SELECTION; CAPITAL BREEDER AB The principle of energy allocation states that individuals should attempt to maximize fitness by allocating resources optimally among growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Such allocation may result in trade-offs between survival and reproduction, or between current and future reproduction. We used a marked population of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) to determine how energetic costs of reproduction in the current year affect survival and reproduction in the subsequent year. Using a multistate mark recapture model we examined the influence of individual and environmental variation on trade-offs between these 2 life-history traits. We observed no difference in survival probabilities between pregnant and nonpregnant individuals or as a function of recruiting an offspring. Nonetheless, there was a negative effect of recruiting an offspring in the current year on becoming pregnant the following year. Increased body condition, and higher precipitation, contributed to greater probabilities of becoming pregnant in a particular year regardless of reproductive state and previous recruitment. Costs associated with reproduction led to a reduced probability of future reproduction rather than a reduction in survival. These findings are consistent with risk-sensitive reproductive allocation, where adult survival is maintained through variation in reproductive effort resulting in high and stable adult survival and more-variable reproduction. C1 [Morano, Sabrina; Stewart, Kelley M.; Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Vavra, Martin] Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Morano, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St MS186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM smorano@cabnr.unr.edu FU Starkey Project; Pacific Northwest Field Station; United States Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at the University of Nevada Reno FX We appreciate the assistance of Starkey Project personnel, especially those involved with collection of data and handling animals, particularly B. L. Dick and R. Kennedy. Also a special thanks to E. Blomberg for his assistance with data analysis and interpretation. R. T. Bowyer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Starkey Project, Pacific Northwest Field Station, United States Forest Service, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation. Support for this project was provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science at the University of Nevada Reno. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 93 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-074.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 095WY UT WOS:000315366900017 ER PT J AU Sargis, EJ Woodman, N Reese, AT Olson, LE AF Sargis, Eric J. Woodman, Neal Reese, Aspen T. Olson, Link E. TI Using hand proportions to test taxonomic boundaries within the Tupaia glis species complex (Scandentia, Tupaiidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE digits; manus; morphology; postcranium; rays; skeleton; Southeast Asia; treeshrews ID COMMON TREE SHREW; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; TREESHREWS MAMMALIA; SORICIDAE; PLESIADAPIFORMS; DIVERSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; GUATEMALA; CRYPTOTIS AB Treeshrews (order Scandentia) comprise 2 families of squirrel-sized terrestrial, arboreal, and scansorial mammals distributed throughout much of tropical South and Southeast Asia. The last comprehensive taxonomic revision of treeshrews was published in 1913, and a well-supported phylogeny clarifying relationships among all currently recognized extant species within the order has only recently been published. Within the family Tupaiidae, 2 widely distributed species, the northern treeshrew, Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841), and the common treeshrew, T. glis (Diard, 1820), represent a particularly vexing taxonomic complex. These 2 species are currently distinguished primarily based on their respective distributions north and south of the Isthmus of Kra on the Malay Peninsula and on their different mammae counts. This problematic species complex includes 54 published synonyms, many of which represent putative island endemics. The widespread T. glis and T. belangeri collectively comprise a monophyletic assemblage representing the sister lineage to a clade composed of the golden-bellied treeshrew, T. chrysogaster Miller, 1903 (Mentawai Islands), and the long-footed treeshrew, T. longipes (Thomas, 1893) (Borneo). As part of a morphological investigation of the T. glis T. belangeri complex, we studied the proportions of hand bones, which have previously been shown to be useful in discriminating species of soricids (true shrews). We measured 38 variables from digital X-ray images of 148 museum study skins representing several subspecies of T. glis, T. belangeri, T. chrysogaster, and T. longipes and analyzed these data using principal components and cluster analyses. Manus proportions among these 4 species readily distinguish them, particularly in the cases of T. chrysogaster and T. longipes. We then tested the distinctiveness of several of the populations comprising T. glis and T. longipes. T. longipes longipes and T. l. salatana Lyon, 1913, are distinguishable from each other, and populations of T. "glis" from Bangka Island and Sumatra are distinct from those on the Malay Peninsula, supporting the recognition of T. salatana, T. discolor Lyon, 1906, and T. ferruginea Raffles, 1821 as distinct species in Indonesia. These relatively small, potentially vulnerable treeshrew populations occur in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot and will require additional study to determine their appropriate conservation status. C1 [Sargis, Eric J.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sargis, Eric J.; Reese, Aspen T.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sargis, Eric J.; Reese, Aspen T.] Yale Peabody Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Olson, Link E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sargis, EJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, POB 208277, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.sargis@yale.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542532/0542725]; Alaska EPSCoR grant; United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0542532/0542725 and an Alaska EPSCoR grant to EJS and LEO. Additional support was provided to NW from the United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We are grateful to S. Raredon, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, USNM, for help with the digital X-ray system. This manuscript was completed when LEO was supported by an Edward P. Bass Distinguished Visiting Environmental Scholarship from the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. We thank R. M. Timm and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 183 EP 201 DI 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-343.1 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 095WY UT WOS:000315366900019 ER PT J AU Johnson, CJ Gilbert, PUPA Abrecht, M Baldwin, KL Russell, RE Pedersen, JA Aiken, JM McKenzie, D AF Johnson, Christopher J. Gilbert, P. U. P. A. Abrecht, Mike Baldwin, Katherine L. Russell, Robin E. Pedersen, Joel A. Aiken, Judd M. McKenzie, Debbie TI Low Copper and High Manganese Levels in Prion Protein Plaques SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; X-ray photoemission; copper; manganese; prion; brain ID DISEASE; SCRAPIE; BINDING; ENCEPHALOPATHY; IMBALANCE; ONSET; BLOOD; MODEL; PEEM; ZINC AB Accumulation of aggregates rich in an abnormally folded form of the prion protein characterize the neurodegeneration caused by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The molecular triggers of plaque formation and neurodegeneration remain unknown, but analyses of TSE-infected brain homogenates and preparations enriched for abnormal prion protein suggest that reduced levels of copper and increased levels of manganese are associated with disease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess copper and manganese levels in healthy and TSE-infected Syrian hamster brain homogenates; (2) determine if the distribution of these metals can be mapped in TSE-infected brain tissue using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) with synchrotron radiation; and (3) use X-PEEM to assess the relative amounts of copper and manganese in prion plaques in situ. In agreement with studies of other TSEs and species, we found reduced brain levels of copper and increased levels of manganese associated with disease in our hamster model. We also found that the in situ levels of these metals in brainstem were sufficient to image by X-PEEM. Using immunolabeled prion plaques in directly adjacent tissue sections to identify regions to image by X-PEEM, we found a statistically significant relationship of copper-manganese dysregulation in prion plaques: copper was depleted whereas manganese was enriched. These data provide evidence for prion plaques altering local transition metal distribution in the TSE-infected central nervous system. C1 [Johnson, Christopher J.; Russell, Robin E.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Gilbert, P. U. P. A.; Abrecht, Mike] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baldwin, Katherine L.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aiken, Judd M.] Univ Alberta, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, AFNS, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. [McKenzie, Debbie] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Prions & Prot Folding Dis, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov; pupa@physics.wisc.edu; mike.abrecht@comet.ch; klbaldwin@wisc.edu; rerussell@usgs.gov; joelpedersen@wisc.edu; judd.aiken@ualberta.ca; debbie.mckenzie@ualberta.ca RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009; McKenzie, Debbie/G-4459-2015; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010; OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; McKenzie, Debbie/0000-0002-9291-6977; Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099; Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU Department of Defense [DAMD17-03-1-0369, DAMD17-03-1-0294]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0613972, DMR-0613972, PHY-0646018, DMR-0537588] FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We thank Victoria Tuen and Allen Herbst for technical assistance, Roger Hansen for constructing the UV-ozone ashing chamber and J. Christian Franson for his helpful comments. This research was supported by Department of Defense grants DAMD17-03-1-0369 and DAMD17-03-1-0294 and National Science Foundation grants CHE&DMR-0613972 and PHY-0646018. The Synchrotron Radiation Center is supported by National Science Foundation award DMR-0537588. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.3390/v5020654 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 096HH UT WOS:000315394300011 PM 23435237 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Timonen, HJ Jaffe, DA Griffin, DW Birmele, MN Perry, KD Ward, PD Roberts, MS AF Smith, David J. Timonen, Hilkka J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Griffin, Dale W. Birmele, Michele N. Perry, Kevin D. Ward, Peter D. Roberts, Michael S. TI Intercontinental Dispersal of Bacteria and Archaea by Transpacific Winds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; DESERT DUST; DIVERSITY; TRANSPORT; MICROARRAY; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS AB Microorganisms are abundant in the upper atmosphere, particularly downwind of arid regions, where winds can mobilize large amounts of topsoil and dust. However, the challenge of collecting samples from the upper atmosphere and reliance upon culture-based characterization methods have prevented a comprehensive understanding of globally dispersed airborne microbes. In spring 2011 at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory in North America (2.8 km above sea level), we captured enough microbial biomass in two transpacific air plumes to permit a microarray analysis using 16S rRNA genes. Thousands of distinct bacterial taxa spanning a wide range of phyla and surface environments were detected before, during, and after each Asian long-range transport event. Interestingly, the transpacific plumes delivered higher concentrations of taxa already in the background air (particularly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes). While some bacterial families and a few marine archaea appeared for the first and only time during the plumes, the microbial community compositions were similar, despite the unique transport histories of the air masses. It seems plausible, when coupled with atmospheric modeling and chemical analysis, that microbial biogeography can be used to pinpoint the source of intercontinental dust plumes. Given the degree of richness measured in our study, the overall contribution of Asian aerosols to microbial species in North American air warrants additional investigation. C1 [Smith, David J.; Ward, Peter D.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Timonen, Hilkka J.; Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Sci & Technol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Birmele, Michele N.; Roberts, Michael S.] NASA Kennedy Space Ctr, ESC Team QNA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Perry, Kevin D.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM djsone@uw.edu RI Timonen, Hilkka/M-8141-2014 OI Timonen, Hilkka/0000-0002-7987-7985 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) at the University of Washington (UW) Astrobiology Program; National Geographic Society Waitt Grants Program [W177-11]; NASA Astrobiology Institute Director's Discretionary Fund; Virtual Planetary Lab at UW; NSF [ATM-0724327] FX Research funding was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) at the University of Washington (UW) Astrobiology Program, the National Geographic Society Waitt Grants Program (W177-11), the NASA Astrobiology Institute Director's Discretionary Fund, and the Virtual Planetary Lab at UW. NSF grant ATM-0724327 funded the MBO atmospheric chemistry measurements. NR 26 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 85 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1139 DI 10.1128/AEM.03029-12 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089EE UT WOS:000314891500009 PM 23220959 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Muller, LK Russell, RE O'Connor, M Lindner, DL Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Muller, Laura K. Russell, Robin E. O'Connor, Michael Lindner, Daniel L. Blehert, David S. TI Distribution and Environmental Persistence of the Causative Agent of White-Nose Syndrome, Geomyces destructans, in Bat Hibernacula of the Eastern United States SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL PATHOGEN; SPREAD; ORIGIN AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by the recently described fungus Geomyces destructans. First isolated in 2008, the origins of this fungus in North America and its ability to persist in the environment remain undefined. To investigate the correlation between manifestation of WNS and distribution of G. destructans in the United States, we analyzed sediment samples collected from 55 bat hibernacula (caves and mines) both within and outside the known range of WNS using a newly developed real-time PCR assay. Geomyces destructans was detected in 17 of 21 sites within the known range of WNS at the time when the samples were collected; the fungus was not found in 28 sites beyond the known range of the disease at the time when environmental samples were collected. These data indicate that the distribution of G. destructans is correlated with disease in hibernating bats and support the hypothesis that the fungus is likely an exotic species in North America. Additionally, we examined whether G. destructans persists in infested bat hibernacula when bats are absent. Sediment samples were collected from 14 WNS-positive hibernacula, and the samples were screened for viable fungus by using a culture technique. Viable G. destructans was cultivated from 7 of the 14 sites sampled during late summer, when bats were no longer in hibernation, suggesting that the fungus can persist in the environment in the absence of bat hosts for long periods of time. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muller, Laura K.; Russell, Robin E.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [O'Connor, Michael] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Mycol Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Lorch, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmlorch@wisc.edu; dblehert@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU National Speleological Society; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the National Speleological Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 158 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1301 DI 10.1128/AEM.02939-12 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089EE UT WOS:000314891500026 PM 23241985 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Stelzer, EA Brady, AMG Huitger, C Bushon, RN Ip, HS Ware, MW Villegas, EN Gallardo, V Lindquist, HDA AF Francy, Donna S. Stelzer, Erin A. Brady, Amie M. G. Huitger, Carrie Bushon, Rebecca N. Ip, Hon S. Ware, Michael W. Villegas, Eric N. Gallardo, Vicente Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Comparison of Filters for Concentrating Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Lake Water Samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTRATION; DEAD-END ULTRAFILTRATION; TRANSCRIPTASE PCR ASSAY; ELECTROPOSITIVE FILTER; SIMULTANEOUS RECOVERY; HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES; DIVERSE MICROBES; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; LARGE VOLUMES AB Bacterial indicators are used to indicate increased health risk from pathogens and to make beach closure and advisory decisions; however, beaches are seldom monitored for the pathogens themselves. Studies of sources and types of pathogens at beaches are needed to improve estimates of swimming-associated health risks. It would be advantageous and cost-effective, especially for studies conducted on a regional scale, to use a method that can simultaneously filter and concentrate all classes of pathogens from the large volumes of water needed to detect pathogens. In seven recovery experiments, stock cultures of viruses and protozoa were seeded into 10-liter lake water samples, and concentrations of naturally occurring bacterial indicators were used to determine recoveries. For the five filtration methods tested, the highest median recoveries were as follows: glass wool for adenovirus (4.7%); NanoCeram for enterovirus (14.5%) and MS2 coliphage (84%); continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) plus Virocap (CFC+ViroCap) for Escherichia coli (68.3%) and Cryptosporidium (54%); automatic ultrafiltration (UF) for norovirus GII (2.4%); and dead-end UF for Enterococcus faecalis (80.5%), avian influenza virus (0.02%), and Giardia (57%). In evaluating filter performance in terms of both recovery and variability, the automatic UF resulted in the highest recovery while maintaining low variability for all nine microorganisms. The automatic UF was used to demonstrate that filtration can be scaled up to field deployment and the collection of 200-liter lake water samples. C1 [Francy, Donna S.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Brady, Amie M. G.; Huitger, Carrie; Bushon, Rebecca N.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Ware, Michael W.; Villegas, Eric N.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gallardo, Vicente; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015; OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Marine Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX Support for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Marine Program, and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1342 EP 1352 DI 10.1128/AEM.03117-12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 089EE UT WOS:000314891500032 PM 23263948 ER PT J AU Briggs, RW Wesnousky, SG Brune, JN Purvance, MD Mahan, SA AF Briggs, Richard W. Wesnousky, Steven G. Brune, James N. Purvance, Matthew D. Mahan, Shannon A. TI Low Footwall Accelerations and Variable Surface Rupture Behavior on the Fort Sage Mountains Fault, Northeast California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PRECARIOUSLY BALANCED ROCKS; EXTENSIONAL TECTONIC REGIMES; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POINT MEASUREMENTS; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MOJAVE DESERT; EARTHQUAKES AB The Fort Sage Mountains fault zone is a normal fault in the Walker Lane of the western Basin and Range that produced a small surface rupture (<20 cm) during an M-L 5.6 earthquake in 1950. We investigate the paleoseismic history of the Fort Sage fault and find evidence for two paleoearthquakes with surface displacements much larger than those observed in 1950. Rupture of the Fort Sage fault similar to 5.6 ka resulted in surface displacements of at least 0.8-1.5 m, implying earthquake moment magnitudes (M-w) of 6.7-7.1. An older rupture at similar to 20.5 ka displaced the ground at least 1.5 m, implying an earthquake of M-w 6.8-7.1. A field of precariously balanced rocks (PBRs) is located less than 1 km from the surface-rupture trace of this Holocene-active normal fault. Ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) predict peak ground accelerations (PGAs) of 0.2-0.3g for the 1950 rupture and 0.3-0.5g for the similar to 5.6 ka paleoearthquake one kilometer from the fault-surface trace, yet field tests indicate that the Fort Sage PBRs will be toppled by PGAs between 0.1-0.3g. We discuss the paleoseismic history of the Fort Sage fault in the context of the nearby PBRs, GMPEs, and probabilistic seismic hazard maps for extensional regimes. If the Fort Sage PBRs are older than the mid-Holocene rupture on the Fort Sage fault zone, this implies that current GMPEs may overestimate near-fault footwall ground motions at this site. C1 [Briggs, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wesnousky, Steven G.] Univ Nevada, Ctr Neotecton Studies, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Brune, James N.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Purvance, Matthew D.] Itasca Consulting Grp, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Briggs, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013; OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU external grants program of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) FX Anthony Crone, Steve Personius, Ryan Gold, Senthil Kumar, and Andrew Barron assisted with fieldwork. Ted and Alan Ramelli graciously provided the surface rupture photos in Figure 2. Chris Wills kindly provided the aerial photo used in Figure 3 and discussed the insights he gained from mapping the fault. Kenneth Adams helped clarify the Lake Lahontan highstand elevation at the site. Radiocarbon analyses were carried out by the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This work was supported by the external grants program of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Thoughtful reviews by Ryan Gold, Anthony Crone, Mark Stirling, and Richard Koehler greatly improved the manuscript. Center for Neotectonic Studies Contribution #63. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1785/0120110313 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700010 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JB Boatwright, J AF Fletcher, Jon B. Boatwright, John TI Site Response and Basin Waves in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTARY BASINS; GROUND MOTIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; DENSE ARRAY; EARTHQUAKE; MICROTREMORS; PROPAGATION; AFTERSHOCKS; FRANCISCO AB The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is an inland delta at the western extent of the Central Valley. Levees were built around swampy islands starting after the Civil War to reclaim these lands for farming. Various studies show that these levees could fail in concert from shaking from a major local or regional earthquake resulting in salty water from the San Francisco Bay contaminating the water in the Delta. We installed seismographs around the Delta and on levees to assess the contribution of site response to the seismic hazard of the levees. Cone penetrometer testing shows that the upper 10 s of meters of soil in the Delta have shear-wave velocities of about 200 m/s, which would give a strong site response. Seismographs were sited following two strategies: pairs of stations to compare the response of the levees to nearby sites, and a more regional deployment in the Delta. Site response was determined in two different ways: a traditional spectral ratio (TSR) approach of S waves using station BDM of the Berkeley Digital Seismic Net as a reference site, and using SH/SV ratios of noise (or Nakamura's method). Both estimates usually agree in spectral character for stations whose response is dominated by a resonant peak, but the most obvious peaks in the SH/SV ratios usually are about two-thirds as large as the main peaks in the TSRs. Levee sites typically have large narrow resonances in the site response function compared to sites in the farmland of the Delta. These resonances, at a frequency of about 1-3 Hz, have amplitudes of about 15 with TSR and 10-12 with Nakamura's method. Sites on farmland in the Delta also have amplifications, but these are typically broader and not as resonant in appearance. Late (slow) Rayleigh waves were recorded at stations in the Delta, have a dominant period of about one second, and are highly monochromatic. Results from a three-station array at the Holland Marina suggest that they have a phase velocity of about 600 m/s and arrive at about the same azimuth as the straight-line back azimuth to the source. A dispersion curve determined for the basin or valley waves yields a shallow velocity profile that increases from about 350 m/s in the upper 0.2 km to about 1.1 km/s at a depth of about 2 km. C1 [Fletcher, Jon B.; Boatwright, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 196 EP 210 DI 10.1785/0120110347 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700013 ER PT J AU Baltay, AS Hanks, TC Beroza, GC AF Baltay, Annemarie S. Hanks, Thomas C. Beroza, Gregory C. TI Stable Stress-Drop Measurements and their Variability: Implications for Ground-Motion Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; TECTONIC STRESS; SOURCE SPECTRA; SAN-FERNANDO; EARTHQUAKE; MODELS; JAPAN; ACCELERATION AB We estimate the a(rms)-stress drop Delta sigma-a(rms), (Hanks, 1979) using acceleration time records of 59 earthquakes from two earthquake sequences in eastern Honshu, Japan. These acceleration-based static stress drops compare well to stress drops calculated for the same events by Baltay et al. (2011) using an empirical Green's function (eGf) approach. This agreement supports the assumption that earthquake acceleration time histories in the bandwidth between the corner frequency and a maximum observed frequency can be considered white, Gaussian, noise. Although the Delta sigma-a(rms) is computationally simpler than the eGf-based f(c)-M-0-stress drop, and is used as the "stress parameter" to describe the earthquake source in ground-motion prediction equations, we find that it only compares well to the Delta sigma-eGf at source-station distances of similar to 20 km or less because there is no consideration of whole-path anelastic attenuation or scattering. In these circumstances, the correlation between the Delta sigma-eGf and Delta sigma-a(rms) is strong. Events with high and low stress drops obtained through the eGf method have similarly high and low Delta sigma-a(rms). We find that the inter-event standard deviation of stress drop, for the population of earthquakes considered, is similar for both methods, 0.40 for the Delta sigma-eGf method and 0.42 for the Delta sigma-a(rms), in log(10) units, provided we apply the similar to 20 km distance restriction to Delta sigma-a(rms). This indicates that the observed variability is inherent to the source, rather than attributable to uncertainties in stress-drop estimates. C1 [Baltay, Annemarie S.; Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hanks, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Baltay, AS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); NSF [EAR-0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008]; Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship; Pacific Gas and Electric FX The authors thank David Boore, Art McGarr, Ralph Archuleta, and an anonymous reviewer, whose thorough comments greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1519. A. Baltay was partially supported at Stanford by a Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship, as well as through financial support from Pacific Gas and Electric. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1785/0120120161 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700014 ER PT J AU Bauer, K Ryberg, T Fuis, GS Luth, S AF Bauer, Klaus Ryberg, Trond Fuis, Gary S. Lueth, Stefan TI Seismic Imaging of the Waltham Canyon Fault, California: Comparison of Ray-Theoretical and Fresnel Volume Prestack Depth Migration SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; REFLECTION DATA; PARKFIELD AB Near-vertical faults can be imaged using reflected refractions identified in controlled-source seismic data. Often theses phases are observed on a few neighboring shot or receiver gathers, resulting in a low-fold data set. Imaging can be carried out with Kirchhoff prestack depth migration in which migration noise is suppressed by constructive stacking of large amounts of multifold data. Fresnel volume migration can be used for low-fold data without severe migration noise, as the smearing along isochrones is limited to the first Fresnel zone around the reflection point. We developed a modified Fresnel volume migration technique to enhance imaging of steep faults and to suppress noise and undesired coherent phases. The modifications include target-oriented filters to separate reflected refractions from steep-dipping faults and reflections with hyperbolic moveout. Undesired phases like multiple reflections, mode conversions, direct P and S waves, and surface waves are suppressed by these filters. As an alternative approach, we developed a new prestack line-drawing migration method, which can be considered as a proxy to an infinite frequency approximation of the Fresnel volume migration. The line-drawing migration is not considering waveform information but requires significantly shorter computational time. Target-oriented filters were extended by dip filters in the line-drawing migration method. The migration methods were tested with synthetic data and applied to real data from the Waltham Canyon fault, California. The two techniques are applied best in combination, to design filters and to generate complementary images of steep faults. C1 [Bauer, Klaus; Ryberg, Trond; Lueth, Stefan] Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsch GeoForsch Zentrum GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Fuis, Gary S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bauer, K (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsch GeoForsch Zentrum GFZ, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM klaus@gfz-potsdam.de; trond@gfz-potsdam.de; fuis@usgs.gov; stefan.lueth@gfz-potsdam.de RI Ryberg, Trond/H-4329-2013; Bauer, Klaus/B-3325-2014; OI Ryberg, Trond/0000-0001-7129-5596; Bauer, Klaus/0000-0002-7777-2653; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 340 EP 352 DI 10.1785/0120110338 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700025 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Mendoza, C Ramirez-Guzman, L Zeng, YH Mooney, W AF Hartzell, Stephen Mendoza, Carlos Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo Zeng, Yuehua Mooney, Walter TI Rupture History of the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake: Evaluation of Separate and Joint Inversions of Geodetic, Teleseismic, and Strong-Motion Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND-MOTION; DENALI FAULT; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; SIMULATION; MODELS; KUNLUN; INSAR; GPS AB An extensive data set of teleseismic and strong-motion waveforms and geodetic offsets is used to study the rupture history of the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake. A linear multiple-time-window approach is used to parameterize the rupture. Because of the complexity of the Wenchuan faulting, three separate planes are used to represent the rupturing surfaces. This earthquake clearly demonstrates the strengths and limitations of geodetic, teleseismic, and strong-motion data sets. Geodetic data (static offsets) are valuable for determining the distribution of shallower slip but are insensitive to deeper faulting and reveal nothing about the timing of slip. Teleseismic data in the distance range 30 degrees-90 degrees generally involve no modeling difficulties because of simple ray paths and can distinguish shallow from deep slip. Teleseismic data, however, cannot distinguish between different slip scenarios when multiple fault planes are involved because steep takeoff angles lead to ambiguity in timing. Local strong-motion data, on the other hand, are ideal for determining the direction of rupture from directivity but can easily be over modeled with inaccurate Green's functions, leading to misinterpretation of the slip distribution. We show that all three data sets are required to give an accurate description of the Wenchuan rupture. The moment is estimated to be approximately 1.0 x 10(21) N.m with the slip characterized by multiple large patches with slips up to 10 m. Rupture initiates on the southern end of the Pengguan fault and proceeds unilaterally to the northeast. Upon reaching the cross-cutting Xiaoyudong fault, rupture of the adjacent Beichuan fault starts at this juncture and proceeds bilaterally to the northeast and southwest. C1 [Hartzell, Stephen; Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico. [Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ingn, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Mooney, Walter] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA) FX The authors are grateful to Zheng-Kang Shen for providing the geodetic data. The strong-motion data were generously provided by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin, China, director Wen Ruizhi (current director Sun Bai-Tao). The authors thank Chen Ji for his local velocity model. Richard Dart assisted with the Geographic information system (GIS) figures. The manuscript was improved by comments from Arthur Frankel, Martin Mai, and an anonymous reviewer. The work was completed while one of the authors (C.M.) was on a sabbatical leave sponsored by the Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA). NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 353 EP 370 DI 10.1785/0120120108 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700026 ER PT J AU Hardebeck, JL AF Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Geometry and Earthquake Potential of the Shoreline Fault, Central California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; HAYWARD FAULT; RUPTURE; MAGNITUDE; DISPLACEMENT; SEISMICITY; BEHAVIOR AB The Shoreline fault is a vertical strike-slip fault running along the coastline near San Luis Obispo, California. Much is unknown about the Shoreline fault, including its slip rate and the details of its geometry. Here, I study the geometry of the Shoreline fault at seismogenic depth, as well as the adjacent section of the offshore Hosgri fault, using seismicity relocations and earthquake focal mechanisms. The Optimal Anisotropic Dynamic Clustering (OADC) algorithm (Ouillon et al., 2008) is used to objectively identify the simplest planar fault geometry that fits all of the earthquakes to within their location uncertainty. The OADC results show that the Shoreline fault is a single continuous structure that connects to the Hosgri fault. Discontinuities smaller than about 1 km may be undetected, but would be too small to be barriers to earthquake rupture. The Hosgri fault dips steeply to the east, while the Shoreline fault is essentially vertical, so the Hosgri fault dips towards and under the Shoreline fault as the two faults approach their intersection. The focal mechanisms generally agree with pure right-lateral strike-slip on the OADC planes, but suggest a non-planar Hosgri fault or another structure underlying the northern Shoreline fault. The Shoreline fault most likely transfers strike-slip motion between the Hosgri fault and other faults of the Pacific-North America plate boundary system to the east. A hypothetical earthquake rupturing the entire known length of the Shoreline fault would have a moment magnitude of 6.4-6.8. A hypothetical earthquake rupturing the Shoreline fault and the section of the Hosgri fault north of the Hosgri-Shoreline junction would have a moment magnitude of 7.2-7.5. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hardebeck, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhardebeck@usgs.gov OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780 FU USGS/PG&E Cooperative Research and Development Agreement FX I thank Janet Watt, Bob Simpson, Andy Michael, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. I am grateful to Stephan Husen for helpful suggestions on how to estimate earthquake location uncertainty from synthetic data, and for ideas about modifications to the OADC algorithm. I thank the staffs of the CISN and the CCSN for collecting and providing the earthquake waveforms and phase data, and Haijiang Zhang and Felix Waldhauser for making their earthquake relocation codes available. This research was funded in part by the USGS/PG&E Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 447 EP 462 DI 10.1785/0120120175 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700033 ER PT J AU Sumy, DF Gaherty, JB Kim, WY Diehl, T Collins, JA AF Sumy, Danielle F. Gaherty, James B. Kim, Won-Young Diehl, Tobias Collins, John A. TI The Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Faulting in the Southern Gulf of California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH AMERICA MOTION; OCEANIC TRANSFORM FAULTS; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; LOS-CABOS REGION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC PLATE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; KINEMATIC MODELS; UNITED-STATES AB Accurate earthquake locations and their focal mechanisms can illuminate the distribution and mode of deformation at rifted continental margins. The Pacific-North America (Pa-NA) plate boundary within the Gulf of California (GoC) provides an excellent opportunity to explore the evolution and kinematics of rifting, as continental extension in the north transitions to seafloor spreading in the south. From October 2005 to October 2006, an array of eight four-component ocean-bottom seismographs deployed in the GoC recorded seismicity as part of the Sea of Cortez Ocean-Bottom Array (SCOOBA) experiment. By combining the data with those from the onshore Network of Autonomously Recording Seismographs (NARS)-Baja array, we detect and locate similar to 700 earthquakes (M-w 2.2-6.6) mainly along the northwest-southeast-striking transform faults that delineate the plate boundary. For 36 events (M-w 3.5-6.6) with high signal-to-noise ratio in a long-period (10-20 s) band, we determine deviatoric moment tensors and associated double-couple focal mechanisms by regional waveform inversion. Many focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral strike-slip faulting along the Pa-NA transform fault system, which suggests that the transform faults primarily accommodate seismic deformation within the gulf. In addition, we capture a swarm of events on Baja California along the right-lateral northwest-southeast-striking Las Viboras-El Azufre fault, which may be related to ongoing geothermal activity and volcanic deformation within the peninsula. The combination of high-resolution earthquake locations and focal mechanisms improves our understanding of the distribution of seismic deformation within the greater extensional zone in the southern GoC. C1 [Sumy, Danielle F.] Natl Sci Fdn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Sumy, Danielle F.; Gaherty, James B.; Kim, Won-Young; Diehl, Tobias] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Collins, John A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sumy, DF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Diehl, Tobias/L-5750-2015 OI Diehl, Tobias/0000-0001-6264-1506 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0436411] FX This manuscript represents a significant portion of D. F. Sumy's doctoral dissertation. The authors thank C. R. Plattner, J. M. Stock, and Associate Editor Guoqing Lin for constructive reviews. D. F. Sumy thanks M. Boettcher, S. Carbotte, R. R. Castro, J. J. McGuire, W. H. Menke, C. R. Plattner, J. M. Stock, N. A. Sumy, M. Tolstoy, P. J. Umhoefer, and F. Waldhauser for informative discussions. Research was supported by National Science Foundation under Grant EAR-0436411. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 487 EP 506 DI 10.1785/0120120080 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700035 ER PT J AU Gold, R dePolo, C Briggs, R Crone, A Gosse, J AF Gold, Ryan dePolo, Craig Briggs, Richard Crone, Anthony Gosse, John TI Late Quaternary Slip-Rate Variations along the Warm Springs Valley Fault System, Northern Walker Lane, California-Nevada Border SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RANGE PROVINCE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; DISPLACEMENT RATES; FLUVIAL TERRACES; PLATE BOUNDARY; SAN-ANDREAS; BASIN; ZONE; KINEMATICS; BE-10 AB The extent to which faults exhibit temporally varying slip rates has important consequences for models of fault mechanics and probabilistic seismic hazard. Here, we explore the temporal behavior of the dextral-slip Warm Springs Valley fault system, which is part of a network of closely spaced (10-20 km) faults in the northern Walker Lane (California-Nevada border). We develop a late Quaternary slip record for the fault using Quaternary mapping and high-resolution topographic data from airborne Light Distance and Ranging (LiDAR). The faulted Fort Sage alluvial fan (40.06 degrees N, 119.99 degrees W) is dextrally displaced 98(-43)(+42) m, and we estimate the age of the alluvial fan to be 41.4(-4.8)(+10.0) ka to 55.7 +/- 9.2 ka, based on a terrestrial cosmogenic Be-10 depth profile and Cl-36 analyses on basalt boulders, respectively. The displacement and age constraints for the fan yield a slip rate of 1.8(-0.8)(+/- 0.8) mm/yr to 2.4(-1.1)(+1.2) mm/yr (2 sigma) along the northern Warm Springs Valley fault system for the past 41.4-55.7 ka. In contrast to this longer-term slip rate, shorelines associated with the Sehoo highstand of Lake Lahontan (similar to 15.8 ka) adjacent to the Fort Sage fan are dextrally faulted at most 3 m, which limits a maximum post-15.8 ka slip rate to 0.2 mm/yr. These relations indicate that the post-Lahontan slip rate on the fault is only about one-tenth the longer-term (41-56 ka) average slip rate. This apparent slip-rate variation may be related to co-dependent interaction with the nearby Honey Lake fault system, which shows evidence of an accelerated period of mid-Holocene earthquakes. C1 [Gold, Ryan; Briggs, Richard; Crone, Anthony] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [dePolo, Craig] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Gosse, John] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Gold, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rgold@usgs.gov OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU NSF [EAR-0929960] FX The late Kurt Frankel at the Cosmogenic Nuclide Geochronology Laboratory at the Georgia Institute of Technology (NSF Grant EAR-0929960), Guang Yang at the Dalhousie University Cosmogenic Nuclide Exposure Dating Facility, and Dylan Rood at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry assisted with TCN sample preparation and analysis. Jose Luis Antinao provided advice on collecting samples for 36Cl and 10Be TCN exposure dating. Alan Hidy assisted in modeling the 10Be depth profile. Stephen Personius, Peter Gold, Steve Angster, and Tristan Ashcroft provided assistance in the field. Reviews by Stephen Personius, Mike Oskin, an anonymous reviewer, and Associate Editor Yann Klinger significantly improved this paper. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 542 EP 558 DI 10.1785/0120120020 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700038 ER PT J AU Ebel, JE Dupuy, M Bakun, WH AF Ebel, John E. Dupuy, Megan Bakun, William H. TI Assessing the Location and Magnitude of the 20 October 1870 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; SEISMIC MOMENT ASSESSMENT; CANADIAN EARTHQUAKES; QUEBEC; CHARLEVOIX; CHARLESTON; ZONE AB The Charlevoix, Quebec, earthquake of 20 October 1870 caused damage to several towns in Quebec and was felt throughout much of southeastern Canada and along the U.S. Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Maryland. Site-specific damage and felt reports from Canadian and U.S. cities and towns were used in analyses of the location and magnitude of the earthquake. The macroseismic center of the earthquake was very close to Baie-St-Paul, where the greatest damage was reported, and the intensity magnitude M-I was found to be 5.8, with a 95% probability range of 5.5-6.0. After corrections for epicentral-distance differences are applied, the modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) data for the 1870 earthquake and for the moment magnitude M 6.2 Charlevoix earthquake of 1925 at common sites show that on average, the MMI readings are about 0.8 intensity units smaller for the 1870 earthquake than for the 1925 earthquake, suggesting that the 1870 earthquake was M-I 5.7. A similar comparison of the MMI data for the 1870 earthquake with the corresponding data for the M 5.9 1988 Saguenay event suggests that the 1870 earthquake was M-I 6.0. These analyses all suggest that the magnitude of the 1870 Charlevoix earthquake is between M-I 5.5 and M-I 6.0, with a best estimate of M-I 5.8. C1 [Ebel, John E.; Dupuy, Megan] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Weston Observ, Weston, MA 02493 USA. [Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ebel, JE (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Weston Observ, 381 Concord Rd, Weston, MA 02493 USA. EM ebel@bc.edu; billb23@sbcglobal.net FU Boston College FX We thank Boston College for an Academic Technology Innovation Grant that provided support to Megan Dupuy for the accumulation of the intensity data for this study. We appreciate the generosity of Gail Atkinson, who provided the MMI data for the 1988 earthquake in a convenient digital form. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Zhigang Peng for their reviews of this note. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 103 IS 1 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1785/0120110063 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 084YD UT WOS:000314575700041 ER PT J AU Peterson, RN Burnett, WC Opsahl, SP Santos, IR Misra, S Froelich, PN AF Peterson, Richard N. Burnett, William C. Opsahl, Stephen P. Santos, Isaac R. Misra, Sambuddha Froelich, Philip N. TI Tracking suspended particle transport via radium isotopes (Ra-226 and Ra-228) through the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Suspended particles; Particle tracing; Radium isotopes; K-40 ID COAL ASH SPILL; WORLD RIVERS; MIXING ZONE; SEDIMENT; GEOCHEMISTRY; RADIONUCLIDES; PHOSPHORUS; TENNESSEE; DISCHARGE; KINGSTON AB Suspended particles in rivers can carry metals, nutrients, and pollutants downstream which can become bioactive in estuaries and coastal marine waters. In river systems with multiple sources of both suspended particles and contamination sources, it is important to assess the hydrologic conditions under which contaminated particles can be delivered to downstream ecosystems. The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River system in the southeastern United States represents an ideal system to study these hydrologic impacts on particle transport through a heavily-impacted river (the Chattahoochee River) and one much less impacted by anthropogenic activities (the Flint River). We demonstrate here the utility of natural radioisotopes as tracers of suspended particles through the ACF system, where particles contaminated with arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) have been shown to be contributed from coal-fired power plants along the Chattahoochee River, and have elevated concentrations in the surficial sediments of the Apalachicola Bay Delta. Radium isotopes (Ra-228 and Ra-226) on suspended particles should vary throughout the different geologic provinces of this river system, allowing differentiation of the relative contributions of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers to the suspended load delivered to Lake Seminole, the Apalachicola River, and ultimately to Apalachicola Bay. We also use various geochemical proxies (K-40, organic carbon, and calcium) to assess the relative composition of suspended particles (lithogenic, organic, and carbonate fractions, respectively) under a range of hydrologic conditions. During low (base) flow conditions, the Flint River contributed 70% of the suspended particle load to both the Apalachicola River and the bay, whereas the Chattahoochee River became the dominant source during higher discharge, contributing 80% of the suspended load to the Apalachicola River and 62% of the particles entering the estuary. Neither of these hydrologic scenarios, which were moderately low flow regimes, appeared to transport particles contaminated with arsenic and antimony to Apalachicola Bay. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Richard N.; Burnett, William C.; Santos, Isaac R.; Misra, Sambuddha] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Opsahl, Stephen P.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Froelich, Philip N.] Froelich Educ Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32309 USA. [Peterson, Richard N.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. [Opsahl, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Santos, Isaac R.] So Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Misra, Sambuddha] Univ Cambridge, Godwin Lab Paleoclimate Res, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, Cambs, England. RP Peterson, RN (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA. EM rpeters2@coastal.edu FU NOAA Graduate Research Fellowship [NA05NOS4201041] FX We thank Amanda Peterson, Natasha Dimova, and Axel Schmidt for assisting with our fieldwork. We are indebted to the faculty and staff of the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, Georgia, especially Woody Hicks and Brian Clayton for providing lab space during our fieldwork. Lee Edmiston and his group at the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve also provided necessary aquatic facilities for sample collection. We thank the Antarctic Research Facility at Florida State University and its curator Dr. Matt Olney for providing cold room space for storing our samples. The Geochemistry Group (especially Yingfeng Xu and Nicole Tibbetts) at FSU assisted greatly in our mass spectrometry work and Dr. Jack Winchester took an active interest in the data analysis. We thank Patrick Hutchins for running the statistical tests on this data set. This work was funded by a NOAA Graduate Research Fellowship (NA05NOS4201041 to RNP). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 116 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.09.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090UN UT WOS:000315005600010 PM 23103578 ER PT J AU Kinzel, PJ Legleiter, CJ Nelson, JM AF Kinzel, Paul J. Legleiter, Carl J. Nelson, Jonathan M. TI Mapping River Bathymetry With a Small Footprint Green LiDAR: Applications and Challenges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE geographic information system; geomorphology; LiDAR; remote sensing; watershed management ID PROCESSING METHODS; TOPOGRAPHY; HABITAT; MORPHOLOGY; SHALLOW; BEHAVIOR; IMAGERY; MODELS; ERRORS AB Kinzel, Paul J., Carl J. Legleiter, and Jonathan M. Nelson, 2012. Mapping River Bathymetry with a Small Footprint Green LiDAR: Applications and Challenges. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-22. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12008 Abstract: Airborne bathymetric Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems designed for coastal and marine surveys are increasingly sought after for high-resolution mapping of fluvial systems. To evaluate the potential utility of bathymetric LiDAR for applications of this kind, we compared detailed surveys collected using wading and sonar techniques with measurements from the United States Geological Survey's hybrid topographic/bathymetric Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL). These comparisons, based upon data collected from the Trinity and Klamath Rivers, California, and the Colorado River, Colorado, demonstrated that environmental conditions and postprocessing algorithms can influence the accuracy and utility of these surveys and must be given consideration. These factors can lead to mapping errors that can have a direct bearing on derivative analyses such as hydraulic modeling and habitat assessment. We discuss the water and substrate characteristics of the sites, compare the conventional and remotely sensed river-bed topographies, and investigate the laser waveforms reflected from submerged targets to provide an evaluation as to the suitability and accuracy of the EAARL system and associated processing algorithms for riverine mapping applications. C1 [Kinzel, Paul J.; Nelson, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Legleiter, Carl J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Kinzel, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM pjkinzel@usgs.gov OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409IP20057] FX The authors would like to thank the following individuals with assistance collecting field data: Brandy Logan, Mary Ann Madej, John Pitlick, Julia Uhlendorf, and Scott Wright. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant N0001409IP20057, "Computational Modeling of River Flow, Sediment Transport, and Bed Evolution Using Remotely Sensed Bathymetry.'' Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 183 EP 204 DI 10.1111/jawr.12008 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 087IU UT WOS:000314755700013 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Selnick, DL AF Sanford, Ward E. Selnick, David L. TI Estimation of Evapotranspiration Across the Conterminous United States Using a Regression With Climate and Land-Cover Data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; hydrologic cycle; precipitation; streamflow ID CROP COEFFICIENTS; WATER; FOREST; AGE AB Sanford, Ward E. and David L. Selnick, 2012. Estimation of Evapotranspiration Across the Conterminous United States Using a Regression with Climate and Land-Cover Data. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-14. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12010 Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important quantity for water resource managers to know because it often represents the largest sink for precipitation (P) arriving at the land surface. In order to estimate actual ET across the conterminous United States (U.S.) in this study, a water-balance method was combined with a climate and land-cover regression equation. Precipitation and streamflow records were compiled for 838 watersheds for 1971-2000 across the U.S. to obtain long-term estimates of actual ET. A regression equation was developed that related the ratio ET/P to climate and land-cover variables within those watersheds. Precipitation and temperatures were used from the PRISM climate dataset, and land-cover data were used from the USGS National Land Cover Dataset. Results indicate that ET can be predicted relatively well at a watershed or county scale with readily available climate variables alone, and that land-cover data can also improve those predictions. Using the climate and land-cover data at an 800-m scale and then averaging to the county scale, maps were produced showing estimates of ET and ET/P for the entire conterminous U.S. Using the regression equation, such maps could also be made for more detailed state coverages, or for other areas of the world where climate and land-cover data are plentiful. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.; Selnick, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1111/jawr.12010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 087IU UT WOS:000314755700015 ER PT J AU Parsons, AW Simons, TR O'Connell, AF Stoskopf, MK AF Parsons, Arielle Waldstein Simons, Theodore R. O'Connell, Allan F., Jr. Stoskopf, Michael K. TI Demographics, diet, movements, and survival of an isolated, unmanaged raccoon Procyon lotor (Procyonidae, Carnivora) population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE barrier island; ecology; meso-carnivore; Procyon lotor; raccoon ID SEA-TURTLE NESTS; NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES; SEXUAL-MATURATION; BREEDING SUCCESS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; WEIGHT CHANGES; HOME RANGES; SPACE USE; REPRODUCTION; DENSITY AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are highly adaptable meso-carnivores that inhabit many environments, including the Atlantic barrier islands, where their role as predators of declining, beach-nesting bird and turtle species is of particular interest. Population models that improve our understanding of predator-prey dynamics are receiving increasing attention in the literature; however, their effective application requires site-specific information on population parameters. We studied an unharvested raccoon population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and evaluated spatial and seasonal differences in a number of population/demographic factors of raccoons inhabiting areas of high and low human activity. Raccoons denned and foraged primarily in salt marsh habitats but shifted their movements in response to changes in seasonal resource conditions. The population was skewed toward older animals and exhibited delayed breeding, typical of populations at high density with few sources of mortality. Diet and movement analysis indicated shorebird and turtle predation was attributed to a small number of individual raccoons. Although seasonal resources appeared adequate to sustain a high population density of raccoons, poor body condition and low recruitment suggested a population near carrying capacity. C1 [Parsons, Arielle Waldstein; Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Stoskopf, Michael K.] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Parsons, AW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ahwaldst@ncsu.edu FU U.S. National Park Service through the Natural Resources Preservation Program FX This study was funded by the U.S. National Park Service through the Natural Resources Preservation Program. We thank the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the National Park Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, the NCSU Environmental Medicine Consortium, and the NCSU College of Veterinary Medicine for their technical and logistical support throughout the study. We also thank S. Schulte, A. Efird, N. Tarr, K. Oberneufemann, and J. Stocking for invaluable field assistance, and W. Kirby-Smith, J. Flowers, A. Krings, and D. Stephan for expert help in diet analysis. In particular, we would like to thank M. Rikard and the staff of Cape Lookout National Seashore for their hospitality and assistance. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 94 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD FEB PY 2013 VL 77 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1515/mammalia-2011-0138 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 087IB UT WOS:000314753700002 ER PT J AU Sibly, RM Grimm, V Martin, BT Johnston, ASA Kulakowska, K Topping, CJ Calow, P Nabe-Nielsen, J Thorbek, P DeAngelis, DL AF Sibly, Richard M. Grimm, Volker Martin, Benjamin T. Johnston, Alice S. A. Kulakowska, Katarzyna Topping, Christopher J. Calow, Peter Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob Thorbek, Pernille DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Representing the acquisition and use of energy by individuals in agent-based models of animal populations SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE bioenergetics; energy budget; individual-based models; population dynamics ID APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; ONTOGENIC GROWTH; METABOLIC THEORY; BIPHASIC GROWTH; YELLOW PERCH; FISH GROWTH; LAKE TROUT; BODY-SIZE AB Agent-based models (ABMs) are widely used to predict how populations respond to changing environments. As the availability of food varies in space and time, individuals should have their own energy budgets, but there is no consensus as to how these should be modelled. Here, we use knowledge of physiological ecology to identify major issues confronting the modeller and to make recommendations about how energy budgets for use in ABMs should be constructed. Our proposal is that modelled animals forage as necessary to supply their energy needs for maintenance, growth and reproduction. If there is sufficient energy intake, an animal allocates the energy obtained in the order: maintenance, growth, reproduction, energy storage, until its energy stores reach an optimal level. If there is a shortfall, the priorities for maintenance and growth/reproduction remain the same until reserves fall to a critical threshold below which all are allocated to maintenance. Rates of ingestion and allocation depend on body mass and temperature. We make suggestions for how each of these processes should be modelled mathematically. Mortality rates vary with body mass and temperature according to known relationships, and these can be used to obtain estimates of background mortality rate. If parameter values cannot be obtained directly, then values may provisionally be obtained by parameter borrowing, pattern-oriented modelling, artificial evolution or from allometric equations. The development of ABMs incorporating individual energy budgets is essential for realistic modelling of populations affected by food availability. Such ABMs are already being used to guide conservation planning of nature reserves and shell fisheries, to assess environmental impacts of building proposals including wind farms and highways and to assess the effects on nontarget organisms of chemicals for the control of agricultural pests. C1 [Sibly, Richard M.; Johnston, Alice S. A.; Kulakowska, Katarzyna] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. [Grimm, Volker; Martin, Benjamin T.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Ecol Modelling, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Grimm, Volker] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Topping, Christopher J.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. [Calow, Peter] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Whittier Res Ctr 230, Off Res & Econ Dev, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Thorbek, Pernille] Syngenta Ltd, Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Environm Safety, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berks, England. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Sibly, RM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. EM r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk RI Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-5891-2010; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-3992-2014; Topping, Christopher/A-9167-2009; OI Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/0000-0002-0716-9525; Topping, Christopher/0000-0003-0874-7603; Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543; Martin, Benjamin/0000-0003-3927-0449 FU CREAM [PITN-GA-2009-238148]; BBSRC [BB/1532429/1]; Syngenta [BB/1532429/1] FX We thank Tjalling Jager, Bas Kooijman, Roger Nisbet, Tomasz Kulakowski and three referees for comments and suggestions. This research was part funded by CREAM grant number (PITN-GA-2009-238148) and BBSRC research studentship with Syngenta (BB/1532429/1). NR 120 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 14 U2 123 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1111/2041-210x.12002 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090JH UT WOS:000314974800006 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Adams, JV Gara, B AF Stapanian, Martin A. Adams, Jean V. Gara, Brian TI Presence of indicator plant species as a predictor of wetland vegetation integrity: a statistical approach SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Vegetation integrity; Indicator species; Skunk-cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus; VIBI; Classification tree models ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; INDEX; DISTURBANCE AB We fit regression and classification tree models to vegetation data collected from Ohio (USA) wetlands to determine (1) which species best predict Ohio vegetation index of biotic integrity (OVIBI) score and (2) which species best predict high-quality wetlands (OVIBI score > 75). The simplest regression tree model predicted OVIBI score based on the occurrence of three plant species: skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), and swamp rose (Rosa palustris). The lowest OVIBI scores were best predicted by the absence of the selected plant species rather than by the presence of other species. The simplest classification tree model predicted high-quality wetlands based on the occurrence of two plant species: skunk-cabbage and marsh-fern (Thelypteris palustris). The overall misclassification rate from this tree was 13 %. Again, low-quality wetlands were better predicted than high-quality wetlands by the absence of selected species rather than the presence of other species using the classification tree model. Our results suggest that a species' wetland status classification and coefficient of conservatism are of little use in predicting wetland quality. A simple, statistically derived species checklist such as the one created in this study could be used by field biologists to quickly and efficiently identify wetland sites likely to be regulated as high-quality, and requiring more intensive field assessments. Alternatively, it can be used for advanced determinations of low-quality wetlands. Agencies can save considerable money by screening wetlands for the presence/absence of such "indicator" species before issuing permits. C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gara, Brian] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mstapanian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 214 IS 2 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s11258-013-0168-z PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 087SB UT WOS:000314781600011 ER PT J AU Curtis, JA Flint, LE Hupp, CR AF Curtis, Jennifer A. Flint, Lorraine E. Hupp, Cliff R. TI Estimating floodplain sedimentation in the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Floodplain; Overbank sedimentation; Sediment deposition potential; Laguna de Santa Rosa; Russian River ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; ALLUVIAL STRATIGRAPHY; RIVER; BASIN; PLAIN; DEPOSITION; WETLAND; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We present a conceptual and analytical framework for predicting the spatial distribution of floodplain sedimentation for the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. We assess the role of the floodplain as a sink for fine-grained sediment and investigate concerns regarding the potential loss of flood storage capacity due to historic sedimentation. We characterized the spatial distribution of sedimentation during a post-flood survey and developed a spatially distributed sediment deposition potential map that highlights zones of floodplain sedimentation. The sediment deposition potential map, built using raster files that describe the spatial distribution of relevant hydrologic and landscape variables, was calibrated using 2 years of measured overbank sedimentation data and verified using longer-term rates determined using dendrochronology. The calibrated floodplain deposition potential relation was used to estimate an average annual floodplain sedimentation rate (3.6 mm/year) for the similar to 11 km(2) floodplain. This study documents the development of a conceptual model of overbank sedimentation, describes a methodology to estimate the potential for various parts of a floodplain complex to accumulate sediment over time, and provides estimates of short and long-term overbank sedimentation rates that can be used for ecosystem management and prioritization of restoration activities. C1 [Curtis, Jennifer A.; Flint, Lorraine E.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Curtis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Sacramento, CA USA. EM jacurtis@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0350-4 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086ZF UT WOS:000314728600003 ER PT J AU McCauley, LA Jenkins, DG Quintana-Ascencio, PF AF McCauley, Lisa A. Jenkins, David G. Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F. TI Isolated Wetland Loss and Degradation Over Two Decades in an Increasingly Urbanized Landscape SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Cypress dome; Florida; Fragmentation; Habitat loss; Southeastern US; Urbanization ID UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSIONAL WETLANDS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; TAXODIUM; CONSERVATION; SIZE AB Urbanization is a leading cause of species loss in the United States because of habitat destruction and fragmentation. Wetlands can be affected by urbanization and the condition of wetlands can be compared across land use categories. Cypress domes are isolated wetlands dominated by cypress (Taxodium distichum) and often remain in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of urbanization on cypress dome number, size and spatial pattern through two decades of rapid urbanization in Orlando, Florida, a large city in the southeastern US. Over 3,000 cypress domes, in a region typical of urban growth in the cypress range, were identified in images from 1984. Over a 20-year period, 26 % were destroyed or degraded (i.e., no longer cypress-dominated) and almost half in managed forests were degraded, destroyed, or became surrounded by urban or agricultural land uses. The smallest and largest cypress domes were lost, leaving only medium-sized wetlands and decreasing landscape-level diversity. Despite the fact that these wetlands are common and partially protected by legislation, cypress in isolated wetlands may be at risk from urbanization. C1 [McCauley, Lisa A.; Jenkins, David G.; Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP McCauley, LA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM lmccauley@usgs.gov OI Jenkins, David/0000-0002-0363-2260 FU Florida Native Plant Society Endowment Research Grant FX We thank K. A. Medley for reviewing this manuscript and K.C. Ewel for advice and support. We would like to thank anonymous reviewers for their assistance and advice while reviewing this manuscript. This project was partially funded by the Florida Native Plant Society Endowment Research Grant. We thank the Ying Family Foundation for their continuing support. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0357-x PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086ZF UT WOS:000314728600009 ER PT J AU Work, PA Haas, KA Defne, Z Gay, T AF Work, Paul A. Haas, Kevin A. Defne, Zafer Gay, Thomas TI Tidal stream energy site assessment via three-dimensional model and measurements SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Tidal power; Hydrodynamic impact; Hydrodynamic numerical model; Acoustic Doppler current profiler; Parris Island; Beaufort River ID POWER EXTRACTION; RESOURCE ASSESSMENT; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS; CHANNEL; IMPACT; GEORGIA; SYSTEM; OCEAN; SOUND AB A methodology for assessment of the potential impacts of extraction of energy associated with astronomical tides is described and applied to a site on the Beaufort River in coastal South Carolina, USA. Despite its name, the site features negligible freshwater inputs; like many in the region, it is a tidal estuary that resembles a river. A three-dimensional, numerical, hydrodynamic model was applied for a period exceeding a lunar month, allowing quantification of harmonic constituents of water level and velocity, and comparison to values derived from measurements, recorded at a location within the model domain. The measurement campaign included surveys of bathymetry and velocity fields during ebb and flood portions of a tidal cycle for model validation. Potential far-field impacts of a generic tidal energy conversion device were simulated by introducing an additional drag force in the model to enhance dissipation, resulting in 10-60% dissipation of the pre-existing kinetic power within a flow cross-section. The model reveals effects of the dissipation on water levels and velocities in adjacent areas, which are relatively small even at the 60% dissipation level. A method is presented to estimate the optimal vertical location for the energy conversion device and the potential power sacrificed by moving to a different altitude. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Work, Paul A.; Haas, Kevin A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Defne, Zafer] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Work, PA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM paul.work@gatech.edu; khaas@gatech.edu; zdefne@usgs.gov OI Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310 FU US Marine Corps FX This work was supported by the US Marine Corps, whose support is gratefully acknowledged. Trent Moore from the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (Savannah, Georgia, USA) assisted with the field component of the project. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD FEB PY 2013 VL 102 SI SI BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.040 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 079RV UT WOS:000314190800057 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Pribil, MJ Van Metre, PC Borrok, DM Thapalia, A AF Gray, John E. Pribil, Michael J. Van Metre, Peter C. Borrok, David M. Thapalia, Anita TI Identification of contamination in a lake sediment core using Hg and Pb isotopic compositions, Lake Ballinger, Washington, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LEAD ISOTOPES; ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; MERCURY; URBAN AB Concentrations and isotopic compositions of Hg and Pb were measured in a sediment core collected from Lake Ballinger, near Seattle, Washington, USA. Lake Ballinger has been affected by input of metal contaminants emitted from the Tacoma smelter, which operated from 1887 to 1986 and was located about 53 km south of the lake. Concentrations and loadings of Hg and Pb in Lake Ballinger increased by as much as three orders of magnitude during the period of smelting as compared to the pre-smelting period. Concentrations and loadings of Hg and Pb then decreased by about 55% and 75%, respectively, after smelting ended. Isotopic compositions of Hg changed considerably during the period of smelting (delta Hg-202 = -2.29 parts per thousand to -0.38 parts per thousand, mean -1.23 parts per thousand, n = 9) compared to the pre-smelting period (delta Hg-202 = -2.91 parts per thousand to -2.50 parts per thousand, mean -2.75%, n = 4). Variations were also observed in Pb-206/Pb-207 and Pb-208/Pb-207 isotopic compositions during these periods. Data for Delta Hg-199 and Delta Hg-201 indicate mass independent fractionation (MIF) of Hg isotopes in Lake Ballinger sediment during the smelting and post-smelting period and suggest MIF in the ore smelted, during the smelting process, or chemical modification at some point in the past. Negative values for Delta Hg-199 and Delta Hg-201 for the pre-smelting period are similar to those previously reported for soil, peat, and lichen, likely suggesting some component of atmospheric Hg. Variations in the concentrations and isotopic compositions of Hg and Pb were useful in tracing contaminant sources and the understanding of the depositional history of sedimentation in Lake Ballinger. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, John E.; Pribil, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Borrok, David M.; Thapalia, Anita] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program; USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program, and the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program. We thank reviewers from the USGS and those for Applied Geochemistry for comments that improved this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All data discussed in this manuscript may be obtained by writing to the authors. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.12.001 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 086MB UT WOS:000314687100001 ER PT J AU Callegary, JB Kikuchi, CP Koch, JC Lilly, MR Leake, SA AF Callegary, J. B. Kikuchi, C. P. Koch, J. C. Lilly, M. R. Leake, S. A. TI Review: Groundwater in Alaska (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Alaska (USA); Groundwater/surface-water interactions; Permafrost; Cold regions; Climate change ID SLOPE FORELAND BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; NORTHWEST ALASKA; INTERIOR ALASKA; ARCTIC REGIONS; UNITED-STATES; YUKON RIVER; FLUID-FLOW AB Groundwater in the US state of Alaska is critical to both humans and ecosystems. Interactions among physiography, ecology, geology, and current and past climate have largely determined the location and properties of aquifers as well as the timing and magnitude of fluxes to, from, and within the groundwater system. The climate ranges from maritime in the southern portion of the state to continental in the Interior, and arctic on the North Slope. During the Quaternary period, topography and rock type have combined with glacial and periglacial processes to develop the unconsolidated alluvial aquifers of Alaska and have resulted in highly heterogeneous hydrofacies. In addition, the long persistence of frozen ground, whether seasonal or permanent, greatly affects the distribution of aquifer recharge and discharge. Because of high runoff, a high proportion of groundwater use, and highly variable permeability controlled in part by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, understanding groundwater/surface-water interactions and the effects of climate change is critical for understanding groundwater availability and the movement of natural and anthropogenic contaminants. C1 [Callegary, J. B.; Kikuchi, C. P.; Leake, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kikuchi, C. P.; Koch, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lilly, M. R.] GW Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Callegary, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jcallega@usgs.gov OI Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517 FU US Department of the Interior WaterSMART Initiative; USGS Groundwater Resources Program, Glacial Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study FX This manuscript benefited greatly from the constructive and detailed comments provided by US Geological Survey and Hydrogeology Journal peer reviewers. The project was supported by the US Department of the Interior WaterSMART Initiative and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program, Glacial Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study. NR 132 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0940-5 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081PH UT WOS:000314333600003 ER PT J AU Koch, JC Ewing, SA Striegl, R McKnight, DM AF Koch, J. C. Ewing, S. A. Striegl, R. McKnight, D. M. TI Rapid runoff via shallow throughflow and deeper preferential flow in a boreal catchment underlain by frozen silt (Alaska, USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Rainfall/runoff; Permafrost; Pipeflow; Solute transport; Alaska (USA) ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; ALPINE CATCHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL PIPES; PERMAFROST; WATER; FOREST; MODEL AB In high-latitude catchments where permafrost is present, runoff dynamics are complicated by seasonal active-layer thaw, which may cause a change in the dominant flowpaths as water increasingly contacts mineral soils of low hydraulic conductivity. A 2-year study, conducted in an upland catchment in Alaska (USA) underlain by frozen, well-sorted eolian silt, examined changes in infiltration and runoff with thaw. It was hypothesized that rapid runoff would be maintained by flow through shallow soils during the early summer and deeper preferential flow later in the summer. Seasonal changes in soil moisture, infiltration, and runoff magnitude, location, and chemistry suggest that transport is rapid, even when soils are thawed to their maximum extent. Between June and September, a shift occurred in the location of runoff, consistent with subsurface preferential flow in steep and wet areas. Uranium isotopes suggest that late summer runoff erodes permafrost, indicating that substantial rapid flow may occur along the frozen boundary. Together, throughflow and deep preferential flow may limit upland boreal catchment water and solute storage, and subsequently biogeochemical cycling on seasonal to annual timescales. Deep preferential flow may be important for stream incision, network drainage development, and the release of ancient carbon to ecosystems. C1 [Koch, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ewing, S. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Striegl, R.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [McKnight, D. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Koch, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jkoch@usgs.gov OI Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-BE 0628348] FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation grant, OCE-BE 0628348 to Q. Zhuang. We thank P. Schuster and C. Hart for laboratory analysis of the bromide tracer, and J. Paces for assisting with the U isotope analysis. B. Rajagopalan and K. Bencala provided invaluable discussions on the data and results. Field support was provided by K. Wickland, R. Runkel, K. Kelsey, M. Bourret, D. Halm, M. Dornblaser, G. Aiken, and R. Spencer. The manuscript was significantly improved through reviews by B. Ebel and two anonymous reviewers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Science Foundation or US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0934-3 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081PH UT WOS:000314333600008 ER PT J AU Jepsen, SM Voss, CI Walvoord, MA Rose, JR Minsley, BJ Smith, BD AF Jepsen, S. M. Voss, C. I. Walvoord, M. A. Rose, J. R. Minsley, B. J. Smith, B. D. TI Sensitivity analysis of lake mass balance in discontinuous permafrost: the example of disappearing Twelvemile Lake, Yukon Flats, Alaska (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Geophysical methods; Groundwater recharge/water budget; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Permafrost; Alaska (USA) ID SEASONALLY FROZEN SOILS; SNOWMELT INFILTRATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; HYDROLOGY; CANADA; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS; DRAINAGE AB Many lakes in northern high latitudes have undergone substantial changes in surface area over the last four decades, possibly as a result of climate warming. In the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior Alaska (USA), these changes have been non-uniform across adjacent watersheds, suggesting local controls on lake water budgets. Mechanisms that could explain the decreasing mass of one lake in Yukon Flats since the early 1980s, Twelvemile Lake, are identified via a scoping analysis that considers plausible changes in snowmelt mass and infiltration, permafrost distribution, and climate warming. Because predicted changes in evaporation (2 cmyr(-1)) are inadequate to explain the observed 17.5 cmyr(-1) reduction in mass balance, other mechanisms are required. The most important potential mechanisms are found to involve: (1) changes in shallow, lateral groundwater flow to the lake possibly facilitated by vertical freeze-thaw migration of the permafrost table in gravel; (2) increased loss of lake water as downward groundwater flow through an open talik to a permeable subpermafrost flowpath; and (3) reduced snow meltwater inputs due to decreased snowpack mass and increased infiltration of snowmelt into, and subsequent evaporation from, fine-grained sediment mantling the permafrost-free lake basin. C1 [Jepsen, S. M.; Walvoord, M. A.; Minsley, B. J.; Smith, B. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rose, J. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Jepsen, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 403, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sjepsen@usgs.gov; bsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; National Research Program; SERDP [RC-2111] FX Support for this study was provided by the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, the National Research Program, and SERDP grant RC-2111. Technical assistance was provided by the following individuals: J. Abraham, L. Anderson, M. T. Jorgenson, J. Koch, J. O'Donnell, and J. Rover. We thank J. Koch and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0896-5 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081PH UT WOS:000314333600014 ER PT J AU Wellman, TP Voss, CI Walvoord, MA AF Wellman, Tristan P. Voss, Clifford I. Walvoord, Michelle A. TI Impacts of climate, lake size, and supra- and sub-permafrost groundwater flow on lake-talik evolution, Yukon Flats, Alaska (USA) SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cold-regions; Permafrost; Groundwater modeling; Climate change; Alaska (USA) ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ICE; CANADA; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENTS; REGIONS; REGIMES; TRENDS AB In cold regions, hydrologic systems possess seasonal and perennial ice-free zones (taliks) within areas of permafrost that control and are enhanced by groundwater flow. Simulation of talik development that follows lake formation in watersheds modeled after those in the Yukon Flats of interior Alaska (USA) provides insight on the coupled interaction between groundwater flow and ice distribution. The SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze-thaw physics is used to examine the effect of climate, lake size, and lake-groundwater relations on talik formation. Considering a range of these factors, simulated times for a through-going sub-lake talik to form through 90 m of permafrost range from similar to 200 to > 1,000 years (vertical thaw rates < 0.1-0.5 m yr(-1)). Seasonal temperature cycles along lake margins impact supra-permafrost flow and late-stage cryologic processes. Warmer climate accelerates complete permafrost thaw and enhances seasonal flow within the supra-permafrost layer. Prior to open talik formation, sub-lake permafrost thaw is dominated by heat conduction. When hydraulic conditions induce upward or downward flow between the lake and sub-permafrost aquifer, thaw rates are greatly increased. The complexity of ground-ice and water-flow interplay, together with anticipated warming in the arctic, underscores the utility of coupled groundwater-energy transport models in evaluating hydrologic systems impacted by permafrost. C1 [Wellman, Tristan P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov FU USGS National Research Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas; SERDP [RC-2111] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the USGS National Research Program, the USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas, and SERDP grant RC-2111. We thank Jeffrey McKenzie, McGill University, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank the Guest Editors (Larry Hinzman, Georgia Destouni, and Ming-Ko Woo) for their time and effort in developing this special theme issue on cold regions hydrogeology. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 281 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0941-4 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081PH UT WOS:000314333600021 ER PT J AU McKenzie, JM Voss, CI AF McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Voss, Clifford I. TI Permafrost thaw in a nested groundwater-flow system SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cold regions hydrology; Permafrost; Regional flow; Groundwater modeling; Cryology ID WATER; SIMULATIONS; MODEL AB Groundwater flow in cold regions containing permafrost accelerates climate-warming-driven thaw and changes thaw patterns. Simulation analyses of groundwater flow and heat transport with freeze/thaw in typical cold-regions terrain with nested flow indicate that early thaw rate is particularly enhanced by flow, the time when adverse environmental impacts of climate-warming-induced permafrost loss may be severest. For the slowest climate-warming rate predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), once significant groundwater flow begins, thick permafrost layers can vanish in several hundred years, but survive over 1,000 years where flow is minimal. Large-scale thaw depends mostly on the balance of heat advection and conduction in the supra-permafrost zone. Surface-water bodies underlain by open taliks allow slow sub-permafrost flow, with lesser influence on regional thaw. Advection dominance over conduction depends on permeability and topography. Groundwater flow around permafrost and flow through permafrost impact thaw differently; the latter enhances early thaw rate. Air-temperature seasonality also increases early thaw. Hydrogeologic heterogeneity and topography strongly affect thaw rates/patterns. Permafrost controls the groundwater/surface-water-geomorphology system; hence, prediction and mitigation of impacts of thaw on ecology, chemical exports and infrastructure require improved hydrogeology/permafrost characterization and understanding. C1 [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McKenzie, JM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. EM jeffrey.mckenzie@mcgill.ca; cvoss@usgs.gov FU Fonds de recherche Nature et technologies, Quebec; McGill University, Canada; US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas; US Government Interagency [RC-2111] FX This project has received support from: Fonds de recherche Nature et technologies, Quebec, McGill University, Canada, US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program, USGS Climate and Land Use Change and Water Mission Areas, and grant RC-2111 of the US Government Interagency (DOD, EPA and DOE) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). This article has greatly benefited from insightful helpful reviews by Michelle Walvoord (USGS), Joel Rowland (LANL), Bryan Travis (LANL) and Larry Hinzman (IARC). NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 299 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10040-012-0942-3 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081PH UT WOS:000314333600022 ER PT J AU McCauley, LA Jenkins, DG Quintana-Ascencio, PF AF McCauley, Lisa A. Jenkins, David G. Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F. TI Reproductive failure of a long-lived wetland tree in urban lands and managed forests SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological inertia; cypress dome; fire; Florida; forest management; hydrology; isolated wetlands; recruitment; south-eastern US; urbanization ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; BIOLOGICAL INERTIA; EXTINCTION DEBT; UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; FLORIDA; RESTORATION; RESPONSES AB Land use (e.g. urbanization, agriculture, natural lands management) may directly affect populations by habitat loss and fragmentation, and indirectly by altering conditions needed for reproductive success. The effects of urbanization are especially pronounced for populations that remain among urbanized areas, but they are difficult to detect in long-lived species. We evaluated the effects of urbanization on the recruitment of cypress (Taxodium distichum), a long-lived coniferous tree that dominates isolated wetlands in Orlando, Florida, USA, a rapidly urbanizing region. Cypress requires saturated but not flooded soils to germinate, and seedlings are easily out-competed in the absence of fire. We hypothesized that urbanization has altered the hydrology and fire regimes, leading to biological inertia and reduced cypress recruitment relative to managed forest and ranchland. We found low cypress recruitment in urban areas, but surprisingly in managed forest as well. Many cypress populations in managed forest were bounded by fire breaks which prevent upland fires from burning into the wetlands. Ranchland had significantly more recruitment than urban and managed forest, and these wetlands did not have fire breaks. In urban lands, the effects of urbanization were delayed. Cypress recruitment initially occurred near the edge of wetlands where hydrological conditions were most favourable, but virtually stopped at 20years post-urbanization. Cypress recruitment also occurred near the edge of the wetlands in managed forests and ranchlands and was higher in larger wetlands. Synthesis and applications. Urbanization is associated with the eventual reproductive failure of cypress and in the absence of management practice changes, cypress recruitment may cease in many additional wetlands. If past urbanization rates continue, 8090% of cypress populations in isolated wetlands in the path of urban sprawl could permanently cease recruitment in 100years. Reducing urban sprawl and introducing prescribed fire in managed-forest cypress domes could mitigate this effect and conserve reproduction of this long-lived, dominant tree species and the diversity of the wetlands they typify. C1 [McCauley, Lisa A.; Jenkins, David G.; Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP McCauley, LA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM lmccauley@usgs.gov OI Jenkins, David/0000-0002-0363-2260 FU Florida Native Plant Society Endowment Research Grant FX We dedicate this publication to the memory of 'The Senator' cypress tree. This Orlando icon was the oldest (estimated 3500 years old) and largest (5.3 m trunk diameter) cypress tree in the world until its demise in January, 2012, due to arson fire. We thank multiple field researchers including J. Canale, B. E. Avila, J. Nye, B. Thomas, C. R. Brescacin, E. Rysak, O. M. Genao, and C. Camargo. We thank K. A. Medley for field help and reviewing this manuscript and K. C. Ewel for advice and support. This manuscript was improved by the comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This project was partially funded by the Florida Native Plant Society Endowment Research Grant. We thank the Ying Family Foundation for their continuing support. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12006 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084EP UT WOS:000314520500004 ER PT J AU Sawyer, H Kauffman, MJ Middleton, AD Morrison, TA Nielson, RM Wyckoff, TB AF Sawyer, Hall Kauffman, Matthew J. Middleton, Arthur D. Morrison, Thomas A. Nielson, Ryan M. Wyckoff, Teal B. TI A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brownian bridge movement model; connectivity; migration routes; mule deer; stopovers ID SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; AUTUMN NUTRITION; LARGE HERBIVORES; SITE SELECTION; MULE DEER; ELK; MOVEMENTS; CARIBOU; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION AB Impermeable barriers to migration can greatly constrain the set of possible routes and ranges used by migrating animals. For ungulates, however, many forms of development are semi-permeable, and making informed management decisions about their potential impacts to the persistence of migration routes is difficult because our knowledge of how semi-permeable barriers affect migratory behaviour and function is limited. Here, we propose a general framework to advance the understanding of barrier effects on ungulate migration by emphasizing the need to (i) quantify potential barriers in terms that allow behavioural thresholds to be considered, (ii) identify and measure behavioural responses to semi-permeable barriers and (iii) consider the functional attributes of the migratory landscape (e.g. stopovers) and how the benefits of migration might be reduced by behavioural changes. We used global position system (GPS) data collected from two subpopulations of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus to evaluate how different levels of gas development influenced migratory behaviour, including movement rates and stopover use at the individual level, and intensity of use and width of migration route at the population level. We then characterized the functional landscape of migration routes as either stopover habitat or movement corridors and examined how the observed behavioural changes affected the functionality of the migration route in terms of stopover use. We found migratory behaviour to vary with development intensity. Our results suggest that mule deer can migrate through moderate levels of development without any noticeable effects on migratory behaviour. However, in areas with more intensive development, animals often detoured from established routes, increased their rate of movement and reduced stopover use, while the overall use and width of migration routes decreased. Synthesis and applications. In contrast to impermeable barriers that impede animal movement, semi-permeable barriers allow animals to maintain connectivity between their seasonal ranges. Our results identify the mechanisms (e.g. detouring, increased movement rates, reduced stopover use) by which semi-permeable barriers affect the functionality of ungulate migration routes and emphasize that the management of semi-permeable barriers may play a key role in the conservation of migratory ungulate populations. C1 [Sawyer, Hall; Nielson, Ryan M.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.; Morrison, Thomas A.; Wyckoff, Teal B.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wyckoff, Teal B.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, 200 S 2nd St,Suite B, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM hsawyer@west-inc.com FU Bureau of Land Management; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey (Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative); Anadarko Petroleum Company FX This work was supported by the Bureau of Land Management, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the U.S. Geological Survey (Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative) and grants provided to Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc from Anadarko Petroleum Company. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Comments from E. J. Milner-Gulland, G. Hopcraft, N. Korfanta and one anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 133 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12013 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084EP UT WOS:000314520500009 ER PT J AU Hanna, C Foote, D Kremen, C AF Hanna, Cause Foote, David Kremen, Claire TI Invasive species management restores a plant-pollinator mutualism in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis; ecosystem function; honeybee; interaction; Metrosideros; pollen limitation; pollination; taxon substitution; Vespula ID HYLAEUS NESOPROSOPIS HYMENOPTERA; INTRODUCED HONEY-BEES; POLLEN LIMITATION; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; SOCIAL WASP; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ISLANDS; INTERFERENCE AB The management and removal of invasive species may give rise to unanticipated changes in plantpollinator mutualisms because they can alter the composition and functioning of plantpollinator interactions in a variety of ways. To utilize a functional approach for invasive species management, we examined the restoration of plantpollinator mutualisms following the large-scale removal of an invasive nectar thief and arthropod predator, Vespula pensylvanica. We reduced V.pensylvanica populations in large plots managed over multiple years to examine the response of plantpollinator mutualisms and the fruit production of a functionally important endemic Hawaiian tree species, Metrosideros polymorpha. To integrate knowledge of the invader's behaviour and the plant's mating system, we determined the efficacy of V.pensylvanica as a pollinator of M.polymorpha and quantified the dependence of M.polymorpha on animal pollination (e.g. level of self-compatibility and pollen limitation). The reduction of V.pensylvanica in managed sites, when compared to unmanaged sites, resulted in a significant increase in the visitation rates of effective bee pollinators (e.g. introduced Apis mellifera and native Hylaeus spp.) and in the fruit production of M.polymorpha. Apis mellifera, following the management of V.pensylvanica, appears to be acting as a substitute pollinator for M.polymorpha, replacing extinct or threatened bird and bee species in our study system. Synthesis and applications. Fruit production of the native M.polymorpha was increased after management of the invasive pollinator predator V.pensylvanica; however, the main pollinators were no longer native but introduced. This research thus demonstrates the diverse impacts of introduced species on ecological function and the ambiguous role they play in restoration. We recommend incorporating ecological function and context into invasive species management as this approach may enable conservation managers to simultaneously minimize the negative and maximize the positive impacts (e.g. taxon substitution) of introduced species. Such novel restoration approaches are needed, especially in highly degraded ecosystems. C1 [Hanna, Cause; Kremen, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foote, David] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Hanna, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM causehanna@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1106400]; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Natural Resources Protection Program of the US Geological Survey FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (DGE 1106400). Funding was provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center and the Natural Resources Protection Program of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 16 U2 196 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12027 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084EP UT WOS:000314520500017 ER PT J AU Henaux, V Parmley, J Soos, C Samuel, MD AF Henaux, Viviane Parmley, Jane Soos, Catherine Samuel, Michael D. TI Estimating transmission of avian influenza in wild birds from incomplete epizootic data: implications for surveillance and disease spread SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiological model; epizootic dynamics; force of infection; highly pathogenic avian influenza; incidence; low pathogenic avian influenza; maximum likelihood; prevalence ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; A VIRUS; DYNAMICS; H5N1; FORCE; DUCKS; PREVALENCE; WATERFOWL; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Estimating disease transmission in wildlife populations is critical to understand hostpathogen dynamics, predict disease risks and prioritize surveillance activities. However, obtaining reliable estimates for free-ranging populations is extremely challenging. In particular, disease surveillance programs may routinely miss the onset or end of epizootics and peak prevalence, limiting the ability to evaluate infectious processes. We used profile likelihood to estimate the force of infection (FOI) in a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIv) epizootic model from censored time series of LPAIv prevalence in hatch-year waterfowl (order Anseriformes) at postbreeding and migration sites in North America. We found a mean LPAIv FOI of 0 center dot 12day1 [95% CI, 0 center dot 000 center dot 39], corresponding to an incidence rate of 0 center dot 11day1, with geographic heterogeneity (minmax: 0 center dot 020 center dot 23day1) among study sites. These high infection rates indicate that most hatch-year waterfowl are likely infected with LPAIv early in the fall migration. Comparison of model-predicted and observed immunity confirmed our assumption of naive hatch-year waterfowl and suggested long-term immunity (>6months) for adults. Using the mean LPAIv incidence rate, we predict a shorter and lower epizootic curve for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv; 5weeks with peak prevalence of 28% and 30% mortality) than LPAIv (8weeks with peak prevalence of 50%). These findings indicate it is harder to detect HPAIv than LPAIv with swabs from live birds, which are commonly used during disease surveillance. Synthesis and applications. Our study highlights the potential of integrating incomplete surveillance data with epizootic models to quantify disease transmission and immunity. This modelling approach provides an important tool to understand spatial and temporal epizootic dynamics and inform disease surveillance. Our findings suggest focusing highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) surveillance on postbreeding areas where mortality of immunologically naive hatch-year birds is most likely to occur, and collecting serology to enhance HPAIv detection. Our modelling approach can integrate various types of disease data facilitating its use with data from other surveillance programs (as illustrated by the estimation of infection rate during an HPAIv outbreak in mute swans Cygnus olor in Europe). C1 [Henaux, Viviane] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Parmley, Jane] Univ Guelph, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henaux, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM viviane.henaux@anses.fr FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Public Health Agency of Canada; Environment Canada; USDA-APHIS; USGS-NWHC; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison FX Data were provided by Canada's Inter-Agency Wild Bird Influenza Survey, which is funded by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Public Health Agency of Canada, Environment Canada, participating provinces and the USDA-APHIS. Survey protocols and coordination, information technology and management and analysis were provided by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre. We thank Environment Canada and USFWS biologists for participation in field collection. We acknowledge the use of data from the Interagency Surveillance Program for the Early Detection of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and efforts of participants with the Department of the Interior who collected samples and conducted laboratory analyses, including the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), the USFWS, as well as those state, tribal and other agencies who contributed to the program. We thank F. A. Leighton and R. J. Dusek for assistance and coordination with data collection, and J. Pasick, H. S. Ip and R. Nallar for PCR and/or serological analyses. We also thank T. Anderson, J. Hall, M. Whittingham and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions on the manuscript. Support for V. Henaux was provided by USGS-NWHC. Funds to cover publication costs were provided by the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply an endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 50 IS 1 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12031 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 084EP UT WOS:000314520500025 ER PT J AU Huso, MMP Erickson, WP AF Huso, Manuela M. P. Erickson, Wallace P. TI A comment on "Novel scavenger removal trials increase wind turbine-caused avian fatality estimates" SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; carcass persistence; detectability; fatality monitoring; predator swamping; wind power AB In a recent paper, Smallwood et al. (2010) conducted a study to compare their novel approach to conducting carcass removal trials with what they term the conventional approach and to evaluate the effects of the different methods on estimated avian fatality at a wind power facility in California. A quick glance at Table 3 that succinctly summarizes their results and provides estimated fatality rates and 80% confidence intervals calculated using the 2 methods reveals a surprising result. The confidence intervals of all of their estimates and most of the conventional estimates extend below 0. These results imply that wind turbines may have the capacity to create live birds. But a more likely interpretation is that a serious error occurred in the calculation of either the average fatality rate or its standard error or both. Further evaluation of their methods reveals that the scientific basis for concluding that many estimates of scavenger removal rates prior to [their] study were likely biased low due to scavenger swamping and previously reported estimates of avian fatality rates ... should be adjusted upwards was not evident in their analysis and results. Their comparison to conventional approaches was not applicable, their statistical models were questionable, and the conclusions they drew were unsupported. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Huso, Manuela M. P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Erickson, Wallace P.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Huso, MMP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhuso@usgs.gov RI Huso, Manuela/F-9771-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 213 EP 215 DI 10.1002/jwmg.468 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 079NH UT WOS:000314176900001 ER PT J AU Fortin, JK Schwartz, CC Gunther, KA Teisberg, JE Haroldson, MA Evans, MA Robbins, CT AF Fortin, Jennifer K. Schwartz, Charles C. Gunther, Kerry A. Teisberg, Justin E. Haroldson, Mark A. Evans, Marc A. Robbins, Charles T. TI Dietary adjustability of grizzly bears and American black bears in Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; diet; grizzly bear; niche; stable isotopes; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone National Park ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; FUNGAL SPOROCARPS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGUS; FOOD-HABITS; ELK; ECOSYSTEM; CONSUMPTION; NITROGEN AB Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) are sympatric in much of Yellowstone National Park. Three primary bear foods, cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) nuts, and elk (Cervus elaphus), have declined in recent years. Because park managers and the public are concerned about the impact created by reductions in these foods, we quantified bear diets to determine how bears living near Yellowstone Lake are adjusting. We estimated diets using: 1) stable isotope and mercury analyses of hair samples collected from captured bears and from hair collection sites established along cutthroat trout spawning streams and 2) visits to recent locations occupied by bears wearing Global Positioning System collars to identify signs of feeding behavior and to collect scats for macroscopic identification of residues. Approximately 45 +/- 22% ((x) over bar +/- SD) of the assimilated nitrogen consumed by male grizzly bears, 38 +/- 20% by female grizzly bears, and 23 +/- 7% by male and female black bears came from animal matter. These assimilated dietary proportions for female grizzly bears were the same as 10 years earlier in the Lake area and 30 years earlier in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. However, the proportion of meat in the assimilated diet of male grizzly bears decreased over both time frames. The estimated biomass of cutthroat trout consumed by grizzly bears and black bears declined 70% and 95%, respectively, in the decade between 19972000 and 20072009. Grizzly bears killed an elk calf every 4.3 +/- 2.7 days and black bears every 8.0 +/- 4.0 days during June. Elk accounted for 84% of all ungulates consumed by both bear species. Whitebark pine nuts continue to be a primary food source for both grizzly bears and black bears when abundant, but are replaced by false-truffles (Rhizopogon spp.) in the diets of female grizzly bears and black bears when nut crops are minimal. Thus, both grizzly bears and black bears continue to adjust to changing resources, with larger grizzly bears continuing to occupy a more carnivorous niche than the smaller, more herbivorous black bear. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Teisberg, Justin E.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gunther, Kerry A.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Evans, Marc A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fortin, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, POB 644236, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jfortin@wsu.edu FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); Biological Resources Division Natural Resources Preservation Program; Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Washington State University Bear Center; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park FX Funding for this project was provided by United States Geological Survey (USGS), Biological Resources Division Natural Resources Preservation Program, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Washington State University Bear Center, and Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park. Personnel support was provided by Bear Management Office, the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, and Washington State University. We thank C. Whitman, C. Dickinsen, J. Ball, G. Rasmussen, and S. Thompson for their trapping effort and T. Coleman, S. Ard, K. West, S. Podruzny, G. Monroe, T. Rosen, J. Erlenbach, K. Quinton, C. Rumble, G. Wilson, R. Mowry, C. Wickhem, B. Fitzpatrick, S. McKenzie, P. Cross, N. Counsell, K. Miller, S. Hobbs, B. Harlow, S. McGeehan for help with sample collection or analyses. We also thank the many national park rangers who assisted us in many ways, from occasional transportation to monitoring our safety. We thank the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Orofino, ID for providing Chinook salmon. We appreciate the thorough review of the manuscript by K. Noyce. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 180 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1002/jwmg.483 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 079NH UT WOS:000314176900007 ER PT J AU Calkins, ES Fuller, TK Asa, CS Sievert, PR Coonan, TJ AF Calkins, Elizabeth S. Fuller, Todd K. Asa, Cheryl S. Sievert, Paul R. Coonan, Timothy J. TI Factors influencing reproductive success and litter size in captive island foxes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; canid; captive breeding; island fox; reproduction; Urocyon littoralis ID COYOTES CANIS-LATRANS; DOMINANCE; DECLINE; CHOICE; MODEL AB A severe decline of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on the northern Channel Islands in the 1990s prompted the National Park Service to begin a captive breeding program to increase their numbers. Using detailed records of all the fox pairs (N?=?267) that were part of the program on San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz Islands from its inception in 2000 through 2007, we identified factors influencing the breeding success of pairs in captivity in the interest of formulating strategies that could increase captive productivity. We compiled a database of variables including litter size, reproductive success, distance to nearest occupied pen during the breeding season, subspecies, exposure, female age, male age, age difference, female and male origin (wild vs. captive born), same versus different origin, years paired, previous reproductive success by the pair, previous reproductive success by the female, mate aggression-related injuries, male previous involvement in a pair with mate aggression, and female previous involvement in a pair with mate aggression. We used multiple linear regression to identify factors predictive of litter size, and logistic regression to predict the probability of reproductive success. A larger inter-pen distance, older male age, less exposure, and a smaller intra-pair age difference positively affected litter size. The probabilities of reproductive success increased with fewer years paired and less exposure. Comparatively, pairs with wild born females (vs. captive born females), and previously successful pairs (vs. previously unsuccessful and new pairs) were most likely to be successful. These results indicate that the optimal situation was to pair wild-caught females with older males in sheltered pens that were as far from other pens as possible, to maintain successful pairs and repair unsuccessful ones. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Calkins, Elizabeth S.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Asa, Cheryl S.] St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Sievert, Paul R.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Coonan, Timothy J.] Channel Islands Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Calkins, ES (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM escalkins@gmail.com FU Saint Louis Zoo; United States Geological Survey FX The project was supported by the Saint Louis Zoo and a grant from the United States Geological Survey managed by M. Sovada. We thank K. Bauman, for field video equipment installation, troubleshooting from afar, and organization of the endless video review; our island interns P. Charoenpunthong, E. Posthumous, S. Roenfeldt, P. Valcarcel, and J. Carrero for able assistance; and National Park Service fox care technicians, specifically A. Guglielmino, L. Drake, T. Smith, E. Scott, and D. Watson. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1002/jwmg.492 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 079NH UT WOS:000314176900015 ER PT J AU Walker, J Rotella, JJ Schmidt, JH Loesch, CR Reynolds, RE Lindberg, MS Ringelman, JK Stephens, SE AF Walker, Johann Rotella, Jay J. Schmidt, Joshua H. Loesch, Charles R. Reynolds, Ronald E. Lindberg, Mark S. Ringelman, James K. Stephens, Scott E. TI Distribution of duck broods relative to habitat characteristics in the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas; brood survey; detection probability; ducks; habitat relationships; waterfowl conservation ID MALLARD BROODS; NORTH-DAKOTA; WETLAND SELECTION; NEST SUCCESS; BIRD COUNTS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; OCCUPANCY AB Conservation programs for breeding ducks in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada require effective means of evaluating and characterizing breeding habitat across large landscapes. Extensive surveys of the distribution of duck broods in late-summer could help identify wetland basins with greater probabilities of occupancy. Broods are difficult to detect, however, rendering presenceabsence data from single-visit surveys difficult to interpret, particularly when probability of detection is related to habitat features. Multiple-visit occupancy surveys offer a potential solution. From 20 July to 5 August 20072009, we conducted a 3-visit survey of wetland basins located on 167 10.4-km2 study plots in the PPR. Our survey focused on broods of the 5 most common breeding duck species (Anas spp.). Our main objectives were to investigate ecological relationships between occupancy of wetland basins by broods and habitat characteristics and to examine if habitat-specific detection was of enough concern to warrant multi-survey approaches in the future. We surveyed 3,226 wetland basins during the study. Probability of occupancy of a wetland basin by a brood was positively related to the log of wet area for all 5 study species and was greater on wetlands located on plots with a greater proportion of herbaceous perennial cover for 4 of 5 species. For example, the median probability of occupancy for gadwall (Anas strepera) increased from 0.08 (90% Credible Interval [CrI]: 0.07, 0.10) to 0.28 (90% CrI: 0.23, 0.33) as wet area increased from 0.19?ha to 2.12?ha, and increased from 0.12 (90% CrI: 0.09, 0.16) to 0.20 (90% CrI: 0.16, 0.25) as proportion of perennial grass cover on the study plot increased from 0.03 to 0.99. Because occupancy and detection were both related to attributes of wetland basins, we concluded that the multiple-visit survey was a useful approach for identifying habitat relationships of duck broods. Our results indicated that most broods of the study species were found in 10.4-km2 landscapes with greater densities of small- to mid-sized wetland basins and a greater proportion of herbaceous perennial vegetation. Our study provided new empirical support that could be used to help target conservation actions to the most productive landscapes for breeding ducks. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Walker, Johann; Ringelman, James K.; Stephens, Scott E.] Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Rotella, Jay J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Walker, J (reprint author), Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, 2525 River Rd, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM jwalker@ducks.org FU Prairie Pothole Joint Venture (PPJV); PPJV; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX Our study received funding, personnel, and logistical support from several cooperating partners that came together through the Prairie Pothole Joint Venture (PPJV). The PPJV, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for data collection and data analysis and in-kind contributions of vehicles and personnel-hours. The North Dakota Game and Fish Department, The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, and The Delta Waterfowl Foundation provided personnel time, vehicles and equipment for data collection. We appreciate the efforts of the numerous seasonal and permanent personnel who collected the field data. A. Royle provided advice on statistical analysis. A. Janus and A. Smith provided assistance with GIS analysis. This manuscript benefitted from revisions based on reviews provided by C. Hunter, Associate Editor J. Schmutz, and 2 anonymous peer-reviewers. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 392 EP 404 DI 10.1002/jwmg.466 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 079NH UT WOS:000314176900020 ER PT J AU Soulard, CE Esque, TC Bedford, DR Bond, S AF Soulard, Christopher E. Esque, Todd C. Bedford, David R. Bond, Sandra TI The role of fire on soil mounds and surface roughness in the Mojave Desert SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE TLS; LiDAR; fire; Mojave Desert; surface roughness; topography ID SONORAN DESERT; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; LAND DEGRADATION; NEW-MEXICO; PLANT; VEGETATION; EROSION; CALIFORNIA; MOISTURE; SCALES AB A fundamental question in arid land management centers on understanding the long-term effects of fire on desert ecosystems. To assess the effects of fire on surface topography, soil roughness, and vegetation, we used terrestrial (ground-based) LiDAR to quantify the differences between burned and unburned surfaces by creating a series of high-resolution vegetation structure and bare-earth surface models for six sample plots in the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona. We find that 11?years following prescribed burns, mound volumes, plant heights, and soil-surface roughness were significantly lower on burned relative to unburned plots. Results also suggest a linkage between vegetation and soil mounds, either through accretion or erosion mechanisms such as wind and/or water erosion. The biogeomorphic implications of fire-induced changes are significant. Reduced plant cover and altered soil surfaces from fire likely influence seed residence times, inhibit seed germination and plant establishment, and affect other ecohydrological processes. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Soulard, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, US Dept Interior, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Esque, Todd C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, US Dept Interior, Henderson, NV USA. [Bedford, David R.] US Geol Survey, Geol Energy Minerals & Geophys Sci Ctr, US Dept Interior, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bond, Sandra] US Geol Survey, Western Remote Sensing & Visualizat Ctr, US Dept Interior, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Soulard, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, US Dept Interior, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM csoulard@usgs.gov OI Bedford, David/0000-0001-9706-928X; Soulard, Christopher/0000-0002-5777-9516 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Invasive Species Program; USGS Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems (RVDE) project; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program FX This interdisciplinary study was primarily supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Invasive Species Program and the USGS Recoverability and Vulnerability of Desert Ecosystems (RVDE) project. LiDAR activities were supported by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. The authors thank Joel Sankey, Ryan Gold, Gerald Bawden, Ken Nussear, Richard Inman, Katherine Huxter, and Alicia Torregrosa of the USGS for their support and suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 38 IS 2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1002/esp.3264 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 076TP UT WOS:000313981200001 ER PT J AU Ward, FA Amer, SA Ziaee, F AF Ward, Frank A. Amer, Saud A. Ziaee, Fahimullah TI Water allocation rules in Afghanistan for improved food security SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Food security; Irrigation; Water rights; River basins; Afghanistan ID RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN CHINA; INSTITUTIONAL REFORM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REDUCTION; ECOSYSTEM; SCARCITY; BASIN; PART AB In many arid countries, rules for the allocation of irrigation water when shortages occur are poorly defined. These weaknesses present a critical constraint to food security and can be a major cause of poverty and hunger. The search for flexible rules for the allocation of irrigation water is especially important in dry regions of the developing world where drought and climate change compound the challenges faced by farmers, extension advisers, water managers and governments. Afghanistan is one country in which inflexible arrangements for allocating irrigation water when drought occurs continue to undermine its food security. This paper develops and applies an empirical framework to evaluate several arrangements for the allocation of irrigation water when shortages occur. The intent of the analysis is to identify a water allocation system for sharing shortages that minimizes the loss in economic benefits and food security by efficiently sharing water supplies when the inevitable drought occurs. An integrated decision framework for water resources is developed that unifies crop, water, and farm data. Several water allocation rules that could increase the flexibility of irrigated agriculture in dealing with water shortages are analyzed for their impacts on farm profitability and food security. Findings show that a proportional sharing of water shortages, in which each canal bears an equal proportion of overall shortages, is the most flexible rule among those analyzed for limiting threats to food security and farm income. This water sharing arrangement is also seen as fair in many cultures and is simple to administer. In the developing world, the design and practical implementation of flexible rules for adapting to periodic water supply changes are important as water shortages become more pronounced in the face of droughts and climate variability. The results provide a framework for identifying, designing, and implementing water allocation rules for food security in the developing world's irrigated areas. C1 [Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ziaee, Fahimullah] Minist Agr Irrigat & Livestock, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fward@nmsu.edu; fahimullah_z@hotmail.com FU New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; US Geological Survey; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, the Netherlands FX Support by these organizations is gratefully acknowledged:; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; US Geological Survey; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, the Netherlands NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 35 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s12571-012-0224-x PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 080YG UT WOS:000314279700005 ER PT J AU Haider, R Ghauri, MA SanFilipo, JR Jones, EJ Orem, WH Tatu, CA Alchtar, K Akhtar, N AF Haider, Rizwan Ghauri, Muhammad A. SanFilipo, John R. Jones, Elizabeth J. Orem, William H. Tatu, Calin A. Alchtar, Kalsoom Akhtar, Nasrin TI Fungal degradation of coal as a pretreatment for methane production SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Coal biosolubilization; Penicillium chrysogenum; Coal methanogenesis ID LOW-RANK COAL; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; TRICHODERMA-ATROVIRIDE; SOLUBILIZATION; BED AB Coal conversion technologies can help in taking advantage of huge low rank coal reserves by converting those into alternative fuels like methane. In this regard, fungal degradation of coal can serve as a pretreatment step in order to make coal a suitable substrate for biological beneficiation. A fungal isolate MW1, identified as Penicillium chrysogenum on the basis of fungal ITS sequences, was isolated from a core sample of coal, taken from a well drilled by the US. Geological Survey in Montana, USA. The low rank coal samples, from major coal fields of Pakistan, were treated with MW1 for 7 days in the presence of 0.1% ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source and 0.1% glucose as a supplemental carbon source. Liquid extracts were analyzed through Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMS) to obtain qualitative estimates of solubilized coal; these analyses indicated the release of complex organic functionalities. In addition, GC-MS analysis of these extracts confirmed the presence of single ring aromatics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic nitrogen compounds and aliphatics. Subsequently, the released organics were subjected to a bioassay for the generation of methane which conferred the potential application of fungal degradation as pretreatment. Additionally, fungal-mediated degradation was also prospected for extracting some other chemical entities like humic acids from brown coals with high huminite content especially from Thar, the largest lignite reserve of Pakistan. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haider, Rizwan; Ghauri, Muhammad A.; Alchtar, Kalsoom; Akhtar, Nasrin] Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Ind Biotechnol Div, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [SanFilipo, John R.; Jones, Elizabeth J.; Orem, William H.; Tatu, Calin A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ghauri, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Ind Biotechnol Div, POB 577,Jhang Rd, Faisalabad, Pakistan. EM maghauri@nibge.org RI Akhtar, Kalsoom/J-1857-2015 FU United States Agency for International Development; Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan FX The authors wish to thank the GSP staff who drilled and sampled most of the boreholes used for this study and the United States Agency for International Development who funded the drilling and the proximate-ultimate analyses. Coal from the Tongue River portion of the Powder River Basin (Montana), and the lab facilities and instrumentation used in this study, were provided by the US Geological Survey Energy Resources Program and National Research Program. Vitrinite reflectance and maceral analyses for these samples were provided by James C. Hower and Cody D. Patrick of the University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Research. Stephen E. Suitt of the USGS provided assistance with Fig. 1. This work was made possible by the financial support provided by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD FEB PY 2013 VL 104 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 079SI UT WOS:000314192100083 ER PT J AU Schultner, J Kitaysky, AS Welcker, J Hatch, S AF Schultner, Jannik Kitaysky, Alexander S. Welcker, Jorg Hatch, Scott TI Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allostasis; anorexia; baseline corticosterone; body condition; environmental conditions; fitness; food stress; life history; trade-offs; wing loading ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BODY CONDITION; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; POPULATION PROCESSES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; BASE-LINE AB The ability to store energy endogenously is an important ecological mechanism that allows animals to buffer predictable and unpredictable variation in allostatic load. The secretion of glucocorticoids, which reflects changes in allostatic load, is suggested to play a major role in the adjustment of endogenous stores to these varying conditions. Although crucially important, the relationship between allostatic load and energy stores remains largely unexplored. Two contrasting hypotheses describe how stores may be adjusted: animals may use low allostatic loads to increase stores to a maximum possible (fat and fit), or they can attain a lean physique due to fitness advantages of a low body mass (lean and fit). We compiled observational and experimental data available for a long-lived seabird to examine the relationship between glucocorticoids and stored energy at two life history stages (incubation and chick-rearing). Data were collected across multiple years and colonies in the North Pacific, thereby reflecting the wide range of environmental conditions birds' encounter in the marine environment. During experimental manipulations, allostatic load was minimized by supplementing food to free-living birds. We found that the relationship between allostatic load and energy stores was clearly curvilinear at both life history stages. Observational data suggested that energy stores remained relatively stable under low allostatic load and decreased under high loads. Experimental data showed that birds did not maximize energy stores under favourable conditions but maintained energy stores below a physiologically attainable level. Energy stores remained consistently lower during chick-rearing compared to incubation across the wide range of variations in allostatic load suggesting that stage-specific trade-offs limit the accumulation of energy during favourable environmental conditions. Secretion of glucocorticoids did not appear to mediate this shift in energy stores between the life history stages. Overall, results of this study support the lean and fit hypothesis. We conclude that increased energy stores may not necessarily reflect better environmental conditions experienced by individuals or predict their higher fitness. A major advantage of adopting a lean physique when environmental conditions allow may be the avoidance of additional energetic costs for moving a heavy body. In breeding seabirds, this advantage may be more important during chick-rearing. In the focal species, the secretion of glucocorticoids might be involved in regulation of energy stores within a life history stage but does not appear to mediate an adaptive shift in energy stores between the incubating and chick-rearing stages of reproduction. C1 [Schultner, Jannik] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Schultner, Jannik; Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Welcker, Jorg] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Welcker, Jorg] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Hatch, Scott] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM askitaysky@alaska.edu RI Schultner, Jannik/G-2264-2010 OI Schultner, Jannik/0000-0002-5865-7975 FU North Pacific by the North Pacific Research Board [320, B67, B77]; Norwegian Research Council [196181] FX We thank all the numerous participants involved in the collection of field data on various seabird colonies throughout the years. We owe special thanks to Evgenia Kitaiskaia for her meticulous CORT analyses - this study would not be possible without her continuous involvement and support. We are grateful to John Wingfield and members of Kitaysky lab at UAF for their thoughtful contributions and lively discussions of our study. Earlier versions of the manuscript were improved in response to valuable suggestions of John Piatt, two anonymous reviewers and handling editors of Functional Ecology. We acknowledge generous support of our long-term studies in the North Pacific by the North Pacific Research Board (grants #320, B67, B77 to ASK) and the National Science Foundation (EPSCOR and BSIERP NSF-NPRB joint research programme). Our collaboration, during which this manuscript was generated, is funded by the Norwegian Research Council (grant #196181). NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02058.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 079JN UT WOS:000314166500007 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Barry, JP Paull, CK AF Xu, J. P. Barry, James P. Paull, Charles K. TI Small-scale turbidity currents in a big submarine canyon SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY; CHANNEL; SHELF AB Field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents, especially diluted currents, are extremely rare. We present a dilute turbidity current recorded by instrumented moorings 14.5 km apart at 1300 and 1860 m water depth. The sediment concentration within the flow was 0.017%, accounting for 18 cm/s gravity current speed due to density excess. Tidal currents of similar to 30 cm/s during the event provided a "tailwind" that assisted the down-canyon movement of the turbidity current and its sediment plume. High-resolution velocity measurements suggested that the turbidity current was likely the result of a local canyon wall slumping near the 1300 m mooring. Frequent occurrences, in both space and time, of such weak sediment transport events could be an important mechanism to cascade sediment and other particles, and to help sustain the vibrant ecosystems in deep-sea canyons. C1 [Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barry, James P.; Paull, Charles K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank Kurt Rosenberger, Joanne Feirrera, and Patrick Whaling for preparing the instruments and processing the data. The crews of the RN Western Flyer are acknowledged for ably deploying and recovering the moorings. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. Comments from Marlene Noble, Russell Wynn, and two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1130/G33727.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 081MV UT WOS:000314327200012 ER PT J AU Dumitru, TA Ernst, WG Wright, JE Wooden, JL Wells, RE Farmer, LP Kent, AJR Graham, SA AF Dumitru, Trevor A. Ernst, W. G. Wright, James E. Wooden, Joseph L. Wells, Ray E. Farmer, Lucian P. Kent, Adam J. R. Graham, Stephan A. TI Eocene extension in Idaho generated massive sediment floods into the Franciscan trench and into the Tyee, Great Valley, and Green River basins SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; PROVENANCE; EROSION; CONSTRAINTS; CORDILLERA; SUBDUCTION; MOUNTAINS; BATHOLITH AB The Franciscan Complex accretionary prism was assembled during an similar to 165-m.y.-long period of subduction of Pacific Ocean plates beneath the western margin of the North American plate. In such fossil subduction complexes, it is generally difficult to reconstruct details of the accretion of continent-derived sediments and to evaluate the factors that controlled accretion. New detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate that much of the major Coastal belt subunit of the Franciscan Complex represents a massive, relatively brief, surge of near-trench deposition and accretion during Eocene time (ca. 53-49 Ma). Sediments were sourced mainly from the distant Idaho Batholith region rather than the nearby Sierra Nevada. Idaho detritus also fed the Great Valley forearc basin of California (ca. 53-37 Ma), the Tyee forearc basin of coastal Oregon (49 to ca. 36 Ma), and the greater Green River lake basin of Wyoming (50-47 Ma). Plutonism in the Idaho Batholith spanned 98-53 Ma in a contractional setting; it was abruptly superseded by major extension in the Bitterroot, Anaconda, Clearwater, and Priest River metamorphic core complexes (53-40 Ma) and by major volcanism in the Challis volcanic field (51-43 Ma). This extensional tectonism apparently deformed and uplifted a broad region, shedding voluminous sediments toward depocenters to the west and southeast. In the Franciscan Coastal belt, the major increase in sediment input apparently triggered a pulse of massive accretion, a pulse ultimately controlled by continental tectonism far within the interior of the North American plate, rather than by some tectonic event along the plate boundary itself. C1 [Dumitru, Trevor A.; Ernst, W. G.; Wooden, Joseph L.; Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wright, James E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Farmer, Lucian P.; Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dumitru, TA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0809226, EAR-0948676]; [EAR-1032156] FX We thank J.A. Vance for sharing his Tyee zircon samples, the Australian National University and the University of Arizona LaserChron Center for most of the U-Pb analyses, and R.J. McLaughlin, E.L. Miller, M. Grove, and M.B. Underwood for valuable discussions and reviews. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0809226 and EAR-0948676. The LaserChron Center was supported by grant EAR-1032156. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1130/G33746.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 081MV UT WOS:000314327200023 ER PT J AU Orr, TR Thelen, WA Patrick, MR Swanson, DA Wilson, DC AF Orr, Tim R. Thelen, Weston A. Patrick, Matthew R. Swanson, Donald A. Wilson, David C. TI Explosive eruptions triggered by rockfalls at Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JET FORMATION AB Ongoing eruptive activity at Kilauea volcano's (Hawaii) summit has been controlled in part by the evolution of its vent from a 35-m-diameter opening into a collapse crater 150 m across. Geologic observations, in particular from a network of webcams, have provided an unprecedented look at collapse crater development, lava lake dynamics, and shallow outgassing processes. These observations show unequivocally that the hundreds of transient outgassing bursts and weak explosive eruptions that have punctuated the vent's otherwise nearly steady-state behavior, and that are associated with composite seismic events, were triggered by rockfalls from the vent walls onto the top of the lava column. While the process by which rockfalls drive the explosive bursts is not fully understood, we believe that it is initiated by the generation of a rebound splash, or Worthington jet, which then undergoes fragmentation. The external triggering of low-energy outgassing events by rockfalls represents a new class of small transient explosive eruptions. C1 [Orr, Tim R.; Thelen, Weston A.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Wilson, David C.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. RP Orr, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1130/G33564.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 081MV UT WOS:000314327200028 ER PT J AU Colgan, JP AF Colgan, Joseph P. TI Reappraisal of the relationship between the northern Nevada rift and Miocene extension in the northern Basin and Range Province SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS CORE COMPLEX; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; CAETANO CALDERA; EVOLUTION; MAGMATISM; TECTONISM; STRESS AB The northern Nevada rift is a prominent mafic dike swarm and magnetic anomaly in north-central Nevada inferred to record the Middle Miocene (16.5-15.0 Ma) extension direction in the northern Basin and Range province in the western United States. From the 245 degrees-250 degrees rift direction, Basin and Range extension is inferred to have shifted 45 degrees clockwise to a modern direction of 290 degrees-300 degrees during the late Miocene. The region surrounding the northern Nevada rift was actively extending while the rift formed, and these domains are all characterized by extension oriented 280 degrees-300 degrees. This direction is distinctly different from the rift direction and nearly identical to the modern Basin and Range direction. Although the rate, structural style, and distribution of Basin and Range extension appear to have undergone a significant change in the late Miocene (ca. 10 Ma), the overall spreading direction does not. Middle Miocene extension was directed perpendicular to the axis of the thickest crust formed during Mesozoic shortening and this orientation may reflect gravitational collapse of this thick crust. Orientation of northern Nevada rift dikes may reflect a short-lived regional stress field related to the onset of Yellowstone hotspot volcanism. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Colgan, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jcolgan@usgs.gov OI Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1130/G33512.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 081MV UT WOS:000314327200029 ER PT J AU Auer, SK Martin, TE AF Auer, Sonya K. Martin, Thomas E. TI Climate change has indirect effects on resource use and overlap among coexisting bird species with negative consequences for their reproductive success SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; habitat selection; nest predation; plant populations; trophic interactions; ungulate browsing ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; HABITAT SEGREGATION; MAYFIELD METHOD; NEST SUCCESS; PREDATION; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; HERBIVORES AB Climate change can modify ecological interactions, but whether it can have cascading effects throughout ecological networks of multiple interacting species remains poorly studied. Climate-driven alterations in the intensity of plant-herbivore interactions may have particularly profound effects on the larger community because plants provide habitat for a wide diversity of organisms. Here we show that changes in vegetation over the last 21 years, due to climate effects on plant-herbivore interactions, have consequences for songbird nest site overlap and breeding success. Browsing-induced reductions in the availability of preferred nesting sites for two of three ground nesting songbirds led to increasing overlap in nest site characteristics among all three bird species with increasingly negative consequences for reproductive success over the long term. These results demonstrate that changes in the vegetation community from effects of climate change on plant-herbivore interactions can cause subtle shifts in ecological interactions that have critical demographic ramifications for other species in the larger community. C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Auer, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 201 Holdsworth Hall,160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM myioborus@yahoo.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0 841 764, DEB-1 241 041] FX We would like to thank the numerous research assistants and graduate students that helped in monitoring nests and measuring the vegetation characteristics of nest and random sites over the last 21 years. We also acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0 841 764, DEB-1 241 041) to TEM. This work was conducted under University of Montana IACUC #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1111/gcb.12062 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CQ UT WOS:000314219200008 PM 23504780 ER PT J AU Franklin, J Davis, FW Ikegami, M Syphard, AD Flint, LE Flint, AL Hannah, L AF Franklin, Janet Davis, Frank W. Ikegami, Makihiko Syphard, Alexandra D. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. Hannah, Lee TI Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine scale do climate projections need to be? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; California; climate change; downscaling; habitat; impacts; spatial resolution; terrain; topography ID LANDSCAPE-SCALE; CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CHANGE IMPACTS; VEGETATION; TERRAIN; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; GRADIENTS; RADIATION AB Recent studies suggest that species distribution models (SDMs) based on fine-scale climate data may provide markedly different estimates of climate-change impacts than coarse-scale models. However, these studies disagree in their conclusions of how scale influences projected species distributions. In rugged terrain, coarse-scale climate grids may not capture topographically controlled climate variation at the scale that constitutes microhabitat or refugia for some species. Although finer scale data are therefore considered to better reflect climatic conditions experienced by species, there have been few formal analyses of how modeled distributions differ with scale. We modeled distributions for 52 plant species endemic to the California Floristic Province of different life forms and range sizes under recent and future climate across a 2000-fold range of spatial scales (0.008-16 km(2)). We produced unique current and future climate datasets by separately downscaling 4 km climate models to three finer resolutions based on 800, 270, and 90 m digital elevation models and deriving bioclimatic predictors from them. As climate-data resolution became coarser, SDMs predicted larger habitat area with diminishing spatial congruence between fine-and coarse-scale predictions. These trends were most pronounced at the coarsest resolutions and depended on climate scenario and species' range size. On average, SDMs projected onto 4 km climate data predicted 42% more stable habitat (the amount of spatial overlap between predicted current and future climatically suitable habitat) compared with 800 m data. We found only modest agreement between areas predicted to be stable by 90 m models generalized to 4 km grids compared with areas classified as stable based on 4 km models, suggesting that some climate refugia captured at finer scales may be missed using coarser scale data. These differences in projected locations of habitat change may have more serious implications than net habitat area when predictive maps form the basis of conservation decision making. C1 [Franklin, Janet] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Davis, Frank W.; Ikegami, Makihiko; Hannah, Lee] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int, Sci & Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Franklin, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, POB 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Janet.franklin@asu.edu RI IKEGAMI, Makihiko/E-6612-2012; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BCS-0824708, DEB-0824708, EF-1065826]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER64159]; California Energy Commission [500-08-020]; Nature Conservancy FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (BCS-0824708 and DEB-0824708 to J. F and EF-1065826 to F. D.), the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FC02-06ER64159) to J. F., the California Energy Commission (500-08-020) to F. D., M. I., and L. H., and by The Nature Conservancy, for which we are grateful to R. Shaw. We also thank H. M. Regan., D. D. Ackerly, and J. Ripplinger for commenting on an earlier draft of this article, which was also greatly improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 13 U2 191 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1111/gcb.12051 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CQ UT WOS:000314219200013 PM 23504785 ER PT J AU Olefeldt, D Turetsky, MR Crill, PM McGuire, AD AF Olefeldt, David Turetsky, Merritt R. Crill, Patrick M. McGuire, A. David TI Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methane; permafrost; sedges; static chambers; tundra; wetlands ID SUB-ARCTIC MIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CH4 FLUXES; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; POLYGONAL TUNDRA; BOREAL PEATLANDS; VASCULAR PLANTS; CARBON RELEASE; WINTER FLUXES AB Methane (CH4) emissions from the northern high-latitude region represent potentially significant biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system. We compiled a database of growing-season CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems located across permafrost zones, including 303 sites described in 65 studies. Data on environmental and physical variables, including permafrost conditions, were used to assess controls on CH4 emissions. Water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition strongly influenced emissions and had interacting effects. Sites with a dense sedge cover had higher emissions than other sites at comparable water table positions, and this was an effect that was more pronounced at low soil temperatures. Sensitivity analysis suggested that CH4 emissions from ecosystems where the water table on average is at or above the soil surface (wet tundra, fen underlain by permafrost, and littoral ecosystems) are more sensitive to variability in soil temperature than drier ecosystems (palsa dry tundra, bog, and fen), whereas the latter ecosystems conversely are relatively more sensitive to changes of the water table position. Sites with near-surface permafrost had lower CH4 fluxes than sites without permafrost at comparable water table positions, a difference that was explained by lower soil temperatures. Neither the active layer depth nor the organic soil layer depth was related to CH4 emissions. Permafrost thaw in lowland regions is often associated with increased soil moisture, higher soil temperatures, and increased sedge cover. In our database, lowland thermokarst sites generally had higher emissions than adjacent sites with intact permafrost, but emissions from thermokarst sites were not statistically higher than emissions from permafrost-free sites with comparable environmental conditions. Overall, these results suggest that future changes to terrestrial high-latitude CH4 emissions will be more proximately related to changes in moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation composition than to increased availability of organic matter following permafrost thaw. C1 [Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Crill, Patrick M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Olefeldt, D (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Sci Complex, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM dolefeld@uoguelph.ca RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; OI Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 FU National Science Foundation for the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [DEB-0955341]; Alaska Peatland Experiment [DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program; NSF [DEB-1026415]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center; Department of Interior Arctic and Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperatives, and by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) FX Support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation for the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network (DEB-0955341), the Alaska Peatland Experiment (DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997) and for the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF Grant DEB-1026415 and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research). Support was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center, the Department of Interior Arctic and Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperatives, and by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research). We thank T. Sachs, F.-J. Parmentier and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that have significantly improved the manuscript. NR 94 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 17 U2 289 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 589 EP 603 DI 10.1111/gcb.12071 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CQ UT WOS:000314219200023 PM 23504795 ER PT J AU Fan, ZS McGuire, AD Turetsky, MR Harden, JW Waddington, JM Kane, ES AF Fan, Zhaosheng McGuire, Anthony David Turetsky, Merritt R. Harden, Jennifer W. Waddington, James Michael Kane, Evan S. TI The response of soil organic carbon of a rich fen peatland in interior Alaska to projected climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal; carbon; climate change; fen; methane; model; peatland; soil CO2 flux ID BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; WATER-TABLE LEVELS; METHANE EMISSIONS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LABORATORY INCUBATIONS; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ROOT DYNAMICS; CO2; MODEL AB It is important to understand the fate of carbon in boreal peatland soils in response to climate change because a substantial change in release of this carbon as CO2 and CH4 could influence the climate system. The goal of this research was to synthesize the results of a field water table manipulation experiment conducted in a boreal rich fen into a process-based model to understand how soil organic carbon (SOC) of the rich fen might respond to projected climate change. This model, the peatland version of the dynamic organic soil Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (peatland DOS-TEM), was calibrated with data collected during 2005-2011 from the control treatment of a boreal rich fen in the Alaska Peatland Experiment (APEX). The performance of the model was validated with the experimental data measured from the raised and lowered water-table treatments of APEX during the same period. The model was then applied to simulate future SOC dynamics of the rich fen control site under various CO2 emission scenarios. The results across these emissions scenarios suggest that the rate of SOC sequestration in the rich fen will increase between year 2012 and 2061 because the effects of warming increase heterotrophic respiration less than they increase carbon inputs via production. However, after 2061, the rate of SOC sequestration will be weakened and, as a result, the rich fen will likely become a carbon source to the atmosphere between 2062 and 2099. During this period, the effects of projected warming increase respiration so that it is greater than carbon inputs via production. Although changes in precipitation alone had relatively little effect on the dynamics of SOC, changes in precipitation did interact with warming to influence SOC dynamics for some climate scenarios. C1 [Fan, Zhaosheng] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McGuire, Anthony David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 1G2, Canada. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Waddington, James Michael] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Kane, Evan S.] ARS, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Fan, ZS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM zfan2@alaska.edu RI Turetsky, Merritt/B-1255-2013 FU National Science Foundation for the APEX project (NSF) [DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program; NSF [DEB-0620579]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Grant [PNW01-JV11261952-231] FX This research was accomplished with support from the National Science Foundation for the APEX project (NSF; DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997), and support from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF Grant DEB-0620579, and by USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Grant PNW01-JV11261952-231). We thank the numerous postdoctoral scientists, students, and technicians that have helped to collect data at the APEX sites, in particular Molly Chivers, Claire Treat, Gordon Shelter, Bill Cable, Ronnie Daanen, Collin Macheel, Amy Churchill, Nicole McConnell, Katie Shea, and Sara Klapstein. The authors also greatly appreciate the helpful comments from Steve Frolking (University of New Hampshire, USA) and two anonymous reviewers. NR 92 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 144 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 604 EP 620 DI 10.1111/gcb.12041 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CQ UT WOS:000314219200024 PM 23504796 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH McKenna, JE Douglass, KA AF Johnson, J. H. McKenna, J. E., Jr. Douglass, K. A. TI Movement and feeding ecology of recently emerged steelhead in Lake Ontario tributaries SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-TRUTTA-L; SUBYEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; STREAM CHANNELS; DOWNSTREAM MOVEMENT; WATER VELOCITY; DAILY RATIONS; NEW-YORK AB Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ascend several Lake Ontario tributaries to spawn and juveniles are often the most abundant salmonid where spawning is successful. Movement and diet of recently emerged subyearling steelhead were examined in three New York tributaries of Lake Ontario. Downstream movement occurred mainly at night and consisted of significantly smaller fry that were feeding at lower levels than resident fry. Fry fed at the highest rate during the day and chironomids and baetids were the main components of their diet. The diet composition of steelhead fry was closely associated with the composition of the benthos in Trout Brook but more similar to the composition of the drift in the other streams. Daily ration was similar among streams, ranging from 10.2 to 14.3%. These findings are consistent with previous findings on the ecology of steelhead fry, as well as fry of other salmonid species. C1 [Johnson, J. H.; McKenna, J. E., Jr.; Douglass, K. A.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1111/jai.12032 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 070ZD UT WOS:000313553400031 ER PT J AU Tang, FJ Liu, W Wang, JL Brown, A AF Tang, F. J. Liu, W. Wang, J. L. Brown, A. TI On the occurrence of the clearhead icefish, Protosalanx hyaloranius (Salmoniformes: Salangidae), in the Songhua River, the largest tributary of Amur River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Tang, F. J.; Liu, W.; Wang, J. L.] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Res Inst, Harbin 150070, Peoples R China. [Brown, A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tang, FJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Res Inst, Harbin 150070, Peoples R China. EM rivery2008@163.com; liuwei_1020@yahoo.com.cn FU Innovation Talents of Science and Technology Special Fund of Harbin City [2010RFXYN047]; Central-level Nonprofit Scientific Research Institute Special Fund [201014] FX We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Teng Zhanfu for his assistance with the sampling program. This project was supported by the 'Innovation Talents of Science and Technology Special Fund of Harbin City' (grant number 2010RFXYN047) and the Central-level Nonprofit Scientific Research Institute Special Fund (grant number 201014). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02050.x PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 070ZD UT WOS:000313553400035 ER PT J AU Hagstrum, JT AF Hagstrum, Jonathan T. TI Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic 'map' cues SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian navigation; avian map; Columba livia; release-site bias; infrasound; microbarom; microseism ID OLFACTORY NAVIGATION; ORIENTATION; EARTHQUAKE; MICROSEISMS; OCEAN; SHIFT AB Results from an acoustic ray-tracing program using daily meteorological profiles are presented to explain 'release-site biases' for homing pigeons at three experimental sites in upstate New York where W. T. Keeton and his co-workers at Cornell University conducted extensive releases between 1968 and 1987 in their investigations of the avian navigational 'map'. The sites are the Jersey Hill and Castor Hill fire towers, and another near Weedsport, where control pigeons from the Cornell loft vanished in random directions, in directions consistently >50 deg clockwise and in directions similar to 15 deg clockwise from the homeward bearing, respectively. Because Cornell pigeons were disoriented at Jersey Hill whereas birds from other lofts were not, it is inferred that Jersey Hill lies within an acoustic 'shadow' zone relative to infrasonic signals originating from the Cornell loft's vicinity. Such signals could arise from ground-to-air coupling of near-continuous microseisms, or from scattering of direct microbaroms off terrain features, both of which are initially generated by wave-wave interactions in the deep ocean. HARPA runs show that little or no infrasound from the loft area arrived at Jersey Hill on days when Cornell pigeons were disoriented there, and that homeward infrasonic signals could have arrived at all three sites from directions consistent with pigeon departure bearings, especially on days when these bearings were unusual. The general stability of release-site biases might be due to influences of terrain on transmission of the homeward signals under prevailing weather patterns, whereas short-term changes in biases might be caused by rapid shifts in atmospheric conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hagstrum, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhag@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 37 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 216 IS 4 BP 687 EP 699 DI 10.1242/jeb.072934 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 081RR UT WOS:000314340500021 PM 23364573 ER PT J AU Steen, DA McClure, CJW Smith, LL Halstead, BJ Dodd, CK Sutton, WB Lee, JR Baxley, DL Humphries, WJ Guyer, C AF Steen, D. A. McClure, C. J. W. Smith, L. L. Halstead, B. J. Dodd, C. K., Jr. Sutton, W. B. Lee, J. R. Baxley, D. L. Humphries, W. J. Guyer, C. TI The effect of coachwhip presence on body size of North American racers suggests competition between these sympatric snakes SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE character displacement; competition; morphology; reptile; squamate; snake ID ECOLOGICAL CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; COLUBER-CONSTRICTOR; POTENTIAL COMPETITORS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; IRISH MUSTELIDS; PREY SIZE; REPTILES; DIMORPHISM; HISTORY; GROWTH AB When sympatric species compete, character divergence may help maintain coexistence. Snakes are often found in species-rich assemblages while exploiting similar resources; because snake body size is a relatively plastic trait that determines the range of prey sizes an individual may consume, divergence in body size between sympatric species may arise as a result of interspecific interactions. The North American racer, Coluber constrictor, and the larger coachwhip, Coluber flagellum, have a close taxonomic relationship and similar foraging strategies. Therefore, we hypothesized that C.?constrictor would be smaller where they co-occur with C.?flagellum, as compared to where C.?flagellum is absent, throughout the southeastern extent of their range. To evaluate this hypothesis, we obtained data on body size for 2321 adult C.?constrictor and 526 adult C.?flagellum, along with habitat data and other potentially important factors influencing body size. Coluber constrictor was smaller than elsewhere when in peninsular Florida, in pine forests, on hydric soils and in the presence of the larger and potentially competing C.?flagellum. Body size of C.?flagellum did not vary by any measured habitat variables. The trends we documented are consistent with the hypothesis that C.?constrictor body size is influenced by several variables, including co-occurrence with C.?flagellum. C1 [Steen, D. A.; Smith, L. L.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA USA. [Steen, D. A.; McClure, C. J. W.; Guyer, C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Halstead, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA. [Dodd, C. K., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sutton, W. B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lee, J. R.] Nature Conservancy, Camp Shelby, MI USA. [Baxley, D. L.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY USA. [Humphries, W. J.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Steen, DA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM davidasteen@gmail.com OI McClure, Christopher/0000-0003-1216-7425 FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1696]; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Wildlife Legacy Initiative program; US Fish and Wildlife Service's State Wildlife Grants program [SWG 05-020, 060010]; University of Florida; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center; Research Division of the US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for the Eglin Air Force Base study was provided by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project Number: SI-1696. The Jones Center project was partially funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Wildlife Legacy Initiative program and the US Fish and Wildlife Service's State Wildlife Grants program (Grant # SWG 05-020, Agreement # 060010). Matching funds were provided by the University of Florida and Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center. Sampling on the Katharine Ordway Biological Station was supported by the Research Division of the US Fish and Wildlife Service to CKD. We thank the many field technicians who provided assistance collecting associated data. R. Franz, J. Borden, D. Stevenson, J. D. Willson, J. W. Gibbons, J. Greene, K. Andrews, B. Gregory, K. Messenger and J. Boundy provided data for this research. E. P. Cox and Auburn University librarians provided assistance obtaining references. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 289 IS 2 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00965.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074SI UT WOS:000313833200002 ER PT J AU Cook, AE Anderson, BI Rasmus, J Sun, KL Li, QM Collett, TS Goldberg, DS AF Cook, Ann E. Anderson, Barbara I. Rasmus, John Sun, Keli Li, Qiming Collett, Timothy S. Goldberg, David S. TI Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico (vol 34, pg 72, 2012) SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Cook, Ann E.] CNR, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Rasmus, John; Sun, Keli; Li, Qiming] Schlumberger, Sugar Land, TX USA. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cook, Ann E.; Goldberg, David S.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Cook, AE (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Rt 9 W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM acook@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Cook, Ann/D-8798-2013 OI Cook, Ann/0000-0002-5658-0329 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 40 BP 135 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.11.001 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 080PB UT WOS:000314253800007 ER PT J AU Comrie, AC McCabe, GJ AF Comrie, Andrew C. McCabe, Gregory J. TI Global air temperature variability independent of sea-surface temperature influences SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate variability; global change; global temperature; sea-surface temperature ID ATLANTIC CLIMATE VARIABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; OCEAN AB Mean global surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) display substantial variability on timescales ranging from annual to multi-decadal. We review the key recent literature on connections between global SAT and SST variability. Although individual ocean influences on SAT have been recognized, the combined contributions of worldwide SST variability on the global SAT signal have not been clearly identified in observed data. We analyze these relations using principal components of detrended SST, and find that removing the underlying combined annual, decadal, and multi-decadal SST variability from the SAT time series reveals a nearly monotonic global warming trend in SAT since about 1900. C1 [Comrie, Andrew C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Comrie, AC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM comrie@arizona.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 EI 1477-0296 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1177/0309133312460074 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 080KK UT WOS:000314240500002 ER PT J AU Azamathulla, HM Jarrett, RD AF Azamathulla, H. Md Jarrett, Robert D. TI Use of Gene-Expression Programming to Estimate Manning's Roughness Coefficient for High Gradient Streams SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Open-channel flow; Manning's roughness coefficient; Gene-expression programming; Artificial neural networks; High gradient streams; Mountain Rivers ID SAND-BED CHANNELS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; NATURAL CHANNELS; FLOW RESISTANCE; HYDRAULICS; DISCHARGES; RIVERS; SCOUR; DEPTH AB Manning's roughness coefficient (n) has been widely used in the estimation of flood discharges or depths of flow in natural channels. Therefore, the selection of appropriate Manning's n values is of paramount importance for hydraulic engineers and hydrologists and requires considerable experience, although extensive guidelines are available. Generally, the largest source of error in post-flood estimates (termed indirect measurements) is due to estimates of Manning's n values, particularly when there has been minimal field verification of flow resistance. This emphasizes the need to improve methods for estimating n values. The objective of this study was to develop a soft computing model in the estimation of the Manning's n values using 75 discharge measurements on 21 high gradient streams in Colorado, USA. The data are from high gradient (S > 0.002 m/m), cobble- and boulder-bed streams for within bank flows. This study presents Gene-Expression Programming (GEP), an extension of Genetic Programming (GP), as an improved approach to estimate Manning's roughness coefficient for high gradient streams. This study uses field data and assessed the potential of gene-expression programming (GEP) to estimate Manning's n values. GEP is a search technique that automatically simplifies genetic programs during an evolutionary processes (or evolves) to obtain the most robust computer program (e.g., simplify mathematical expressions, decision trees, polynomial constructs, and logical expressions). Field measurements collected by Jarrett (J Hydraulic Eng ASCE 110: 1519-1539, 1984) were used to train the GEP network and evolve programs. The developed network and evolved programs were validated by using observations that were not involved in training. GEP and ANN-RBF (artificial neural network-radial basis function) models were found to be substantially more effective (e.g., R-2 for testing/validation of GEP and RBF-ANN is 0.745 and 0.65, respectively) than Jarrett's (J Hydraulic Eng ASCE 110: 1519-1539, 1984) equation (R-2 for testing/validation equals 0.58) in predicting the Manning's n. C1 [Azamathulla, H. Md] Univ Sains Malaysia, River Engn & Urban Drainage Res Ctr REDAC, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. [Jarrett, Robert D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Azamathulla, HM (reprint author), Univ Sains Malaysia, River Engn & Urban Drainage Res Ctr REDAC, Engn Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. EM azmatheditor@gmail.com; rjarrett@usgs.gov RI Hazi Mohammad, Azamathulla/F-6600-2010 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 715 EP 729 DI 10.1007/s11269-012-0211-1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 077WX UT WOS:000314061200005 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Gale, RW AF Beyer, W. Nelson Gale, Robert W. TI Persistence and Changes in Bioavailability of Dieldrin, DDE, and Heptachlor Epoxide in Earthworms Over 45 Years SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Organochlorine; Insecticide; Soil aging; Bioconcentration ID ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; BOUND RESIDUES; ORCHARD SOILS; RISK AB The finding of dieldrin (88 ng/g), DDE (52 ng/g), and heptachlor epoxide (19 ng/g) in earthworms from experimental plots after a single moderate application (9 kg/ha) 45 years earlier attests to the remarkable persistence of these compounds in soil and their continued uptake by soil organisms. Half-lives (with 95 % confidence intervals) in earthworms, estimated from exponential decay equations, were as follows: dieldrin 4.9 (4.3-5.7) years, DDE 5.3 (4.7-6.1) years, and heptachlor epoxide 4.3 (3.8-4.9) years. These half-lives were not significantly different from those estimated after 20 years. Concentration factors (dry weight earthworm tissue/dry weight soil) were initially high and decreased mainly during the first 11 years after application. By the end of the study, average concentration factors were 1.5 (dieldrin), 4.0 (DDE), and 1.8 (heptachlor epoxide), respectively. C1 [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gale, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nbeyer@usgs.gov; rgale@usgs.gov FU Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (US Geological Survey) FX This study was supported by funding from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (US Geological Survey). NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s13280-012-0340-z PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073DA UT WOS:000313722400009 PM 23001942 ER PT J AU Rhea, DT Farag, AM Harper, DD McConnell, E Brumbaugh, WG AF Rhea, Darren T. Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. McConnell, Elizabeth Brumbaugh, William G. TI Mercury and Selenium Concentrations in Biofilm, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish Collected in the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho, USA, and Their Potential Effects on Fish Health (vol 64, pg 130, 2013) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Rhea, Darren T.; Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. [McConnell, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MO USA. [Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 64 IS 2 BP 345 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00244-012-9855-3 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 077PW UT WOS:000314040800019 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Fountain, AG AF McCabe, Gregory J. Fountain, Andrew G. TI Glacier variability in the conterminous United States during the twentieth century SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SNOWPACK; USA; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; WASHINGTON; MOUNTAINS; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; ATTRIBUTION AB Glaciers of the conterminous United States have been receding for the past century. Since 1900 the recession has varied from a 24 % loss in area (Mt. Rainier, Washington) to a 66 % loss in the Lewis Range of Montana. The rates of retreat are generally similar with a rapid loss in the early decades of the 20th century, slowing in the 1950s-1970s, and a resumption of rapid retreat starting in the 1990s. Decadal estimates of changes in glacier area for a subset of 31 glaciers from 1900 to 2000 are used to test a snow water equivalent model that is subsequently employed to examine the effects of temperature and precipitation variability on annual glacier area changes for these glaciers. Model results indicate that both winter precipitation and winter temperature have been important climatic factors affecting the variability of glacier variability during the 20th Century. Most of the glaciers analyzed appear to be more sensitive to temperature variability than to precipitation variability. However, precipitation variability is important, especially for high elevation glaciers. Additionally, glaciers with areas greater than 1 km(2) are highly sensitive to variability in temperature. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80255 USA. [Fountain, Andrew G.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80255 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2013 VL 116 IS 3-4 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0502-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073IQ UT WOS:000313737100007 ER PT J AU Ryan, ME Johnson, JR Fitzpatrick, BM Lowenstine, LJ Picco, AM Shaffer, HB AF Ryan, Maureen E. Johnson, Jarrett R. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M. Lowenstine, Linda J. Picco, Angela M. Shaffer, H. Bradley TI Lethal Effects of Water Quality on Threatened California Salamanders but Not on Co-Occurring Hybrid Salamanders SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Ambystoma; californiense; die-off; pesticide; tigrinum ID TIGER SALAMANDER; HYBRIDIZATION; AMBYSTOMA; SEGREGATION; ADMIXTURE; GENOTYPES; EVOLUTION; FROGS AB Biological invasions and habitat alteration are often detrimental to native species, but their interactions are difficult to predict. Interbreeding between native and introduced species generates novel genotypes and phenotypes, and human land use alters habitat structure and chemistry. Both invasions and habitat alteration create new biological challenges and opportunities. In the intensively farmed Salinas Valley, California (U.S.A.), threatened California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) have been replaced by hybrids between California tiger salamander and introduced barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). We conducted an enclosure experiment to examine the effects habitat modification and relative frequency of hybrid and native California tiger salamanders have on recruitment of salamanders and their prey, Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla). We tested whether recruitment differed among genetic classes of tiger salamanders (hybrid or native) and pond hydroperiod (seasonal or perennial). Roughly 6 weeks into the experiment, 70% (of 378 total) of salamander larvae died in 4 out of 6 ponds. Native salamanders survived (n = 12) in these ponds only if they had metamorphosed prior to the die-offs. During die-offs, all larvae of native salamanders died, whereas 56% of hybrid larvae died. We necropsied native and hybrid salamanders, tested water quality, and queried the California Department of Pesticide Regulation database to investigate possible causes of the die-offs. Salamander die-offs, changes in the abundance of other community members (invertebrates, algae, and cyanobacteria), shifts in salamander sex ratio, and patterns of pesticide application in adjacent fields suggest that pesticide use may have contributed to die-offs. That all survivors were hybrids suggests that environmental stress may promote rapid displacement of native genotypes. C1 [Ryan, Maureen E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ryan, Maureen E.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Jarrett R.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lowenstine, Linda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Picco, Angela M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific SW Reg Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Shaffer, H. Bradley] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Shaffer, H. Bradley] Univ Calif Los Angeles, La Kretz Ctr Calif Conservat Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ryan, ME (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 201 More Hall,Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM moryan@u.washington.edu FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship [FP-91655501]; California Department of Fish and Game [3-441096-83153-P068594]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516475]; University of California (UC) Davis Center for Population Biology; UC Davis Agricultural Experiment Station; David H. Smith postdoctoral fellowship of the David. H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program [DHS2012-02] FX We thank M. Starkey, V. Gallegos, P. Trenham, M. Wood, S. Micheletti, B. Wehrle, and L. Gray for research assistance; B. Roach and E. Ashurst for assistance querying pesticide records; ranchers for access; and 2 anonymous reviewers and E. Fleishman for comments that improved this manuscript. Research was conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Recovery Permit TE-094642, California Department of Fish and Game Permit SC-007728, and University of California Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 12634. This work was funded in part by Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship FP-91655501 to M.E.R.; California Department of Fish and Game grant 3-441096-83153-P068594 to M.E.R. and H.B.S.; National Science Foundation grant DEB-0516475 to H.B.S., S.R. Voss, and B.M.F.; and University of California (UC) Davis Center for Population Biology to M.E.R; and UC Davis Agricultural Experiment Station to H.B.S. M.E.R. was supported while writing this manuscript by a David H. Smith postdoctoral fellowship, publication number DHS2012-02 of the David. H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01955.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073ZM UT WOS:000313781600011 PM 23140535 ER PT J AU Lebuhn, G Droege, S Connor, EF Gemmill-Herren, B Potts, SG Minckley, RL Griswold, T Jean, R Kula, E Roubik, DW Cane, J Wright, KW Frankie, G Parker, F AF Lebuhn, Gretchen Droege, Sam Connor, Edward F. Gemmill-Herren, Barbara Potts, Simon G. Minckley, Robert L. Griswold, Terry Jean, Robert Kula, Emanuel Roubik, David W. Cane, Jim Wright, Karen W. Frankie, Gordon Parker, Frank TI Detecting Insect Pollinator Declines on Regional and Global Scales SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; bees; monitoring; power analysis ID BEES; POPULATIONS; ANIMALS; PLANTS; POWER AB Recently there has been considerable concern about declines in bee communities in agricultural and natural habitats. The value of pollination to agriculture, provided primarily by bees, is >$200 billion/year worldwide, and in natural ecosystems it is thought to be even greater. However, no monitoring program exists to accurately detect declines in abundance of insect pollinators; thus, it is difficult to quantify the status of bee communities or estimate the extent of declines. We used data from 11 multiyear studies of bee communities to devise a program to monitor pollinators at regional, national, or international scales. In these studies, 7 different methods for sampling bees were used and bees were sampled on 3 different continents. We estimated that a monitoring program with 200250 sampling locations each sampled twice over 5 years would provide sufficient power to detect small (25%) annual declines in the number of species and in total abundance and would cost U.S.$2,000,000. To detect declines as small as 1% annually over the same period would require >300 sampling locations. Given the role of pollinators in food security and ecosystem function, we recommend establishment of integrated regional and international monitoring programs to detect changes in pollinator communities. C1 [Lebuhn, Gretchen; Connor, Edward F.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Droege, Sam] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Gemmill-Herren, Barbara] Food & Agr Org United Nat, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Potts, Simon G.] Univ Reading, CAER, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England. [Minckley, Robert L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Griswold, Terry; Cane, Jim; Parker, Frank] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jean, Robert] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Kula, Emanuel] Mendel Univ Brno, Fac Forestry & Wood Technol, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Wright, Karen W.] Univ New Mexico, Sevilleta LTER, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Frankie, Gordon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lebuhn, G (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM lebuhn@sfsu.edu RI Kula, Emanuel/A-9984-2014 FU Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Integrated Hardwoods Range Management Program; Nature Conservancy through the Robert Johnson Stewardship Endowment; European Union [GOCE-CT-2003-506675]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0418871]; Nature Conservancy through the Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowment; [MSM 6215648902] FX This manuscript benefited from insightful comments by B. Steidl, E. Fleishman, and an anonymous reviewer. G.L. and E.F.C. were supported by a grant from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. G.L. was also funded by the Integrated Hardwoods Range Management Program. R.J. was funded by a grant to P. E. Scott, Indiana State University, from The Nature Conservancy through the Robert Johnson and Katherine Ordway Stewardship Endowments. S.G.P. was supported by the ALARM project (European Union's Sixth Framework Program, GOCE-CT-2003-506675). R.L.M. was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant DEB 0418871). E.K. was supported by the grant MSM 6215648902. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 13 U2 378 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01962.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073ZM UT WOS:000313781600013 PM 23240651 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Lowe, WH Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Lowe, Winsor H. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Rapid Increases and Time-Lagged Declines in Amphibian Occupancy after Wildfire SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; colonization; detection; disturbance; extinction; fire severity; isolation; population dynamics ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; TIMBER HARVEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERM PATTERNS; BUFO-BOREAS; POPULATIONS; FIRE; EXTINCTION; WORLD; DEFORESTATION AB Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of drought and wildfire. Aquatic and moisture-sensitive species, such as amphibians, may be particularly vulnerable to these modified disturbance regimes because large wildfires often occur during extended droughts and thus may compound environmental threats. However, understanding of the effects of wildfires on amphibians in forests with long fire-return intervals is limited. Numerous stand-replacing wildfires have occurred since 1988 in Glacier National Park (Montana, U.S.A.), where we have conducted long-term monitoring of amphibians. We measured responses of 3 amphibian species to fires of different sizes, severity, and age in a small geographic area with uniform management. We used data from wetlands associated with 6 wildfires that burned between 1988 and 2003 to evaluate whether burn extent and severity and interactions between wildfire and wetland isolation affected the distribution of breeding populations. We measured responses with models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate occupancy during prefire (04 years) and different postfire recovery periods. For the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), occupancy was not affected for 6 years after wildfire. But 721 years after wildfire, occupancy for both species decreased =25% in areas where >50% of the forest within 500 m of wetlands burned. In contrast, occupancy of the boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas) tripled in the 3 years after low-elevation forests burned. This increase in occupancy was followed by a gradual decline. Our results show that accounting for magnitude of change and time lags is critical to understanding population dynamics of amphibians after large disturbances. Our results also inform understanding of the potential threat of increases in wildfire frequency or severity to amphibians in the region. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank D. MacKenzie and R. Scherer for advice on occupancy modeling and S. Parks for help with the spatial analyses. We also thank the numerous technicians who collected data between 1999 and 2009, especially C. Walker, G. Guscio, K. B. Yale, P. Scarr, N. Muhn, and H. B. Honeycutt. Comments by R. Scherer, L. Eby, S. Mills, 2 anonymous reviewers, and the editors improved the manuscript. This research was performed under University of Montana IACUC permit 063-09WLDBS-010510. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This manuscript is ARMI contribution 406. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01921.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073ZM UT WOS:000313781600023 PM 22978248 ER PT J AU Robinson, JD Simmons, JW Williams, AS Moyer, GR AF Robinson, John D. Simmons, Jeffrey W. Williams, Ashantye S. Moyer, Gregory R. TI Population structure and genetic diversity in the endangered bluemask darter (Etheostoma akatulo) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC); Microsatellite; Bayesian population assignment; Cumberland River system ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION STATUS; PERCIDAE; PROGRAM; FISHES; INFERENCE AB Bluemask darters (Etheostoma akatulo) were sampled from the four drainages where extant populations of this narrowly endemic freshwater fish are known to exist. Population genetic diversity and structure were assessed at 10 microsatellite loci. All populations exhibited low levels of genetic variation, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.2 to 0.35. Significant population subdivision was found among most tributaries, and genetic divergence was strongly correlated with geographic distance. Bayesian population assignment and pairwise population differentiation measures both identified a lack of differentiation between E. akatulo populations inhabiting Cane Creek and the Caney Fork. This observation reduced the number of distinct breeding populations of this species to three. We also used approximate Bayesian computation to compare three models of demographic history in this species. A constant population size model was favored over models that included historic or recent population reductions. Our results suggest that impoundment of the Caney Fork and its tributaries, by completion of Great Falls Dam in 1916, was not responsible for the reduced genetic diversity in the sampled populations. Given the low levels of genetic diversity within populations and the limited geographic distribution, future conservation efforts should seek to maximize available habitat while simultaneously limiting the influences of anthropogenic stressors in the system. C1 [Robinson, John D.; Williams, Ashantye S.; Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA USA. [Robinson, John D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Simmons, Jeffrey W.] Tennessee Valley Author, Biol & Water Resources, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Robinson, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA USA. EM robinson.johnd@gmail.com FU Tennessee Valley Authority; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville, Tennessee field office FX All collections were made under Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency permit 750 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Threatened/Endangered permit TE117405-2. Support for this project was provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville, Tennessee field office. The authors would like to thank C. L. Phillips, J. T. Baxter, R. A. Kennon, G. Call, T. Shaw, and K. Robinson for assistance with field collections. Additionally, two reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript during peer review. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0427-x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 077YL UT WOS:000314065200008 ER PT J AU Zierenberg, RA Schiffman, P Barfod, GH Lesher, CE Marks, NE Lowenstern, JB Mortensen, AK Pope, EC Bird, DK Reed, MH Frioleifsson, GO Elders, WA AF Zierenberg, R. A. Schiffman, P. Barfod, G. H. Lesher, C. E. Marks, N. E. Lowenstern, J. B. Mortensen, A. K. Pope, E. C. Bird, D. K. Reed, M. H. Frioleifsson, G. O. Elders, W. A. TI Composition and origin of rhyolite melt intersected by drilling in the Krafla geothermal field, Iceland SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Krafla; Iceland; Geothermal; Rhyolite; Basalt partial melting; Stable isotope; Strontium isotope ID ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN; CENTRAL VOLCANO; TH-ISOTOPES; O-ISOTOPES; MANTLE; OXYGEN; CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEMATICS; BASALTS AB The Iceland Deep Drilling Project Well 1 was designed as a 4- to 5-km-deep exploration well with the goal of intercepting supercritical hydrothermal fluids in the Krafla geothermal field, Iceland. The well unexpectedly drilled into a high-silica (76.5 % SiO2) rhyolite melt at approximately 2.1 km. Some of the melt vesiculated while extruding into the drill hole, but most of the recovered cuttings are quenched sparsely phyric, vesicle-poor glass. The phenocryst assemblage is comprised of titanomagnetite, plagioclase, augite, and pigeonite. Compositional zoning in plagioclase and exsolution lamellae in augite and pigeonite record changing crystallization conditions as the melt migrated to its present depth of emplacement. The in situ temperature of the melt is estimated to be between 850 and 920 A degrees C based on two-pyroxene geothermometry and modeling of the crystallization sequence. Volatile content of the glass indicated partial degassing at an in situ pressure that is above hydrostatic (similar to 16 MPa) and below lithostatic (similar to 55 MPa). The major element and minor element composition of the melt are consistent with an origin by partial melting of hydrothermally altered basaltic crust at depth, similar to rhyolite erupted within the Krafla Caldera. Chondrite-normalized REE concentrations show strong light REE enrichment and relative flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Strontium isotope values (0.70328) are consistent with mantle-derived melt, but oxygen and hydrogen isotope values are depleted (3.1 and -118 aEuro degrees, respectively) relative to mantle values. The hydrogen isotope values overlap those of hydrothermal epidote from rocks altered by the meteoric-water-recharged Krafla geothermal system. The rhyolite melt was emplaced into and has reacted with a felsic intrusive suite that has nearly identical composition. The felsite is composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, titanomagnetite, and augite. Emplacement of the rhyolite magma has resulted in partial melting of the felsite, accompanied locally by partial assimilation. The interstitial melt in the felsite has similar normalized SiO2 content as the rhyolite melt but is distinguished by higher K2O and lower CaO and plots near the minimum melt composition in the granite system. Augite in the partially melted felsite has re-equilibrated to more calcic metamorphic compositions. Rare quenched glass fragments containing glomeroporphyritic crystals derived from the felsite show textural evidence for resorption of alkali feldspar and quartz. The glass in these fragments is enriched in SiO2 relative to the rhyolite melt or the interstitial felsite melt, consistent with the textural evidence for quartz dissolution. The quenching of these melts by drilling fluids at in situ conditions preserves details of the melt-wall rock interaction that would not be readily observed in rocks that had completely crystallized. However, these processes may be recognizable by a combination of textural analysis and in situ analytical techniques that document compositional heterogeneity due to partial melting and local assimilation. C1 [Zierenberg, R. A.; Schiffman, P.; Barfod, G. H.; Lesher, C. E.; Marks, N. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lowenstern, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mortensen, A. K.] Iceland GeoSurvey ISOR, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Pope, E. C.; Bird, D. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reed, M. H.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Frioleifsson, G. O.] HS Orka Hf, IS-260 Reykjanesbaer, Iceland. [Elders, W. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Zierenberg, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM razierenberg@ucdavis.edu RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012; Barfod, Gry/A-2466-2015; Lesher, Charles/A-2468-2015; Pope, Emily/A-6594-2013; OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355; Pope, Emily/0000-0001-8367-9351; Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 FU NSF [EAR 0507518, EAR 0506882] FX This research would not have been possible without the generous cooperation of Landsvirkjun and the IDDP consortium. The work was supported by NSF grants EAR 0507518 and EAR 0506882. Reviews by Bruce Marsh, Christy Till and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 165 IS 2 BP 327 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s00410-012-0811-z PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 075EX UT WOS:000313867700006 ER PT J AU Kruitbos, LM Tetzlaff, D Soulsby, C Buttle, J Carey, SK Laudon, H McDonnell, JJ McGuire, K Seibert, J Cunjak, R Shanley, J AF Kruitbos, Laura M. Tetzlaff, Doerthe Soulsby, Chris Buttle, Jim Carey, Sean K. Laudon, Hjalmar McDonnell, Jeffrey J. McGuire, Kevin Seibert, Jan Cunjak, Richard Shanley, Jamie TI Hydroclimatic and hydrochemical controls on Plecoptera diversity and distribution in northern freshwater ecosystems (vol 693, pg 39, 2012) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Kruitbos, Laura M.; Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Shanley, Jamie] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, No Rivers Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Buttle, Jim] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Laudon, Hjalmar] SLU, Umea, Sweden. [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McGuire, Kevin] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Dept Forest Resources & Environm, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Seibert, Jan] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. [Seibert, Jan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cunjak, Richard] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. [Cunjak, Richard] Univ New Brunswick, Fac Forestry & Environm Management, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VT USA. RP Kruitbos, LM (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, No Rivers Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. EM l.kruitbos@abdn.ac.uk OI Seibert, Jan/0000-0002-6314-2124 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2013 VL 702 IS 1 BP 297 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1383-7 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 060MB UT WOS:000312781200024 ER PT J AU Allison, AB Kohler, DJ Fox, KA Brown, JD Gerhold, RW Shearn-Bochsler, VI Dubovi, EJ Parrish, CR Holmes, EC AF Allison, Andrew B. Kohler, Dennis J. Fox, Karen A. Brown, Justin D. Gerhold, Richard W. Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I. Dubovi, Edward J. Parrish, Colin R. Holmes, Edward C. TI Frequent Cross-Species Transmission of Parvoviruses among Diverse Carnivore Hosts SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS; CANINE PARVOVIRUS; WILD CARNIVORES; EMERGENCE; CATS; INFECTIONS; EVOLUTION; RANGES AB Although parvoviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in nondomestic species. A phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene sequences from puma, coyote, gray wolf, bobcat, raccoon, and striped skunk revealed two major groups related to either feline panleukopenia virus ("FPV-like") or canine parvovirus ("CPV-like"). Cross-species transmission was commonplace, with multiple introductions into each host species but, with the exception of raccoons, relatively little evidence for onward transmission in nondomestic species. C1 [Allison, Andrew B.; Parrish, Colin R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kohler, Dennis J.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fox, Karen A.] Colorado Div Pk & Wildlife, Wildlife Hlth Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Gerhold, Richard W.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. [Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Dubovi, Edward J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Holmes, Edward C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Holmes, EC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney Emerging Infect & Biosecur Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM edward.holmes@sydney.edu.au OI Allison, Andrew B./0000-0003-0971-1215; Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 FU NIH/NIGMS [R01 GM080533-06]; USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program FX This work was funded by NIH/NIGMS grant R01 GM080533-06 to E.C.H. and C.R.P. Funding for sampling wild animals was provided by the USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 BP 2342 EP 2347 DI 10.1128/JVI.02428-12 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 078BB UT WOS:000314072000039 PM 23221559 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Teng, ZD DeAngelis, DL Ruan, SG AF Zhang, Long Teng, Zhidong DeAngelis, Donald L. Ruan, Shigui TI Single species models with logistic growth and dissymmetric impulse dispersal SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Single species; Impulsive dispersal; Permanence; Extinction; Periodic solution; Global stability ID GLOBAL ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY; PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION INTERACTIONS; 2-PATCH ENVIRONMENTS; UNIFORM PERSISTENCE; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; 2 HABITATS; PERMANENCE AB In this paper, two classes of single-species models with logistic growth and impulse dispersal (or migration) are studied: one model class describes dissymmetric impulsive bi-directional dispersal between two heterogeneous patches; and the other presents a new way of characterizing the aggregate migration. of a natural population between two heterogeneous habitat patches, which alternates in direction periodically. In this theoretical study, some very general, weak conditions for the permanence, extinction of these systems, existence, uniqueness and global stability of positive periodic solutions are established by using analysis based on the theory of discrete dynamical systems. From this study, we observe that the dynamical behavior of populations with impulsive dispersal differs greatly from the behavior of models with continuous dispersal. Unlike models where the dispersal is continuous in time, in which the travel losses associated with dispersal make it difficult for such dispersal to evolve e.g., [25,26,28], in the present study it was relatively easy for impulsive dispersal to positively affect populations when realistic parameter values were used, and a rich variety of behaviors were possible. From our results, we found impulsive dispersal seems to more nicely model natural dispersal behavior of populations and may be more relevant to the investigation of such behavior in real ecological systems. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Long; Teng, Zhidong] Xinjiang Univ, Coll Math & Syst Sci, Urumqi 830046, Peoples R China. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ruan, Shigui] Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Xinjiang Univ, Coll Math & Syst Sci, Urumqi 830046, Peoples R China. EM longzhang_xj@sohu.com OI Zhang, Long/0000-0002-5125-0224 FU National Natural Science Foundation of PR China [10901130, 10961022, 11271312, 11261058]; China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province of China [2012211B07]; Natural Science Foundation [DMS-1022728] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of PR China (10901130, 10961022, 11271312, 11261058), the China Scholarship Council, the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province of China (2012211B07), and the Natural Science Foundation (DMS-1022728). NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 241 IS 2 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.11.005 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 079BX UT WOS:000314146300004 PM 23220292 ER PT J AU Udevitz, MS Taylor, RL Garlich-Miller, JL Quakenbush, LT Snyder, JA AF Udevitz, Mark S. Taylor, Rebecca L. Garlich-Miller, Joel L. Quakenbush, Lori T. Snyder, Jonathan A. TI Potential population-level effects of increased haulout-related mortality of Pacific walrus calves SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Haulout; Mortality; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; Population dynamics; Projection model; Subsistence harvest; Trampling ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; ATLANTIC WALRUSES; SEA-ICE AB Availability of summer sea ice has been decreasing in the Chukchi Sea during recent decades, and increasing numbers of Pacific walruses have begun using coastal haulouts in late summer during years when sea ice retreats beyond the continental shelf. Calves and yearlings are particularly susceptible to being crushed during disturbance events that cause the herd to panic and stampede at these large haulouts, but the potential population-level effects of this mortality are unknown. We used recent harvest data, along with previous assumptions about demographic parameters for this population, to estimate female population size and structure in 2009 and project these numbers forward using a range of assumptions about future harvests and haulout-related mortality that might result from increased use of coastal haulouts during late summer. We found that if demographic parameters were held constant, the levels of harvest that occurred during 1990-2008 would have allowed the population to grow during that period. Our projections indicate, however, that an increase in haulout-related mortality affecting only calves has a greater effect on the population than an equivalent increase in harvest-related mortality distributed among all age classes. Therefore, disturbance-related mortality of calves at coastal haulouts may have relatively important population consequences. C1 [Udevitz, Mark S.; Taylor, Rebecca L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Garlich-Miller, Joel L.; Snyder, Jonathan A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Udevitz, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mudevitz@usgs.gov OI Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1259-3 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 073FR UT WOS:000313729400013 ER PT J AU Hobbelen, PHF Samuel, MD Foote, D Tango, L LaPointe, DA AF Hobbelen, Peter H. F. Samuel, Michael D. Foote, David Tango, Lori LaPointe, Dennis A. TI Modeling the impacts of global warming on predation and biotic resistance: mosquitoes, damselflies and avian malaria in Hawaii SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biotic resistance; Climate change; Elevation; Predation; Mosquitoes; Damselflies; Culex quinquefasciatus; Megalagrion calliphya; Avian malaria; Hawaiian honeycreepers; Ordinary differential equations ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; INFECTIOUS PERIODS; TEMPERATURE; DISEASE; BIRDS; INVASION AB Biotic resistance from native predators can play an important role in regulating or limiting exotic prey. We investigate how global warming potentially alters the strength and spatial extent of these predator-prey interactions in aquatic insect ecosystems. As a simple model system, we use rock pools in streams of rainforests of Hawaii, which contain the beautiful Hawaiian damselfly Megalagrion calliphya as predator and the invasive southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus as prey. This abundant mosquito is the major vector of avian malaria transmission to native forest birds. We use mathematical modeling to evaluate the potential impacts of damselfly predation and temperature on mosquito population dynamics. We model this predator-prey system along an elevational gradient (749-1952 m elevation) and assess the effect of 1A degrees C and 2A degrees C climate warming scenarios as well as the effects of El Nio and La Nia oscillations, on predator-prey dynamics. Our results indicate that the strength of biotic resistance of native predators on invasive prey may decrease with increasing temperature because demographic rates of predator and prey are differentially affected by temperature. Future warming could therefore increase the abundance of invasive species by releasing them from predation pressure. If the invasive species is a disease vector, these shifts could increase the impact of disease on both humans and wildlife. C1 [Hobbelen, Peter H. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Foote, David; Tango, Lori; LaPointe, Dennis A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Hobbelen, PHF (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM peter.hobbelen@rothamsted.ac.uk OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X FU US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Initiative; US Geological Survey FX We would like to thank JA Ahumada and F. de Castro for their contribution to the development of the mosquito model and F. de Castro for his help in the generation of daily temperature data for the Pahala watershed. We also thank MV Martinez for his help with the preparation of climate data files for the program ANUSPLIN. This project was supported by funding through the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Initiative and additional funding through the Invasive Species and Terrestrial Wildlife Programs of the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 153 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s12080-011-0154-9 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077KL UT WOS:000314026500003 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Ball, MC AF Krauss, Ken W. Ball, Marilyn C. TI On the halophytic nature of mangroves SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Review DE Facultative halophyte; Mangrove; Obligate halophyte; Salinity tolerance; Vivipary ID AVICENNIA-MARINA; SALINITY TOLERANCE; SALT TOLERANCE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; VIVIPARY; REQUIREMENT; MECHANISMS; GRADIENTS AB Scientists have discussed the halophytic nature of intertidal plants for decades, and have generally suggested that inherent differentiation of an obligate halophyte from a facultative halophyte relates strongly to whether the plant can survive in fresh water, and not much else. In this mini-review, we provide additional insight to support the pervasive notion that mangroves as a group are truly facultative halophytes, and thus add discourse to the alternate view that mangroves have an obligate salinity requirement. Indeed, growth and physiological optima are realized at moderate salinity concentrations in mangroves, but we maintain the notion that current evidence suggests that survival is not dependent upon a physiological requirement for salt. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Ball, Marilyn C.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Plant Sci, Res Sch Biol, Coll Med Biol & Environm, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov; Marilyn.ball@anu.edu.au FU US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; Australian Research Council (Discovery Project) [DP1096749] FX We thank the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program and the Australian Research Council (Discovery Project DP1096749) for research support. Karen L. McKee, Robert D. Guy, and Ulrich Luttge provided reviews of previous manuscript drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s00468-012-0767-7 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 073GW UT WOS:000313732500002 ER PT J AU Hayman, DTS Bowen, RA Cryan, PM McCracken, GF O'Shea, TJ Peel, AJ Gilbert, A Webb, CT Wood, JLN AF Hayman, D. T. S. Bowen, R. A. Cryan, P. M. McCracken, G. F. O'Shea, T. J. Peel, A. J. Gilbert, A. Webb, C. T. Wood, J. L. N. TI Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Epidemiology; zoonoses; mathematical modeling; Nipah virus; public health; rabies; filovirus; coronavirus ID BIG BROWN BATS; FREE-TAILED BATS; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; HENDRA VIRUS-INFECTION; MIGRATORY TREE-BATS; SILVER-HAIRED BATS; RABIES-VIRUS; NIPAH VIRUS; FRUIT BAT; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS AB Bats are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Human activities that increase exposure to bats will likely increase the opportunity for infections to spill over in the future. Ecological drivers of pathogen spillover and emergence in novel hosts, including humans, involve a complex mixture of processes, and understanding these complexities may aid in predicting spillover. In particular, only once the pathogen and host ecologies are known can the impacts of anthropogenic changes be fully appreciated. Cross-disciplinary approaches are required to understand how host and pathogen ecology interact. Bats differ from other sylvatic disease reservoirs because of their unique and diverse lifestyles, including their ability to fly, often highly gregarious social structures, long lifespans and low fecundity rates. We highlight how these traits may affect infection dynamics and how both host and pathogen traits may interact to affect infection dynamics. We identify key questions relating to the ecology of infectious diseases in bats and propose that a combination of field and laboratory studies are needed to create data-driven mechanistic models to elucidate those aspects of bat ecology that are most critical to the dynamics of emerging bat viruses. If commonalities can be found, then predicting the dynamics of newly emerging diseases may be possible. This modelling approach will be particularly important in scenarios when population surveillance data are unavailable and when it is unclear which aspects of host ecology are driving infection dynamics. C1 [Hayman, D. T. S.; Peel, A. J.; Wood, J. L. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Dis Dynam Unit, Cambridge, England. [Hayman, D. T. S.; Webb, C. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hayman, D. T. S.; Peel, A. J.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Hayman, D. T. S.] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy, Weybridge, Surrey, England. [Bowen, R. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cryan, P. M.; O'Shea, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [McCracken, G. F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Gilbert, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Emerging & Zoonot Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hayman, DTS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davidtshayman@gmail.com RI Wood, James/A-1626-2008; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Peel, Alison/I-3202-2012; OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103; Wood, James/0000-0002-0258-3188; Peel, Alison/0000-0003-3538-3550; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU Wellcome Trust; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate; Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center; National Institutes of Health; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); Alborada Trust FX We thank Dr. Gudrun Wibbelt for the invitation to contribute to this special edition and anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice. The authors are funded by the Wellcome Trust (DTSH), a David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship (DTSH), the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (DTSH, JLNW, TJO, RAB, CTW). AG is supported by a fellowship through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). JLNW is supported by the Alborada Trust. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and the US Geological Survey, but not of the other institutions. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 180 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 239 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD FEB PY 2013 VL 60 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 21 DI 10.1111/zph.12000 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 070DU UT WOS:000313487000002 PM 22958281 ER PT J AU Gray, MA Pratte, ZA Kellogg, CA AF Gray, Michael A. Pratte, Zoe A. Kellogg, Christina A. TI Comparison of DNA preservation methods for environmental bacterial community samples SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DESS; RNALater; DNAgard; FTA; bacteria; microbial community ID RNA; CARDS AB Field collections of environmental samples, for example corals, for molecular microbial analyses present distinct challenges. The lack of laboratory facilities in remote locations is common, and preservation of microbial community DNA for later study is critical. A particular challenge is keeping samples frozen in transit. Five nucleic acid preservation methods that do not require cold storage were compared for effectiveness over time and ease of use. Mixed microbial communities of known composition were created and preserved by DNAgard (TM), RNAlater (R), DMSOEDTAsalt (DESS), FTA (R) cards, and FTA Elute (R) cards. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and clone libraries were used to detect specific changes in the faux communities over weeks and months of storage. A previously known bias in FTA (R) cards that results in lower recovery of pure cultures of Gram-positive bacteria was also detected in mixed community samples. There appears to be a uniform bias across all five preservation methods against microorganisms with high G + C DNA. Overall, the liquid-based preservatives (DNAgard (TM), RNAlater (R), and DESS) outperformed the card-based methods. No single liquid method clearly outperformed the others, leaving method choice to be based on experimental design, field facilities, shipping constraints, and allowable cost. C1 [Gray, Michael A.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Pratte, Zoe A.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckellogg@usgs.gov OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455 FU CREST project through the USGS Coastal; Marine Geology Program FX This work was funded by the CREST project through the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The reviewers are thanked for their many helpful contributions that significantly improved this article. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 83 IS 2 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1111/1574-6941.12008 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 066WP UT WOS:000313252600018 PM 22974342 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ AF Friedel, Michael J. TI Hybrid modeling to predict the economic feasibility of mining undiscovered porphyry copper deposits SO APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Cluster analysis; Economic filter; Multivariate linear regression; Mineral resource assessment; Porphyry copper; Self-organizing map; Stochastic modeling; Uncertainty ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; NEURAL-NETWORK MODELS; IMPUTATION; RESOURCES; PRECIPITATION; BRAZIL; SOM AB Few studies attempt to model the economic feasibility of mining undiscovered mineral resources given the sparseness of data; and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data from 203 porphyry copper deposit sites across the world. The sparse data set includes one dependent variable indicating the economic feasibility, and seventy two independent variables from categories describing characteristics of mining method, metallurgy, dimensions, economics, and amount. Analysis of component planes reveals relations and strengths in the underlying SOM multivariate density function which are used to impute missing values. Application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria to k-means clusters of SOM neurons identified 14 regional economic resource units (conceptual models). A best subsets approach applied to median values from these models identified 20 statistically significant combinations of variables. During model fitting by the multiple linear regression technique, only four of the empirical models had variables that were all significant at the 95% confidence level. The best model explained 98% of the variability in economic feasibility and incorporated variables describing distance to natural gas, road, and water; and the total amount of resources. This model was independently validated by comparing predictions of economic feasibility at 68 mine sites not included in the training data. Eighty-four percent of the reported economic feasibility is correctly predicted with 8 false positives and 2 false negative. We demonstrate the application of this model to a permissive copper porphyry tract that crosses a portion of British Columbia and Yukon territories of Canada. The proposed hybrid approach provides an alternative modeling paradigm for translating estimates of contained metal into meaningful societal measures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Friedel, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Friedel, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov RI Fraser, Stephen/A-8219-2008 OI Fraser, Stephen/0000-0002-0856-5300 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX The author is indebted to Keith R. Long for providing the global economic-mineral resource data set and Mark J. Mihalasky for providing the Yukon economic-mineral resource data. Comments by James Tindall, Fabio Iwashita, and anonymous reviewers helped to improve the clarity of this paper. The U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program provided funding for this work. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-4946 EI 1872-9681 J9 APPL SOFT COMPUT JI Appl. Soft. Comput. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 1016 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.asoc.2012.09.019 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 063PH UT WOS:000313011600023 ER PT J AU Holbrook, CM Perry, RW Brandes, PL Adams, NS AF Holbrook, Christopher M. Perry, Russell W. Brandes, Patricia L. Adams, Noah S. TI Adjusting survival estimates for premature transmitter failure: a case study from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Survival; Tag failure; Mark-recapture; Telemetry; Chinook salmon; Central Valley ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; CHINOOK SALMON; GROWTH AB In telemetry studies, premature tag failure causes negative bias in fish survival estimates because tag failure is interpreted as fish mortality. We used mark-recapture modeling to adjust estimates of fish survival for a previous study where premature tag failure was documented. High rates of tag failure occurred during the Vernalis Adaptive Management Plan's (VAMP) 2008 study to estimate survival of fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during migration through the San Joaquin River and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California. Due to a high rate of tag failure, the observed travel time distribution was likely negatively biased, resulting in an underestimate of tag survival probability in this study. Consequently, the bias-adjustment method resulted in only a small increase in estimated fish survival when the observed travel time distribution was used to estimate the probability of tag survival. Since the bias-adjustment failed to remove bias, we used historical travel time data and conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine how fish survival might have varied across a range of tag survival probabilities. Our analysis suggested that fish survival estimates were low (95% confidence bounds range from 0.052 to 0.227) over a wide range of plausible tag survival probabilities (0.48-1.00), and this finding is consistent with other studies in this system. When tags fail at a high rate, available methods to adjust for the bias may perform poorly. Our example highlights the importance of evaluating the tag life assumption during survival studies, and presents a simple framework for evaluating adjusted survival estimates when auxiliary travel time data are available. C1 [Holbrook, Christopher M.; Perry, Russell W.; Adams, Noah S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton Fishery Resource Off, Stockton, CA USA. [Holbrook, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. RP Holbrook, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI USA. EM cholbrook@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0016-3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000004 ER PT J AU Teo, SLH Sandstrom, PT Chapman, ED Null, RE Brown, K Klimley, AP Block, BA AF Teo, Steven L. H. Sandstrom, Phil T. Chapman, Eric D. Null, Robert E. Brown, Kurt Klimley, A. Peter Block, Barbara A. TI Archival and acoustic tags reveal the post-spawning migrations, diving behavior, and thermal habitat of hatchery-origin Sacramento River steelhead kelts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salmonid; Electronic tag; Geolocation Movement; Water temperature; Depth; Marine; Ocean; Freshwater ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; MEXICO BREEDING GROUNDS; ELECTRONIC TAGS; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTH PACIFIC; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; OCEAN; PREFERENCES AB Acoustic and geolocating archival tags were deployed on steelhead kelts to study their post-spawning migrations, diving behavior and thermal habitat. Fourteen reconditioned steelhead kelts were surgically implanted with LAT2510 archival and V7-2 L acoustic tags, and released from Coleman National Fish Hatchery. An array of acoustic receivers in the Sacramento River and Delta, and the San Francisco Bay estuary detected the downstream movement of the steelhead. Two steelhead kelts (J and M) with archival tags were recovered at the hatchery after 219 and 285 days at liberty respectively. Based on changes in geolocations, vertical movements, and water temperatures, the migrations of steelhead J and M were divided into five and six phases respectively. Steelhead J moved into coastal California waters while steelhead M remained in freshwater for the majority of its time at liberty. Large increases in temperature and opacity were recorded before and after the ocean phases, likely as the steelhead moved through the Sacramento Delta. Both steelhead kelts remained relatively close to the surface throughout their migration but there were diurnal differences in the vertical movements. In freshwater, the steelhead tended to be deeper during the day (e.g., steelhead J: 3.08 +/- 1.50 vs 1.65 +/- 1.15 m, day vs night) but in the ocean, the steelhead were typically deeper during the night (1.32 +/- 1.61 vs 5.63 +/- 6.11 m). Both steelhead kelts appeared to be less oceanic than a previous study in Scott Creek, a small coastal stream approximately 100 km south of the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Although this study has a small sample size, the results suggest that steelhead kelts from a large river and estuary system, like the Sacramento River, may be relatively less oceanic than steelhead kelts from small coastal streams. C1 [Teo, Steven L. H.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Teo, Steven L. H.; Sandstrom, Phil T.; Chapman, Eric D.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Null, Robert E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Brown, Kurt] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. [Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Teo, SLH (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM steve.teo@noaa.gov FU California Fish Tracking Consortium FX We thank the staff and students of the Coleman National Fish Hatchery and the UC Davis biotelemetry lab for helping with tagging and maintaining the steelhead. Archival tags for this study were provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Tagging of Pacific Pelagics project, and Lotek Inc. Acoustic tags were provided by the US Army Corp of Engineers, San Francisco. We are thankful to the members and funders for the California Fish Tracking Consortium, which deployed and maintained the acoustic receiver array. We would like to thank S. Hayes, H. Dewar, S. Hamelberg, and two anonymous reviewers for reading and suggesting improvements to the manuscript. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of any government agency. Mention of trade names and commercial products in this paper does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by any government agency. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9938-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000005 ER PT J AU Steel, AE Sandstrom, PT Brandes, PL Klimley, AP AF Steel, Anna E. Sandstrom, Philip T. Brandes, Patricia L. Klimley, A. Peter TI Migration route selection of juvenile Chinook salmon at the Delta Cross Channel, and the role of water velocity and individual movement patterns SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Ultrasonic telemetry; Positioning system; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Water velocity ID DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; ESTUARY; FISHES; SMOLTS AB We examined movement tracks of ultrasonic-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawyscha) smolts at the juncture of two migratory pathways. This migratory juncture occurs where the Delta Cross Channel splits from the Sacramento River in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Smolt tracks were analyzed to compare the importance of river flow and individual parameters in migratory route selection. The two routes differ significantly in smolt survival probabilities (Perry et al. N Am J Fish Manag 30:142-156, 2010), thus a clearer understanding of the variables contributing to route selection will be valuable for management of this declining species. A comparison of the two migratory groups showed that fish remaining within the Sacramento River: 1) Encountered the migratory juncture when river water velocities were much higher than those in the Delta Cross Channel (p < 0.0001), 2) showed more direct swimming paths (p = 0.03) and 3) migrated at higher speeds (p = 0.04). Logistic regression models showed that the ratio of mean water velocity between the two routes was a much stronger predictor of ultimate route selection than any other variable tested. However, parameters for both the lateral position of smolts within the river and smolt size added predictive power to the final model. Our results suggest that river flow remains the most important variable for predicting smolt migration route, but note that knowledge of individual smolt attributes and movement patterns can increase our predictive ability. C1 [Steel, Anna E.; Sandstrom, Philip T.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Steel, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM annaesteel@gmail.com NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9992-6 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000008 ER PT J AU Chase, R Hemphill, N Beeman, J Juhnke, S Hannon, J Jenkins, AM AF Chase, Robert Hemphill, Nina Beeman, John Juhnke, Steve Hannon, John Jenkins, Amy M. TI Assessment of juvenile coho salmon movement and behavior in relation to rehabilitation efforts in the Trinity River, California, using PIT tags and radiotelemetry SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Upper Trinity River; Rehabilitated; Natural; Sub-yearling; Coho ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WASHINGTON STREAMS; CHINOOK SALMON; VELOCITY PREFERENCES; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; GROWTH; PLACEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of the Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast (SONCC) Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) is federally listed as a threatened species. The Trinity River Restoration Program (TRRP) is rehabilitating the Trinity River to restore coho salmon (coho) and other salmonid populations. In order to evaluate the program's actions, several studies of movements and behavior of coho in the Trinity River were conducted from 2006 to 2009, including snorkel surveys and mark-recapture techniques based on Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags, elastomer tags, and radio transmitters. Catch, recapture, and condition of natural sub-yearlings, along with site fidelity and emigration of hatchery-reared yearlings in rehabilitated and reference habitats, were studied. Location was important because coho were absent from the lower controlled and rehabilitated sites most of the time. However, rehabilitation did not have a significant effect on natural coho salmon at the site level. Apparent survival of radio-tagged, hatchery-reared yearling coho released downstream from Lewiston Dam was much lower in the first 10 km downstream from the release site than in other areas between Lewiston Dam and the Klamath River estuary. Estimated survival of yearling hatchery coho salmon per 100 km down to Blake's Riffle was estimated at 64 % over the distance of the 239 km study area. Migration primarily occurred at night in the upper Trinity River; however, as yearlings moved through the lower Trinity River towards the Klamath River, estuary nocturnal migration became less. Apparent survival was generally lowest in areas upstream from the North Fork of the Trinity River. C1 [Chase, Robert; Hannon, John] US Bur Reclamat, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Hemphill, Nina] Trinity River Restorat Program, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. [Beeman, John; Juhnke, Steve] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Jenkins, Amy M.] CA Dept Water Resources, Oroville, CA 95966 USA. RP Chase, R (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, POB 159, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. EM rchase@usbr.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9995-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000014 ER PT J AU Pinnix, WD Nelson, PA Stutzer, G Wright, KA AF Pinnix, William D. Nelson, Peter A. Stutzer, Gregory Wright, Katrina A. TI Residence time and habitat use of coho salmon in Humboldt Bay, California: an acoustic telemetry study SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Coho salmon; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Smolt; Stream-estuary ecotone; Estuary; Bay; Residence time; Habitat use; Acoustic telemetry ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH SMOLTS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; TRANSMITTERS; PHYSIOLOGY; ESTUARINE; MOVEMENTS; RIVERINE AB We monitored the movement of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts with acoustic transmitters from freshwater, through the freshwater/estuary ecotone, through the estuary, and to ocean entry to determine residence time and habitat use in Humboldt Bay, California. Tagged fish were monitored with a fixed receiver network and mobile tracking conducted from a boat. Coho salmon observed during the two-year study resided in Humboldt Bay beginning at least as early as late April and resided through the beginning of July. Coho salmon smolts spent more time in the freshwater/estuary ecotone compared to the lower estuary and spent an average of 10-12 days migrating to Humboldt Bay. Coho salmon smolts resided in Humboldt Bay, a marine embayment, for an average of 15-22 days prior to leaving the bay for the open ocean. Coho salmon smolts, as observed from mobile tracking, used deep channels and channel margins more often than floating eelgrass mats, pilings, and docks. In addition, tagged fish were more often detected in the central portions of Humboldt Bay characterized by deep channels with narrow intertidal margins. There were fewer detections in other portions of the bay characterized by shallow channels with large intertidal mudflats and eelgrass meadows. Relatively short transmitter life (70 days) precluded determining the latest date of coho salmon smolt residency in Humboldt Bay. In addition, tag size limited use to the largest emigrating smolts and may not represent the behaviors of the smaller-sized smolts which were more abundant. C1 [Pinnix, William D.; Stutzer, Gregory; Wright, Katrina A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Nelson, Peter A.] Collaborat Fisheries Res W, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pinnix, WD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM Bill_Pinnix@fws.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0038-x PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000015 ER PT J AU Null, RE Niemela, KS Hamelberg, SF AF Null, Robert E. Niemela, Kevin S. Hamelberg, Scott F. TI Post-spawn migrations of hatchery-origin Oncorhynchus mykiss kelts in the Central Valley of California SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Ultrasonic telemetry; Acoustic tagging; Steelhead; Migration; Life history; Residualism; Straying ID LIFE-HISTORY FORMS; SALMO-SALAR L; EGG SIZE; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STEELHEAD TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON AB We used acoustic telemetry to study the post-spawn movement of Oncorhynchus mykiss kelts released in April 2005 and 2006 from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery, Anderson, CA. Following release, O. mykiss kelts demonstrated both anadromous and non-anadromous life histories, with some fish alternating life history strategies between years. Anadromy was most common, characterized by a short-term residence near the release site, followed by sustained downstream emigration once initiated. O. mykiss kelts demonstrating anadromy arrived at the Golden Gate Bridge from April to mid-July. Repeat spawning migrations of anadromous O. mykiss kelts began from late-September through October of the year of release. High fidelity back to Battle Creek was observed, occurring from late-September through November. While most O. mykiss kelts were anadromous, at least 10 % remained in freshwater, or residualized. O. mykiss kelts that residualized demonstrated two distinct patterns of movement: 1) residency near the release location, and 2) potamodromy. Overall survival was high with 36 % and 48 % of O. mykiss kelts released making a repeat spawning migration and demonstrating iteroparity in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Increase in body lengths of O. mykiss kelts that returned to the Coleman NFH were significantly greater for anadromous fish, compared to fish that residualized, but survival was higher for fish that residualized. Release of hatchery O. mykiss kelts could result in both positive and negative genetic and ecological effects to hatchery- and naturally-producing salmonids. We believe the benefits of releasing O. mykiss kelts at the Coleman NFH, including increased numbers and size of fish in the recreational fishery and genetic and demographic benefits to the hatchery brood stock outweigh the limited risk to natural populations that would result from predation and competition of the relatively small number of O. mykiss kelts that resided in fresh water. C1 [Null, Robert E.; Niemela, Kevin S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Hamelberg, Scott F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. RP Null, RE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Bluff Fish & Wildlife Off, 10950 Tyler Rd, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. EM Robert_Null@fws.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0075-5 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000017 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Brandes, PL Burau, JR Klimley, AP MacFarlane, B Michel, C Skalski, JR AF Perry, Russell W. Brandes, Patricia L. Burau, Jon R. Klimley, A. Peter MacFarlane, Bruce Michel, Cyril Skalski, John R. TI Sensitivity of survival to migration routes used by juvenile Chinook salmon to negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Migration; Telemetry; Juvenile salmon; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Survival ID HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT; PROBABILITIES; HATCHERY; PASSAGE AB Populations of juvenile salmon emigrating from natal rivers to the ocean must often traverse different migratory pathways that may influence survival. In regulated rivers, migration routes may consist of a network of channels such as in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, or of different passage structures at hydroelectric dams (e.g., turbines or spillways). To increase overall survival, management actions in such systems often focus on altering the migration routing of fish to divert them away from low-survival routes and towards high-survival routes. Here, we use a 3-year data set of route-specific survival and movement of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to quantify the sensitivity of survival to changes in migration routing at two major river junctions in the Sacramento River. Our analysis revealed that changes in overall survival in response to migration routing at one river junction depended not only differences in survival among alternative routes, but also on migration routing at the other river junction. Diverting fish away from a low-survival route at the downstream river junction increased population survival by less than expected, given the difference in survival among routes, because part of the population used an alternative migration route at the upstream river junction. We also show that management actions that influence only migration routing will likely increase survival by less than actions that alter both migration routing and route-specific survival. Our analysis provides an analytical framework to help fisheries managers quantify the suite of management actions likely to maximize increases in population level survival. C1 [Perry, Russell W.; Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Burau, Jon R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MacFarlane, Bruce; Michel, Cyril] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU CALFED Science Fellowship [U-04-SC-005]; California Bay-Delta Authority [U-05-SC-047] FX Funding for R.W.P's involvement with this project was provided by a CALFED Science Fellowship, Agreement No. U-04-SC-005 with the California Bay-Delta Authority. Tagging of juvenile salmon, ultrasonic station deployment and interrogation, and tag-detection database maintenance were supported by a grant from the California Bay-Delta Authority by Agreement No. U-05-SC-047. We thank the staff of Coleman National Fish Hatchery for providing the late-fall Chinook and logistical support for this study. Staff of the Stockton U.S. Fish and Wildlife Office gratefully assisted with fish transportation and release. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved this manuscript. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9984-6 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064FU UT WOS:000313059000020 ER EF