FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Medynski, S Pik, R Burnard, P Williams, A Vye-Brown, C Ferguson, D Blard, PH France, L Yirgu, G Seid, JI Ayalew, D Calvert, A AF Medynski, S. Pik, R. Burnard, P. Williams, A. Vye-Brown, C. Ferguson, D. Blard, P. -H. France, L. Yirgu, G. Seid, J. I. Ayalew, D. Calvert, A. TI Controls on magmatic cycles and development of rift topography of the Manda Hararo segment (Afar, Ethiopia): Insights from cosmogenic He-3 investigation of landscape evolution SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE He-3 cosmogenic; rifts; magmatic accretion; extension ID SOUTHERN RED-SEA; FLOOD BASALTS; CONTINENTAL BREAKUP; SPREADING CENTERS; PRODUCTION-RATES; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; VOLCANO; CONSTRAINTS; DEPRESSION; EPISODE AB Crustal extension at mature continental rifts and oceanic ridges occurs by a combination of normal faulting and magma injection, which interact to create rift morphology. Quantifying the relative roles of faulting and melt intrusion in accommodating extension at magmatic rifts remains difficult and requires studies at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to resolve the interaction between these processes. In this study we provide new chronological constraints based on cosmogenic exposure dating for the similar to 100 kyr topographic evolution of a young and active magmatic rift segment in Afar, Ethiopia. We combine structural investigations, field mapping, geochemical analysis and cosmogenic He-3 exposure dating of lava surfaces in order to investigate the interplay between volcanic activity and fault growth in the northern part of the axial depression, where the rift segment intersects a large stratovolcano. Our results allow us to determine the roles of the various magma reservoirs feeding this rift system and their interactions during accretion over the past 100 kyr. New age data for key lava units allow several magmatic cycles to be distinguished. Each cycle lasts 20-40 ka resulting in periods of high and low magma supply rate. The variations in magma supply rate at the segment extremity strongly affect the development of the rift depression, with the availability of melt controlling the morphological impact of faulting. Melts from different magma reservoirs feeding the segment are chemically distinct and geochemical analysis of lavas from the rift floor allows their respective contributions to maintaining magmatic accretion to be estimated. We propose that melts from the magma reservoir at the northern end of the segment contribute around one-third of the length of this portion of the segment, whereas the mid-segment reservoir is responsible for the remaining two-thirds of the segment accretion. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Medynski, S.; Pik, R.; Burnard, P.; Williams, A.; Blard, P. -H.; France, L.] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, UMR 7358, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Vye-Brown, C.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ferguson, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Yirgu, G.; Ayalew, D.] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Earth Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Seid, J. I.] Afar Natl Reg Govt, Water & Mines Bur, Semera, Ethiopia. [Calvert, A.] USGS Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Medynski, S (reprint author), Univ Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, UMR 7358, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM medynski@crpg.cnrs-nancy.fr RI Ferguson, David/B-2920-2010; Ferguson, David/C-9136-2013; OI Ferguson, David/0000-0003-0612-6512; france, lyderic/0000-0003-1138-0072 FU INSU "Actions Marges" consortium; CRONUS-EU research training network: EU FP6 Marie Curie Actions [511927] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Osman Mohammed Tajuddin. For their help in the field, we thank J. Foeken, Y. Marrocchi and P. Lahitte, as well as the members of the Afar regional government at Semera. We are grateful to B. Tibari (CRPG) for assistance with cosmogenic 3He and U and Th measurements and L. Zimmerman (CRPG) for technical assistance with mass spectrometry. We thank L. Field and R. Grandin for fruitful discussions and M. Kurz and an anonymous reviewer for constructive and helpful reviews. Financial support was provided by the INSU "Actions Marges" consortium (RP& SM) and the CRONUS-EU research training network: EU FP6 Marie Curie Actions, Project 511927 (AW post-doctoral position). C.V.-B. publishes with the permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey (Natural Environment Research Council). This is CRPG Contribution no. 2238. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 367 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.006 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156UB UT WOS:000319848300013 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Bakun, WH Flores, CH AF ten Brink, Uri S. Bakun, William H. Flores, Claudia H. TI Reply to a comment by Carol S. Prentice, Paul Mann, and Luis R. Pena on: "Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region" by U. ten Brink et al. (2011) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Spetentrional Fault; 1562 earthquake; 1842 earthquake; earthuake intensity; paleoseismicity ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PALLETT CREEK C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.; Flores, Claudia H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM utenbrink@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1606 EP 1608 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50147 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600018 ER PT J AU Elliott, JR Copley, AC Holley, R Scharer, K Parsons, B AF Elliott, J. R. Copley, A. C. Holley, R. Scharer, K. Parsons, B. TI The 2011 Mw 7.1 Van (Eastern Turkey) earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Van Turkey; InSAR; remote sensing; active faulting; seismology; seismic hazard ID ACTIVE TECTONICS; COSEISMIC DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; STRIKE-SLIP; FAULT-ZONE; IRAN; NORTHRIDGE; GEOMETRY; FIELD AB We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), body wave seismology, satellite imagery, and field observations to constrain the fault parameters of the Mw7.12011Van (Eastern Turkey) reverse-slip earthquake, in the Turkish-Iranian plateau. Distributed slip models from elastic dislocation modeling of the InSAR surface displacements from ENVISAT and COSMO-SkyMed interferograms indicate up to 9m of reverse and oblique slip on a pair of en echelon NW40 degrees-54 degrees dipping fault planes which have surface extensions projecting to just 10km north of the city of Van. The slip remained buried and is relatively deep, with a centroid depth of 14km, and the rupture reaching only within 8-9km of the surface, consistent with the lack of significant ground rupture. The up-dip extension of this modeled WSW striking fault plane coincides with field observations of weak ground deformation seen on the western of the two fault segments and has a dip consistent with that seen at the surface in fault gouge exposed in Quaternary sediments. No significant coseismic slip is found in the upper 8km of the crust above the main slip patches, except for a small region on the eastern segment potentially resulting from the Mw5.9 aftershock on the same day. We perform extensive resolution tests on the data to confirm the robustness of the observed slip deficit in the shallow crust. We resolve a steep gradient in displacement at the point where the planes of the two fault segments ends are inferred to abut at depth, possibly exerting some structural control on rupture extent. C1 [Elliott, J. R.; Parsons, B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Copley, A. C.] Bullard Labs, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Cambridge, England. [Holley, R.] CGG NPA, Edenbridge, Kent, England. [Scharer, K.] USGS, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Elliott, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM john.elliott@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Elliott, John/B-8200-2011; Parsons, Barry/K-4716-2012; OI Elliott, John/0000-0003-2957-4596; Copley, Alex/0000-0003-0362-0494 FU Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC); University of Cambridge; USAID; AFAD FX This work was supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) of which the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET, http://comet.nerc.ac.uk) is a part. AC was supported by a Research Fellowship at Pembroke College in the University of Cambridge. KS was supported in part by USAID and thanks AFAD for support during the post-earthquake field reconnaissance. Part of this work was carried out whilst JRE was a visitor at the Tectonics Observatory, Caltech, and we acknowledge Jean-Philippe Avouac and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for support. All ENVISAT SAR data are copyrighted by the European Space Agency and were provided through the GEO Supersite Initiative. All COSMO-SkyMed data are purchased under license from the Italian Space Agency (ASI). WorldView data are used under license from DigitalGlobe, Inc. We thank Ruth Pottinger of Fugro-NPA for sourcing the SAR and imagery data. We are grateful to JPL/Caltech for use of the ROI_PAC software. Most figures were made using the public domain Generic Mapping Tools [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. We are grateful to Sue Hough and Ken Hudnut for providing USGS internal reviews on the manuscript, as well as to James Jackson for his comments. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1637 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50117 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600020 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Simpson, RW AF Savage, J. C. Simpson, R. W. TI Clustering of GPS velocities in the Mojave Block, southeastern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Clustering; Mojave Block ID TRANSIENT STRAIN ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN WALKER LANE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GARLOCK FAULT; SLIP RATE; DESERT AB We find subdivisions within the Mojave Block using cluster analysis to identify groupings in the velocities observed at GPS stations there. The clusters are represented on a fault map by symbols located at the positions of the GPS stations, each symbol representing the cluster to which the velocity of that GPS station belongs. Fault systems that separate the clusters are readily identified on such a map. The most significant representation as judged by the gap test involves 4 clusters within the Mojave Block. The fault systems bounding the clusters from east to west are 1) the faults defining the eastern boundary of the Northeast Mojave Domain extended southward to connect to the Hector Mine rupture, 2) the Calico-Paradise fault system, 3) the Landers-Blackwater fault system, and 4) the Helendale-Lockhart fault system. This division of the Mojave Block is very similar to that proposed by Meade and Hager []. However, no cluster boundary coincides with the Garlock Fault, the northern boundary of the Mojave Block. Rather, the clusters appear to continue without interruption from the Mojave Block north into the southern Walker Lane Belt, similar to the continuity across the Garlock Fault of the shear zone along the Blackwater-Little Lake fault system observed by Peltzer et al. []. Mapped traces of individual faults in the Mojave Block terminate within the block and do not continue across the Garlock Fault [Dokka and Travis, 1990a]. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Simpson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1029/2012JB009699 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 157VE UT WOS:000319926600026 ER PT J AU Taylor, RG Scanlon, B Doll, P Rodell, M van Beek, R Wada, Y Longuevergne, L Leblanc, M Famiglietti, JS Edmunds, M Konikow, L Green, TR Chen, JY Taniguchi, M Bierkens, MFP MacDonald, A Fan, Y Maxwell, RM Yechieli, Y Gurdak, JJ Allen, DM Shamsudduha, M Hiscock, K Yeh, PJF Holman, I Treidel, H AF Taylor, Richard G. Scanlon, Bridget Doell, Petra Rodell, Matt van Beek, Rens Wada, Yoshihide Longuevergne, Laurent Leblanc, Marc Famiglietti, James S. Edmunds, Mike Konikow, Leonard Green, Timothy R. Chen, Jianyao Taniguchi, Makoto Bierkens, Marc F. P. MacDonald, Alan Fan, Ying Maxwell, Reed M. Yechieli, Yossi Gurdak, Jason J. Allen, Diana M. Shamsudduha, Mohammad Hiscock, Kevin Yeh, Pat J. -F. Holman, Ian Treidel, Holger TI Ground water and climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID MURRAY-DARLING BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; HIGH-PLAINS; RECHARGE; IRRIGATION; AUSTRALIA; IMPACT; MODEL; RESOURCES AB As the world's largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to climate variability and change. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate change as more frequent and intense climate extremes (droughts and floods) increase variability in precipitation, soil moisture and surface water. Here we critically review recent research assessing the impacts of climate on ground water through natural and human-induced processes as well as through groundwater-driven feedbacks on the climate system. Furthermore, we examine the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in climate adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and climate. C1 [Taylor, Richard G.] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Scanlon, Bridget] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Doell, Petra] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rodell, Matt] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van Beek, Rens; Wada, Yoshihide; Bierkens, Marc F. P.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Longuevergne, Laurent] Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Leblanc, Marc] James Cook Univ, NCGRT, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Famiglietti, James S.] Univ Calif Irvine, UC Ctr Hydrol Modelling, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Edmunds, Mike] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Konikow, Leonard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Green, Timothy R.] ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Chen, Jianyao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Taniguchi, Makoto] Res Inst Humanity & Nat, Kyoto 6308047, Japan. [MacDonald, Alan] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fan, Ying] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yechieli, Yossi] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gurdak, Jason J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Allen, Diana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Shamsudduha, Mohammad] UCL, Inst Risk & Disaster Reduct, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Hiscock, Kevin] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Yeh, Pat J. -F.] UNESCO, Int Ctr Water Hazard & Risk Management ICHARM, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 1538505, Japan. [Holman, Ian] Cranfield Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, Bucks, England. [Treidel, Holger] UNESCO IHP, Div Water Sci, F-75732 Paris 15, France. RP Taylor, RG (reprint author), UCL, Dept Geog, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM r.taylor@geog.ucl.ac.uk RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013; Doll, Petra/A-3784-2009; YEH, Pat/B-2758-2011; Wada, Yoshihide/F-3595-2012; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Allen, Diana/A-4215-2010; Taniguchi, Makoto/E-3335-2012; Longuevergne, Laurent /F-4641-2010; van Beek, Rens/B-4904-2014 OI Holman, Ian/0000-0002-5263-7746; Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441; Doll, Petra/0000-0003-2238-4546; YEH, Pat/0000-0001-7629-3362; Wada, Yoshihide/0000-0003-4770-2539; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Allen, Diana/0000-0003-3541-2470; Taniguchi, Makoto/0000-0001-7416-0275; Longuevergne, Laurent /0000-0003-3169-743X; van Beek, Rens/0000-0002-4758-108X NR 98 TC 191 Z9 193 U1 51 U2 417 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1744 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150OL UT WOS:000319400400008 ER PT J AU Dlubac, K Knight, R Song, YQ Bachman, N Grau, B Cannia, J Williams, J AF Dlubac, Katherine Knight, Rosemary Song, Yi-Qiao Bachman, Nate Grau, Ben Cannia, Jim Williams, John TI Use of NMR logging to obtain estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the High Plains aquifer, Nebraska, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nuclear magnetic resonance; NMR logging; unconsolidated; hydraulic conductivity; permeability; High Plains aquifer ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; RELAXATION; DIFFUSION; WATER; FLOW AB Hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important parameters of interest in groundwater applications because it quantifies the ease with which water can flow through an aquifer material. Hydraulic conductivity is typically measured by conducting aquifer tests or wellbore flow (WBF) logging. Of interest in our research is the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging to obtain information about water-filled porosity and pore space geometry, the combination of which can be used to estimate K. In this study, we acquired a suite of advanced geophysical logs, aquifer tests, WBF logs, and sidewall cores at the field site in Lexington, Nebraska, which is underlain by the High Plains aquifer. We first used two empirical equations developed for petroleum applications to predict K from NMR logging data: the Schlumberger Doll Research equation (KSDR) and the Timur-Coates equation (KT-C), with the standard empirical constants determined for consolidated materials. We upscaled our NMR-derived K estimates to the scale of the WBF-logging K(KWBF-logging) estimates for comparison. All the upscaled KT-C estimates were within an order of magnitude of KWBF-logging and all of the upscaled KSDR estimates were within 2 orders of magnitude of KWBF-logging. We optimized the fit between the upscaled NMR-derived K and KWBF-logging estimates to determine a set of site-specific empirical constants for the unconsolidated materials at our field site. We conclude that reliable estimates of K can be obtained from NMR logging data, thus providing an alternate method for obtaining estimates of K at high levels of vertical resolution. C1 [Dlubac, Katherine; Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Song, Yi-Qiao] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Bachman, Nate] Schlumberger Dhahran Carbonate Res, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [Grau, Ben] Schlumberger Water Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cannia, Jim] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Williams, John] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater Branch Geophys, Troy, NY USA. RP Knight, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rknight@stanford.edu FU Hydrology Program; GOALI (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) Program of the National Science Foundation [0911234]; Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Environmental Trust; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program FX This research was supported by funding to R. Knight and Y. Song from the Hydrology Program and the GOALI (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) Program of the National Science Foundation (award 0911234); and by funding from the Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We wish to thank Duane Woodward, project hydrologist with Central Platte Natural Resources, for his support and assistance with the project. We thank Greg Steele and Chris Hozba from the Nebraska Water Science Center for describing drill cuttings and conducting aquifer tests; and thank Jim Geoke, University of Nebraska-Lincoln for describing drill cuttings and collecting continuous core. We also wish to thank John Keller from Terra-Tek for his assistance with the sidewall cores. Finally, we wish to thank the team of engineers from Schlumberger Wireline Services, Jared Hoskins, Kenan Noe, and Sam Hooper. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1871 EP 1886 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20151 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 148XM UT WOS:000319282100009 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Eddy-Miller, CA Wheeler, JD Essaid, HI AF Constantz, Jim Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A. Wheeler, Jerrod D. Essaid, Hedeff I. TI Streambed exchanges along tributary streams in humid watersheds SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tributary stream; streambed exchanges; groundwater; heat tracing ID GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; HEAT; FLOW; TRANSPORT; SOLUTE; FLUX; USA; SUBSURFACE AB Tributary streams flow from the headwaters directly to the main stem in the valley axis and represent an important general stream type with high surface areas to volume and high streambed exchanges along much of their length. These characteristics strongly influence water quantity and quality in tributary streams, as well as the underlying groundwater and, eventually, the main stem. Tributary streams can be described as consisting of upland, central, and distal reaches, each with temporal trends in streambed exchanges unique to their spatial position along the tributary stream. In this work, thermal tracing and hydraulic monitoring reported in earlier works have been analyzed to compare surface-water/groundwater streambed exchange patterns along Fish Creek Wyoming (US), a well-studied tributary stream in a humid watershed. Results of this analysis demonstrate that composite thermal/hydraulic techniques successfully differentiated reach-specific streambed exchanges to distinguish upland, central, and distal reaches along Fish Creek above the Snake River. The upland and central reaches streambed exchanges were primarily vertical and horizontal streambed exchanges normal to general streamflow, while the distal reach streambed exchanges were lower in magnitude and more longitudinal in the same direction as streamflow. Heat-based streambed hydraulic conductivities were highest (and isotropic) for the upland reach and lowest (and strongly anisotropic) for the distal reach, in accordance with general downstream sediment fining approaching a main stem. These distinct reach patterns should show general transfer value, since general tributary streambed exchange patterns are expected to be influenced by proximity to headwaters in the upland reach, by buffering within alluvial fill in the central reach, and by proximity to the main stem in the distal reach. C1 [Constantz, Jim; Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Wheeler, Jerrod D.] US Geol Survey, Field Off, Riverton, WY USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov FU Teton Conservation District; Teton County; Wyoming Water Science Center; National Research Program, USGS FX Fish Creek landowners provided property access. The Teton Conservation District, Teton County, Wyoming Water Science Center, and National Research Program, USGS, provided funds. D. A. Stonestrom (USGS) provided detailed interpretations of unpublished isotope data, and Grant Ferguson and two anonymous reviewers provided substantial colleague reviews. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2197 EP 2204 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 148XM UT WOS:000319282100031 ER PT J AU Hearn, EH Onishi, CT Pollitz, FF Thatcher, WR AF Hearn, E. H. Onishi, C. T. Pollitz, F. F. Thatcher, W. R. TI How do "ghost transients" from past earthquakes affect GPS slip rate estimates on southern California faults? SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE earthquake cycle model; fault slip rates; block models; GPS velocity field; seismic hazard; viscoelastic relaxation ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; INTERSEISMIC DEFORMATION; UNITED-STATES; CYCLE; ASTHENOSPHERE; INVERSION; MODEL; FLOW AB In this study, we investigate the extent to which viscoelastic velocity perturbations (or ghost transients) from individual fault segments can affect elastic block model-based inferences of fault slip rates from GPS velocity fields. We focus on the southern California GPS velocity field, exploring the effects of known, large earthquakes for two end-member rheological structures. Our approach is to compute, at each GPS site, the velocity perturbation relative to a cycle average for earthquake cycles on particular fault segments. We then correct the SCEC CMM4.0 velocity field for this perturbation and invert the corrected field for fault slip rates. We find that if asthenosphere viscosities are low (3x1018Pas), the current GPS velocity field is significantly perturbed by viscoelastic earthquake cycle effects associated with the San Andreas Fault segment that last ruptured in 1857 (Mw=7.9). Correcting the GPS velocity field for this perturbation (or ghost transient) adds about 5mm/a to the SAF slip rate along the Mojave and San Bernardino segments. The GPS velocity perturbations due to large earthquakes on the Garlock Fault (most recently, events in the early 1600s) and the White Wolf Fault (most recently, the Mw=7.3 1952 Kern County earthquake) are smaller and do not influence block-model inverted fault slip rates. This suggests that either the large discrepancy between geodetic and geologic slip rates for the Garlock Fault is not due to a ghost transient or that un-modeled transients from recent Mojave earthquakes may influence the GPS velocity field. C1 [Hearn, E. H.; Onishi, C. T.; Pollitz, F. F.; Thatcher, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hearn, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hearn.liz@gmail.com FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We would like to thank Kaj Johnson for his insightful comments on this manuscript and for his detailed clarifications of the modeling approach and specific parameter values used in his previous studies (e. g., CJ11). We also thank the associated editor and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. This research was supported in part by E. Hearn's grant from the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and is SCEC contribution # 1666. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 828 EP 838 DI 10.1002/ggge.20080 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150SA UT WOS:000319410100004 ER PT J AU Till, CB Grove, TL Carlson, RW Fouch, MJ Donnelly-Nolan, JM Wagner, LS Hart, WK AF Till, Christy B. Grove, Timothy L. Carlson, Richard W. Fouch, Matthew J. Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. Wagner, Lara S. Hart, William K. TI Depths and temperatures of < 10.5Ma mantle melting and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary below southern Oregon and northern California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE High Lava Plains; Cascades arc; Modoc Plateau; lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; thermometry; depth of melting; high alumina olivine tholeiite ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PLATE-TECTONIC EVOLUTION; WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HIGH LAVA PLAINS; PRIMITIVE BASALTS; CASCADE RANGE; CALC-ALKALINE; ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS; MONOGENETIC VOLCANOS AB Plagioclase and spinel lherzolite thermometry and barometry are applied to an extensive geochemical dataset of young (<10.5Ma) primitive basaltic lavas from across Oregon's High Lava Plains, California's Modoc Plateau, and the central-southern Cascades volcanic arc to calculate the depths and temperatures of mantle melting. This study focuses on basalts with low pre-eruptive H2O contents that are little fractionated near-primary melts of mantle peridotite (i.e., basalts thought to be products of anhydrous decompression mantle melting). Calculated minimum depths of nominally anhydrous melt extraction are 4058km below Oregon's High Lava Plains, 4151km below the Modoc Plateau, and 3760km below the central and southern Cascades arc. The calculated depths are very close to Moho depths as determined from a number of regional geophysical studies and suggest that the geophysical Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in this region are located in very close proximity to one another (within 510km). The basalts originated at 11851383 degrees C and point to a generally warm mantle beneath this area but not one hot enough to obviously require a plume contribution. Our results, combined with a range of other geologic, geophysical, and geochemical constraints, are consistent with a regional model whereby anhydrous mantle melting over the last 10.5Ma in a modern convergent margin and back arc was driven by subduction-induced corner flow in the mantle wedge, and to a lesser extent, toroidal flow around the southern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates, and crustal extension-related upwelling of the shallow mantle. C1 [Till, Christy B.; Grove, Timothy L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Carlson, Richard W.; Fouch, Matthew J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [Till, Christy B.; Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wagner, Lara S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hart, William K.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Till, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cbtill@usgs.gov RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Till, Christy/D-7771-2012 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; FU Continental Dynamics Project on Oregon's HLP [EAR-0506914]; NSF [EAR-0809192, EAR-0506887]; USGS EdMap [G09AC00145] FX The ideas and geochemical data presented in this paper are an outgrowth of the Continental Dynamics Project on Oregon's HLP [EAR-0506914] and earlier foundational research by a number of the authors. Additional financial support was provided by NSF EAR-0809192 to L. S. Wagner, and NSF EAR-0506887 and USGS EdMap award #G09AC00145 to W. K. Hart. A great deal of thanks is extended to Anita Grunder, Randy Keller, David James, Kevin Eagar, Maureen Long, Chin-Wu Chen, Chris Kincaid, Bob Duncan, Jenda Johnson, and all the other scientists and personalities that brought this project to fruition. We would also like to thank Mike Clynne, Dennis Geist, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful reviews of the paper. NR 115 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 864 EP 879 DI 10.1002/ggge.20070 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 150SA UT WOS:000319410100007 ER PT J AU Campbell, PKE Middleton, EM Thome, KJ Kokaly, RF Huemmrich, KF Lagomasino, D Novick, KA Brunsell, NA AF Campbell, Petya K. Entcheva Middleton, Elizabeth M. Thome, Kurt J. Kokaly, Raymond F. Huemmrich, Karl Fred Lagomasino, David Novick, Kimberly A. Brunsell, Nathaniel A. TI EO-1 Hyperion Reflectance Time Series at Calibration and Validation Sites: Stability and Sensitivity to Seasonal Dynamics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth Observing-1; eddy covariance; flux sites; forest; grassland; Hyperion; imaging spectroscopy; Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites; reflectance; remote sensing; seasonal carbon dynamics; spectral time series; vegetation function; woodland ID RAILROAD VALLEY PLAYA; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ABSORPTION FEATURES; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; CARBON; GRADIENT; SENSORS; FLUXES; FOREST; RESPIRATION AB This study evaluated Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) Hyperion reflectance time series at established calibration sites to assess the instrument stability and suitability for monitoring vegetation functional parameters. Our analysis using three pseudo-invariant calibration sites in North America indicated that the reflectance time series are devoid of apparent spectral trends and their stability consistently is within 2.5-5 percent throughout most of the spectral range spanning the 12+ year data record. Using three vegetated sites instrumented with eddy covariance towers, the Hyperion reflectance time series were evaluated for their ability to determine important variables of ecosystem function. A number of narrowband and derivative vegetation indices (VI) closely described the seasonal profiles in vegetation function and ecosystem carbon exchange (e.g., net and gross ecosystem productivity) in three very different ecosystems, including a hardwood forest and tallgrass prairie in North America, and a Miombo woodland in Africa. Our results demonstrate the potential for scaling the carbon flux tower measurements to local and regional landscape levels. The VIs with stronger relationships to the CO2 parameters were derived using continuous reflectance spectra and included wavelengths associated with chlorophyll content and/or chlorophyll fluorescence. Since these indices cannot be calculated from broadband multispectral instrument data, the opportunity to exploit these spectrometer-based VIs in the future will depend on the launch of satellites such as EnMAP and HyspIRI. This study highlights the practical utility of space-borne spectrometers for characterization of the spectral stability and uniformity of the calibration sites in support of sensor cross-comparisons, and demonstrates the potential of narrowband VIs to track and spatially extend ecosystem functional status as well as carbon processes measured at flux towers. C1 [Campbell, Petya K. Entcheva; Huemmrich, Karl Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thome, Kurt J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kokaly, Raymond F.] USGS, Denver, CO USA. [Lagomasino, David] Florida Int Univ, Hydrogeol Lab, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Novick, Kimberly A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC USA. [Brunsell, Nathaniel A.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Campbell, PKE (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM petya.campbell@nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013; Lagomasino, David/P-8413-2015; Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Lagomasino, David/0000-0003-4008-5363; Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program [10509-0152, DE-FG02-00ER53015, DE-FG02-95ER62083] FX Manuscript received March 15, 2012; revised July 20, 2012 and November 02, 2012; accepted November 25, 2012. Date of publication April 24, 2013; date of current version May 13, 2013. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) program (Grants 10509-0152, DE-FG02-00ER53015, and DE-FG02-95ER62083). NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 35 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2246139 PN 1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100004 ER PT J AU Chander, G Angal, A Choi, T Xiong, XX AF Chander, Gyanesh Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Radiometric Cross-Calibration of EO-1 ALI With L7 ETM+ and Terra MODIS Sensors Using Near-Simultaneous Desert Observations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Arabia 1; EO-1 ALI and Hyperion; L7 ETM+; Libya 4; Mauritania 2; radiometric cross-calibration; RSR; SBAF; Sudan 1; Terra MODIS ID ADVANCED LAND IMAGER; OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; ON-ORBIT; SITES; PERFORMANCE; SAHARAN; LANDSAT-7-ETM+; SPECTROMETER; HYPERION; DESIGN AB The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite was launched on November 21, 2000, as part of a one-year technology demonstration mission. The mission was extended because of the value it continued to add to the scientific community. EO-1 has now been operational for more than a decade, providing both multispectral and hyperspectral measurements. As part of the EO-1 mission, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensor demonstrates a potential technological direction for the next generation of Landsat sensors. To evaluate the ALI sensor capabilities as a precursor to the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM, or Landsat 8 after launch), its measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances were compared to the well-calibrated Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors in the reflective solar bands (RSB). These three satellites operate in a near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit 705 km above the Earth's surface. EO-1 was designed to fly one minute behind L7 and approximately 30 minutes in front of Terra. In this configuration, all the three sensors can view near-identical ground targets with similar atmospheric, solar, and viewing conditions. However, because of the differences in the relative spectral response (RSR), the measured physical quantities can be significantly different while observing the same target. The cross-calibration of ALI with ETM+ and MODIS was performed using near-simultaneous surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed by these sensors over four desert sites (Libya 4, Mauritania 2, Arabia 1, and Sudan 1). The differences in the measured TOA reflectances due to RSR mismatches were compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of each sensor. For this study, the spectral profile of the target comes from the near-simultaneous EO-1 Hyperion data over these sites. The results indicate that the TOA reflectance measurements for ALI agree with those of ETM+ and MODIS to within 5% after the application of SBAF. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX Manuscript received March 09, 2012; revised September 03, 2012, January 23, 2013; accepted March 06, 2013. Date of publication April 04, 2013; date of current version May 13, 2013. This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2251999 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100014 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Mariotto, I Gumma, MK Middleton, EM Landis, DR Huemmrich, KF AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Mariotto, Isabella Gumma, Murali Krishna Middleton, Elizabeth M. Landis, David R. Huemmrich, K. Fred TI Selection of Hyperspectral Narrowbands (HNBs) and Composition of Hyperspectral Twoband Vegetation Indices (HVIs) for Biophysical Characterization and Discrimination of Crop Types Using Field Reflectance and Hyperion/EO-1 Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperion; field reflectance; imaging spectroscopy; HyspIRI; biophysical parameters; hyperspectral vegetation indices; hyperspectral narrowbands; broadbands ID WATER PRODUCTIVITY; IRRIGATED WHEAT; ENERGY FLUXES; IMAGERY AB The overarching goal of this study was to establish optimal hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs) and hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) that best characterize, classify, model, and map the world's main agricultural crops. The primary objectives were: (1) crop biophysical modeling through HNBs and HVIs, (2) accuracy assessment of crop type discrimination using Wilks' Lambda through a discriminant model, and (3) meta-analysis to select optimal HNBs and HVIs for applications related to agriculture. The study was conducted using two Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion scenes and other surface hyperspectral data for the eight leading worldwide crops (wheat, corn, rice, barley, soybeans, pulses, cotton, and alfalfa) that occupy similar to 70% of all cropland areas globally. This study integrated data collected from multiple study areas in various agroecosystems of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and India. Data were collected for the eight crop types in six distinct growth stages. These included (a) field spectroradiometer measurements (350-2500 nm) sampled at 1-nm discrete bandwidths, and (b) field biophysical variables (e.g., biomass, leaf area index) acquired to correspond with spectroradiometer measurements. The eight crops were described and classified using similar to 20 HNBs. The accuracy of classifying these 8 crops using HNBs was around 95%, which was similar to 25% better than the multi-spectral results possible from Landsat-7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ or EO-1's Advanced Land Imager. Further, based on this research and meta-analysis involving over 100 papers, the study established 33 optimal HNBs and an equal number of specific two-band normalized difference HVIs to best model and study specific biophysical and biochemical quantities of major agricultural crops of the world. Redundant bands identified in this study will help overcome the Hughes Phenomenon (or "the curse of high dimensionality") in hyperspectral data for a particular application (e.g., biophysical characterization of crops). The findings of this study will make a significant contribution to future hyperspectral missions such as NASA's HyspIRI. C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mariotto, Isabella] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, Environm Sci Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gumma, Murali Krishna] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, South Asia Breeding Hub, IRRI, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landis, David R.] Sigma Space Corp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Huemmrich, K. Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division [NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI]; USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX The authors want to thank Dr. Zhuoting Wu for help with Figs. 3 and 8. The four anonymous reviewers and two internal USGS reviewers (Dr. Dennis Dye and Dr. Kristin Byrd) were very insightful in their comments and helped improve the quality of this manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Elizabeth Middleton, NASA, Guest Editor of this special issue, for the encouragement to put this paper together. Dr. David Landis, Sigma Space Corp. for editing the penultimate version along with Dr. Middleton. The financial support through Land Remote Sensing (LRS) and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division for the research grant in response to NASA ROSES HyspIRI solicitation (NNH10ZDA001N-HYSPIRI). The authors are grateful for continued support and encouragement from Susan Benjamin, Director of the USGS Western Geographic Science Center and Edwin Pfeifer, USGS Southwest Geographic Team Chief. Finally, the authors would like to thank USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for funding the Working group on Global Croplands (WGGC). Our special thanks to Powell Center Directors: Jill Baron and Marty Goldhaber. Inputs from WGGC team members (http://powellcenter.usgs.gov/currentprojects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers) are acknowledged. The WGGC web site (https://powellcenter.usgs.gov/globalcroplandwater/) support provided by Megan Eberhardt Frank, Gail A. Montgomery, Tim Kern and others is deeply appreciated. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 52 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252601 PN 1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 148VV UT WOS:000319277100018 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH Poland, MP AF Johnson, Jessica H. Poland, Michael P. TI Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kilauea's 2008 summit explosion SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; HAWAII; VOLCANO; EARTHQUAKES; INSIGHTS; ERUPTION; STRESS; FAULT AB The 2008 explosion that started a new eruption at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, was not preceded by a dramatic increase in earthquakes nor inflation, but was associated with increases in SO2 emissions and seismic tremor. Here we perform shear wave splitting analysis on local earthquakes spanning the onset of the eruption. Shear wave splitting measures seismic anisotropy and is traditionally used to infer changes in crustal stress over time. We show that shear wave splitting may also vary due to changes in volcanic degassing. The orientation of fast shear waves at Kilauea is usually controlled by structure, but in 2008 showed changes with increased SO2 emissions preceding the start of the summit eruption. This interpretation for changing anisotropy is supported by corresponding decreases in V-p/V-s ratio. Our result demonstrates a novel method for detecting changes in gas flux using seismic observations and provides a new tool for monitoring under-instrumented volcanoes. C1 [Johnson, Jessica H.; Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. [Johnson, Jessica H.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Study Act Volcanoes, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM jessjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Jessica/N-1113-2015; OI Johnson, Jessica/0000-0003-3628-6402; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU University of Hawai'i at Hilo; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by a cooperative agreement between the University of Hawai'i at Hilo and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Weston Thelen and Paul Okubo for their help with retrieving seismic data, and Jeff Sutton for SO2 emission rates. The seismic waveforms used in these analyses are available from IRIS (http://www.iris.edu/data/access/network code HV), and the SO2 emission rate data are available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1107/. Figures were created using GMT31. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1668 DI 10.1038/ncomms2703 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 143MR UT WOS:000318872100025 PM 23575672 ER PT J AU Booth, CJ Johnson, CJ Pedersen, JA AF Booth, Clarissa J. Johnson, Christopher J. Pedersen, Joel A. TI Microbial and enzymatic inactivation of prions in soil environments SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy; Prion; Microorganisms; Bacteria; Fungi; Microbial consortia; Enzymes; Proteases; Land management ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; THURINGIENSIS SUBSP KURSTAKI; NOCARDIOPSIS SP TOA-1; INSECTICIDAL CRY1AB PROTEIN; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SCRAPIE AGENT; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HUMIC ACIDS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal, infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. The etiological agent in TSEs is the prion and is thought to be composed of aggregated, beta-sheet-rich conformers of the prion protein (PrPTSE) derived from misfolding of a benign cellular form of the same protein. Prions are remarkably resistant to inactivation and can persist and remain infectious in the environment for years. Environmental routes of TSE transmission are implicated in chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer, elk and moose and in scrapie of sheep and goats. Soil is thought to be an important reservoir of CWD and scrapie infectivity. The extent to which prions are inactivated by natural processes in soils is unclear, and methods for inactivating TSE agents in soil are currently lacking. This critical review discusses current knowledge on the degradation of PrPTSE and inactivation of prions by individual bacterial species, mixed microbial consortia, and isolated bacterial and archaeal enzymes, and highlights areas warranting further research. Research conducted to date indicates that few microorganisms are able to degrade PrPTSE. Fungi have not been evaluated for their ability to inactivate TSE agents. Of proteases reported to degrade PrPTSE, most are serine proteases and many require harsh conditions (e.g, elevated temperature, high pH, detergent) for optimal PrPTSE-degrading activity. Declines in the levels of PrPTSE are not always accompanied by equivalent decreases in TSE infectivity. Most biodegradation studies reported to date did not examine effects on TSE infectivity and must therefore be considered inconclusive with respect to the likely impact on prion disease transmission. Improved understanding of the factors affecting prion inactivation is required to discern natural routes of prion inactivation or implement effective practices outside of the laboratory. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Booth, Clarissa J.; Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pedersen, Joel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pedersen, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM joelpedersen@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [4C-R156-NAEX]; U.S. Department of Agriculture (CSREES) [WIS01341]; U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX JAP gratefully acknowledges funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (4C-R156-NAEX) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CSREES project WIS01341). CB gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife, Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. We thank Dennis Heisey (U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center) and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. We dedicate this review to the memory of Prof. John Seville Waid, Founding Editor of Soil Biology and Biochemistry. NR 247 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 59 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.12.016 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 141VG UT WOS:000318754000001 ER PT J AU Robu, M Fortin, JK Richards, MP Schwartz, CC Wynn, JG Robbins, CT Trinkaus, E AF Robu, Marius Fortin, Jennifer K. Richards, Michael P. Schwartz, Charles C. Wynn, Jonathan G. Robbins, Charles T. Trinkaus, Erik TI Isotopic evidence for dietary flexibility among European Late Pleistocene cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; carbon; nitrogen; cave bear; Ursus spelaeus; grizzly bear; Ursus arctos horribilis; Europe; Yellowstone; paleodiet ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; BONE-COLLAGEN; GRIZZLY BEARS; TROPHIC LEVEL; PALEOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; CLIMATIC INFORMATION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY C-13; TOOTH COLLAGEN; EXTINCT BEARS; ANCIENT DNA AB The proposed dietary pattern of extinct Late Pleistocene cave bears (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmuller, 1794) has become controversial, as some authors have suggested that they were strictly vegetarian, whereas others maintain they were omnivores that at times ate large amounts of animal protein. We evaluated these alternatives by compiling stable isotope data of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) from the bone collagen of adult European cave bears from the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotopic Stage 3). The data include previously published analyses and additional data from the southeastern European (Carpathian) sites of Cioclovina, Muierii, Oase, and Ursilor. The cave bear isotopic values from bone collagen were compared with those from hair keratin occurring in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) collected from 1989 to 2009 in the western United States (Yellowstone National Park). The Yellowstone bears have access to a wide diversity of plants and animals, such that their diets can range from vegetarian to carnivorous. Thus, there was considerable delta C-13 and delta N-15 variation among the grizzly bear isotopic values, and the cave bear isotopic variation was encompassed within the overall grizzly bear isotopic distribution. More importantly, the delta N-15 distributions, reflecting principally trophic level, were not different between the cave bears and the grizzly bears; the cave bear values are, on average, slightly higher or lower than those of the grizzly bears, depending on the criteria for inclusion in the comparisons. It is therefore no longer appropriate to view Late Pleistocene cave bears as strictly or even predominantly vegetarian but as flexible omnivores within their diverse communities. C1 [Robu, Marius] Inst Speol Emil Racovita, Bucharest 050711, Romania. [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Richards, Michael P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Anthropol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Richards, Michael P.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wynn, Jonathan G.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Trinkaus, Erik] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Trinkaus, E (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM trinkaus@artsci.wustl.edu RI Richards, Michael/A-9374-2008; Wynn, Jonathan/C-1646-2010; Richards, Michael/O-3717-2016 OI Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887 FU CNCS-UEFISCDI [IDEI 31/2010]; Max Planck Institute; USGS BRD Natural Resources Preservation Program; Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Washington State University Bear Center; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park FX The analysis of the additional cave bear isotopic data was funded by CNCS-UEFISCDI Grant IDEI 31/2010 (KARSTHIVES Project) and the Max Planck Institute. B. P. Onac, O.T. Moldovan, S. Constantin, A. Popescu, M. Puscas, and the Apuseni National Park provided M. R. and (or) E. T. access to collections and useful advice. Funding for the Yellowstone project was provided by USGS BRD Natural Resources Preservation Program, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team of the USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Washington State University Bear Center, and Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources in Yellowstone National Park. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2013 VL 91 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1139/cjz-2012-0222 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 142FZ UT WOS:000318783700005 ER PT J AU Karaoulis, M Revil, A Tsourlos, P Werkema, DD Minsley, BJ AF Karaoulis, M. Revil, A. Tsourlos, P. Werkema, D. D. Minsley, B. J. TI IP4DI: A software for time-lapse 2D/3D DC-resistivity and induced polarization tomography SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Resistivity; Induced polarization; Inversion; Time-lapse ID SPECTRAL INDUCED POLARIZATION; SHALY SANDS; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITIES; OCCAMS INVERSION AB We propose a 2D/3D forward modelling and inversion package to invert direct current (DC)-resistivity, time-domain induced polarization (TDIP), and frequency-domain induced polarization (FDIP) data. Each cell used for the discretization of the 2D/3D problems is characterized by a DC-resistivity value and a chargeability or complex conductivity for TDIP/FDIP problems, respectively. The governing elliptic partial differential equations are solved with the finite element method, which can be applied for both real and complex numbers. The inversion can be performed either for a single snapshot of data or for a sequence of snapshots in order to monitor a dynamic process such as a salt tracer test. For the time-lapse inversion, we have developed an active time constrained (ATC) approach that is very efficient in filtering out noise in the data that is not correlated over time. The forward algorithm is benchmarked with simple analytical solutions. The inversion package IP4DI is benchmarked with three tests, two including simple geometries. The last one corresponds to a time-lapse resistivity problem for cross-well tomography during enhanced oil recovery. The algorithms are based on MATLAB (R) code package and a graphical user interface (GUI). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karaoulis, M.; Revil, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, A.] Univ Savoie, Equipe Volcans, INSU CNRS LGIT UMR 5559, Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Tsourlos, P.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Geophys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Werkema, D. D.] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,CMB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Revil, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM marios.karaoulis@gmail.com; arevil@mines.edu; tsourlos@geo.auth.gr; werkema.d@epamail.epa.gov; bminsley@usgs.gov RI Karaoulis, Marios/C-9977-2013; OI Tsourlos, Panagiotis/0000-0002-6992-8566; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU EPA; DOE [GO18195, DEEE0005513]; Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi FX We thank the support of EPA and funding from DOE (Energy efficiency and Renewable Energy Geothermal Technologies Program Award #GO18195 and Geothermal Technology Advancement for Rapid Development of Resources in the U.S., GEODE, Award #DEEE0005513) and the Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi. We thank J. Zhang for the multiphase simulation for time lapse resistivity example. We thank Alex Furman for his review and the Editor for his work. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.008 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900019 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS AF Mueller, David S. TI extrap: Software to assist the selection of extrapolation methods for moving-boat ADCP streamflow measurements SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Velocity profile; Discharge measurement; Matlab; Rivers; Power law AB Selection of the appropriate extrapolation methods for computing the discharge in the unmeasured top and bottom parts of a moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) streamflow measurement is critical to the total discharge computation. The software tool, extrap, combines normalized velocity profiles from the entire cross section and multiple transects to determine a mean profile for the measurement. The use of an exponent derived from normalized data from the entire cross section is shown to be valid for application of the power velocity distribution law in the computation of the unmeasured discharge in a cross section. Selected statistics are combined with empirically derived criteria to automatically select the appropriate extrapolation methods. A graphical user interface (GUI) provides the user tools to visually evaluate the automatically selected extrapolation methods and manually change them, as necessary. The sensitivity of the total discharge to available extrapolation methods is presented in the GUI. Use of extrap by field hydrographers has demonstrated that extrap is a more accurate and efficient method of determining the appropriate extrapolation methods compared with tools currently (2012) provided in the ADCP manufacturers' software. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. EM dmueller@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.02.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900025 ER PT J AU Som, SM Hagadorn, JW Thelen, WA Gillespie, AR Catling, DC Buick, R AF Som, Sanjoy M. Hagadorn, James W. Thelen, Weston A. Gillespie, Alan R. Catling, David C. Buick, Roger TI Quantitative discrimination between geological materials with variable density contrast by high resolution X-ray computed tomography: An example using amygdule size-distribution in ancient lava flows SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE X-ray tomography; Amygdules; Bubble-size distribution; Dynamic thresholding; Bootstrap resampling; Central limit theorem ID BASALT FLOWS; BUBBLE; ROCKS; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; COALESCENCE; ERUPTION AB The bubble-size distribution in 2.7 billion year old lava flows can be used as a proof of concept illustrating a new set of techniques for measuring volumes of geological materials with variable density contrasts using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Such studies have been limited in the past to high-contrast situations such as vesicles devoid of secondary fill. We present a new dynamic thresholding method for computationally separating amygdules from their basaltic matrix in X-ray images that is based on a technique used in seismology. The technique is sensitive to the gradient of the gray-scale value, rather than an absolute threshold value often applied to an entire set of X-ray images. Additionally, we present statistical methods for extrapolating the volumetric measurement mean and standard deviation of amygdules in the measured samples to the entire population in the flow. To do so, we create additional amygdule sample sets from the original sample set in the process of 'bootstrap' resampling, and use the Central Limit Theorem to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the amygdule population from these sample sets. This suite of methods allows the extension of bubble-size distribution studies typically done on modern flows to the ancient rock record and potentially has many other uses in geosciences where quantitative discrimination between materials with a range of densities is required. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Som, Sanjoy M.; Thelen, Weston A.; Gillespie, Alan R.; Catling, David C.; Buick, Roger] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Som, Sanjoy M.] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Hagadorn, James W.] Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. [Thelen, Weston A.] Hawaii Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. RP Som, SM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM sanjoy@uw.edu OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X; Buick, Roger/0000-0003-0139-1659 FU NASA Exobiology/Astrobiology grant [NNX08AP56G] FX This work was funded by NASA Exobiology/Astrobiology grant NNX08AP56G. The help of John Perreault is gratefully acknowledged in assisting with BLOB3D amygdule extraction. Richard Ketcham and Philip Watson at the UT HRXCT facility are thanked for their helpful feedback during our implementation of BLOB3D. This manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by Richard Ketcham and Guilherme Gualda. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.11.019 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 136PW UT WOS:000318376900027 ER PT J AU Rastatter, L Kuznetsova, MM Glocer, A Welling, D Meng, X Raeder, J Wiltberger, M Jordanova, VK Yu, Y Zaharia, S Weigel, RS Sazykin, S Boynton, R Wei, H Eccles, V Horton, W Mays, ML Gannon, J AF Rastaetter, L. Kuznetsova, M. M. Glocer, A. Welling, D. Meng, X. Raeder, J. Wiltberger, M. Jordanova, V. K. Yu, Y. Zaharia, S. Weigel, R. S. Sazykin, S. Boynton, R. Wei, H. Eccles, V. Horton, W. Mays, M. L. Gannon, J. TI Geospace environment modeling 2008-2009 challenge: D-st index SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE model validation; GEM 2008 challenge ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; OUTPUT PARAMETRIC MODELS; MAGNETIC-FIELD MODEL; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RING CURRENT; SIMULATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SUBSTORM AB This paper reports the metrics-based results of the Dst index part of the 20082009 GEM Metrics Challenge. The 20082009 GEM Metrics Challenge asked modelers to submit results for four geomagnetic storm events and five different types of observations that can be modeled by statistical, climatological or physics-based models of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We present the results of 30 model settings that were run at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and at the institutions of various modelers for these events. To measure the performance of each of the models against the observations, we use comparisons of 1hour averaged model data with the Dst index issued by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan, and direct comparison of 1minute model data with the 1minute Dst index calculated by the United States Geological Survey. The latter index can be used to calculate spectral variability of model outputs in comparison to the index. We find that model rankings vary widely by skill score used. None of the models consistently perform best for all events. We find that empirical models perform well in general. Magnetohydrodynamics-based models of the global magnetosphere with inner magnetosphere physics (ring current model) included and stand-alone ring current models with properly defined boundary conditions perform well and are able to match or surpass results from empirical models. Unlike in similar studies, the statistical models used in this study found their challenge in the weakest events rather than the strongest events. C1 [Rastaetter, L.; Kuznetsova, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Glocer, A.; Mays, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Welling, D.; Meng, X.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jordanova, V. K.; Yu, Y.; Zaharia, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Weigel, R. S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sazykin, S.] Rice Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Boynton, R.; Wei, H.] Univ Sheffield, ACSE, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Eccles, V.] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT USA. [Horton, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gannon, J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Rastatter, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM lutz.rastaetter@nasa.gov RI Glocer, Alex/C-9512-2012; Yu, Yiqun/E-2710-2012; Welling, Daniel/C-1970-2013; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; Meng, Xing/A-1929-2016; OI Glocer, Alex/0000-0001-9843-9094; Yu, Yiqun/0000-0002-1013-6505; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743; Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Wei, Hua-Liang/0000-0002-4704-7346 FU Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling; Science and Technology Centers program of the National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950]; National Science Foundation FX Hourly Dst data were obtained from the World Data Center of Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan and 1 minute data were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Both index values include magnetic data from the following stations: KAK: Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan, HON, SJG: Honolulu and San Juan magnetic observatories, USGS, HER: Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, South African National Space Agency (SANSA). Solar wind input data for the models (magnetic field and plasma parameters) were obtained from OMNI (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) and CDAweb (cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) databases. This work was supported by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, which is funded by the Science and Technology Centers program of the National Science Foundation under agreement number ATM-0120950. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 4 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1002/swe.20036 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140EH UT WOS:000318636700008 ER PT J AU Gimenez, O Abadi, F Barnagaud, JY Blanc, L Buoro, M Cubaynes, S Desprez, M Gamelon, M Guilhaumon, F Lagrange, P Madon, B Marescot, L Papadatou, E Papaix, J Peron, G Servanty, S AF Gimenez, O. Abadi, F. Barnagaud, J-Y. Blanc, L. Buoro, M. Cubaynes, S. Desprez, M. Gamelon, M. Guilhaumon, F. Lagrange, P. Madon, B. Marescot, L. Papadatou, E. Papaix, J. Peron, G. Servanty, S. TI How can quantitative ecology be attractive to young scientists? Balancing computer/desk work with fieldwork SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS C1 [Gimenez, O.; Abadi, F.; Blanc, L.; Gamelon, M.; Lagrange, P.; Marescot, L.] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Barnagaud, J-Y.] UMR BIOGECO, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Cestas, France. [Buoro, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cubaynes, S.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London, Berks, England. [Desprez, M.] Macquarie Univ, Marine Mammal Res Grp, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Gamelon, M.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Gamelon, M.] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Chateauvillain, France. [Guilhaumon, F.] CIBIO Univ Evora, Rui Nabeiro Biodivers Chair, Evora, Portugal. [Lagrange, P.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Madon, B.] Boomerang Earth Conservat, Antony, France. [Papaix, J.] INRA AgroParisTech, Biol & Gest Risques Agr, UMR 1290, Thiverval Grignon, France. [Papaix, J.] INRA, UR 341, Jouy En Josas, France. [Peron, G.; Servanty, S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Peron, G.; Servanty, S.] 1484 Campus Delivery Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Gimenez, O (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. EM olivier.gimenez@cefe.cnrs.fr RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010; PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013; Desprez, Marine/I-8054-2014; Papaix, Julien/S-3431-2016; OI Guilhaumon, Francois/0000-0003-4707-8932; Buoro, Mathieu/0000-0001-7053-3767 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 2 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00597.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131GW UT WOS:000317981800002 ER PT J AU Dalman, SG Weems, RE AF Dalman, Sebastian G. Weems, Robert E. TI A New Look at Morphological Variation in the Ichnogenus Anomoepus, with Special Reference to Material from the Lower Jurassic Newark Supergroup: Implications for Ichnotaxonomy and Ichnodiyersity SO BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE East Berlin Formation; Early Jurassic; Connecticut River Valley; Massachusetts; ornithischian dinosaurs trackways; morphology; locomotor behavior; Anomoepus ID DINOSAUR; MASSACHUSETTS; FOOTPRINTS; TRACKS; POLAND; HARTFORD; BASIN; SITE; USA; MA AB Numerous new trackways of the small, ornithischian dinosaurs ichnogenus Anomoepus were discovered in the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) East Berlin Formation in Holyoke, Massachusetts. This new material consists of 16 trackways, on two bedding surfaces 1.5 cm apart, all in close proximity to each other. The abundant pedal and manual impressions have well-preserved digital pad impressions, and claw marks are often discernible also. An osteometric analysis allows reconstruction of the pedal digits and weight-bearing portions of the metatarsals. On the basis of their small size, as well as distinctive features and proportions of both the manus and pes impressions, these prints are assigned to the ichnospecies Anomoepus lacertoideus (comb. nov.). Three ichnospecies of Anomoepus can be recognized in the Lower Jurassic of the Newark Supergroup: A. lacertoideus, A. scambus and A. crassus. The A. lacertoideus footprints described herein provide evidence that this small, ornithischian track maker engaged in a variety of locomotion-related behaviors. Trackways mostly consist of digitigrade pes prints, reflecting bipedal locomotion, but intervals of quadrupedal progression also are documented by metatarsal and manus imprints in seven trackways. The longest trackways, each consisting of 10 to 15 pes impressions, vary in morphology as a result of the presence or absence of an impression of the distal parts of metatarsals II and IV. The manus prints show two distinct digital divarication angles, 120 degrees and 180 degrees, depending on whether the animal was walking normally or stopping. Variations in substrate consistency influenced locomotor behavior, as shown by the variable pattern of body weight distributions on the pedal digits. Such differences are especially apparent in the longest trackways, which vary in stride and pace lengths. The trends of the abundant trackways at this site also suggest group behavior in Anomoepus, something previously unrecorded for this ichnogenus in the Connecticut River Valley. Evidence from the East Berlin Formation suggests that ichnogenus Anomoepus is not monospecific as some authors have suggested. C1 [Dalman, Sebastian G.] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Weems, Robert E.] Paleo Quest, Gainesville, VA 20155 USA. [Weems, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Dalman, SG (reprint author), Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Geosci, 600 Pk St, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM sebastiandalman@yahoo.com; rweems@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PEABODY MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY-YALE UNIV PI NEW HAVEN PA 170 WHITNEY AVE, PO BOX 208118, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8118 USA SN 0079-032X J9 B PEABODY MUS NAT HI JI Bull. Peabody Mus. Natl. Hist. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 67 EP 124 PG 58 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 137RV UT WOS:000318456000004 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Conn, PB Hooten, MB Ray, JC Pond, BA AF Johnson, Devin S. Conn, Paul B. Hooten, Mevin B. Ray, Justina C. Pond, Bruce A. TI Spatial occupancy models for large data sets SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; caribou; intrinsic conditionally autoregressive; occupancy model; probit regression; Rangifer tarandus; reduced rank; spatial regression ID BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; WOLVERINE; BINARY; ERRORS; SCALE AB Since its development, occupancy modeling has become a popular and useful tool for ecologists wishing to learn about the dynamics of species occurrence over time and space. Such models require presence-absence data to be collected at spatially indexed survey units. However, only recently have researchers recognized the need to correct for spatially induced overdisperison by explicitly accounting for spatial autocorrelation in occupancy probability. Previous efforts to incorporate such autocorrelation have largely focused on logit-normal formulations for occupancy, with spatial autocorrelation induced by a random effect within a hierarchical modeling framework. Although useful, computational time generally limits such an approach to relatively small data sets, and there are often problems with algorithm instability, yielding unsatisfactory results. Further, recent research has revealed a hidden form of multicollinearity in such applications, which may lead to parameter bias if not explicitly addressed. Combining several techniques, we present a unifying hierarchical spatial occupancy model specification that is particularly effective over large spatial extents. This approach employs a probit mixture framework for occupancy and can easily accommodate a reduced-dimensional spatial process to resolve issues with multicollinearity and spatial confounding while improving algorithm convergence. Using open-source software, we demonstrate this new model specification using a case study involving occupancy of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) over a set of 1080 survey units spanning a large contiguous region ( 108 000 km(2)) in northern Ontario, Canada. Overall, the combination of a more efficient specification and open-source software allows for a facile and stable implementation of spatial occupancy models for large data sets. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ray, Justina C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. [Pond, Bruce A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov FU OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario FX The authors thank J. Hughes, J. Hodges, M. Haran, B. Reich, J. Ver Hoef, J. Laake, and M. Kery for helpful discussion. We are grateful to Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) pilots and field and science unit staff, to Supercub pilots H. McMahan and G. Lee, L. Yesno who acted as an observer, and to G. Woolmer, C. Stratton, and F. Hofmann for data processing. We are indebted to the OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario for financial support. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131BF UT WOS:000317964900005 ER PT J AU Cho, Y Jin, JM Witt, M Birdwell, JE Na, JG Roh, NS Kim, S AF Cho, Yunju Jin, Jang Mi Witt, Matthias Birdwell, Justin E. Na, Jeong-Geol Roh, Nam-Sun Kim, Sunghwan TI Comparing Laser Desorption Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Shale Oils at the Molecular Level SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL St. Pete Beach, FL ID FT-ICR MS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CRUDE-OIL; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS; ASPHALTENES; FRACTIONS; ESI; PETROLEOMICS; MIXTURES AB Laser desorption ionization (LDI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze shale oils. Previous work showed that LDI is a sensitive ionization technique for assessing aromatic nitrogen compounds, and oils generated from Green River Formation oil shales are well-documented as being rich in nitrogen. The data presented here demonstrate that LDI is effective in ionizing high-double-bond-equivalent (DBE) compounds and, therefore, is a suitable method for characterizing compounds with condensed structures. Additionally, LDI generates radical cations and protonated ions concurrently, the distribution of which depends upon the molecular structures and elemental compositions, and the basicity of compounds is closely related to the generation of protonated ions. This study demonstrates that LDI FT-ICR MS is an effective ionization technique for use in the study of shale oils at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDI FT-ICR MS has been applied to shale oils. C1 [Cho, Yunju; Jin, Jang Mi; Kim, Sunghwan] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Jin, Jang Mi] Korea Basic Sci Inst, Div Mass Spectrometry Res, Ochang 863883, South Korea. [Witt, Matthias] Bruker Daltonik GmbH, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Na, Jeong-Geol; Roh, Nam-Sun] Korea Inst Energy Res, Climate Change Technol Res Div, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Kim, Sunghwan] Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM sunghwank@knu.ac.kr OI Na, Jeong-Geol/0000-0003-2196-7547; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korean government (MEST) [20110003796]; Korea Institute of Energy Research; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean Government FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (20110003796) and the Korea Institute of Energy Research. This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2011-Fostering Core Leaders of the Future Basic Science Program). We thank M. Lewan (U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO) for assistance with various aspects of this work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1830 EP 1837 DI 10.1021/ef3015662 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 130WN UT WOS:000317950900012 ER PT J AU Kertson, BN Spencer, RD Grue, CE AF Kertson, Brian N. Spencer, Rocky D. Grue, Christian E. TI Demographic influences on cougar residential use and interactions with people in western Washington SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cougar; demographics; Puma concolor; residential use; Washington; wildland-urban interface; wildlife-human interaction ID GPS COLLAR PERFORMANCE; HOME-RANGE; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; URBANIZING ENVIRONMENTS; MOUNTAIN LIONS; SPACE USE; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA AB Sound management of large carnivore populations in wildland-urban environments requires accurate information regarding the ecology of these populations and factors contributing to their interactions with people. We quantified cougar (Puma concolor) residential use and interactions with people in western Washington from 2003 to 2008 to characterize the ecology and risks associated with an adaptable large carnivore residing in a wildland-urban environment. We fitted cougars with global positioning system and very-high-frequency radiocollars, quantified residential use, and tested for differences between demographic classes using analysis of variance fixed-effects and multiple-comparison models. We investigated interaction reports to quantify interaction rates and tested for differences among interaction levels for different cougar demographic classes. We captured 32 cougars (16 males and 16 females) and estimated 33 annual utilization distributions (UDs) for 27 individuals. Ninety-three percent of cougars (n = 27; 15 males and 12 females) used residential areas with an average UD overlap of 16.86% (SD = 17.05%, n = 33). There were no differences between male and female (F-1,F-29 = 0.77, P = 0.49) or resident and transient (F-1,F-29 = 0.0003, P = 0.99) use of residential areas, but subadult use was significantly higher than that of adults (F-1,F-29 = 7.20, P = 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of reports were confirmed (n = 73), with livestock depredations accounting for 67% of confirmed reports. The interaction rate for radiocollared cougars was low (1.6 interactions/1,000 radiodays) and all demographic classes were involved in similar numbers of interactions. Use of residential areas in western Washington appears to be a function of the adaptive and mobile nature of the cougar exploiting suitable habitat and resources within the matrix of residential development. Interaction appears to be a function of individual behavior. Management strategies that target problem individuals and maintain older age structures in local populations coupled with proactive landscape planning and public education in residential areas at the wildland-urban interface may provide an effective strategy for decreasing cougar-human interaction. C1 [Kertson, Brian N.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Spencer, Rocky D.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kertson, BN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brian.kertson@dfw.wa.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Washington FX We thank B. Richards, M. White, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Detachment 10 personnel for invaluable field assistance and B. Maletzke for input on all aspects of our investigation. We also thank the Washington Department of Natural Resources, King County Parks, Seattle Public Utilities, Tacoma Water, Hancock Forest Management, Fruit Growers Supply, and countless private landowners for graciously providing access to their lands. Reviews by R. Beausoleil, G. Koehler, L. Sweanor, and 1 anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Funding and logistical support were provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the University of Washington. Mention of trade names or suppliers does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 98 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-051.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 133HN UT WOS:000318129600002 ER PT J AU Faries, KM Kristensen, TV Beringer, J Clark, JD White, D Eggert, LS AF Faries, Kaitlyn M. Kristensen, Thea V. Beringer, Jeff Clark, Joseph D. White, Don, Jr. Eggert, Lori S. TI Origins and genetic structure of black bears in the Interior Highlands of North America SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE bear; genetic sexing; microsatellites; population structure; reintroduction; translocation; Ursus americanus ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; URSUS-AMERICANUS; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; SEX IDENTIFICATION; POLAR BEARS; TRANSLOCATION; DIVERSITY; LOUISIANA AB Although black bears (Ursus americanus) were believed to be extirpated from the Interior Highlands of North America by the early 1900s, populations have recently recovered, aided in part by reintroductions in Arkansas. Today black bears can be found in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests of northern and western Arkansas, the White River National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Arkansas, and the Ozark region of southern Missouri. Previous genetic studies have investigated the effects of translocating black bears from Minnesota and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests between 1958 and 1968, with differing results. We used nuclear microsatellite loci to infer the genetic structure of black bears across the Interior Highlands and to investigate the sources of bears found today in southern Missouri. Our results suggest that the Ozark population was strongly influenced by the reintroductions, whereas the Ouachita population was influenced to a lesser degree. Although the majority of bears in the Ozark region of Arkansas and Missouri represent a single genetic unit, bears in Webster County, Missouri, may represent a remnant of the historical population of the region. Our results confirm that the bear population in the White River National Wildlife Refuge is strongly differentiated genetically from other Arkansas populations and support previous reports that the Ouachita bear population may have resulted from an admixture of a remnant population and reintroduced bears. C1 [Faries, Kaitlyn M.; Eggert, Lori S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kristensen, Thea V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Beringer, Jeff] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [White, Don, Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Eggert, LS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM eggertl@missouri.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 43 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-093.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 133HN UT WOS:000318129600011 ER PT J AU Castelblanco-Martinez, DN Padilla-Saldivar, J Hernandez-Arana, HA Slone, DH Reid, JP Morales-Vela, B AF Castelblanco-Martinez, D. N. Padilla-Saldivar, J. Hernandez-Arana, H. A. Slone, D. H. Reid, J. P. Morales-Vela, B. TI Movement patterns of Antillean manatees in Chetumal Bay (Mexico) and coastal Belize: A challenge for regional conservation SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antillean manatee; Trichechus manatus manatus; home range; residency; satellite telemetry; Mexico; Belize ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; DROWNED CAYES; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SEAGRASSES; FLORIDA AB Information from 15 satellite-tracked Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) was analyzed in order to assess individual movements, home ranges, and high-use areas for conservation decisions. Manatees were captured in Chetumal Bay, Mexico, and tagged with Argos-monitored satellite transmitters. Location of the manatees and physical characteristics were assessed to describe habitat properties. Most manatees traveled to freshwater sources. The Maximum Area Size (MAS) for each manatee was determined using the observation-area method. Additional kernel densities of 95% home range and 50% Center of Activity (COA) were also calculated, with manatees having 13 COAs. Manatees exhibited two different movement patterns: remaining in Chetumal Bay, and long-distance (up to 240km in 89 d). The residence time in Chetumal Bay was higher for females (89.6% of time) than for males (72.0%), but the daily travel rate (0.40.5km/d) was similar for both sexes. Most of the COAs fell within Natural Protected Areas (NPA). However, manatees also travel for long distances into unprotected areas, where they face uncontrolled boat traffic, fishing activities, and habitat loss. Conservation of movement corridors may promote long-distance movements and facilitate genetic exchange. C1 [Castelblanco-Martinez, D. N.; Padilla-Saldivar, J.; Hernandez-Arana, H. A.; Morales-Vela, B.] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Slone, D. H.; Reid, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Morales-Vela, B (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Av Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM bmorales@ecosur.mx RI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/E-5141-2015; OI Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth Adriana/0000-0001-8966-453X; Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU SEMARNAT/CONACyT [2002-C01-1128]; CONACyT; Dolphin Discovery Group; Sirenian International Inc. FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by SEMARNAT/CONACyT (Project 2002-C01-1128). CONACyT also gave a Ph.D. study grant to DNC-M. Dolphin Discovery Group and Sirenian International Inc. gave additional economic support. Temporal captures and radio-tagging of manatees in Mexico were done under permission of SEMARNAT-Direccion General de Vida Silvestre (permit documents NUM/SGPA/DGVS/03144, 04513, 03670/06 and 03675/07). Thanks to Rafael Estrada-Anaya, Gerardo Rodriguez-Martinez, Marco Benitez-Garcia, Daniel Robelo, Manuel Robelo, Humberto Bahena-Basave, Mauro Sanvicente-Lopez, and many volunteers for their collaboration in manatee captures and tracking. The authors thank field assistants Isai Madriz-Villanueva, Cristian Barajas, Jose Olivares-Escobedo, Isabel Mercadillo-Elguero, Alejandro Aragon-Moreno, and Jose Angel Cohuo Colli for their help in ecological data collection. Two anonymous reviewers of U.S. Geological Survey improved the manuscript with their comments and advice. Thanks are due to two anonymous reviewers and to Dr. Tom O'Shea for their very valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP E166 EP E182 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00602.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600008 ER PT J AU Khan, NS Horton, BP McKee, KL Jerolmack, D Falcini, F Enache, MD Vane, CH AF Khan, Nicole S. Horton, Benjamin P. McKee, Karen L. Jerolmack, Douglas Falcini, Federico Enache, Mihaela D. Vane, Christopher H. TI Tracking sedimentation from the historic A.D. 2011 Mississippi River flood in the deltaic wetlands of Louisiana, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA; COASTAL MARSHES; RECORD; DIATOM; RITA; SUBMERGENCE; ACCRETION; DEPOSITS; IMPACTS AB Management and restoration of the Mississippi River deltaic plain (southern United States) and associated wetlands require a quantitative understanding of sediment delivery during large flood events, past and present. Here, we investigate the sedimentary fingerprint of the 2011 Mississippi River flood across the Louisiana coast (Atchafalaya Delta, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River Delta basins) to assess spatial patterns of sedimentation and to identify key indicators of sediment provenance. The sediment deposited in wetlands during the 2011 flood was distinguished from earlier deposits based on biological characteristics, primarily absence of plant roots and increased presence of centric (planktonic) diatoms indicative of riverine origin. By comparison, the lithological (bulk density, organic matter content, and grain size) and chemical (stable carbon isotopes of bulk organic matter) properties of flood sediments were nearly identical to the underlying deposit. Flood sediment deposition was greatest in wetlands near the Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers and accounted for a substantial portion (37% to 85%) of the annual accretion measured at nearby monitoring stations. The amount of sediment delivered to those basins (1.1-1.6 g cm(-2)) was comparable to that reported previously for hurricane sedimentation along the Louisiana coast (0.8-2.1 g cm(-2)). Our findings not only provide insight into how large-scale river floods influence wetland sedimentation, they lay the groundwork for identifying previous flood events in the stratigraphic record. C1 [Khan, Nicole S.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Jerolmack, Douglas; Falcini, Federico] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Falcini, Federico] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Enache, Mihaela D.] Drexel Univ, Acad Nat Sci, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Vane, Christopher H.] British Geol Survey, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. RP Khan, NS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 240 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Vane, Christopher/A-8814-2008; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/H-4822-2011; OI Vane, Christopher/0000-0002-8150-3640; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; BGS University Funding Initiative, BUFI/0000-0003-3097-5530; Falcini, Federico/0000-0001-8105-2491 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1140269, EAR-0722476]; NOAA [NA110AR4310101]; University of Pennsylvania FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-1140269 and EAR-0722476), NOAA (grant NA110AR4310101), and the University of Pennsylvania. We thank Ches Vervaeke, Tina Dura, Tanisha Touchet, Melanie Mills, and Adam Constantin for assistance with sediment collection and analysis, and Christopher Bernhardt and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This paper is published by permission of the Executive Director, British Geological Survey (NERC). This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 588 "Preparing for coastal change" and PALSEA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 44 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1130/G33805.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000002 ER PT J AU Carey, RJ Manga, M Degruyter, W Gonnermann, H Swanson, D Houghton, B Orr, T Patrick, M AF Carey, Rebecca J. Manga, Michael Degruyter, Wim Gonnermann, Helge Swanson, Donald Houghton, Bruce Orr, Tim Patrick, Matthew TI Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAVA LAKE; SILICATE MELTS; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; BASALTS; GROWTH; MAGMAS; WATER AB Microtextures of juvenile pyroclasts from Kilauea's (Hawai'i) early A.D. 2008 explosive activity record the velocity and depth of convection within the basaltic magma-filled conduit. We use X-ray microtomography (mu XRT) to document the spatial distribution of bubbles. We find small bubbles (radii from 5 mu m to 70 mu m) in a halo surrounding larger millimeter-size bubbles. This suggests that dissolved water was enriched around the larger bubbles-the opposite of what is expected if bubbles grow as water diffuses into the bubble. Such volatile enrichment implies that the volatiles within the large bubbles were redissolving into the melt as they descended into the conduit by the downward motion of convecting magma within the lava lake. The thickness of the small bubble halo is similar to 100-150 mu m, consistent with water diffusing into the melt on time scales on the order of 10(3) s. Eruptions, triggered by rockfall, rapidly exposed this magma to lower pressures, and the haloes of melt with re-dissolved water became sufficiently supersaturated to cause nucleation of the population of smaller bubbles. The required supersaturation pressures are consistent with a depth of a few hundred meters and convection velocities of the order of 0.1 m s(-1), similar to the circulation velocity observed on the surface of the Halema'uma'u lava lake. C1 [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Carey, Rebecca J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Manga, Michael; Degruyter, Wim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Gonnermann, Helge] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Swanson, Donald; Orr, Tim; Patrick, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. [Houghton, Bruce] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Carey, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. EM rebecca.carey@utas.edu.au RI Degruyter, Wim/D-4503-2014; Carey, Rebecca/A-5381-2013; OI Degruyter, Wim/0000-0001-7139-6872; Carey, Rebecca/0000-0003-2015-6419; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1049662, EAR-0810332, EAR-1145187]; U.S. Geological Survey [SV-ARRA-0004] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-1049662, EAR-0810332, and EAR-1145187, and U.S. Geological Survey grant SV-ARRA-0004. We would like to thank Jocelyn McPhie, Dork Sahagian, Ed Llewelyn, Roger Denlinger, and two anonymous reviewers for editing a previous version of the manuscript. The FTIR and XRT analyses were conducted at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, USA. We wish to thank the 8.3.2 and 1.4.3 ALS Beamline scientists Alastair McDowell, Dula Parkinson, Michael Martin, and Hans Bectel for all their helpful advice and technical assistance. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1130/G33685.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000003 ER PT J AU Silvestro, S Vaz, DA Ewing, RC Rossi, AP Fenton, LK Michaels, TI Flahaut, J Geissler, PE AF Silvestro, Simone Vaz, D. A. Ewing, R. C. Rossi, A. P. Fenton, L. K. Michaels, T. I. Flahaut, J. Geissler, P. E. TI Pervasive aeolian activity along rover Curiosity's traverse in Gale Crater, Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINDS AB The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, has safely landed near a 35-km-long dark dune field in Gale Crater on Mars. This dune field crosses the landing site from the northeast to the southwest and lies along Curiosity's traverse to Aeolis Mons. Here we present the first evidence of recent aeolian activity in the form of ripple and dune migration, and further estimate wind directions within the dune field through analysis of ripple and dune morphologies and the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS). We measured a minimum ripple migration rate of 0.66 m per Earth year, and dune migration rate of 0.4 m per Earth year, in the southwest portion of the field. A strongly bidirectional ripple crestline orientation, nearly orthogonal dune slipfaces, and linear seif or oblique dunes indicate a bidirectional wind regime with winds mainly coming from the ENE and from the northwest; however, MRAMS results indicate primary winds from the ENE. Our constraints on the wind regime provide the unique opportunity to use ground measurements from MSL to test the accuracy of winds predicted from orbital data. C1 [Silvestro, Simone; Fenton, L. K.; Michaels, T. I.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Vaz, D. A.] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Geophys, Astron Observ, P-3040004 Coimbra, Portugal. [Vaz, D. A.] Inst Super Tecn, CERENA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Ewing, R. C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rossi, A. P.] Jacobs Univ, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Flahaut, J.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Geissler, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Silvestro, S (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, 189 North Bernardo Ave,Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM ssilvestro@seti.org RI Vaz, David/M-4702-2013; Rossi, Angelo Pio/B-5931-2013 OI Vaz, David/0000-0002-3583-2267; Rossi, Angelo Pio/0000-0002-0137-1984 FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N]; FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) [PEst-OE/CTE/UI0611/2012-CGUC, FRH/BPD/72371/2010] FX This research was funded by a grant from the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program (NNH09ZDA001N). We thank two anonymous reviewers and Noah Hammond for useful advice and comments. D.A. Vaz acknowledges the support given by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) under the contract PEst-OE/CTE/UI0611/2012-CGUC and grant FRH/BPD/72371/2010, with Portuguese and European funds. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1130/G34162.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000025 ER PT J AU Buurman, H West, ME Roman, DC AF Buurman, Helena West, Michael E. Roman, Diana C. TI Using repeating volcano-tectonic earthquakes to track post-eruptive activity in the conduit system at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCATION; ERUPTION; SEISMICITY; EVOLUTION; SWARM; FAULT AB In the year following the end of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, four significant swarms of low-frequency, low-magnitude (M-L < 0.1) earthquakes occurred at shallow depths beneath the summit. Because swarms of low-frequency (LF) earthquakes preceded eruptions in 1989 and 2009, the posteruption swarms caused considerable concern and prompted the Alaska Volcano Observatory to raise the monitoring levels on three occasions. None of these swarms led to eruptions, however, and most observers (including us) initially concluded that the swarms had been caused by minor stress adjustments in the new lava dome or in the surrounding summit glaciers. New observations reveal that the shallow LF swarms were accompanied by 2 families of repeating earthquakes at depths between 3 km and 6 km below sea level, where the magma storage region is thought to be. These mid-crustal volcano-tectonic (VT) type earthquakes were identical to earthquakes recorded during the 2009 Redoubt eruption more than 6 months earlier. Focal mechanisms demonstrate that these earthquakes have thrust mechanisms inconsistent with the strike-slip nature of regional faulting. Based on these observations, we conclude that they are generated through processes occurring within the magma storage region. The concurrence of the repeating VT earthquakes with the shallow LF swarms indicates that the shallow LF earthquakes were also magmatically driven. Our results emphasize that even brief episodes of low-amplitude earthquake activity, such as the LF swarms observed at Redoubt following the 2009 eruption, can be indicative of magmatic activity. Perhaps more significant, however, is the demonstration that the conduit system at Redoubt remained active, intact, and capable of transporting heat and fluids to the surface months after the eruption was considered over. C1 [Buurman, Helena; West, Michael E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Roman, Diana C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Buurman, H (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1130/G34089.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130JE UT WOS:000317910000032 ER PT J AU Parcheta, CE Houghton, BF Swanson, DA AF Parcheta, C. E. Houghton, B. F. Swanson, D. A. TI Contrasting patterns of vesiculation in low, intermediate, and high Hawaiian fountains: A case study of the 1969 Mauna Ulu eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian fountain; Kilauea; Vesicle number density; Mauna Ulu 1969 ID EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; NON-NEWTONIAN RHEOLOGY; BUBBLE-BEARING MAGMAS; MOUNT-ETNA; BASALTIC MAGMA; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SILICATE MELTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PLINIAN ERUPTION AB Hawaiian-style eruptions, or Hawaiian fountains, typically occur at basaltic volcanoes and are sustained, weakly explosive jets of gas and dominantly coarse, juvenile ejecta (dense spatter to delicate reticulite). Almost the entire range of styles and mass eruption rates within Hawaiian fountaining occurred during twelve fountaining episodes recorded at Mauna Ulu, Kilauea between May and December 1969. Such diversity in intensity and style is controlled during magma ascent by many processes that can be constrained by the size and shape of vesicles in the 1969 pyroclasts. This paper describes pyroclast vesicularity from high, intermediate, and low fountaining episodes with eruption rates from 0.05 to 13 x 10(6) m(3) h(-1). As each eruptive episode progressed, magma ascent slowed in and around the vent system, offering extended time for bubbles to grow and coalesce. Late ejected pyroclasts are thus characterized by populations of fewer and larger vesicles with relaxed shapes. This progression continued in the intervals between episodes after termination of fountain activity. The time scale for this process of shallow growth, coalescence and relaxation of bubbles is typically tens of hours. Rims and cores of pumiceous pyroclasts from moderate to high fountaining episodes record a second post-fragmentation form of vesicle maturation. Partially thermally insulated pyroclasts can have internal bubble populations evolve more dynamically with continued growth and coalescence, on a time scale of only minutes, during transport in the fountains. Reticulite, which formed in a short-lived fountain 540 m in height, underwent late, short-lived bubble nucleation followed by rapid growth of a uniform bubble population in a thermally insulated fountain, and quenched at the onset of permeability before significant coalescence. These contrasting patterns of shallow degassing and outgassing were the dominant controls in determining both the form and duration of fountaining episodes at Mauna Ulu, and probably for many other Hawaiian-style eruptions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parcheta, C. E.; Houghton, B. F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swanson, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Parcheta, CE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM parcheta@hawaii.edu FU NSF [EAR-0810332]; Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Graduate Fellowship FX This project was funded by an NSF grant EAR-0810332, and a Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Graduate Fellowship. Also, we thank Drs. Krot and Nagashima for their help and guidance on the SEM, and JoAnn Sinton for her careful preparation in our reticulite thin sections. We thank Cynthia Gardner for her constructive USGS internal review, two anonymous reviewers from the journal who gave helpful feedback, and Lionel Wilson for handling the manuscript. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 255 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.016 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 126PQ UT WOS:000317633800006 ER PT J AU Bowen, RA O'Shea, TJ Shankar, V Neubaum, MA Neubaum, DJ Rupprecht, CE AF Bowen, Richard A. O'Shea, Thomas J. Shankar, Vidya Neubaum, Melissa A. Neubaum, Daniel J. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI PREVALENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES TO RABIES VIRUS IN SERUM OF SEVEN SPECIES OF INSECTIVOROUS BATS FROM COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bats; Chiroptera; Colorado; New Mexico; rabies; serology; virus-neutralizing antibodies ID BIG BROWN BATS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; NORTH-AMERICA; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; EXPOSURE; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; ANESTHESIA; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB We determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in Colorado and New Mexico, United States in 2003-2005. A subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus RNA in saliva. We sampled little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in Larimer County, Colorado; big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in Morgan County, Colorado; and big brown bats at five maternity roosts in Larimer County. We also sampled hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) captured while drinking or foraging over water in Bernalillo County, New Mexico and at various locations in Larimer County. Big brown bats, little brown bats, long-legged myotis (Myotis volans), long-eared nip:A:is (Myotis evotis), and fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) were also sampled over water in Larimer County. All species except long-eared myotis included individuals with RVNA, with prevalences ranging from 7% in adult female silver-haired bats to 32% in adult female hoary bats. None of the bats had detectable rabies-virus RNA in oropharyngeal swabs, including 51 bats of 5 species that had RVNA in serum. Antibody-positive bats were present in nine of the 10 maternity colonies sampled. These data suggest that wild bats are commonly exposed to rabies virus and develop a humoral immune response suggesting some degree of viral replication, but many infections fail to progress to clinical disease. C1 [Bowen, Richard A.; Shankar, Vidya; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Neubaum, Daniel J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shankar, Vidya; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM richard.bowen@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation EID grant [0094959]; US Geological Survey; Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security); Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health) FX We thank the following for assistance in capturing and sampling bats during 2003-2005: S. Almon, T. Barnes, J. Benson, J. Boland, S. Cooper, T. Dawes, L. Ellison, D. Emptage, M. Hayes, B. Iannone, E. Kennedy, R. Kerscher, J. LaPlante, G. Nance, S. Neils, C. Newby, V. Price, C. Reynolds, L. Taraba, J. Tharp, and M. Vrabely. C. Andrews provided technical support in rabies-virus serology. P. Cryan and E. Valdez showed us productive capture sites in New Mexico and worked with us in the field. Financial support was provided via National Science Foundation EID grant 0094959 to Colorado State University, and by the US Geological Survey. R.A.B. and T.J.O. were supported by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) program of the Science and Technology Directorate (US Department of Homeland Security) and the Fogarty International Center (National Institutes of Health) during preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control; they do represent the views of the US Geological Survey. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.7589/2012-05-124 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900017 PM 23568912 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Meteyer, CU Blehert, DS Lorch, JM Reeder, DM Turner, GG Webb, J Behr, M Verant, M Russe, RE Castle, KT AF Cryan, Paul M. Meteyer, Carol Uphoff Blehert, David S. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Reeder, DeeAnn M. Turner, Gregory G. Webb, Julie Behr, Melissa Verant, Michelle Russe, Robin E. Castle, Kevin T. TI Electrolyte Depletion in White-nose Syndrome Bats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bats; dehydration; electrolytes; Geomyces destructans; white-nose syndrome ID DISEASE AB The emerging wildlife disease white-nose syndrome is causing widespread mortality in hibernating North American bats. White-nose syndrome occurs when the fungus Geomyces destructans infects the living skin of bats during hibernation, but links between infection and mortality are underexplored. We analyzed blood from hibernating bats and compared blood electrolyte levels to wing damage caused by the fungus. Sodium and chloride tended to decrease as wing damage increased in severity. Depletion of these electrolytes suggests that infected bats may become hypotonically dehydrated during winter. Although bats regularly arouse from hibernation to drink during winter, water available in hibernacula may not contain sufficient electrolytes to offset winter losses caused by disease. Damage to bat wings from G. destructans may cause life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. C1 [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Verant, Michelle; Russe, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reeder, DeeAnn M.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Turner, Gregory G.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Webb, Julie] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Behr, Melissa] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Castle, Kevin T.] Natl Pk Serv, Wildlife Hlth Program, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM cryanp@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Reeder, DeeAnn/0000-0001-8651-2012; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU US Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center; Woodtiger Foundation; US Fish & Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Butchkowski, L. Grieneisen, S. Brownlee, H. Fischer, C. Patterson, C. Hauser, D. Berndt, A. Pike, D. Redell, and L. Muller for help coordinating and carrying out sampling. Special thanks to C. K. R. Willis for many helpful discussions during this project. Support was provided to P.M.C. by the US Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center and to D.M.R. by the Woodtiger Foundation and the US Fish & Wildlife Service. Use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 12 U2 100 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 398 EP 402 DI 10.7589/2012-04-121 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900021 PM 23568916 ER PT J AU Wood, CL Lafferty, KD AF Wood, Chelsea L. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Biodiversity and disease: a synthesis of ecological perspectives on Lyme disease transmission SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DNA; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; RISK; EPIDEMIC; HABITAT AB Recent reviews have argued that disease control is among the ecosystem services yielded by biodiversity. Lyme disease (LD) is commonly cited as the best example of the 'diluting' effect of biodiversity on disease transmission, but many studies document the opposite relationship, showing that human ID risk can increase with forestation. Here, we unify these divergent perspectives and find strong evidence for a positive link between biodiversity and ID at broad spatial scales (urban to suburban to rural) and equivocal evidence for a negative link between biodiversity and LD at varying levels of biodiversity within forests. This finding suggests that, across zoonotic disease agents, the biodiversity-disease relationship is scale dependent and complex. C1 [Wood, Chelsea L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Wood, CL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM CLWood@stanford.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Science Foundation; Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship FX C.L.W. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and an Alyce B. and Henry J. Ramey, Jr. Stanford Graduate Fellowship. Uriel Kitron, Dan Salkeld, Andrea Swei, and six anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 19 U2 213 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 128XL UT WOS:000317802900012 PM 23182683 ER PT J AU Barringer, JL Szabo, Z Reilly, PA Riskin, ML AF Barringer, Julia L. Szabo, Zoltan Reilly, Pamela A. Riskin, Melissa L. TI Variable Contributions of Mercury from Groundwater to a First-Order Urban Coastal Plain Stream in New Jersey, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Streamwater; Groundwater; Sediments; Soils; Coastal Plain ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER; TRANSPORT; METHYLMERCURY; EMISSIONS; RIVER; WISCONSIN; FIELD AB Filtered total mercury (FTHg) concentrations in a rapidly urbanizing area ranged from 50 to 250 ng/L in surface waters of the Squankum Branch, a tributary to a major river (Great Egg Harbor River (GEHR)) traversing both urban and forested/wetland areas in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. An unsewered residential area with Hg-contaminated well water (one of many in the region) is adjacent to the stream's left bank. Although the region's groundwater contains total Hg (THg) at background levels of <10 ng/L, water from about 700 domestic wells in urbanized areas completed in the acidic, quartzose unconfined aquifer typically at depths 20 to 30 m below land surface has been found to exceed 2,000 ng/L (the USEPA maximum contaminant level). Within urbanized areas, THg concentrations in shallow groundwater (<20 m below land surface at or near the water table) and the potential for Hg transport were not well known, representing a considerable knowledge gap. Sampling of streamwater in, and groundwater discharge to, the Squankum Branch watershed revealed that concentrations of THg generally were in the range of 1 to 10 ng/L, but narrow plumes ("plumelets") of shallow groundwater discharging to the stream from the opposing banks contained FTHg at a concentration>5,000 ng/L (left bank) and nearly 2,000 ng/L (right bank). The Hg content of bankside soils and sediments was high (up to 12 mg/kg) and mostly acid leachable where groundwater with high Hg concentrations discharged, indicating contributions of Hg by both runoff and shallow groundwater. Elevated concentrations of nutrients and chloride in some groundwater plumelets likely indicated inputs from septic-system effluent and (or) fertilizer applications. The Hg probably derives mainly from mercurial pesticide applications to the former agricultural land being urbanized. The study results show that soil disturbance and introduction of anthropogenic substances can mobilize Hg from soils to shallow groundwater and the Hg contamination travels in narrow plumelets to discharge points such as stream tributaries. In the entire GEHR watershed, THg concentrations in groundwater discharging to streams in urban areas tended to be higher than concentrations in water discharging to streams of forested areas, consistent with the results from this small watershed. Other areas with similar quartzose coastal aquifers, land-use history, and hydrogeology may be similarly vulnerable to Hg contamination of shallow groundwater and associated surface water. C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Szabo, Zoltan; Reilly, Pamela A.; Riskin, Melissa L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov; jankowsk@usgs.gov FU NJDEP FX Funds for this study were provided by NJDEP. We gratefully acknowledge Barbara Hirst, Kimberly Cenno, Marzooq Alebus, Miroslawa Gorska, Anne Witt, Frank Lapinski, Robert Richards, and Gary Lipsius of NJDEP for help in planning the study and for supplying important information about Hg contamination in the study area. Thanks go to USGS colleagues Richard L. Walker and Robert Rosman for installing the piezometers, to Jennifer L. Bonin, Michael J. Deluca, Heather A. Heckathorn, and Daniel D. Skulski for help in sample collection, to Donald E. Rice for analysis of land use and construction of maps, and to Denis K. Sun for illustrations. We are grateful to USGS colleague Douglas A. Burns and to Aria Amirbahman (University of Maine) for their helpful reviews of drafts of this paper. (Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.) NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 2013 VL 224 IS 4 AR 1475 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1475-7 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 126MB UT WOS:000317619700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Green, CT Fogg, GE AF Zhang, Yong Green, Christopher T. Fogg, Graham E. TI The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Non-Fickian diffusion; Alluvial setting; Hydrofacies model; Monte Carlo simulation; Breakthrough curve ID HIGHLY HETEROGENEOUS FORMATIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL INVERSE FLOW; MARKOV-CHAIN MODEL; TIME RANDOM-WALK; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES AB The influence of heterogeneous architecture of alluvial aquifers on non-Fickian transport is explored using the Monte Carlo approach. More than two thousand high-resolution hydrofacies models representing seven groups of alluvial settings are built to test the effects of varying facies proportions, mean length and its anisotropy ratio, juxtapositional tendencies, and sub-facies heterogeneity. Results show that the volumetric fraction (P(Z)) of floodplain layers classified by their thicknesses Z controls the non-Fickian tailing of tracer transport at late times. A simple quantitative relationship S-BTC approximate to S-P(Z)/2 - 1 is built based on a multi-rate mass transfer analysis, where S-BTC is the slope of the power-law portion of tracer breakthrough curve, and S-P(Z) denotes the slope of the power-law portion of the distribution of P(Z) which can be measured, e.g., in core logs. At early times, the mean length of hydrofacies affects the non-Fickian tailing by controlling the channeling of flow in high-permeability non-floodplain materials and the sequestration in surrounding low-permeability floodplain layers. The competition between channeling and sequestration generates complex pre-asymptotic features, including sublinear growth of plume mean displacement, superlinear growth of plume variance, and skewed mass distribution. Those observations of the influence of medium heterogeneity on tracer transport at early and late times may lead to development of nonlocal transport models that can be parameterized using measurable aquifer characteristics. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yong] Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fogg, Graham E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Yong.Zhang@dri.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1025417]; Desert Research Institute (DRI); US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES004699] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant DMS-1025417, the Desert Research Institute (DRI), the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Research Program and the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations do not necessary reflect the view of the NSF or DRI. The project described was also partially supported by award P42ES004699 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. We thank Reed Maxwell, Erica Siirila, Daniel Feinstein, and four anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions that significantly improved the presentation of this work. NR 104 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 78 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 122UT UT WOS:000317344300007 ER PT J AU Matell, N Anderson, RS Overeem, I Wobus, C Urban, FE Clow, GD AF Matell, N. Anderson, R. S. Overeem, I. Wobus, C. Urban, F. E. Clow, G. D. TI Modeling the subsurface thermal impact of Arctic thaw lakes in a warming climate SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Thermal model; Thaw lakes; Permafrost; MATLAB; Numerical model ID NORTHERN ALASKA; COASTAL-PLAIN; ACTIVE LAYER; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; UNFROZEN WATER; RAPID DRAINAGE; ENERGY-BALANCE; CANADA; REGIME; EROSION AB Warming air temperatures in the Arctic are modifying the rates of thermokarst processes along Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain. The Arctic Coastal Plain is dominated by thaw lakes. These kilometer-scale lakes are the most visible surface features in the region, and they provide important habitats for migratory birds. The lakes are formed by thermokarst processes, and are therefore susceptible to change as warming continues. We present a 1D numerical model of permafrost and subsidence processes in order to investigate the subsurface thermal impact of thaw lakes of various depths, and to evaluate how this impact might change in a warming climate. Currently, most thaw lakes in the region are shallow (< similar to 2 m deep), freeze to their base each winter, and are not underlain by permanently unfrozen ground (taliks). Field observations indicate that these shallow lakes have not greatly altered the thermal structure of the subsurface. Our model suggests that under a warming scenario, the number of lakes that do not freeze to their base during the winter, and are therefore underlain by taliks, will increase. Such changes could substantially alter the hydrology of the Arctic Coastal Plain. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Matell, N.; Anderson, R. S.; Overeem, I.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Matell, N.; Anderson, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wobus, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wobus, C.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Urban, F. E.; Clow, G. D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Overeem, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM irina.overeem@colorado.edu FU ONR; NOPP [N00014-07-1-1017]; NSF's Office of Polar Programs FX Funding for this work was provided by ONR and NOPP (Award no. N00014-07-1-1017) to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Additional funding for field support was provided by NSF's Office of Polar Programs. Field support was provided by Mann Kuizenga, Naomi Whitty, and Matt Irinaga at CH2M HILL Polar Services and by the Barrow Arctic Sciences Consortium. We thank Robert Brower for his role as a bear guard and observer. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.08.028 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 120IM UT WOS:000317164000009 ER PT J AU Sharp, JL Sojda, RS Greenwood, M Rosenberry, DO Warren, JM AF Sharp, Julia L. Sojda, Richard S. Greenwood, Mark Rosenberry, Donald O. Warren, Jeffrey M. TI Statistical classification of vegetation and water depths in montane wetlands SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE submergent plant; water depth; montane wetlands; Stuckenia pectinata; Myriophyllum sibiricum; cluster analysis; regression trees ID SAGO PONDWEED; STUCKENIA-PECTINATA; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; PLANT DIVERSITY; HERON LAKE; INDICATORS; PEATLAND; BIOMASS; GROWTH; MARSH AB Relationships between water depths and density of submergent vegetation were studied in montane wetlands using statistical techniques based on clustering and an extension of regression trees. Sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) was associated with lower average water depths than water milfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). We detected a nonlinear relationship when average water depths were used to predict percent cover in S. pectinata, with depths of 3040cm, producing the highest predicted average percent cover of S. pectinata; higher and lower depths resulted in lower percent cover predictions. For M. sibiricum, higher water depths were monotonically associated with higher average percent cover. To foster more S. pectinata and less M. sibiricum, managers might employ water control structures to reduce water depths below 1m, using both temporary drawdowns and average depths of 3040cm. Other species responded less markedly to water depth variation. Should decreased water depths become more common, these results suggest an increase in S. pectinata and a decrease in M. sibiricum. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Sharp, Julia L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sojda, Richard S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Greenwood, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. RP Sharp, JL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jsharp@clemson.edu RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX The authors are grateful for the technical and logistical expertise of several individuals. R. H. Buxton was instrumental in the hard work of installing stilling wells and piezometers, as well as downloading and processing data. Without him, this project could not have happened in harsh, wilderness conditions. His technical expertise and safety record are second to none. Our discussions with K. Pierce and S. Custer were integral in gaining an understanding of the geohydrology of the Centennial Valley. The encouragement of L. Fredrickson to study the role of groundwater in this wetland complex was most welcome. Staff at Red Rock Lakes NWR are recognized for their logistic support and technical help, especially M. Parker., T. Preston and R. Peck who assisted with data organization. D. Paullin's original random sampling scheme in Lower Red Rock Lake is also recognized. We would like to thank J. Weeding, P. Cross, and an anonymous reviewer for their careful review of the manuscript. This project was funded by the US Geological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1002/eco.1252 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 127DR UT WOS:000317676600002 ER PT J AU Liu, ZW Brandt, LA Ogurcak, DE Mazzotti, FJ AF Liu, Zhongwei Brandt, Laura A. Ogurcak, Danielle E. Mazzotti, Frank J. TI Morphometric and hydrologic characteristics of alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida from 1994 to 2007 SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic refugia; basin depth; EDEN; hydroperiod; wetland hydrology ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISHES; VEGETATION; WETLAND; NESTS; MODEL AB Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) holes are a key feature in the Everglades landscape providing aquatic refuge for alligators and other aquatic organisms. The morphology of the hole as well as its location in the landscape may influence its function as an aquatic refugium. Morphologic and hydrologic characteristics and dynamics of 50 alligator holes in Everglades National Park, Florida were examined based on 1-m resolution digital images and field measurements from 1994 to 2007. Major morphometric parameters of alligator holes calculated for the study area included surface area, diameter, major axis orientation, basin depth, and circularity index. We used basin depth along with surface water modelling from the Everglades Depth Estimation Network to describe alligator hole hydroperiod and examine relationships among morphologic features, habitat, and hydrology. Alligator holes in this study were similar morphologically (pond surface area, basin depth, and sediment depth) among locations and habitats, and for the most part over time with the exception of holes in the Rocky glades. Alligator holes with greater surface area were not necessarily deeper holes. Hole hydroperiod was not correlated with surface area, and larger holes did not dry out less frequently than smaller holes. Although marsh hydroperiods varied by location and habitat, alligator hole hydroperiod did not, illustrating that across the landscape alligator holes provide aquatic refugia under a range of hydrologic conditions. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Liu, Zhongwei; Ogurcak, Danielle E.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ FloridaFort Lauderdale Educ & Res Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Liu, Zhongwei] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Ogurcak, Danielle E.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Liu, ZW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM zhongwei.liu@unlv.edu FU US Army Corps of Engineers; University of Florida; US Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science; NSF EPSCoR [EPS0814372] FX We thank Aaron Higer for his interest, enthusiasm, and help initiating this study. This research was funded by US Army Corps of Engineers, University of Florida, and US Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. Everglades National Park and South Florida Water Management District provided logistical support including airboats, helicopters, and vehicles. We thank other members of the field-data collection team at University of Florida: Ryan Lynch, Jemeema Carrigan, Debbie Kramp, Mike Rochford, Wellington Guzman, Joy Vinci, Mark Peyton, Brian Bahder, Clayton McKee, Matt Brian, Chris Bugbee, and Michelle Casler. Some revision efforts of Z. Liu were partially supported by NSF EPSCoR Grant # EPS0814372. We also thank Stephanie Romanach from US Geological Survey for her comments on the manuscript. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), nor the US Department of the Interior. We greatly appreciate the constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1002/eco.1266 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 127DR UT WOS:000317676600011 ER PT J AU Brennan, A Cross, PC Higgs, M Beckmann, JP Klaver, RW Scurlock, BM Creel, S AF Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Higgs, Megan Beckmann, Jon P. Klaver, Robert W. Scurlock, Brandon M. Creel, Scott TI Inferential consequences of modeling rather than measuring snow accumulation in studies of animal ecology SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cervus canadensis; climate variables; elk; prediction uncertainty; SNODAS; snow shadow; snowpack model; winter range ID PREDATION RISK; CLIMATE PROJECTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; WOLF PREDATION; ELK; WINTER; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; SELECTION; ACCURACY AB It is increasingly common for studies of animal ecology to use model-based predictions of environmental variables as explanatory or predictor variables, even though model prediction uncertainty is typically unknown. To demonstrate the potential for misleading inferences when model predictions with error are used in place of direct measurements, we compared snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth as predicted by the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) to field measurements of SWE and snow depth. We examined locations on elk (Cervus canadensis) winter ranges in western Wyoming, because modeled data such as SNODAS output are often used for inferences on elk ecology. Overall, SNODAS predictions tended to overestimate field measurements, prediction uncertainty was high, and the difference between SNODAS predictions and field measurements was greater in snow shadows for both snow variables compared to non-snow shadow areas. We used a simple simulation of snow effects on the probability of an elk being killed by a predator to show that, if SNODAS prediction uncertainty was ignored, we might have mistakenly concluded that SWE was not an important factor in where elk were killed in predatory attacks during the winter. In this simulation, we were interested in the effects of snow at finer scales (<1 km(2)) than the resolution of SNODAS. If bias were to decrease when SNODAS predictions are averaged over coarser scales, SNODAS would be applicable to population-level ecology studies. In our study, however, averaging predictions over moderate to broad spatial scales (9-2200 km(2)) did not reduce the differences between SNODAS predictions and field measurements. This study highlights the need to carefully evaluate two issues when using model output as an explanatory variable in subsequent analysis: (1) the model's resolution relative to the scale of the ecological question of interest and (2) the implications of prediction uncertainty on inferences when using model predictions as explanatory or predictor variables. C1 [Brennan, Angela; Creel, Scott] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Higgs, Megan] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beckmann, Jon P.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, North Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Brennan, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM angie_brennan@hotmail.com RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; United States Geological Survey FX We thank J. Rogerson, J. Henningsen, E. Maichak, and A. Williams at the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their assistance accessing study sites and sampling snow on elk winter range. We also thank A. Barbknecht for her hard work in collecting snow data. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease (grant number DEB-1067129) and the United States Geological Survey. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 643 EP 653 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124TB UT WOS:000317488400010 PM 23734491 ER PT J AU Tracey, JA Zhu, J Boydston, E Lyren, L Fisher, RN Crooks, KR AF Tracey, Jeff A. Zhu, Jun Boydston, Erin Lyren, Lisa Fisher, Robert N. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Mapping behavioral landscapes for animal movement: a finite mixture modeling approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE circular data; conservation biology; hierarchical mixture of experts; landscape connectivity; landscape ecology; Lynx rufus; particle swarm optimization ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESOURCE SELECTION; BOBCATS; URBANIZATION; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ORIENTATION AB Because of its role in many ecological processes, movement of animals in response to landscape features is an important subject in ecology and conservation biology. In this paper, we develop models of animal movement in relation to objects or fields in a landscape. We took a finite mixture modeling approach in which the component densities are conceptually related to different choices for movement in response to a landscape feature, and the mixing proportions are related to the probability of selecting each response as a function of one or more covariates. We combined particle swarm optimization and an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates of the model parameters. We used this approach to analyze data for movement of three bobcats in relation to urban areas in southern California, USA. A behavioral interpretation of the models revealed similarities and differences in bobcat movement response to urbanization. All three bobcats avoided urbanization by moving either parallel to urban boundaries or toward less urban areas as the proportion of urban land cover in the surrounding area increased. However, one bobcat, a male with a dispersal-like large-scale movement pattern, avoided urbanization at lower densities and responded strictly by moving parallel to the urban edge. The other two bobcats, which were both residents and occupied similar geographic areas, avoided urban areas using a combination of movements parallel to the urban edge and movement toward areas of less urbanization. However, the resident female appeared to exhibit greater repulsion at lower levels of urbanization than the resident male, consistent with empirical observations of bobcats in southern California. Using the parameterized finite mixture models, we mapped behavioral states to geographic space, creating a representation of a behavioral landscape. This approach can provide guidance for conservation planning based on analysis of animal movement data using statistical models, thereby linking connectivity evaluations to empirical data. C1 [Tracey, Jeff A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boydston, Erin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Lyren, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tracey, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jatracey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; California Department of Fish and Game; Nature Conservancy; National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program [NSF-EF-0723676] FX We thank Cheryl Brehme, Julie Yee, and James Hines (USGS) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank Carlton Rochester (USGS) for helpful suggestions regarding the conservation applications of the behavioral landscape maps. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose recommendations substantially improved the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the California Department of Fish and Game, The Nature Conservancy, and the National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF-EF-0723676). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 BP 654 EP 669 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 124TB UT WOS:000317488400011 PM 23734492 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Coleman, T Neiman, PJ Zamora, RJ Dettinger, MD AF Ralph, F. M. Coleman, T. Neiman, P. J. Zamora, R. J. Dettinger, M. D. TI Observed Impacts of Duration and Seasonality of Atmospheric-River Landfalls on Soil Moisture and Runoff in Coastal Northern California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTER STORM; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION; CALJET; SATELLITE; WATER; CONNECTION; MOUNTAINS; RAINFALL AB This study is motivated by diverse needs for better forecasts of extreme precipitation and floods. It is enabled by unique hourly observations collected over six years near California's Russian River and by recent advances in the science of atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study fills key gaps limiting the prediction of ARs and, especially, their impacts by quantifying the duration of AR conditions and the role of duration in modulating hydrometeorological impacts. Precursor soil moisture conditions and their relationship to streamflow are also shown. On the basis of 91 well-observed events during 2004-10, the study shows that the passage of ARs over a coastal site lasted 20 h on average and that 12% of the AR events exceeded 30 h. Differences in storm-total water vapor transport directed up the mountain slope contribute 74% of the variance in storm-total rainfall across the events and 61% of the variance in storm-total runoff volume. ARs with double the composite mean duration produced nearly 6 times greater peak streamflow and more than 7 times the storm-total runoff volume. When precursor soil moisture was less than 20%, even heavy rainfall did not lead to significant streamflow. Predicting which AR events are likely to produce extreme impacts on precipitation and runoff requires accurate prediction of AR duration at landfall and observations of precursor soil moisture conditions. C1 [Ralph, F. M.; Coleman, T.; Neiman, P. J.; Zamora, R. J.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, T.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200004 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Moore, BJ Hughes, M Mahoney, KM Cordeira, JM Dettinger, MD AF Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Moore, Benjamin J. Hughes, Mimi Mahoney, Kelly M. Cordeira, Jason M. Dettinger, Michael D. TI The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part I: Observed Synoptic-Scale, Orographic, and Hydrometeorological Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COLD-FRONT; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE; FREQUENCY; MOISTURE AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a dominant mechanism for generating intense wintertime precipitation along the U. S. West Coast. While studies over the past 10 years have explored the impact of ARs in, and west of, California's Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Northwest's Cascade Mountains, their influence on the weather across the intermountain west remains an open question. This study utilizes gridded atmospheric datasets, satellite imagery, rawinsonde soundings, a 449-MHz wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and operational hydrometeorological observing networks to explore the dynamics and inland impacts of a landfalling, flood-producing AR across Arizona in January 2010. Plan-view, cross-section, and back-trajectory analyses quantify the synoptic and mesoscale forcing that led to widespread precipitation across the state. The analyses show that a strong AR formed in the lower midlatitudes over the northeastern Pacific Ocean via frontogenetic processes and sea surface latent-heat fluxes but without tapping into the adjacent tropical water vapor reservoir to the south. The wind profiler, GPS, and rawinsonde observations document strong orographic forcing in a moist neutral environment within the AR that led to extreme, orographically enhanced precipitation. The AR was oriented nearly orthogonal to the Mogollon Rim, a major escarpment crossing much of central Arizona, and was positioned between the high mountain ranges of northern Mexico. High melting levels during the heaviest precipitation contributed to region-wide flooding, while the high-altitude snowpack increased substantially. The characteristics of the AR that impacted Arizona in January 2010, and the resulting heavy orographic precipitation, are comparable to those of landfalling ARs and their impacts along the west coasts of midlatitude continents. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.; Hughes, Mimi; Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cordeira, Jason M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Bureau of Reclamation [R11AC81334]; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado [R11AC81334] FX This project was funded in part by Cooperative Agreement R11AC81334 between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado. Jim Adams assisted in the electronic drafting of figures. Allen White generated the terrain base maps. Darren Jackson provided customized satellite imagery. Chengmin Hsu of NOAA-CIRES created the graphics showing the cumulative fraction of basin area for Arizona's Salt River. We appreciate the comments and suggestions by Michael Alexander and Kevin Werner of NOAA and from three anonymous reviewers. Their efforts improved the scope and quality of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 460 EP 484 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200005 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Bowker, JD Bowman, MP Carty, DG Mitchell, AJ Farmer, BD Ledbetter, CK AF Straus, David L. Bowker, James D. Bowman, Molly P. Carty, Daniel G. Mitchell, Andrew J. Farmer, Bradley D. Ledbetter, Cynthia K. TI Safety of Feed Treated with 17 alpha-Methyltestosterone (17MT) to Larval Nile Tilapia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SEX CONTROL; FISH; TOXICITY; AMMONIA AB As a synthetic androgen, 17-methyltestosterone (17MT) is frequently used to redirect the course of sex differentiation by exposing the undifferentiated gonad to a sufficient dosage. This hormone has been widely accepted as a safe and effective treatment for sex reversal in many fish species, and it is administered to larval tilapia (312 d old) for approximate to 28 consecutive days to produce populations of >90% males. This study assessed the safety of 17MT-treated feed when administered to larval Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at one, three, and five times (i.e., 1x, 3x, and 5x) the proposed dosage of 9mg 17MT/kg fish daily for 28 consecutive days. Despite elevated total ammonia nitrogen levels measured during the last 5 d of the study, environmental conditions were acceptable for rearing tilapia. Fish fed aggressively regardless of the concentration of 17MT in the feed, behavior was considered normal with no dose-related differences detected, and no mortality was observed in the 3x treatment group. Fish that were treated with five times the proposed therapeutic dosage had significant pathological changes. Based on the results of this study, the 17MT margin of safety extends to at least 3x (27mg 17MT/kg fish daily) the proposed dosage of 9mg 17MT/kg fish daily when administered in feed for 28 d to Nile Tilapia. Received October 8, 2012; accepted December 7, 2012 C1 [Straus, David L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Farmer, Bradley D.; Ledbetter, Cynthia K.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Bowker, James D.; Bowman, Molly P.; Carty, Daniel G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1080/15222055.2012.758211 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 122BO UT WOS:000317290200009 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Maurice, S Lasue, J Forni, O Anderson, RB Clegg, S Bender, S Blaney, D Barraclough, BL Cousin, A Deflores, L Delapp, D Dyar, MD Fabre, C Gasnault, O Lanza, N Mazoyer, J Melikechi, N Meslin, PY Newsom, H Ollila, A Perez, R Tokar, RL Vaniman, D AF Wiens, R. C. Maurice, S. Lasue, J. Forni, O. Anderson, R. B. Clegg, S. Bender, S. Blaney, D. Barraclough, B. L. Cousin, A. Deflores, L. Delapp, D. Dyar, M. D. Fabre, C. Gasnault, O. Lanza, N. Mazoyer, J. Melikechi, N. Meslin, P. -Y. Newsom, H. Ollila, A. Perez, R. Tokar, R. L. Vaniman, D. TI Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the Chem Cam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; Mars; Curiosity rover; ChemCam ID PLIOCENE MACUSANI VOLCANICS; SE PERU; PLASMA; SULFUR; EXPLORATION; ATMOSPHERE; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; OUTCROPS AB The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is the first planetary science instrument to employ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the compositions of geological samples on another planet. Pre-processing of the spectra involves subtracting the ambient light background, removing noise, removing the electron continuum, calibrating for the wavelength, correcting for the variable distance to the target, and applying a wavelength-dependent correction for the instrument response. Further processing of the data uses multivariate and univariate comparisons with a LIBS spectral library developed prior to launch as well as comparisons with several on-board standards post-landing. The level-2 data products include semi-quantitative abundances derived from partial least squares regression. A LIBS spectral library was developed using 69 rock standards in the form of pressed powder disks, glasses, and ceramics to minimize heterogeneity on the scale of the observation (350-550 mu m dia.). The standards covered typical compositional ranges of igneous materials and also included sulfates, carbonates, and phyllosilicates. The provenance and elemental and mineralogical compositions of these standards are described. Spectral characteristics of this data set are presented, including the size distribution and integrated irradiances of the plasmas, and a proxy for plasma temperature as a function of distance from the instrument. Two laboratory-based clones of ChemCam reside in Los Alamos and Toulouse for the purpose of adding new spectra to the database as the need arises. Sensitivity to differences in wavelength correlation to spectral channels and spectral resolution has been investigated, indicating that spectral registration needs to be within half a pixel and resolution needs to match within 1.5 to 2.6 pixels. Absolute errors are tabulated for derived compositions of each major element in each standard using PLS regression. Sources of errors are investigated and discussed, and methods for improving the analytical accuracy of compositions derived from ChemCam spectra are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wiens, R. C.; Clegg, S.; Cousin, A.; Delapp, D.; Lanza, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Maurice, S.; Lasue, J.; Forni, O.; Cousin, A.; Gasnault, O.; Meslin, P. -Y.] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Anderson, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bender, S.; Barraclough, B. L.; Tokar, R. L.; Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Blaney, D.; Deflores, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Fabre, C.] Georessources, Nancy, France. [Mazoyer, J.] Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. [Melikechi, N.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE USA. [Newsom, H.; Ollila, A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Perez, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, Toulouse, France. RP Wiens, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Forni, Olivier/0000-0001-6772-9689; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA Mars Program Office for ChemCam; CNES FX The ChemCam team is grateful for support from the NASA Mars Program Office for ChemCam, and from CNES. We also gratefully acknowledge the Los Alamos National Laboratory's laboratory-directed research and development exploratory research (LDRD-ER) program for supporting early MVA studies. Many people supported the ChemCam instrument that was used to carry out these studies, and we are particularly grateful to other ChemCam team members who supported this work B. Banisadr is thanked for his contributions to the total emission studies. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 82 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003 PG 27 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 124DG UT WOS:000317443400001 ER PT J AU Stanish, LF O'Neill, SP Gonzalez, A Legg, TM Knelman, J McKnight, DM Spaulding, S Nemergut, DR AF Stanish, Lee F. O'Neill, Sean P. Gonzalez, Antonio Legg, Teresa M. Knelman, Joseph McKnight, Diane M. Spaulding, Sarah Nemergut, Diana R. TI Bacteria and diatom co-occurrence patterns in microbial mats from polar desert streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; JAMES-ROSS-ISLAND; GLACIAL MELTWATER STREAMS; ALGAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TAYLOR VALLEY; ICE SHELF; ANTARCTIC CYANOBACTERIA; IONIZING-RADIATION; NORTHERN PART AB The ephemeral stream habitats of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica support desiccation and freeze-tolerant microbial mats that are hot spots of primary productivity in an otherwise inhospitable environment. The ecological processes that structure bacterial communities in this harsh environment are not known; however, insights from diatom community ecology may prove to be informative. We examined the relationships between diatoms and bacteria at the community and taxon levels. The diversity and community structure of stream microbial mats were characterized using high-throughput pyrosequencing for bacteria and morphological identification for diatoms. We found significant relationships between diatom communities and the communities of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and co-occurrence analysis identified numerous correlations between the relative abundances of individual diatom and bacterial taxa, which may result from species interactions. Additionally, the strength of correlations between heterotrophic bacteria and diatoms varied along a hydrologic gradient, indicating that flow regime may influence the overall community structure. Phylogenetic consistency in the co-occurrence patterns suggests that the associations are ecologically relevant. Despite these community- and taxon-level relationships, diatom and bacterial alpha diversity were inversely correlated, which may highlight a fundamental difference between the processes that influence bacterial and diatom community assembly in these streams. Our results therefore demonstrate that the relationships between diatoms and bacteria are complex and may result from species interactions as well as niche-specific processes. C1 [O'Neill, Sean P.; Legg, Teresa M.; Knelman, Joseph] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Neill, Sean P.; Legg, Teresa M.; Knelman, Joseph] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gonzalez, Antonio] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah] Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stanish, LF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St,Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lee.stanish@colorado.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU MCMLTER [OPP-0096250]; National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program [0839020] FX Thanks to Kathy Welch and the staff at Crary Laboratory for water quality analyses. Raytheon Polar Services Company and PHI Helicopters provided essential logistic and transportation support during the field campaign. Funding was generously provided by the MCMLTER (OPP-0096250) and National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program Award #0839020. Many thanks to David Vuono for critical comments. NR 104 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1131 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02872.x PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122AM UT WOS:000317287200011 PM 22998505 ER PT J AU Arriero, E Majewska, A Martin, TE AF Arriero, Elena Majewska, Ania Martin, Thomas E. TI Ontogeny of constitutive immunity: maternal vs. endogenous influences SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; development; ecological immunology; maternal effects; natural antibodies ID LIFE-HISTORY; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; TREE SWALLOWS; TRADE-OFFS; EGG SIZE; ANTIBODIES; INNATE AB Variation in ontogeny and strength of immune defence mechanisms can be integrally related to variation in life-history strategies and determined by trade-offs during development. However, little is known about the ontogeny of immune function in wild birds, especially in altricial birds and in a comparative context across altricial species with diverse life-history strategies. In this study, we examined the ontogeny of constitutive immunity in a group of 22 passerine species sampled in tropical Venezuela and north temperate Arizona. Our results show activity of constitutive components of the immune defence at 13days posthatching and an increase in immune activity with age. Interspecific variation in immune activity at hatching was mainly explained by extrinsic factors mediated by the mother (egg size and egg temperature), suggesting an important role of maternal effects on offspring immunity at hatching. In contrast, the increase in agglutination activity with age suggests that immune function in older nestlings reflects intrinsic development. The increase in immune activity was greater in species that hatched with lower initial levels, and was somewhat negatively related to growth rate across species. Our results suggest slower intrinsic development of immune function may be compensated by larger maternal contributions. Slower intrinsic development of immune function, in turn, may reflect a trade-off with faster somatic growth. Our study highlights the importance of both maternal (extrinsic) and endogenous (intrinsic) contributions to variation in immune function across altricial species that may reflect an important axis of developmental strategies. C1 [Arriero, Elena; Majewska, Ania] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Arriero, E (reprint author), Univ Complutense, Sch Biol Sci, Dept Zool & Phys Anthropol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM elena.arriero@bio.ucm.es RI Evolution and Conservation Biology, UCM Group /K-9382-2014; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Arriero, Elena/J-8224-2016 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Arriero, Elena/0000-0003-4230-6537 FU National Science Foundation; United States Geological Survey Global Climate Research Program for Arizona; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education FX This work would not have been possible without the help of numerous field assistants who searched for nests and helped collecting the data reported here, in particular L. Biancucci, R. Ton, A. Cox and W. Goulding. We thank Prof. C. Bosque, INPARQUES and the Yacambu National Park staff for support with field logistics in Venezuela, and the Coconino National Forest staff in Arizona. We are grateful to Douglas Emlen and Creagh Breuner from the University of Montana for logistical support during laboratory analyses. We thank M. G. Palacios for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants for work in Venezuela and Arizona, and the United States Geological Survey Global Climate Research Program for Arizona. EA was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. The work adhered to recommended practices for the use of wild birds in research and was carried out under permission from University of Montana's Animal Care committee (059-10TMMCWRU), US Fish and Wildlife Service (MB791101-1) and Venezuelan authorities (FONACIT: DM/0000237; INPARQUES: INP-005-2004; and Ministerio del Ambiente 01-03-03-1147). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12057 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 122GJ UT WOS:000317306000019 ER PT J AU Haynes, MA Fang, ZD Waller, DM AF Haynes, Michelle A. Fang, Zhendong Waller, Donald M. TI Grazing impacts on the diversity and composition of alpine rangelands in Northwest Yunnan SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine rangelands; biodiversity conservationgrazing; Southwest China ID SOUTHWEST CHINA; PLANT DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; AREAS; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS AB The eastern Himalayan region of Southwest China represents the worlds most biodiverse temperate region as well as a cultural hotspot undergoing rapid cultural and ecological change. This area represents the center of origin for many plant groups including horticulturally valuable species of Pedicularis, Rhododendron and Primula. Alpine meadows here also provide summer pastures for Tibetan yak herders and the source for important medicinal plants. Stocking levels for livestock here have quadrupled over the last five decades and shrubs are encroaching into many historical rangelands. Yak herders voice concerns over both shrub encroachment and shrinking grasslands. In this study, we sought to determine: (i) Are alpine rangelands in Deqin County overgrazed and degraded? (ii) What are the local impacts of grazing on plant diversity and community composition? And (iii) which environmental variables covary with these differences in species composition across the grazing gradient? To examine the ecological impacts of grazing in Deqin County, northwest Yunnan and assess its long-term sustainability, we used county records to determine historical population and livestock numbers, confirmed the results of interviews by Haynes (2011) and surveyed plant species richness and cover along a grazing gradient extending away from herder huts. Along these transects, we sampled 1m(2) quadrats at 5 m intervals, noting species present and percent cover for vascular plants, grasses, sedges, rushes, moss, lichen, exposed rock, bare ground and feces. We also measured the average and maximum plant height within each quadrat. We then computed species richness for each of the 38 transects, calculating alpha and beta diversities. We used one-way ANOVAs to compare mean species richness values and average and maximum plant height across grazing intensities. To chart changes in composition along the 100m gradient, we also plotted the percent cover of graminoid, forb, shrub and bare ground versus distance from the hut. We applied NMS ordination to relate community patterns to environmental variables and grazing intensity using distances to determine species groupings. Livestock impacts are clearly evident with proportions of grass and bare ground decreasing, shrubs increasing and forbs maintaining even cover with increasing distance from the huts. In comparison with earlier surveys of sites farther from huts, we found reduced plant cover and diversity. Plant species richness almost doubles with increasing distance from herder huts from 9.9 to 19.3 species per 1 m(2) quadrat. An ordination of species and environmental variables demonstrates that grazing strongly affects plant community com position across these plots with strong impacts on palatable plants. If herd sizes remain large and suitable areas for grazing continue to decline, the cumulative impacts of grazing appear likely to degrade the rich diversity of the region and reduce rangeland quality, threatening its ability to sustain current grazing levels. C1 [Haynes, Michelle A.; Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haynes, Michelle A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Fang, Zhendong] Shangri La Alpine Bot Garden, Xianggelila Cty, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Haynes, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, 698 Conservat Way, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM michelleahaynes@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation, entitled IGERT: Training Program on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Southwest China at the University of Wisconsin-Madison [DGE-0549369] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DGE-0549369) entitled IGERT: Training Program on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Southwest China at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank graduate students at Kunming Institute of Botany and staff at the Shangri-la Alpine Botanic Garden for assistance during vegetation sampling trips. We also thank Ruth Sherman and Renee Mullen for sharing their data from Sherman et al. 2007, 2008. Recommendations from two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 81 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 J9 J PLANT ECOL JI J. Plant Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1093/jpe/rts021 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117OY UT WOS:000316964200002 ER PT J AU Meador, MR AF Meador, Michael R. TI Nutrient Enrichment and Fish Nutrient Tolerance: Assessing Biologically Relevant Nutrient Criteria SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; fish; rivers/streams; environmental indicators; environmental regulations; urban areas ID UNITED-STATES; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; VALUES; WATER AB Relationships between nutrient concentrations and fish nutrient tolerance were assessed relative to established nutrient criteria. Fish community, nitrate plus nitrite (nitrate), and total phosphorus (TP) data were collected during summer low-flow periods in 2003 and 2004 at stream sites along a nutrient-enrichment gradient in an agricultural basin in Indiana and Ohio and an urban basin in the Atlanta, Georgia, area. Tolerance indicator values for nitrate and TP were assigned for each species and averaged separately for fish communities at each site (TIVo). Models were used to predict fish species expected to occur at a site under minimally disturbed conditions and average tolerance indicator values were determined for nitrate and TP separately for expected communities (TIVe). In both areas, tolerance scores (TIVo/TIVe) for nitrate increased significantly with increased nitrate concentrations whereas no significant relationships were detected between TP tolerance scores and TP concentrations. A 0% increase in the tolerance score (TIVo/TIVe=1) for nitrate corresponded to a nitrate concentration of 0.19mg/l (compared with a USEPA summer nitrate criterion of 0.17mg/l) in the urban area and 0.31mg/l (compared with a USEPA summer nitrate criterion of 0.86mg/l) in the agricultural area. Fish nutrient tolerance values offer the ability to evaluate nutrient enrichment based on a quantitative approach that can provide insights into biologically relevant nutrient criteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mrmeador@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1111/jawr.12015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700001 ER PT J AU Poppenga, SK Gesch, DB Worstell, BB AF Poppenga, Sandra K. Gesch, Dean B. Worstell, Bruce B. TI Hydrography Change Detection: The Usefulness of Surface Channels Derived From LiDAR DEMs for Updating Mapped Hydrography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE LiDAR DEMs; LiDAR surface channels; National Hydrography Dataset; hydrography change detection; surface water; hydrography; remote sensing; geospatial analysis ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; DRAINAGE; NETWORKS; FLOW; EXTRACTION; ACCURACY; DATASET; AREAS AB The 1:24,000-scale high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped hydrography flow lines require regular updating because land surface conditions that affect surface channel drainage change over time. Historically, NHD flow lines were created by digitizing surface water information from aerial photography and paper maps. Using these same methods to update nationwide NHD flow lines is costly and inefficient; furthermore, these methods result in hydrography that lacks the horizontal and vertical accuracy needed for fully integrated datasets useful for mapping and scientific investigations. Effective methods for improving mapped hydrography employ change detection analysis of surface channels derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) and NHD flow lines. In this article, we describe the usefulness of surface channels derived from LiDAR DEMs for hydrography change detection to derive spatially accurate and time-relevant mapped hydrography. The methods employ analyses of horizontal and vertical differences between LiDAR-derived surface channels and NHD flow lines to define candidate locations of hydrography change. These methods alleviate the need to analyze and update the nationwide NHD for time relevant hydrography, and provide an avenue for updating the dataset where change has occurred. C1 [Poppenga, Sandra K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gesch, Dean B.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Worstell, Bruce B.] USGS EROS, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Poppenga, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM spoppenga@usgs.gov OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933; Poppenga, Sandra/0000-0002-2846-6836 NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 371 EP 389 DI 10.1111/jawr.12027 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700009 ER PT J AU Podolak, CJP AF Podolak, Charles J. P. TI Predicting the Planform Configuration of the Braided Toklat River, Alaska, With a Suite of Rule-Based Models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; erosion; fluvial processes; geomorphology; braided river; prediction; avulsion; remote sensing ID CHANNEL MIGRATION; AVULSION; CANADA; FLOW; BEND AB An ensemble of rule-based models was constructed to assess possible future braided river planform configurations for the Toklat River in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This approach combined an analysis of large-scale influences on stability with several reduced-complexity models to produce the predictions at a practical level for managers concerned about the persistence of bank erosion while acknowledging the great uncertainty in any landscape prediction. First, a model of confluence angles reproduced observed angles of a major confluence, but showed limited susceptibility to a major rearrangement of the channel planform downstream. Second, a probabilistic map of channel locations was created with a two-parameter channel avulsion model. The predicted channel belt location was concentrated in the same area as the current channel belt. Finally, a suite of valley-scale channel and braid plain characteristics were extracted from a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived surface. The characteristics demonstrated large-scale stabilizing topographic influences on channel planform. The combination of independent analyses increased confidence in the conclusion that the Toklat River braided planform is a dynamically stable system due to large and persistent valley-scale influences, and that a range of avulsive perturbations are likely to result in a relatively unchanged planform configuration in the short term. C1 [Podolak, Charles J. P.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Podolak, CJP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM charles.podolak@duke.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Park Service FX Nat Wilson, Rob Burrows, Nadine Reitman, Ross Downer, and Andrea Vinyard assisted with the fieldwork. Mark Carr and Shad O'Neel helped with the preparation of the field equipment. Guy Adema and Denny Capps provided guidance and NPS logistical assistance. This manuscript greatly benefited from input by Janet Curran, and reviews by David Gaeuman and two anonymous reviewers. This project was funded through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service, with the latter contributing Category I Federal Lands Highway Program funds. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 390 EP 401 DI 10.1111/jawr.12029 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700010 ER PT J AU Waite, IR AF Waite, Ian R. TI Development and Application of an Agricultural Intensity Index to Invertebrate and Algal Metrics from Streams at Two Scales SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural intensity index; macroinvertebrate and algal indicators; national and regional scales; riparian assessment ID NUTRIENT CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; WADEABLE STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; RIVERS; USA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; EUTROPHICATION AB Research was conducted at 28-30 sites within eight study areas across the United States along a gradient of nutrient enrichment/agricultural land use between 2003 and 2007. Objectives were to test the application of an agricultural intensity index (AG-Index) and compare among various invertebrate and algal metrics to determine indicators of nutrient enrichment nationally and within three regions. The agricultural index was based on total nitrogen and phosphorus input to the watershed, percent watershed agriculture, and percent riparian agriculture. Among data sources, agriculture within riparian zone showed significant differences among values generated from remote sensing or from higher resolution orthophotography; median values dropped significantly when estimated by orthophotography. Percent agriculture in the watershed consistently had lower correlations to invertebrate and algal metrics than the developed AG-Index across all regions. Percent agriculture showed fewer pairwise comparisons that were significant than the same comparisons using the AG-Index. Highest correlations to the AG-Index regionally were 0.75 for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness (EPTR) and 0.70 for algae Observed/Expected (O/E), nationally the highest was 0.43 for EPTR vs. total nitrogen and 0.62 for algae O/E vs. AG-Index. Results suggest that analysis of metrics at national scale can often detect large differences in disturbance, but more detail and specificity is obtained by analyzing data at regional scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov FU USGS FX This study was funded by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program. I thank each of the many biologists and hydrologists with the NAWQA program who collected the data used in this report and who provided insights to the particularities of the data. I thank Ron Zelt and James Falcone (USGS) for their help in developing the National Agricultural Intensity Index, and Dr. Yangdong Pan and Chris Parker (Portland State University) for advice on R programming and statistics. Finally, I thank one USGS reviewer and one outside reviewer for their review of the manuscript prior to submission to the journal and the two journal reviewers for their help in making this a better manuscript. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 431 EP 448 DI 10.1111/jawr.12032 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700013 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Selnick, DL AF Sanford, Ward E. Selnick, David L. TI ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES USING A REGRESSION WITH CLIMATE AND LAND-COVER DATA (vol 49, pg 217, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Correction C1 [Sanford, Ward E.; Selnick, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1111/jawr.12049 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 118DA UT WOS:000317001700017 ER PT J AU Amundsen, PA Lafferty, KD Knudsen, R Primicerio, R Kristoffersen, R Klemetsen, A Kuris, AM AF Amundsen, Per-Arne Lafferty, Kevin D. Knudsen, Rune Primicerio, Raul Kristoffersen, Roar Klemetsen, Anders Kuris, Armand M. TI New parasites and predators follow the introduction of two fish species to a subarctic lake: implications for food-web structure and functioning SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Non-native species; Pelagic community; Species additions; Topology; Trophic interactions ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L; NETWORK STRUCTURE; NORTHERN NORWAY; CHARR; EXTINCTION; COMMUNITY; ZOOPLANKTON; CONSUMPTION; ROBUSTNESS; INDICATORS AB Introduced species can alter the topology of food webs. For instance, an introduction can aid the arrival of free-living consumers using the new species as a resource, while new parasites may also arrive with the introduced species. Food-web responses to species additions can thus be far more complex than anticipated. In a subarctic pelagic food web with free-living and parasitic species, two fish species (arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus) have known histories as deliberate introductions. The effects of these introductions on the food web were explored by comparing the current pelagic web with a heuristic reconstruction of the pre-introduction web. Extinctions caused by these introductions could not be evaluated by this approach. The introduced fish species have become important hubs in the trophic network, interacting with numerous parasites, predators and prey. In particular, five parasite species and four predatory bird species depend on the two introduced species as obligate trophic resources in the pelagic web and could therefore not have been present in the pre-introduction network. The presence of the two introduced fish species and the arrival of their associated parasites and predators increased biodiversity, mean trophic level, linkage density, and nestedness; altering both the network structure and functioning of the pelagic web. Parasites, in particular trophically transmitted species, had a prominent role in the network alterations that followed the introductions. C1 [Amundsen, Per-Arne; Knudsen, Rune; Primicerio, Raul; Kristoffersen, Roar; Klemetsen, Anders] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] UC Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Amundsen, PA (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM per-arne.amundsen@uit.no RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU University of Tromso; Norwegian Research Council FX We thank staff and students of the Freshwater Ecology Group at the University of Tromso for their invaluable support in the Takvatn studies, and in particular L. Dalsbo and J. Evjen for their enduring assistance in the field and laboratory work. N. Foster and M. Torchin provided comments on a draft of the paper. The University of Tromso and the Norwegian Research Council contributed financial support. Any use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2461-2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116TR UT WOS:000316906400021 PM 23053223 ER PT J AU Witwicki, DL Doescher, PS Pyke, DA DeCrappeo, NM Perakis, SS AF Witwicki, Dana L. Doescher, Paul S. Pyke, David A. DeCrappeo, Nicole M. Perakis, Steven S. TI Nitrogen limitation, N-15 tracer retention, and growth response in intact and Bromus tectorum-invaded Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis communities SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cheatgrass; Exotic annual grass; Sagebrush steppe; Nutrient amendments; Carbon addition ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-BASIN DESERT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SOIL CARBON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS; CHEATGRASS; GRASSES AB Annual grass invasion into shrub-dominated ecosystems is associated with changes in nutrient cycling that may alter nitrogen (N) limitation and retention. Carbon (C) applications that reduce plant-available N have been suggested to give native perennial vegetation a competitive advantage over exotic annual grasses, but plant community and N retention responses to C addition remain poorly understood in these ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the degree of N limitation of plant biomass in intact versus B. tectorum-invaded sagebrush communities, (2) determine if plant N limitation patterns are reflected in the strength of tracer N-15 retention over two growing seasons, and (3) assess if the strength of plant N limitation predicts the efficacy of carbon additions intended to reduce soil N availability and plant growth. Labile C additions reduced biomass of exotic annual species; however, growth of native A. tridentata shrubs also declined. Exotic annual and native perennial plant communities had divergent responses to added N, with B. tectorum displaying greater ability to use added N to rapidly increase aboveground biomass, and native perennials increasing their tissue N concentration but showing little growth response. Few differences in N pools between the annual and native communities were detected. In contrast to expectations, however, more N-15 was retained over two growing seasons in the invaded annual grass than in the native shrub community. Our data suggest that N cycling in converted exotic annual grasslands of the northern Intermountain West, USA, may retain N more strongly than previously thought. C1 [Witwicki, Dana L.] Oregon State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.; DeCrappeo, Nicole M.; Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Witwicki, DL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM dana_witwicki@nps.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (CREES) [2001-52103-11322]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project FX We thank E. DeLorenze, C. Catricala, J. Samples, J. Brunson, S. Egbert, and M. Delepine for field and laboratory assistance. S. Reed and J. Stark provided helpful suggestions for this manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (CREES Agreement 2001-52103-11322) and the U.S. Geological Survey's Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1023 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2442-5 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116TR UT WOS:000316906400023 PM 23001622 ER PT J AU Carlson, JC Tupper, SK Werner, SJ Pettit, SE Santer, MM Linz, GM AF Carlson, James C. Tupper, Shelagh K. Werner, Scott J. Pettit, Susan E. Santer, Michele M. Linz, George M. TI Laboratory efficacy of an anthraquinone-based repellent for reducing bird damage to ripening corn SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; Aversion; Chemical repellent ID NEWLY PLANTED RICE; BLACKBIRD DAMAGE; SUNFLOWER AB Wildlife repellents provide a non-lethal alternative for managing agricultural impacts associated with wildlife depredation. To evaluate a potential bird repellent for ripening corn, we conducted a feeding experiment at the United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center with 66 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Using a two-choice experimental design we tested the efficacy of Avipel repellent (a.i. 50% 9,10-anthraquinone) on ripening sweet corn. Red-winged blackbirds consumed an average of 8.6%+/- 0.9% of kernels from untreated ears and 5.3% +/- 1.1% from ears treated with anthraquinone. The interaction between anthraquinone concentration and corn treatment suggests a positive concentration-response for red-winged blackbirds. Odds ratio analysis suggests red-winged blackbirds were 1.4 times more likely to damage untreated sweet corn compared to treated sweet corn. These results suggest efficacy of anthraquinone-based products as red-wing blackbird repellents for ripening corn. Moreover, exposure to anthraquinone-based repellents may reduce consumption of a food matrix that receives little to no direct anthraquinone exposure. Supplemental research is recommended to evaluate anthraquinone-based repellents under field conditions, including the establishment of a chemical tolerance for food and feed use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carlson, James C.; Tupper, Shelagh K.; Werner, Scott J.; Pettit, Susan E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Santer, Michele M.] Ark Life Sci, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,North Dakota Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Carlson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM james.c.carlson@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 145 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.01.011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 117AI UT WOS:000316924100003 ER PT J AU Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Cruikshank, DP Cuzzi, JN Lunine, JI Brown, RH Cerroni, P Tosi, F Ciarniello, M Buratti, BJ Hedman, MM Flamini, E AF Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. Clark, R. N. Nicholson, P. D. Cruikshank, D. P. Cuzzi, J. N. Lunine, J. I. Brown, R. H. Cerroni, P. Tosi, F. Ciarniello, M. Buratti, B. J. Hedman, M. M. Flamini, E. TI THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ICE AND CHROMOPHORES ACROSS SATURN'S SYSTEM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: composition; planets and satellites: rings ID CASSINI-VIMS; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DARK MATERIAL; RINGS; SATELLITES; SPECTRA; IAPETUS; ENCELADUS; PHOEBE; DISK AB Over the past eight years, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini orbiter has returned hyperspectral images in the 0.35-5.1 mu m range of the icy satellites and rings of Saturn. These very different objects show significant variations in surface composition, roughness, and regolith grain size as a result of their evolutionary histories, endogenic processes, and interactions with exogenic particles. The distributions of surface water ice and chromophores, i.e., organic and non-icy materials, across the Saturnian system, are traced using specific spectral indicators (spectral slopes and absorption band depths) obtained from rings mosaics and disk-integrated satellites observations by VIMS. Moving from the inner C ring to Iapetus, we found a marking uniformity in the distribution of abundance of water ice. On the other hand, the distribution of chromophores is much more concentrated in the rings particles and on the outermost satellites (Rhea, Hyperion, and Iapetus). A reduction of red material is observed on the satellites' surfaces orbiting within the E ring environment likely due to fine particles from Enceladus' plumes. Once the exogenous dark material covering the Iapetus' leading hemisphere is removed, the texture of the water ice-rich surfaces, inferred through the 2 mu m band depth, appears remarkably uniform across the entire system. C1 [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Tosi, F.; Ciarniello, M.] Area Ric Tor Vergata, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80228 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.; Lunine, J. I.; Hedman, M. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.; Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Flamini, E.] Italian Space Agcy, ASI, I-00198 Rome, Italy. RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), Area Ric Tor Vergata, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it OI Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207; Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434 FU Italian Space Agency [I/015/09/0]; NASA through the Cassini project FX This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System and was completed thanks to the financial support of the Italian Space Agency (grant I/015/09/0) and NASA through the Cassini project. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 766 IS 2 AR 76 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/76 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108UE UT WOS:000316320900010 ER PT J AU Hecker, S Abrahamson, NA Wooddell, KE AF Hecker, S. Abrahamson, N. A. Wooddell, K. E. TI Variability of Displacement at a Point: Implications for Earthquake-Size Distribution and Rupture Hazard on Faults SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; PALEOSEISMIC EVIDENCE; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; SEISMIC-HAZARD; CARRIZO PLAIN; UNCHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKES; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE RUPTURES; EMERSON FAULT; CALIFORNIA AB To investigate the nature of earthquake-magnitude distributions on faults, we compare the interevent variability of surface displacement at a point on a fault from a composite global data set of paleoseismic observations with the variability expected from two prevailing magnitude-frequency distributions: the truncated-exponential model and the characteristic-earthquake model. We use forward modeling to predict the coefficient of variation (CV) for the alternative earthquake distributions, incorporating factors that would effect observations of displacement at a site. The characteristic-earthquake model (with a characteristic-magnitude range of +/- 0.25) produces CV values consistent with the data (CV similar to 0.5) only if the variability for a given earthquake magnitude is small. This condition implies that rupture patterns on a fault are stable, in keeping with the concept behind the model. This constraint also bears upon faultrupture hazard analysis, which, for lack of point-specific information, has used global scaling relations to infer variability in average displacement for a given-size earthquake. Exponential distributions of earthquakes (from M 5 to the maximum magnitude) give rise to CV values that are significantly larger than the empirical constraint. A version of the model truncated at M 7, however, yields values consistent with a larger CV (similar to 0.6) determined for small-displacement sites. Although this result allows for a difference in the magnitude distribution of smaller surface-rupturing earthquakes, it may reflect, in part, less stability in the displacement profile of smaller ruptures and/or the tails of larger ruptures. C1 [Hecker, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Abrahamson, N. A.; Wooddell, K. E.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Hecker, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 651 EP 674 DI 10.1785/0120120159 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800004 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Hartzell, S AF Mendoza, C. Hartzell, S. TI Finite-Fault Source Inversion Using Teleseismic P Waves: Simple Parameterization and Rapid Analysis SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JOINT INVERSION; RUPTURE HISTORY; SEPTEMBER 2010; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; CONSTRAINTS; MOTION; MEXICO; INSAR; SLIP AB We examine the ability of teleseismic P waves to provide a timely image of the rupture history for large earthquakes using a simple, 2D finite-fault source parameterization. We analyze the broadband displacement waveforms recorded for the 2010 M-w similar to 7 Darfield (New Zealand) and El Mayor-Cucapah (Baja California) earthquakes using a single planar fault with a fixed rake. Both of these earthquakes were observed to have complicated fault geometries following detailed source studies conducted by other investigators using various data types. Our kinematic, finite-fault analysis of the events yields rupture models that similarly identify the principal areas of large coseismic slip along the fault. The results also indicate that the amount of stabilization required to spatially smooth the slip across the fault and minimize the seismic moment is related to the amplitudes of the observed P waveforms and can be estimated from the absolute values of the elements of the coefficient matrix. This empirical relationship persists for earthquakes of different magnitudes and is consistent with the stabilization constraint obtained from the L-curve in Tikhonov regularization. We use the relation to estimate the smoothing parameters for the 2011 M-w 7.1 East Turkey, 2012 M-w 8.6 Northern Sumatra, and 2011 M-w 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquakes and invert the teleseismic P waves in a single step to recover timely, preliminary slip models that identify the principal source features observed in finite-fault solutions obtained by the U. S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) from the analysis of body-and surface-wave data. These results indicate that smoothing constraints can be estimated a priori to derive a preliminary, first-order image of the coseismic slip using teleseismic records. C1 [Mendoza, C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. [Hartzell, S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mendoza, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA) at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico FX This work was part of a sabbatical project sponsored by the Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA) at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Computer resources provided by CONACYT Project 60363 were also used in the study. Review comments provided by G. Hayes and two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 834 EP 844 DI 10.1785/0120120069 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800015 ER PT J AU Koehler, RD Mann, P Prentice, CS Brown, L Benford, B Wiggins-Grandison, M AF Koehler, R. D. Mann, P. Prentice, C. S. Brown, L. Benford, B. Wiggins-Grandison, M. TI Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault Zone in Jamaica: Paleoseismology and Seismic Hazard SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; CAYMAN TROUGH; CARIBBEAN SEA; RATES; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE; GPS AB The countries of Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic all straddle the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ), a major left-lateral, strike-slip fault system bounding the Caribbean and North American plates. Past large earthquakes that destroyed the capital cities of Kingston, Jamaica (1692, 1907), and Portau-Prince, Haiti (1751, 1770), as well as the 2010 Haiti earthquake that killed more than 50,000 people, have heightened awareness of seismic hazards in the northern Caribbean. We present here new geomorphic and paleoseismic information bearing on the location and relative activity of the EPGFZ, which marks the plate boundary in Jamaica. Documentation of a river bank exposure and several trenches indicate that this fault is active and has the potential to cause major destructive earthquakes in Jamaica. The results suggest that the fault has not ruptured the surface in at least 500 yr and possibly as long as 28 ka. The long period of quiescence and subdued geomorphic expression of the EPGFZ indicates that it may only accommodate part of the similar to 7-9 mm/yr plate deformation rate measured geodetically and that slip may be partitioned on other undocumented faults. Large uncertainties related to the neotectonic framework of Jamaica remain and more detailed fault characterization studies are necessary to accurately assess seismic hazards. C1 [Koehler, R. D.] State Alaska, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Mann, P.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Prentice, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, L.] Univ West Indies Mona, Earthquake Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Benford, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wiggins-Grandison, M.] Vienna Int Ctr, Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Koehler, RD (reprint author), State Alaska, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, 3354 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM rich.koehler@alaska.gov; pmann277@gmail.com; cprentice@usgs.gov; brownlyndon@gmail.com; brynbenford@gmail.com; margaret.wiggins.grandison@ctbto.org FU NSF [NSF-EAR-0609579] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant NSF-EAR-0609579 to Paul Mann. Insightful comments by Sean Bemis, Tony Crone, Shannon Mahan, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. We appreciate assistance in the field from C. DeMets (University of Wisconsin, Madison). J. Storms and W. King (University of Texas, Austin) provided imagery, field, and GIS support. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 971 EP 983 DI 10.1785/0120120215 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800025 ER PT J AU Amos, CB Lutz, AT Jayko, AS Mahan, SA Fisher, GB Unruh, JR AF Amos, Colin B. Lutz, Andrew T. Jayko, Angela S. Mahan, Shannon A. Fisher, G. Burch Unruh, Jeffrey R. TI Refining the Southern Extent of the 1872 Owens Valley Earthquake Rupture through Paleoseismic Investigations in the Haiwee Area, Southeastern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; SLIP RATES; RANGE PROVINCE; SIERRA-NEVADA; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; KERN CANYON; LONE-PINE; FAULT; BASIN AB Recent upward revision of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake from M-w 7.4-7.5 to 7.7-7.9 implies either additional unrecognized rupture length or anomalously strong ground motions associated with this event. We investigate the first possibility through paleoseismic trenching south of the mapped surface rupture in the Haiwee area, where historical accounts suggest significant surface deformation following the earthquake. Trenching focused on a prominent north-striking scarp, herein termed the Sage Flat fault, expressed in Pleistocene alluvial fans east of Haiwee Reservoir. Surficial mapping and ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) surveying suggest that this fault accommodates east-down normal motion, and possibly a comparable amount of dextral slip. Trenching and luminescence dating brackets the timing of the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake between similar to 25.7 and 30.1 ka, and provides evidence for an earlier event predating this time. In combination with scarp profiling, these dates also suggest a maximum rate of normal, dip-slip fault motion up to similar to 0.1 mm/yr over this period. Although we discovered no evidence for recent surface rupture on the Sage Flat fault, a series of subvertical fractures and fissures cut across young trench stratigraphy, consistent with secondary deformation associated with seismic shaking. As such, we suggest that possible ground disturbance in the Haiwee area during the 1872 event primarily reflected ground shaking or liquefaction-related deformation rather than triggered slip. In addition, we infer a structural and kinematic connection between the Owens Valley fault and oblique-dextral faults north of Lower Cactus Flat in the northwestern Coso Range, rather than a west-step into northern or western Rose Valley. Consideration of these structures in the total extent of the Owens Valley fault suggests a length of 140 km, of which at least 113 km ruptured during the 1872 event. C1 [Amos, Colin B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Lutz, Andrew T.; Unruh, Jeffrey R.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Jayko, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, White Mt Res Ctr, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fisher, G. Burch] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Amos, CB (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, 516 High St MS 9080, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM colin.amos@wwu.edu; lutz@lettisci.com; ajayko@usgs.gov; smahan@usgs.gov; burch@eri.ucsb.edu; unruh@lettisci.com RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008; OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059 FU U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G09AP00133] FX We thank Seth Dee for processing and analyzing the luminescence samples. We also thank Paul Hancock and Anita McProud of Lone Pine, California, for logistical support during our trenching. Bodo Bookhagen provided use of terrestrial laser scanning survey equipment. Constructive reviews by Steven Bacon, Tim Dawson, and Craig dePolo improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP), award G09AP00133. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 1022 EP 1037 DI 10.1785/0120120024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800028 ER PT J AU Lin, T Harmsen, SC Baker, JW Luco, N AF Lin, Ting Harmsen, Stephen C. Baker, Jack W. Luco, Nicolas TI Conditional Spectrum Computation Incorporating Multiple Causal Earthquakes and Ground-Motion Prediction Models SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; ACCELERATION VALUES; RESPONSE SPECTRA; LOGIC TREES; SELECTION; EPSILON; PERIODS; PGV AB The conditional spectrum (CS) is a target spectrum (with conditional mean and conditional standard deviation) that links seismic hazard information with ground-motion selection for nonlinear dynamic analysis. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) estimates the ground-motion hazard by incorporating the aleatory uncertainties in all earthquake scenarios and resulting ground motions, as well as the epistemic uncertainties in ground-motion prediction models (GMPMs) and seismic source models. Typical CS calculations to date are produced for a single earthquake scenario using a single GMPM, but more precise use requires consideration of at least multiple causal earthquakes and multiple GMPMs that are often considered in a PSHA computation. This paper presents the mathematics underlying these more precise CS calculations. Despite requiring more effort to compute than approximate calculations using a single causal earthquake and GMPM, the proposed approach produces an exact output that has a theoretical basis. To demonstrate the results of this approach and compare the exact and approximate calculations, several example calculations are performed for real sites in the western United States. The results also provide some insights regarding the circumstances under which approximate results are likely to closely match more exact results. To facilitate these more precise calculations for real applications, the exact CS calculations can now be performed for real sites in the United States using new deaggregation features in the U. S. Geological Survey hazard mapping tools. Details regarding this implementation are discussed in this paper. C1 [Lin, Ting; Baker, Jack W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Harmsen, Stephen C.; Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lin, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tinglin@stanford.edu; harmsen@usgs.gov; bakerjw@stanford.edu; nluco@usgs.gov OI Baker, Jack/0000-0003-2744-9599 FU USGS [07HQAG0129, 08HQAG0115] FX The authors thank Brendon Bradley, Gabriel Toro, Ned Field, Eduardo Miranda, and Ivan Wong for their helpful reviews of the paper. Also, thanks to Eric Martinez for his assistance on the USGS implementation. This work was supported by the USGS external grants program, under Awards 07HQAG0129 and 08HQAG0115. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations presented in this material are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2A BP 1103 EP 1116 DI 10.1785/0120110293 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 109YJ UT WOS:000316406800033 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Baker, BW AF Augustine, David J. Baker, Bruce W. TI Associations of Grassland Bird Communities with Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs in the North American Great Plains SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE keystone species; multiple ecosystem services; northern mixed prairie; prairie dog conservation; rangeland biodiversity; semiarid grasslands; spatial heterogeneity ID WINTERING FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; RODENT COMMUNITIES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; MOUNTAIN PLOVERS; BURROWING OWLS; COLONIES; HETEROGENEITY; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Colonial burrowing herbivores can modify vegetation structure, create belowground refugia, and generate landscape heterogeneity, thereby affecting the distribution and abundance of associated species. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are such a species, and they may strongly affect the abundance and composition of grassland bird communities. We examined how prairie dog colonies in the North American Great Plains affect bird species and community composition. Areas occupied by prairie dogs, characterized by low percent cover of grass, high percent cover of bare soil, and low vegetation height and density, supported a breeding bird community that differed substantially from surrounding areas that lacked prairie dogs. Bird communities on colony sites had significantly greater densities of large-bodied carnivores (Burrowing Owls [Athene cunicularia], Mountain Plovers, [Charadrius montanus], and Killdeer [Charadrius vociferus]) and omnivores consisting of Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) and McCown's Longspurs (Rhynchophanes mccownii) than bird communities off colony sites. Bird communities off colony sites were dominated by small-bodied insectivorous sparrows (Ammodramus spp.) and omnivorous Lark Buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys), Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus), and Lark Sparrows (Chondestes grammacus). Densities of 3 species of conservation concern and 1 game species were significantly higher on colony sites than off colony sites, and the strength of prairie dog effects was consistent across the northern Great Plains. Vegetation modification by prairie dogs sustains a diverse suite of bird species in these grasslands. Collectively, our findings and those from previous studies show that areas in the North American Great Plains with prairie dog colonies support higher densities of at least 9 vertebrate species than sites without colonies. Prairie dogs affect habitat for these species through multiple pathways, including creation of belowground refugia, supply of prey for specialized predators, modification of vegetation structure within colonies, and increased landscape heterogeneity. C1 [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Baker, Bruce W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM david.augustine@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1111/cobi.12013 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UN UT WOS:000316694600011 PM 23330695 ER PT J AU Oyler-McCance, SJ Fedy, BC Landguth, EL AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J. Fedy, Bradley C. Landguth, Erin L. TI Sample design effects in landscape genetics SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Partial Mantel test; CDPOP; Causal modeling; Simulation modeling; Isolation-by-distance; Isolation-by-landscape resistance; Isolation-by-barrier; Cluster sampling; Linear sampling; Systematic sampling; Random sampling ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEASCAPE GENETICS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; FLOW; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; MODELS; COLONIZATION; INFERENCE AB An important research gap in landscape genetics is the impact of different field sampling designs on the ability to detect the effects of landscape pattern on gene flow. We evaluated how five different sampling regimes (random, linear, systematic, cluster, and single study site) affected the probability of correctly identifying the generating landscape process of population structure. Sampling regimes were chosen to represent a suite of designs common in field studies. We used genetic data generated from a spatially-explicit, individual-based program and simulated gene flow in a continuous population across a landscape with gradual spatial changes in resistance to movement. Additionally, we evaluated the sampling regimes using realistic and obtainable number of loci (10 and 20), number of alleles per locus (5 and 10), number of individuals sampled (10-300), and generational time after the landscape was introduced (20 and 400). For a simulated continuously distributed species, we found that random, linear, and systematic sampling regimes performed well with high sample sizes (> 200), levels of polymorphism (10 alleles per locus), and number of molecular markers (20). The cluster and single study site sampling regimes were not able to correctly identify the generating process under any conditions and thus, are not advisable strategies for scenarios similar to our simulations. Our research emphasizes the importance of sampling data at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales and suggests careful consideration for sampling near landscape components that are likely to most influence the genetic structure of the species. In addition, simulating sampling designs a priori could help guide filed data collection efforts. C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fedy, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fedy, Bradley C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Landguth, Erin L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM soyler@usgs.gov OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043 NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 114 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0415-1 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 119DD UT WOS:000317076500004 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Bianchi, CA Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Miller, M. P. Bianchi, C. A. Mullins, T. D. Haig, S. M. TI Associations between forest fragmentation patterns and genetic structure in Pfrimer's Parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), an endangered endemic to central Brazil's dry forests SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Cerrado biome; Dry forests; Habitat fragmentation; Connection redundancy; Pyrrhura pfrimeri ID MEASURING LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLOW; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; CONSEQUENCES AB When habitat becomes fragmented, populations of species may become increasingly isolated. In the absence of habitat corridors, genetic structure may develop and populations risk reductions in genetic diversity from increased genetic drift and inbreeding. Deforestation of the Cerrado biome of Brazil, particularly of the dry forests within the Paran River Basin, has incrementally occurred since the 1970s and increased forest fragmentation within the region. We performed landscape genetic analyses of Pfrimer's parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), a globally endangered endemic to the region, to determine if forest fragmentation patterns were associated with genetic structuring in this species. We used previously generated satellite imagery that identified the locations of Paran River Basin forest fragments in 1977, 1993/94, and 2008. Behavioral data quantifying the affinity of Pfrimer's parakeet for forest habitat was used to parameterize empirically derived landscape conductance surfaces. Though genetic structure was observed among Pfrimer's parakeet populations, no association between genetic and geographic distance was detected. Likewise, least cost path lengths, circuit theory-based resistance distances, and a new measure of least cost path length complexity could not be conclusively associated with genetic structure patterns. Instead, a new quantity that encapsulated connection redundancy from the 1977 forest fragmentation data provided the clearest associations with pairwise genetic differentiation patterns (Jost's D: r = 0.72, P = 0.006; F-ST: r = 0.741, P = 0.001). Our analyses suggest a 35-year or more lag between deforestation and its effect on genetic structure. Because 66 % of the Paran River Basin has been deforested since 1977, we expect that genetic structure will increase substantially among Pfrimer's Parakeet populations in the future, especially if fragmentation continues at its current pace. C1 [Miller, M. P.; Mullins, T. D.; Haig, S. M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bianchi, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza; Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (Scott Neotropical Fund); Parrots International; Canadian Parrot Symposium; Pesquisa e Conservacao do Cerrado (PEQUI); Pacific Islands Conservation Research Association; CAPES/Fulbright doctoral scholarship [15053166/201604-4] FX Fieldwork financial support was provided by USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (Scott Neotropical Fund), Parrots International, Canadian Parrot Symposium, Pesquisa e Conservacao do Cerrado (PEQUI), and Pacific Islands Conservation Research Association. We thank A. Portella and F. Bianchi for field assistance. We further thank T. Jennings, B. Knaus, and R. Cronn for their laboratory and bioinformatic assistance with the identification of microsatellite loci used in this investigation. A. Vandergast, C. Epps, B. McRae, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on analysis results and prior manuscript drafts. CAB was supported by a CAPES/Fulbright doctoral scholarship (15053166/201604-4). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0420-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 119DD UT WOS:000317076500009 ER PT J AU King, KA Grue, CE Grassley, JM Fisk, RJ AF King, Kerensa A. Grue, Christian E. Grassley, James M. Fisk, Robert J. TI Pesticides in urban streams and early life stages of pacific coho salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Pesticide mixture; Urban stream; Pacific Northwest; Reproduction ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SALAR L.; CONSERVATION; MIXTURES; CARBARYL; MOTILITY; RUNOFF; FISH AB Pesticides are frequently detected in urban streams and are believed to be primarily the result of homeowner use. Although concentrations in most cases are low (<1 mu g/L), there is concern that pesticide inputs threaten efforts to restore and enhance salmon habitat. The authors exposed early life stages of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to a pesticide mixture (cocktail) representative of those pesticides most frequently reported in urban streams in western Washington State, USA. Life stages were continuously exposed to pulses of the cocktail simulating those in urban streams in fall and winter when coho salmon eggs and sac fry are present. Nominal concentrations of eight herbicides, two insecticides, a fungicide, and a breakdown product were the maximum detected. Fertilization, hatching success, survival, deformities, and growth of fry were not significantly affected. A reduction in fertilization success (1925%) was not reproducible even when gametes were exposed to 100 times the maximum concentrations detected. Based on the end points examined in the present study, the results suggest that direct exposure to the pesticides most frequently detected in urban streams in western Washington does not impair early life stages of coho salmon and is not a major factor governing the recovery of salmon populations. The extent to which pesticide exposure would affect smoltification, outmigration, and ocean survival needs to be determined. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:920931. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [King, Kerensa A.; Grassley, James M.; Fisk, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grue, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP King, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kerensa_king@fws.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration; Washington Friends of Farms and Forests; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; Washington Department of Ecology, Fish, and Wildlife; Washington Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, and the Washington Friends of Farms and Forests. The unit is financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington; Washington State University; the Washington Department of Ecology, Fish, and Wildlife; and the Washington Department of Natural Resources. Special thanks to J. Wittouck, N. Hurtado, and D. Rose (University of Washington Hatchery) for technical assistance and to V. Blackhurst, S. Damm, W. Madden, G. Marston, M. Horne- Brine, M. Sternberg, and M. Tamayo for assistance with fish capture, spawning, or data collection. C. O'Toole (Edge Analytical Laboratories) and S. Thun (Pacific Agricultural Laboratory) provided guidance on water sample collection for chemical analyses and interpretation of results from analytical chemistry. L. Conquest, G. Young, and two anonymous reviewers kindly provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.1002/etc.2117 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 112VG UT WOS:000316621700026 PM 23297254 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Ryder, RT Trippi, MH Alimi, H AF Hackley, Paul C. Ryder, Robert T. Trippi, Michael H. Alimi, Hossein TI Thermal maturity of northern Appalachian Basin Devonian shales: Insights from sterane and terpane biomarkers SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Devonian shale; Biomarkers; Thermal maturity; Kerogen; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ID SOURCE-ROCK; NATURAL GASES; GEOCHEMISTRY; MATURATION; PYROLYSIS; TOARCIAN; CHINA AB To better estimate thermal maturity of Devonian shales in the northern Appalachian Basin, eleven samples of Marcellus and Huron Shale were characterized via multiple analytical techniques. Vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, gas chromatography (GC) of whole rock extracts, and GC-mass spectrometry (GCMS) of extract saturate fractions were evaluated on three transects that lie across previously documented regional thermal maturity isolines. Results from vitrinite reflectance suggest that most samples are immature with respect to hydrocarbon generation. However, bulk geochemical data and sterane and terpane biomarker ratios from GCMS suggest that almost all samples are in the oil window. This observation is consistent with the presence of thermogenic gas in the study area and higher vitrinite reflectance values recorded from overlying Pennsylvanian coals. These results suggest that vitrinite reflectance is a poor predictor of thermal maturity in early mature areas of Devonian shale, perhaps because reported measurements often include determinations of solid bitumen reflectance. Vitrinite reflectance interpretations in areas of early mature Devonian shale should be supplanted by evaluation of thermal maturity information from biomarker ratios and bulk geochemical data. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Ryder, Robert T.; Trippi, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Alimi, Hossein] Weatherford Labs, Geochem Serv Grp, Shenandoah, TX 77384 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD APR PY 2013 VL 106 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.032 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 107BR UT WOS:000316190200055 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Patino, R AF Sharma, Prakash Patino, Reynaldo TI Regulation of gonadal sex ratios and pubertal development by the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perchlorate; Methimazole; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Sex ratio; Puberty ID CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; OOCYTE APOPTOSIS; HORMONE; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPHIBIANS; THYROXINE; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; TELEOSTS AB We examined associations between thyroid condition, gonadal sex and pubertal development in zebrafish. Seventy-two-hour postfertilization larvae were reared in untreated medium or in the presence of goitrogens (sodium perchlorate, 0.82 mM; methimazole, 0.15 and 0.3 mM) or thyroxine (1 and 10 nM) for 30 days. Thyrocyte height, gonadal sex and gonadal development were histologically determined at 45 and 60 days postfertilization (dpf). Thyrocyte hypertrophy, an index of hypothyroidism, was observed at 45 and 60 dpf in perchlorate-treated but only at 45 dpf in methimazole-treated fish. Similarly, gonadal sex ratios were biased toward ovaries relative to control animals at 45 and 60 dpf in perchlorate-treated fish but only at 45 dpf in methimazole-treated fish. Gonadal sex ratios were biased toward testes at 45 and 60 dpf in thyroxine-treated fish. Spermatogenesis was delayed in testes from goitrogen-treated fish at 60 dpf relative to control values, but was unaffected in testes from thyroxine-treated individuals. Oogenesis seemed to be nonspecifically delayed in all treatments relative to control at 60 dpf. This study confirmed the previously reported association between hypothyroid condition and ovarian-skewed ratios, and hyperthyroid condition and testicular-skewed ratios, and also showed that male pubertal development is specifically delayed by experimental hypothyroidism. The simultaneous recovery from the hypothyroid and ovary-inducing effects of methimazole by 60 dpf (27 days post-treatment) suggests that the ovary-skewing effect of goitrogens is reversible when thyroid conditions return to basal levels before developmental commitment of gonadal sex. Conversely, the masculinizing effect of hyperthyroidism seems to be stable and perhaps permanent. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sharma, Prakash; Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 15th & Boston,Agr Sci Rm 218, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU Texas Tech University; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU) FX This study was facilitated by intramural funding from Texas Tech University and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU). TCFWRU cooperators include U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 184 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.018 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 110GY UT WOS:000316431800013 PM 23337033 ER PT J AU Maciel, J Pinon, M Zaragoza, D Cordero, G Neuman-Lee, L Strickland, J Thol, S Warner, D Mitchell, T Reedy, A Janzen, F AF Maciel, J. Pinon, M. Zaragoza, D. Cordero, G. Neuman-Lee, L. Strickland, J. Thol, S. Warner, D. Mitchell, T. Reedy, A. Janzen, F. TI Planting a TREE: designing a program to facilitate ecological research, outreach, education, and mentoring for underrepresented students SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kelly High Sch, Chicago, IL USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19153 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. EM fjanzen@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E321 EP E321 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402344 ER PT J AU Mccormick, SD AF Mccormick, S. D. TI Downstream: the hormonal control of smolt development in salmon. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 [Mccormick, S. D.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E141 EP E141 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401099 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Triggs, L Oland, L Paschke, J Kramer, AW Udevitz, MS Jay, CV AF Noren, S. R. Triggs, L. Oland, L. Paschke, J. Kramer, A. W. Udevitz, M. S. Jay, C., V TI Body Condition and Caloric Demand of Female Pacific Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA USA. Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN USA. Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E156 EP E156 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401160 ER PT J AU Peters, JM Carleton, SA Craig, C Del Rio, MM AF Peters, J. M. Carleton, S. A. Craig, C. Del Rio, Martinez M. TI Effects of land use on seasonal foraging behavior in white-winged doves of Arizona: Insights from stable isotope analysis SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USGS, Reston, VA USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jcbptrs@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E351 EP E351 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402463 ER PT J AU Yuge, S Honeyfield, DC Saloka, SK Li, W AF Yuge, S. Honeyfield, D. C. Saloka, S. K. Li, W. TI Characterization and functional analyses of three thiamin related transporters and a thiamin pyrophosphokinase in rainbow trout, and examination of their expression alteration in thiamin deficiency SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USGS NARL, Wellsboro, PA USA. EM shinya.yuge@gmail.com RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E232 EP E232 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401464 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO Olea, RA AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Olea, Ricardo A. TI Sequential Gaussian co-simulation of rate decline parameters of longwall gob gas ventholes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Sequential Gaussian co-simulation; Geostatistical stochastic simulation; Longwall mining; Gob gas ventholes; Decline curve analysis; Methane control ID PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES; METHANE EMISSIONS; MINES; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; QUALITY; PANEL AB Gob gas ventholes (GGVs) are used to control methane inflows into a longwall mining operation by capturing the gas within the overlying fractured strata before it enters the work environment. Using geostatistical co-simulation techniques, this paper maps the parameters of their rate decline behaviors across the study area, a longwall mine in the Northern Appalachian basin. Geostatistical gas-in-place (GIP) simulations were performed, using data from 64 exploration boreholes, and GIP data were mapped within the fractured zone of the study area. In addition, methane flowrates monitored from 10 GGVs were analyzed using decline curve analyses (DCA) techniques to determine parameters of decline rates. Surface elevation showed the most influence on methane production from GGVs and thus was used to investigate its relation with DCA parameters using correlation techniques on normal-scored data. Geostatistical analysis was pursued using sequential Gaussian co-simulation with surface elevation as the secondary variable and with DCA parameters as the primary variables. The primary DCA variables were effective percentage decline rate, rate at production start, rate at the beginning of forecast period, and production end duration. Co-simulation results were presented to visualize decline parameters at an area-wide scale. Wells located at lower elevations, i.e., at the bottom of valleys, tend to perform better in terms of their rate declines compared to those at higher elevations. These results were used to calculate drainage radii of GGVs using GIP realizations. The calculated drainage radii are close to ones predicted by pressure transient tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 59 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.11.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114GD UT WOS:000316728200001 PM 26190930 ER PT J AU Brodie, J Johnson, H Mitchell, M Zager, P Proffitt, K Hebblewhite, M Kauffman, M Johnson, B Bissonette, J Bishop, C Gude, J Herbert, J Hersey, K Hurley, M Lukacs, PM McCorquodale, S McIntire, E Nowak, J Sawyer, H Smith, D White, PJ AF Brodie, Jedediah Johnson, Heather Mitchell, Michael Zager, Peter Proffitt, Kelly Hebblewhite, Mark Kauffman, Matthew Johnson, Bruce Bissonette, John Bishop, Chad Gude, Justin Herbert, Jeff Hersey, Kent Hurley, Mark Lukacs, Paul M. McCorquodale, Scott McIntire, Eliot Nowak, Josh Sawyer, Hall Smith, Douglas White, P. J. TI Relative influence of human harvest, carnivores, and weather on adult female elk survival across western North America SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive mortality; Cervus elaphus; climate change; compensatory mortality; harvest; predation; ungulate ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; WHITE-TAILED DEER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LARGE HERBIVORES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HUNTING MORTALITY; WOLF RESTORATION; YELLOWSTONE ELK; CALF SURVIVAL; AGE STRUCTURE AB Well-informed management of harvested species requires understanding how changing ecological conditions affect demography and population dynamics, information that is lacking for many species. We have limited understanding of the relative influence of carnivores, harvest, weather and forage availability on elk Cervus elaphus demography, despite the ecological and economic importance of this species. We assessed adult female survival, a key vital rate for population dynamics, from 2746 radio-collared elk in 45 populations across western North America that experience wide variation in carnivore assemblage, harvest, weather and habitat conditions. Proportional hazard analysis revealed that baseline' (i.e. not related to human factors) mortality was higher with very high winter precipitation, particularly in populations sympatric with wolves Canis lupus. Mortality may increase via nutritional stress and heightened vulnerability to predation in snowy winters. Baseline mortality was unrelated to puma Puma concolor presence, forest cover or summer forage productivity. Cause-specific mortality analyses showed that wolves and all carnivore species combined had additive effects on baseline elk mortality, but only reduced survival by <2%. When human factors were included, total' adult mortality was solely related to harvest; the influence of native carnivores was compensatory. Annual total mortality rates were lowest in populations sympatric with both pumas and wolves because managers reduced female harvest in areas with abundant or diverse carnivores. Mortality from native carnivores peaked in late winter and early spring, while harvest-induced mortality peaked in autumn. The strong peak in harvest-induced mortality during the autumn hunting season decreased as the number of native carnivore species increased. Synthesis and applications. Elevated baseline adult female elk mortality from wolves in years with high winter precipitation could affect elk abundance as winters across the western US become drier and wolves recolonize portions of the region. In the absence of human harvest, wolves had additive, although limited, effects on mortality. However, human harvest, and its apparent use by managers to offset predation, primarily controls overall variation in adult female mortality. Altering harvest quotas is thus a strong tool for offsetting impacts of carnivore recolonization and shifting weather patterns on elk across western North America. C1 [Brodie, Jedediah] Univ Montana, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Johnson, Heather; Bishop, Chad] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Durango, CO 81303 USA. [Mitchell, Michael] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zager, Peter; Hurley, Mark] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Proffitt, Kelly; Gude, Justin; Herbert, Jeff] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Hebblewhite, Mark; Hurley, Mark; Lukacs, Paul M.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Johnson, Bruce] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Bissonette, John] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Hersey, Kent] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [McCorquodale, Scott] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [McIntire, Eliot; Nowak, Josh] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Sawyer, Hall] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Smith, Douglas; White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Brodie, J (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jedediah.brodie@gmail.com RI hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; McIntire, Eliot/F-7995-2011 OI McIntire, Eliot/0000-0002-6914-8316 FU US Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game via the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration programme [W-160-R]; Colorado Parks and Wildlife Auction/Raffle Grant Programme; Colorado, Wyoming and national chapters of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; NASA [NNX11AO47G] FX The Western Elk Research Collaborative is supported by US Geological Survey, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game via the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration programme (W-160-R), the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Auction/Raffle Grant Programme, and the Colorado, Wyoming and national chapters of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. We also thank the state agencies and national parks that contributed data and in-kind support, as well as the capture crews and field staff that collected these data. We thank D. Freddy, K. Hamlin, G. Pauly, D. McWhirter, W. Myers and C. White for designing and implementing field research projects that produced some of data on which our analyses and inferences are based. We also thank T. Toman for continued support and H. Robinson for advice on the analysis. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. Funding was also provided from NASA grant NNX11AO47G to M. Hebblewhite. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 172 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 50 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12044 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117QX UT WOS:000316969300003 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP John, JG Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Krasting, JP Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Sentman, LT Adcroft, AJ Cooke, W Dunne, KA Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Harrison, MJ Levy, H Wittenberg, AT Phillips, PJ Zadeh, N AF Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Krasting, John P. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Sentman, Lori T. Adcroft, Alistair J. Cooke, William Dunne, Krista A. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Harrison, Matthew J. Levy, Hiram Wittenberg, Andrew T. Phillips, Peter J. Zadeh, Niki TI GFDL's ESM2 Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Earth System Models. Part II: Carbon System Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; OCEAN; CYCLE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB The authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM2G. These models demonstrate good climate fidelity as described in part I of this study while incorporating explicit and consistent carbon dynamics. The two models differ almost exclusively in the physical ocean component; ESM2M uses the Modular Ocean Model version 4.1 with vertical pressure layers, whereas ESM2G uses generalized ocean layer dynamics with a bulk mixed layer and interior isopycnal layers. On land, both ESMs include a revised land model to simulate competitive vegetation distributions and functioning, including carbon cycling among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere. In the ocean, both models include new biogeochemical algorithms including phytoplankton functional group dynamics with flexible stoichiometry. Preindustrial simulations are spun up to give stable, realistic carbon cycle means and variability. Significant differences in simulation characteristics of these two models are described. Because of differences in oceanic ventilation rates, ESM2M has a stronger biological carbon pump but weaker northward implied atmospheric CO2 transport than ESM2G. The major advantages of ESM2G over ESM2M are improved representation of surface chlorophyll in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and thermocline nutrients and oxygen in the North Pacific. Improved tree mortality parameters in ESM2G produced more realistic carbon accumulation in vegetation pools. The major advantages of ESM2M over ESM2G are reduced nutrient and oxygen biases in the southern and tropical oceans. C1 [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Krasting, John P.; Milly, P. C. D.; Sentman, Lori T.; Dunne, Krista A.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Levy, Hiram; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Phillips, Peter J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Krasting, John P.; Cooke, William; Zadeh, Niki] DRC GFDL, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 65 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2267 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400007 ER PT J AU Steidl, RJ Conway, CJ Litt, AR AF Steidl, Robert J. Conway, Courtney J. Litt, Andrea R. TI Power to detect trends in abundance of secretive marsh birds: Effects of species traits and sampling effort SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE marsh birds; monitoring; power analysis; rails; trends; wetland birds; zero-inflated Poisson ID CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; NORTH-AMERICA; DETECTION PROBABILITY; MONITORING EFFORT; TIDAL MARSHES; CONSERVATION; OCCUPANCY; SCALE AB Standardized protocols for surveying secretive marsh birds have been implemented across North America, but the efficacy of surveys to detect population trends has not been evaluated. We used survey data collected from populations of marsh birds across North America and simulations to explore how characteristics of bird populations (proportion of survey stations occupied, abundance at occupied stations, and detection probability) and aspects of sampling effort (numbers of survey routes, stations/route, and surveys/station/year) affect statistical power to detect trends in abundance of marsh bird populations. In general, the proportion of survey stations along a route occupied by a species had a greater relative effect on power to detect trends than did the number of birds detected per survey at occupied stations. Uncertainty introduced by imperfect detection during surveys reduced power to detect trends considerably, but across the range of detection probabilities for most species of marsh birds, variation in detection probability had only a minor influence on power. For species that occupy a relatively high proportion of survey stations (0.20), have relatively high abundances at occupied stations (2.0 birds/station), and have high detection probability (0.50), 40 routes with 10 survey stations per route surveyed 3 times per year would provide an 80% chance of detecting a 3% annual decrease in abundance after 20 years of surveys. Under the same assumptions but for species that are less common, 100 routes would be needed to achieve the same power. Our results can help inform the design of programs to monitor trends in abundance of marsh bird populations, especially with regards to the amount of sampling effort necessary to meet programmatic goals. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society C1 [Steidl, Robert J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Litt, Andrea R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Steidl, RJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. EM steidl@ag.arizona.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX C. Nadeau provided extensive logistical support and helped organize data from the many surveys we used to guide our approach. M. Borgstrom provided suggestions to improve the efficiency of our simulations, which are coded in SAS and available from the authors. Hundreds of biologists from state and federal agencies, including many National Wildlife Refuges, contributed survey data. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey provided funding to support this work. S. Lor and H. Laskowski encouraged us to pursue this issue. We appreciate the comments provided by C. A. Ribic and 2 anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1002/jwmg.505 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100003 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Taylor, MK Laake, J Stirling, I AF Peacock, Elizabeth Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeffrey Stirling, Ian TI Population ecology of polar bears in Davis Strait, Canada and Greenland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; harp seal; harvest; density effects; mark-recapture; polar bear; population demography; sea ice; Ursus maritimus; wildlife management ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; VIABILITY; SIZE; SEA; RECRUITMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; NUNAVUT; HARVEST AB Until recently, the sea ice habitat of polar bears was understood to be variable, but environmental variability was considered to be cyclic or random, rather than progressive. Harvested populations were believed to be at levels where density effects were considered not significant. However, because we now understand that polar bear demography can also be influenced by progressive change in the environment, and some populations have increased to greater densities than historically lower numbers, a broader suite of factors should be considered in demographic studies and management. We analyzed 35 years of capture and harvest data from the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulation in Davis Strait, including data from a new study (20052007), to quantify its current demography. We estimated the population size in 2007 to be 2,158 +/- 180 (SE), a likely increase from the 1970s. We detected variation in survival, reproductive rates, and age-structure of polar bears from geographic sub-regions. Survival and reproduction of bears in southern Davis Strait was greater than in the north and tied to a concurrent dramatic increase in breeding harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in Labrador. The most supported survival models contained geographic and temporal variables. Harp seal abundance was significantly related to polar bear survival. Our estimates of declining harvest recovery rate, and increasing total survival, suggest that the rate of harvest declined over time. Low recruitment rates, average adult survival rates, and high population density, in an environment of high prey density, but deteriorating and variable ice conditions, currently characterize the Davis Strait polar bears. Low reproductive rates may reflect negative effects of greater densities or worsening ice conditions. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Taylor, Mitchell K.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Sci & Environm Studies, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Laake, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov FU governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut; Makivik Corporation; Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board FX We thank the governments of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), and Greenland for providing harvest data. The governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut and the Makivik Corporation, Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada, and the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board provided funding of new capture operations, 2005-2007. A. Simpson (Parks Canada) provided logistics support, E. Born (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources) assisted with harvest data, and B. Doidge and B. Ford (Makivik), and R. Jefferies, R. Otto, and T. Chubbs (NL) assisted with harvest data and logistics. We thank all field technicians, including those who contributed significant time during the new 2005-2007 field effort: C. Didham, M. Dyck, B. Ford, R. Jefferies, R. Otto, T. Pardy, J. McConnell, M. Kotierk. The map figures were prepared by J. McConnell. We thank our pilots, especially J. Innis, for ensuring the safety of polar bears and crews from 1974 to 2008. We thank J. Bromaghin, D. Diefenbach, G. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 184 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1002/jwmg.489 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100005 ER PT J AU Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Grovenburg, TW Kaczor, NW Klaver, RW Herman-Brunson, KM Jenks, JA Jensen, KC AF Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Grovenburg, Troy W. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Klaver, Robert W. Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jenks, Jonathan A. Jensen, Kent C. TI Greater sage-grouse winter habitat use on the eastern edge of their range SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia; Centrocercus urophasianus; greater sage-grouse; habitat; North Dakota; resource selection; sagebrush; South Dakota ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CENTRAL MONTANA; COLORADO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AVAILABILITY; UROPHASIANUS; METABOLISM AB Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at the western edge of the Dakotas occur in the transition zone between sagebrush and grassland communities. These mixed sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) and grasslands differ from those habitats that comprise the central portions of the sage-grouse range; yet, no information is available on winter habitat selection within this region of their distribution. We evaluated factors influencing greater sage-grouse winter habitat use in North Dakota during 20052006 and 20062007 and in South Dakota during 20062007 and 20072008. We captured and radio-marked 97 breeding-age females and 54 breeding-age males from 2005 to 2007 and quantified habitat selection for 98 of these birds that were alive during winter. We collected habitat measurements at 340 (177ND, 163SD) sage-grouse use sites and 680 random (340 each at 250m and 500m from locations) dependent sites. Use sites differed from random sites with greater percent sagebrush cover (14.75% use vs. 7.29% random; P<0.001), percent total vegetation cover (36.76% use vs. 32.96% random; P0.001), and sagebrush density (2.12plants/m2 use vs. 0.94plants/m2 random; P0.001), but lesser percent grass cover (11.76% use vs. 16.01% random; P0.001) and litter cover (4.34% use vs. 5.55% random; P=0.001) and lower sagebrush height (20.02cm use vs. 21.35cm random; P=0.13) and grass height (21.47cm use vs. 23.21cm random; P=0.15). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate winter habitat selection by sage-grouse on continuous scales. The model sagebrush cover+sagebrush height+sagebrush coverxsagebrush height ($w_{i} $=0.60) was the most supported of the 13 models we considered, indicating that percent sagebrush cover strongly influenced selection. Logistic odds ratios indicated that the probability of selection by sage-grouse increased by 1.867 for every 1% increase in sagebrush cover (95% CI=1.6272.141) and by 1.041 for every 1cm increase in sagebrush height (95% CI=1.0021.082). The interaction between percent sagebrush canopy cover and sagebrush height (=0.01, SE0.01; odds ratio=0.987 [95% CI=0.9830.992]) also was significant. Management could focus on avoiding additional loss of sagebrush habitat, identifying areas of critical winter habitat, and implementing management actions based on causal mechanisms (e.g., soil moisture, precipitation) that affect sagebrush community structure in this region. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Swanson, Christopher C.; Grovenburg, Troy W.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Jensen, Kent C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Swanson, CC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1 1st St SW, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. EM chris_swanson@fws.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU United States Bureau of Land Management in North Dakota [ESA000013]; United States Bureau of Land Management in South Dakota [ESA000013]; United States Bureau of Land Management in Montana [ESA000013]; South Dakota State University; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; United States Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022] FX We thank C. L. Aldridge and J. W. Connelly for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the United States Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013) in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana; South Dakota State University; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), and the United States Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022). The success of this project was possible due to guidance or field assistance provided by C. A. Berdan, T. Zachmeier, R. M. King, D. Barron, T. C. Berdan, J. M. Wrede, G. D. Kobriger, T. M. Juntti, S. C. Kohn, A. C. Robinson, K. Undlin, A. D. Apa, L. J. Becht, and numerous volunteers. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1002/jwmg.484 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100007 ER PT J AU Loesch, CR Walker, JA Reynolds, RE Gleason, JS Niemuth, ND Stephens, SE Erickson, MA AF Loesch, Charles R. Walker, Johann A. Reynolds, Ronald E. Gleason, Jeffrey S. Niemuth, Neal D. Stephens, Scott E. Erickson, Michael A. TI Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas discors; A. platyrhynchos; blue-winged teal; breeding population; mallard; Prairie Pothole Region; wind energy development; wind turbines ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NORTH-DAKOTA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; IMPACTS; POPULATIONS; WATERFOWL; HABITAT; BIRDS; FARMS; DISTURBANCE AB Industrial wind energy production is a relatively new phenomenon in the Prairie Pothole Region and given the predicted future development, it has the potential to affect large land areas. The effects of wind energy development on breeding duck pair use of wetlands in proximity to wind turbines were unknown. During springs 20082010, we conducted surveys of breeding duck pairs for 5 species of dabbling ducks in 2 wind energy production sites (wind) and 2 paired reference sites (reference) without wind energy development located in the Missouri Coteau of North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. We conducted 10,338 wetland visits and observed 15,760 breeding duck pairs. Estimated densities of duck pairs on wetlands in wind sites were lower for 26 of 30 site, species, and year combinations and of these 16 had 95% credible intervals that did not overlap zero and resulted in a 456% reduction in breeding pairs. The negative median displacement observed in this study (21%) may influence the prioritization of grassland and wetland resources for conservation when existing decision support tools based on breeding-pair density are used. However, for the 2 wind study sites, priority was not reduced. We were unable to directly assess the potential for cumulative impacts and recommend long-term, large-scale waterfowl studies to reduce the uncertainty related to effects of broad-scale wind energy development on both abundance and demographic rates of breeding duck populations. In addition, continued dialogue between waterfowl conservation groups and wind energy developers is necessary to develop conservation strategies to mitigate potential negative effects of wind energy development on duck populations. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.; Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Walker, Johann A.; Stephens, Scott E.] Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gleason, Jeffrey S.; Erickson, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm, ND 58546 USA. RP Loesch, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM chuck_loesch@fws.gov FU NextEra Energy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ducks Unlimited FX We would like to thank the numerous landowners in the project area for granting permission to access their land to conduct breeding duck pair surveys. T. Mitacek, A. Geisler, C. T. Gue, J. Foth, J. Rehar, A. Northrup, B. Hall, D. W. Brant, J. Weiler, H. P., D. Oates, D. LaRochelle, J. Korkos, K. A. Peterson, M. D. McClanahan, M. A. Fellin, and S. W. Cunningham conducted the field surveys and entered the data. Thanks to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kulm Wetland Management District Staff, especially R. Holmgren and D. Peterson for logistical support, and Audubon Wetland Management District and Chase Lake Prairie Project for providing logistical support. We would also like to thank NextEra Energy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Ducks Unlimited for financial support of this project. Finally, we thank W. Meeks and K. Doherty for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 587 EP 598 DI 10.1002/jwmg.481 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100017 ER PT J AU Norton, AS Diefenbach, DR Rosenberry, CS Wallingford, BD AF Norton, Andrew S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Rosenberry, Christopher S. Wallingford, Bret D. TI Incorporating harvest rates into the sex-age-kill model for white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; Odocoileus virginianus; Pennsylvania; precision; robustness; sensitivity; sex-age-kill model; white-tailed deer ID PENNSYLVANIA; PRECISION; COLORADO; HUNTERS AB Although monitoring population trends is an essential component of game species management, wildlife managers rarely have complete counts of abundance. Often, they rely on population models to monitor population trends. As imperfect representations of real-world populations, models must be rigorously evaluated to be applied appropriately. Previous research has evaluated population models for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus); however, the precision and reliability of these models when tested against empirical measures of variability and bias largely is untested. We were able to statistically evaluate the Pennsylvania sex-age-kill (PASAK) population model using realistic error measured using data from 1,131 radiocollared white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania from 2002 to 2008. We used these data and harvest data (number killed, age-sex structure, etc.) to estimate precision of abundance estimates, identify the most efficient harvest data collection with respect to precision of parameter estimates, and evaluate PASAK model robustness to violation of assumptions. Median coefficient of variation (CV) estimates by Wildlife Management Unit, 13.2% in the most recent year, were slightly above benchmarks recommended for managing game species populations. Doubling reporting rates by hunters or doubling the number of deer checked by personnel in the field reduced median CVs to recommended levels. The PASAK model was robust to errors in estimates for adult male harvest rates but was sensitive to errors in subadult male harvest rates, especially in populations with lower harvest rates. In particular, an error in subadult (1.5-yr-old) male harvest rates resulted in the opposite error in subadult male, adult female, and juvenile population estimates. Also, evidence of a greater harvest probability for subadult female deer when compared with adult (2.5-yr-old) female deer resulted in a 9.5% underestimate of the population using the PASAK model. Because obtaining appropriate sample sizes, by management unit, to estimate harvest rate parameters each year may be too expensive, assumptions of constant annual harvest rates may be necessary. However, if changes in harvest regulations or hunter behavior influence subadult male harvest rates, the PASAK model could provide an unreliable index to population changes. (c) 2012 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Norton, Andrew S.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rosenberry, Christopher S.; Wallingford, Bret D.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Norton, AS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Russell Labs A141, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nort0160@umn.edu FU Pennsylvania Game Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association; Pennsylvania Deer Association; Pennsylvania Audubon Society; Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources FX Support for this research was provided by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, national and local chapters of the Quality Deer Management Association, Pennsylvania Deer Association, Pennsylvania Audubon Society, and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. E. S. Long, M. T. Keenan, J. Fleegle, and W. Cottrell provided assistance with deer trapping and data collection. We thank the numerous technicians, volunteers, and landowners who assisted in the study. Also, we thank and acknowledge L. Hansen and W. M. Ford for their reviews of an earlier draft, in addition to helpful reviews by J. M. Gaillard and an anonymous referee. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.1002/jwmg.486 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100019 ER PT J AU Depine, M Frimmel, HE Emsbo, P Koenig, AE Kern, M AF Depine, M. Frimmel, H. E. Emsbo, P. Koenig, A. E. Kern, M. TI Trace element distribution in uraninite from Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand conglomerates (South Africa) supports placer model and magmatogenic source SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Uraninite; Witwatersrand; Trace elements; Gold; Archaean atmosphere ID KAAPVAAL-CRATON; BASIN; GOLD; ORIGIN; FLUIDS; MINERALIZATION; METAMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; BASEMENT AB The first systematic analyses of the trace and rare earth element (REE) distribution in uraninite from various gold-bearing conglomerates of the Mesoarchaean Central Rand Group in South Africa's Witwatersrand Basin by in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirms a placer origin for the uraninite and a magmatogenic provenance thereof. The chemistry of commonly rounded to sub-rounded uraninite is highly variable from grain to grain but generally marked by elevated Th, W, Bi, Mo, Ta, Y, REE contents and unusually high Au concentrations. Especially, the high Th contents and the chondrite-normalised REE patterns are incompatible with post-sedimentary hydrothermal genetic models for the U mineralisation and point to derivation of the detrital uraninite from a high-temperature, magmatogenic, presumably granitic to pegmatitic source. The elevated Au concentrations (of as much as 67 ppm) in this uraninite are unique to the Witwatersrand and hint at a granitic hinterland that was enriched in both U and Au, thus presenting a potential source domain for some of the detrital gold in the Witwatersrand conglomerates. Minute fracture fills of brannerite in close proximity to the larger, rounded uraninite grains are devoid of detectable Bi, Mo, REE and Au and have only very low concentrations of Th, W, Ta and Y. This is explicable by crystallisation from a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Thus, Witwatersrand U phases show, analogous to many other ore constituents, such as pyrite and gold, clear evidence of partial, short-range mobilisation of originally detrital particles by post-sedimentary fluids. C1 [Depine, M.; Frimmel, H. E.; Kern, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Geodynam & Geomat Res Div, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Frimmel, H. E.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Emsbo, P.; Koenig, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Frimmel, HE (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Geol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. EM hartwig.frimmel@uni-wuerzburg.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [FR2183/3-1, FR2183/3-2] FX H. Bratz and U. Schussler helped with LA-ICP-MS and EMP analyses, respectively. We thank W.E.L. Minter for providing some of the analysed samples from historic mine sites. J. Mercadier and L. Robb are thanked for their thorough reviews of the original manuscript. Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grants FR2183/3-1 and FR2183/3-2) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s00126-013-0458-3 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 115NY UT WOS:000316820300001 ER PT J AU Ostoja, SM Schupp, EW Klinger, R AF Ostoja, Steven M. Schupp, Eugene W. Klinger, Rob TI Seed harvesting by a generalist consumer is context-dependent: Interactive effects across multiple spatial scales SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; PLANT DEFENSE GUILDS; POGONOMYRMEX-OCCIDENTALIS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; ASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE; MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND; APPARENT COMPETITION; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GREAT-BASIN AB Granivore foraging decisions affect consumer success and determine the quantity and spatial pattern of seed survival. These decisions are influenced by environmental variation at spatial scales ranging from landscapes to local foraging patches. In a field experiment, the effects of seed patch variation across three spatial scales on seed removal by western harvester ants Pogonomyrmex occidentalis were evaluated. At the largest scale we assessed harvesting in different plant communities, at the intermediate scale we assessed harvesting at different distances from ant mounds, and at the smallest scale we assessed the effects of interactions among seed species in local seed neighborhoods on seed harvesting (i.e. resourceconsumer interface). Selected seed species were presented alone (monospecific treatment) and in mixture with Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass; mixture treatment) at four distances from P. occidentalis mounds in adjacent intact sagebrush and non-native cheatgrass-dominated communities in the Great Basin, Utah, USA. Seed species differed in harvest, with B. tectorum being least preferred. Large and intermediate scale variation influenced harvest. More seeds were harvested in sagebrush than in cheatgrass-dominated communities (largest scale), and the quantity of seed harvested varied with distance from mounds (intermediate-scale), although the form of the distance effect differed between plant communities. At the smallest scale, seed neighborhood affected harvest, but the patterns differed among seed species considered. Ants harvested fewer seeds from mixed-seed neighborhoods than from monospecific neighborhoods, suggesting context dependence and potential associational resistance. Further, the effects of plant community and distance from mound on seed harvest in mixtures differed from their effects in monospecific treatments. Beyond the local seed neighborhood, selection of seed resources is better understood by simultaneously evaluating removal at multiple scales. Associational effects provide a useful theoretical basis for better understanding harvester ant foraging decisions. These results demonstrate the importance of ecological context for seed removal, which has implications for seed pools, plant populations and communities. C1 [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Klinger, Rob] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Ostoja, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. EM sostoja@usgs.gov RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Dept of Agriculture [2001-52103-11322]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State Univ. (USU), Logan, UT, USA, a USU Ecology Center Research Fellowship; USU School of Graduate Studies Dissertation Fellowship FX Special thanks to W. Fox for field assistance. K. Beard, C. Call, J. MacMahon and T. Monaco provided helpful comments. This research was supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Dept of Agriculture, under Agreement no. 2001-52103-11322, the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State Univ. (USU), Logan, UT, USA, a USU Ecology Center Research Fellowship (to SMO), and a USU School of Graduate Studies Dissertation Fellowship (to SMO). Approved as UAES journal paper no. 8169. The use of trade names in this document is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2013 VL 122 IS 4 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.19969.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UU UT WOS:000316695500009 ER PT J AU Pastor, J De Jager, NR AF Pastor, John De Jager, Nathan R. TI Simulated responses of moose populations to browsing-induced changes in plant architecture and forage production SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGING MOOSE; ISLE-ROYALE; BOREAL FOREST; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; ACCOMPANIED CHANGES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NATIONAL-PARK; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY AB We and others have previously shown that browsing by large mammalian herbivores can alter the fractal dimension and other architectural properties of plant crowns. Using data from an experiment in northern Sweden which manipulated moose population densities from 0 to 50 moose per 1000 ha and measured architectural responses of birch, Betula pendula and B. pubescens, and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, we constructed a simulation model to examine how these changes in plant crown architecture affect moose population dynamics. Architectural changes in birch tree crowns caused forage availability to increase from low to moderate moose population densities, then decline at higher densities. In contrast, forage availability of pine decreased monotonically with increasing moose population density. The model, which incorporated equations fitted to these experimental results, predicted realistic moose population densities for northern Sweden. More importantly, the model also predicted that the quadratic responses of birch crowns to moose browsing results in moose population oscillations on high productivity sites because the moose population density overshoots the maximum birch forage availability then declines. Changes in the geometry of plant canopies caused by mammalian browsers and soil fertility may feed back on the population dynamics of the browsers themselves and even result in complex dynamics such as population oscillations. C1 [Pastor, John] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [De Jager, Nathan R.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54630 USA. RP Pastor, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM jpastor@d.umn.edu RI Pastor, John/F-6241-2011; OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU US National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program FX This research was supported through a grant from the US National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program. The support of this program is greatly appreciated. We also thank our Swedish colleagues, Kjell Danell and Inga-Lill Persson, for their assistance and encouragement on this research. Helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript were received from John Bryant. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2013 VL 122 IS 4 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20960.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UU UT WOS:000316695500010 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Turluck, TD AF Howard, Rebecca J. Turluck, Theodore D. TI Phragmites australis Expansion in a Restored Brackish Marsh: Documentation at Different Time Scales SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Dredged sediment; Invasive species; Phragmites australis; Plant growth; Wetland restoration ID COMMON REED; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-AMERICA; TIDAL MARSHES; INVASION; WETLANDS; POACEAE; SPREAD; HAPLOTYPE; GENOTYPE AB Invasive plants in restored habitats can alter the system such that restoration goals are not met. Non-native lineages of Phragmites australis (hereafter Phragmites) are invasive in North American wetlands, and their presence can be problematic because of decreased species diversity and altered physicochemical processes. Phragmites is a challenging species for restoration because both native and non-native lineages can co-occur. We documented Phragmites expansion in a brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA that was restored with dredged sediments. Invasive Phragmites clones were inadvertently planted at the site. Phragmites expansion was documented through field measurements and aerial imagery. No growth differences were apparent between lineages during the first growing season. Horizontal expansion of 2.27 +/- 0.15 m (mean +/- 1SE) 5 months after planting occurred through rhizome growth. Seven years after planting, three patches with a combined aerial cover of about 0.7 ha were delineated. The study verified that Phragmites can grow relatively rapidly and persist on dredged sediments. Long-term rapid growth of invasive Phragmites may be a positive attribute in areas subject to high erosion and subsidence rates, despite reductions in species diversity. Acceptability of the presence of invasive Phragmites will depend on restoration goals. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Turluck, Theodore D.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s13157-012-0368-7 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000002 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Effects of Hydrologic Connectivity and Environmental Variables on Nekton Assemblage in a Coastal Marsh System SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Chenier Plain marsh; Nekton assemblage; Hydrologic connectivity; Pond characteristics ID TIDAL FRESH-WATER; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; SALT-MARSH; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SALINITY TOLERANCE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; RUPPIA-MARITIMA; LOUISIANA AB Hydrologic connectivity and environmental variation can influence nekton assemblages in coastal ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of hydrologic connectivity (permanently connected pond: PCP; temporary connected pond: TCP), salinity, vegetation coverage, water depth and other environmental variables on seasonal nekton assemblages in freshwater, brackish, and saline marshes of the Chenier Plain, Louisiana, USA. We hypothesize that 1) nekton assemblages in PCPs have higher metrics (density, biomass, assemblage similarity) than TCPs within all marsh types and 2) no nekton species would be dominant across all marsh types. In throw traps, freshwater PCPs in Fall (36.0 +/- 1.90) and Winter 2009 (43.2 +/- 22.36) supported greater biomass than freshwater TCPs (Fall 2009: 9.1 +/- 4.65; Winter 2009: 8.3 +/- 3.42). In minnow traps, saline TCPs (5.9 +/- 0.85) in Spring 2009 had higher catch per unit effort than saline PCPs (0.7 +/- 0.67). Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as freshwater marsh PCPs had greater assemblage similarity than TCPs. As predicted by our second hypothesis, no nekton species dominated across all marsh types. Nekton assemblages were structured by individual species responses to the salinity gradient as well as pond habitat attributes (submerged aquatic vegetation coverage, dissolved oxygen, hydrologic connectivity). C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Rm 315,RNR Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM skang1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant; International Crane Foundation FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with support also from the International Crane Foundation. We thank M. La Peyre, J. A. Nyman, R. Keim, A. Rutherford, and L. Rozas for their critical insights. The authors would like to acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe, R. Cormier, M. Huber, and A. Williamson. In addition, we extend gratitude to M. Kaller for statistical assistance. Collections were made under Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use protocol (#AE2008-012). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0386-0 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000013 ER PT J AU Walls, SC Barichivich, WJ Brown, ME Scott, DE Hossack, BR AF Walls, Susan C. Barichivich, William J. Brown, Mary E. Scott, David E. Hossack, Blake R. TI Influence of Drought on Salamander Occupancy of Isolated Wetlands on the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Drought; Mole salamander; Occupancy dynamics; Pond-breeding amphibians; Wetland hydrology ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORARY POND; ENERGY-FLOW; CLIMATE; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS; CONSERVATION AB In the southeastern U.S., changes in temperature and precipitation over the last three decades have been the most dramatic in winter and spring seasons. Continuation of these trends could negatively impact pond-breeding amphibians, especially those that rely on winter and spring rains to fill seasonal wetlands, trigger breeding, and ensure reproductive success. From 2009 to 2012, we monitored Spring and Fall presence of aquatic stages (larval and paedomorphic, gilled adult) of a winter-breeding amphibian (the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum) and used multi-season models to estimate occupancy, local colonization and extinction. Seasonal estimates of occupancy, corrected for imperfect detection, declined from 22.3 % of ponds in Spring 2009 to 9.9 % in Fall 2012. Our best supported model suggested that changes in occupancy were driven by increased rates of extinction that corresponded with drought-related drying of ponds. Based on uncertainty in climate change projections for the Southeast, we present a conceptual model of predicted changes in wetland hydroperiods across a landscape with projected decreases and increases in future precipitation. Such precipitation changes could alter wetland hydroperiods, facilitate extinctions of species adapted to short, intermediate or long hydroperiod environments and, ultimately, modify the composition of amphibian communities within freshwater wetland ecosystems. C1 [Walls, Susan C.; Barichivich, William J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Scott, David E.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Brown, Mary E.] US Geol Survey, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM swalls@usgs.gov OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155 FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; U. S. Department of Energy [DEFC09-07SR22506] FX Field work was supported by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This research was conducted with permits from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (permit no. WX08477), St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (416402009- 09) and the USGS Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee (USGS/FISC 2006-04 andUSGS/SESC 2010-01). D. Scottwas partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Award Number DEFC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. We thank L. Ball, D. Calhoun, A. Cressler, D. Gregoire, D. Gualtieri, J. Riley, J. Staiger and M. Randall for field assistance; D. Miller for suggestions on occupancy modeling; and C. K. Dodd, Jr. and J. Mitchell for commenting on earlier versions of the manuscript. Many of the ideas about the effects of climate change on pond-breeding amphibians presented herein were derived from discussions with K. Buhlmann, C. K. Dodd, Jr., K. Haag, S. Lance, J. Mitchell, S. Richter, and B. Taylor. We are grateful to them for sharing their thoughts and ideas. The use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This is contribution 429 of the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0391-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113AL UT WOS:000316638000015 ER PT J AU Miller, DM Oviatt, CG McGeehin, JP AF Miller, David M. Oviatt, Charles G. McGeehin, John P. TI Stratigraphy and chronology of Provo shoreline deposits and lake-level implications, Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA SO BOREAS LA English DT Article ID UINTA MOUNTAINS; COSMOGENIC HE-3; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UPPER-MANTLE; UTAH; CONSTRAINTS; VISCOSITY; SURFACES; CYCLES; AGE AB Miller, D. M., Oviatt, C. G. & McGeehin, J. P. 2013 (April): Stratigraphy and chronology of Provo shoreline deposits and lake-level implications, Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin, USA. Boreas, Vol. 42, pp. 342-361. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00297.x. ISSN 0300-9483. The Provo shoreline of Lake Bonneville formed following the Bonneville flood, and, based on previous dating, was formed during a period of overflow from about 17.5 to 15.0 cal. ka. In many places the Provo shoreline consists of a pair of distinct shorelines, one approximate to 3m higher than the other. We present data from two cuts through double beaches to show that the upper beach is younger and represents sedimentation after a lake-level rise. In addition, the lower beach deposits are internally stratified by beds that suggest three more lake-level rises during its development. The Provo beach complex thus appears to have been built during rising lake levels, which can be explained by rises in the overflow threshold by sequential landslide deposition. Evaluation of beach altitudes demonstrates that the two beach crests throughout the Bonneville basin experienced equivalent rebound from removal of the lake load, and therefore they formed after the rebound associated with the Bonneville flood occurred in early Provo time. However, radiocarbon ages on gastropods collected within the beach deposits suggest both that the sequence of five beach deposits formed from c.18.1 to c.17.0 cal. ka, and that the Bonneville flood occurred before 18 cal. ka. These ages are discordant with previous dates on shells within offshore sands, and raise questions about the validity of radiocarbon ages for shells in Lake Bonneville as well as about the age of the Bonneville flood and Provo shoreline. The timing for maximum Provo lake depths and its association with climate stages during deglaciation remain unresolved. C1 [Miller, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Oviatt, Charles G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmiller@usgs.gov; joviatt@ksu.edu; mcgeehin@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9483 EI 1502-3885 J9 BOREAS JI Boreas PD APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 342 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00297.x PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 109CM UT WOS:000316342800008 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, AJ Rutz, DS Ivey, SS Dunker, KJ Gross, JA AF Sepulveda, Adam J. Rutz, David S. Ivey, Sam S. Dunker, Kristine J. Gross, Jackson A. TI Introduced northern pike predation on salmonids in southcentral Alaska SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; diet; Esox lucius; Northern pike; prey-specific abundance; salmon; Susitna River ID LATES-NILOTICUS; ESOX-LUCIUS; NILE PERCH; FISH; LAKE; INVASION; BEHAVIOR; SMOLTS; RIVER; SIZE AB Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape-width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance. C1 [Sepulveda, Adam J.; Gross, Jackson A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Rutz, David S.; Ivey, Sam S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Dunker, Kristine J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Sepulveda, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM asepulveda@usgs.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [44609] FX This study was funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (Project # 44609). We thank Alaska Department Fish & Game's Division of Commercial Fisheries (Soldotna, AK) and Division of Sport Fisheries (Palmer, AK) and Bob Pence (Alaska Pike Hunters) for providing logistical and technical support in the field. We thank Joshua Bishoff, Adrian Baer, Kasaan Brandel, Kiche Brandel, Eric Hollerback, Don Reeves and Matt Warnke for help in the field. We also thank Erik Schoen and Bob Gresswell for helpful comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.1111/eff.12024 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 108HK UT WOS:000316283000010 ER PT J AU Allert, AL DiStefano, RJ Fairchild, JF Schmitt, CJ Mckee, MJ Girondo, JA Brumbaugh, WG May, TW AF Allert, A. L. DiStefano, R. J. Fairchild, J. F. Schmitt, C. J. McKee, M. J. Girondo, J. A. Brumbaugh, W. G. May, T. W. TI Effects of historical lead-zinc mining on riffle-dwelling benthic fish and crayfish in the Big River of southeastern Missouri, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lead-zinc mining; Benthic fish; Crayfish; Orconectes hylas; Orconectes luteus; In situ toxicity ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; LOTIC CRAYFISH; COTTUS-BAIRDI; 3 GENERATIONS; CADMIUM; METALS; STREAM; EXPOSURE; INVERTEBRATES AB The Big River (BGR) drains much of the Old Lead Belt mining district (OLB) in southeastern Missouri, USA, which was historically among the largest producers of lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) ore in the world. We sampled benthic fish and crayfish in riffle habitats at eight sites in the BGR and conducted 56-day in situ exposures to the woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas) and golden crayfish (Orconectes luteus) in cages at four sites affected to differing degrees by mining. Densities of fish and crayfish, physical habitat and water quality, and the survival and growth of caged crayfish were examined at sites with no known upstream mining activities (i.e., reference sites) and at sites downstream of mining areas (i.e., mining and downstream sites). Lead, zinc, and cadmium were analyzed in surface and pore water, sediment, detritus, fish, crayfish, and other benthic macro-invertebrates. Metals concentrations in all materials analyzed were greater at mining and downstream sites than at reference sites. Ten species of fish and four species of crayfish were collected. Fish and crayfish densities were significantly greater at reference than mining or downstream sites, and densities were greater at downstream than mining sites. Survival of caged crayfish was significantly lower at mining sites than reference sites; downstream sites were not tested. Chronic toxic-unit scores and sediment probable effects quotients indicated significant risk of toxicity to fish and crayfish, and metals concentrations in crayfish were sufficiently high to represent a risk to wildlife at mining and downstream sites. Collectively, the results provided direct evidence that metals associated with historical mining activities in the OLB continue to affect aquatic life in the BGR. C1 [Allert, A. L.; Fairchild, J. F.; Schmitt, C. J.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; May, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, R. J.; McKee, M. J.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Cent Reg Off, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [DiStefano, R. J.; McKee, M. J.] Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Girondo, J. A.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Forestry Off, Sullivan, MO 63080 USA. RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM aallert@usgs.gov FU USGS; U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program; MDC; MDNR FX We thank the private landowners who allowed access to these streams. We thank D. Mosby and J. Weber of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and M. Reed and K. Meneau of the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) for help in identifying sampling locations and in sample collection. Personnel from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), MDC, Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), and an American Fisheries Society Hutton Junior Biologist assisted with field collection and laboratory analyses. We thank M. Struckhoff for his assistance with Fig. 1. We thank K. Buhl and N. Kemble and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This study was jointly funded by USGS, the U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, MDC, and MDNR. This report has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10646-013-1043-3 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 108GW UT WOS:000316281300007 PM 23435650 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Stillings, LL Amacher, MC Ippolito, JA DeCrappeo, NM AF Blecker, S. W. Stillings, L. L. Amacher, M. C. Ippolito, J. A. DeCrappeo, N. M. TI Development and application of a soil organic matter-based soil quality index in mineralized terrane of the Western US SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Soil quality; Organic carbon; Total nitrogen; Soil enzymes ID BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; GREAT-BASIN; REGRESSION; SAMPLES AB Soil quality indices provide a means of distilling large amounts of data into a single metric that evaluates the soil's ability to carry out key ecosystem functions. Primarily developed in agroecosytems, then forested ecosystems, an index using the relation between soil organic matter and other key soil properties in more semi-arid systems of the Western US impacted by different geologic mineralization was developed. Three different sites in two different mineralization types, acid sulfate and Cu/Mo porphyry in California and Nevada, were studied. Soil samples were collected from undisturbed soils in both mineralized and nearby unmineralized terrane as well as waste rock and tailings. Eight different microbial parameters (carbon substrate utilization, microbial biomass-C, mineralized-C, mineralized-N and enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate) along with a number of physicochemical parameters were measured. Multiple linear regression models between these parameters and both total organic carbon and total nitrogen were developed, using the ratio of predicted to measured values as the soil quality index. In most instances, pooling unmineralized and mineralized soil data within a given study site resulted in lower model correlations. Enzyme activity was a consistent explanatory variable in the models across the study sites. Though similar indicators were significant in models across different mineralization types, pooling data across sites inhibited model differentiation of undisturbed and disturbed sites. This procedure could be used to monitor recovery of disturbed systems in mineralized terrane and help link scientific and management disciplines. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Stillings, L. L.] USGS, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Amacher, M. C.] US Forest Serv, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [DeCrappeo, N. M.] USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Blecker, SW (reprint author), USGS, 1664 N Virginia St,MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM steven.blecker@gmail.com NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1901 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1876-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 106DE UT WOS:000316121300006 ER PT J AU Wilde, GR Pope, KL AF Wilde, G. R. Pope, K. L. TI Worldwide trends in fishing interest indicated by internet search volume SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anglers; angling; Google Insights for Search; recreational fishing; salience ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; UNITED-STATES; INSIGHTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; MEDIA AB There is a growing body of literature that shows internet search volume on a topic, such as fishing, is a viable measure of salience. Herein, internet search volume for fishing' and angling' is used as a measure of public interest in fishing, in particular, recreational fishing. An online tool, Google Insights for Search, which allows one to study internet search terms and their volume since 2004, is used to examine trends in interest in fishing for 50 countries. Trends in normalised fishing search volume, during 2004 through 2011, varied from a 72.6% decrease (Russian Federation) to a 133.7% increase (Hungary). Normalised fishing search volume declined in 40 (80%) of the countries studied. The decline has been relatively large in English-speaking countries, but also has been large in Central and South American, and European countries. Analyses of search queries provide a low-cost means of gaining insight into angler interests and, possibly, behaviour in countries around the world. C1 [Wilde, G. R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Wilde, GR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM gene.wilde@ttu.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1111/fme.12009 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 106EK UT WOS:000316125200011 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Raby, GD Donaldson, MR Hinch, SG O'Connor, CM Arlinghaus, R Danylchuk, AJ Hanson, KC Clark, TD Patterson, DA AF Cooke, S. J. Raby, G. D. Donaldson, M. R. Hinch, S. G. O'Connor, C. M. Arlinghaus, R. Danylchuk, A. J. Hanson, K. C. Clark, T. D. Patterson, D. A. TI The physiological consequences of catch-and-release angling: perspectives on experimental design, interpretation, extrapolation and relevance to stakeholders SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE bycatch; conservation physiology; discards; recreational fisheries; stress ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; WILD RAINBOW-TROUT; ADULT COHO SALMON; LARGEMOUTH BASS; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; ATLANTIC SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Over the past 20years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of physiological tools and experimental approaches for the study of the biological consequences of catch-and-release angling practices for fishes. Beyond simply documenting problems, physiological data are also being used to test and refine different strategies for handling fish such that stress is minimised and survival probability maximised, and in some cases, even for assessing and facilitating recovery post-release. The inherent sensitivity of physiological processes means that nearly every study conducted has found some level of unavoidable physiological disturbance arising from recreational capture and subsequent release. An underlying tenet of catch-and-release studies that incorporate physiological tools is that a link exists between physiological status and fitness. In reality, finding such relationships has been elusive, with further extensions of individual-level impacts to fish populations even more dubious. A focus of this article is to describe some of the challenges related to experimental design and interpretation that arise when using physiological tools for the study of the biological consequences of catch-and-release angling. Means of overcoming these challenges and the extrapolation of physiological data from individuals to the population level are discussed. The argument is presented that even if it is difficult to demonstrate strong links to mortality or other fitness measures, let alone population-level impacts of catch-and-release, there remains merit in using physiological tools as objective indicators of fish welfare, which is an increasing concern in recreational fisheries. The overarching objective of this paper is to provide a balanced critique of the use of physiological approaches in catch-and-release science and of their role in providing meaningful information for anglers and managers. C1 [Cooke, S. J.; Raby, G. D.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Donaldson, M. R.; Hinch, S. G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [O'Connor, C. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Arlinghaus, R.] Humboldt Univ, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Danylchuk, A. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hanson, K. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. [Clark, T. D.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Patterson, D. A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cooperat Resource Management Inst, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Inst Environm Sci, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Steven_Cooke@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010; OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Raby, Graham/0000-0002-0549-4017; Donaldson, Michael/0000-0002-1178-5988 FU Canada Research Chairs Program; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC graduate scholarships; Eastburn Fellowship from McMaster University; National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987]; NSERC; Environmental Watch Program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; project Besatzfisch [01UU0907]; Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the Program on Social-Ecological Research FX SJC was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. MRD and GDR were supported by NSERC graduate scholarships. CMO is supported by the Eastburn Fellowship from McMaster University. AJD was supported by the National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987). SGH was supported by NSERC. DAP is supported by the Environmental Watch Program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. RA was funded through the project Besatzfisch (grant no. 01UU0907) granted by the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) in the Program on Social-Ecological Research. NR 138 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 268 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2012.00867.x PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 106EK UT WOS:000316125200016 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Andersen, David E. TI Testing common assumptions in studies of songbird nest success SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE fledgling; Golden-winged Warbler; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla; telemetry; Vermivora chrysoptera ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; HABITAT QUALITY; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; BREEDING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSHES; PREDATION; POPULATION; OVENBIRD; SIZE; MANAGEMENT AB We studied Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla and Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera populations in northern Minnesota, USA, to test two common assumptions in studies of songbird nest success: (1) that the condition of an empty nest on or near its expected fledge date is an indicator of nest fate; and (2) that the presence of a fledgling or family group within a territory confirms a successful nest in that territory. We monitored the condition of nests and used radiotelemetry to monitor juveniles through the expected fledging date and early post-fledging period. Of nests that contained nestlings 12days before the expected fledge date, fates were misidentified using nest condition alone for 9.5% of Ovenbird nests, but those misidentifications were made in both directions (succeeded or failed), yielding only a small bias in estimated nest success. However, 20% of Golden-winged Warbler nests were misidentified as successful using nest condition during the final visit interval, biasing the nest success estimate upward by 2128% depending on the treatment of uncertain nest fates. Fledgling Ovenbirds from 58% of nests travelled beyond their natal territory within 24h, rising to 98% after 5days, and those fledglings travelled up to 390m from nests within 10days of fledging. Fledgling Golden-winged Warblers from 13% of nests travelled beyond their natal territory within 24h, rising to 85% after 5 days, and those fledglings travelled up to 510m from nests within 10days of fledging. We conclude that nest condition and fledgling presence can be misleading indicators of nest fate, probably commonly biasing nest success estimates upward, and we recommend that these assumptions should be tested in additional species. C1 [Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM streb006@umn.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey through Research Work at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73, 87]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; US Forest Service FX These data were collected during projects funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey through Research Work Order Nos. 73 and 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with additional funding from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and in-kind support from the US Forest Service. We captured, handled, ringed and harnessed radio-transmitters to birds following IACUC Protocols #0806A35761 and #1004A80575, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We extend our gratitude to Francesca Cuthbert, Douglas Johnson, James Manolis, Jeanine Refsnider, and especially Ian Stewart and two anonymous reviewers for thorough and constructive comments on multiple drafts of the manuscript, and Richard Carr, Lauren Deets, Dianne Dessecker, Allison Edmond, Alexander Fish, Roxanne Franta, Callie Gesmundo, Jessica Hammers, Kelly Icknayan, Michael Johnson, Gunnar Kramer, Justin Lehman, Tara McAllister, Eric Michel, Adrian Monroe, Sean Peterson, Andrew Rehmann, Jeanine Refsnider, Emily Sinnot and Wu Udyend for assistance with field data collection. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2013 VL 155 IS 2 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/ibi.12018 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WN UT WOS:000316327000009 ER PT J AU Dinets, V AF Dinets, Vladimir TI Crane dances as play behaviour SO IBIS LA English DT Article C1 Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Dinets, V (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM dinets@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2013 VL 155 IS 2 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1111/ibi.12037 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 108WN UT WOS:000316327000021 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, L. E. Killgore, K. J. TI Entrainment of shovelnose sturgeon by towboat navigation in the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; HARVEST; FISHES; SYSTEM; RATES; POPULATIONS; PROPELLERS AB Estimated number of shovelnose sturgeonScaphirhynchus platorynchusimpacted annually by towboat entrainment in navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River were compared against estimates of fishery harvest and ambient population densities to evaluate the relevance of entrainment at the population level. Mean number of sturgeon entrained per kilometer of navigation was estimated at 0.02, and mean number entrained annually considering towboat traffic was estimated at 0.38sturgeon/ha. Losses associated with entrainment were mostly lower than fishery harvest, although differences were not large. The two sources of mortality combined could potentially reduce themature adult population to a level where it no longer has the reproductive capacity to replenish itself. Thus, through a combination of entrainment and fishing mortality shovelnose sturgeon may be looming near unsustainable population levels. These estimates are preliminary considering the many uncertainties associated with quantifying entrainment and its effects. Additional research is needed not only to derive better estimates, but also to develop options for managing entrainment. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District, and conducted by the Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center. Technical support was provided by Mark Cornish and Thomas Keevin, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Q. Phelps, S. Riffel, H. Schramm, and I. Vining provided helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Permission to publish this document was given by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1111/jai.12132 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107NH UT WOS:000316223900003 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Regish, AM Christensen, AK Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, Stephen D. Regish, Amy M. Christensen, Arne K. Bjoernsson, Bjoern Thrandur TI Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE osmoregulation; ion transport; ionocyte; Salmo salar ID CFTR ANION CHANNEL; CHLORIDE CELLS; NA+/K+-ATPASE; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH-HORMONE; COHO SALMON; K-ATPASE; GILL; SALAR; SALINITY AB Freshwater and seawater isoforms of the alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) have previously been identified in gill ionocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In the present study we examine the abundance and cellular localization of these isoforms during the parr-smolt transformation, a developmental process that is preparatory for seawater entry. The abundance of NKA alpha 1a was lower in smolts than in parr, remained relatively constant during spring and decreased in summer. NKA alpha 1b increased tenfold in smolts during spring, peaking in late April, coincident with downstream migration and increased salinity tolerance. NKA alpha 1b increased a further twofold after seawater exposure of smolts, whereas NKA alpha 1a decreased by 98%. The abundance of NKA alpha 1b-positive, and NKA alpha 1b and NKA alpha 1a co-labeled ionocytes increased during smolt development, whereas the number of NKA alpha 1a cells decreased. After seawater exposure of smolts, NKA alpha 1b-positive ionocytes increased, NKA alpha 1a-positive cells decreased, and co-labeled cells disappeared. Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during spring in smolts, but not in parr, peaking just prior to the highest levels of NKA alpha 1b. The results indicate that the increase in the abundance of NKA alpha 1b during smolt development is directly linked to the increase in salinity tolerance that occurs at this stage, but that significant changes also occur after seawater exposure. Spring increases in circulating levels of growth hormone and cortisol indicate that these hormones may be instrumental in upregulating NKA alpha 1b during smolt development. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Regish, Amy M.; Christensen, Arne K.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.; Christensen, Arne K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bjoernsson, Bjoern Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu OI Christensen, Arne/0000-0002-5139-3479; Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35206-18782] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2008-35206-18782 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 56 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 216 IS 7 BP 1142 EP 1151 DI 10.1242/jeb.080440 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 106BC UT WOS:000316115400011 PM 23487266 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Powell, LA Pope, KL AF Martin, Dustin R. Powell, Larkin A. Pope, Kevin L. TI Habitat selection by adult walleye during spawning season in irrigation reservoirs: a patch occupancy modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Sander vitreus; Detection probability; Occupancy probability; Habitat improvement ID LAKE; TRIBUTARY; RATES AB Recruitment of walleye (Sander vitreus Mitchill) is limited in irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River basin in southwestern Nebraska. The causal mechanism for this limited recruitment is unknown, but may be related to a lack of suitable spawning habitat. Patch occupancy models were developed to describe variation in detection probability and habitat selection during spawning season using shoreline electrofishing data. Detection of adult walleye was negatively affected by water temperature, silt substrate, and woody cover. Adult walleye selected sites with cooler water temperatures and greater fetch at Enders Reservoir, and large rock substrate and no cover at Hugh Butler Lake; these characteristics are limited to areas on or near the riprap dams in both reservoirs. Walleye eggs were also only found in these areas. We conclude that patch occupancy modeling provided valuable information when considering habitat improvement projects and propose a management approach for the addition of walleye spawning habitat in irrigation reservoirs. C1 [Martin, Dustin R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Martin, Dustin R.; Powell, Larkin A.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 013 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-174-R]; Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish; Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Chris Lewis and many volunteers for assistance with field work. We also thank Mark Fincel and Mark Pegg for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-174-R, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. LAP's contribution was supported by Hatch Act funds through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or any U.S. Government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9939-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099BW UT WOS:000315595200001 ER PT J AU Murrow, JL Thatcher, CA van Manen, FT Clark, JD AF Murrow, Jennifer L. Thatcher, Cindy A. van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. TI A Data-Based Conservation Planning Tool for Florida Panthers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Puma concolor coryi; Florida panther; Habitat model; Mahalanobis distance ID HOME-RANGE ANALYSIS; HABITAT USE; MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE; LOCATION ERROR; MODEL; ESTIMATORS; WILDLIFE; SYSTEM; SIZE; GIS AB Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). We developed a data-based habitat model and user-friendly interface so that land managers can objectively evaluate Florida panther habitat. We used a geographic information system (GIS) and the Mahalanobis distance statistic (D (2)) to develop a model based on broad-scale landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. Variables in our model were Euclidean distance to natural land cover, road density, distance to major roads, human density, amount of natural land cover, amount of semi-natural land cover, amount of permanent or semi-permanent flooded area-open water, and a cost-distance variable. We then developed a Florida Panther Habitat Estimator tool, which automates and replicates the GIS processes used to apply the statistical habitat model. The estimator can be used by persons with moderate GIS skills to quantify effects of land-use changes on panther habitat at local and landscape scales. Example applications of the tool are presented. C1 [Murrow, Jennifer L.; Thatcher, Cindy A.; van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, US Geol Survey, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jclark1@utk.edu OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey. We thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Park Service for providing telemetry data. We thank Chris Belden of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for his help and support throughout the study. We also thank Jean Freeney of US Geological Survey, National Biological Information Infrastructure, for her assistance. We thank Chris Belden, Cindy Schultz, and Brad Rieck of the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Darrell Land of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; and a number of anonymous reviewers of our final report for providing helpful suggestions and comments on the habitat model. The use of trade names is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the University of Tennessee or the US Geological Survey of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. For further information on the Florida Panther Habitat Estimator, users should contact USFWS, 1339 20th Street, Vero Beach, Florida 32960. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 EI 1573-2967 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD APR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10666-012-9336-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099DR UT WOS:000315600500004 ER PT J AU Sheehan, KR Strager, MP Welsh, SA AF Sheehan, Kenneth R. Strager, Michael P. Welsh, Stuart A. TI Advantages of Geographically Weighted Regression for Modeling Benthic Substrate in Two Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Geographically weighted regression; Ordinary least squares regression; Stream; River; Modeling; Regression fit; Stream management; Stream habitat assessment ID SPATIAL NON-STATIONARITY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; AUTOCORRELATION; CLASSIFICATION; CONSEQUENCES; DYNAMICS AB Stream habitat assessments are commonplace in fish management, and often involve nonspatial analysis methods for quantifying or predicting habitat, such as ordinary least squares regression (OLS). Spatial relationships, however, often exist among stream habitat variables. For example, water depth, water velocity, and benthic substrate sizes within streams are often spatially correlated and may exhibit spatial nonstationarity or inconsistency in geographic space. Thus, analysis methods should address spatial relationships within habitat datasets. In this study, OLS and a recently developed method, geographically weighted regression (GWR), were used to model benthic substrate from water depth and water velocity data at two stream sites within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. For data collection, each site was represented by a grid of 0.1 m(2) cells, where actual values of water depth, water velocity, and benthic substrate class were measured for each cell. Accuracies of regressed substrate class data by OLS and GWR methods were calculated by comparing maps, parameter estimates, and determination coefficient r (2). For analysis of data from both sites, Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for sample size indicated the best approximating model for the data resulted from GWR and not from OLS. Adjusted r (2) values also supported GWR as a better approach than OLS for prediction of substrate. This study supports GWR (a spatial analysis approach) over nonspatial OLS methods for prediction of habitat for stream habitat assessments. C1 [Sheehan, Kenneth R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Strager, Michael P.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sheehan, KR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ken.r.sheehan@gmail.com NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD APR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10666-012-9334-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 099DR UT WOS:000315600500008 ER PT J AU D'Odorico, P He, YF Collins, S De Wekker, SFJ Engel, V Fuentes, JD AF D'Odorico, Paolo He, Yufei Collins, Scott De Wekker, Stephan F. J. Engel, Vic Fuentes, Jose D. TI Vegetation-microclimate feedbacks in woodland-grassland ecotones SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Alternative stable states; ecosystem engineering; mangrove-marsh transition; shrub encroachment; tree line; vegetation-microclimate feedback; woodland-grassland ecotone ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHOTOINHIBITION; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NORWAY SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; OF-MEXICO COAST; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE-LINE; ALPINE-TREELINE; MANGROVE FOREST; BOREAL FOREST AB Aim Climatic conditions exert a strong control on the geographic distribution of many woodland-to-grassland transition zones (or tree lines'). Because woody plants have, in general, a weaker cold tolerance than herbaceous vegetation, their altitudinal or latitudinal limits are strongly controlled by cold sensitivity. While temperature controls on the dynamics of woodlandgrassland ecotones are relatively well established, the ability of woody plants to modify their microclimate and to create habitat for seedling establishment and growth may involve a variety of processes that are still not completely understood. Here we investigate feedbacks between vegetation and microclimatic conditions in the proximity to woodlandgrassland ecotones. Location We concentrate on arctic and alpine tree lines, the transition between mangrove forests and salt marshes in coastal ecosystems, and the shift from shrubland to grassland along temperature gradients in arid landscapes. Methods We review the major abiotic and biotic mechanisms underlying the ability of woody plants to alter the nocturnal microclimate by increasing the temperatures they are exposed to. Results We find that in many arctic, alpine, desert and coastal landscapes the presence of trees or shrubs causes nocturnal warming thereby favouring the establishment and survival of woody plants. Main conclusion Because of this feedback, trees and shrubs may establish in areas that would be otherwise unsuitable for their survival. Thus, in grasslandwoodland transition zones both vegetation covers may be (alternative) stable states of the landscape, thereby affecting the way tree lines may migrate in response to regional and global climate change. C1 [D'Odorico, Paolo; He, Yufei; De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Collins, Scott] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Engel, Vic] South Florida Nat Resource Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. [Engel, Vic] USGS, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP D'Odorico, P (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd,Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM paolo@virginia.edu RI D'Odorico, Paolo/A-5836-2008; Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; De Wekker, Stephan/0000-0002-6343-854X FU [NSF-DEB-0743678]; [NSF-DEB-0620482] FX This research was supported by NSF-DEB-0743678 and the NSF-DEB-0620482 to the University of New Mexico for Long-Term Ecological Research. NR 144 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 19 U2 199 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 364 EP 379 DI 10.1111/geb.12000 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 102RX UT WOS:000315862800001 ER PT J AU Bork, SP Pypker, TG Corace, RG Chimner, RA Maclean, AL Hribljan, JA AF Bork, S. P. Pypker, T. G. Corace, R. G., III Chimner, R. A. Maclean, A. L. Hribljan, J. A. TI A Case Study in Large-scale Wetland Restoration at Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Upper Michigan, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FIRE HISTORY; FEN; FOREST; SEDGE; DECOMPOSITION; REVEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PEATLANDS; SPHAGNUM; RECOVERY AB A large wetland drainage project was initiated in 1912 near the town of Seney, Michigan, U.S.A. This project included the construction of a series of ditches through a large peatland to drain the land for agricultural use. The largest of these ditches was the 35 km long Walsh Ditch. Much of the drained wetland affected by the Walsh Ditch is now managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of Seney National Wildlife Refuge. Between 2002-2003, nine large earthen ditch plugs were installed along a 4.5 km section of the ditch in an attempt to restore the hydrological and ecological integrity of the approximately 1400 ha of wetlands and streams. This study explores the effects that the ditch plugs had on the hydrology and vegetation structure of the adjacent landscape 8y later. Plot level measurements (707 m(2) plots) of hydrology and vegetation, combined with an analysis of land cover change using aerial imagery, indicated that the ditch plugs had been successful in altering the hydrology and vegetation over portions of the area. Mortality of upland tree species more typical of xeric conditions and colonization by typical wetland species indicated that these sites should continue to develop into wetland ecosystems. Land cover change analysis showed an increase in wetland area of 152 ha. The areas of change were concentrated near the plugged ditch and near a large anthropogenic pool. C1 [Bork, S. P.; Pypker, T. G.; Chimner, R. A.; Maclean, A. L.; Hribljan, J. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Corace, R. G., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. RP Pypker, TG (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM tgpypker@mtu.edu FU Michigan Technological University; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Region, Seney NWR FX The mastermind of the Walsh Ditch Project was Michael Tansy (retired). The ditch plugs were not possible without the contribution of Lawrenze Zellar and Terry Papple (both retired). Walt Loope and Angie Lucas collected pretreatment data. The authors appreciate the support of the staff of Seney NWR, especially Mark Vaniman, Greg McClellan, and Laural Tansy. The authors would also like to thank Laura Kangas for her help with data collection, and Dr. Catherine Tarasoff for her editorial comments. We would also like to thank the reviewers and the associate editor for their very helpful comments. Funding for this project was provided by the Michigan Technological University and the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Region, Seney NWR. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 286 EP 302 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900004 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Krapu, GL Cox, RR AF Pearse, Aaron T. Krapu, Gary L. Cox, Robert R., Jr. TI Comparative Spring-Staging Ecology of Sympatric Arctic-Nesting Geese in South-Central Nebraska SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; GREATER SNOW GEESE; PINK-FOOTED GEESE; LESSER SNOW; CANADA GEESE; HABITAT USE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; RAINWATER BASIN; ROSSS GEESE; WATERFOWL AB The Rainwater Basin in Nebraska has been a historic staging area for midcontinent greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) since the 1950s and, in the mid-1990s, millions of midcontinent lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) expanded their spring migration route to include this region. In response to speculation that snow geese may be in direct competition with white-fronted geese, we compared staging ecology by quantifying diet, habitat use, movement patterns, and time budgets during springs 1998-1999. Collected white-fronted geese (n = 190) and snow geese (n = 203) consumed primarily corn (Zea mays; 97-98% aggregate dry mass) while staging in Nebraska; thus, diet overlap was nearly complete. Both species used cornfields most frequently during the morning (54-55%) and wetlands more during the afternoon (51-65%). When found grouped together, snow goose abundance was greater than white-fronted goose abundance by an average of 57 times (SE = 11, n = 131 groups) in crop fields and 28 times (SE = 9, n = 84 groups) in wetlands. Snow geese and white-fronted geese flew similar distances between roosting and feeding sites, leaving and returning to wetland roost sties at similar times in mornings and afternoons. Overlap in habitat-specific time budgets was high; resting was the most common behavior on wetlands, and foraging was a common behavior in fields. We observed 111 interspecific agonistic interactions while observing white-fronted and snow geese. White-fronted geese initiated and dominated more interactions with other waterfowl species than did snow geese (32 vs. 14%). Certain aspects of spring-staging niches (i.e., diet, habitat use, movement patterns, and habitat-specific behavior) of white-fronted and snow geese overlapped greatly at this mid-latitude staging site, creating opportunity for potential food-and habitat-based competition between species. Snow geese did not consistently dominate interactions with white-fronted geese; yet large differences in their numbers coupled with high degrees of spatial, temporal, and ecological overlap support potential for exploitative competition during years when waste corn may be in short supply and dry years when few wetlands are available for staging waterfowl. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Cox, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Rainwater Basin Joint Venture; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District; U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study FX We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District and U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study for funding and in-kind assistance. D. A. Brandt, R. Griebel, G. Knutsen, F. Sargeant, R. Walters and R. Woodward provided assistance during fieldwork. T. G. LaGrange, E. B. Webb, W. C. Conway, and anonymous reviewers provided comments of earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900010 ER PT J AU Goodbred, SL Patino, R Orsak, E Sharma, P Ruessler, S AF Goodbred, Steven L. Patino, Reynaldo Orsak, Erik Sharma, Prakash Ruessler, Shane TI Potential for Bias in Using Hybrids Between Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Endocrine Studies: A First Report of Hybrids in Lake Mead, Nevada, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION; PATTERNS; CROSS AB During a 2008 study to assess endocrine and reproductive health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Mead, Nevada (U.S.A.) we identified two fish, one male and one female, as hybrids with goldfish (Carassius auratus) based on morphology, lateral line scale count, and lack of anterior barbels. Gross examination of the female hybrid ovaries indicated presence of vitellogenic ovarian follicles; whereas histological evaluation of the male hybrid testes showed lobule-like structures with open lumens but without germ cells, suggesting it was sterile. Because common carp/goldfish hybrids are more susceptible to gonadal tumors and may have different endocrine profiles than common carp, researchers using common carp as a model for endocrine/reproductive studies should be aware of the possible presence of hybrids. C1 [Goodbred, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Orsak, Erik] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. [Sharma, Prakash] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sharma, Prakash] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Ruessler, Shane] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Goodbred, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, High Point, NC 27262 USA. EM sgoodbred@usgs.gov FU Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act; U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding for this study was provided in part by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. We appreciate the help and assistance of the Lake Mead National Recreation Area staff and the National Park Service. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2013 VL 169 IS 2 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1VU UT WOS:000338206900016 ER PT J AU Colverson, P Denny, C Craig, T Menges, ES McAllister, SW Smith, SA Klopf, R Zupko, GM Evans, C Shimp, J Frey, MN AF Colverson, Peter Denny, Christine Craig, Timothy Menges, Eric S. McAllister, Steven W. Smith, Stacy A. Klopf, Ryan Zupko, G. Michael, IV Evans, Chris Shimp, Jody Frey, Mark N. TI 39th Annual Natural Areas Conference October 9-12, 2012 Norfolk, Virginia Conference Proceedings of Oral and Poster Presentation Abstracts Abstracts SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Colverson, Peter; Denny, Christine] Normandeau Associates, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Craig, Timothy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Suffolk, VA 23434 USA. [Menges, Eric S.; McAllister, Steven W.; Smith, Stacy A.] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA. [Klopf, Ryan] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Nat Heritage, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. [Zupko, G. Michael, IV] South Governors Assoc, Monroe, GA 30655 USA. [Evans, Chris; Shimp, Jody] Shawnee RC&D, Benton, IL 62812 USA. [Frey, Mark N.] Ctr Urban Ecol, Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Colverson, P (reprint author), Normandeau Associates, 102 NE 10th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM pcolverson@normandeau.com; Tim_craig@fws.gov; emenges@archbold-station.org; ryan.klopf@dcr.virginia.gov; mike@zup-co-inc.com; rivertoriver@gmail.com; Mark_Frey@nps.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 EI 2162-4399 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 238 EP 251 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AQ5UW UT WOS:000342875100013 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Maichak, EJ Brennan, A Scurlock, BM Henningsen, J Luikart, G AF Cross, P. C. Maichak, E. J. Brennan, A. Scurlock, B. M. Henningsen, J. Luikart, G. TI An ecological perspective on Brucella abortus in the western United States SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Bison; Brucella abortus; Ecology; Elk; Habitat modification; Scavenger; United States; Vaccination; Yellowstone ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; FREE-RANGING ELK; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; POPULATION BIOLOGY; NATIONAL-PARK; GROUP-SIZE; BISON; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION; RISK AB After a hiatus during the 1990s, outbreaks of Brucella abortus in cattle are occurring more frequently in some of the western states of the United States, namely, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. This increase is coincident with increasing brucellosis seroprevalence in elk (Cervus elaphus), which is correlated with elk density. Vaccines are a seductive solution, but their use in wildlife systems remains limited by logistical, financial, and scientific constraints. Cattle vaccination is ongoing in the region. Livestock regulations, however, tend to be based on serological tests that test for previous exposure and available vaccines do not protect against seroconversion. The authors review recent ecological studies of brucellosis, with particular emphasis on the Greater Yellowstone Area, and highlight the management options and implications of this work, including the potential utility of habitat modifications and targeted hunts, as well as scavengers and predators. Finally, the authors discuss future research directions that will help us to understand and manage brucellosis in wildlife. C1 [Cross, P. C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Maichak, E. J.; Scurlock, B. M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [Brennan, A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Henningsen, J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Poison, MT 59860 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, a National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health 'Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant' [DEB-1067129]; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; United States Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, a National Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health 'Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant' (DEB-1067129), the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. M. Ebinger assisted with the figures. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 29 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AI4ZI UT WOS:000336874800009 PM 23837367 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NM Maksimovic, V Maksimovic, JD Orem, WH Tatu, CA Lerch, HE Bunnell, JE Kostic, EN Szilagyi, DN Paunescu, V AF Pavlovic, Nikola M. Maksimovic, Vuk Maksimovic, Jelena Dragisic Orem, William H. Tatu, Calin A. Lerch, Harry E. Bunnell, Joseph E. Kostic, Emina N. Szilagyi, Diana N. Paunescu, Virgil TI Possible health impacts of naturally occurring uptake of aristolochic acids by maize and cucumber roots: links to the etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Aristolochia; Aristolochic acid; Balkan endemic nephropathy; Roots; Maize; Cucumber; Uptake; Soil; Contamination; Biogeochemistry ID CHINESE HERBS NEPHROPATHY; DNA-ADDUCTS; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; SWALLOWTAIL; COAL AB Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic derivatives found in several Aristolochia species. To date, the toxicity of AAs has been inferred only from the effects observed in patients suffering from a kidney disease called "aristolochic acid nephropathy" (AAN, formerly known as "Chinese herbs nephropathy"). More recently, the chronic poisoning with Aristolochia seeds has been considered to be the main cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy, another form of chronic renal failure resembling AAN. So far, it was assumed that AAs can enter the human food chain only through ethnobotanical use (intentional or accidental) of herbs containing self-produced AAs. We hypothesized that the roots of some crops growing in fields where Aristolochia species grew over several seasons may take up certain amounts of AAs from the soil, and thus become a secondary source of food poisoning. To verify this possibility, maize plant (Zea mays) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were used as a model to substantiate the possible significance of naturally occurring AAs' root uptake in food chain contamination. This study showed that the roots of maize plant and cucumber are capable of absorbing AAs from nutrient solution, consequently producing strong peaks on ultraviolet HPLC chromatograms of plant extracts. This uptake resulted in even higher concentrations of AAs in the roots compared to the nutrient solutions. To further validate the measurement of AA content in the root material, we also measured their concentrations in nutrient solutions before and after the plant treatment. Decreased concentrations of both AAI and AAII were found in nutrient solutions after plant growth. During this short-term experiment, there were much lower concentrations of AAs in the leaves than in the roots. The question is whether these plants are capable of transferring significant amounts of AAs from the roots into edible parts of the plant during prolonged experiments. C1 [Pavlovic, Nikola M.] Univ Nis, Fac Med, Inst Biomed Res, Nish, Serbia. [Maksimovic, Vuk; Maksimovic, Jelena Dragisic] Inst Multidisciplinary Res, Belgrade 11030, Serbia. [Orem, William H.; Tatu, Calin A.; Lerch, Harry E.; Bunnell, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tatu, Calin A.] Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Biol, Timisoara 300708, Romania. [Kostic, Emina N.] Ctr Clin, Clin Nephrol, Nish, Serbia. [Szilagyi, Diana N.] Emergency Cty Hosp, Dept Pathol, Timisoara, Romania. [Paunescu, Virgil] Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Immunol, Timisoara, Romania. RP Tatu, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nikpavster@gmail.com; maxivuk@cms.bg.ac.yu; draxy@cms.bg.ac.yu; borem@usgs.gov; geomed88@gmail.com; tlerch@usgs.gov; jbunnell@usgs.gov; nmp01@ptt.yu; diana_szilagyi@yahoo.com; vpaunescu@presidency.ro OI Dragisic Maksimovic, Jelena/0000-0002-2943-289X; Maksimovic, Vuk/0000-0002-9883-186X FU Serbian Ministry of Science [143020B]; US Geological Survey (Reston, VA, USA); University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; NATO (CLG grant) [980104] FX This work was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science (grant 143020B). All the experiments were performed on equipment provided by the Institute for Multidisciplinary Research and Serbian Ministry of Science. Part of this work was supported by grants from the US Geological Survey (Reston, VA, USA), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, and NATO (CLG grant # 980104). NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD APR PY 2013 VL 35 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10653-012-9477-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 099CM UT WOS:000315596900005 PM 22851152 ER PT J AU Pawlewicz, M Hackley, PC AF Pawlewicz, Mark Hackley, Paul C. TI Special Issue Advances in Organic Petrology Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pawlewicz, Mark] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Pawlewicz, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pawlewicz@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2013 VL 108 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.09.007 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 110GD UT WOS:000316429700001 ER PT J AU Ji, KH Herring, TA Llenos, AL AF Ji, Kang Hyeun Herring, Thomas A. Llenos, Andrea L. TI Near real-time monitoring of volcanic surface deformation from GPS measurements at Long Valley Caldera, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; STRESS; MODELS; UNREST; INSAR AB Long Valley Caldera in eastern California is an active volcanic area and has shown continued unrest in the last three decades. We have monitored surface deformation from Global Positioning System (GPS) data by using a projection method that we call Targeted Projection Operator (TPO). TPO projects residual time series with secular rates and periodic terms removed onto a predefined spatial pattern. We used the 2009-2010 slow deflation as a target spatial pattern. The resulting TPO time series shows a detailed deformation history including the 2007-2009 inflation, the 2009-2010 deflation, and a recent inflation that started in late-2011 and is continuing at the present time (November 2012). The recent inflation event is about four times faster than the previous 2007-2009 event. A Mogi source of the recent event is located beneath the resurgent dome at about 6.6 km depth at a rate of 0.009 km(3)/yr volume change. TPO is simple and fast and can provide a near real-time continuous monitoring tool without directly looking at all the data from many GPS sites in this potentially eruptive volcanic system. C1 [Ji, Kang Hyeun; Herring, Thomas A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Llenos, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ji, KH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM khji@mit.edu OI Llenos, Andrea/0000-0002-4088-6737 FU NSF [EAR-0734947-03, EAR-0529922]; NASA [NNX009AK68G]; Southern California Earthquake Center FX We thank John Langbein, David Hill, Andy Michael, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which improved this paper. This work was supported by NSF EAR-0734947-03, NASA NNX009AK68G, and the Southern California Earthquake Center and NSF cooperative agreement EAR-0529922. Figures were created by using the Generic Mapping Tools [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1002/grl.50258 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148AY UT WOS:000319215700006 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Thomas, JN AF Love, Jeffrey J. Thomas, Jeremy N. TI Insignificant solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUNSPOT; STORMS AB We examine the claim that solar-terrestrial interaction, as measured by sunspots, solar wind velocity, and geomagnetic activity, might play a role in triggering earthquakes. We count the number of earthquakes having magnitudes that exceed chosen thresholds in calendar years, months, and days, and we order these counts by the corresponding rank of annual, monthly, and daily averages of the solar-terrestrial variables. We measure the statistical significance of the difference between the earthquake-number distributions below and above the median of the solar-terrestrial averages by chi(2) and Student's t tests. Across a range of earthquake magnitude thresholds, we find no consistent and statistically significant distributional differences. We also introduce time lags between the solar-terrestrial variables and the number of earthquakes, but again no statistically significant distributional difference is found. We cannot reject the null hypothesis of no solar-terrestrial triggering of earthquakes. C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.] USGS Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Northwest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Digipen Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Redmond, WA USA. [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), USGS Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046 MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 FU USGS Geomagnetism Program; Universite Paris Diderot; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program [G11AP20177] FX We thank G. Anagnostopoulos, C. A. Finn, F. Mulargia, D. M. Perkins, E. J. Rigler, and an anonymous person for reviewing the draft manuscript. We thank A. J. Michael for providing his aftershock-declustered earthquake list. This work was supported by the USGS Geomagnetism Program. J. J. Love was supported by the Universite Paris Diderot during his October 2012 visit of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris. J. N. Thomas was supported by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, external research grant G11AP20177. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1170 DI 10.1002/grl.50211 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148AY UT WOS:000319215700027 ER PT J AU van Dongen, WFD White, J Brandl, HB Moodley, Y Merkling, T Leclaire, S Blanchard, P Danchin, E Hatch, SA Wagner, RH AF van Dongen, Wouter F. D. White, Joel Brandl, Hanja B. Moodley, Yoshan Merkling, Thomas Leclaire, Sarah Blanchard, Pierrick Danchin, Etienne Hatch, Scott A. Wagner, Richard H. TI Age-related differences in the cloacal microbiota of a wild bird species SO BMC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Age-differences; Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis; Bacteria; Black-legged kittiwakes; Cloaca; Gastrointestinal tract ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GUT MICROBIOTA; BROILER-CHICKENS; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ACQUISITION; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS AB Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria play a central role in the health of animals. The bacteria that individuals acquire as they age may therefore have profound consequences for their future fitness. However, changes in microbial community structure with host age remain poorly understood. We characterised the cloacal bacteria assemblages of chicks and adults in a natural population of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), using molecular methods. Results: We show that the kittiwake cloaca hosts a diverse assemblage of bacteria. A greater number of total bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified in chicks than adults, and chicks appeared to host a greater number of OTUs that were only isolated from single individuals. In contrast, the number of bacteria identified per individual was higher in adults than chicks, while older chicks hosted more OTUs than younger chicks. Finally, chicks and adults shared only seven OTUs, resulting in pronounced differences in microbial assemblages. This result is surprising given that adults regurgitate food to chicks and share the same nesting environment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that chick gastrointestinal tracts are colonised by many transient species and that bacterial assemblages gradually transition to a more stable adult state. Phenotypic differences between chicks and adults may lead to these strong differences in bacterial communities. These data provide the framework for future studies targeting the causes and consequences of variation in bacterial assemblages in wild birds. C1 [van Dongen, Wouter F. D.; White, Joel; Brandl, Hanja B.; Moodley, Yoshan; Wagner, Richard H.] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. [White, Joel; Merkling, Thomas; Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] CNRS UPS ENFA, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol EDB, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP van Dongen, WFD (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Vienna, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Savoyenstr 1A, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. EM wouter.v.dongen@gmail.com RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; MERKLING, Thomas/F-4190-2011; van Dongen, Wouter/L-1552-2014 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; van Dongen, Wouter/0000-0001-5007-3257 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program) [1162]; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) Project [20401] FX We thank Francois Bailly for field assistance, Florian Sammer for assistance with molecular work, Anne Hloch for assistance creating the figures and Andrew Ramey for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Experiments were carried out in accordance with United States' laws and under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. Field data collection was financed by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV, program 1162). This laboratory component of this study was supported by the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) Project 20401 to RHW. The lab EDB, which hosts five of the co-authors (JW, TM, SL, PB and ED) is part of the "Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX)" entitled TULIP (ANR -10-LABX-41). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 59 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6785 J9 BMC ECOL JI BMC Ecol. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 13 AR UNSP 11 DI 10.1186/1472-6785-13-11 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 154LN UT WOS:000319676900001 PM 23531085 ER PT J AU Gohar, AA Ward, FA Amer, SA AF Gohar, Abdelaziz A. Ward, Frank A. Amer, Saud A. TI Economic performance of water storage capacity expansion for food security SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE River basin; Food security; Storage; Policy ID RIVER-BASIN; AFGHANISTAN; IRRIGATION; CONSTRUCTION; CHALLENGES; RESERVOIRS; EFFICIENCY; COST AB Continued climate variability, population growth, and rising food prices present ongoing challenges for achieving food and water security in poor countries that lack adequate water infrastructure. Undeveloped storage infrastructure presents a special challenge in northern Afghanistan, where food security is undermined by highly variable water supplies, inefficient water allocation rules, and a damaged irrigation system due three decades of war and conflict. Little peer-reviewed research to date has analyzed the economic benefits of water storage capacity expansions as a mechanism to sustain food security over long periods of variable climate and growing food demands needed to feed growing populations. This paper develops and applies an integrated water resources management framework that analyzes impacts of storage capacity expansions for sustaining farm income and food security in the face of highly fluctuating water supplies. Findings illustrate that in Afghanistan's Balkh Basin, total farm income and food security from crop irrigation increase, but at a declining rate as water storage capacity increases from zero to an amount equal to six times the basin's long term water supply. Total farm income increases by 21%, 41%, and 42% for small, medium, and large reservoir capacity, respectively, compared to the existing irrigation system unassisted by reservoir storage capacity. Results provide a framework to target water infrastructure investments that improve food security for river basins in the world's dry regions with low existing storage capacity that face ongoing climate variability and increased demands for food security for growing populations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.; Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gohar, Abdelaziz A.] South Valley Univ, Qena, Egypt. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ward, FA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zizo_1800@yahoo.com; fward@nmsu.edu; samer@usgs.gov FU New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station; US Geological Survey International Division FX The authors gratefully acknowledge generous financial support from the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the US Geological Survey International Division. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 484 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 124HA UT WOS:000317453200002 ER PT J AU Torregrosa, A Taylor, MD Flint, LE Flint, AL AF Torregrosa, Alicia Taylor, Maxwell D. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Alan L. TI Present, Future, and Novel Bioclimates of the San Francisco, California Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system for the end of the 20th century climatology (1971-2000) and end of the 21st century climatology (2070-2099) using two models, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model and the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), under the medium-high A2 emission scenario. The digitally mapped results were used to 1) assess the relative redistribution of isobioclimates and their magnitude of change, 2) quantify the loss of isobioclimates into the future, 3) identify and locate novel isobioclimates projected to appear, and 4) explore compositional change in vegetation types among analog isobioclimate patches. This study used downscaled climate variables to map the isobioclimates at a fine spatial resolution -270 m grid cells. Common to both models of future climate was a large change in thermotype. Changes in ombrotype differed among the two models. The end of 20th century climatology has 83 isobioclimates covering the 63,000 km(2) study area. In both future projections 51 of those isobioclimates disappear over 40,000 km(2). The ordination of vegetation-bioclimate relationships shows very strong correlation of Rivas-Martinez indices with vegetation distribution and composition. Comparisons of vegetation composition among analog patches suggest that vegetation change will be a local rearrangement of species already in place rather than one requiring long distance dispersal. The digitally mapped results facilitate comparison with other Mediterranean regions. Major remaining challenges include predicting vegetation composition of novel isobioclimates and developing metrics to compare differences in climate space. C1 [Torregrosa, Alicia; Taylor, Maxwell D.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flint, Lorraine E.; Flint, Alan L.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Torregrosa, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM atorregrosa@usgs.gov OI Torregrosa, Alicia/0000-0001-7361-2241 FU US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Land Change Science Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58450 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058450 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125SW UT WOS:000317562600023 PM 23526985 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Williams, KH Campbell, KM Long, PE Stubbs, JE Suvorova, EI Lezama-Pacheco, JS Alessi, DS Stylo, M Webb, SM Davis, JA Giammar, DE Blue, LY Bernier-Latmani, R AF Bargar, John R. Williams, Kenneth H. Campbell, Kate M. Long, Philip E. Stubbs, Joanne E. Suvorova, Elenal I. Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Alessi, Daniel S. Stylo, Malgorzata Webb, Samuel M. Davis, James A. Giammar, Daniel E. Blue, Lisa Y. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan TI Uranium redox transition pathways in acetate-amended sediments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE metal reduction; roll front; sulfate reduction; sulfide; bioreduction ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; ORE-FORMING PROCESSES; NW CHINA; U(VI) REDUCTION; OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE RATIOS; U-DEPOSIT AB Redox transitions of uranium [from U(VI) to U(IV)] in low-temperature sediments govern the mobility of uranium in the environment and the accumulation of uranium in ore bodies, and inform our understanding of Earth's geochemical history. The molecular-scale mechanistic pathways of these transitions determine the U(IV) products formed, thus influencing uranium isotope fractionation, reoxidation, and transport in sediments. Studies that improve our understanding of these pathways have the potential to substantially advance process understanding across a number of earth sciences disciplines. Detailed mechanistic information regarding uranium redox transitions in field sediments is largely nonexistent, owing to the difficulty of directly observing molecular-scale processes in the subsurface and the compositional/physical complexity of subsurface systems. Here, we present results from an in situ study of uranium redox transitions occurring in aquifer sediments under sulfate-reducing conditions. Based on molecular-scale spectroscopic, pore-scale geochemical, and macroscale aqueous evidence, we propose a biotic-abiotic transition pathway in which biomass-hosted mackinawite (FeS) is an electron source to reduce U(VI) to U(IV), which subsequently reacts with biomass to produce monomeric U(IV) species. A species resembling nanoscale uraninite is also present, implying the operation of at least two redox transition pathways. The presence of multiple pathways in low-temperature sediments unifies apparently contrasting prior observations and helps to explain sustained uranium reduction under disparate biogeochemical conditions. These findings have direct implications for our understanding of uranium bioremediation, ore formation, and global geochemical processes. C1 [Bargar, John R.; Stubbs, Joanne E.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Webb, Samuel M.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Williams, Kenneth H.; Long, Philip E.; Davis, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Suvorova, Elenal I.; Alessi, Daniel S.; Stylo, Malgorzata; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Giammar, Daniel E.; Blue, Lisa Y.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013; Davis, James/G-2788-2015; OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009; Alessi, Daniel/0000-0002-8360-8251 FU Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Geological Survey National Research Council Fellowship; Swiss National Science Foundation [20021-113784, 200020-126821]; Marie Curie Program Grant [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-254143]; DOE-SC-BER; National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393]; NIH-National Center for Research Resources [P41RR001209] FX We thank Kate Maher, Ed Landa, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and comments. Work at SLAC (Work Package 10094), the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Additional support was provided by a US Geological Survey National Research Council Fellowship (to K.M.C.), Swiss National Science Foundation Grants 20021-113784 and 200020-126821 (to M.S. and D.S.A.), and Marie Curie Program Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-254143 (to D.S.A.). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) is a DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility operated by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by DOE-SC-BER, and by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including Grant P41GM103393) and NIH-National Center for Research Resources (Grant P41RR001209). NR 78 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 149 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 12 BP 4506 EP 4511 DI 10.1073/pnas.1219198110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125EK UT WOS:000317521600030 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI A Review of Selected Inorganic Surface Water Quality-Monitoring Practices: Are We Really Measuring What We Think, and If So, Are We Doing It Right? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESTIMATING SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; FRESH-WATER; TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENTS; METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; GEOCHEMICAL-EXPLORATION; FILTRATION ARTIFACTS AB Successful environmental/water quality-monitoring programs usually require a balance between analytical capabilities, the collection and preservation of representative samples, and available financial/personnel resources. Due to current economic conditions, monitoring programs are under increasing pressure to do more with less. Hence, a review of current sampling and analytical methodologies, and some of the underlying assumptions that form the bases for these programs seems appropriate, to see if they are achieving their intended objectives within acceptable error limits and/or measurement uncertainty, in a cost-effective manner. That evaluation appears to indicate that several common sampling/processing/analytical procedures (e.g., dip (point) samples/measurements, nitrogen determinations, total recoverable analytical procedures) are generating biased or nonrepresentative data, and that some of the underlying assumptions relative to current programs, such as calendar-based sampling and stationarity are no longer defensible. The extensive use of statistical models as well as surrogates (e.g., turbidity) also needs to be re-examined because the hydrologic interrelationships that support their use tend to be dynamic rather than static. As a result, a number of monitoring programs may need redesigning, some sampling and analytical procedures may need to be updated, and model/surrogate interrelationships may require recalibration. C1 [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Suite 500 1770 Corp Dr, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 164 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2471 EP 2486 DI 10.1021/es304058q PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000007 PM 23406404 ER PT J AU Chun, CL Ochsner, U Byappanahalli, MN Whitman, RL Tepp, WH Lin, GY Johnson, EA Peller, J Sadowsky, MJ AF Chun, Chan Lan Ochsner, Urs Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. Whitman, Richard L. Tepp, William H. Lin, Guangyun Johnson, Eric A. Peller, Julie Sadowsky, Michael J. TI Association of Toxin-Producing Clostridium botulinum with the Macroalga Cladophora in the Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVIAN BOTULISM; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FISH; ERIE; CHLOROPHYTA; COMMUNITIES; NEUROTOXIN; GLOMERATA; MICHIGAN AB Avian botulism, a paralytic disease of birds, often occurs on a yearly cycle and is increasingly becoming more common in the Great Lakes. Outbreaks are caused by bird ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, a spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobe. The nuisance, macrophytic, green alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta; mostly Cladophora glomerata L.) is a potential habitat for the growth of C. botulinum. A high incidence of botulism in shoreline birds at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE) in Lake Michigan coincides with increasingly massive accumulations of Cladophora in nearshore waters. In this study, free-floating algal mats were collected from SLBE and other shorelines of the Great Lakes between June and October 2011. The abundance of C. botulinum in algal mats was quantified and the type of botulism neurotoxin (bont) genes associated with this organism were determined by using most-probable-number PCR (MPN-PCR) and five distinct bont gene-specific primers (A, B, C, E, and F). The MPN-PCR results showed that 16 of 22 (73%) algal mats from the SLBE and 23 of 31(74%) algal mats from other shorelines of the Great Lakes contained the bont type E (bont/E) gene. C. botulinum was present up to 15 000 MPN per gram dried algae based on gene copies of bont/E. In addition, genes for bont/A and bont/B, which are commonly associated with human diseases, were detected in a few algal samples. Moreover, C. botulinum was present as vegetative cells rather than as dormant spores in Cladophora mats. Mouse toxin assays done using supernatants from enrichment of Cladophora containing high densities of C. botulinum (>1000 MPN/g dried algae) showed that Cladophora-borne C. botulinum were toxin-producing species (BoNT/E). Our results indicate that Cladophora provides a habitat for C. botulinum, warranting additional studies to better understand the relationship between this bacterium and the alga, and how this interaction potentially contributes to botulism outbreaks in birds. C1 [Chun, Chan Lan; Ochsner, Urs; Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, BioTechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Tepp, William H.; Lin, Guangyun; Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sadowsky, Michael J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Peller, Julie] Indiana Univ Northwest, Dept Chem, Gary, IN 46408 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, BioTechnol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sadowsky@umn.edu RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016; OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781; Chun, Chanlan/0000-0002-9765-8663 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPAR5-GL2010-1] FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAR5-GL2010-1).We thank Steve Yancho, Chris Otto, and Emily Kobernik (SLBE); Stephan Kurdas and Julie Kinzelman (City of Racine, WI); Karen Terbush, Jay G. Bailey, Jeff Meyer (Hamlin Beach State Park, NY); Dawn Shively (USGS, Great Lakes Science Center); and Greg Kleinheinz, Kimberly Busse, and Brooke Jansen (U. of Wisconsin-Oshkosh) for providing Cladophora mat samples and beach conditions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This article is Contribution 1735 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2587 EP 2594 DI 10.1021/es304743m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000021 PM 23421373 ER PT J AU Cain, DJ Croteau, MN Fuller, CC AF Cain, Daniel J. Croteau, Marie-Noele Fuller, Christopher C. TI Dietary Bioavailability of Cu Adsorbed to Colloidal Hydrous Ferric Oxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SEDIMENT-BOUND METALS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; TROPHIC TRANSFER; ION-BINDING; FOOD WEBS; BIOACCUMULATION; ASSIMILATION; COLORADO AB The dietary bioavailability of copper (Cu) adsorbed to synthetic colloidal hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was evaluated from the assimilation of Cu-65 by two benthic grazers, a gastropod and a larval mayfly. HFO was synthesized, labeled with Cu-65 to achieve a Cu/Fe ratio comparable to that determined in naturally formed HFO, and then aged. The labeled colloids were mixed with a food source (the diatom Nitzschia palea) to yield dietary Cu-65 concentrations ranging from 211 to 2204 nmol/g (dry weight). Animals were pulse fed the contaminated diet and assimilation of Cu-65 from HFO was determined following 1-3 days of depuration. Mass transfer of Cu-65 from HFO to the diatom was less than 1%, indicating that HFO was the source of Cu-65 to the grazers. Estimates of assimilation efficiency indicated that the majority of Cu ingested as HFO was assimilated (values >70%), implying that colloidal HFO potentially represents a source of dietary Cu to benthic grazers, especially where there is active formation and infiltration of these particles into benthic substrates. C1 [Cain, Daniel J.; Croteau, Marie-Noele; Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Cain, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. EM djcain@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074; Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 FU National Research Program; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was supported by the National Research Program and the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Brent Topping kindly performed the DOC analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2869 EP 2876 DI 10.1021/es3044856 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000056 PM 23402601 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI The identity of the enigmatic "Black Shrew" (Sorex niger Ord, 1815) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Eulipotyphla; Guthrie's Geography; nomenclature; Soricidae; Soricomorpha; Suncus montanus; taxonomy; Zoology of North America AB The scientific name Sorex niger Ord, 1815 (Mammalia, Soricidae) was originally applied to a North American species that George Ord called the "Black Shrew." The origin of the name "Black Shrew," however, was obscure, and Samuel Rhoads subsequently wrote that the species represented by this name could not be determined The names Sorex niger Ord and Black, Shrew have since been mostly forgotten. Two of Ord's contemporaries, however, noted that Ord's use of these names probably alluded to Benjamin Smith Barton's Black Shrew, whose discovery near Philadelphia was announced by Barton in 1806. Examination of two unpublished illustrations of the Black Shrew made by Barton indicates that the animal depicted is Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1822). Had the connection between Ord's and Barton's names been made more clearly, one of the most common mammals in eastern North America would bear a different scientific name today. This connection also would have affected the validity of Sorex niger Horsfield, 1851. While Sorex niger Ord remains a nomen nudum, the animal it referenced can now be identified. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 114AX UT WOS:000316713400001 ER PT J AU Cardwell, MD Gotte, SW McDiarmid, RW Gilmore, N Poindexter, JA AF Cardwell, Michael D. Gotte, Steve W. McDiarmid, Roy W. Gilmore, Ned Poindexter, James A., II TI Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cope; Kennicott; Klauber; Mohave rattlesnake; Mojave rattlesnake; type locality AB The original description of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) was published in 1861 by Robert Kennicott, who did not identify a type specimen or a type locality. We review the history of specimens purported to be the type(s) and various designations of type locality. We provide evidence that ANSP 7069 (formerly one of two specimens of USNM 5027) is the holotype and that the appropriate type locality is Fort Buchanan, near present-day Sonoita, in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. C1 [Cardwell, Michael D.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Gotte, Steve W.; Poindexter, James A., II] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Museum Support Ctr, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [McDiarmid, Roy W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gilmore, Ned] Natl Acad Sci, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Cardwell, MD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mikecardwell@comcast.net NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 126 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 114AX UT WOS:000316713400002 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Helmberger, D Owen, S Graves, RW Hudnut, KW Fielding, EJ AF Wei, Shengji Helmberger, Don Owen, Susan Graves, Robert W. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Fielding, Eric J. TI Complementary slip distributions of the largest earthquakes in the 2012 Brawley swarm, Imperial Valley, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brawley Earthquake Swarm Imperial Valley; high-rate GPS; geothermal; strong motion ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MODEL; FAULT; EVENTS AB We investigate the finite rupture processes of two M>5 earthquakes in the 2012 Brawley swarm by joint inversion of nearby strong motion and high-rate GPS data. Waveform inversions up to 3 Hz were made possible by using a small event (Mw3.9) for path calibration of the velocity structure. Our results indicate that the first (Mw5.3) event ruptured a strong, concentrated asperity with offsets of similar to 20 cm centered at a depth of 5 km. The subsequent Mw5.4 event occurred 1.5 h later with a shallower slip distribution that surrounds and is complementary to that of the earlier event. The second event has a longer rise time and weaker high-frequency energy release compared to the Mw5.3 event. Both events display strong rupture directivity toward the southwest and lack of very shallow (<2 km) coseismic slip. The hypocenters for these events appear to be near or in the bedrock, but most of the slip is distributed at shallower depths (<6 km) and can explain a large part of the GPS offsets for the swarm. The complementary slip distributions of the two events suggest a triggering relationship between them with no significant creep needed to explain the various data sets. C1 [Wei, Shengji; Helmberger, Don] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Owen, Susan; Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Graves, Robert W.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Wei, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM shjwei@gmail.com RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067 FU USGS [G12AP20072]; Caltech Tectonics Observatory FX The strong motion data were downloaded from the Southern California Seismic Network and USGS. The original TerraSAR-X data is copyright 2012 by the German space agency DLR, provided under the Group on Earth Observation Geohazard Supersite project. Part of this research was supported by the USGS grant G12AP20072, Caltech Tectonics Observatory, NASA Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the JPL, Caltech. The high-rate GPS data were provided by the NSF PBO and archived at UNAVCO. Static offset GPS processing was performed by Jerry Svarc (USGS) and Tom Herring (MIT). The manuscript was improved by the constructive input of Karen Felzer, Gavin Hayes and two anonymous reviewers. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1002/grl.50259 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900009 ER PT J AU Jepsen, SM Voss, CI Walvoord, MA Minsley, BJ Rover, J AF Jepsen, S. M. Voss, C. I. Walvoord, M. A. Minsley, B. J. Rover, J. TI Linkages between lake shrinkage/expansion and sublacustrine permafrost distribution determined from remote sensing of interior Alaska, USA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lake shrinkage; Lake expansion; Permafrost; Taliks ID DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; DEGRADATION; DRAINAGE; CANADA; YUKON AB Linkages between permafrost distribution and lake surface-area changes in cold regions have not been previously examined over a large scale because of the paucity of subsurface permafrost information. Here, a first large-scale examination of these linkages is made over a 5150 km2 area of Yukon Flats, Alaska, USA, by evaluating the relationship between lake surface-area changes during 19792009, derived from Landsat satellite data, and sublacustrine groundwater flow-path connectivity inferred from a pioneering, airborne geophysical survey of permafrost. The results suggest that the shallow (few tens of meters) thaw state of permafrost has more influence than deeper permafrost conditions on the evolving water budgets of lakes on a multidecadal time scale. In the region studied, these key shallow aquifers have high hydraulic conductivity and great spatial variability in thaw state, making groundwater flow and associated lake level evolution particularly sensitive to climate change owing to the close proximity of these aquifers to the atmosphere. C1 [Jepsen, S. M.; Walvoord, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rover, J.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Jepsen, SM (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-403, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM sjepsen@usgs.gov OI Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU USGS; SERDP grant [RC-2111] FX Support for this study was provided by the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program, USGS National Research Program, SERDP grant RC-2111, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Mission Area. Field assistance was provided by Joshua Koch (USGS) and Joshua Rose (FWS). We thank Gary Clow (USGS), Chas Jones (UAF), and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 882 EP 887 DI 10.1002/grl.50187 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900015 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Elias, E List, JH Erikson, LH Barnard, PL AF Hansen, Jeff E. Elias, Edwin List, Jeffrey H. Erikson, Li H. Barnard, Patrick L. TI Tidally influenced alongshore circulation at an inlet-adjacent shoreline SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alongshore momentum balance; Tidal forcing; Alongshore pressure gradient; Radiation stress gradients; Tidal inlet; Tidal pressure gradient ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; MOMENTUM BALANCES; SAND TRANSPORT; WAVES; PATTERNS; FIELD; MODEL AB The contribution of tidal forcing to alongshore circulation inside the surfzone is investigated at a 7 km long sandy beach adjacent to a large tidal inlet. Ocean Beach in San Francisco, CA (USA) is onshore of a similar to 150 km(2) ebb-tidal delta and directly south of the Golden Gate, the sole entrance to San Francisco Bay. Using a coupled flow-wave numerical model, we find that the tides modulate, and in some cases can reverse the direction of, surfzone alongshore flows through two separate mechanisms. First, tidal flow through the inlet results in a barotropic tidal pressure gradient that, when integrated across the surfzone, represents an important contribution to the surfzone alongshore force balance. Even during energetic wave conditions, the tidal pressure gradient can account for more than 30% of the total alongshore pressure gradient (wave and tidal components) and up to 55% during small waves. The wave driven component of the alongshore pressure gradient results from alongshore wave height and corresponding setup gradients induced by refraction over the ebb-tidal delta. Second, wave refraction patterns over the inner shelf are tidally modulated as a result of both tidal water depth changes and strong tidal flows (similar to 1 m/s), with the effect from currents being larger. These tidally induced changes in wave refraction result in corresponding variability of the alongshore radiation stress and pressure gradients within the surfzone. Our results indicate that tidal contributions to the surfzone force balance can be significant and important in determining the direction and magnitude of alongshore flow. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Jeff E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hansen, Jeff E.; Elias, Edwin; Erikson, Li H.; Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Elias, Edwin] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [List, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 55,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jhansen@whoi.edu RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014 OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We thank Alex Apotsos and Joe Long for reviewing an initial draft of this manuscript as well as two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.017 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400003 ER PT J AU Moskalski, SM Torres, R Bizimis, M Goni, M Bergamaschi, B Fleck, J AF Moskalski, Susanne M. Torres, Raymond Bizimis, Michael Goni, Miguel Bergamaschi, Brian Fleck, Jacob TI Low-tide rainfall effects on metal content of suspended sediment in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE San Francisco Bay; Marsh; Metals; Rain; Suspended sediment; Intertidal ID FRANCISCO-BAY ESTUARY; SALT-MARSH; TRACE-METALS; LEAD CONTAMINATION; EROSION THRESHOLD; HISTORICAL TRENDS; TIME SCALES; PORE WATERS; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT AB Rain falling at or near low tide is capable of eroding and transporting cohesive sediment from intertidal areas. Given that metals adsorb strongly to silt- and clay-sized particles, it is conceivable that low-tide rainfall may also liberate previously-deposited metals from storage in intertidal sediment. To investigate the potential for rainfall as an agent of remobilization, this study tested the hypothesis that suspended sediment in a tidal creek during low tide rainfall events contains different suites of adsorbed metals than during wind-only events and fair weather days. Water samples were collected during low-tide rain events in winter and wind resuspension events in summer. The concentrations of suspended sediment, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and the total adsorbed concentration (g L-1) of most metals were higher for a low-tide rainfall event than during wind-only and fair-weather conditions. Metal contents (g g(-1)) were also greater during the rain event for most metals. Principal components analysis and relationships between metal content and suspended sediment concentration suggest that rainfall during low tide can mobilize a different source of sediment than wind-wave resuspension and regular tidal action. The metal content of bulk sediment samples from around the study area could not be matched satisfactorily to the suspended sediment in any of the events. This implies that bulk sediment composition should not be used to extrapolate to suspended sediment composition in terms of adsorbed metal content. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moskalski, Susanne M.; Torres, Raymond; Bizimis, Michael] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Goni, Miguel] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian; Fleck, Jacob] Calif State Univ Sacramento, USGS Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Moskalski, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 701 Sumter St EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM smoskalski@gmail.com; torres@geol.sc.edu; mbizimis@geol.sc.edu; mgoni@coas.oregonstate.edu; bbergama@usgs.gov; jafleck@usgs.gov RI Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014; OI Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Bizimis, Michael/0000-0002-4611-6928 FU California Water Policy Council and Federal Ecosystem Directorate (CALFED) [1052] FX This study was funded under award # 1052 from the California Water Policy Council and Federal Ecosystem Directorate (CALFED). The funding agency did not have any role other than funding in the study design, collection analysis and interpretation of data, paper writing, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 39 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.02.001 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400004 ER PT J AU Denny, JF Schwab, WC Baldwin, WE Barnhardt, WA Gayes, PT Morton, RA Warner, JC Driscoll, NW Voulgaris, G AF Denny, Jane F. Schwab, William C. Baldwin, Wayne E. Barnhardt, Walter A. Gayes, Paul T. Morton, Robert A. Warner, John C. Driscoll, Neal W. Voulgaris, George TI Holocene sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf of northeastern South Carolina: Implications for the regional sediment budget and long-term shoreline response SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Holocene sediment; coastal erosion; Long Bay; South Carolina; sediment budget ID WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; NORTH-CAROLINA; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; SAND RIDGES; UNITED-STATES; WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH; SHOREFACE PROFILE; GRAND STRAND; NEW-YORK; ISLAND AB High-resolution geophysical and sediment sampling surveys were conducted offshore of the Grand Strand, South Carolina to define the shallow geologic framework of the inner shelf. Results are used to identify and map Holocene sediment deposits, infer sediment transport pathways, and discuss implications for the regional coastal sediment budget. The thickest deposits of Holocene sediment observed on the inner shelf form shoal complexes composed of moderately sorted fine sand, which are primarily located offshore of modern tidal inlets. These shoal deposits contain similar to 67 M m(3) of sediment, approximately 96% of Holocene sediment stored on the inner shelf. Due to the lack of any significant modern fluvial input of sand to the region, the Holocene deposits are likely derived from reworking of relict Pleistocene and older inner-shelf deposits during the Holocene marine transgression. The Holocene sediments are concentrated in the southern part of the study area, due to a combination of ancestral drainage patterns, a regional shift in sediment supply from the northeast to the southwest in the late Pleistocene, and proximity to modern inlet systems. Where sediment is limited, only small, low relief ridges have formed and Pleistocene and older deposits are exposed on the seafloor. The low-relief ridges are likely the result of a thin, mobile veneer of sediment being transported across an irregular, erosional surface formed during the last transgression. Sediment textural trends and seafloor morphology indicate a long-term net transport of sediment to the southwest. This is supported by oceanographic studies that suggest the long-term sediment transport direction is controlled by the frequency and intensity of storms that pass through the region, where low pressure systems yield net along-shore flow to the southwest and a weak onshore component. Current sediment budget estimates for the Grand Strand yield a deficit for the region. Volume calculations of Holocene deposits on the inner shelf suggest that there is sufficient sediment to balance the sediment budget and provide a source of sediment to the shoreline. Although the processes controlling cross-shelf sediment transport are not fully understood, in sediment-limited environments such as the Grand Strand, erosion of the inner shelf likely contributes significant sediment to the beach system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Denny, Jane F.; Schwab, William C.; Baldwin, Wayne E.; Barnhardt, Walter A.; Warner, John C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gayes, Paul T.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Driscoll, Neal W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Voulgaris, George] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Denny, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jdenny@usgs.gov; bschwab@usgs.gov; wbaldwin@usgs.gov; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov; ptgayest@coastal.edu; rmorton@usgs.gov; jcwarner@usgs.gov; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu RI Voulgaris, George/A-7593-2014 OI Voulgaris, George/0000-0002-0667-8870 NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 56 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.02.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 139KU UT WOS:000318582400005 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M Cervelli, PF Murray, JR AF Battaglia, Maurizio Cervelli, Peter F. Murray, Jessica R. TI dMODELS: A MATLAB software package for modeling crustal deformation near active faults and volcanic centers SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crustal deformation; Volcano geodesy; MATLAB; Pressure source; Augustine volcano ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; TENSILE FAULTS; CALIFORNIA; SHEAR AB We have developed a MATLAB software package for the most common models used to interpret deformation measurements near faults and active volcanic centers. The emphasis is on analytical models of deformation that can be compared with data from the Global Positioning System (GPS), InSAR, tiltmeters and strainmeters. Source models include pressurized spherical, ellipsoidal and sill-like magma chambers in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. Dikes and faults are described following the mathematical notation for rectangular dislocations in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. All the expressions have been checked for typographical errors that might have been present in the original literature, extended to include deformation and strain within the Earth's crust (as opposed to only the Earth's surface) and verified against finite element models. A set of GPS measurements from the 2006 eruption at Augustine Volcano (Alaska) is used to test the software package. The results show that the best fit source to the GPS data is a spherical intrusion (Delta V = 5 x 10(-4) km(3)), about 880 m beneath the volcano's summit. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Battaglia, Maurizio] USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Battaglia, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy. [Cervelli, Peter F.] USGS, Calif Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Murray, Jessica R.] Earthquake Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mbattaglia@usgs.gov OI Battaglia, Maurizio/0000-0003-4726-5287 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 254 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 116ZC UT WOS:000316920900001 ER PT J AU Junttila, V Finley, AO Bradford, JB Kauranne, T AF Junttila, Virpi Finley, Andrew O. Bradford, John B. Kauranne, Tuomo TI Strategies for minimizing sample size for use in airborne LiDAR-based forest inventory SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Optimal design; Geostatistical; LiDAR; Bayesian; Biomass ID STAND CHARACTERISTICS; QUANTIFYING FOREST; DESIGNS; PREDICTION; VARIABLES; HEIGHT; MODELS; CARBON AB Recently airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has emerged as a highly accurate remote sensing modality to be used in operational scale forest inventories. Inventories conducted with the help of LiDAR are most often model-based, i.e. they use variables derived from LiDAR point clouds as the predictive variables that are to be calibrated using field plots. The measurement of the necessary field plots is a time-consuming and statistically sensitive process. Because of this, current practice often presumes hundreds of plots to be collected. But since these plots are only used to calibrate regression models, it should be possible to minimize the number of plots needed by carefully selecting the plots to be measured. In the current study, we compare several systematic and random methods for calibration plot selection, with the specific aim that they be used in LiDAR based regression models for forest parameters, especially above-ground biomass. The primary criteria compared are based on both spatial representativity as well as on their coverage of the variability of the forest features measured. In the former case, it is important also to take into account spatial auto-correlation between the plots. The results indicate that choosing the plots in a way that ensures ample coverage of both spatial and feature space variability improves the performance of the corresponding models, and that adequate coverage of the variability in the feature space is the most important condition that should be met by the set of plots collected. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Junttila, Virpi; Kauranne, Tuomo] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Appl Math, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Junttila, V (reprint author), Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Appl Math, Lappeenranta, Finland. EM virpi.junttila@lut.fi RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU USDA Forest Service; Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program; Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF-1137309, NSF-DMS-1106609]; USDA/NASA [10-JV-11242307-037]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System [11-CMS11-0021, 11-CMS11-0028] FX The work of the second author was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants EF-1137309 and NSF-DMS-1106609. The three authors were supported by USDA/NASA grant 10-JV-11242307-037. The first two authors were supported by NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants 11-CMS11-0021 and 11-CMS11-0028. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 292 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.019 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 111HM UT WOS:000316512400009 ER PT J AU Lever, MA Rouxel, O Alt, JC Shimizu, N Ono, SH Coggon, RM Shanks, WC Lapham, L Elvert, M Prieto-Mollar, X Hinrichs, KU Inagaki, F Teske, A AF Lever, Mark A. Rouxel, Olivier Alt, Jeffrey C. Shimizu, Nobumichi Ono, Shuhei Coggon, Rosalind M. Shanks, Wayne C., III Lapham, Laura Elvert, Marcus Prieto-Mollar, Xavier Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Teske, Andreas TI Evidence for Microbial Carbon and Sulfur Cycling in Deeply Buried Ridge Flank Basalt SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; OCEAN CRUST; SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; SULFIDE OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; FLUIDS; DISPROPORTIONATION; FRACTIONATION; COMMUNITY AB Sediment-covered basalt on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges constitutes most of Earth's oceanic crust, but the composition and metabolic function of its microbial ecosystem are largely unknown. By drilling into 3.5-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, we demonstrated the presence of methane-and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane-cycling and sulfate-reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid-phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host delta C-13- and delta S-34-isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory. Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic delta C-13 signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism. C1 [Lever, Mark A.; Teske, Andreas] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lever, Mark A.; Lapham, Laura] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Geomicrobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Rouxel, Olivier; Shimizu, Nobumichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rouxel, Olivier] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Alt, Jeffrey C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ono, Shuhei] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coggon, Rosalind M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Elvert, Marcus; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, Organ Geochem Grp, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Elvert, Marcus; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Inagaki, Fumio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Geomicrobiol Grp, Nanko Ku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. RP Lever, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mark.lever@biology.au.dk; teske@email.unc.edu RI Lever, Mark/C-2134-2011; Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015; Lapham, Laura/A-4035-2011 OI Lever, Mark/0000-0002-2046-8028; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; FU IODP Expedition 301 Scientists; Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship; University of North Carolina Dissertation Completion Fellowship; Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship [255135]; Danish National Research Foundation; Max Planck Society; Europole Mer; European Research Council Advanced Grant DARCLIFE; NASA Astrobiology Institute Subsurface Biospheres; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program); National Science Foundation [NSF-OCE 0622949, OCE 1129631, OCE-0753126, NSF-ODP 0727175]; National Science Foundation (NSF-STC for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations) FX We thank B. Jorgensen, M. Sogin, and the IODP Expedition 301 Scientists for advice and support in this project. Funding was obtained from a Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship, a University of North Carolina Dissertation Completion Fellowship, a Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship (255135) (all to M. A. L.); the Danish National Research Foundation and the Max Planck Society (both to B. Jorgensen); Europole Mer (to O.R.); the European Research Council Advanced Grant DARCLIFE (to K.-U.H.); the NASA Astrobiology Institute Subsurface Biospheres (to A. T.); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program) (to F. I.); and the National Science Foundation (NSF-OCE 0622949 and OCE 1129631 to J.C.A.; OCE-0753126 to S.O. and O.R.; and NSF-ODP 0727175 and NSF-STC for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations to A. T.). We thank three anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments. The geochemical data are available in the supplementary tables. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. The functional gene sequence data are available from the GenBank database (accession numbers GU182109 to GU182110 and JX465656 to JX465658). NR 30 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 11 U2 201 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6125 BP 1305 EP 1308 DI 10.1126/science.1229240 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 105GC UT WOS:000316053400034 PM 23493710 ER PT J AU Stolpe, B Guo, LD Shiller, AM Aiken, GR AF Stolpe, Bjoern Guo, Laodong Shiller, Alan M. Aiken, George R. TI Abundance, size distributions and trace-element binding of organic and iron-rich nanocolloids in Alaskan rivers, as revealed by field-flow fractionation and ICP-MS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; COLLOIDAL MATTER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; YUKON RIVER; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL-WATER; BOREAL RIVERS AB Water samples were collected from six small rivers in the Yukon River basin in central Alaska to examine the role of colloids and organic matter in the transport of trace elements in Northern high latitude watersheds influenced by permafrost. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), selected elements (Al, Si, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, U), and UV-absorbance spectra were measured in 0.45 mu m filtered samples. 'Nanocolloidal size distributions' (0.5-40 nm, hydrodynamic diameter) of humic-type and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were determined by on-line coupling of flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) to detectors including UV-absorbance, fluorescence, and ICP-MS. Total dissolved and nanocolloidal concentrations of the elements varied considerably between the rivers and between spring flood and late summer base flow. Data on specific UV-absorbance (SUVA), spectral slopes, and the nanocolloidal fraction of the UV-absorbance indicated a decrease in aromaticity and size of CDOM from spring flood to late summer. The nanocolloidal size distributions indicated the presence of different 'components' of nanocolloids. 'Fulvic-rich nanocolloids' had a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.5-3 nm throughout the sampling season; 'organic/ironrich nanocolloids' occurred in the <8 nm size range during the spring flood; whereas 'iron-rich nanocolloids' formed a discrete 4-40 nm components during summer base flow. Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were distributed between the nanocolloid components depending on the stability constant of the metal (+II)-organic complexes, while stronger association of Cr to the iron-rich nanocolloids was attributed to the higher oxidation states of Cr (+III or +IV). Changes in total dissolved element concentrations, size and composition of CDOM, and occurrence and size of organic/iron and iron-rich nanocolloids were related to variations in their sources from either the upper organic-rich soil or the deeper mineral layer, depending on seasonal variations in hydrological flow patterns and permafrost dynamics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stolpe, Bjoern; Guo, Laodong; Shiller, Alan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stolpe, B (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM bjorn.stolpe@gmail.com RI Guo, Laodong/F-6045-2010; OI Guo, Laodong/0000-0002-5010-1630; Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 FU US National Science Foundation [0617607, 0850957]; Swedish Research Council; United States Geological Survey; University of Southern Mississippi FX We thank Hailong Huang for his help during field sampling and Zhengzhen Zhou and Victoria Shiller for analytical assistance. We also wish to thank associate editor Karen H. Johannesson, the two anonymous GCA reviewers and the USGS internal reviewer Jonathan A. O'Donnell for their constructive comments which have greatly improved the presentation of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (EAR#0617607 and OCE#0850957), a postdoctoral fellowship from the Swedish Research Council, the United States Geological Survey, and the University of Southern Mississippi. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 87 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 127 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 105 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.018 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093MA UT WOS:000315194800014 ER PT J AU Barrett, K Kasischke, ES AF Barrett, Kirsten Kasischke, Eric S. TI Controls on variations in MODIS fire radiative power in Alaskan boreal forests: Implications for fire severity conditions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire; Boreal; Fire radiative power; Fire intensity; Fire severity ID POSTFIRE TREE RECRUITMENT; SOIL BURN SEVERITY; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; REGENERATION; VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE AB Fire activity in the Alaskan boreal forest though episodic at annual and intra-annual time scales, has experienced an increase over the last several decades. Increases in burned area and fire severity are not only releasing more carbon to the atmosphere, but likely shifting vegetation composition in the region towards greater deciduous dominance and a reduction in coniferous stands. While some recent studies have addressed qualitative differences between large and small fire years in the Alaskan boreal forest, the ecological effects of a greater proportion of burning occurring during large fire years and during late season fires have not yet been examined. Some characteristics of wildfires that can be detected remotely are related to fire severity and can provide new information on spatial and temporal patterns of burning. This analysis focused on boreal wildfire intensity (fire radiative power, or FRP) contained in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily active fire product from 2003 to 2010. We found that differences in FRP resulted from seasonality and intra-annual variability in fire activity levels, vegetation composition, latitudinal variation, and fire spread behavior. Our studies determined two general categories of active fire detections: new detections associated with the spread of the fire front and residual pixels in areas that had already experienced front burning. Residual pixels had a lower average FRP than front pixels, but represented a high percentage of all pixels during periods of high fire activity (large fire years, late season burning, and seasonal periods of high fire activity). As a result, the FRP from periods of high fire activity was less intense than those from periods of low fire activity. Differences related to latitude were greater than expected, with higher latitudes burning later in the season and at a higher intensity than lower latitudes. Differences in vegetation type indicate that coniferous vegetation is the most fire prone, but deciduous vegetation is not particularly fire resistant, as the proportion of active fire detections in deciduous stands is roughly the same as the fraction of deciduous vegetation in the region. Qualitative differences between periods of high and low fire activity are likely to reflect important differences in fire severity. Large fire years are likely to be more severe, characterized by more late season fires and a greater proportion of residual burning. Given the potential for severe fires to effect changes in vegetation cover, the shift toward a greater proportion of area burning during large fire years may influence vegetation patterns in the region over the medium to long term. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Barrett, Kirsten] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barrett, K (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM kbarrett@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; NASA [NNG04GD25G] FX Funding for this research was provided to KB by the U.S. Geological Survey and to EK by NASA through grant number NNG04GD25G. We also thank A. D. McGuire, Zachary Christman, David Selkowitz, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments on the manuscript NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000014 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Stehman, SV Gass, L Dewitz, J Fry, JA Wade, TG AF Wickham, James D. Stehman, Stephen V. Gass, Leila Dewitz, Jon Fry, Joyce A. Wade, Timothy G. TI Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Impervious surface accuracy assessment; Forest loss; Land-cover change accuracy assessment; MRLC; Stratified sampling; Urbanization; United States ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; VALIDATION DATA SET; THEMATIC ACCURACY; ERROR MATRIX; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE; DESIGN; MAPS; COMPLETION; PRINCIPLES AB Release of NLCD 2006 provides the first wall-to-wall land-cover change database for the conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 focused on four primary products: 2001 land cover, 2006 land cover, land-cover change between 2001 and 2006, and impervious surface change between 2001 and 2006. The accuracy assessment was conducted by selecting a stratified random sample of pixels with the reference classification interpreted from multi-temporal high resolution digital imagery. The NLCD Level II (16 classes) overall accuracies for the 2001 and 2006 land cover were 79% and 78%, respectively, with Level II user's accuracies exceeding 80% for water, high density urban, all upland forest classes, shrubland, and cropland for both dates. Level I (8 classes) accuracies were 85% for NLCD 2001 and 84% for NLCD 2006. The high overall and user's accuracies for the individual dates translated into high user's accuracies for the 2001-2006 change reporting themes water gain and loss, forest loss, urban gain, and the no-change reporting themes for water, urban, forest and agriculture. The main factor limiting higher accuracies for the change reporting themes appeared to be difficulty in distinguishing the context of grass. We discuss the need for more research on land-cover change accuracy assessment Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Gass, Leila] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Dewitz, Jon; Fry, Joyce A.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Mail Drop E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov OI Gass, Leila/0000-0002-3436-262X; Dewitz, Jon/0000-0002-0458-212X FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development; USGS [G12AC20221] FX The United States Geological Survey (USGS) provided primary funding for this research. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. Stehman was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G12AC20221 from the USGS. Lori Baer, Jesse Ballew, Brett Bunde, Adam Case, Catherine Costello, Michelle Coffey, Allison Paraham, Rick Poss, Dan Sorenson, and Gail Winters of USGS collected the reference data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions to improve the paper. Any use of trade, form, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 13 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000024 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Briggs, MA Bencala, KE McGlynn, BL Scott, DT AF Gooseff, Michael N. Briggs, Martin A. Bencala, Kenneth E. McGlynn, Brian L. Scott, Durelle T. TI Do transient storage parameters directly scale in longer, combined stream reaches? Reach length dependence of transient storage interpretations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transient storage; Groundwater-surface water interaction; Stream solute transport; Uvas Creek; OTIS ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER; MODEL; RETENTION; SEDIMENT; EXCHANGE; SCIENCE AB Little work has been done to assess parameterizations and related interpretations (i.e., metrics of exchange) of transient storage modeling (TSM) over multiple spatial scales in streams. In this paper, we simulate conservative solute transport in a small mountain stream over combinations of five consecutive sub-reaches (38 m, 105 m, 281 m, 433 m, and 619 m below injection point) to (1) determine how optimized parameter estimates vary with reach length and reach combination, and (2) evaluate whether equally well-optimized simulations of solute transport in the channel result in varying interpretations of tracer exchange with the storage zone. Each simulated stream solute concentration breakthrough curve (BTC) showed consistently accurate fits to observations. However, our results indicate approximate equifinality (similar fits from different parameter sets) in the simulations of concentrations of stream tracer across individual sub-reaches and combined reaches leading to varying interpretations of transient storage exchange parameterization (i.e., variable optimized parameter estimates) and concentration time series of tracer in the storage zone. These results suggest strong reach-length dependence in simulated exchange. Based on stream BTCs alone, the TSM is useful in characterizing the influence of transient storage on in-stream solute transport, though it does not consistently reproduce storage zone dynamics. Characterization of the solute exchange between the stream and the storage zones remains problematic, and the effects of transient storage cannot be directly compared within overlapping stream reaches, an important consideration in designing and interpreting stream solute transport experiments. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Briggs, Martin A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGlynn, Brian L.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Scott, Durelle T.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mgooseff@engr.psu.edu RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR 03-37650, EAR 05-30873, DEB 06-14350] FX We would like to thank Hedeff Essaid, Chris Arp, Rob Runkel, Denis Newbold and anonymous reviewers for critical reviews of this manuscript. Support for this work was provided by NSF Grants EAR 03-37650 to BLM, EAR 05-30873 and DEB 06-14350 to MNG. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 483 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2012.12.046 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 111HL UT WOS:000316512300002 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Boncristiani, H Dainat, B Chen, YP vanEngelsdorp, D Weaver, D Evans, JD AF Cornman, Robert Scott Boncristiani, Humberto Dainat, Benjamin Chen, Yanping vanEngelsdorp, Dennis Weaver, Daniel Evans, Jay D. TI Population-genomic variation within RNA viruses of the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, inferred from deep sequencing SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Deformed wing virus; Israel acute paralysis virus; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Population genomics ID DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; REPLICATION; RECOMBINATION; PATHOGENESIS; ISRAEL; MITE AB Background: Deep sequencing of viruses isolated from infected hosts is an efficient way to measure population-genetic variation and can reveal patterns of dispersal and natural selection. In this study, we mined existing Illumina sequence reads to investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two RNA viruses of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), deformed wing virus (DWV) and Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV). All viral RNA was extracted from North American samples of honey bees or, in one case, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Results: Coverage depth was generally lower for IAPV than DWV, and marked gaps in coverage occurred in several narrow regions (< 50 bp) of IAPV. These coverage gaps occurred across sequencing runs and were virtually unchanged when reads were re-mapped with greater permissiveness (up to 8% divergence), suggesting a recurrent sequencing artifact rather than strain divergence. Consensus sequences of DWV for each sample showed little phylogenetic divergence, low nucleotide diversity, and strongly negative values of Fu and Li's D statistic, suggesting a recent population bottleneck and/or purifying selection. The Kakugo strain of DWV fell outside of all other DWV sequences at 100% bootstrap support. IAPV consensus sequences supported the existence of multiple clades as had been previously reported, and Fu and Li's D was closer to neutral expectation overall, although a sliding-window analysis identified a significantly positive D within the protease region, suggesting selection maintains diversity in that region. Within-sample mean diversity was comparable between the two viruses on average, although for both viruses there was substantial variation among samples in mean diversity at third codon positions and in the number of high-diversity sites. F-ST values were bimodal for DWV, likely reflecting neutral divergence in two low-diversity populations, whereas IAPV had several sites that were strong outliers with very low F-ST. Conclusions: This initial survey of genetic variation within honey bee RNA viruses suggests future directions for studies examining the underlying causes of population-genetic structure in these economically important pathogens. C1 [Cornman, Robert Scott; Boncristiani, Humberto; Dainat, Benjamin; Chen, Yanping; Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dainat, Benjamin] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [vanEngelsdorp, Dennis] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weaver, Daniel] Bee Power LP, Navasota, TX 77868 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM scott.cornman@gmail.com RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; FU Coordinate Agricultural Project on Pollinator Health (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture); National Honey Board FX We thank Keith Delaplane and Jennifer Berry for providing larvae from the University of Georgia Apiary. Dawn Lopez prepared samples for sequencing. This project was supported by the Coordinate Agricultural Project on Pollinator Health (USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture) and the National Honey Board. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 92 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 154 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-154 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 107GW UT WOS:000316204200001 PM 23497218 ER PT J AU Barber, LB Keefe, SH Brown, GK Furlong, ET Gray, JL Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT Sandstrom, MW Zaugg, SD AF Barber, Larry B. Keefe, Steffanie H. Brown, Greg K. Furlong, Edward T. Gray, James L. Kolpin, Dana W. Meyer, Michael T. Sandstrom, Mark W. Zaugg, Steven D. TI Persistence and Potential Effects of Complex Organic Contaminant Mixtures in Wastewater-Impacted Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFLUENT-DOMINATED RIVER; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYCYCLIC MUSKS; ANTIBIOTIC SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; SURFACE WATERS AB Natural and synthetic organic contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can cause ecosystem impacts, raising concerns about their persistence in receiving streams. In this study, Lagrangian sampling, in which the same approximate parcel of water is tracked as it moves downstream, was conducted at Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa to determine in-stream transport and attenuation of organic contaminants discharged from two secondary WWTPs. Similar stream reaches were evaluated, and samples were collected at multiple sites during summer and spring hydrologic conditions. Travel times to the most downstream (7.4 km) site in Boulder Creek were 6.2 h during the summer and 9.3 h during the spring, and to the Fourmile Creek 8.4 km downstream site times were 18 and 8.8 h, respectively. Discharge was measured at each site, and integrated composite samples were collected and analyzed for >200 organic contaminants including metal complexing agents, nonionic surfactant degradates, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and pesticides. The highest concentration (>100 mu g L-1) compounds detected in both WWTP effluents were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4-nonylphenolethoxycarboxylate oligomers, both of which persisted for at least 7 km downstream from the WWTPs. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals were lower (<1 mu g L-1), and several compounds, including carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole, were detected throughout the study reaches. After accounting for in-stream dilution, a complex mixture of contaminants showed little attenuation and was persistent in the receiving streams at concentrations with potential ecosystem implications. C1 [Barber, Larry B.; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Brown, Greg K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.; Sandstrom, Mark W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 FU USGS National Research Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This work was supported by the USGS National Research Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Susan Glassmeyer from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for analytical support, as well as the Iowa Policy Project, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Iowa Geological Survey. In addition, we thank Floyd Bebler from the City of Boulder and Ken Plager from the City of Ankeny for site access. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 141 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2177 EP 2188 DI 10.1021/es303720g PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 102KT UT WOS:000315844200007 PM 23398602 ER PT J AU Mahon, AR Jerde, CL Galaska, M Bergner, JL Chadderton, WL Lodge, DM Hunter, ME Nico, LG AF Mahon, Andrew R. Jerde, Christopher L. Galaska, Matthew Bergner, Jennifer L. Chadderton, W. Lindsay Lodge, David M. Hunter, Margaret E. Nico, Leo G. TI Validation of eDNA Surveillance Sensitivity for Detection of Asian Carps in Controlled and Field Experiments SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA AB In many North American rivers, populations of multiple species of non-native cyprinid fishes are present, including black carp (Mylpharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and goldfish (Carassius auratus). All six of these species are found in the Mississippi River basin and tracking their invasion has proven difficult, particularly where abundance is low. Knowledge of the location of the invasion front is valuable to natural resource managers because future ecological and economic damages can be most effectively prevented when populations are low. To test the accuracy of environmental DNA (eDNA) as an early indicator of species occurrence and relative abundance, we applied eDNA technology to the six non-native cyprinid species putatively present in a 2.6 river mile stretch of the Chicago (IL, USA) canal system that was subsequently treated with piscicide. The proportion of water samples yielding positive detections increased with relative abundance of the six species, as indicated by the number of carcasses recovered after poisoning. New markers for black carp, grass carp, and a common carp/goldfish are reported and details of the marker testing to ensure specificity are provided. C1 [Mahon, Andrew R.; Bergner, Jennifer L.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Galaska, Matthew; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jerde, Christopher L.; Galaska, Matthew; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chadderton, W. Lindsay] Notre Dame Environm Change Initiat, Great Lakes Project, Nat Conservancy, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Hunter, Margaret E.; Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mahon, AR (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM mahon2a@cmich.edu FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental DNA surveillance - Applied early detection; GLAS [FY10-S-T024-O169-2]; NOAA CSCOR [NA09NOS4780192]; College of Science and Technology at Central Michigan University FX The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental DNA surveillance - Applied early detection; GLAS#: FY10-S-T024-O169-2), the NOAA CSCOR (#NA09NOS4780192), and the College of Science and Technology at Central Michigan University supported this research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 11 U2 191 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58316 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058316 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099RC UT WOS:000315637900124 PM 23472178 ER PT J AU Wilson, HM Hall, JS Flint, PL Franson, JC Ely, CR Schmutz, JA Samuel, MD AF Wilson, Heather M. Hall, Jeffery S. Flint, Paul L. Franson, J. Christian Ely, Craig R. Schmutz, Joel A. Samuel, Michael D. TI High Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Avian Influenza Viruses among Wild Waterfowl in Alaska: Implications for Surveillance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MUTE SWANS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; NATURAL INFECTION; DISEASE SPREAD; ASIAN LINEAGE; A VIRUSES; H5N1; BIRDS; DUCKS AB We examined seroprevalence (presence of detectable antibodies in serum) for avian influenza viruses (AIV) among 4,485 birds, from 11 species of wild waterfowl in Alaska (1998-2010), sampled during breeding/molting periods. Seroprevalence varied among species (highest in eiders (Somateria and Polysticta species), and emperor geese (Chen canagica)), ages (adults higher than juveniles), across geographic locations (highest in the Arctic and Alaska Peninsula) and among years in tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus). All seroprevalence rates in excess of 60% were found in marine-dependent species. Seroprevalence was much higher than AIV infection based on rRT-PCR or virus isolation alone. Because pre-existing AIV antibodies can infer some protection against highly pathogenic AIV (HPAI H5N1), our results imply that some wild waterfowl in Alaska could be protected from lethal HPAIV infections. Seroprevalence should be considered in deciphering patterns of exposure, differential infection, and rates of AIV transmission. Our results suggest surveillance programs include species and populations with high AIV seroprevalences, in addition to those with high infection rates. Serologic testing, including examination of serotype-specific antibodies throughout the annual cycle, would help to better assess spatial and temporal patterns of AIV transmission and overall disease dynamics. C1 [Wilson, Heather M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hall, Jeffery S.; Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Flint, Paul L.; Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Wilson, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. EM heather_wilson@fws.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) Avian Influenza Surveillance Program in Alaska; United States Geological Survey; United States Geological Survey and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management (Region 7) Avian Influenza Surveillance Program in Alaska, with special thanks to Kim Trust and the United States Geological Survey. Additional support was provided via federal funds from the United States Geological Survey and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58308 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058308 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099RC UT WOS:000315637900123 PM 23472177 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Hall, JS Schmutz, JA Pearce, JM Terenzi, J Sedinger, JS Ip, HS AF Ely, Craig R. Hall, Jeffrey S. Schmutz, Joel A. Pearce, John M. Terenzi, John Sedinger, James S. Ip, Hon S. TI Evidence that Life History Characteristics of Wild Birds Influence Infection and Exposure to Influenza A Viruses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CANADA GEESE; NORTHERN EUROPE; PACIFIC FLYWAY; AQUATIC BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE AB We report on life history characteristics, temporal, and age-related effects influencing the frequency of occurrence of avian influenza (AI) viruses in four species of migratory geese breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Emperor geese (Chen canagica), cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii), greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), and black brant (Branta bernicla), were all tested for active infection of AI viruses upon arrival in early May, during nesting in June, and while molting in July and August, 2006-2010 (n = 14,323). Additionally, prior exposure to AI viruses was assessed via prevalence of antibodies from sera samples collected during late summer in 2009 and 2010. Results suggest that geese are uncommonly infected by low pathogenic AI viruses while in Alaska. The percent of birds actively shedding AI viruses varied annually, and was highest in 2006 and 2010 (1-3%) and lowest in 2007, 2008, and 2009 (<0.70%). Contrary to findings in ducks, the highest incidence of infected birds was in late spring when birds first arrived from staging and wintering areas. Despite low prevalence, most geese were previously exposed to AI viruses, as indicated by high levels of seroprevalence during late summer (47%-96% across species; n = 541). Seroprevalence was >95% for emperor geese, a species that spends part of its life cycle in Asia and is endemic to Alaska and the Bering Sea region, compared to 40-60% for the other three species, whose entire life cycles are within the western hemisphere. Birds <45 days of age showed little past exposure to AI viruses, although antibodies were detected in samples from 5-week old birds in 2009. Seroprevalence of known age black brant revealed that no birds <4 years old had seroconverted, compared to 49% of birds >= 4 years of age. C1 [Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Pearce, John M.; Terenzi, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM cely@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX The research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 62 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e57614 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057614 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099PY UT WOS:000315634900031 PM 23469210 ER PT J AU Cooper, AK AF Cooper, Alan K. TI Future progress in Antarctic science: improving data care, sharing and collaboration SO EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences (ISAES) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE Antarctic Treaty; data bank; data library; data management; data sharing; digital data; IGY; IPY; SCAR; SDLS; WDC; WDS AB Data are the foundation of modern observational science. High-quality science relies on high quality data. In Antarctica, unlike elsewhere, researchers must disperse data and conduct science differently. They must work within the laws enacted under Antarctic Treaty that defines Antarctica as a continent for peace and science, where data sharing and international collaboration are requisite keystones. Scientists also work under oversight guidance of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). In the last decade, rapid technological advances and vast increase in digital data volumes have changed the ways data are acquired, communicated, analysed, displayed and reported. Yet, the underlying science culture in which data are funded, utilised and cared for has changed little. Science-culture changes are needed for greater progress in Antarctic science. We briefly summarise and discuss aspects of Antarctic 'data care', which is a subset of data management. We offer perceptions on how changes to some aspects of current science-culture could inspire greater data sharing and international collaboration, to achieve greater success. The changes would place greater emphasis on data visualisation, higher national priority on data care, implementation of a data-library concept for data sharing, greater individual responsibility for data care, and further integration of cultural arts into data and science presentations. Much effort has gone into data management in the international community, and there are many excellent examples of successful collaborative Antarctic science programs within SCAR built on existing data sets. Yet, challenges in data care remain and specific suggestions we make deserve attention by the science community, to further promote peace and progress in Antarctic science. C1 [Cooper, Alan K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cooper, Alan K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cooper, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1755-6910 EI 1755-6929 J9 EARTH ENV SCI T R SO JI Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1017/S1755691013000091 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 298ZX UT WOS:000330364900006 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Foley, NK Seal, RR Bove, M Civitillo, D Cosenza, A Grezzi, G AF Ayuso, Robert A. Foley, Nora K. Seal, Robert R., II Bove, Marianna Civitillo, Diego Cosenza, Antonio Grezzi, Giuseppe TI Lead isotope evidence for metal dispersal at the Callahan Cu-Zn-Pb mine: Goose Pond tidal estuary, Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Lead isotope geochemistry; Abandoned open-pit mine; Zn-Cu-Pb; Intertidal zone; Estuary; Quantitative mineralogical modeling ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD; SMELTER EMISSIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STREAM SEDIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN AB The abandoned massive sulfide Callahan mine, coastal Maine, is unique because the open pit operation was sited in a drained marine estuary. About 5 million tons of sulfide-bearing waste and unprocessed ore remain on-site bordering ponds and tidal flats that comprise the estuary proper (US-EPA Superfund site). The prominence and position of the waste relative to the tidal estuary constitute key features representing point sources of heavily contaminated debris. The massive sulfides are hosted by bimodal volcanic rocks of the Cambrian Castine Volcanics (basalt and rhyolite). Sulfide minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and minor galena. A total of 275 analyses of Pb isotopes were done to fully characterize barren volcanic and hydrothermally-altered and mineralized rocks, massive sulfides and disseminated sulfides, waste rock (and tailings) and pond sediments from drill cores, pit water, seeps, and aquatic biota (lobsters, crabs, and bivalves). Lead isotope compositions show a wide range in Pb-206/Pb-204 (17.972-20.239), Pb-207/Pb-204 (15.525-15.664), and Pb-208/Pb-204 (37.591-40.000) and extend from relatively unradiogenic massive sulfides to more radiogenic country rocks and sediments. Tailings, waste rocks, and pond sediments plot in a triangular area in standard Pb isotope diagrams, limited by the trend for the relatively unradiogenic massive sulfides (nearly constant and low Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios and somewhat variable but low Pb-207/Pb-204) and a poorly defined but relatively more radiogenic component (high Pb-206/Pb-204 and Pb-207/Pb-204). Estuary sediments adjacent to the tailings pile and waste rocks have high metal abundances and exhibit the closest resemblance to the massive sulfide isotopic compositions. Bivalve shells obtained from estuary core sediments have growth zones with contents of Pb (5-76 ppm), Zn (6-443 ppm), and Cu (0-262 ppm) that do not vary systematically from zone to zone, and that display no correlation to geographic distribution. The bivalves incorporated lead and other metals by ingesting suspended fine sulfide and silicate particles in addition to dissolved metals in the contaminated waters of the estuary. Water from the open pit and from seeps draining the tailings pile (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 17.972-18.504, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.501-15.590) overlaps the massive sulfide ore. The pit water maintains its isotopic resemblance to the massive sulfides partly by the influx of seeps draining the rock waste and tailings piles. Galena and other sulfides weather as acidic meteoric water filters through the waste piles. Fractures provide avenues for in-situ oxidation, redistribution of Pb++ and SO4--, and precipitation of fine-grained anglesite and/or cerussite (depending on the activities of H+, HCO3-; and sulfate) in veinlets. A rise in pH above 4.5 and reaction of fluid with calcite in the tailings results in removal of more than 65% of Pb (including anglesite precipitate) by sorption to iron-oxyhydroxide precipitates. Pb transport in the Callahan system is thus likely to occur dominantly within solid phases (galena -> anglesite + Fe-oxide -> cerussite/carbonate + Fe-oxide) rather than dissolved in solution. Mass wasting of such fine Pb-bearing solid particulates from the waste and tailing piles likely accounts for the largest fraction of the Pb load in the estuary. Lead-bearing water from the Callahan mine is transferred out of the site and available to lobsters and crabs; the aquatic biota thus partly reflect compositions (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.021-18.539, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.497-15.627) within the range of the ores and tailings. The contaminating effects radiating from the mine are intense adjoining the tailings piles and waste rock and adjacent to the site. These effects are significantly attenuated and essentially undistinguishable from natural background in a short distance (similar to 1 km). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayuso, Robert A.; Foley, Nora K.; Seal, Robert R., II; Bove, Marianna; Civitillo, Diego; Cosenza, Antonio; Grezzi, Giuseppe] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bove, Marianna; Civitillo, Diego; Cosenza, Antonio; Grezzi, Giuseppe] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Naples, Italy. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 EI 1879-1689 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 126 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.013 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 300YK UT WOS:000330499700001 ER PT J AU Moe, D Longhenry, R AF Moe, Donald Longhenry, Ryan TI METRICALLY PRESERVING THE USGS AERIAL FILM ARCHIVE SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 [Moe, Donald] USGS EROS, SGT Inc, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. [Longhenry, Ryan] USGS EROS Ctr, Garretson, SD USA. RP Moe, D (reprint author), USGS EROS, SGT Inc, Contract G10PC00044, Garretson, SD 57030 USA. EM dmoe@usgs.gov; rlonghenry@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 3 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295BU UT WOS:000330092400001 ER PT J AU Platt, SG Thorbjarnarson, JB Rainwater, TR Martin, DR AF Platt, Steven G. Thorbjarnarson, John B. Rainwater, Thomas R. Martin, David R. TI Diet of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Marine Environments of Coastal Belize SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MORELETS CROCODILE; ESTUARINE CROCODILE; POPULATION STATUS; NORTHERN BELIZE; QUINTANA-ROO; FOOD-HABITS; POROSUS; MEXICO; CONSERVATION; ALLIGATOR AB We studied diet and size-related dietary patterns among American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in marine habitats of coastal Belize (1996-1997). Prey items recovered from crocodile (N = 97) stomach contents included insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Based on an overlapping group analysis of percent occurrence, we concluded that hatchlings and small juveniles feed largely on insects and crustaceans, larger juveniles broaden their diet to include fish and nonfish vertebrates, subadults consume increasing amounts of crustaceans with lesser amounts of insects and nonfish vertebrates, and adults subsist primarily on marine crustaceans. Dietary diversity was uniformly low across all size classes but greatest among small and large juveniles. Conversely, hatchlings, subadults, and adults had the most specialized (least diverse) diet owing to reliance upon a limited selection of prey, largely insects (hatchlings) or crustaceans (subadults and adults). Dietary overlap was greatest between adjacent size classes and lowest between the largest and smallest size classes. The high prevalence of freshly ingested prey among all size classes indicates frequent, regular feeding by C. acutus in coastal habitats, perhaps driven by the relatively small size of frequently consumed prey such as crabs. Because crabs have a blood salt content equivalent to the external medium and comprise a large portion of the diet, these prey likely impose a high osmoregulatory burden on C. acutus inhabiting hyperosmotic coastal environments. Contrary to earlier assertions that salt glands in C. acutus lack the excretory capacity to balance salt and water, we suggest populations in coastal Belize rely on these glands in addition to behavioral strategies to maintain osmotic homeostasis. C1 [Platt, Steven G.; Thorbjarnarson, John B.] New York Zool Soc, Wildlife Conservat Int, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Martin, David R.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Math, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Carolina Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com FU United Nations Development Program, Global Environmental Facility; Wildlife Conservation Society; Lamanai Field Research Center; U. S. EPA [R826310]; ARCS Foundation (Lubbock, Texas Chapter) scholarship FX This project was funded by grants from the United Nations Development Program, Global Environmental Facility. Support for SGP and JBT was provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society. TRR was supported by the Lamanai Field Research Center, U. S. EPA (Grant no. R826310), and an ARCS Foundation (Lubbock, Texas Chapter) scholarship. Research permits (Belize CD/72/2/96 [24], CD/72/2/97 [24]) were issued by R. Manzanero and E. Cano of the Conservation Division, Forest Department, Belmopan, Belize. We also wish to express our gratitude to D. Barrow and K. M. Toure of the University College of Belize; P. Raines, S. Wells, and Coral Cay Conservation; J. Gibson and the Coastal Zone Management Unit; R. Noonan and Gold Button Ranch; M. and M. Howells and Lamanai Outpost Lodge; and R. and C. Foster, K. McGlothlin, K. Craig, R. Elsey, M. Sabal, and M. Miller and Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. Invaluable field assistance was provided by L. Medlock, S. Nichols, T. Crabtree, and numerous volunteers from Coral Cay Conservation. Comments by L. Medlock and two anonymous reviewers improved an early draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our co-author J. B. Thorbjarnarson (1957-2010) in recognition of a life devoted to the study and conservation of the world's crocodilians. NR 93 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 44 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1670/12-077 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 264TG UT WOS:000327903300002 ER PT J AU Wood, PB Williams, JM AF Wood, Petra Bohall Williams, Jennifer M. TI Impact of Valley Fills on Streamside Salamanders in Southern West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; AMPHIBIANS; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; SELENIUM; DENSITY; OREGON AB Valley fills associated with mountaintop-removal mining bury stream headwaters and affect water quality and ecological function of reaches below fills. We quantified relative abundance of streamside salamanders in southern West Virginia during 2002 in three streams below valley fills (VFS) and in three reference streams (RS). We surveyed 36 10- x 2-m stream transects, once in summer and fall, paired by order and structure. Of 2,343 salamanders captured, 66.7% were from RS. Total salamanders (adults plus larvae) were more abundant in RS than VFS for first-order and second-order reaches. Adult salamanders had greater abundance in first-order reaches of RS than VFS. Larval salamanders were more abundant in second-order reaches of RS than VFS. No stream width or mesohabitat variables differed between VFS and RS. Only two cover variables differed. Silt cover, greater in VFS than RS first-order reaches, is a likely contributor to reduced abundance of salamanders in VFS. Second-order RS had more boulder cover than second-order VFS, which may have contributed to the higher total and larval salamander abundance in RS. Water chemistry assessments of our VFS and RS reported elevated levels of metal and ion concentrations in VFS, which can depress macroinvertebrate populations and likely affect salamander abundance. Valley fills appear to have significant negative effects on stream salamander abundance due to alterations in habitat structure, water quality and chemistry, and macroinvertebrate communities in streams below fills. C1 [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Williams, Jennifer M.] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 313 Percival Hall,POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM pbwood@wvu.edu FU USEPA; West Virginia State Legislature; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; West Virginia University Research Corporation FX Research funding was provided by the USEPA, West Virginia State Legislature, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, and West Virginia University Research Corporation. We thank the landowners in our study area for site access. For field assistance, we thank A. Carroll, S. Bacharach, M. Balcerzak, H. D. Chamblin, T. Dellinger, J. Martin, J. Simmons, B. Sparks, G. Williams, and J. Woolard. Dr. T. Pauley, Marshall University herpetologist, provided assistance with identification of larval salamanders. The late Dr. G. Seidel, West Virginia University statistician, provided invaluable statistical guidance. G. Pond, USEPA, provided water-quality data collected in our study streams. N. McCoard and G. Pond provided helpful reviews of this manuscript. The study was conducted in compliance with West Virginia University animal care and use guidelines and under a permit from the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1670/11-187 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 264TG UT WOS:000327903300017 ER PT J AU Cox, BR Boulanger, RW Tokimatsu, K Wood, CM Abe, A Ashford, S Donahue, J Ishihara, K Kayen, R Katsumata, K Kishida, T Kokusho, T Mason, HB Moss, R Stewart, JP Tohyama, K Zekkos, D AF Cox, Brady R. Boulanger, Ross W. Tokimatsu, Kohji Wood, Clinton M. Abe, Akio Ashford, Scott Donahue, Jennifer Ishihara, Kenji Kayen, Robert Katsumata, Kota Kishida, Tadahiro Kokusho, Takaji Mason, H. Benjamin Moss, Robb Stewart, Jonathan P. Tohyama, Kazushi Zekkos, Dimitrios TI Liquefaction at Strong Motion Stations and in Urayasu City during the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID CONE PENETRATION TEST AB The 2011 M-W = 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake generated a large number of unique soil liquefaction case histories, including cases with strong ground motion recordings on liquefiable or potentially liquefiable soils. We have compiled a list of 22 strong motion stations (SMS) where surface evidence of liquefaction was observed and 16 SMS underlain by geologically recent sediments or fills where surface evidence of liquefaction was not observed. Pre-earthquake standard penetration test data and borehole shear wave velocity (V-s) profiles are available for some stations, but critical information, such as grain size distribution and fines plasticity, are often lacking. In the heavily damaged city of Urayasu, we performed post-earthquake cone penetration testing at seven SMS and V-s profiles, using surface wave methods at 28 additional locations to supplement existing geotechnical data. We describe the liquefaction effects in Urayasu, the available site characterization data, and our initial data interpretations. C1 [Cox, Brady R.; Wood, Clinton M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78730 USA. [Boulanger, Ross W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tokimatsu, Kohji; Katsumata, Kota; Tohyama, Kazushi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Abe, Akio] Tokyo Soil Res Co Ltd, Tokyo 1520021, Japan. [Ashford, Scott; Mason, H. Benjamin] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Donahue, Jennifer] Geosyntec, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Ishihara, Kenji; Kokusho, Takaji] Chuo Univ, Tokyo 1368577, Japan. [Kayen, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moss, Robb] Cal Poly State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Env Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zekkos, Dimitrios] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cox, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78730 USA. RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-1138203]; NSF [CMMI-1138168, CMMI-00323914] FX The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided support for geotechnical reconnaissance of this earthquake through a RAPID award to Ross W. Boulanger, UC Davis, and Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, under grant #CMMI-1138203. NSF supported the field surface wave and CPT testing through a RAPID award to Brady Cox at University of Arkansas, under grant #CMMI-1138168. GEER is supported by the NSF under grant #CMMI-00323914. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Additional support for travel was provided by Fugro, Geosyntec, Kleinfelder, and the U.S. Geological Survey. GEER team members included, in addition to the authors, Pedro Arduino, Dominic Assimaki, Jonathan Bray, Shideh Dashti, Craig Davis, David Frost, Les Harder, Jr., Youssef Hashash, Laurie Johnson, Keith Kelson, Steven Kramer, Jorge Meneses, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Kyle Rollins, Isabelle Ryder, Ashley Streig, Joe Wartman, and Josh Zupan. Teams from GEER collaborated with colleagues in Japan and teams from the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Federal Highways Administration. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 SU 1 BP S55 EP S80 DI 10.1193/1.4000110 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 256NG UT WOS:000327317900005 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Midorikawa, S Graves, RW Khodaverdi, K Kishida, T Miura, H Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, KW AF Stewart, Jonathan P. Midorikawa, Saburoh Graves, Robert W. Khodaverdi, Khatareh Kishida, Tadahiro Miura, Hiroyuki Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth W. TI Implications of the M(w)9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake for Ground Motion Scaling with Source, Path, and Site Parameters SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE MODEL; FORE-ARC; ATTENUATION; JAPAN; VELOCITY; REGIONS; ZONE AB The M(w)9.0 Tohoku-oki Japan earthquake produced approximately 2,000 ground motion recordings. We consider 1,238 three-component accelerograms corrected with component-specific low-cut filters. The recordings have rupture distances between 44 km and 1,000 km, time-averaged shear wave velocities of V-S30 90 m/s to 1,900 m/s, and usable response spectral periods of 0.01 sec to > 10 sec. The data support the notion that the increase of ground motions with magnitude saturates at large magnitudes. High-frequency ground motions demonstrate faster attenuation with distance in backarc than in forearc regions, which is only captured by one of the four considered ground motion prediction equations for subduction earthquakes. Recordings within 100 km of the fault are used to estimate event terms, which are generally positive (indicating model underprediction) at short periods and zero or negative (overprediction) at long periods. We find site amplification to scale minimally with V-S30 at high frequencies, in contrast with other active tectonic regions, but to scale strongly with V-S30 at low frequencies. C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.; Khodaverdi, Khatareh] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Midorikawa, Saburoh; Miura, Hiroyuki] Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227, Japan. [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Kishida, Tadahiro; Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, PEER Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth W.] EQECAT Inc, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu RI Miura, Hiroyuki/I-6749-2013 OI Miura, Hiroyuki/0000-0001-9318-2269 FU Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association; National Science Foundation; USGS, through NEHRP FX The participation of the first author in reconnaissance activities for this earthquake was supported by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, which receives financial support from the National Science Foundation. Partial support from the USGS, through NEHRP funding to PEER, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Elizabeth Cochran, Paul Spudich, Gail Atkinson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and insightful reviews of this manuscript, which have improved the final product. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 SU 1 BP S1 EP S21 DI 10.1193/1.4000115 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 256NG UT WOS:000327317900002 ER PT J AU Vaquero, M Allue, E Bischoff, JL Burjachs, F Vallverdu, J AF Vaquero, Manuel Allue, Ethel Bischoff, James L. Burjachs, Francesc Vallverdu, Josep TI ENVIRONMENTAL, DEPOSITIONAL AND CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY HOLOCENE: THE CINGLERA DEL CAPELLO SEQUENCE (CAPELLADES, SPAIN) SO QUATERNAIRE LA English DT Article DE Last glacial; Early Holocene; Cinglera del Capello; pollen analysis; cave sediments; cultural change; paleoenvironment ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; ABRIC-ROMANI; DANSGAARD-OESCHGER; HUMAN ADAPTATIONS; URANIUM-SERIES; GREENLAND ICE; U-SERIES; CLIMATE; TRANSITION; MIDDLE AB The correlation between environmental and cultural changes is one of the primary archeological and paleoanthropological research topics. Analysis of ice and marine cores has yielded a high-resolution record of millennial-scale changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene eras. However, cultural changes are documented in low-resolution continental deposits; thus, their correlation with the millennial-scale climatic sequence is often difficult. In this paper, we present a rare occurrence in which a thick archeological sequence is associated with a high-resolution environmental record. The Cinglera del Capello is a tufa-draped cliff located in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, 50 km west of Barcelona. This cliff harbors several rock-shelters with Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits. Together, the deposits of four rock-shelters span from 7000 to 70,000 years ago and provide a high-resolution record of the environmental and human dynamics during this timespan. This record allows the correlation of the cultural and environmental changes. The multiproxy approach to the Cinglera evidence indicates that the main cultural stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic) are associated with significant changes in the environmental and depositional contexts. C1 [Vaquero, Manuel; Allue, Ethel; Vallverdu, Josep] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Area Prehist, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain. [Vaquero, Manuel; Allue, Ethel; Burjachs, Francesc; Vallverdu, Josep] IPHES, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Burjachs, Francesc] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. RP Vaquero, M (reprint author), Univ Rovira & Virgili, Area Prehist, Av Catalunya 135, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain. EM manuel.vaquero@urv.net RI Vallverdu i Poch, Josep/B-7121-2014; Burjachs, Francesc/G-2064-2015 OI Burjachs, Francesc/0000-0002-7200-9552 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [HUM2007-62915] FX The Departament de Cultura of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Diputacio de Barcelona, Ajuntament de Capellades, and Arts Grafiques Romanya-Valls S.A provided support for the Cinglera del Capello excavations. This research was partly sponsored by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (HUM2007-62915). We would like to thank Florent Rivals for correcting the French abstract and captions. We also want to thank Brian Edwards, Benjamin Schwartz and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC GEOLOGIQUE FRANCE PI PARIS PA 77, RUE CLAUDE-BERNARD, PARIS, F-75005, FRANCE SN 1142-2904 J9 QUATERNAIRE JI Quaternaire PD MAR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 226OI UT WOS:000325045300005 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, Clifford M. TI The 28th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1989 SO EPISODES LA English DT Article AB The 28th International Geological Congress (IGC) met from 9 to 19 August 1989 in Washington, District of Columbia, the site of the 5th (1891) and 16th (1933) IGCs. More than 6,000 persons, from the United States of America (USA) and 103 other countries, came to Washington for the 28th IGC, thirteen of them having previously attended the 16th IGC. The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences acted as the principal hosts, in cooperation with thirty scientific societies and seven industrial organizations. As sponsors, 115 organizations and five individuals provided financial support. The fourteen themes of the 360 scientific and technical sessions, and ninety poster-paper sessions, included aspects of the dynamic Earth in space and time, mathematical geology, and comparative planetology. Two half-day colloquia of invited presentations provided a planetary perspective on the Apollo lunar-landing program and the Earth's natural resources. Invited speakers in a late-afternoon series of plenary sessions gave forty-five-minute overviews of the international programs for the decade of natural disaster reduction, geological correlation, geosphere biosphere, lithosphere, ocean drilling, and sedimentary geology. Two hundred and thirty-three exhibitors, from twenty-six countries, presented displays. Other activities included a Youth Congress, evening lectures' and receptions, local tours, institutional exhibits, and an all-member evening picnic on the Mall on 18 July. Innovations included poster-paper sessions, an extensive program of short courses and workshops, the Gazette (a daily newspaper), and a field trip to Antarctica (in January 1989). One hundred and three additional field excursions, held before, during, or after the 28th IGC and each with a guidebook, took participants to geologically diverse parts of the USA, Antarctica, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The Congress's general-proceedings volume appeared in 1990. Surplus moneys from the Congress provided a foundation for a '28th IGC Fund', managed by the Geological Society of America Foundation, principally to support attendance at future IGCs and the preparation of the next IGC held in the USA. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 950 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cnelson@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC INDIA PI BANGALORE PA NO 63, 12TH CORSS, BASAPPA LAY OUT, GAVIPURAM PO, PO BOX 1922, BANGALORE, 560-019, INDIA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 191PY UT WOS:000322426300008 ER PT J AU Fincel, MJ Chipps, SR Graeb, BDS Edwards, KR AF Fincel, Mark J. Chipps, Steven R. Graeb, Brian D. S. Edwards, Kris R. TI Larval gizzard shad characteristics in Lake Oahe, South Dakota: a species at the northern edge of its range SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dorosoma cepedianum; age-0; zooplankton; spatial variability; population dynamics; forage species ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; DOROSOMA-CEPEDIANUM; LARGEMOUTH BASS; GROWTH; RESERVOIR; PREY; WALLEYE; ZOOPLANKTON; CONSUMPTION; PLANKTIVORE AB Gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, have generally been restricted to the lower Missouri River impoundments in South Dakota. In recent years, gizzard shad numbers have increased in Lake Oahe, marking the northern-most natural population. These increases could potentially affect recreational fishes. Specifically, questions arise about larval gizzard shad growth dynamics and if age-0 gizzard shad in Lake Oahe will exhibit fast or slow growth, both of which can have profound effects on piscivore populations in this reservoir. In this study, we evaluated larval gizzard shad hatch timing, growth, and density in Lake Oahe. We collected larval gizzard shad from six sites from May to July 2008 and used sagittal otoliths to estimate the growth and back-calculate the hatch date. We found that larval gizzard shad hatched earlier in the upper part of the reservoir compared to the lower portion and that hatch date appeared to correspond to warming water temperatures. The peak larval gizzard shad density ranged from 0.6 to 33.6 (#/100m(3)) and varied significantly among reservoir sites. Larval gizzard shad growth ranged from 0.24 to 0.57 (mm/d) and differed spatially within the reservoir. We found no relationship between the larval gizzard shad growth or density and small- or large-bodied zooplankton density (p>0.05). As this population exhibits slow growth and low densities, gizzard shad should remain a suitable forage option for recreational fishes in Lake Oahe. C1 [Fincel, Mark J.; Edwards, Kris R.] South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. [Fincel, Mark J.; Graeb, Brian D. S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, South Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Fincel, MJ (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Ft Pierre Dist Off, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA. EM Mark.Fincel@state.sd.us FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R, 1515]; US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX G. Adams Jr, B. Hanten, C. Longhenry, J. Lott, and K. Potter from South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks and Dr. M. Brown, Dr. B. Fincel, Dr. D. James, W. Schrek, B. Swanson, B. VanDeHey, Dr. J. VanDeHey, Dr. D. Willis, Dr. M. Wuellner, and A. Wuestewald provided technical assistance, reviews of earlier drafts, and field and laboratory assistance. Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1515, administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. The South Dakota Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish & Parks, South Dakota State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.709887 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900002 ER PT J AU Dzul, MC Quist, MC Dinsmore, SJ Gaines, DB Bower, MR AF Dzul, Maria C. Quist, Michael C. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Gaines, D. Bailey Bower, Michael R. TI Coarse-scale movement patterns of a small-bodied fish inhabiting a desert stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE movement patterns; sex ratio; pupfish; Death Valley; desert streams ID PUPFISH CYPRINODON; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; HABITAT PATCHES; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMIGRATION; SALMONIDS; EVOLUTION; PARADIGM; DYNAMICS AB Located on the floor of Death Valley (CA, USA), Salt Creek harbors a single fish species, the Salt Creek pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus salinus, which has adapted to this extremely harsh environment. Salt Creek is fed by an underground spring and is comprised of numerous pools, runs, and marshes that exhibit substantial variability in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. In addition, the wetted area of Salt Creek is reduced throughout the summer months due to high rates of evaporation, with some reaches drying completely. Therefore, it seems logical that short- and long-term movement patterns may play an important role in Salt Creek pupfish population dynamics. The objective of this study was to describe coarse-scale movements of Salt Creek pupfish in Salt Creek during their breeding season from March to May. Sex ratios and length-frequency distributions varied spatially within Salt Creek, suggesting population segregation during the breeding season. Long-distance movements were generally rare, although two fish moved more than 1.2km. Movement in upstream reaches was rare or absent, in contrast to the greater movement observed in downstream reaches (29% of recaptures). Temporal trends and demographic patterns in movement were not observed. Because the two most downstream habitats dry up in the summer, our results indicate that coarse-scale movements that re-populate downstream reaches likely occur during other times of year. Consequently, the importance of small- and large-scale movements is influenced by season. Further assessment of Salt Creek movement patterns conducted during other times of year may better illuminate long-distance movement patterns and source-sink dynamics. C1 [Dzul, Maria C.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gaines, D. Bailey] Natl Pk Serv, Pahrump, NV 89048 USA. [Bower, Michael R.] US Forest Serv, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Dzul, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mariadzul@gmail.com FU Death Valley Natural History Association (DVNHA); University of Idaho; US Geological Survey; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank the Death Valley Natural History Association (DVNHA) for helping fund this study. Candace Lieber (DVNHA) and David Blacker (DVNHA) were very helpful with logistics for the study. The study included an educational outreach component, organized by the National Park Service (NPS) and partly funded by DVNHA, which educated 244 elementary and high school students about Salt Creek pupfish ecology in Death Valley National Park. S. Kyriazis (NPS) helped organize educational curriculum for students. In addition, we are grateful for the help of K. Wilson (NPS). We thank numerous volunteers who helped with field sampling, including: D. Wyatt, S. Kyriazis (NPS), J. Snow (NPS), M. Tilman (NPS), J. Tilman (NPS), J. Stoltzfus (NPS), P. Slaton (NPS), V. Schultz, and L. Finn (NPS). Furthermore, J. Stark (NPS) provided help with GIS mapping of Salt Creek. S. Parmenter (California Department of Fish and Game) provided biological insight and helped with permitting. This study was conducted under the California Department of Fish and Game permit number 803089-02, and NPS permit number DEVA-2009-SCI-0038. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, US Geological Survey, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.718250 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900003 ER PT J AU Waldt, EM Abbett, R Johnson, JH Dittman, DE McKenna, JE AF Waldt, Emily M. Abbett, Ross Johnson, James H. Dittman, Dawn E. McKenna, James E. TI Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding periodicity; gut contents; nocturnal feeding; Anguilla rostrata ID NEW-ZEALAND; SELECTION; FOOD AB American eel (Anguilla rostrata), a once common species, is now in decline throughout much of its native range in North America. There is little information on the role of American eel in river food webs. A better understanding of the diet and ecological role of American eel will help in the conservation of this important species. During autumn 2009, eel and aquatic invertebrate samples were collected from Hannacroix Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River, in Albany and Greene counties, New York, USA. Eel diet was analyzed by the eel size and time period (day or night). A high proportion of eel stomachs were empty (73%). Eel diets varied among size classes and day and night feeding periods (p=0.001). Diet overlap was significant between small and medium eels caught both during the day (=0.71) and at night (=0.84). Nocturnal diet and nocturnal invertebrate samples were similar (=0.65), indicating a preference for bottom feeding during the night. Mayfly nymphs were the major prey consumed in each period by all size classes. Among eels that fed, night-feeding eels had the greatest stomach weight (as a percent of total body weight). The swim-bladder parasite, Anguillicoloides crassus, was also observed in eels of all size classes with nearly 50% afflicted. C1 [Waldt, Emily M.; Abbett, Ross; Johnson, James H.; Dittman, Dawn E.; McKenna, James E.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. RP Waldt, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. EM ewaldt@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.706755 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900009 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Abbett, R Waldt, E David, A Snyder, J AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Abbett, Ross Waldt, Emily David, Anthony Snyder, James TI Hybrid seine for full fish community collections SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beach seine; fish assemblage; gear efficiency; rare species; hybrid gear ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; ESTUARINE FISHES; RIVER AB Seines are simple and effective fish collection gears, but the net mesh size influences how well the catch represents the fish communities. We designed and tested a hybrid seine with a dual-mesh bag (1/4 and 1/8) and compared the fish assemblage collected by each mesh. The fine-mesh net retained three times as many fish and collected more species (as many as eight), including representatives of several rare species, than did the coarser mesh. The dual-mesh bag permitted us to compare both sizes and species retained by each layer and to develop species-specific abundance correction factors, which allowed comparison of catches with the coarse-mesh seine used for earlier collections. The results indicate that a hybrid seine with coarse-mesh wings and a fine-mesh bag would enhance future studies of fish communities, especially when small-bodied fishes or early life stages are the research focus. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Abbett, Ross; Waldt, Emily] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [David, Anthony; Snyder, James] St Regis Mohawk Tribe, Environm Div, Hogansburg, NY 13655 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1080/02705060.2012.695752 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 189XZ UT WOS:000322302900012 ER PT J AU Cooney, PB Kwak, TJ AF Cooney, Patrick B. Kwak, Thomas J. TI Spatial Extent and Dynamics of Dam Impacts on Tropical Island Freshwater Fish Assemblages SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; diadromy; fish passage; restoration; road crossings ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; PUERTO-RICO; WEST-INDIES; DIADROMOUS FISHES; LONGITUDINAL CONNECTIVITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PASSAGE FACILITIES; HAWAIIAN STREAM; HABITAT; POPULATION AB Habitat connectivity is vital to the persistence of migratory fishes. Native tropical island stream fish assemblages composed of diadromous species require intact corridors between ocean and riverine habitats. High dams block fish migration, but low-head artificial barriers are more widespread and are rarely assessed for impacts. Among all 46 drainages in Puerto Rico, we identified and surveyed 335 artificial barriers that hinder fish migration to 74.5% of the upstream habitat. We also surveyed occupancy of native diadromous fishes (Anguillidae, Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Mugilidae) in 118 river reaches. Occupancy models demonstrated that barriers 2 meters (m) high restricted nongoby fish migration and extirpated those fish upstream of 4-m barriers. Gobies are adapted to climbing and are restricted by 12-m barriers and extirpated upstream of 32-m barriers. Our findings quantitatively illustrate the extensive impact of low-head structures on island stream fauna and provide guidance for natural resource management, habitat restoration, and water development strategies. C1 [Cooney, Patrick B.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cooney, Patrick B.; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Cooney, PB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pbcooney@ncsu.edu; tkwak@ncsu.edu FU Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration funds [F-50]; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Branch of Habitat Restoration; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by grants from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration funds (Project F-50) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Branch of Habitat Restoration. Craig Lilyestrom, Jose Berrios Diaz, Miguel Garcia Bermudez, Nora Alvarez Berrios, Nitza Massini Padilla, Astrid Rodriguez Febus, Leo Miranda, Tamara McCandless, Elissa Buttermore, William Smith, and Gretchen Stokes assisted with administration, logistics, and fieldwork. Ryan Heise and Craig Lilyestrom provided constructive manuscript reviews, and Krishna Pacifici shared statistical expertise. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 3 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 186MI UT WOS:000322048200006 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Barras, JA Williams, SJ AF Brock, John C. Barras, John A. Williams, S. Jeffress TI Introduction to the Special Issue on "Understanding and Predicting Change in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Northern Gulf of Mexico" SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Sea-level rise; hurricanes; vulnerability; modeling; wetland loss; mapping; erosion; paleoclimate; sedimentation; marsh ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; DYNAMIC CHANGES AB The coastal region of the northern Gulf of Mexico owes its current landscape structure to an array of tectonic, erosional and depositional, climatic, geochemical, hydrological, ecological, and human processes that have resulted in some of the world's most complex, dynamic, productive, and threatened ecosystems. Catastrophic hurricane landfalls, ongoing subsidence and erosion exacerbated by sea-level rise, disintegration of barrier island chains, and high rates of wetland loss have called attention to the vulnerability of northern Gulf coast ecosystems, habitats, built infrastructure, and economy to natural and anthropogenic threats. The devastating hurricanes of 2005 (Katrina and Rita) motivated the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and partnering researchers to pursue studies aimed at understanding and predicting landscape change and the associated storm hazard vulnerability of northern Gulf coast region ecosystems and human communities. Attaining this science goal requires increased knowledge of landscape evolution on geologic, historical, and human time scales, and analysis of the implications of such changes in the natural and built components of the landscape for hurricane impact susceptibility. This Special Issue of the Journal of Coastal Research communicates northern Gulf of Mexico research results that (1) improve knowledge of prior climates and depositional environments, (2) assess broad regional ecosystem structure and change over Holocene to human time scales, (3) undertake process studies and change analyses of dynamic landscape components, and (4) integrate framework, climate, variable time and spatial scale mapping, monitoring, and discipline-specific process investigations within interdisciplinary studies. C1 [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jbrock@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 32 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.2112/SI63-001.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600001 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Tedesco, KA Spear, JW AF Poore, Richard Z. Tedesco, Kathy A. Spear, Jessica W. TI Seasonal Flux and Assemblage Composition of Planktic Foraminifers from a Sediment-Trap Study in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea-surface temperature; seasonal variability; Holocene; mg/ca; globorotalia truncatulinoides; neogloboquadrina dutertrei; pulleniatina; globorotalia menardii; globigerinoides ruber; globigerinoides sacculifer ID DEEP-WATER FLUXES; SARGASSO SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CARIACO BASIN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MG/CA; VENEZUELA; HOLOCENE AB Sediment-trap samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico reveal that Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina spp. (includes P. obliquiloculata and P. finalis), and the Globorotalia menardii group (includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata) generally occur in cold months. Globigerinoides ruber (white and pink varieties) and Globigerinoides sacculifer occur throughout the year. The seasonal occurrence of individual taxa of planktic foraminifers in the Gulf of Mexico have important differences with the seasonal occurrence of the same taxa observed in a 6-year sediment-trap dataset from the western Sargasso Sea. Thus information on the ecologic preferences of individual taxa determined in one region cannot necessarily be applied directly to another area. In the northern Gulf of Mexico similar to 90% of the total flux of Globorotalia truncatulinoides tests to sediments occurs in January and February. Mg/Ca and d(18)O measurements indicate that nonencrusted forms of Gt. truncatulinoides calcify in the upper-surface-mixed zone. Thus, analyses of nonencrusted Gt. truncatulinoides in sediments of the northern Gulf of Mexico have potential for monitoring past conditions in the winter-surface-mixed layer. The relatively low overall abundance of Globigerinoides ruber (white) in sediment-trap samples is anomalous because Gs. ruber (white) is one of the most abundant foraminifers in >150 mu m census data from northern Gulf of Mexico Holocene sediment core samples. Globigerinoides ruber (pink) is a relatively persistent and common component of the sediment-trap samples. Thus Gs. ruber (pink) has potential as a proxy for mean annual sea-surface temperature in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Tedesco, Kathy A.] Intergovt Oceanog Commiss UNESCO, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project IOCCP, F-75732 Paris 15, France. [Spear, Jessica W.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rpoore@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 6 EP 19 DI 10.2112/SI63-002.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600002 ER PT J AU Flannery, JA Poore, RZ AF Flannery, Jennifer A. Poore, Richard Z. TI Sr/Ca Proxy Sea-Surface Temperature Reconstructions from Modern and Holocene Montastraea faveolata Specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coral; paleoclimate; Caribbean; calibration ID CORAL SKELETONS; CLIMATE; THERMOMETRY; RECORD AB Sr/Ca ratios from skeletal samples from two Montastraea faveolata corals (one modem, one Holocene, similar to 6 Ka) from the Dry Tortugas National Park were measured as a proxy for sea-surface temperature (SST). We sampled coral specimens with a computer- driven triaxial micromilling machine, which yielded an average of 15 homogenous samples per annual growth increment. We regressed Sr/Ca values from resulting powdered samples against a local SST record to obtain a calibration equation of Sr/Ca = -0.0392 SST + 10.205, R = -0.97. The resulting calibration was used to generate a 47-year modem (1961-2008) and a 7-year Holocene (similar to 6 Ka) Sr/Ca subannually resolved proxy record of SST. The modem M faveolata yields well-defined annual Sr/Ca cycles ranging in amplitude from similar to 0.3 and 0.5 mmol/mol. The amplitude of similar to 0.3 to 0.5 mmol/mol equates to a similar to 10-15 degrees C seasonal SST amplitude, which is consistent with available local instrumental records. Summer maxima proxy SSTs calculated from the modem coral Sr/Ca tend to be fairly stable: most SST maxima from 1961-2008 are 29 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. In contrast, winter minimum SST calculated in the 47-year modem time-series are highly variable, with a cool interval in the early to mid-1970s. The Holocene (similar to 6 Ka) Montastraea faveolata coral also yields distinct annual Sr/Ca cycles with amplitudes ranging from similar to 0.3 to 0.6 mmol/mol. Absolute Sr/Ca values and thus resulting SST estimates over the similar to 7-year long record are similar to those from the modem coral. We conclude that Sr/Ca from Montastraea faveolata has high potential for developing subannually resolved Holocene SST records. C1 [Flannery, Jennifer A.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marince Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Flannery, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marince Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jflannery@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.2112/SI63-003.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600003 ER PT J AU Twichell, DC Flocks, JG Pendleton, EA Baldwin, WE AF Twichell, David C. Flocks, James G. Pendleton, Elizabeth A. Baldwin, Wayne E. TI Geologic Controls on Regional and Local Erosion Rates of Three Northern Gulf of Mexico Barrier-Island Systems SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Morphology; coastal processes; inner shelf; sediment; Chandeleur Islands; Ship Island; St. George Island ID LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEA-LEVEL; LOUISIANA; FRAMEWORK; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; CAROLINA; ALABAMA; CHAIN; USA AB The stratigraphy of sections of three barrier island systems in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (Apalachicola, Mississippi, and Chandeleur) have been mapped using geophysical and coring techniques to assess the influence of geologic variations in barrier lithosomes and adjoining inner shelf deposits on long-term rates of shoreline change at regional and local scales. Regional scale was addressed by comparing average geologic characteristics of the three areas with mean shoreline-change rates for each area. Regionally, differences in sand volume contained within the part of the barrier lithosome above sea level, sand volume on the inner shelf, and to a lesser extent, sediment grain size correlate with shoreline change rates. Larger sand volumes and coarser grain sizes are found where erosion rates are lower. Local scale was addressed by comparing alongshore variations in barrier island and inner shelf geology with alongshore variations in shoreline change. Locally, long-term shoreline change rates are highest directly shoreward of paleovalleys exposed on the inner shelf. While geology is not the sole explanation for observed differences in shoreline change along these three coastal regions, it is a significant contributor to change variability. C1 [Twichell, David C.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Baldwin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flocks, James G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Twichell, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dtwichell@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 32 EP 45 DI 10.2112/SI63-004.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600004 ER PT J AU Reich, CD Poore, RZ Hickey, TD AF Reich, Christopher D. Poore, Richard Z. Hickey, Todd D. TI The Role of Vermetid Gastropods in the Development of the Florida Middle Ground, Northeast Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lithostratigraphy; sea level; radiocarbon dating; Holocene; Pleistocene; sedimentology ID SEA-LEVEL; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; REEFS; CARBONATE; INDICATORS; HISTORY; MARGIN AB The Florida Middle Ground is a complex of north to northwest trending ridges that lie approximately 180 km northwest of Tampa Bay, Florida. The irregular ridges appear on the otherwise gently sloping West Florida shelf and exhibit between 10-15 m of relief. Modern studies interpret the ridges as remnants of a Holocene coral-reef buildup that today provide a hard substrate for growth of a variety of benthic organisms including hydrocorals, scleractinians, alcyonarians, and algae. Recent rotary coring reveals that the core of the eastern ridge of the Florida Middle Ground complex consists of unconsolidated marine calcareous muddy sand that is capped by a boundstone composed primarily of the sessile vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus sp., and overlays a weathered, fossiliferous limestone. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon ages (uncalibrated) on the 3.6-m thick vermetid worm rock indicate that it developed during a sea-level stillstand in the early Holocene (8,225 +/- 30-8,910 +/- 25 yr B.P.). Our observations suggest that the Florida Middle Ground is a remnant of a series of shore parallel bars that formed in the early Holocene and were capped by a 3.6-m thick unit of vermetid gastropods. During a rapid sea-level rise that began similar to 8,000 yr B.P. the vermetids growth ceased and the worm rock preserved the ridges structure. Diver observations document that the edges of the ridges are currently being eroded and undermined by biological activity and current action, leading to calving of large capstone blocks. C1 [Reich, Christopher D.; Poore, Richard Z.; Hickey, Todd D.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Reich, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM creich@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Special gratitude goes to the following dive team members for pulling off the difficult task of collecting the cores: Lee Bodkin, Adam Brame, Kayla Gibbs, Paul Knorr, Keith Ludwig, Justin McInnis, B.J. Reynolds, and Jordan Sanford of the USGS; Anastasio Stathakopoulos of the National Coral Reef Institute at Nova Southeastern University; Libby Carnahan of Florida Sea Grant; and our dive safety officer (DSO) Marc Blouin (USGS). Without the expertise and graciousness of the captain and crew of the M/V Spree this work would not have been completed. Thanks go to Jack McGeehin for radiocarbon analyses, John Jackson for XRD analyses and Lisa Osterman for foraminiferal assemblage identification. Gene Shinn, Al Hine and Stan Locker were essential in providing detailed multibeam and seismic profiles for site selection and discussions on the knowledge of the FMG. Thanks to Thomas Scott and Sam Upchurch at SDII-Global, Inc., and Lynn Wingard and Lucy Edwards of the USGS for assistance in sample identification. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.2112/SI63-005.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600005 ER PT J AU Couvillion, BR Beck, H AF Couvillion, Brady R. Beck, Holly TI Marsh Collapse Thresholds for Coastal Louisiana Estimated Using Elevation and Vegetation Index Data SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marsh collapse; inundation depth; Louisiana; wetland change ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SALT-MARSH; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SALINITY; SUBMERGENCE; RESPONSES; GROWTH; RESTORATION; CAROLINA AB Forecasting marsh collapse in coastal Louisiana as a result of changes in sea-level rise, subsidence, and accretion deficits necessitates an understanding of thresholds beyond which inundation stress impedes marsh survival. The variability in thresholds at which different marsh types cease to occur (Le., marsh collapse) is not well understood. We utilized remotely sensed imagery, field data, and elevation data to help gain insight into the relationships between vegetation health and inundation. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset was calculated using remotely sensed data at peak biomass (August) and used as a proxy for vegetation health and productivity. Statistics were calculated for NDVI values by marsh type for intermediate, brackish, and saline marsh in coastal Louisiana. Marsh-type specific NDVI values of 1.5 and 2 standard deviations below the mean were used as upper and lower limits to identify conditions indicative of collapse. As marshes seldom occur beyond these values, they are believed to represent a range within which marsh collapse is likely to occur. Inundation depth was selected as the primary candidate for evaluation of marsh collapse thresholds. Elevation relative to mean water level (MWL) was calculated by subtracting MWL from an elevation dataset compiled from multiple data types including light detection and ranging (lidar) and bathymetry. A polynomial cubic regression was used to examine a random subset of pixels to determine the relationship between elevation (relative to MWL) and NDVI. The marsh collapse uncertainty range values were found by locating the intercept of the regression line with the 1.5 and 2 standard deviations below the mean NDVI value for each marsh type. Results indicate marsh collapse uncertainty ranges of 30.7-35.8 cm below MWL for intermediate marsh, 20-25.6 cm below MWL for brackish marsh, and 16.9-23.5 cm below MWL for saline marsh. These values are thought to represent the ranges of inundation depths within which marsh collapse is probable. C1 [Couvillion, Brady R.; Beck, Holly] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Couvillion, BR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM couvillionb@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority as part of Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast; USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project FX This research was aided considerably by the cooperation and technical support of the USGS Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS) Center. Funding for this effort was provided by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority as part of Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. Additional funding was provided by the USGS Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 33 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.2112/SI63-006.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600006 ER PT J AU Smith, CG Osterman, LE Poore, RZ AF Smith, Christopher G. Osterman, Lisa E. Poore, Richard Z. TI An Examination of Historical Inorganic Sedimentation and Organic Matter Accumulation in Several Marsh Types within the Mobile Bay and Mobile-Tensaw River Delta Region SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lead-210 geochronology; mass accumulation rates; hurricanes; floods ID FRESH-WATER MARSH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; RATES; ACCRETION; ALABAMA; PB-210; CS-137; HURRICANES; EVOLUTION AB Mass accumulation rates (MAR; g cm(-2) y(-1)), linear sedimentation rates (LSR; cm y(-1)), and core geochronology derived from excess lead-210 (Pb-210) profiles and inventories measured in six sediment cores collected from marsh sites from the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta and Mobile Bay region record the importance of both continuous and event-driven inorganic sedimentation over the last 120 years. MAR in freshwater marshes varied considerably between sites and through time (0.24 and 1.31 g cm(-2) y(-1)). The highest MARs occurred in the 1950s and 1960s and correspond to record discharge events along the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers. In comparison, MAR at salt marsh sites increased almost threefold over the last 120 years (0.05 to 0.18 g cm(-2) y(-1) or 0.23 to 0.48 cm y(-1)). From 1880 to 1960, organic accumulation remained fairly constant (similar to 20%), while intermittent pulses of high inorganic sedimentation were observed following 1960. The pulses in inorganic sedimentation coincide with several major hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Camille, Fredric, Georges, and Ivan). The nearly threefold increase in MAR in salt marshes during the last 120 years would thus appear to be partially dependent on inorganic sedimentation from storm events. This study shows that while hurricanes, floods, and other natural hazards are well-known threats to human infrastructure and coastal ecosystems, these events also transport sediment to marshes that help abate other pressures such as sea-level rise (SLR) and subsidence. C1 [Smith, Christopher G.; Osterman, Lisa E.; Poore, Richard Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Smith, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM cgsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project FX Funding for this research was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The authors would like to thank Christopher Reich, Adis Muslic, Jeffrey Frazier, Margaret Marot, and Katie Richwine of the USGS for their continued support in the lab and in the field, and Dr. Joseph Smoak and Thomas Harmon (University of South Florida-St. Petersburg). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the Federal Government. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.2112/SI63-011.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600007 ER PT J AU Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M Kranenburg, C Barras, JA Brock, JC AF Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica Kranenburg, Christine Barras, John A. Brock, John C. TI Land Loss Due to Recent Hurricanes in Coastal Louisiana, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Global mean sea level; relative sea level; sea-level rise; coast; climate change; coastal erosion; barrier island; coastal vulnerability; adaptation; coastal hazards ID FEATURES; IMAGERY; INDEX AB The aim of this study is to improve estimates of wetland land loss in two study regions of coastal Louisiana, U.S.A., due to the extreme storms that impacted the region between 2004 and 2009. The estimates are based on change-detection-mapping analysis that incorporates pre and postlandfall (Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike) fractional-water classifications using a combination of high-resolution (<5 m) QuickBird, IKONOS, and GeoEye-1, and medium-resolution (30 m) Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. This process was applied in two study areas: the Hackberry area located in the southwestern part of chenier plain that was impacted by Hurricanes Rita (September 24, 2005) and Ike (September 13, 2008), and the Delacroix area located in the eastern delta plain that was impacted by Hurricanes Katrina (August 29, 2005) and Gustav (September 1, 2008). In both areas, effects of the hurricanes include enlargement of existing bodies of open water and erosion of fringing marsh areas. Surge-removed marsh was easily identified in stable marshes but was difficult to identify in degraded or flooded marshes. Persistent land loss in the Hackberry area due to Hurricane Rita was approximately 5.8% and increased by an additional 7.9% due to Hurricane Ike, although this additional area may yet recover. About 80% of the Hackberry study area remained unchanged since 2003. In the Delacroix area, persistent land loss due to Hurricane Katrina measured approximately 4.9% of the study area, while Hurricane Gustav caused minimal impact of 0.6% land loss by November 2009. Continued recovery in this area may further erase Hurricane Gustav's impact in the absence of new storm events. C1 [Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kranenburg, Christine] US Geol Survey, CNTS, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mpal@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 45 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.2112/SI63-009.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600009 ER PT J AU Suir, GM Evers, DE Steyer, GD Sasser, CE AF Suir, Glenn M. Evers, D. Elaine Steyer, Gregory D. Sasser, Charles E. TI Development of a Reproducible Method for Determining Quantity of Water and its Configuration in a Marsh Landscape SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Landscape characterization; fragmentation metrics; landscape pattern analysis; wetlands; coastal Louisiana; geospatial technologies ID METRICS; SCALE; PATTERN AB Coastal Louisiana is a dynamic and ever-changing landscape. From 1956 to 2010, over 3,734 km(2) of Louisiana's coastal wetlands have been lost due to a combination of natural and human-induced activities. The resulting landscape constitutes a mosaic of conditions from highly deteriorated to relatively stable with intact landmasses. Understanding how and why coastal landscapes change over time is critical to restoration and rehabilitation efforts. Historically, changes in marsh pattern (i.e., size and spatial distribution of marsh landmasses and water bodies) have been distinguished using visual identification by individual researchers. Difficulties associated with this approach include subjective interpretation, uncertain reproducibility, and laborious techniques. In order to minimize these limitations, this study aims to expand existing tools and techniques via a computer-based method, which uses geospatial technologies for determining shifts in landscape patterns. Our method is based on a raster framework and uses landscape statistics to develop conditions and thresholds for a marsh classification scheme. The classification scheme incorporates land and water classified imagery and a two-part classification system: (1) ratio of water to land, and (2) configuration and connectivity of water within wetland landscapes to evaluate changes in marsh patterns. This analysis system can also be used to trace trajectories in landscape patterns through space and time. Overall, our method provides a more automated means of quantifying landscape patterns and may serve as a reliable landscape evaluation tool for future investigations of wetland ecosystem processes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Suir, Glenn M.] Louisiana State Univ, US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Evers, D. Elaine; Sasser, Charles E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Steyer, Gregory D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Suir, GM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3253 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Glenn.M.Suir@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, Gulf of Mexico Region, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, Gulf of Mexico Region (Formerly Mineral Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region) Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region. We are grateful to our colleagues Craig Conzelmann and William Sleavin for provision of data processing and transformation applications. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.2112/SI63-010.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600010 ER PT J AU Steyer, GD Couvillion, BR Barras, JA AF Steyer, Gregory D. Couvillion, Brady R. Barras, John A. TI Monitoring Vegetation Response to Episodic Disturbance Events by Using Multitemporal Vegetation Indices SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Change detection; coastal wetlands; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Rita; marsh vegetation communities; MODIS; multitemporal imagery; NDVI; spectral vegetation indices ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MARSH VEGETATION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; COASTAL VEGETATION; BRACKISH MARSH; NOAA-AVHRR; SALT-MARSH; MODIS EVI; NDVI DATA; LOUISIANA AB Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S) satellite imagery and land/water assessments from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery were used to quantify the extent and severity of damage and subsequent recovery after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita of 2005 within the vegetation communities of Louisiana's coastal wetlands. Field data on species composition and total live cover were collected from 232 unique plots during multiple time periods to corroborate changes in NDVI values overtime. A prehurricane 5-year baseline time series clearly identified NDVI values by habitat type, suggesting the sensitivity of NDVI to assess and monitor phenological changes in coastal wetland habitats. Monthly data from March 2005 to November 2006 were compared to the baseline average to create a departure from average statistic. Departures suggest that over 33% (4,714 km(2)) of the prestorm, coastal wetlands experienced a substantial decline in the density and vigor of vegetation by October 2005 (poststorm), mostly in the east and west regions, where landfalls of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita occurred. The percentage of area of persistent vegetation damage due to long-lasting formation of new open water was 91.8% in the east and 81.0% and 29.0% in the central and west regions, respectively. Although below average NDVI values were observed in most marsh communities through November 2006, recovery of vegetation was evident. Results indicated that impacts and recovery from large episodic disturbance events that influence multiple habitat types can be accurately determined using NDVI, especially when integrated with assessments of physical landscape changes and field verifications. C1 [Steyer, Gregory D.; Couvillion, Brady R.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Barras, John A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Steyer, GD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM steyerg@usgs.gov FU LCA Science and Technology Program FX We thank Sarai Piazza (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)), Brian Perez (CH2M Hill), Leigh Anne Sharp (Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority), Alaina Owens (The Water Institute of the Gulf), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for field support in conducting this research. We also acknowledge Connie Herndon (USGS) for editorial support and Clint Padgett (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and Dewitt Braud (Louisiana State University) for helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We recognize financial support from the LCA Science and Technology Program. Any use of trade names or products is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 118 EP 130 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600011 ER PT J AU Gesch, DB AF Gesch, Dean B. TI Consideration of Vertical Uncertainty in Elevation-Based Sea-Level Rise Assessments: Mobile Bay, Alabama Case Study SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; digital elevation model; lidar; vertical datum; vulnerability ID DATUM TRANSFORMATION TOOL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL ZONES; IMPACTS; VULNERABILITY; ATLANTIC; LIDAR; DEM AB The accuracy with which coastal topography has been mapped directly affects the reliability and usefulness of elevation-based sea-level rise vulnerability assessments. Recent research has shown that the qualities of the elevation data must be well understood to properly model potential impacts. The cumulative vertical uncertainty has contributions from elevation data error, water level data uncertainties, and vertical datum and transformation uncertainties. The concepts of minimum sea-level rise increment and minimum planning timeline, important parameters for an elevation-based sea-level rise assessment, are used in recognition of the inherent vertical uncertainty of the underlying data. These concepts were applied to conduct a sea-level rise vulnerability assessment of the Mobile Bay, Alabama, region based on high-quality lidar-derived elevation data. The results that detail the area and associated resources (land cover, population, and infrastructure) vulnerable to a 1.18-m sea-level rise by the year 2100 are reported as a range of values (at the 95% confidence level) to account for the vertical uncertainty in the base data. Examination of the tabulated statistics about land cover, population, and infrastructure in the minimum and maximum vulnerable areas shows that these resources are not uniformly distributed throughout the overall vulnerable zone. The methods demonstrated in the Mobile Bay analysis provide an example of how to consider and properly account for vertical uncertainty in elevation-based sea-level rise vulnerability assessments, and the advantages of doing so. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gesch, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gesch@usgs.gov OI Gesch, Dean/0000-0002-8992-4933 FU USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program FX The USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program provided partial funding for this work. The research reported here is part of a larger USGS effort, the Northern Gulf Coast Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility project (see http://ngom.usgs.gov/), a multiyear project funded by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology program. The contributions of the following individuals are gratefully acknowledged: Jeff Danielson (USGS) and Danny Howard (SGT, Inc., contractor to the USGS), for development of the multisource digital elevation model; and Sandra Poppenga (USGS), for dasymetric population mapping. The author also thanks the reviewers for numerous helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.2112/SI63-016.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600016 ER PT J AU Glick, P Clough, J Polaczyk, A Couvillion, B Nunley, B AF Glick, Patty Clough, Jonathan Polaczyk, Amy Couvillion, Brady Nunley, Brad TI Potential Effects of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Wetlands in Southeastern Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marsh accretion; river diversion; sediments; SLAMM; subsidence ID RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; VERTICAL ACCRETION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL FORMATION; HABITAT CHANGE; ICE-SHEET; MARSH; WATER AB Coastal Louisiana wetlands contain about 37% of the estuarine herbaceous marshes in the conterminous United States, The long-term stability of coastal wetlands is often a function of a wetland's ability to maintain elevation equilibrium with mean sea level through processes such as primary production and sediment accretion. However, Louisiana has sustained more coastal wetland loss than all other states in the continental United States combined due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including sea-level rise. This study investigates the potential impact of current and accelerating sea-level rise rates on key coastal wetland habitats in southeastern Louisiana using the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM). Model calibration was conducted using a 1956-2007 observation period and hindcasting results predicted 35% versus observed 39% total marsh loss. Multiple sea-level-rise scenarios were then simulated for the period of 2007-2100. Results indicate a range of potential wetland losses by 2100, from an additional 2,188.97 km(2) (218,897 ha, 9% of the 2007 wetland area) under the lowest sea-level-rise scenario (0.34 m), to a potential loss of 5,875.27 km(2) (587,527 ha, 24% of the 2007 wetland area) in the highest sea-level-rise scenario (1.9 m). Model results suggest that one area of particular concern is the potential vulnerability of the region's baldcypress-water tupelo (Taxodium distichum-Nyssa aquatica) swamp habitat, much of which is projected to become permanently flooded (affecting regeneration) under all modeled scenarios for sea-level rise. These findings will aid in the development of ecosystem management plans that support the processes and conditions that result in sustainable coastal ecosystems. C1 [Glick, Patty] Natl Wildlife Federat, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Clough, Jonathan; Polaczyk, Amy] Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Waitsfield, VT 05673 USA. [Couvillion, Brady] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Livestock Show Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Glick, P (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Federat, 2100 Westlake Ave North Suite 107, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM glick@nwf.org FU Walton Family Foundation FX We sincerely thank the following individuals for providing invaluable assistance and advice in the development of this study: John Barras, John Brock, Virginia Burkett, Greg Steyer, Cindy Thatcher, and Hongqing Wang of USGS; Brian Czech, Leo Miranda, and Bill Wilen of USFWS; Don Boesch of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Cindy Brown of The Nature Conservancy of Louisiana; Syed Khalil and James Pahl of the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana; Jay Martin of Ohio State University; Dick Park of Eco Modeling; Jay Ratcliff of the U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center; and Robert Twilley of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. We also appreciate the assistance of Marco Propato of Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Inc., for his assistance with formatting figures. This project was made possible through a generous grant from the Walton Family Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 131 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 12 U2 90 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 211 EP 233 DI 10.2112/SI63-0017.1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600017 ER PT J AU Thatcher, CA Brock, JC Pendleton, EA AF Thatcher, Cindy A. Brock, John C. Pendleton, Elizabeth A. TI Economic Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise along the Northern US Gulf Coast SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Relative sea-level rise; coastal vulnerability index; economic value; coastal infrastructure; Gulf of Mexico ID ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AB The northern Gulf of Mexico coast of the United States has been identified as highly vulnerable to sea-level rise, based on a combination of physical and societal factors. Vulnerability of human populations and infrastructure to projected increases in sea level is a critical area of uncertainty for communities in the extremely low-lying and flat northern gulf coastal zone. A rapidly growing population along some parts of the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline is further increasing the potential societal and economic impacts of projected sea-level rise in the region, where observed relative rise rates range from 0.75 to 9.95 mm per year on the Gulf coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. A 1-m elevation threshold was chosen as an inclusive designation of the coastal zone vulnerable to relative sea-level rise, because of uncertainty associated with sea-level rise projections. This study applies a Coastal Economic Vulnerability Index (CEVI) to the northern Gulf of Mexico region, which includes both physical and economic factors that contribute to societal risk of impacts from rising sea level. The economic variables incorporated in the CEVI include human population, urban land cover, economic value of key types of infrastructure, and residential and commercial building values. The variables are standardized and combined to produce a quantitative index value for each 1-km coastal segment, highlighting areas where human populations and the built environment are most at risk. This information can be used by coastal managers as they allocate limited resources for ecosystem restoration, beach nourishment, and coastal-protection infrastructure. The study indicates a large amount of variability in index values along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline, and highlights areas where long-term planning to enhance resiliency is particularly needed. C1 [Thatcher, Cindy A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pendleton, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Thatcher, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM thatcherc@usgs.gov OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X FU USGS FX The coastal economic vulnerability index assessment was funded by the USGS. We thank David Twitchell and David Donato for comments on the initial study concept, and we thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism of earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dean Gesch for assistance with the accuracy assessment of the digital elevation model. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 51 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2013 SI 63 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.2112/SI63-017.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 173KE UT WOS:000321077600018 ER PT J AU Newby, JR Mills, LS Ruth, TK Pletscher, DH Mitchell, MS Quigley, HB Murphy, KM DeSimone, R AF Newby, Jesse R. Mills, L. Scott Ruth, Toni K. Pletscher, Daniel H. Mitchell, Michael S. Quigley, Howard B. Murphy, Kerry M. DeSimone, Rich TI Human-caused mortality influences spatial population dynamics: Pumas in landscapes with varying mortality risks SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Population contribution; Puma concolor; Source-sink; Spatially structured populations ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; HUNTED POPULATION; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CARNIVORE MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; COUGAR DEMOGRAPHY; PROTECTED AREAS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; IMMIGRATION AB An understanding of how stressors affect dispersal attributes and the contribution of local populations to multi-population dynamics are of immediate value to basic and applied ecology. Puma (Puma concolor) populations are expected to be influenced by inter-population movements and susceptible to human-induced source-sink dynamics. Using long-term datasets we quantified the contribution of two puma populations to operationally define them as sources or sinks. The puma population in the Northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (NGYE) was largely insulated from human-induced mortality by Yellowstone National Park. Pumas in the western Montana Garnet Mountain system were exposed to greater human-induced mortality, which changed over the study due to the closure of a 915 km(2) area to hunting. The NGYE's population growth depended on inter-population movements, as did its ability to act as a source to the larger region. The heavily hunted Garnet area was a sink with a declining population until the hunting closure, after which it became a source with positive intrinsic growth and a 16x increase in emigration. We also examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of individual dispersal attributes (emigration, dispersal distance, establishment success) of subadult pumas (N = 126). Human-caused mortality was found to negatively impact all three dispersal components. Our results demonstrate the influence of human-induced mortality on not only within population vital rates, but also inter-population vital rates, affecting the magnitude and mechanisms of local population's contribution to the larger metapopulation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Newby, Jesse R.; Mills, L. Scott; Pletscher, Daniel H.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Newby, Jesse R.; Quigley, Howard B.] Craighead Beringia South, Kelly, WY 83011 USA. [Ruth, Toni K.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Quigley, Howard B.] Panthera, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Murphy, Kerry M.] Bridger Teton Natl Forest, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [DeSimone, Rich] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Newby, JR (reprint author), Craighead Beringia South, Teton Cougar Project, 1495 Riverbend Rd, Superior, MT 59872 USA. EM jesse.newby@gmail.com RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X FU Craighead Beringia South; Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute; Montana Department of Fish Wildlife Parks; Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; Panthera; Panthera-Kaplan Graduate Awards Program; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Summerlee Foundation; University of Montana; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Conservation Society; Yellowstone National Park; NSF DEB [0841884]; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX Research was supported by Craighead Beringia South, Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute, Montana Department of Fish Wildlife & Parks, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Panthera, Panthera-Kaplan Graduate Awards Program, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Summerlee Foundation, University of Montana, U.S. Geological Survey, Wildlife Conservation Society, and Yellowstone National Park. LSM acknowledges support from NSF DEB (0841884) and USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. Our thanks to L. Anderson, S. Ard, B. Chapman, D. Chapman, R. Gipe, S. Monger, D. Powell, D. Stradley, and R. Stradley for flying services. Successful data collection was made possible by the efforts of D. Beaver, P. Buotte, S. Carsen, T. Chilton, J. Cole, T. Coleman, R. Cooper, W. Craddock, V. Edwards, G. Felzien, T. Fredrickson, M. Graf, G. Hedrick, T. Hollow, B. Holmes, J. Husseman, R. Jaffe, A. lakes, M. Johnson, C. Kelly, T. Knuchel, M. Maples, S. McGee, D. Powell, J. Powers, S. Powers, S. Relyea, M. Sawaya, B. Semmens, E. Shanahan, B. Sheppard, B. Shinn, S. Shrout, B. Shultz, J. Sikich, D. Stahler, M. Trapkus, B. Wiesner. M. Hornocker and L. Hunter provided steadfast support. Special thanks to H. Robinson and P. Buotte for their insightful advice concerning analytical approaches and puma ecology. Thanks to D. Smith and D. Thompson for reviewing the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 159 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.018 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160DF UT WOS:000320096300028 ER PT J AU Thupaki, P Phanikumar, MS Whitman, RL AF Thupaki, Pramod Phanikumar, Mantha S. Whitman, Richard L. TI Solute dispersion in the coastal boundary layer of southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CORPUS-CHRISTI BAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GREAT-LAKES; DIFFUSION-PROCESSES; MIXED-LAYER; FLOW; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; BEACH; WATER AB We evaluate a three-dimensional, nested-grid nearshore model of Lake Michigan for its ability to describe key aspects of hydrodynamics and solute transport using data from a field study conducted in summer 2008. Velocity comparisons with observations from five bottom-mounted ADCPs at different depths in the coastal boundary layer (CBL) show that the numerical model was able to simulate currents and flow reversals accurately within the inertial boundary layer, however model accuracy reduced close to the shoreline. Power spectra of observed and simulated velocity time series at different locations showed that the hydrodynamic model was able to describe the energy contained in the inertial scales, but over-predicted turbulent dissipation rates. As a result, model-predicted values of energy in the smaller, dissipation scales were lower compared to values calculated from observations in the CBL. Differences between energy contained in the observed and simulated velocity spectra increased as the shoreline is approached. Observations showed that vertical variations in the alongshore and cross-shore velocities were dominated by inertial waves. Inaccuracies in representing energy dissipation rates and processes not explicitly described in the hydrodynamic model (e.g., anisotropy, waves) could potentially contribute to errors in describing transport in the CBL. Measurements from a continuous dye release experiment from a riverine outfall were described using a nearshore model with a mean horizontal dispersion coefficient of 5.6 m(2)/s. Improved representations of physical processes (such as turbulence, internal waves and wave-current interactions) can be expected to provide better descriptions of solute transport in the CBL. C1 [Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1449 Engn Res Court,Room A130, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@msu.edu FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health. We thank David J. Schwab and Dmitry Beletsky (University of Michigan) for their contributions to this research. We thank Chaopeng Shen, Jie Niu and Kashi Telsang for their assistance with the 2008 field data collection. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1606 EP 1617 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20136 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200039 ER PT J AU Nenna, V Herckenrath, D Knight, R Odlum, N McPhee, D AF Nenna, Vanessa Herckenrath, Daan Knight, Rosemary Odlum, Nick McPhee, Darcy TI Application and evaluation of electromagnetic methods for imaging saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers: Seaside Groundwater Basin, California SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; SEAWATER INTRUSION; WATER-INTRUSION; TIME; INVERSION; TRANSIENT; SOUNDINGS; SALINITY; EXPLORATION; DELINEATION AB Developing effective resource management strategies to limit or prevent saltwater intrusion as a result of increasing demands on coastal groundwater resources requires reliable information about the geologic structure and hydrologic state of an aquifer system. A common strategy for acquiring such information is to drill sentinel wells near the coast to monitor changes in water salinity with time. However, installation and operation of sentinel wells is costly and provides limited spatial coverage. We studied the use of noninvasive electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods as an alternative to installation of monitoring wells for characterizing coastal aquifers. We tested the feasibility of using EM methods at a field site in northern California to identify the potential for and/or presence of hydraulic communication between an unconfined saline aquifer and a confined freshwater aquifer. One-dimensional soundings were acquired using the time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) methods. We compared inverted resistivity models of TDEM and AMT data obtained from several inversion algorithms. We found that multiple interpretations of inverted models can be supported by the same data set, but that there were consistencies between all data sets and inversion algorithms. Results from all collected data sets suggested that EM methods are capable of reliably identifying a saltwater-saturated zone in the unconfined aquifer. Geophysical data indicated that the impermeable clay between aquifers may be more continuous than is supported by current models. C1 [Nenna, Vanessa] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Herckenrath, Daan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Knight, Rosemary; Odlum, Nick] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McPhee, Darcy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nenna, V (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM vnenna@ucalgary.ca; daan.herckenrath@flinders.edu.au; rknight@stanford.edu; nodlum@stanford.edu; dmcphee@usgs.gov FU Schlumberger Water Services; S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation xxxx FX The authors would like to thank Doug Groom and Geometrics for providing access and technical support with the Stratagem EH-4 system, and the USGS Office of Groundwater, Branch of Geophysics, for the loan of the PROTEM 47. Thanks to Eldad Haber and Doug Oldenburg from UBC-GIF for providing the EM1DTM software, and to Dikun Yang, also UBC-GIF, for technical assistance. We would like to thank California State Parks and the city of Seaside, California, for providing site access. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Louise Pellerin for insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was initiated with funding to R. Knight from Schlumberger Water Services. Additional funding was received from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation as a component of Water in the West: Solving Complex Problems through Integrated Research. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 78 IS 2 BP B77 EP B88 DI 10.1190/GEO2012-0004.1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156XU UT WOS:000319858000003 ER PT J AU Brothers, DS ten Brink, US Andrews, BD Chaytor, JD Twichell, DC AF Brothers, Daniel S. ten Brink, Uri S. Andrews, Brian D. Chaytor, Jason D. Twichell, David C. TI Geomorphic process fingerprints in submarine canyons SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turbidity flow; debris flow; multibeam bathymetry; regression; power law; landslide ID ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; ERODING SEDIMENT FLOWS; TURBIDITY-CURRENT FLOW; DEBRIS FLOWS; DEEP-SEA; CURRENTS; MONTEREY; MODEL; FAN AB Submarine canyons are common features of continental margins worldwide. They are conduits that funnel vast quantities of sediment from the continents to the deep sea. Though it is known that submarine canyons form primarily from erosion induced by submarine sediment flows, we currently lack quantitative, empirically based expressions that describe the morphology of submarine canyon networks. Mulribeam bathymeny data along the entire passive US Atlantic margin (USAM) and along the active central California margin near Monterey Bay provide an opportunity to examine the fine-scale morphology of 171 slope-sourced canyons. Log-log regression analyses of canyon thalweg gradient (S) versus up-canyon catchment area (A) are used to examine linkages between morphological domains and the generation and evolution of submarine sediment flows. For example, canyon reaches of the upper continental slope are characterized by steep, linear and/or convex longitudinal profiles, whereas reaches farther down canyon have distinctly concave longitudinal profiles. The transition between these geomorphic domains is inferred to represent the downslope transformation of debris flows into erosive, canyon-flushing turbidity flows. Over geologic timescales this process appears to leave behind a predictable geomorphic fingerprint that is dependent on the catchment area of the canyon head. Catchment area, in turn, may be a proxy for the volume of sediment released during geomorphically significant failures along the upper continental slope. Focused studies of slope-sourced submarine canyons may provide new insights into the relationships between fine-scale canyon morphology and down-canyon changes in sediment flow dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brothers, Daniel S.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Andrews, Brian D.; Chaytor, Jason D.; Twichell, David C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02559 USA. RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02559 USA. EM dbrothers@usgs.gov RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission FX We thank the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for supporting this work. We also thank N. Mitchell, L Brothers and J. Denny for helpful reviews. Some of the multibeam data for this work was provided by the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Project. The opinions, findings, and conclusions stated herein are those of the author's] and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. ECS Project. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.005 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 159ZI UT WOS:000320085400005 ER PT J AU Lentz, EE Hapke, CJ Stockdon, HF Hehre, RE AF Lentz, Erika E. Hapke, Cheryl J. Stockdon, Hilary F. Hehre, Rachel E. TI Improving understanding of near-term barrier island evolution through multi-decadal assessment of morphologic change SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morphology change; wave run up; barrier island; landward migration; geologic framework; beach replenishment ID SHORE-OBLIQUE SANDBARS; NEW-YORK; FIRE-ISLAND; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; SEDIMENT BUDGET; GRAVEL OUTCROPS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; MONTEREY BAY; LONG-ISLAND; NEARSHORE AB Observed morphodynamic changes over multiple decades were coupled with storm-driven run-up characteristics at Fire Island, New York, to explore the influence of wave processes relative to the impacts of other coastal change drivers on the near-term evolution of the barrier island. Historical topography was generated from digital stereo-photogrammetry and compared with more recent lidar surveys to quantify near-term (decadal) morphodynamic changes to the beach and primary dune system between the years 1969, 1999, and 2009. Notably increased profile volumes were observed along the entirety of the island in 1999, and likely provide the eolian source for the steady dune crest progradation observed over the relatively quiescent decade that followed. Persistent patterns of erosion and accretion over 10-, 30-, and 40-year intervals are attributable to variations in island morphology, human activity, and variations in offshore bathymetry and island orientation that influence the wave energy reaching the coast. Areas of documented long-term historical inlet formation and extensive bayside marsh development show substantial landward translation of the dune beach profile over the near-term period of this study. Correlations among areas predicted to overwash, observed elevation changes of the dune crestline, and observed instances of overwash in undeveloped segments of the barrier island verify that overwash locations can be accurately predicted in undeveloped segments of coast. In fact, an assessment of 2012 aerial imagery collected after Hurricane Sandy confirms that overwash occurred at the majority of near-term locations persistently predicted to overwash. In addition to the storm wave climate, factors related to variations within the geologic framework which in turn influence island orientation, offshore slope, and sediment supply impact island behavior on near-term timescales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lentz, Erika E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lentz, Erika E.; Hehre, Rachel E.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hapke, Cheryl J.; Stockdon, Hilary F.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lentz, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM elentz@usgs.gov OI Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676; Lentz, Erika/0000-0002-0621-8954 FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Rhode Island FX Funding for this research and graduate student support were provided by the National Park Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island. Pete August and David Fastovsky read early drafts of this paper and provided helpful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Bill Schwab for a review of this paper as well as for the fruitful discussions and comments on findings from the USGS geophysical survey off Fire Island in 2011 as well as to Wayne Baldwin and Jane Denny for visual displays of offshore bathymetry. In addition, we appreciate two anonymous reviews which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/margeo.2013.02.004 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 159ZI UT WOS:000320085400010 ER PT J AU Matechou, E Morgan, BJT Pledger, S Collazo, JA Lyons, JE AF Matechou, E. Morgan, B. J. T. Pledger, S. Collazo, J. A. Lyons, J. E. TI Integrated Analysis of Capture-Recapture-Resighting Data and Counts of Unmarked Birds at Stop-Over Sites SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Combined likelihoods; Integrated population modeling; Mark-recapture-resight model; Mark-resight analysis; Semipalmated sandpipers; Stop-over duration ID ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; PROBABILITY; SHOREBIRDS; SURVIVAL; WETLANDS; ROBUST; NUMBER AB The models presented in this paper are motivated by a stop-over study of semipalmated sandpipers, Calidris pusilla. Two sets of data were collected at the stop-over site: a capture-recapture-resighting data set and a vector of counts of unmarked birds. The two data sets are analyzed simultaneously by combining a new model for the capturere-capture-resighting data set with a binomial likelihood for the counts. The aim of the analysis is to estimate the total number of birds that used the site and the average duration of stop-over. The combined analysis is shown to be highly efficient, even when just 1 % of birds are recaptured, and is recommended for similar investigations. This article has supplementary material online. C1 [Matechou, E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England. [Morgan, B. J. T.] Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Pledger, S.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Operat Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Collazo, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lyons, J. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Matechou, E (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England. EM Eleni.Matechou@stats.ox.ac.uk OI Matechou, Eleni/0000-0003-3626-844X FU University of Kent, the National Centre for Statistical Ecology; Victoria University of Wellington FX The first author would like to thank the University of Kent, the National Centre for Statistical Ecology as well as Victoria University of Wellington for providing support towards the completion of this work, and Professor Brian Ripley for his recommendations on a revised version of the paper. We also thank two referees, whose perceptive comments improved the paper. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 120 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0127-0 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 151CX UT WOS:000319439300008 ER PT J AU Parmentier, FJW Christensen, TR Sorensen, LL Rysgaard, S McGuire, AD Miller, PA Walker, DA AF Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. Christensen, Torben R. Sorensen, Lise Lotte Rysgaard, Soren McGuire, A. David Miller, Paul A. Walker, Donald A. TI The impact of lower sea-ice extent on Arctic greenhouse-gas exchange SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID CARBON BALANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 FLUX; OCEAN; TUNDRA; SHELF AB In September 2012, Arctic sea-ice extent plummeted to a new record low: two times lower than the 1979-2000 average. Often, record lows in sea-ice cover are hailed as an example of climate change impacts in the Arctic. Less apparent, however, are the implications of reduced sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean for marine-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Sea-ice decline has been connected to increasing air temperatures at high latitudes. Temperature is a key controlling factor in the terrestrial exchange of CO2 and methane, and therefore the greenhouse-gas balance of the Arctic. Despite the large potential for feedbacks, many studies do not connect the diminishing sea-ice extent with changes in the interaction of the marine and terrestrial Arctic with the atmosphere. In this Review, we assess how current understanding of the Arctic Ocean and high-latitude ecosystems can be used to predict the impact of a lower sea-ice cover on Arctic greenhouse-gas exchange. C1 [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Christensen, Torben R.; Miller, Paul A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Christensen, Torben R.; Rysgaard, Soren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Sorensen, Lise Lotte] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Sorensen, Lise Lotte; Rysgaard, Soren] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Rysgaard, Soren] Univ Manitoba, CHR Environm Earth & Resources, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Geobot Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Parmentier, FJW (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM frans-jan.parmentier@nateko.lu.se RI Miller, Paul/B-4675-2013; Rysgaard, Soren/K-6689-2013; Parmentier, Frans-Jan/D-9022-2013; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/M-5054-2016; OI Parmentier, Frans-Jan/0000-0003-2952-7706; Sorensen, Lise Lotte/0000-0002-9823-589X; Rysgaard, Soren/0000-0003-1726-2958 FU Marie Curie FP7 Research and Training Network GREENCYCLESII; Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST; International Arctic Science Committee IASC; European Community [238366]; Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) program; Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation (Mistra-SWECIA); Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-0902175]; National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX09AK56G] FX This paper came forth from fruitful discussions at the mini-conference 'Ocean-Land Interactions at High Latitudes' held in Nuuk, Greenland in September 2011. We would like to thank the Marie Curie FP7 Research and Training Network GREENCYCLESII, The Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST and the International Arctic Science Committee IASC for providing funding which made this meeting possible, as well as the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources together with the Greenland Climate Research Centre for being the host institution. The research leading to these results has received funding from the [European Community's] Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no [238366]. Apart from this funding for F.J.W. Parmentier, we also like to acknowledge the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) program for providing funds for S. Rysgaard, both the Mistra Swedish Research Programme for Climate, Impacts and Adaptation (Mistra-SWECIA) and the Lund University Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI) for providing funds for P.A. Miller, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF, grant no. ARC-0902175) and National Atmospheric and Space Administration (NASA, grant no. NNX09AK56G) for providing funds to D. A. Walker. Last but not least, we like to thank Dan Hayes, Rita Wania and Ben Smith for making the TEM6 and LPJ-GUESS WHyMe model runs possible, Uma Bhatt for kindly providing the data for Fig. 2, and Carline Tromp for her thorough critique of text structure. NR 102 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 113 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1784 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000009 ER PT J AU Williams, AP Allen, CD Macalady, AK Griffin, D Woodhouse, CA Meko, DM Swetnam, TW Rauscher, SA Seager, R Grissino-Mayer, HD Dean, JS Cook, ER Gangodagamage, C Cai, M McDowell, NG AF Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Macalady, Alison K. Griffin, Daniel Woodhouse, Connie A. Meko, David M. Swetnam, Thomas W. Rauscher, Sara A. Seager, Richard Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. Dean, Jeffrey S. Cook, Edward R. Gangodagamage, Chandana Cai, Michael McDowell, Nate G. TI Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; NORTH-AMERICA; DIE-OFF; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; INCREASE; SENSITIVITY; REDUCTION AB As the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization. C1 [Williams, A. Park; Gangodagamage, Chandana; McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.; Griffin, Daniel; Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Macalady, Alison K.; Griffin, Daniel; Woodhouse, Connie A.; Meko, David M.; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Dean, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rauscher, Sara A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seager, Richard; Cook, Edward R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Lab Tree Ring Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cai, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM parkwilliams@lanl.gov RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016; OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166; Gangodagamage, Chandana/0000-0001-6511-1711; Grissino-Mayer, Henri/0000-0003-1088-2927 FU LANL-LDRD; DOE-BER; NSF [0823090]; DOE; NOAA; EPA FX The work was supported by LANL-LDRD and DOE-BER. We acknowledge contributors to the International Tree-Ring Databank and funding by the NSF (grant 0823090) for tree-ring data. We thank contributors of fire-scar data to the FACS database, accessed with assistance from E. Bigio. Unpublished fire-scar data donated by C. Aoki, P. Brown, E. Heyerdahl, P. Iniguez, M. Kaib and R. Wu. J. Paschke provided access to USFS FHTET data. M. Brown provided access to GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data. Dynamically downscaled model climate data came from NARCCAP, funded by NSF, DOE, NOAA and EPA. We appreciate constructive comments from P. Brown, K. Cavanaugh, M. Crimmins, P. Fule, S. Garrity, J. Grahame, D. Gutzler, J. Hicke, X. Jiang, S. Leavitt, M. Massenkoff, A. Meddens, J. Michaelsen, C. Millar, B. Osborn, H. Powers, T. Rahn, N. Stephenson, C. Still, C. Tague and C. Xu. NR 50 TC 243 Z9 244 U1 37 U2 350 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1693 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000028 ER PT J AU Isaacson, PJ Petro, NE Pieters, CM Besse, S Boardman, JW Clark, RN Green, RO Lundeen, S Malaret, E McLaughlin, S Sunshine, JM Taylor, LA AF Isaacson, Peter J. Petro, Noah E. Pieters, Carle M. Besse, Sebastien Boardman, Joseph W. Clark, Roger N. Green, Robert O. Lundeen, Sarah Malaret, Erick McLaughlin, Stephanie Sunshine, Jessica M. Taylor, Lawrence A. TI Development, importance, and effect of a ground truth correction for the Moon Mineralogy Mapper reflectance data set SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Moon; M3; ground truth; calibration; absorption strength; feldspathic highlands terrane ID PROSPECTOR GAMMA-RAY; LUNAR-SURFACE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINEST FRACTION; MARE SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; CLEMENTINE; CRUST; IRON; CHANDRAYAAN-1 AB We evaluate the effect and importance of a ground truth correction for the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) level 2 (reflectance) data set. This correction is derived from extensive laboratory characterizations of mature feldspathic lunar soils and is designed to improve the accuracy of 1 mu m absorption features in M-3 reflectance data. To evaluate the correction, the band strength across a subset of the feldspathic highlands terrane (FHT) is analyzed with M-3 imaging spectroscopy data. Using M-3 reflectance data and derived products, we find significant differences in band strength and shape between M-3 observations collected over identical terrain but under different observational and operational conditions. The ground truth correction minimizes these differences in 1 mu m band strengths and also brings the 1 mu m band strengths measured with M-3 data into closer agreement with laboratory measurements of lunar soil samples. Although the FHT region studied was found to have very low band strengths, the M-3 ground truth correction results in overall stronger absorption features for all mature soils relative to uncorrected level 2 (reflectance) data for the same region. These differences between M-3 data collected under different operational conditions and the effects of the ground truth correction, while minor in appearance, can have significant implications for interpretations of any regional soil analyses with M-3 data that rely on absolute 1 mu m absorption feature strength. The M-3 ground truth correction corrects only wavelengths below similar to 1500 nm, and comparisons between corrected and uncorrected wavelengths must be done with caution. C1 [Isaacson, Peter J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pieters, Carle M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Besse, Sebastien; McLaughlin, Stephanie; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boardman, Joseph W.] Analyt Imaging Geophys, Boulder, CO USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Green, Robert O.; Lundeen, Sarah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Malaret, Erick] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA USA. [Taylor, Lawrence A.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Isaacson, PJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM isaacson@higp.hawaii.edu OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU NASA [NNM05AB26C] FX The efforts of the entire M3 engineering, operations, science, and data archiving teams are gratefully acknowledged. M3 science validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. The M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. The authors thank Joshua Cahill, Bruce Hapke, and an anonymous reviewer for their thorough reviews and comments on this manuscript. The manuscript is much improved thanks to their constructive criticism. This is HIGP Publication 1919 and SOEST Publication 8539. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1002/jgre.20048 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300001 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Kirk, RL Mitchell, KL LeGall, A Barnes, JW Hayes, A Kargel, J Wye, L Radebaugh, J Stofan, ER Janssen, MA Neish, CD Wall, SD Wood, CA Lunine, JI Malaska, MJ AF Lopes, R. M. C. Kirk, R. L. Mitchell, K. L. LeGall, A. Barnes, J. W. Hayes, A. Kargel, J. Wye, L. Radebaugh, J. Stofan, E. R. Janssen, M. A. Neish, C. D. Wall, S. D. Wood, C. A. Lunine, J. I. Malaska, M. J. TI Cryovolcanism on Titan: New results from Cassini RADAR and VIMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review DE Titan; volcanism ID WATER VOLCANISM; ICY SATELLITES; PLANETOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HUYGENS PROBE; LANDING SITE; SOUTH-POLE; SURFACE; AMMONIA; ENCELADUS AB The existence of cryovolcanic features on Titan has been the subject of some controversy. Here we use observations from the Cassini RADAR, including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, radiometry, and topographic data as well as compositional data from the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to reexamine several putative cryovolcanic features on Titan in terms of likely processes of origin (fluvial, cryovolcanic, or other). We present evidence to support the cryovolcanic origin of features in the region formerly known as Sotra Facula, which includes the deepest pit so far found on Titan (now known as Sotra Patera), flow-like features (Mohini Fluctus), and some of the highest mountains on Titan (Doom and Erebor Montes). We interpret this region to be a cryovolcanic complex of multiple cones, craters, and flows. However, we find that some other previously supposed cryovolcanic features were likely formed by other processes. Cryovolcanism is still a possible formation mechanism for several features, including the flow-like units in Hotei Regio. We discuss implications for eruption style and composition of cryovolcanism on Titan. Our analysis shows the great value of combining data sets when interpreting Titan's geology and in particular stresses the value of RADAR stereogrammetry when combined with SAR imaging and VIMS. C1 [Lopes, R. M. C.; Mitchell, K. L.; Janssen, M. A.; Wall, S. D.; Malaska, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [LeGall, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Atmospheres Lab, Guyancourt, France. [Barnes, J. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. [Hayes, A.; Lunine, J. I.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kargel, J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Laytonville, MD USA. [Neish, C. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Ctr Educ Technol, Wheeling, WV USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rosaly.M.Lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Malaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA FX Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank Sarah Fagents, Lazlo Kestay, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank the Cassini-Huygens team for the design, development, and operation of the mission. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. NR 109 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 416 EP 435 DI 10.1002/jgre.20062 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300004 ER PT J AU Bishop, JL Tirsch, D Tornabene, LL Jaumann, R McEwen, AS McGuire, PC Ody, A Poulet, F Clark, RN Parente, M McKeown, NK Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Voigt, J Aydin, Z Bamberg, M Petau, A Michael, G Seelos, FP Hash, CD Swayze, GA Neukum, G AF Bishop, Janice L. Tirsch, Daniela Tornabene, Livio L. Jaumann, Ralf McEwen, Alfred S. McGuire, Patrick C. Ody, Anouck Poulet, Francois Clark, Roger N. Parente, Mario McKeown, Nancy K. Mustard, John F. Murchie, Scott L. Voigt, Joana Aydin, Zeynep Bamberg, Marlene Petau, Andreas Michael, Gregory Seelos, Frank P. Hash, Christopher D. Swayze, Gregg A. Neukum, Gerhard TI Mineralogy and morphology of geologic units at Libya Montes, Mars: Ancient aqueously derived outcrops, mafic flows, fluvial features, and impacts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; remote sensing; mineralogy; reflectance spectroscopy; fluvial features ID RESOLUTION REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCIENCE EXPERIMENT HIRISE; EXPRESS HRSC DATA; INTERIOR CHANNELS; STEREO CAMERA; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; SERPENTINES; DIVERSITY AB There is ample evidence of both ancient and long-lasting fluvial activity and chemical alteration in the Libya Montes region south of Isidis Basin. The region hosts Noachian to Amazonian aged surface rocks with extensive outcrops of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing material. Libya Montes also features surface outcrops and/or deposits hosting Fe/Mg-smectite, Fe/Mg-smectite mixed with carbonate and/or other Fe/Mg-rich phyllosilicates, and Al-smectite. These units likely formed through chemical alteration connected with hydrothermal activity resulting from the formation of the Isidis Basin and/or the pervasive fluvial activity throughout this region. The morphology and stratigraphy of the aqueous and mafic minerals are described using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and High Resolution Stereo Camera derived digital terrain models. Analyses of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars spectra show variations in the chemistry of the Fe/Mg-smectite from nontronite-like exposures with spectral features near 2.29 and 2.4 mu m more consistent with Fe23+OH groups in the mineral structure, and saponite-like outcrops with spectral features near 2.31 and 2.38 mu m characteristic of Mg32+OH groups. These Fe/Mg-smectite bearing materials also have bands near 1.9 mu m due to H2O and near 2.5 mu m that could be due to the smectite, other phyllosilicates, and carbonates. All regions exhibiting carbonate features near 3.4-3.5 mu m also have features consistent with the presence of olivine and Fe/Mg-smectite, indicating that the carbonate signatures occur in rocks likely containing a mixture of these minerals. The Al-smectite-bearing rocks have bands near 1.41, 1.91, and 2.19 mu m that are more consistent with beidellite than other Al-phyllosilicates, indicating a higher-temperature or diagenetically processed origin for this material. Our interpretation of the geologic history of this region is that ancient Noachian basaltic crustal materials experienced extensive aqueous alteration at the time of the Isidis impact, during which the montes were also formed, followed by emplacement of a rough olivine-rich lava or melt, and finally the smooth pyroxene-bearing caprock unit. C1 [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tirsch, Daniela; Jaumann, Ralf; Voigt, Joana; Aydin, Zeynep; Bamberg, Marlene; Petau, Andreas] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [Jaumann, Ralf; Michael, Gregory; Neukum, Gerhard] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Berlin, Germany. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McGuire, Patrick C.; Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Frank P.; Hash, Christopher D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Ody, Anouck; Poulet, Francois] IAS, Orsay, France. [Clark, Roger N.; Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Parente, Mario] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McKeown, Nancy K.] Grant MacEwan Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Bishop, JL (reprint author), SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM jbishop@seti.org RI Tirsch, Daniela/I-7916-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Tirsch, Daniela/0000-0001-5905-5426 FU MRO project; NASA-PGG grant; research alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life"; Lunar Science Institute; NASA's PGG program FX The authors are grateful to the science and operations teams from MRO CRISM and HiRISE, Mars Express OMEGA and HRSC for acquiring the data. Support to several team members from the MRO project and a NASA-PGG grant are much appreciated. This research has also been partially supported by the research alliance "Planetary Evolution and Life." Thanks are also due to E. Cloutis and J. Michalski for helpful reviews and to NASA's PGG program and Lunar Science Institute for supporting Brown University's RELAB facility. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 487 EP 513 DI 10.1029/2012JE004151 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134VJ UT WOS:000318243300008 ER PT J AU Lundgren, P Poland, M Miklius, A Orr, T Yun, SH Fielding, E Liu, Z Tanaka, A Szeliga, W Hensley, S Owen, S AF Lundgren, Paul Poland, Michael Miklius, Asta Orr, Tim Yun, Sang-Ho Fielding, Eric Liu, Zhen Tanaka, Akiko Szeliga, Walter Hensley, Scott Owen, Susan TI Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RIFT ZONES; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SATELLITE RADAR; SOUTH FLANK; HECTOR MINE; INTRUSION; MODEL; GPS; EARTHQUAKE AB The 5-9 March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption along the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, followed months of pronounced inflation at Kilauea summit. We examine dike opening during and after the eruption using a comprehensive interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data set in combination with continuous GPS data. We solve for distributed dike displacements using a whole Kilauea model with dilating rift zones and possibly a deep decollement. Modeled surface dike opening increased from nearly 1.5 m to over 2.8 m from the first day to the end of the eruption, in agreement with field observations of surface fracturing. Surface dike opening ceased following the eruption, but subsurface opening in the dike continued into May 2011. Dike volumes increased from 15, to 16, to 21 million cubic meters (MCM) after the first day, eruption end, and 2 months following, respectively. Dike shape is distinctive, with a main limb plunging from the surface to 2-3 km depth in the up-rift direction toward Kilauea's summit, and a lesser projection extending in the down-rift direction toward Pu'u 'O'o at 2 km depth. Volume losses beneath Kilauea summit (1.7 MCM) and Pu'u 'O'o (5.6 MCM) crater, relative to dike plus erupted volume (18.3 MCM), yield a dike to source volume ratio of 2.5 that is in the range expected for compressible magma without requiring additional sources. Inflation of Kilauea's summit in the months before the March 2011 eruption suggests that the Kamoamoa eruption resulted from overpressure of the volcano's magmatic system. C1 [Lundgren, Paul; Yun, Sang-Ho; Fielding, Eric; Liu, Zhen; Hensley, Scott; Owen, Susan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Poland, Michael; Miklius, Asta; Orr, Tim] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaiian Volcanoes Natl, HI USA. [Tanaka, Akiko] AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Szeliga, Walter] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA USA. RP Lundgren, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-233, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paul.R.Lundgren@jpl.nasa.gov RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; Liu, Zhen/D-8334-2017; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) [ID 2270]; Hawaii Supersite project [GEO0875]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology FX The COSMO-SkyMed data were provided courtesy of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under CSK AO Project ID 2270. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) TerraSAR-X data were courtesy of the Hawaii Supersite project GEO0875. ALOS PALSAR data were provided courtesy of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Minestry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), which were distributed by the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC). METI and JAXA retain ownership of the original ALOS PALSAR data. UAVSAR data were provided by the UAVSAR Project, JPL, with special thanks to Y. Zheng, Y. Lou, the radar operations personnel at JPL, and T. Moes and the flight operations personnel at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. Maps in Figure 1 were generated using the public domain Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software [Wessel and Smith, 1995]. Critical reviews from two anonymous reviewers and C. Wicks greatly improved the manuscript. Original TerraSAR-X data is copyright (2011) DLR. Original COSMO-SkyMed data copyright (2010, 2011). The research described in this paper was supported under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 897 EP 914 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50108 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300008 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Prejean, SG Beroza, GC Gomberg, JS Haeussler, PJ AF Brown, Justin R. Prejean, Stephanie G. Beroza, Gregory C. Gomberg, Joan S. Haeussler, Peter J. TI Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tectonic tremor along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC TREMOR; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SLIP; EXCITATION AB We characterize and locate tremor not associated with volcanoes along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone using continuous seismic data recorded by the Alaska Volcano Observatory and the Alaska Earthquake Information Center from 2005 to present. Visual inspection of waveform spectra and time series reveal dozens of 10 to 20 min bursts of tremor along the length of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. We use autocorrelation to demonstrate that these tremor signals are composed of hundreds of repeating low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs). The tremor activity we characterize is localized in four segments, from east to west: Kodiak Island, Shumagin Gap, Unalaska, and Andreanof Islands. Although the geometry, age, thermal structure, frictional, and other relevant properties of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone are poorly known, these characteristics are likely to differ systematically from east to west. Locations near Kodiak Island are the most reliable because station coverage is more complete. LFE hypocenters in this region are located on the plate interface near the down-dip limit of the 1964 M-w 9.2 Alaska earthquake rupture area. LFE hypocenters in the remaining areas along the arc are also located down-dip of the most recent M-w 8+ megathrust earthquakes. Although these locations are less well constrained, our results support the hypothesis that tremor activity marks the down-dip rupture limit for great megathrust earthquakes in this subduction zone. Lastly, there is no correlation between the presence of tremor and particular aspects of over-riding or subducting plate geology or coupling. It appears that LFEs are a fundamental characteristic of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. C1 [Brown, Justin R.; Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Prejean, Stephanie G.; Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Gomberg, Joan S.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jrbrown5@stanford.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 FU USGS Earthquake Hazards Program; Alaska Science Center; NSF [EAR-07 10835] FX We thank Robert Clapp, Natalia Ruppert, Doug Christensen, and Chloe Peterson for helpful discussion. Steven McNutt, Scott Stihler, Jim Dixon, and many duty seismologists at the AVO provided a thorough daily catalog of tremor-like signals. We also thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for thorough comments. J.R.B. was supported by USGS Earthquake Hazards Program and Alaska Science Center. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR-07 10835. This work utilized the Stanford Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Sciences. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1029/2012JB009459 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300020 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Missing great earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; LESSER-ANTILLES; MAGNITUDE UNCERTAINTIES; HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC HAZARD; SUBDUCTION; MEGATHRUST; FREQUENCY; TIME; ARC AB The occurrence of three earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 8.8 and six earthquakes larger than Mw 8.5, since 2004, has raised interest in the long-term global rate of great earthquakes. Past studies have focused on the analysis of earthquakes since 1900, which roughly marks the start of the instrumental era in seismology. Before this time, the catalog is less complete and magnitude estimates are more uncertain. Yet substantial information is available for earthquakes before 1900, and the catalog of historical events is being used increasingly to improve hazard assessment. Here I consider the catalog of historical earthquakes and show that approximately half of all Mw >= 8.5 earthquakes are likely missing or underestimated in the 19th century. I further present a reconsideration of the felt effects of the 8 February 1843, Lesser Antilles earthquake, including a first thorough assessment of felt reports from the United States, and show it is an example of a known historical earthquake that was significantly larger than initially estimated. The results suggest that incorporation of best available catalogs of historical earthquakes will likely lead to a significant underestimation of seismic hazard and/or the maximum possible magnitude in many regions, including parts of the Caribbean. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1098 EP 1108 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50083 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300022 ER PT J AU Wicks, C Weaver, C Bodin, P Sherrod, B AF Wicks, Charles Weaver, Craig Bodin, Paul Sherrod, Brian TI InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RADAR; MINE AB In 2001, a nearly five month long sequence of shallow, mostly small magnitude earthquakes occurred beneath the city of Spokane, a city with a population of about 200,000, in the state of Washington. During most of the sequence, the earthquakes were not well located because seismic instrumentation was sparse. Despite poor-quality locations, the earthquake hypocenters were likely very shallow, because residents near the city center both heard and felt many of the earthquakes. The combination of poor earthquake locations and a lack of known surface faults with recent movement make assessing the seismic hazards related to the earthquake swarm difficult. However, the potential for destruction from a shallow moderate-sized earthquake is high, for example Christchurch New Zealand in 2011, so assessing the hazard potential of a seismic structure involved in the Spokane earthquake sequence is important. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency ERS2 and ENVISAT satellites and the Canadian Space Agency RADARSAT-1, satellite we are able to show that slip on a shallow previously unknown thrust fault, which we name the Spokane Fault, is the source of the earthquake sequence. The part of the Spokane Fault that slipped during the 2001 earthquake sequence underlies the north part of the city, and slip on the fault was concentrated between similar to 0.3 and 2 km depth. Projecting the buried fault plane to the surface gives a possible surface trace for the Spokane Fault that strikes northeast from the city center into north Spokane. Citation: Wicks, C., C. Weaver, P. Bodin, and B. Sherrod (2013), InSAR Evidence for an active shallow thrust fault beneath the city of Spokane Washington, USA, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 1268-1276, doi: 10.1002/jgrb.50118. C1 [Wicks, Charles] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weaver, Craig; Sherrod, Brian] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bodin, Paul] Univ Washington, Pacific Norhwest Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wicks, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cwicks@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50118 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 135FK UT WOS:000318273300035 ER PT J AU Churikova, TG Ivanov, BV Eichelberger, J Worner, G Browne, B Izbekov, P AF Churikova, T. G. Ivanov, B. V. Eichelberger, J. Woerner, G. Browne, B. Izbekov, P. TI Major and trace element zoning in plagioclase from Kizimen Volcano (Kamchatka): Insights into magma-chamber processes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELT INCLUSIONS; PHENOCRYSTS; EVOLUTION; ANDESITES; RECHARGE; ZONATION; MANTLE; DUSTY; JAPAN AB The data on the geochemistry of the rocks of Kizimen Volcano and results of microprobe studies of major and trace elements in plagioclase grains from acid lavas and basalt inclusions are presented. The characteristics of the Kizimen Volcano are the following: (1) basalt inclusions are abundant in acid lavas; (2) banded, mixed lavas occur; (3) the distribution curves of rare-earth elements of acidic lavas and basalt inclusions intersect; (4) Sr-Nd isotope systematics of the rocks and inclusions do not indicate mixture with crustal material; (5) plagioclase phenocrysts are of direct and reverse zonation; (6) olivine and hornblende, as well as acid and mafic plagioclases, coexist in the rocks. The studies revealed that the rocks are of a hybrid nature and originated in the course of repeated mixture of acid and mafic melts either with chemical and thermal interaction of melts or exclusively thermal ones. Study of the major- and trace-element distribution in zonal minerals provides an informative tool for understanding the history of the generation and evolution of melts in a magma chamber. C1 [Churikova, T. G.; Ivanov, B. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. [Churikova, T. G.; Woerner, G.] Univ Gottingen, Ctr Geol Sci, Geochem Div, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Eichelberger, J.] USGS, Volcan Hazards Program, Reston, VA USA. [Browne, B.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Izbekov, P.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Churikova, TG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Piipa Bulvar 9, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. EM tchurikova@mail.ru; jeichelberger@usgs.gov; gwoerne@gwdg.de; bbrowne@fullerton.edu; pavel@gi.alaska.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016; OI Churikova, Tatiana/0000-0002-9929-9764 FU cooperative program of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research-DFG [00-05040000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-5-00600]; Federal Agency for Science and Innovations [43.700.11.00005, 43.043.11.1606, 01.700.12.0028]; [Wo362/15-1+2] FX This work was supported by Project Wo362/15-1+2, by the cooperative program of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research-DFG, project no. 00-05040000, by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 08-5-00600, and by the Federal Agency for Science and Innovations, projects nos. 43.700.11.00005, 43.043.11.1606, 01.700.12.0028. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0742-0463 J9 J VOLCANOL SEISMOL+ JI J. Volcanol. Seismol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 112 EP 130 DI 10.1134/S0742046313020024 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 139HN UT WOS:000318572800002 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Cashman, KV Hagstrum, JT Beeler, NM Moran, SC Denlinger, RP AF Pallister, John S. Cashman, Katharine V. Hagstrum, Jonathan T. Beeler, Nicholas M. Moran, Seth C. Denlinger, Roger P. TI Faulting within the Mount St. Helens conduit and implications for volcanic earthquakes SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; FE-TI OXIDES; MAGMA ASCENT; SHEAR ZONES; LAVA DOME; MONTSERRAT; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE AB The 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced seven dacite spines mantled by cataclastic fault rocks, comprising an outer fault core and an inner damage zone. These fault rocks provide remarkable insights into the mechanical processes that accompany extrusion of degassed magma, insights that are useful in forecasting dome-forming eruptions. The outermost part of the fault core consists of finely comminuted fault gouge that is host to 1- to 3-mm-thick layers of extremely fine-grained slickenside-bearing ultracataclasite. Interior to the fault core, there is an similar to 2-m-thick damage zone composed of cataclastic breccia and sheared dacite, and interior to the damage zone, there is massive to flow-banded dacite lava of the spine interior. Structures and microtextures indicate entirely brittle deformation, including rock breakage, tensional dilation, shearing, grain flow, and micro faulting, as well as gas and fluid migration through intergranular pores and fractures in the damage zone. Slickenside lineations and consistent orientations of Riedel shears indicate upward shear of the extruding spines against adjacent conduit wall rocks. Paleomagnetic directions, demagnetization paths, oxide mineralogy, and petrology indicate that cataclasis took place within dacite in a solidified steeply dipping volcanic conduit at temperatures above 500 degrees C. Low water content of matrix glass is consistent with brittle behavior at these relatively high temperatures, and the presence of tridymite indicates solidification depths of <1 km. Cataclasis was coincident with the eruption's seismogenic zone at <1.5 km. More than a million small and low-frequency "drumbeat" earthquakes with coda magnitudes (M-d) <2.0 and frequencies <5 Hz occurred during the 2004-2008 eruption. Our field data provide a means with which to estimate slip-patch dimensions for shear planes and to compare these with estimates of slip patches based on seismic moments and shear moduli for dacite rock and granular fault gouge. Based on these comparisons, we find that aseismic creep is achieved by micron-scale displacements on Riedel shears and by granular flow, whereas the drumbeat earthquakes require millimeter to centimeter displacements on relatively large (e. g., similar to 1000 m(2)) slip patches, possibly along observed extensive principal shear zones within the fault core but probably not along the smaller Riedel shears. Although our field and structural data are compatible with stick-slip models, they do not rule out seismic and infrasound models that call on resonance of steam-filled fractures to generate the drumbeat earthquakes. We suggest that stick-slip and gas release processes may be coupled, and that regardless of the source mechanism, the distinctive drumbeat earthquakes are proving to be an effective precursor for dome-forming eruptions. Our data document a continuous cycle of deformation along the conduit margins beginning with episodes of fracture in the damage zone and followed by transfer of motion to the fault core. We illustrate the cycle of deformation using a hypothetical cross section of the Mount St. Helens conduit, extending from the surface to the depth of magmatic solidification. C1 [Pallister, John S.; Beeler, Nicholas M.; Moran, Seth C.; Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Cashman, Katharine V.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hagstrum, Jonathan T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov RI Jiao, Liqing/A-8821-2011 NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 37 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 376 DI 10.1130/B30716.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 130IJ UT WOS:000317907000006 ER PT J AU Li, JR Okin, GS Herrick, JE Belnap, J Miller, ME Vest, K Draut, AE AF Li, Junran Okin, Gregory S. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Belnap, Jayne Miller, Mark E. Vest, Kimberly Draut, Amy E. TI Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; WIND EROSION; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; ROUGHNESS; SOIL; VALIDATION; GRASSLAND AB Aeolian transport is an important characteristic of many arid and semiarid regions worldwide that affects dust emission and ecosystem processes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recent model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation. This approach differs from previous models by accounting for how vegetation affects the distribution of shear velocity on the surface rather than merely calculating the average effect of vegetation on surface shear velocity or simply using empirical relationships. Vegetation, soil, and meteorological data at 65 field sites with measurements of horizontal aeolian flux were collected from the Western United States. Measured fluxes were tested against modeled values to evaluate model performance, to obtain a set of optimum model parameters, and to estimate the uncertainty in these parameters. The same field data were used to model horizontal aeolian flux using three other schemes. Our results show that the model can predict horizontal aeolian flux with an approximate relative error of 2.1 and that further empirical corrections can reduce the approximate relative error to 1.0. The level of error is within what would be expected given uncertainties in threshold shear velocity and wind speed at our sites. The model outperforms the alternative schemes both in terms of approximate relative error and the number of sites at which threshold shear velocity was exceeded. These results lend support to an understanding of the physics of aeolian transport in which (1) vegetation's impact on transport is dependent upon the distribution of vegetation rather than merely its average lateral cover and (2) vegetation impacts surface shear stress locally by depressing it in the immediate lee of plants rather than by changing the bulk surface's threshold shear velocity. Our results also suggest that threshold shear velocity is exceeded more than might be estimated by single measurements of threshold shear stress and roughness length commonly associated with vegetated surfaces, highlighting the variation of threshold shear velocity with space and time in real landscapes. C1 [Li, Junran; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Li, Junran; Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT USA. [Vest, Kimberly] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA. [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Okin, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM okin@ucla.edu OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program; U.S. Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; NSF EAR [0720218]; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX We thank Matthew Van Scoyoc and Michelle Mattocks for their assistance in collecting soil and vegetation data. We also acknowledge Frank Urban for providing wind data for some of the Utah sites. We would also like to thank the editor, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Land Management, and NSF EAR Grants 0720218 and NASA Grant NNX10AO97G. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20040 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 135ES UT WOS:000318271200021 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF Akhavan, M Langevin, CD Michael, HA Sawyer, AH AF Konikow, L. F. Akhavan, M. Langevin, C. D. Michael, H. A. Sawyer, A. H. TI Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; PORE-WATER EXCHANGE; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; SUBTIDAL PUMP; COASTAL OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; FLOW; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT AB Measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in coastal areas often show that the saltwater discharge component is substantially greater than the freshwater discharge. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these high saltwater discharge values, including saltwater circulation driven by wave and tidal pumping, wave and tidal setup in intertidal areas, currents over bedforms, and density gradients resulting from mixing along the freshwater-saltwater interface. In this study, a new mechanism for saltwater circulation and discharge is proposed and evaluated. The process results from interaction between bedform topography and buoyancy forces, even without flow or current over the bedform. In this mechanism, an inverted salinity (and density) profile in the presence of both a bedform on the seafloor and an upward flow of fresher groundwater from depth induces a downward flow of saline pore water under the troughs and upward flow under the adjacent crest of the bedform. The magnitude and occurrence of the mechanism were tested using numerical methods. The results indicate that this mechanism could drive seawater circulation under a limited range of conditions and contribute 20%-30% of local SGD when and where the process is operative. Bedform shape, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, and salinity at depth in the porous media, aquifer thickness, effective porosity, and hydrodynamic dispersion are among the factors that control the occurrence and magnitude of the circulation of seawater by this mechanism. Citation: Konikow, L. F., M. Akhavan, C. D. Langevin, H. A. Michael, and A. H. Sawyer (2013), Seawater circulation in sediments driven by interactions between seabed topography and fluid density, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1386-1399, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20121. C1 [Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Akhavan, M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Langevin, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Michael, H. A.; Sawyer, A. H.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0910756]; Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory [EAR-0724971] FX We appreciate the helpful review comments from P. W. Swarzenski, J. N. King, B. Cardenas, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through EAR-0910756 and the Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory, EAR-0724971. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1386 EP 1399 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20121 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HM UT WOS:000317829900012 ER PT J AU Mirus, BB Nimmo, JR AF Mirus, Benjamin B. Nimmo, John R. TI Balancing practicality and hydrologic realism: A parsimonious approach for simulating rapid groundwater recharge via unsaturated-zone preferential flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS ROCK; NONEQUILIBRIUM; SOILS; MODEL AB The impact of preferential flow on recharge and contaminant transport poses a considerable challenge to water-resources management. Typical hydrologic models require extensive site characterization, but can underestimate fluxes when preferential flow is significant. A recently developed source-responsive model incorporates film-flow theory with conservation of mass to estimate unsaturated-zone preferential fluxes with readily available data. The term source-responsive describes the sensitivity of preferential flow in response to water availability at the source of input. We present the first rigorous tests of a parsimonious formulation for simulating water table fluctuations using two case studies, both in arid regions with thick unsaturated zones of fractured volcanic rock. Diffuse flow theory cannot adequately capture the observed water table responses at both sites; the source-responsive model is a viable alternative. We treat the active area fraction of preferential flow paths as a scaled function of water inputs at the land surface then calibrate the macropore density to fit observed water table rises. Unlike previous applications, we allow the characteristic film-flow velocity to vary, reflecting the lag time between source and deep water table responses. Analysis of model performance and parameter sensitivity for the two case studies underscores the importance of identifying thresholds for initiation of film flow in unsaturated rocks, and suggests that this parsimonious approach is potentially of great practical value. Citation: Mirus, B. B., and J. R. Nimmo (2013), Balancing practicality and hydrologic realism: A parsimonious approach for simulating rapid groundwater recharge via unsaturated-zone preferential flow, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1458-1465, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20141. C1 [Mirus, Benjamin B.; Nimmo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mirus, BB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bbmirus@usgs.gov OI Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X FU USGS INL Project Office FX This work was funded in part by the USGS INL Project Office. Special thanks to Jeff Forbes for providing the data from INTEC and to Joe Fenelon for helpful discussions about Rainier Mesa. Constructive comments from the Managing and Associate Editors, as well as the reviewers helped us to improve the quality of this work. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1458 EP 1465 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20141 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 129HM UT WOS:000317829900017 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Fregoso, TA Figurski, JD Freiwald, J Lonhart, SI Finlayson, DP AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Fregoso, Theresa A. Figurski, Jared D. Freiwald, Jan Lonhart, Steve I. Finlayson, David P. TI Burial and exhumation of temperate bedrock reefs as elucidated by repetitive high-resolution sea floor sonar surveys: Spatial patterns and impacts to species' richness and diversity SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bedrock; Sediment; Burial; Exhumation; Diversity; Richness ID AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHERN MONTEREY-BAY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MARINE RESERVES; EL-NINO; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB To understand how chronic sediment burial and scour contribute to variation in the structure of algal and invertebrate communities on temperate bedrock reefs, the dynamics of the substrate and communities were monitored at locations that experience sand inundation and adjacent areas that do not. Co-located benthic scuba-transect surveys and high-resolution swath-sonar surveys were completed on bedrock reefs on the inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, in early winter 2009, spring 2010, and summer 2010. Analysis of the sonar surveys demonstrates that during the 8 months over which the surveys were conducted, 19.6% of the study area was buried by sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock over 13.8% of the study area; the remainder underwent no change between the surveys. Substrate classifications from the benthic transect surveys correlated with classifications generated from the sonar surveys, demonstrating the capacity of high-resolution sonar surveys to detect burial of bedrock reefs by sediment. On bedrock habitat that underwent burial and exhumation, species' diversity and richness of rock-associated sessile and mobile organisms were 50-66% lower as compared to adjacent stable bedrock habitat. While intermediate levels of disturbance can increase the diversity and richness of communities, these findings demonstrate that burial and exhumation of bedrock habitat are sources of severe disturbance. We suggest that substrate dynamics must be considered when developing predictions of benthic community distributions based on sea floor imagery. These results highlight the need for predictive models of substrate dynamics and for a better understanding of how burial and exhumation shape benthic communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Fregoso, Theresa A.; Finlayson, David P.] Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Figurski, Jared D.; Freiwald, Jan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; tfregoso@usgs.gov; figurski@biology.ucsc.edu; freiwald@biology.ucsc.edu; steve.lonhart@noaa.gov; dfinlayson@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Fregoso, Theresa/0000-0001-7802-5812 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coastal and marine ecosystems. Jared Figurski (UCSC) and J Freiwald (UCSC) participated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey- University of California at Santa Cruz Co-Operative. Jackson Currie, David Finlayson, Robert Wyland, Gerry Hatcher and Mike Boyle (USGS) ran the sonar acquisition systems while Pete dal Ferro and Jamie Grover (USGS) captained the vessel R/V Parke Snavely. Brian Edwards (USGS), Peter Dartnell (USGS), and Piers Larcombe (MetOcean) contributed numerous excellent suggestions and a timely review of our work. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 55 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.013 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 130TU UT WOS:000317943800004 ER PT J AU Harris, AJL Delle Donne, D Dehn, J Ripepe, M Worden, AK AF Harris, A. J. L. Delle Donne, D. Dehn, J. Ripepe, M. Worden, A. K. TI Volcanic plume and bomb field masses from thermal infrared camera imagery SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic explosion; thermal camera; mass; volume; heat flux ID ACTIVE LAVA FLOWS; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; SOURCE DYNAMICS; FALL DEPOSITS; ERUPTIONS; PYROCLASTS; MECHANISMS; HAWAIIAN; VOLUMES AB Masses erupted during normal explosions at Stromboli volcano (Italy) are notoriously difficult to measure. We present a method that uses thermal infrared video for cooling bomb fields to obtain the total power emitted by all hot particles emitted during an explosion. A given mass of magma (M) will emit a finite amount of thermal power, defined by M c(p)(T-e-T-o), c(p) and T-e being magma specific heat capacity and temperature, and To being ambient temperature. We use this relation to convert the total power emitted by the bomb field to the mass required to generate that power. To do this we extract power flux curves for the field and integrate this through time to obtain total power (E). This is used to estimate mass (Q) in Q=E/c(p)(T-e-T-o). When applied to individual bombs we obtain masses of between 1 and 9 kg per bomb, or a volume of 970 and 6500 cm(3). These volumes equate to spheres with diameters 12 and 27 cm. For the entire bomb field we obtain volumes of 7-28 m(3). We calculate masses for 32 eruptions and obtain typical bomb masses of between 10(3) and 10(4) kg per eruption. In addition, we estimate that between 10(2) and 10(3) kg of gas and ash are emitted as part of a mixed plume of bombs, gas and ash. We identify two types of eruption on the basis of the erupted bomb masses and the ratio of the plume's gas-and-ash component to the bomb component. The first type is bomb-dominated, is characterized by bomb masses of 10(4) kg and has ash gas/bomb ratios of similar to 0.02. The second type is ash-and-gas dominated, is characterized by erupted bomb masses of 10(3) kg and has ash-gas/bomb ratios of around one, and as high as two. There is no correlation between the quantity of bombs and quantity of gas-ash erupted. In addition, while source pressure for each explosion correlates with the quantity of gas and ash erupted, the mass of bombs emitted varies independently of pressure. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harris, A. J. L.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Delle Donne, D.; Ripepe, M.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Dehn, J.; Worden, A. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Harris, AJL (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM a.harris@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr OI Delle Donne, Dario/0000-0001-6085-3118; Ripepe, Maurizio/0000-0002-1787-5618 FU la Region Auvergne; Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc [53] FX This work was greatly improved following the comments of two reviewers (Matthew Patrick and Sonia Calvari), among other things they were responsible for addition of Electronic Supplement 1 and Appendix A. This work was supported by la Region Auvergne and is Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc contribution no 53. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 365 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 133HR UT WOS:000318130000008 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Wenger, SJ Rieman, BE Isaak, DJ AF Peterson, Douglas P. Wenger, Seth J. Rieman, Bruce E. Isaak, Daniel J. TI Linking Climate Change and Fish Conservation Efforts Using Spatially Explicit Decision Support Tools SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LAND MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BULL TROUT; BROOK TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS AB Fisheries professionals are increasingly tasked with incorporating climate change projections into their decisions. Here we demonstrate how a structured decision framework, coupled with analytical tools and spatial data sets, can help integrate climate and biological information to evaluate management alternatives. We present examples that link down-scaled climate change scenarios to fish populations for two common types of problems: (1) strategic spatial prioritization of limited conservation resources and (2) deciding whether removing migration barriers would benefit a native fish also threatened with invasion by a nonnative competitor. We used Bayesian networks (BNs) to translate each decision problem into a quantitative tool and implemented these models under historical and future climate projections. The spatial prioritization BN predicted a substantial loss of habitat for the target species by the 2080s and provided a means to map habitats and populations most likely to persist under future climate projections. The barrier BN applied to three streams predicted that barrier removal decisions-previously made assuming a stationary climate-were likely robust under the climate scenario considered. The examples demonstrate the benefit of structuring the decision-making process to clarify management objectives, formalize assumptions, synthesize current understanding about climate effects on fish populations, and identify key uncertainties requiring further investigation. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM doug_peterson@fws.gov FU U.S. Forest Service [06-IA-11221659-097]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center; U.S. Geological Survey [G09AC00050]; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; "emeritus" association FX K. Rogers, an anonymous reviewer, and the Science Editor provided helpful reviews that improved the manuscript. D. Peterson was supported by the U.S. Forest Service (Agreement 06-IA-11221659-097) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Abernathy Fish Technology Center. S. Wenger was supported by grant G09AC00050 from the U.S. Geological Survey and contracts from the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. D. Isaak was supported by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. B. Rieman was supported by an "emeritus" association with the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, or Trout Unlimited. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 112 EP 127 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.769157 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133SC UT WOS:000318159000003 ER PT J AU Fuller, P Neilson, M Huge, DH AF Fuller, Pam Neilson, Matt Huge, Dane H. TI The NAS Alert System: A Look at the First Eight Years SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; UNITED-STATES; AQUARIUM TRADE; NORTH-AMERICA; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; INVASION; FISH; INTRODUCTIONS; ESTABLISHMENT AB The U.S. Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database program (http://nas.er.usgs.gov) tracks the distribution of introduced aquatic organisms across the United States. Awareness of, and timely response to, novel species introductions by those involved in nonindigenous aquatic species management and research requires a framework for rapid dissemination of occurrence data as it is incorporated into the NAS database. In May 2004, the NAS program developed an alert system to notify registered users of new introductions as part of a national early detection/rapid response system. This article summarizes information on system users and dispatched alerts from the system's inception through the end of 2011. The NAS alert system has registered over 1,700 users, with approximately 800 current subscribers. A total of 1,189 alerts had been transmitted through 2011. More alerts were sent for Florida (134 alerts) than for any other state. Fishes comprise the largest taxonomic group of alerts (440), with mollusks, plants, and crustaceans each containing over 100 alerts. Most alerts were for organisms that were intentionally released (414 alerts), with shipping, escape from captivity, and hitchhiking also representing major vectors. To explore the archive of sent alerts and to register, the search and sign-up page for the alert system can be found online at http://nas.er.usgs.gov/AlertSystem/default.aspx. C1 [Fuller, Pam; Huge, Dane H.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Neilson, Matt] US Geol Survey, Jacobs Technol, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Fuller, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pfuller@usgs.gov RI Neilson, Matthew/B-4501-2009 OI Neilson, Matthew/0000-0002-5139-5677 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program; National Biological Information Infrastructure, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The NAS program and staff thank state and federal ANS coordinators, as well as many other biologists and the general public for reporting these occurrences to us. We also thank our funders: the U.S. Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program and National Biological Information Infrastructure, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.767241 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 133SC UT WOS:000318159000004 ER PT J AU Bernardy, JA Hubert, TD Ogorek, JM Schmidt, LJ AF Bernardy, Jeffry A. Hubert, Terrance D. Ogorek, Jacob M. Schmidt, Larry J. TI Determination of Antimycin-A in Water by Liquid Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY AB An LC/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination and confirmation of antimycin-A (ANT-A) in water from lakes or streams. Three different water sample volumes (25, 50, and 250 mL) were evaluated. ANT-A was stabilized in the field by immediately extracting it from water into anhydrous acetone using SPE. The stabilized concentrated samples were then transported to a laboratory and analyzed by LC/MS using negative electrospray ionization. The method was determined to have adequate accuracy (78 to 113% recovery), precision (0.77 to 7.5% RSD with samples >= 500 ng/L and 4.8 to 17% RSD with samples 5100 ng/L), linearity, and robustness over an LOQ range from 8 to 51 600 ng/L. C1 [Bernardy, Jeffry A.; Hubert, Terrance D.; Schmidt, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Ogorek, Jacob M.] US Geol Survey, Midwest Area, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Bernardy, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jbernardy@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 96 IS 2 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.12-286 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 129UV UT WOS:000317870400027 PM 23767368 ER PT J AU Evans, MA Scavia, D AF Evans, Mary Anne Scavia, Donald TI Exploring estuarine eutrophication sensitivity to nutrient loading SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; CHESAPEAKE BAY HYPOXIA; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; STRATIFIED ESTUARY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; OXYGEN DYNAMICS; NITROGEN LOADS; SIMPLE-MODEL; RIVER-BASIN AB The sensitivity of surface chlorophyll (Chl) and bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) to total nitrogen (TN) load was investigated using a Bayesian-based process model fit to data from a range of estuaries. The model was used to test if the sensitivity of DO depletion to TN loads is dependent only on factors controlling the sensitivity of surface Chl, or if additional factors are important. Results indicate that separate processes control Chl and DO sensitivity, and that these sensitivities vary among estuaries. Analysis of fitted parameters across estuaries showed that Chl sensitivity to TN loading was positively correlated with water residence time, and DO sensitivity to Chl was positively correlated with relative mixing depth. C1 [Evans, Mary Anne; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Evans, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mevans@umich.edu OI Evans, Mary Anne/0000-0002-1627-7210; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center [NA05NOS4781204] FX We gratefully acknowledge the many data sources upon which this work draws, especially from Suzanne Bricker and the National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment (NEEA), as well as Richard Alexander and the Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model team. The manuscript was improved through helpful comments and suggestions by two anonymous reviewers. Young Liu assisted with initial model development. This work is contribution 159 of the Coastal Hypoxia Research Program and was supported in part by grant NA05NOS4781204 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.2.0569 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130XU UT WOS:000317954300012 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Reilly, TJ Sandstrom, MW Kuivila, KM AF Smalling, Kelly L. Reilly, Timothy J. Sandstrom, Mark W. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fungicides; Pyraclostrobin; Bed sediment; Suspended solids; Persistence ID SURFACE WATERS; RIVER-BASIN; PESTICIDES; SOILS; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY; STREAMS; RUNOFF AB To document the environmental occurrence and persistence of fungicides, a robust and sensitive analytical method was used to measure 34 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in bed sediments and suspended solids collected from areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within agricultural research farms using prophylactic fungicides at rates and types typical of their geographic location. At least two fungicides were detected in 55% of the bed and 83% of the suspended solid samples and were detected in conjunction with herbicides and insecticides. Six fungicides were detected in all samples including pyraclostrobin (75%), boscalid (53%), chlorothalonil (41%) and zoxamide (22%). Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, used frequently in the United States on a variety of crops, was detected more frequently than p,p'-DDE, the primary degradate of p,p'-DDT, which is typically one of the most frequently occurring pesticides in sediments collected within highly agricultural areas. Maximum fungicide concentrations in bed sediments and suspended solids were 198 and 56.7 mu g/kg dry weight, respectively. There is limited information on the occurrence, fate, and persistence of many fungicides in sediment and the environmental impacts are largely unknown. The results of this study indicate the importance of documenting the persistence of fungicides in the environment and the need for a better understanding of off-site transport mechanisms, particularly in areas where crops are grown that require frequent treatments to prevent fungal diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Reilly, Timothy J.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov' OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675; Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The managers of the source of funding did not participate in the design of the study, nor the interpretation or writing of the manuscript. All such decisions were solely made by the authors. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100021 PM 23380566 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Pinkney, AE Jenkins, JA Iwanowicz, LR Minkkinen, S Draugelis-Dale, RO Uphoff, JH AF Blazer, Vicki S. Pinkney, Alfred E. Jenkins, Jill A. Iwanowicz, Luke R. Minkkinen, Steven Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. Uphoff, James H. TI Reproductive health of yellow perch Perca flavescens in selected tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Yellow perch; Chesapeake Bay; Reproductive health; Oocyte maturation; Leydig cell proliferation ID DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; LEYDIG-CELL HYPERPLASIA; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; FATHEAD MINNOW; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; OOCYTE MATURATION; FISH; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Reduced recruitment of yellow perch has been noted for a number of years in certain urbanized watersheds (South and Severn Rivers) of the Chesapeake Bay. Other rapidly developing watersheds such as Mattawoman Creek are more recently showing evidence of reduced recruitment of anadromous fishes. In this study, we used a battery of biomarkers to better document the reproductive health of adult yellow perch collected during spring spawning in 2007-2009. Perch were collected in the South and Severn Rivers, Mattawoman Creek and the less developed Choptank and Allen's Fresh watersheds for comparison. Gonadosomatic indices, plasma reproductive hormone concentrations, plasma vitellogenin concentrations and gonad histology were evaluated in mature perch of both sexes. In addition, sperm quantity (cell counts) and quality (total and progressive motility, spermatogenic stage and DNA integrity), were measured in male perch. Many of these biomarkers varied annually and spatially, with some interesting statistical results and trends. Male perch from the Choptank and Allen's Fresh had generally higher sperm counts. In 2008 counts were significantly lower in the perch from the Severn when compared to other sites. The major microscopic gonadal abnormality in males was the proliferation of putative Leydig cells, observed in testes from Severn and less commonly, Mattawoman Creek perch. Observations that could significantly impact egg viability were an apparent lack of final maturation, abnormal yolk and thin, irregular zona pellucida. These were observed primarily in ovaries from Severn, South and less commonly Mattawoman Creek perch. The potential association of these observations with urbanization, impervious surface and chemical contaminants is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blazer, Vicki S.; Iwanowicz, Luke R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pinkney, Alfred E.; Minkkinen, Steven] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Jenkins, Jill A.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Uphoff, James H.] Cooperat Oxford Lab, Fisheries Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Vblazer@usgs.gov; Fred_Pinkeny@fws.gov; jenkinsj@usgs.gov; Liwanowicz@usgs.gov; steve_minkkinen@fws.gov; daler@usgs.gov; juphoff@dnr.state.md.us OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Mirant Corporation; U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems, Fisheries and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Mirant Corporation and the U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystems, Fisheries and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. The authors thank Deb Iwanowicz and Emily Chambers for assistance with perch necropsies; Kathryn Spring and Darlene Bowling (USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory) for histological slide preparation; E. Theall and H. Olivier (USGS National Wetlands Research Center) and B. Eilts (Louisiana State University) for CASA, and Peter Claggett, USGS for land use/land cover information. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 447 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.088 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KG UT WOS:000317538100023 PM 23384644 ER PT J AU Ishii, M Kiser, E Geist, EL AF Ishii, Miaki Kiser, Eric Geist, Eric L. TI M-w 8.6 Sumatran earthquake of 11 April 2012: Rare seaward expression of oblique subduction SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HI-NET; ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; PLATE; SLIP; JAPAN AB The magnitude 8.6 and 8.2 earthquakes off northwestern Sumatra on 11 April 2012 generated small tsunami waves that were recorded by stations around the Indian Ocean. Combining differential travel-time modeling of tsunami waves with results from back projection of seismic data reveals a complex source with a significant trench-parallel component. The oblique plate convergence indicates that similar to 20-50 m of trench-parallel displacement could have accumulated since the last megathrust earthquake, only part of which has been taken up by the Great Sumatran fault. This suggests that the remaining trench-parallel motion was released during the magnitude 8.6 earthquake on 11 April 2012 within the subducting plate. The magnitude 8.6 earthquake is interpreted to be a result of oblique subduction as well as a reduction in normal stress due to the occurrence of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in 2004. C1 [Ishii, Miaki; Kiser, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ishii, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 DI 10.1130/G33783.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 130IM UT WOS:000317907500008 ER PT J AU Wythers, KR Reich, PB Bradford, JB AF Wythers, Kirk R. Reich, Peter B. Bradford, John B. TI Incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and foliar respiration acclimation algorithms modifies modeled ecosystem responses to global change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; ELEVATED CO2; SOUTHERN-POPULATIONS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY AB Evidence suggests that respiration acclimation (RA) to temperature in plants can have a substantial influence on ecosystem carbon balance. To assess the influence of RA on ecosystem response variables in the presence of global change drivers, we incorporated a temperature-sensitive Q(10) of respiration and foliar basal RA into the ecosystem model PnET-CN. We examined the new algorithms' effects on modeled net primary production (NPP), total canopy foliage mass, foliar nitrogen concentration, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem respiration/gross primary production ratios. This latter ratio more closely matched eddy covariance long-termdata when RA was incorporated in the model than when not. Averaged across four boreal ecotone sites and three forest types at year 2100, the enhancement of NPP in response to the combination of rising [CO2] and warming was 9% greater when RA algorithms were used, relative to responses using fixed respiration parameters. The enhancement of NPP response to global change was associated with concomitant changes in foliar nitrogen and foliage mass. In addition, impacts of RA algorithms on modeled responses of NEE closely paralleled impacts on NPP. These results underscore the importance of incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and basal RA algorithms into ecosystem models. Given the current evidence that atmospheric [CO2] and surface temperature will continue to rise, and that ecosystem responses to those changes appear to be modified by RA, which is a common phenotypic adjustment, the potential for misleading results increases if models fail to incorporate RA into their carbon balance calculations. Citation: Wythers, K. R., P. B. Reich, and J. B. Bradford (2013), Incorporating temperature-sensitive Q(10) and foliar respiration acclimation algorithms modifies modeled ecosystem responses to global change, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 77-90, doi:10.1029/2011JG001897. C1 [Wythers, Kirk R.; Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wythers, KR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kwythers@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture [09-JV-11244419-037]; Wilderness Research Foundation; Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, via joint venture agreement 09-JV-11244419-037, between the U. S. Forest Service and the University of Minnesota. Additional funding was supplied by the Wilderness Research Foundation and the Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1029/2011JG001897 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700007 ER PT J AU Sudduth, EB Perakis, SS Bernhardt, ES AF Sudduth, Elizabeth B. Perakis, Steven S. Bernhardt, Emily S. TI Nitrate in watersheds: Straight from soils to streams? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN SATURATION; MID-WALES; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SMALL CATCHMENTS; RIPARIAN ZONES; HUBBARD-BROOK; LAND-USE AB Human activities are rapidly increasing the global supply of reactive N and substantially altering the structure and hydrologic connectivity of managed ecosystems. There is long-standing recognition that N must be removed along hydrologic flow paths from uplands to streams, yet it has proven difficult to assess the generality of this removal across ecosystem types and whether these patterns are influenced by land use change. To assess how well upland nitrate (NO3-) loss is reflected in stream export, we gathered information from >50 watershed biogeochemical studies that reported nitrate concentrations ([NO3-]) for stream water and for either upslope soil solution or groundwater NO3- to examine whether stream export of NO3- accurately reflects upland NO3- losses. In this data set, soil solution and stream water [NO3-] were correlated across 40 undisturbed forest watersheds, with stream water [NO3-] typically half (median = 50%) soil solution [NO3-]. A similar relationship was seen in 10 disturbed forest watersheds. However, for 12 watersheds with significant agricultural or urban development, the intercept and slope were both significantly higher than the relationship seen in forest watersheds. Differences in concentration between soil solution or groundwater and stream water may be attributed to biological uptake, microbial processes including denitrification, and/or preferential flow routing. The results of this synthesis are consistent with the hypotheses that undisturbed watersheds have a significant capacity to remove nitrate after it passes below the rooting zone and that land use changes tend to alter the efficiency or the length of watershed flow paths, leading to reductions in nitrate removal and increased stream nitrate concentrations. Citation: Sudduth, E. B., S. S. Perakis, and E. S. Bernhardt (2013), Nitrate in watersheds: Straight from soils to streams?, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 291-302, doi:10.1002/jgrg.20030. C1 [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.; Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.; Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC USA. [Sudduth, Elizabeth B.] Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Sch Sci & Technol, Lawrenceville, GA 30043 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Sudduth, EB (reprint author), Georgia Gwinnett Coll, Sch Sci & Technol, 1000 Univ Ctr Ln, Lawrenceville, GA 30043 USA. EM esudduth@ggc.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program [916612] FX Larry Band, Peter Groffman, Dennis Baldocchi, Douglas Burns, and two anonymous reviewers offered extensive comments on a previous version of this manuscript that greatly improved it. We thank Justin Wright, Rob Jackson, Martin Doyle, and members of the Bernhardt lab for helpful comments and discussion. The research described in this paper has also been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program, Grant 916612. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 117 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 118 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700024 ER PT J AU Kasischke, ES Amiro, BD Barger, NN French, NHF Goetz, SJ Grosse, G Harmon, ME Hicke, JA Liu, SG Masek, JG AF Kasischke, Eric S. Amiro, Brian D. Barger, Nichole N. French, Nancy H. F. Goetz, Scott J. Grosse, Guido Harmon, Mark E. Hicke, Jeffrey A. Liu, Shuguang Masek, Jeffrey G. TI Impacts of disturbance on the terrestrial carbon budget of North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; FOREST GAP MODELS; ICE STORM DAMAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PERMAFROST THAW; FIRE SEVERITY; BOREAL FOREST; DYNAMICS; CANADA AB Because it is an important regulator of terrestrial carbon cycling in North America, extensive research on natural and human disturbances has been carried out as part of the North American Carbon Program and the CarboNA project. A synthesis of various components of this research was carried out, and the results are presented in the papers contained in this special section. While the synthesis primarily focused on the impacts of fire, insects/disease, and harvesting on terrestrial carbon cycling in forests, several groups focused on impacts of disturbance on woody encroachment in western U. S. dry lands and on soil carbon present in northern high-latitude regions. Here, we present a summary of the results from these papers, along with the findings and recommendations from the disturbance synthesis. Citation: Kasischke, E. S., B. D. Amiro, N. N. Barger, N. H. F. French, S. J. Goetz, G. Grosse, M. E. Harmon, J. A. Hicke, S. Liu, and J. G. Masek (2013), Impacts of disturbance on the terrestrial carbon budget of North America, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 118, 303-316, doi:10.1002/jgrg.20027. C1 [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Amiro, Brian D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Barger, Nichole N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [French, Nancy H. F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hicke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kasischke, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekasisch@umd.edu RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; French, Nancy/0000-0002-2389-3003 FU NASA [NNX08AK69G, NNX09AP53G, NNX08AG13G, NNX08AJ37, NNX08AI79G]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310526]; NSF [0902056, OPP-0732735]; USGS Western Mountain Initiative, U.S.F.S. Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, National Institute for Climate Change Research (Department of Energy); University of Idaho NSF EPSCoR FX The authors thank the U.S. Geological Survey for providing travel support for attendees of a disturbance synthesis workshop, held in Reston, Virginia, 28-30 October 2009. N.H.F.F. was supported by NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program grant NNX08AK69G and NASA Applied Science Program grant NNX09AP53G. S.J.G. acknowledges support from NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program grant NA08OAR4310526, NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program grant NNX08AG13G, and NSF Seasonality grant 0902056. G. G. was supported by NSF grant OPP-0732735 and NASA grant NNX08AJ37. J.A.H. was supported by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative, U.S.F.S. Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center, National Institute for Climate Change Research (Department of Energy), and the University of Idaho NSF EPSCoR grant. E. S. K. was supported by NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program grant NNX08AI79G. J.G.M. was supported by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. NR 89 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 139 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20027 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 129MN UT WOS:000317844700025 ER PT J AU Sollmann, R Gardner, B Parsons, AW Stocking, JJ McClintock, BT Simons, TR Pollock, KH O'Connell, AF AF Sollmann, Rahel Gardner, Beth Parsons, Arielle W. Stocking, Jessica J. McClintock, Brett T. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. O'Connell, Allan F. TI A spatial mark-resight model augmented with telemetry data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian statistics; camera trapping; density; mark-resight; Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler; population estimation; Procyon lotor; raccoons; spatial capture-recapture; telemetry ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; CARNIVORES; ABUNDANCE; RATES; NESTS AB Abundance and population density are fundamental pieces of information for population ecology and species conservation, but they are difficult to estimate for rare and elusive species. Mark-resight models are popular for estimating population abundance because they are less invasive and expensive than traditional mark-recapture. However, density estimation using mark-resight is difficult because the area sampled must be explicitly defined, historically using ad hoc approaches. We developed a spatial mark-resight model for estimating population density that combines spatial resighting data and telemetry data. Incorporating telemetry data allows us to inform model parameters related to movement and individual location. Our model also allows <100% individual identification of marked individuals. We implemented the model in a Bayesian framework, using a custom-made Metropolis-within-Gibbs Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. As an example, we applied this model to a mark-resight study of raccoons (Procyon lotor) on South Core Banks, a barrier island in Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. We estimated a population of 186.71 +/- 14.81 individuals, which translated to a density of 8.29 +/- 0.66 individuals/km(2) (mean +/- SD). The model presented here will have widespread utility in future applications, especially for species that are not naturally marked. C1 [Sollmann, Rahel; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Parsons, Arielle W.; Stocking, Jessica J.; Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. RP Sollmann, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, 110 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM rsollma@ncsu.edu FU Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service FX Funding support was provided by the Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. We are grateful to the resource management staff at Cape Lookout NS for their logistical support. We thank J. Andrew Royle, Richard B. Chandler, Brian Reich and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 85 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300001 PM 23687880 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Hines, JE Nichols, JD Grant, EHC AF Kendall, William L. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Grant, Evan H. Campbell TI Relaxing the closure assumption in occupancy models: staggered arrival and departure times SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anurans; climate change; detection probability; maximum likelihood; occupancy models; phenology; presence-absence; residence time; species distribution ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECAPTURE; RESPONSES AB Occupancy statistical models that account for imperfect detection have proved very useful in several areas of ecology, including species distribution and spatial dynamics, disease ecology, and ecological responses to climate change. These models are based on the collection of multiple samples at each of a number of sites within a given season, during which it is assumed the species is either absent or present and available for detection while each sample is taken. However, for some species, individuals are only present or available for detection seasonally. We present a statistical model that relaxes the closure assumption within a season by permitting staggered entry and exit times for the species of interest at each site. Based on simulation, our open model eliminates bias in occupancy estimators and in some cases increases precision. The power to detect the violation of closure is high if detection probability is reasonably high. In addition to providing more robust estimation of occupancy, this model permits comparison of phenology across sites, species, or years, by modeling variation in arrival or departure probabilities. In a comparison of four species of amphibians in Maryland we found that two toad species arrived at breeding sites later in the season than a salamander and frog species, and departed from sites earlier. C1 [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wkendall@usgs.gov RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 610 EP 617 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300008 PM 23687887 ER PT J AU Yelenik, S Perakis, S Hibbs, D AF Yelenik, Stephanie Perakis, Steven Hibbs, David TI Regional constraints to biological nitrogen fixation in post-fire forest communities SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological nitrogen fixation; climate gradient; Klamath National Forest; P fertilization; plant competition; soil nitrogen ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS; DOUGLAS-FIR; LEAF-LITTER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CEANOTHUS-VELUTINUS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; INTERIOR ALASKA; PACIFIC MADRONE; OREGON CASCADES AB Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a key ecological process that can restore nitrogen (N) lost in wildfire and shape the pace and pattern of post-fire forest recovery. To date, there is limited information on how climate and soil fertility interact to influence different pathways of BNF in early forest succession. We studied asymbiotic (forest floor and soil) and symbiotic (the shrub Ceanothus integerrimus) BNF rates across six sites in the Klamath National Forest, California, USA. We used combined gradient and experimental phosphorus (P) fertilization studies to explore cross-site variation in BNF rates and then related these rates to abiotic and biotic variables. We estimate that our measured BNF rates 22 years after wildfire (6.1-12.1 kg N.ha(-1).yr(-1)) are unlikely to fully replace wildfire N losses. We found that asymbiotic BNF is P limited, although this is not the case for symbiotic BNF in Ceanothus. In contrast, Ceanothus BNF is largely driven by competition from other vegetation: in high-productivity sites with high potential evapotranspiration (Et), shrub biomass is suppressed as tree biomass increases. Because shrub biomass governed cross-site variation in Ceanothus BNF, this competitive interaction led to lower BNF in sites with high productivity and Et. Overall, these results suggest that the effects of nutrients play a larger role in driving asymbiotic than symbiotic fixation across our post-fire sites. However, because symbiotic BNF is 8-90x greater than asymbiotic BNF, it is interspecific plant competition that governs overall BNF inputs in these forests. C1 [Yelenik, Stephanie; Hibbs, David] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perakis, Steven] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yelenik, S (reprint author), POB 2043, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. EM stephanie.yelenik@lifesci.ucsb.edu OI Yelenik, Stephanie/0000-0002-9011-0769 FU Bureau of Land Management; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon State University; Oregon Department of Forestry FX We thank C. Catricala, E. Cowley, A. Smith, and A. Thiel for help with labwork, and S. Dunham, A. Moreno, A. Paulson, F. Phiffer, and E. Sinkhorn for help with fieldwork. F. Prahl (OSU) kindly offered use of his lab for stable isotope work. C. Sharpe (USFS Happy Camp Ranger District) provided valuable logistic help, and J. Blanchard (Klamath National Forest) provided us with soil bulk density data for our sites. Our manuscript was improved by detailed suggestions from Julia Burton and two anonymous reviewers. Finally, we thank the Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Department of Forestry, the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and Oregon State University for funding. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 63 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 739 EP 750 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300020 PM 23687899 ER PT J AU Berger, AL Palik, B D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Bradford, JB Nislow, K King, D Brooks, RT AF Berger, Alaina L. Palik, Brian D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn Bradford, John B. Nislow, Keith King, David Brooks, Robert T. TI Ecological Impacts of Energy-Wood Harvests: Lessons from Whole-Tree Harvesting and Natural Disturbance SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE aquatic ecosystems; biodiversity; biofuels; carbon storage; energy-wood; forest productivity; natural disturbance; whole-tree harvesting; woody debris; saproxylic organisms ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; JACK PINE FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; NEW-ENGLAND; TEMPERATE FORESTS; INHABITING FUNGI; CARBON STORAGE AB Recent interest in using forest residues and small-diameter material for biofuels is generating a renewed focus on harvesting impacts and forest sustainability. The rich legacy of research from whole-tree harvesting studies can be examined in light of this interest. Although this research largely focused on consequences for forest productivity, in particular carbon and nutrient pools, it also has relevance for examining potential consequences for biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. This review is framed within a context of contrasting ecosystem impacts from whole-tree harvesting because it represents a high level of biomass removal. Although whole-tree harvesting does not fully use the nonmerchantable biomass available, it indicates the likely direction and magnitude of impacts that can occur through energy-wood harvesting compared with less-intensive conventional harvesting and to dynamics associated with various natural disturbances. The intent of this comparison is to gauge the degree of departure of energy-wood harvesting from less intensive conventional harvesting. The review of the literature found a gradient of increasing departure in residual structural conditions that remained in the forest when conventional and whole-tree harvesting was compared with stand-replacing natural disturbance. Important stand- and landscape-level processes were related to these structural conditions. The consequence of this departure may be especially potent because future energy-wood harvests may more completely use a greater range of forest biomass at potentially shortened rotations, creating a great need for research that explores the largely unknown scale of disturbance that may apply to our forest ecosystems. C1 [Berger, Alaina L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian; Nislow, Keith; King, David; Brooks, Robert T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Berger, AL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM alberger@umn.edu; bpalik@fs.fed.us; damato@umn.edu; sfraver@fs.fed.us; jbradford@usgs.gov; knislow@fs.fed.us; dking@fs.fed.us; rtbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Department of Energy/US Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development initiative grant; USDA Forest Service, Northern Forest Research Station FX The authors acknowledge support from the Department of Energy/US Department of Agriculture Biomass Research and Development initiative grant and funding from the USDA Forest Service, Northern Forest Research Station. The authors also acknowledge comments on an earlier version of this review by John Brissette. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 173 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 91 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 EI 1938-3746 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 121OC UT WOS:000317253100011 ER PT J AU Kane, ES Chivers, MR Turetsky, MR Treat, CC Petersen, DG Waldrop, M Harden, JW McGuire, AD AF Kane, E. S. Chivers, M. R. Turetsky, M. R. Treat, C. C. Petersen, D. G. Waldrop, M. Harden, J. W. McGuire, A. D. TI Response of anaerobic carbon cycling to water table manipulation in an Alaskan rich fen SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Boreal; Fen; Climate change; Dissolved organic carbon; Peat; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle ID BIG RUN BOG; METHANE PRODUCTION; NORTHERN WETLANDS; PEAT SOILS; LABORATORY INCUBATIONS; VEGETATION GRADIENT; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; INTERIOR ALASKA; REDOX PROCESSES; CLIMATIC-CHANGE AB To test the effects of altered hydrology on organic soil decomposition, we investigated CO2 and CH4 production potential of rich-fen peat (mean surface pH = 6.3) collected from a field water table manipulation experiment including control, raised and lowered water table treatments. Mean anaerobic CO2 production potential at 10 cm depth (14.1 +/- 0.9 mu mol C g(-1) d(-1)) was as high as aerobic CO2 production potential (10.6 +/- 1.5 mu mol C g(-1) d(-1)), while CH4 production was low (mean of 7.8 +/- 1.5 nmol C g(-1) d(-1)). Denitrification enzyme activity indicated a very high denitrification potential (197 +/- 23 mu g N g(-1) d(-1)), but net NO3- reduction suggested this was a relatively minor pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. Abundances of denitrifier genes (nirK and nosZ) did not change across water table treatments. SO42- reduction also did not appear to be an important pathway for anaerobic CO2 production. The net accumulation of acetate and formate as decomposition end products in the raised water table treatment suggested that fermentation was a significant pathway for carbon mineralization, even in the presence of NOT. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were the strongest predictors of potential anaerobic and aerobic CO2 production. Across all water table treatments, the CO2:CH4 ratio increased with initial DOC leachate concentrations. While the field water table treatment did not have a significant effect on mean CO2 or CH4 production potential, the CO2:CH4 ratio was highest in shallow peat incubations from the drained treatment. These data suggest that with continued drying or with a more variable water table, anaerobic CO2 production may be favored over CH4 production in this rich fen. Future research examining the potential for dissolved organic substances to facilitate anaerobic respiration, or alternative redox processes that limit the effectiveness of organic acids as substrates in anaerobic metabolism, would help explain additional uncertainty concerning carbon mineralization in this system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kane, E. S.; Chivers, M. R.; Turetsky, M. R.; Treat, C. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Petersen, D. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldrop, M.; Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Kane, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM eskane@mtu.edu; molly.chivers@us.army.mil; mrt@uoguelph.ca; claire.treat@unh.edu; dorthe.petersen@biology.au.dk; mwaldrop@usgs.gov; jharden@usgs.gov; admcguire@alaska.edu RI Petersen, Dorthe/B-6063-2009; OI Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0425328]; National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Water Sciences; Carlsberg foundation; NSF [DEB-0423442]; USDA Forest Service [PNWOHV11261952-231] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0425328, a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M.R.C., an Environmental Protection Agency Students to Achieve Results Fellowship to M.R.C., a Center for Water Sciences (MSU) fellowship to E.S.K., a post doc fellowship from the Carlsberg foundation to D.G.P., and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF Grant DEB-0423442 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Grant PNWOHV11261952-231) with support from Global Change programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Jon O'Donnell, Erik Lilies kov, and Amy Burgin (and her students) for helpful review and comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also appreciate the very thoughtful and constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 97 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.032 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 120GH UT WOS:000317158300007 ER PT J AU Keller, AB Reed, SC Townsend, AR Cleveland, CC AF Keller, Adrienne B. Reed, Sasha C. Townsend, Alan R. Cleveland, Cory C. TI Effects of canopy tree species on belowground biogeochemistry in a lowland wet tropical forest SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Carbon; Nitrogen; Soil phosphatase enzymes; Phosphorus; Species effect; Tropical rain forest ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COSTA-RICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; WEATHERED SOILS; USE EFFICIENCY AB Tropical rain forests are known for their high biological diversity, but the effects of plant diversity on important ecosystem processes in this biome remain unclear. Interspecies differences in both the demand for nutrients and in foliar and litter nutrient concentrations could drive variations in both the pool sizes and fluxes of important belowground resources, yet our understanding of the effects and importance of aboveground heterogeneity on belowground biogeochemistry is poor, especially in the species-rich forests of the wet tropics. To investigate the effects of individual tree species on below-ground biogeochemical processes, we used both field and laboratory studies to examine how carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles vary under nine different canopy tree species - including three legume and six non-legume species - that vary in foliar nutrient concentrations in a wet tropical forest in southwestern Costa Rica. We found significant differences in belowground C, N and P cycling under different canopy tree species: total C, N and P pools in standing litter varied by species, as did total soil and microbial C and N pools. Rates of soil extracellular acid phosphatase activity also varied significantly among species and functional groups, with higher rates of phosphatase activity under legumes. In addition, across all tree species, phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with litter N/P ratios, suggesting a tight coupling between relative N and P inputs and resource allocation to P acquisition. Overall, our results suggest the importance of aboveground plant community composition in promoting belowground biogeochemical heterogeneity at relatively small spatial scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keller, Adrienne B.; Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Townsend, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cleveland, CC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, CHCB 423B, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM adrienne.keller@gmail.com; screed@usgs.gov; alan.townsend@colorado.edu; cory.cleveland@umontana.edu FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank Osa Conservation, F. Campos Rivera, the Organizacion para Estudios Tropicales (OET) and the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia (MINAE) for access to field sites, assistance with research permits and logistical support in Costa Rica. We are grateful for field and laboratory assistance from Reinaldo Aguilar, Jay Aylward, Sarah Castle, Walkom Combronero-Castro, Tell Dietzler, Patrick Funk, Jonathan Leff, Megan Keville, Phillip Taylor, Samantha Weintraub, and William Wieder. Grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation supported this research. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 106 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.041 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 120GH UT WOS:000317158300008 ER PT J AU Brooks, GL Sanders, FJ Gerard, PD Jodice, PGR AF Brooks, Gillian L. Sanders, Felicia J. Gerard, Patrick D. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Daily Survival Rate for Nests and Chicks of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) at Natural Nest Sites in South Carolina SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE chick survival; Least Tern; nest predation; nest success; South Carolina; Sternula antillarum ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HATCHING SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; BLACK SKIMMERS; COMMON TERNS; WADDEN SEA; SELECTION; HABITAT; PREDATION; VIRGINIA AB Although a species of conservation concern, little is known about the reproductive success of Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) throughout the southeastern USA where availability of natural beaches for nesting is limited. Daily survival rate (DSR) of nests and chicks was examined at four natural nesting sites in Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina, 2009-2010. Measures of nest success (n = 257 nests) ranged from 0-93% among colony sites. The DSR of nests was primarily related to colony site, but year and estimates of predation risk also were related to DSR. Predation was the principal cause of identifiable nest loss, accounting for 47% of nest failures when the two years of data were pooled. The probability (+/- SE) of a chick surviving from hatching to fledging = 0.449 +/- 0.01 (n = 92 chicks). DSR of chicks was negatively related to tide height and rainfall. Therefore, productivity of Least Terns is being lost during both the nesting and chick stage through a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that may prove difficult to fully mitigate or manage. Although natural nesting sites within Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge intermittently produce successful nests, the consistency of productivity over the long term is still unknown. Given that the long term availability of anthropogenic nest sites (e.g., rooftops, dredge-spoil islands) for Least Terns is questionable, further research is required both locally and throughout the region to assess the extent to which natural sites act as population sources or sinks. Received 24 April 2012, accepted 11 October 2012. C1 [Brooks, Gillian L.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Brooks, Gillian L.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sanders, Felicia J.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Mcclellanville, SC 29458 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pjodice@clemson.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University; U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Spinks, S. Dawsey, C. Wakefield, L. Eggert, M. Martin, L. Brooks, J. Tavano, and L. Barnhill as well as numerous interns and volunteers for support and assistance in the field. This research was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences at Clemson University, and the U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Logistical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The manuscript benefitted from comments by R. Powell, J. Stucker, and anonymous reviewers. Permits for various phases of this research were provided by The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Lab (Permit # 22408) and The Clemson University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol # 2009-018). The South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any mention of commercial products is for information purposes only and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500001 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Andersen, DE Raedeke, AH Humburg, DD AF Reiter, Matthew E. Andersen, David E. Raedeke, Andrew H. Humburg, Dale D. TI Species Associations and Habitat Influence the Range-Wide Distribution of Breeding Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) on Western Hudson Bay SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; Branta canadensis interior; breeding habitat; Canada Geese; Chen caerulescens caerulescens; Lesser Snow Geese; species interactions ID EASTERN PRAIRIE POPULATION; NEST SURVIVAL; CACKLING GEESE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSEQUENCES; COLONY AB Inter- and intra-specific interactions are potentially important factors influencing the distribution of populations. Aerial survey data, collected during range-wide breeding population surveys for Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior), 1987-2008, were evaluated to assess factors influencing their nesting distribution. Specifically, associations between nesting Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and EPP Canada Geese were quantified; and changes in the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese were identified. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models of EPP Canada Goose nest counts were evaluated within a cross-validation framework. The total count of EPP Canada Goose nests varied moderately among years between 1987 and 2008 with no long-term trend; however, the total count of nesting Lesser Snow Geese generally increased. Three models containing factors related to previous EPP Canada Goose nest density (representing recruitment), distance to Hudson Bay (representing brood-habitat), nesting habitat type, and Lesser Snow Goose nest density (inter-specific associations) were the most accurate, improving prediction accuracy by 45% when compared to intercept-only models. EPP Canada Goose nest density varied by habitat type, was negatively associated with distance to coastal brood-rearing areas, and suggested density-dependent intra-specific effects on recruitment. However, a non-linear relationship between Lesser Snow and EPP Canada Goose nest density suggests that as nesting Lesser Snow Geese increase, EPP Canada Geese locally decline and subsequently the spatial distribution of EPP Canada Geese on western Hudson Bay has changed. Received 8 May 2012, accepted 5 September 2012 C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Raedeke, Andrew H.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Humburg, Dale D.] Ducks Unltd, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, TomKat Field Stn, POB 747, Pescadero, CA 94060 USA. EM mreiter@prbo.org NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 20 EP 33 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500003 ER PT J AU Obernuefemann, KP Collazo, JA Lyons, JE AF Obernuefemann, Kelsey P. Collazo, Jaime A. Lyons, James E. TI Local Movements and Wetland Connectivity at a Migratory Stopover of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the Southeastern United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Calidris pusilla; coastal wetlands; migration; movement probability; multi-state models; residency probability; Semipalmated Sandpiper; South Carolina; wetland connectivity ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; AGRICULTURAL VALLEY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SPRING MIGRATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; FOOD ABUNDANCE; PREY ABUNDANCE; SITE FIDELITY; FAT-CONTENT AB Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) use coastal wetlands in the southeastern United States during spring migration, some engaging in short-distance movements and brief refueling stops. Knowledge about the scale and factors that influence these movements could guide conservation planning, but often this information is not available. The influence of inter-wetland distance, prey biomass, amount of foraging habitat at depths of 0-4 cm, and density of migrating Semipalmated Sandpipers on their movement and stopover residency was investigated at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in South Carolina in spring 2007. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center contains three clusters of coastal wetlands separated by 2.6, 2.8 and 4.1 km. Probability of moving among wetland clusters and stopover residency were estimated using multi-state mark-recapture models and encounter histories from 502 marked Semipalmated Sandpipers. Sixty-four percent of Semipalmated Sandpipers remained within 2 km of site-of-capture for the duration of the study. Movement probabilities were negatively influenced by inter-cluster distance and Semipalmated Sandpiper density. Probability of moving between clusters 2.6-2.8 km apart was higher than clusters separated by 4.1 km. Semipalmated Sandpipers were more likely to depart the study area and resume migration after feeding in wetland clusters with abundant prey and accessible habitat. The interaction between prey and accessible habitat led to instances where Semipalmated Sandpipers were more likely to remain in wetlands with low prey levels, but high accessible habitat, or low accessible habitat, but high prey levels. Local movements among alternative foraging locations were facilitated when wetlands were < 2.8 km apart, highlighting the benefits of integrated management at small scales. Received 29 July 2011, accepted 4 December 2012. C1 [Obernuefemann, Kelsey P.; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Obernuefemann, Kelsey P.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jaime_Collazo@ncsu.edu FU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [06-039-0] FX We thank the Tom Yawkey Foundation for providing us with access to the study area, housing and logistic support. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for supporting this research. Special thanks go to Bob Joyner and Jamie Dozier for their support. We would also like to thank Francisco Collazo, Meredith Goss, Susan Haseltine, Charlotte Melson, Jeff Obernuefemann, Kerry Piper, Kim Piper, Sandy Sauer, and Maggie Taras for their assistance in the field. Thanks also go to Adam Watts for providing the aerial imagery to finalize the bathymetry maps. We are grateful to Steve Williams for assistance with ArcMap, and to James Nichols, William Kendall, James Hines, Gordon Brown and Kenneth Pollock for their statistical advice. We also thank Jeffrey Walters, Susan D. Skagen and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit number 06-039-0. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 36 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500007 ER PT J AU McGowan, CP Gardner, B AF McGowan, Conor P. Gardner, Beth TI Evaluating Methodological Assumptions of Catch-Curve Survival Estimation for Unmarked Precocial Shorebird Chicks SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Charadrius melodus; daily survival estimates; fecundity; Piping Plovers; precocial shorebirds; simulation study; validating assumptions ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LOCAL-POPULATION; PIPING PLOVERS AB Estimating productivity for precocial species can be difficult because young birds leave their nest within hours or days of hatching and detectability thereafter can be very low. Recently, a method for using a modified catch-urve to estimate precocial chick daily survival for age based count data was presented using Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) data from the Missouri River. However, many of the assumptions of the catch-curve approach were not fully evaluated for precocial chicks. We developed a simulation model to mimic Piping Plovers, a fairly representative shorebird, and age-based count-data collection. Using the simulated data, we calculated daily survival estimates and compared them with the known daily survival rates from the simulation model. We conducted these comparisons under different sampling scenarios where the ecological and statistical assumptions had been violated. Overall, the daily survival estimates calculated from the simulated data corresponded well with true survival rates of the simulation. Violating the accurate aging and the independence assumptions did not result in biased daily survival estimates, whereas unequal detection for younger or older birds and violating the birth death equilibrium did result in estimator bias. Assuring that all ages are equally detectable and timing data collection to approximately meet the birth death equilibrium are key to the successful use of this method for precocial shorebirds. Received 5 June 2012, accepted 24 September 2012. C1 [McGowan, Conor P.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cmgowan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; North Carolina State University FX The work was not supported by a specific grant but was executed as part of our ongoing job responsibilities. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey and North Carolina State University for supporting this research. We thank J. Martin and two anonymous reviewers for enhancing this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 119HX UT WOS:000317089500009 ER PT J AU Sobron, P Alpers, CN AF Sobron, Pablo Alpers, Charles N. TI Raman Spectroscopy of Efflorescent Sulfate Salts from Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site, California SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage; Efflorescent sulfate minerals; Mars analogue; Iron Mountain; Laser Raman spectroscopy ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; NEGATIVE PH; JAROSITE; WATER; MARS; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRUM; DRAINAGE; SPAIN AB The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site near Redding, California, is a massive sulfide ore deposit that was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite intermittently for nearly 100 years. As a result, both water and air reached the sulfide deposits deep within the mountain, producing acid mine drainage consisting of sulfuric acid and heavy metals from the ore. Particularly, the drainage water from the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain is among the most acidic waters naturally found on Earth. The mineralogy at Iron Mountain can serve as a proxy for understanding sulfate formation on Mars. Selected sulfate efflorescent salts from Iron Mountain, formed from extremely acidic waters via drainage from sulfide mining, have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy. Gypsum, ferricopiapite, copiapite, melanterite, coquimbite, and voltaite are found within the samples. This work has implications for Mars mineralogical and geochemical investigations as well as for terrestrial environmental investigations related to acid mine drainage contamination. C1 [Sobron, Pablo] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Sobron, P (reprint author), Canadian Space Agcy, 6767 Rte Aeroport, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. EM pablo.sobron@asc-csa.gc.ca OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research in Astrobiology FX This work was partially funded by a research grant from The Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration and Field Research in Astrobiology. S.K. Sharma, A. Misra, and L. Bonal are acknowledged for their assistance with the Raman analysis at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The samples from Iron Mountain were obtained through cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 35 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1089/ast.2012.0908 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 116CV UT WOS:000316861100004 PM 23464669 ER PT J AU Kohler, AE Kusnierz, PC Copeland, T Venditti, DA Denny, L Gable, J Lewis, BA Kinzer, R Barnett, B Wipfli, MS AF Kohler, Andre E. Kusnierz, Paul C. Copeland, Timothy Venditti, David A. Denny, Lytle Gable, Josh Lewis, Bert A. Kinzer, Ryan Barnett, Bruce Wipfli, Mark S. TI Salmon-mediated nutrient flux in selected streams of the Columbia River basin, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; ANADROMOUS SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; DWELLING SALMONIDS; ESCAPEMENT GOALS; IDAHO STREAMS AB Salmon provide an important resource subsidy and linkage between marine and land-based ecosystems. This flow of energy and nutrients is not unidirectional (i.e., upstream only); in addition to passive nutrient export via stream flow, juvenile emigrants actively export nutrients from freshwater environments. In some cases, nutrient export can exceed import. We evaluated nutrient fluxes in streams across central Idaho, USA, using Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) adult escapement and juvenile production data from 1998 to 2008. We found in the majority of stream-years evaluated, adults imported more nutrients than progeny exported; however, in 3% of the years, juveniles exported more nutrients than their parents imported. On average, juvenile emigrants exported 22%+/- 3% of the nitrogen and 30%+/- 4% of the phosphorus their parents imported. This relationship was density-dependent and nonlinear; during periods of low adult abundance, juveniles were larger and exported up to 194% and 268% of parental nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, respectively. We highlight minimum escapement thresholds that appear to (i) maintain consistently positive net nutrient flux and (ii) reduce the average proportional rate of export across study streams. Our results suggest a state shift occurs when adult spawner abundance falls below a threshold to a point where the probability of juvenile nutrient exports exceeding adult imports becomes increasingly likely. C1 [Kohler, Andre E.; Kusnierz, Paul C.; Denny, Lytle; Gable, Josh] Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. [Copeland, Timothy; Venditti, David A.; Barnett, Bruce] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. [Lewis, Bert A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Kinzer, Ryan] Nez Perce Tribe, Dept Fisheries Resources Management, Mccall, ID 83638 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kohler, AE (reprint author), Shoshone Bannock Tribes, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Hall, ID 83203 USA. EM akohler@sbtribes.com FU Bonneville Power Administration [2008-904-00, 1989-098-00, 1990-055-00] FX We thank the agencies and staff involved in the Idaho Supplementation Studies for their contributions toward data collections that made this analysis possible. We greatly appreciate the discussions, reviews, and comments of Bruce McCune, Gregg Servheen, Colden Baxter, Amy Marcarelli, William Youmans, Greg Mladenka, and two anonymous reviewers. Partial funding for this work was provided by Bonneville Power Administration through project numbers 2008-904-00, 1989-098-00, and 1990-055-00. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 32 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0347 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200013 ER PT J AU Geissler, PE Stantzos, NW Bridges, NT Bourke, MC Silvestro, S Fenton, LK AF Geissler, Paul E. Stantzos, Nicholas W. Bridges, Nathan T. Bourke, Mary C. Silvestro, Simone Fenton, Lori K. TI Shifting sands on Mars: insights from tropical intra-crater dunes SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE Mars; dunes; saltation AB Evidence for sand motion is found in repeated observations of sand dunes at three sites in the Martian tropics by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. An eroding outcrop of layered sediments is identified as a possible source of the sand in Pasteur crater. Ancient layered sediments in Becquerel crater are actively being carved into flutes and yardangs by the blowing sands. Dunes in an un-named crater in Meridiani near the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landing site advanced as much as 50cm over an interval of one Martian year. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Geissler, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Stantzos, Nicholas W.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Bourke, Mary C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Silvestro, Simone; Fenton, Lori K.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Fenton, Lori K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Geissler, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgeissler@usgs.gov RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; FU NASA Mars Data Analysis program [NNH09ZDA001N] FX The efforts of the science and operations teams of both MER and HiRISE in acquiring these data are gratefully acknowledged. Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9 were prepared with JMARS software from Arizona State University. Thoughtful comments from Robert Sullivan and another reviewer helped improve the scholarship of this article. S. Silvestro is supported by a grant from the NASA Mars Data Analysis program (NNH09ZDA001N). NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1002/esp.3331 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 112DZ UT WOS:000316573700007 ER PT J AU Lee, H Reusser, DA Frazier, M AF Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. Frazier, Melanie TI Approaches to setting organism-based ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water; discharge standards; IMO treaty; invasive species; per capita invasion probability; PVA models ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES INVASIONS; MARINE INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; SHIPS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; ESTABLISHMENT AB As a vector by which foreign species invade coastal and freshwater waterbodies, ballast water discharge from ships is recognized as a major environmental threat. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) drafted an international treaty establishing ballast water discharge standards based on the number of viable organisms per volume of ballast discharge for different organism size classes. Concerns that the IMO standards are not sufficiently protective have initiated several state and national efforts in the United States to develop more stringent standards. We evaluated seven approaches to establishing discharge standards for the >50-mu m size class: (1) expert opinion/management consensus, (2) zero detectable living organisms, (3) natural invasion rates, (4) reaction-diffusion models, (5) population viability analysis (PVA) models, (6) per capita invasion probabilities (PCIP), and (7) experimental studies. Because of the difficulty in synthesizing scientific knowledge in an unbiased and transparent fashion, we recommend the use of quantitative models instead of expert opinion. The actual organism concentration associated with a "zero detectable organisms" standard is defined by the statistical rigor of its monitoring program; thus it is not clear whether such a standard is as stringent as other standards. For several reasons, the natural invasion rate, reaction-diffusion, and experimental approaches are not considered suitable for generating discharge standards. PVA models can be used to predict the likelihood of establishment of introduced species but are limited by a lack of population vital rates for species characteristic of ballast water discharges. Until such rates become available, PVA models are better suited to evaluate relative efficiency of proposed standards rather than predicting probabilities of invasion. The PCIP approach, which is based on historical invasion rates at a regional scale, appears to circumvent many of the indicated problems, although it may underestimate invasions by asexual and parthenogenic species. Further research is needed to better define propagule dose-responses, densities at which Allee effects occur, approaches to predicting the likelihood of invasion from multi-species introductions, and generation of formal comparisons of approaches using standardized scenarios. C1 [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lee.henry@epa.gov FU AMI/GEOSS IAG from the U.S. EPA [DW-14-92231501-0]; AMI/GEOSS [EP08D00051]; EPA NHEERL FX We thank the following for their contributions: Richard Everett, John Lishman, and Ryan Albert provided guidance on the national and international regulations; Cheryl Brown provided advice on mathematical issues; Richard Everett, John Lishman, Ryan Albert, John Van Sickle, Nathan H. Schumaker, Scott Smith, Jody Stecher, Katharine Marko, and Robert Ozretich reviewed earlier versions; and Whitman Miller and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on the manuscript. Deborah Reusser was partially funded through AMI/GEOSS IAG #DW-14-92231501-0 from the U.S. EPA. Melanie Frazier was funded through AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and an EPA NHEERL post-doc. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U. S. Geological Survey policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800003 ER PT J AU Reusser, DA Lee, H Frazier, M Ruiz, GM Fofonoff, PW Minton, MS Miller, AW AF Reusser, Deborah A. Lee, Henry, II Frazier, Melanie Ruiz, Gregory M. Fofonoff, Paul W. Minton, Mark S. Miller, A. Whitman TI Per capita invasion probabilities: an empirical model to predict rates of invasion via ballast water SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic invaders; ballast water discharge; IMO standards; invasion probabilities; propagule pressure ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; MARINE COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICA; ESTUARINE; ECOLOGY; PATTERN; SHIPS; RISK; SEA AB Ballast water discharges are a major source of species introductions into marine and estuarine ecosystems. To mitigate the introduction of new invaders into these ecosystems, many agencies are proposing standards that establish upper concentration limits for organisms in ballast discharge. Ideally, ballast discharge standards will be biologically defensible and adequately protective of the marine environment. We propose a new technique, the per capita invasion probability (PCIP), for managers to quantitatively evaluate the relative risk of different concentration-based ballast water discharge standards. PCIP represents the likelihood that a single discharged organism will become established as a new nonindigenous species. This value is calculated by dividing the total number of ballast water invaders per year by the total number of organisms discharged from ballast. Analysis was done at the coast-wide scale for the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, as well as the Great Lakes, to reduce uncertainty due to secondary invasions between estuaries on a single coast. The PCIP metric is then used to predict the rate of new ballast-associated invasions given various regulatory scenarios. Depending upon the assumptions used in the risk analysis, this approach predicts that approximately one new species will invade every 10-100 years with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of >10 organisms with body size >50 mu m per m 3 of ballast. This approach resolves many of the limitations associated with other methods of establishing ecologically sound discharge standards, and it allows policy makers to use risk-based methodologies to establish biologically defensible discharge standards. C1 [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lee, Henry, II; Frazier, Melanie] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruiz, Gregory M.; Fofonoff, Paul W.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Reusser, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dreusser@usgs.gov OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Minton, Mark/0000-0002-9439-4930; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU Department of Defense Legacy Program; National Sea Grant Program; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051] FX The collection and compilation of the invasion data were supported by past funding: Department of Defense Legacy Program, National Sea Grant Program, and the Smithsonian Institution. Melanie R. Frazier's contributions were partially funded by a U.S. EPA post-doc (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051). Sampling data were also provided by Stephan Gollasch to assist in identifying the range of organism concentrations found in sampled ballast water. This publication was subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division of the EPA, and the Western Fisheries Research Center of USGS, and is approved for publication. However, approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the U.S. EPA. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800005 PM 23634584 ER PT J AU Frazier, M Miller, AW Lee, H Reusser, DA AF Frazier, Melanie Miller, A. Whitman Lee, Henry, II Reusser, Deborah A. TI Counting at low concentrations: the statistical challenges of verifying ballast water discharge standards SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ballast water discharge; Clean Water Act; IMO; invasive species; NIS; performance standards; Poisson distribution ID INTRODUCTIONS AB Discharge from the ballast tanks of ships is one of the primary vectors of nonindigenous species in marine environments. To mitigate this environmental and economic threat, international, national, and state entities are establishing regulations to limit the concentration of living organisms that may be discharged from the ballast tanks of ships. The proposed discharge standards have ranged from zero detectable organisms to <10 organisms/m(3). If standard sampling methods are used, verifying whether ballast discharge complies with these stringent standards will be challenging due to the inherent stochasticity of sampling. Furthermore, at low concentrations, very large volumes of water must be sampled to find enough organisms to accurately estimate concentration. Despite these challenges, adequate sampling protocols comprise a critical aspect of establishing standards because they help define the actual risk level associated with a standard. A standard that appears very stringent may be effectively lax if it is paired with an inadequate sampling protocol. We describe some of the statistical issues associated with sampling at low concentrations to help regulators understand the uncertainties of sampling as well as to inform the development of sampling protocols that ensure discharge standards are adequately implemented. C1 [Frazier, Melanie; Lee, Henry, II] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Reusser, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Frazier, M (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 2111 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM frazier.melanie@epa.gov OI Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU U.S. EPA [AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051]; U.S. EPA (NHEERL) FX Funding was from U.S. EPA post-docs to M. Frazier (AMI/GEOSS EP08D00051 and NHEERL). We thank Karen Blocksom, Valerie Partridge, John Van Sickle, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and discussion that helped shape this paper. We also thank Ryan Albert, Richard Everett, John Lishman, Robert J. Ozretich, Gregory Ruiz, and Jody Stecher for their valuable comments, error discovery, and general editing. This document has been reviewed in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800007 PM 23634586 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Lowe, WH Honeycutt, RK Parks, SA Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Lowe, Winsor H. Honeycutt, R. Ken Parks, Sean A. Corn, Paul Stephen TI Interactive effects of wildfire, forest management, and isolation on amphibian and parasite abundance SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian decline; burn severity; disturbance; fragmentation; global climate change; isolation; nematode; protected areas; Rana luteiventris; synergistic effects; transmission ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; PINE FORESTS; SHORT-TERM; LAND-USE; POPULATION; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB Projected increases in wildfire and other climate-driven disturbances will affect populations and communities worldwide, including host-parasite relationships. Research in temperate forests has shown that wildfire can negatively affect amphibians, but this research has occurred primarily outside of managed landscapes where interactions with human disturbances could result in additive or synergistic effects. Furthermore, parasites represent a large component of biodiversity and can affect host fitness and population dynamics, yet they are rarely included in studies of how vertebrate hosts respond to disturbance. To determine how wildfire affects amphibians and their parasites, and whether effects differ between protected and managed landscapes, we compared abundance of two amphibians and two nematodes relative to wildfire extent and severity around wetlands in neighboring protected and managed forests (Montana, USA). Population sizes of adult, male long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) decreased with increased burn severity, with stronger negative effects on isolated populations and in managed forests. In contrast, breeding population sizes of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) increased with burn extent in both protected and managed protected forests. Path analysis showed that the effects of wildfire on the two species of nematodes were consistent with differences in their life history and transmission strategies and the responses of their hosts. Burn severity indirectly reduced abundance of soil-transmitted Cosmocercoides variabilis through reductions in salamander abundance. Burn severity also directly reduced C. variabilis abundance, possibly though changes in soil conditions. For the aquatically transmitted nematode Gyrinicola batrachiensis, the positive effect of burn extent on density of Columbia spotted frog larvae indirectly increased parasite abundance. Our results show that effects of wildfire on amphibians depend upon burn extent and severity, isolation, and prior land use. Through subsequent effects on the parasites, our results also reveal how changes in disturbance regimes can affect communities across trophic levels. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Honeycutt, R. Ken] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 East Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank N. Muhn and P. Scarr for their dedicated field efforts. We also thank J. Bettaso for help with necropsies, J. M. Kinsella for identifying nematodes, L. Swartz for her careful work in the lab, and R. Scherer for advice on capture-recapture modeling. Reviews by P. Johnson, P. Trenham, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research was performed under the University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit no. 063-09WLDBS-010510. Funding was provided by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This manuscript is ARMI contribution no. 414. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 479 EP 492 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111ZC UT WOS:000316559800017 PM 23634596 ER PT J AU Silver, EJ D'Amato, AW Fraver, S Palik, BJ Bradford, JB AF Silver, Emily J. D'Amato, Anthony W. Fraver, Shawn Palik, Brian J. Bradford, John B. TI Structure and development of old-growth, unmanaged second-growth, and extended rotation Pinus resinosa forests in Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Extended rotation forestry; Forest structure; Old growth; Pinus resinosa; Tree size distributions ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; TREE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; WESTERN OREGON; DEAD WOOD; STAND STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS AB The structure and developmental dynamics of old-growth forests often serve as important baselines for restoration prescriptions aimed at promoting more complex structural conditions in managed forest landscapes. Nonetheless, long-term information on natural patterns of development is rare for many commercially important and ecologically widespread forest types. Moreover, the effectiveness of approaches recommended for restoring old-growth structural conditions to managed forests, such as the application of extended rotation forestry, has been little studied. This study uses several long-term datasets from old growth, extended rotation, and unmanaged second growth Pinus resinosa (red pine) forests in northern Minnesota, USA, to quantify the range of variation in structural conditions for this forest type and to evaluate the effectiveness of extended rotation forestry at promoting the development of late-successional structural conditions. Long-term tree population data from permanent plots for one of the old-growth stands and the extended rotation stands (87 and 61 years, respectively) also allowed for an examination of the long-term structural dynamics of these systems. Old-growth forests were more structurally complex than unmanaged second-growth and extended rotation red pine stands, due in large part to the significantly higher volumes of coarse woody debris (70.7 vs. 11.5 and 4.7 m(3)/ha, respectively) and higher snag basal area (6.9 vs. 2.9 and 0.5 m(2)/ha, respectively). In addition, old-growth forests, although red pine-dominated, contained a greater abundance of other species, including Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, and Picea glauca relative to the other stand types examined. These differences between stand types largely reflect historic gap-scale disturbances within the old-growth systems and their corresponding structural and compositional legacies. Nonetheless, extended rotation thinning treatments, by accelerating advancement to larger tree diameter classes, generated diameter distributions more closely approximating those found in old growth within a shorter time frame than depicted in long-term examinations of old-growth structural development. These results suggest that extended rotation treatments may accelerate the development of old-growth structural characteristics, provided that coarse woody debris and snags are deliberately retained and created on site. These and other developmental characteristics of old-growth systems can inform forest management when objectives include the restoration of structural conditions found in late-successional forests. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Silver, Emily J.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fraver, Shawn; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Silver, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM silve314@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu; sfraver@fs.fed.us; bpalik@fs.fed.us; jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU (US) National Fire Plan; US Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship FX We would like to thank R. Blanchette, M. Fulton, C. Gronewold, and R. Marty for assistance with various aspects of the study, and we thank T. Aakala, A. Berger, M. Curzon, J. Foster, A. Huff, A. Milo, and L. Reuling for assistance in the field and D. Kastendick, J. Kragethorpe, S. Mann, and K. Budrow for the chronosequence data collection. This study would not have been possible without the foresight of John H. Allison, P. Zehngraff, Z. Zasada, R. Buckman, J. Benzie, J. Zasada, R. Barse, and J. Elioff. Support was provided by the (US) National Fire Plan, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station, and a University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship (to E.S.). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.033 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500011 ER PT J AU Polo, JA Hallgren, SW Leslie, DM AF Polo, John A. Hallgren, Stephen W. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Effect of long-term understory prescribed burning on standing and down dead woody material in dry upland oak forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Fine woody debris; Snags; Quercus stellata; Quercus marilandica ID CARBON STOCKS; UNITED-STATES; OLD-GROWTH; HARDWOOD FORESTS; FIRE BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN OHIO; CROSS TIMBERS; OKLAHOMA; DEBRIS; DYNAMICS AB Dead woody material, long ignored or viewed as a nuisance for forest management, has gained appreciation for its many roles in the forest including wildlife habitat, nutrient storage and cycling, energy for trophic webs, protection of soil, fuel for fire and carbon storage. The growing interest in managing dead woody material has created strong demand for greater understanding of factors controlling amounts and turnover. Prescribed burning, an important management tool, may have strong effects of dead woody material given fire's capacity to create and consume dead woody material. We determined effects of long-term understory prescribed burning on standing and down woody material in upland oak forests in south-central North America. We hypothesized that as frequency of fire increased in these stands the amount of deadwood would decrease and the fine woody material would decrease more rapidly than coarse woody material. The study was conducted in forests dominated by post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) in wildlife management areas where understory prescribed burning had been practiced for over 20 years and the range of burn frequencies was 0 (unburned) fires per decade (FPD) to 4.6 FPD. The amount of deadwood was low compared with more productive forests in southeastern North America. The biomass (24.7 Mg ha(-1)) and carbon stocks (11.7 Mg ha(-1)) were distributed among standing dead (22%), coarse woody debris (CWD, dia. >7.5 cm., 12%), fine woody debris (FWD, dia. <= 7.5 cm., 23%), and forest floor (43%). There was no evidence that understory prescribed burning influenced the amount and size distribution of standing and down dead woody material. There were two explanations for the lack of a detectable effect. First, a high incidence of severe weather including ice storms and strong winds that produce large amounts of deadwood intermittently in an irregular pattern across the landscape may preclude detecting a strong effect of understory prescribed burning. Second, fire suppression during the first one-half of the 20th Century may have led to encroachment of woody plants into forest gaps and savannas creating a patchwork of young and old stands that produced deadwood of different sizes and at different rates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polo, John A.; Hallgren, Stephen W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hallgren, SW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM steve.hallgren@okstate.edu RI Hallgren, Stephen/A-2131-2013 FU Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [W-160-R]; Oklahoma State University FX Elizabeth Nguyen and Rodolfo Mota made it possible to finish the field work in a timely fashion. This project was funded by the Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act under Project W-160-R of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University. The project was administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.048 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500013 ER PT J AU Klockow, PA D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB AF Klockow, Paul A. D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. TI Impacts of post-harvest slash and live-tree retention on biomass and nutrient stocks in Populus tremuloides Michx.-dominated forests, northern Minnesota, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fine woody debris; Biomass harvesting; Populus tremuloides; Green-tree retention; Nutrient stocks; Coarse woody debris ID WHOLE-TREE; VARIABLE-RETENTION; LOGGING RESIDUE; WOODY DEBRIS; SOIL CARBON; CLEAR-CUTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VARYING LEVELS; SPRUCE STANDS; UNITED-STATES AB Globally, there is widespread interest in using forest-derived biomass as a source of bioenergy. While conventional timber harvesting generally removes only merchantable tree boles, harvesting biomass feedstock can remove all forms of woody biomass (i.e., live and dead standing woody vegetation, downed woody debris, and stumps) resulting in a greater loss of biomass and nutrients as well as more severe habitat alteration. To investigate the potential impacts of this practice, this study examined the initial impacts (pre- and post-harvest) of various levels of slash and live-tree retention on biomass and nutrient stocks, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P), in Populus tremuloides Michx.-dominated forests of northern Minnesota, USA. Treatments examined included three levels of slash retention, whole-tree harvest (WTH), 20% slash retention (20SR), and stem-only harvest (SOH), factored with three levels of green-tree retention, no trees retained (NONE), dispersed retention (DISP), and aggregate retention (AGR). Slash retention was the primary factor affecting post-harvest biomass and nutrient stocks, including woody debris pools. Compared to the unharvested control, stocks of biomass, carbon, and nutrients, including N, Ca, K, and P, in woody debris were higher in all treatments. Stem-only harvests typically contained greater biomass and nutrient stocks than WTH, although biomass and nutrients within 20SR, a level recommended by biomass harvesting guidelines in the US and worldwide, generally did not differ from WTH or SOH. Biomass in smaller-diameter slash material (typically 2.5-22.5 cm in diameter) dominated the woody debris pool following harvest regardless of slash retention level. Trends among treatments in this diameter range were generally similar to those in the total woody debris pool. Specifically, SOH contained significantly greater amounts of biomass than WTH while 20SR was not different from either WTH or SOH. Within P. tremuloides systems, we observed high stocks of smaller diameter slash material for all prescribed slash retention treatments. Most notably, WTH retains much more material than anticipated, up to 50% of available slash. These results reflect the high levels of breakage during winter harvest operations in these stands and, consequently, warrant consideration when anticipating the impacts of biomass harvesting on woody debris pools. Further investigation is necessary to understand how deliberate slash retention levels and season-of-harvest impact woody debris in other forest systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klockow, Paul A.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Klockow, PA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave North, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM klock039@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council FX We would like to thank Josh Kragthorpe for his help coordinating field activities. We appreciate the help of John Thompson in locating and marking site boundaries and retention trees. Also, we thank Shawn Fraver and Rob Slesak for providing statistical advice. Finally, we are grateful to the Minnesota Forest Resources Council for providing monetary support for this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 291 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 115QR UT WOS:000316827500029 ER PT J AU Hunter, ME Hart, KM AF Hunter, Margaret E. Hart, Kristen M. TI Rapid Microsatellite Marker Development Using Next Generation Pyrosequencing to Inform Invasive Burmese Python-Python molurus bivittatus-Management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE invasive species; exotic species; next generation sequencing; microsatellite marker; Everglades National Park; Roche 454; cross-species amplification ID DISCOVERY; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS; THOUSANDS; SEQUENCE; PRIMERS; PROGRAM; LOCI AB Invasive species represent an increasing threat to native ecosystems, harming indigenous taxa through predation, habitat modification, cross-species hybridization and alteration of ecosystem processes. Additionally, high economic costs are associated with environmental damage, restoration and control measures. The Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus, is one of the most notable invasive species in the US, due to the threat it poses to imperiled species and the Greater Everglades ecosystem. To address population structure and relatedness, next generation sequencing was used to rapidly produce species-specific microsatellite loci. The Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium platform provided 6616 di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats in 117,516 sequences. Using stringent criteria, 24 of 26 selected tri- and tetra-nucleotide loci were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and 18 were polymorphic. An additional six cross-species loci were amplified, and the resulting 24 loci were incorporated into eight PCR multiplexes. Multi-locus genotypes yielded an average of 61% (39%-77%) heterozygosity and 3.7 (2-6) alleles per locus. Population-level studies using the developed microsatellites will track the invasion front and monitor population-suppression dynamics. Additionally, cross-species amplification was detected in the invasive Ball, P. regius, and Northern African python, P. sebae. These markers can be used to address the hybridization potential of Burmese pythons and the larger, more aggressive P. sebae. C1 [Hunter, Margaret E.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Hunter, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mhunter@usgs.gov; kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Studies program FX The authors are grateful to Barbie Freeman and Timothy Collins for providing assistance, data and Morelia spilota primers. We would like to thank Skip Snow (National Park Service) for sample collection and P.m. bivittatus expertise. Additionally, we would like to express gratitude to Jonathan Saunders (USGS) and John Butterfield (USGS) for assistance with laboratory analyses and primer development. The authors would also like to thank Kenneth Krysko (University of Florida) and the Florida Museum of Natural History for the P. sebae samples and Rob Robins (University of Florida) and Mary Brown (USGS) for the P. regius samples. Funding was provided by the National Park Service and the USGS Priority Ecosystem Studies program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 62 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 3 BP 4793 EP 4804 DI 10.3390/ijms14034793 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 112RH UT WOS:000316609800026 PM 23449030 ER PT J AU Chulick, GS Detweiler, S Mooney, WD AF Chulick, Gary S. Detweiler, Shane Mooney, Walter D. TI Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of South America and surrounding oceanic basins SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Crustal structure; Seismic velocity; South America ID SURFACE-WAVE DISPERSION; RECEIVER FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; S-VELOCITY STRUCTURE; PAMPEAN FLAT-SLAB; CENTRAL ANDES; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CENTRAL BRAZIL; CENTRAL PERU; NAZCA PLATE; BENEATH AB We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of South America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include new data, helping to constrain crustal thickness, whole-crustal average P-wave and S-wave velocity, and the seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle (P-n and S-n). We find that: (1) The weighted average thickness of the crust under South America is 38.17 km (standard deviation, s.d. +/- 8.7 km), which is similar to 1 km thinner than the global average of 39.2 km (s.d. +/- 8.5 km) for continental crust. (2) Histograms of whole-crustal P-wave velocities for the South American crust are bi-modal, with the lower peak occurring for crust that appears to be missing a high-velocity (6.9-7.3 km/s) lower crustal layer. (3) The average P-wave velocity of the crystalline crust (P-cc) is 6.47 km/s (s.d. +/- 0.25 km/s). This is essentially identical to the global average of 6.45 km/s. (4) The average P-n velocity beneath South America is 8.00 km/s (s.d. +/- 0.23 km/s), slightly lower than the global average of 8.07 km/s. (5) A region across northern Chile and northeast Argentina has anomalously low P- and S-wave velocities in the crust. Geographically, this corresponds to the shallowly-subducted portion of the Nazca plate (the Pampean flat slab first described by Isacks et al., 1968), which is also a region of crustal extension. (6) The thick crust of the Brazilian craton appears to extend into Venezuela and Colombia. (7) The crust in the Amazon basin and along the western edge of the Brazilian craton may be thinned by extension. (8) The average crustal P-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than under the western Atlantic seafloor, most likely due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chulick, Gary S.] Mt Aloysius Coll, Cresson, PA 16630 USA. [Detweiler, Shane; Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Detweiler, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shane@usgs.gov FU National Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS FX Support for this study by the National Earthquake Hazards Program of the USGS is gratefully acknowledged. Reviews by Mark Goldman, Christian Guillemot, Pat McCrory, Jesse Kass, Leah Campbell, and two anonymous reviewers from the journal were extremely insightful and useful. Additional thanks are due to Neil Fenning and Alex Ferguson for help with data compilation and figure editing. NR 94 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 BP 260 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.06.002 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101GL UT WOS:000315763100022 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Hooten, Mevin B. TI Circuit Theory and Model-Based Inference for Landscape Connectivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Conditional autoregressive models; Gene flow; Landscape genetics; Nonstationary spatial covariance ID MARKOV RANDOM-FIELDS; GENE FLOW; RESISTANCE-DISTANCE; POPULATION-GENETICS; GRAPH; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; SELECTION; MOVEMENT AB Circuit theory has seen extensive recent use in the field of ecology, where it is often applied to study functional connectivity. The landscape is typically represented by a network of nodes and resistors, with the resistance between nodes a function of landscape characteristics. The effective distance between two locations on a landscape is represented by the resistance distance between the nodes in the network. Circuit theory has been applied to many other scientific fields for exploratory analyses, but parametric models for circuits are not common in the scientific literature. To model circuits explicitly, we demonstrate a link between Gaussian Markov random fields and contemporary circuit theory using a covariance structure that induces the necessary resistance distance. This provides a parametric model for second-order observations from such a system. In the landscape ecology setting, the proposed model provides a simple framework where inference can be obtained for effects that landscape features have on functional connectivity. We illustrate the approach through a landscape genetics study linking gene flow in alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) to the underlying landscape. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Assistant Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 66 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 108 IS 501 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1080/01621459.2012.724647 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 113EB UT WOS:000316648200003 ER PT J AU Eldridge, SLC Wood, TM Echols, KR Topping, BR AF Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell Wood, Tamara M. Echols, Kathy R. Topping, Brent R. TI Microcystins, nutrient dynamics, and other environmental factors during blooms of non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2009 SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; microcystins; Microcystis aeruginosa; phosphorus; Upper Klamath Lake ID HYPEREUTROPHIC LAKE; WATER-QUALITY; 1ST REPORT; CYANOBACTERIA; SHALLOW; SEDIMENTS; LR; USA; POPULATIONS; PHOSPHORUS AB Seasonal phytoplankton blooms dominated by cyanobacteria in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, produce toxic microcystins at concentrations that may be detrimental to local wildlife. In 2009, water column, sediment trap, and surficial sediment samples were collected to relate the occurrences of microcystins in these samples to other environmental variables. Microcystin concentrations in sediment trap and surficial sediment samples were lower than in water column samples, and sediment trap samples contained higher concentrations than surficial sediment samples, with a peak in one sample (1107g/g) that exceeded the maximum concentration measured in any other water or sediment sample from this area. Concentrations of microcystins and cells of Microcystis aeruginosa increased following the decline of the first bloom dominated by non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to an increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Results of this study also show that nitrogen fixation by A. flos-aquae during spring and early summer provided nitrogen for growth of toxigenic M. aeruginosa and that phosphorus availability may have played a greater role overall in determining the pattern of microcystin occurrence in the lake, given the apparent influence of phosphorus on growth and decline of the A. flos-aquae bloom. This study is the first report of microcystins in sediments of Upper Klamath Lake, the largest lake (by surface area) in Oregon, and contributes to understanding the conditions under which elevated microcystin concentrations occur. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Lake and Reservoir Management for the following free supplemental resources: microscope images of major phytoplankton species, microcystin concentrations in surficial sediment samples from randomly selected sites, loadings of the first 2 principal components from PCA analysis of microcystin and water quality data, and the medians and ranges of measured limnological variables.] C1 [Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell] US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. [Wood, Tamara M.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Echols, Kathy R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Topping, Brent R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Eldridge, SLC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2795 Anderson Ave Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM seldridge@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), US Department of Interior; USGS; [05AA204049] FX This work was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), US Department of Interior, as part of Reclamation's mission to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Funding was provided through Interagency Agreement 05AA204049. The views in this report are the authors' and do not necessarily represent the views of Reclamation. Additional funding was provided by the USGS. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.775199 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 116VC UT WOS:000316910100007 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Meals, KO AF Miranda, L. E. Meals, K. O. TI Water levels shape fishing participation in flood-control reservoirs SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE catch rate; fishability; fishing effort; flood-control reservoir; water levels ID RECREATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; MODEL AB We examined the relationship between fishing effort (hours fished) and average MarchMay water level in 3 flood control reservoirs in Mississippi. Fishing effort increased as water level rose, peaked at intermediate water levels, and decreased at high water levels. We suggest that the observed arched-shaped relationship is driven by the shifting influence of fishability (adequacy of the fishing circumstances from an angler's perspective) and catch rate along a water level continuum. Fishability reduces fishing effort during low water, despite the potential for higher catch rates. Conversely, reduced catch rates and fishability at high water also curtail effort. Thus, both high and low water levels seem to discourage fishing effort, whereas anglers seem to favor intermediate water levels. Our results have implications for water level management in reservoirs with large water level fluctuations. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Meals, K. O.] Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.775200 PG 5 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 116VC UT WOS:000316910100008 ER PT J AU Lorch, JM Lindner, DL Gargas, A Muller, LK Minnis, AM Blehert, DS AF Lorch, Jeffrey M. Lindner, Daniel L. Gargas, Andrea Muller, Laura K. Minnis, Andrew M. Blehert, David S. TI A culture-based survey of fungi in soil from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States and its implications for detection of Geomyces destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bat; Geomyces; skin infection; white-nose syndrome; wildlife disease ID SP-NOV; PHYLOGENY; PATHOGEN; NUCLEAR; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; ANAMORPHS; SEQUENCES AB The recent emergence of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease causing unprecedented mortality among hibernating bats of eastern North America, has revealed a knowledge gap regarding fungal communities associated with bats and their hibernacula. We used culture-based techniques to investigate the diversity of fungi in soil samples collected from 24 bat hibernacula in the eastern United States. Ribosomal RNA regions (internal transcribed spacer and partial intergenic spacer) were sequenced to preliminarily characterize isolates. Geomyces species were one of the most abundant and diverse groups cultured, representing approximately 33% of all isolates. Geomyces destructans was isolated from soil samples from three hibernacula in states where WNS is known to occur, and many of the other cultured Geomyces isolates likely represent undescribed taxa. Further characterization of the diversity of fungi that occur in hibernacula both will facilitate an improved understanding of the ecology of G. destructans within this complex fungal community and provide an opportunity to identify characteristics that differentiate G. destructans from non-pathogenic relatives. C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.; Minnis, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Muller, Laura K.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; National Speleological Society; US Forest Service FX The authors thank Peter Youngbaer (NSS), Mike Warner (Speleobooks Inc.), and Alan Hicks (NY DEC) for their assistance in coordinating collection of samples and the many individuals who volunteered to collect samples for this project. Financial support was provided to DSB by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Geological Survey and the National Speleological Society and to DLL by the US Forest Service and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 65 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 2 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.3852/12-207 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 119HM UT WOS:000317088400001 PM 23074174 ER PT J AU Muller, LK Lorch, JM Lindner, DL O'Connor, M Gargas, A Blehert, DS AF Muller, Laura K. Lorch, Jeffrey M. Lindner, Daniel L. O'Connor, Michael Gargas, Andrea Blehert, David S. TI Bat white-nose syndrome: a real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction test targeting the intergenic spacer region of Geomyces destructans SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE diagnostic test; IGS; pathogen; PCR; wildlife disease ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; RIBOSOMAL-DNA; SEQUENCES; INFECTION AB The fungus Geomyces destructans is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease that has killed millions of North American hibernating bats. We describe a real-time TaqMan PCR test that detects DNA from G. destructans by targeting a portion of the multicopy intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene complex. The test is highly sensitive, consistently detecting as little as 3.3 fg genomic DNA from G. destructans. The real-time PCR test specifically amplified genomic DNA from G. destructans but did not amplify target sequence from 54 closely related fungal isolates (including 43 Geomyces spp. isolates) associated with bats. The test was qualified further by analyzing DNA extracted from 91 bat wing skin samples, and PCR results matched histopathology findings. These data indicate the real-time TaqMan PCR method described herein is a sensitive, specific and rapid test to detect DNA from G. destructans and provides a valuable tool for WNS diagnostics and research. C1 [Muller, Laura K.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Med Sci Ctr, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindner, Daniel L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [O'Connor, Michael] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016; OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service FX We thank A. Minnis (U.S. Forest Service) for assistance with phylogenetic analyses. We acknowledge technical assistance provided by B. Berlowski-Zier (U.S. Geological Survey) and M. Banik (U.S. Forest Service). D.S.B. was financially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and D.L.L. by the U.S. Forest Service. Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 35 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 105 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.3852/12-242 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 119HM UT WOS:000317088400002 PM 22962349 ER PT J AU Sands, JP Schnupp, MJ Teinert, TW DeMaso, SJ Hernandez, F Brennan, LA Rollins, D Perez, RM AF Sands, Joseph P. Schnupp, Matthew J. Teinert, Trent W. DeMaso, Stephen J. Hernandez, Fidel Brennan, Leonard A. Rollins, Dale Perez, Robert M. TI Tests of an additive harvest mortality model for northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus harvest management in Texas, USA SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive harvest mortality model; Colinus virginianus; harvest; hunting; northern bobwhite; sustained-yield harvest; Texas ID POPULATION RESPONSES; EXPLOITATION; ABUNDANCE; RANGELAND; SURVIVAL; MARK AB We evaluated the application of using an additive harvest mortality model (AHMM) as a harvest management strategy for northern bobwhites Colinus virginianus during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 hunting seasons in two ecoregions of Texas: the Rolling Plains (RP) and the South Texas Plains (STP). We collected field data on three study sites/ecoregion (of 4001,900 ha each; two treatment and one control) to estimate four demographic parameters (i.e. fall and spring density, overwinter survival in the absence of hunting and harvest rate). We used these data to parameterize an AHMM (a theoretical component of sustained-yield harvest; SYH) for bobwhites and compare model-based predictions of spring bobwhite populations with field estimates. Our goal was to compare predictions from the AHMM to field estimates of spring density based on known rates of harvest. Compared to field estimates, the AHMM consistently underestimated spring population density (mean % +/- SE) by 55.7 +/- 17.8% (2007/08) and 34.1 +/- 4.9% (2008/09) in the RP and by 26.4 +/- 25.3% (2007/08) and 49.1 +/- 2.1% (2008/09) in the STP. Prescribing a fall bobwhite harvest to achieve a specific, target spring density may be difficult given the wide variation in the model parameters (i.e. fall and spring density, and natural mortality) that we observed. C1 [Sands, Joseph P.; Schnupp, Matthew J.; Teinert, Trent W.; DeMaso, Stephen J.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Rollins, Dale] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLIFE Res, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. [Perez, Robert M.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, La Vernia, TX 78121 USA. RP Sands, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM joseph_sands@fws.gov; mschnupp@king-ranch.com; trent.teinert@tpwd.state.tx.us; steve_demaso@fws.gov; fidel.hernandez@tamuk.edu; leonard.brennan@tamuk.edu; d-rollins@tamu.edu; robert.perez@tpwd.state.tx.us FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Texas State Council and South Texas Chapter of Quail Unlimited; South Texas Quail Research Project; South Texas Quail Associates Program; Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch FX we thank the landowners and lease managers who allowed access to their properties and provided harvest data during this project. B.M. Ballard, D.G. Hewitt, C.J. Parent, A.N. Tri, D. Williford and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project benefited from assistance in the field by K. Blair, C. Derbez, N. Gruber and T. Muckleroy. Funding and logistical support was provided by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Texas State Council and South Texas Chapter of Quail Unlimited, South Texas Quail Research Project, South Texas Quail Associates Program and Rolling Plains Quail Research Ranch. This is publication number 10-128 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.2981/11-054 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400002 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Jacques, CN Klaver, RW DePerno, CS Lehman, CP Brinkman, TJ Robling, KA Rupp, SP Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Jacques, Christopher N. Klaver, Robert W. DePerno, Christopher S. Lehman, Chad P. Brinkman, Todd J. Robling, Kevin A. Rupp, Susan P. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Effects of plant phenology and vertical height on accuracy of radiotelemetry locations SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accuracy; error angle; height; location error; precision; radio-telemetry; vegetation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; HABITAT SELECTION; TRIANGULATION ERROR; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; BIAS; FAWNS; CONSERVATION AB The use of very high frequency (VHF) radio-telemetry remains wide-spread in studies of wildlife ecology and management. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of vegetative obstruction on accuracy in differing habitats with varying transmitter types and heights. Using adult and fawn collars at varying heights above the ground (0, 33, 66 and 100 cm) to simulate activities (bedded, feeding and standing) and ages (neonate, juvenile and adult) of deer Odocoileus spp., we collected 5,767 bearings and estimated 1,424 locations (28-30 for each of 48 subsamples) in three habitat types (basture, grassland and forest), during two stages of vegetative growth (spring and late summer). Bearing error was approximately twice as large at a distance of 900 m for fawn (9.9 degrees) than for adult deer collars (4.9 degrees). Of 12 models developed to explain the variation in location error, the analysis of covariance model (HT*D + C*D + HT*TBA + C*TBA) containing interactions of height of collar above ground (HT), collar type (C), vertical height of understory vegetation (D) and tree basal area (TBA) was the best model (w(i) = 0.92) and explained similar to 71% of the variation in location error. Location error was greater for both collar types at 0 and 33 cm above the ground compared to 66 and 100 cm above the ground; however, location error was less for adult than fawn collars. Vegetation metrics influenced location error, which increased with greater vertical height of understory vegetation and tree basal area. Further, interaction of vegetation metrics and categorical variables indicated significant effects on location error. Our results indicate that researchers need to consider study objectives, life history of the study animal, signal strength of collar (collar type), distance from transmitter to receiver, topographical changes in elevation, habitat composition and season when designing telemetry protocols. Bearing distances in forested habitat should be decreased (approximately 23% in our study) compared to bearing distances in open habitat to maintain a consistent bearing error across habitats. Additionally, we believe that field biologists monitoring neonate ungulates for habitat selection should rely on visual locations rather than using VHF-collars and triangulation. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Robling, Kevin A.; Rupp, Susan P.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [DePerno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lehman, Chad P.] Custer State Pk, South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Custer, SD 57730 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu; cn-jacques@wiu.edu; bklaver@iastate.edu; chris_deperno@ncsu.edu; chad.lehman@state.sd.us; tjbrinkman@alaska.edu; kevin.robling@sdstate.edu; susan.rupp@sdstate.edu; jonathan.jenks@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [7530]; Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University; Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund FX our study was funded by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, No. 7530), administered through South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Natural Resource Management (formerly Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences) at South Dakota State University and the Joseph F. Nelson Scholarship Fund. We thank G. Dixon for field assistance during our study. We thank G.C. White and K.L. Monteith, who provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our manuscript. We thank G. White and the Agricultural and Biological Research Statistical Consulting Group at Iowa State University for assistance with statistical analysis. We thank S. Nakagawa, who provided the rptR package for Program R. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. References NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.2981/11-044 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400004 ER PT J AU Powell, JH Kalinowski, ST Higgs, MD Ebinger, MR Vu, NV Cross, PC AF Powell, John H. Kalinowski, Steven T. Higgs, Megan D. Ebinger, Michael R. Vu, Ninh V. Cross, Paul C. TI Microsatellites indicate minimal barriers to mule deer Odocoileus hemionus dispersal. across Montana, USA SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; hybridization; isolation by distance; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-MARKERS; TAILED DEER; INFERENCE; PROGRAM; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB To better understand the future. spread of chronic wasting disease, we conducted a genetic assessment of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus population structure across the state of Montana, USA. Individual based analyses were used to test for population structure in the absence of a priori designations of population membership across the sampling area. Samples from the states of Wyoming, Colorado and Utah were also included in the analysis to provide a geographic context to the levels of population structure observed within Montana. Results showed that mule deer across our entire study region were characterized by weak isolation by distance and a lack of spatial autocorrelation at distances > 10 km. We found evidence for contemporary male bias in dispersal, with female mule deer exhibiting higher mean individual pairwise genetic distance than males. We tested for potential homogenizing effects of past translocations within Montana, but were unable to detect a genetic signature of these events. Our results indicate high levels of connectivity among mule deer populations in Montana and suggest few, if any, detectable barriers to mule deer gene flow or chronic wasting disease transmission. C1 [Powell, John H.; Kalinowski, Steven T.; Vu, Ninh V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ebinger, Michael R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Powell, JH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM john.powell8@msu.montana.edu; skalinowski@montana.edu; higgs@math.montana.edu; Mrebinger@hotmail.com; ninh.v.vu@gmail.com; pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease [DEB-1067129]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1049562]; National Science Foundation [DEB-000717456] FX major funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and a National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-1067129. J. Powell was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1049562. Additional funding was provided by the National Science Foundation to S. Kalinowski under Grant No. DEB-000717456. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Samples provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks were paid for by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses in Montana and Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration matching grants. We thank S. Amish, T. Andrews, J. Gude and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.2981/11-081 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115RU UT WOS:000316830400011 ER PT J AU Howe, PD Yarnal, B Coletti, A Wood, NJ AF Howe, Peter D. Yarnal, Brent Coletti, Alex Wood, Nathan J. TI The Participatory Vulnerability Scoping Diagram: Deliberative Risk Ranking for Community Water Systems SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE community water systems; natural hazards; risk perception; vulnerability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGERS; PERCEPTIONS; ADAPTATION; STRESSORS; FLORIDA; VIEWS AB Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system. C1 [Howe, Peter D.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. [Howe, Peter D.; Yarnal, Brent] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Coletti, Alex] SM Resources Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Howe, PD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. EM peter.howe@yale.edu; alibar@psu.edu; acoletti@smrcusa.com; nwood@usgs.gov RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014; OI Coletti, Alex/0000-0002-6263-1831 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 2 SI SI BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1080/00045608.2013.754673 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 096DC UT WOS:000315383200011 ER PT J AU Burris, L Skagen, SK AF Burris, Lucy Skagen, Susan K. TI Modeling sediment accumulation in North American playa wetlands in response to climate change, 1940-2100 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; OGALLALA AQUIFER; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; USA AB Playa wetlands on the west-central Great Plains of North America are vulnerable to sediment infilling from upland agriculture, putting at risk several important ecosystem services as well as essential habitats and food resources of diverse wetland-dependent biota. Climate predictions for this semi-arid area indicate reduced precipitation which may alter rates of erosion, runoff, and sedimentation of playas. We forecasted erosion rates, sediment depths, and resultant playa wetland depths across the west-central Great Plains and examined the relative roles of land use context and projected changes in precipitation in the sedimentation process. We estimated erosion with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) using historic values and downscaled precipitation predictions from three general circulation models and three emissions scenarios. We calibrated RUSLE results using field sediment measurements. RUSLE is appealing for regional scale modeling because it uses climate forecasts with monthly resolution and other widely available values including soil texture, slope and land use. Sediment accumulation rates will continue near historic levels through 2070 and will be sufficient to cause most playas (if not already filled) to fill with sediment within the next 100 years in the absence of mitigation. Land use surrounding the playa, whether grassland or tilled cropland, is more influential in sediment accumulation than climate-driven precipitation change. C1 [Burris, Lucy; Skagen, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Burris, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM lburris@rams.colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative for research funding. Technical support was provided by Colorado State University, Department of Anthropology Geospatial Laboratory. Megan McLachlan and David Pavlacky provided playa information. Linda Joyce and David Coulson provided climate data. David Haukos, Gary Clow, Brian Cade, and Daniel Manier provided technical suggestions. Kevin Schauer processed GIS layers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2013 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0557-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106FP UT WOS:000316128700006 ER PT J AU Field, ME Chezar, H Storlazzi, CD AF Field, M. E. Chezar, H. Storlazzi, C. D. TI SedPods: a low-cost coral proxy for measuring net sedimentation SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Sedimentation; Corals; Particles; Reef health ID REEF; MOLOKAI; HAWAII AB Sediment derived from impaired watersheds is a major stressor to adjacent coral reefs globally. To better understand stresses generated by specific processes and events, many coral reef scientists seek to collect physical samples of settling particles and obtain reproducible information about net rates of sediment accumulation on coral reefs. Yet, the tools most commonly used to gather this information, sediment tube traps, only provide information on the gross accumulation of sediment at a site, in that all particles are effectively trapped within the container, unlike what a coral surface experiences. To address the need for an improved measurement of net particle accumulation on coral surfaces, we propose using recoverable sediment pods (SedPods) that can be constructed from readily available materials for under US $20. These devices are inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and allow for capture of particles over a given time span. The particles can then be used for laboratory analysis and accurate calculation of net accumulation rates on a coral surface proxy. In an experiment in Hanalei Bay, HI, we found that net sediment accumulation on rectangular SedPods was an order of magnitude less than gross accumulation in nearby conventional tube traps. C1 [Field, M. E.; Chezar, H.; Storlazzi, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Field, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mfield@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This is a contribution of the US Geological Survey's Pacific Coral Reef Project and was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank M. Bothner for insightful discussions, G. Piniak for thoughtful review comments, and J. B. Logan and S. A. Cochran for their assistance with field deployments and figure preparation, respectively. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0953-5 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TQ UT WOS:000316018600020 ER PT J AU Mumby, PJ Bejarano, S Golbuu, Y Steneck, RS Arnold, SN van Woesik, R Friedlander, AM AF Mumby, P. J. Bejarano, S. Golbuu, Y. Steneck, R. S. Arnold, S. N. van Woesik, R. Friedlander, A. M. TI Empirical relationships among resilience indicators on Micronesian reefs SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Resilience; Grazing; Juvenile corals; Algae; Micronesia; Herbivorous fish ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; ALGAL TURFS; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; MACROALGAL COVER; CTENOCHAETUS-STRIATUS; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM AB A process-orientated understanding of ecosystems usually starts with an exploratory analysis of empirical relationships among potential drivers and state variables. While relationships among herbivory, algal cover, and coral recruitment, have been explored in the Caribbean, the nature of such relationships in the Pacific appears to be variable or unclear. Here, we examine potential drivers structuring the benthos and herbivorous fish assemblages of outer-shelf reefs in Micronesia (Palau, Guam and Pohnpei). Surveys were stratified by wave exposure and protection from fishing. High biomass of most herbivores was favoured by high wave exposure. High abundance of large-bodied scarids was associated with low turf abundance, high coral cover, and marine reserves. The remaining herbivores were more abundant in reefs with low coral cover, possibly because space and hence food limitation occur in high-coral-cover reefs. Rugosity had no detectable effect on herbivorous fish abundance once differences in exposure and coral cover were accounted for. At identical depths, high wave exposure was associated with greater volumes (cover x canopy height) of macroalgae and algal turfs, which most likely resulted from high primary productivity driven by flow. In exposed areas, macroalgal cover declined as the acanthurid biomass increased. The volume of algal turfs was negatively associated with coral cover and herbivore biomass. In turn, high coral cover and herbivore biomass are likely to intensify grazing. The density of juvenile corals was variable where macroalgal cover was low but was confined to lower densities where macroalgal cover was high. High coral cover and density of juvenile corals were favoured in sheltered habitats. While a weak positive relationship was found between scarid biomass and juvenile coral density, we hypothesise that high scarid densities may hinder juvenile density through increased corallivory. New hypotheses emerged that will help clarify the role of acanthurids, wave exposure, and corallivory in driving the recovery of Pacific coral communities. C1 [Mumby, P. J.; Bejarano, S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Golbuu, Y.] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror, Palau. [Steneck, R. S.; Arnold, S. N.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [van Woesik, R.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mumby, PJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM p.j.mumby@uq.eud.au RI Bejarano, Sonia/S-7784-2016 OI Bejarano, Sonia/0000-0001-6451-6354 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research FX The study was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and a small grant from the World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research. NR 76 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 98 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0966-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TQ UT WOS:000316018600026 ER PT J AU Labiosa, WB Forney, WM Esnard, AM Mitsoya-Boneva, D Bernknopf, R Hearn, P Hogan, D Pearlstine, L Strong, D Gladwin, H Swain, E AF Labiosa, W. B. Forney, W. M. Esnard, A. -M. Mitsoya-Boneva, D. Bernknopf, R. Hearn, P. Hogan, D. Pearlstine, L. Strong, D. Gladwin, H. Swain, E. TI An integrated multi-criteria scenario evaluation web tool for participatory land-use planning in urbanized areas: The Ecosystem Portfolio Model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Land-use planning; Decision support; Sustainability; Sea level rise mitigation; Quality of life; Ecological value; Ecosystem restoration ID LANDSCAPE CHANGE; DECISION-MAKING; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; FLORIDA; DIMENSIONS; ECOLOGY AB Land-use land-cover change is one of the most important and direct drivers of changes in ecosystem functions and services. Given the complexity of the decision-making, there is a need for Internet-based decision support systems with scenario evaluation capabilities to help planners, resource managers and communities visualize, compare and consider trade-offs among the many values at stake in land use planning. This article presents details on an Ecosystem Portfolio Model (EPM) prototype that integrates ecological, socio-economic information and associated values of relevance to decision-makers and stakeholders. The EPM uses a multi-criteria scenario evaluation framework, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and spatially-explicit land-use/land-cover change-sensitive models to characterize changes in important land-cover related ecosystem values related to ecosystem services and functions, land parcel prices, and community quality-of-life (QoL) metrics. Parameters in the underlying models can be modified through the interface, allowing users in a facilitated group setting to explore simultaneously issues of scientific uncertainty and divergence in the preferences of stakeholders. One application of the South Florida EPM prototype reported in this article shows the modeled changes (which are significant) in aggregate ecological value, landscape patterns and fragmentation, biodiversity potential and ecological restoration potential for current land uses compared to the 2050 land-use scenario. Ongoing refinements to EPM, and future work especially in regard to modifiable sea level rise scenarios are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Labiosa, W. B.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Forney, W. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Esnard, A. -M.; Mitsoya-Boneva, D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Visual Planning Technol Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. [Bernknopf, R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hearn, P.; Hogan, D.; Strong, D.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pearlstine, L.] Everglades & Dry Tortugas Natl Parks, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Gladwin, H.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Swain, E.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Labiosa, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 909 1st Ave,Suite 420, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM blabiosa@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science Program; Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; U.S. Park Service's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative; Everglades and Biscayne National Parks; University of Florida - Ft. Lauderdale; Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania; Florida Atlantic University; Florida International University FX We wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science Program and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program and the U.S. Park Service's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative. Partners include the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks, the University of Florida - Ft. Lauderdale, the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, Florida Atlantic University, and Florida International University. We also wish to acknowledge the invaluable feedback and suggestions provided by the Editor and anonymous reviewers. NR 82 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 41 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.10.012 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104EL UT WOS:000315974500020 ER PT J AU Fienen, MN AF Fienen, Michael N. TI We Speak for the Data SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Fienen, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM mnfienen@usgs.gov RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 157 EP 157 DI 10.1111/gwat.12018 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100001 PM 23373871 ER PT J AU Virdi, ML Lee, TM Swancar, A Niswonger, RG AF Virdi, Makhan L. Lee, Terrie M. Swancar, Amy Niswonger, Richard G. TI Simulating the Effect of Climate Extremes on Groundwater Flow Through a Lakebed SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID KUMAR C. TWARAKAVI; EVALUATING INTERACTIONS; RICHARDS EQUATION; SEEPAGE LAKES; JIRKA SIMUNEK; SOPHIA SEO; LONG-TERM; WATER; FLORIDA; WISCONSIN AB Groundwater exchanges with lakes resulting from cyclical wet and dry climate extremes maintain lake levels in the environment in ways that are not well understood, in part because they remain difficult to simulate. To better understand the atypical groundwater interactions with lakes caused by climatic extremes, an original conceptual approach is introduced using MODFLOW-2005 and a kinematic-wave approximation to variably saturated flow that allows lake size and position in the basin to change while accurately representing the daily lake volume and three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow responses in the basin. Daily groundwater interactions are simulated for a calibrated lake basin in Florida over a decade that included historic wet and dry departures from the average rainfall. The divergent climate extremes subjected nearly 70% of the maximum lakebed area and 75% of the maximum shoreline perimeter to both groundwater inflow and lake leakage. About half of the lakebed area subject to flow reversals also went dry. A flow-through pattern present for 73% of the decade caused net leakage from the lake 80% of the time. Runoff from the saturated lake margin offset the groundwater deficit only about half of that time. A centripetal flow pattern present for 6% of the decade was important for maintaining the lake stage and generated 30% of all net groundwater inflow. Pumping effects superimposed on dry climate extremes induced the least frequent but most cautionary flow pattern with leakage from over 90% of the actual lakebed area. C1 [Virdi, Makhan L.] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lee, Terrie M.; Swancar, Amy] US Geol Survey, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Lee, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10500 Univ Ctr Dr,Suite 215, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM tmlee@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Florida Water Management District; U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX This study was jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The authors are thankful to Mark Ross at the Center for Modeling Hydrologic and Aquatic Systems, University of South Florida, for collaborating on this study. Support for the fourth author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. The authors are grateful to Joseph Hughes, USGS, Tampa, FL, for his comments on the data and modeling, and Mark Brenner, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, for his insightful comments and discussion on littoral zone limnology. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00969.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100010 PM 22891702 ER PT J AU Morway, ED Niswonger, RG Langevin, CD Bailey, RT Healy, RW AF Morway, Eric D. Niswonger, Richard G. Langevin, Christian D. Bailey, Ryan T. Healy, Richard W. TI Modeling Variably Saturated Subsurface Solute Transport with MODFLOW-UZF and MT3DMS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID RICHARDS EQUATION; EVALUATING INTERACTIONS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; FLOW PACKAGE; GROUNDWATER; WATER; INFILTRATION; HYDRUS; DISCRETIZATION; DIRECTIONS AB The MT3DMS groundwater solute transport model was modified to simulate solute transport in the unsaturated zone by incorporating the unsaturated-zone flow (UZF1) package developed for MODFLOW. The modified MT3DMS code uses a volume-averaged approach in which Lagrangian-based UZF1 fluid fluxes and storage changes are mapped onto a fixed grid. Referred to as UZF-MT3DMS, the linked model was tested against published benchmarks solved analytically as well as against other published codes, most frequently the U.S. Geological Survey's Variably-Saturated Two-Dimensional Flow and Transport Model. Results from a suite of test cases demonstrate that the modified code accurately simulates solute advection, dispersion, and reaction in the unsaturated zone. Two- and three-dimensional simulations also were investigated to ensure unsaturated-saturated zone interaction was simulated correctly. Because the UZF1 solution is analytical, large-scale flow and transport investigations can be performed free from the computational and data burdens required by numerical solutions to Richards' equation. Results demonstrate that significant simulation runtime savings can be achieved with UZF-MT3DMS, an important development when hundreds or thousands of model runs are required during parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis. Three-dimensional variably saturated flow and transport simulations revealed UZF-MT3DMS to have runtimes that are less than one tenth of the time required by models that rely on Richards' equation. Given its accuracy and efficiency, and the wide-spread use of both MODFLOW and MT3DMS, the added capability of unsaturated-zone transport in this familiar modeling framework stands to benefit a broad user-ship. C1 [Morway, Eric D.; Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bailey, Ryan T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Morway, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM emorway@usgs.gov OI Bailey, Ryan/0000-0002-6539-1474 FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Jan Vanderborght for his prompt responses in supplying analytical solution results in tabular form for benchmarking the UZF-MT3DMS model. We would also like to thank Mario Putti and Domenico Bau for supplying the TRAN3D code used in the 3D test problem. Assistance from Alden Provost is greatly appreciated for helping verify correct model setup of the SUTRA model used in the 3D test problem. We would also like to thank Jirka Simunek and Miroslav Sejna for quickly creating and patiently supporting numerous requests pertaining to the HYDRUS model used in the three-dimensional benchmark. Support for the second author was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program through the Office of Groundwater. Daniel Fienstein and Chris Green graciously agreed to complete the internal USGS reviews, we thank each for their helpful feedback. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insights, comments, and patience. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00971.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 104AK UT WOS:000315961100013 PM 22834908 ER PT J AU Neish, CD Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD Bray, VJ Schenk, P Stiles, BW Turtle, E Mitchell, K Hayes, A AF Neish, C. D. Kirk, R. L. Lorenz, R. D. Bray, V. J. Schenk, P. Stiles, B. W. Turtle, E. Mitchell, K. Hayes, A. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Crater topography on Titan: Implications for landscape evolution SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Cratering; Titan; Ganymede ID CASSINI RADAR OBSERVATIONS; GALILEAN SATELLITES; IMPACT CRATER; HUYGENS PROBE; CENTRAL PEAK; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; GANYMEDE; METHANE; LOCKNE AB We present a comprehensive review of available crater topography measurements for Saturn's moon Titan. In general, the depths of Titan's craters are within the range of depths observed for similarly sized fresh craters on Ganymede, but several hundreds of meters shallower than Ganymede's average depth vs. diameter trend. Depth-to-diameter ratios are between 0.0012 +/- 0.0003 (for the largest crater studied, Menrva, D similar to 425 km) and 0.017 +/- 0.004 (for the smallest crater studied, Ksa, D similar to 39 km). When we evaluate the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit parameter, we find that there is less than a 10% probability that Titan's craters have a current depth distribution that is consistent with the depth distribution of fresh craters on Ganymede. There is, however, a much higher probability that the relative depths are uniformly distributed between 0 (fresh) and I (completely infilled). This distribution is consistent with an infilling process that is relatively constant with time, such as aeolian deposition. Assuming that Ganymede represents a close 'airless' analogue to Titan, the difference in depths represents the first quantitative measure of the amount of modification that has shaped Titan's surface, the only body in the outer Solar System with extensive surface-atmosphere exchange. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Neish, C. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.; Turtle, E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Bray, V. J.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schenk, P.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Stiles, B. W.; Mitchell, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hayes, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neish, CD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM catherine.d.neish@nasa.gov RI Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Cassini Project; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We wish to acknowledge the Cassini RADAR Team for acquiring and processing the data presented here. C.N., R.K., R.L., B.S., and E.T. further thank the Cassini Project for financial support. A.H. was funded by the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. This work was also partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA to C.N., and a portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a Contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank O. Abramov and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.030 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600009 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Cuzzi, JN Clark, RN Filacchione, G Capaccioni, F Ciarniello, M AF Hedman, M. M. Nicholson, P. D. Cuzzi, J. N. Clark, R. N. Filacchione, G. Capaccioni, F. Ciarniello, M. TI Connections between spectra and structure in Saturn's main rings based on Cassini VIMS data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Planetary rings; Saturn, Rings; Spectroscopy; Ices, IR spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; PLANETARY RING; DUST GRAINS; SATELLITES; PHOTOMETRY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; ALBEDO AB Saturn's main rings exhibit variations in both their opacity and their spectral properties on a broad range of spatial scales, and the correlations between these parameters can provide insights into the processes that shape the composition and dynamics of the rings. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini Spacecraft has obtained spectra of the rings between 0.35 and 5.2 mu m with sufficient spatial resolution to discern variations on scales below 200 km. These relatively high-resolution spectral data reveal that both the depths of the near-infrared water-ice absorption bands and the visible spectral slopes are often correlated with structural parameters such as the rings' optical depth. Using a simplified model for the ring-particles' regolith properties, we have begun to disentangle the trends due to changes in the gross composition of the ring particles from those that may be due to shifts in the texture of the ring particles' regolith. Consistent with previous studies, this analysis finds that the C ring and the Cassini Division possess enhanced concentrations of a contaminant that absorbs light over a broad range of wavelengths. On the other hand, a second contaminant that preferentially absorbs at short visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths is found to be more evenly distributed throughout the rings. The optical activity of this short-wavelength absorber increases inwards of 100,000 km from Saturn center, which may provide clues to the origin of this contaminant. The spectral variations identified as shifts in the regolith texture are in some places clearly correlated with the ring's optical depth, and in other locations they appear to be associated with the disturbances generated by strong mean-motion resonances with Saturn's various moons. These variations therefore seem to be controlled by the ring particles' dynamical environment, and may even provide a new avenue for constraining the structure and mass density of Saturn's most opaque ring regions. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Ciarniello, M.] INAF IAPS Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 322 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu OI Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055; Ciarniello, Mauro/0000-0002-7498-5207 FU VIMS team; Cassini Project; NASA FX We acknowledge the support of the VIMS team, the Cassini Project and NASA. We would like to thank P. Helfenstein for some useful conversations regarding this work. We also thank S. Brooks and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that helped improve this manuscript. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.014 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600011 ER PT J AU Anderson, RB Bell, JF AF Anderson, Ryan B. Bell, James F., III TI Correlating multispectral imaging and compositional data from the Mars Exploration Rovers and implications for Mars Science Laboratory SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Image processing; Spectroscopy; Data reduction techniques ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; VIKING LANDER; SPIRIT ROVER; MARTIAN SOIL; GUSEV CRATER; ROCKS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHFINDER AB In an effort to infer compositional information about distant targets based on multispectral imaging data, we investigated methods of relating Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Pancam multispectral remote sensing observations to in situ alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS)-derived elemental abundances and Mossbauer (MB)-derived abundances of Fe-bearing phases at the MER field sites in Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum. The majority of the partial correlation coefficients between these data sets were not statistically significant. Restricting the targets to those that were abraded by the rock abrasion tool (RAT) led to improved Pearson's correlations, most notably between the red-blue ratio (673 nm/ 434 nm) and Fe3+-bearing phases, but partial correlations were not statistically significant. Partial Least Squares (PLS) calculations relating Pancam II-color visible to near-IR (VNIR; similar to 400-1000 nm) "spectra" to APXS and Mossbauer element or mineral abundances showed generally poor performance, although the presence of compositional outliers led to improved PLS results for data from Meridiani. When the Meridiani PIS model for pyroxene was tested by predicting the pyroxene content of Gusev targets, the results were poor, indicating that the PLS models for Meridiani are not applicable to data from other sites. Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) classification of Gusev crater data showed mixed results. Of the 24 Gusev test regions of interest (ROIs) with known classes, 11 had >30% of the pixels in the ROI classified correctly, while others were mis-classified or unclassified, k-Means clustering of APXS and Mossbauer data was used to assign Meridiani targets to compositional classes. The clustering-derived classes corresponded to meaningful geologic and/or color unit differences, and SIMCA classification using these classes was somewhat successful, with >30% of pixels correctly classified in 9 of the 11 ROls with known classes. This work shows that the relationship between SWIR multispectral imaging data and APXS- and Mossbauer-derived composition/mineralogy is often weak, a perhaps not entirely unexpected result given the different surface sampling depths of SWIR imaging (uppermost few microns) vs. APXS (tens of mu m) and MB measurements (hundreds of mu m). Results from the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover's ChemCam Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument may show a closer relationship to Mastcam SWIR multispectral observations, however, because the initial laser shots onto a target will analyze only the upper few micrometers of the surface. The clustering and classification methods used in this study can be applied to any data set to formalize the definition of classes and identify targets that do not fit in previously defined classes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anderson, Ryan B.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Anderson, Ryan B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bell, James F., III] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Anderson, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rbanderson@usgs.gov; Jim.Bell@asu.edu FU NASA FX This work was funded by the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program, the NASA Mars Exploration Rover Project, and the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the JPL MIPL team in coregistering the large number of Pancam observations necessary for this work. Suniti Karunatillake provided helpful statistical advice, and comments from reviewers Ray Arvidson and Bill Farrand significantly improved this paper. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.029 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600014 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Le Corre, L O'Brien, DP Nathues, A Cloutis, EA Durda, DD Bottke, WF Bhatt, MU Nesvorny, D Buczkowski, D Scully, JEC Palmer, EM Sierks, H Mann, PJ Becker, KJ Beck, AW Mittlefehldt, D Li, JY Gaskell, R Russell, CT Gaffey, MJ McSween, HY McCord, TB Combe, JP Blewett, D AF Reddy, Vishnu Le Corre, Lucille O'Brien, David P. Nathues, Andreas Cloutis, Edward A. Durda, Daniel D. Bottke, William F. Bhatt, Megha U. Nesvorny, David Buczkowski, Debra Scully, Jennifer E. C. Palmer, Elizabeth M. Sierks, Holger Mann, Paul J. Becker, Kris J. Beck, Andrew W. Mittlefehldt, David Li, Jian-Yang Gaskell, Robert Russell, Christopher T. Gaffey, Michael J. McSween, Harry Y. McCord, Thomas B. Combe, Jean-Philippe Blewett, David TI Delivery of dark material to Vesta via carbonaceous chondritic impacts (vol 221, pg 544, 2012) SO ICARUS LA English DT Correction C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Nathues, Andreas; Bhatt, Megha U.; Sierks, Holger] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [O'Brien, David P.; Gaskell, Robert] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cloutis, Edward A.; Mann, Paul J.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Durda, Daniel D.; Bottke, William F.; Nesvorny, David] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Buczkowski, Debra; Blewett, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Scully, Jennifer E. C.; Palmer, Elizabeth M.; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beck, Andrew W.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mittlefehldt, David] NASA, Astromat Res Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Li, Jian-Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, Harry Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [McCord, Thomas B.; Combe, Jean-Philippe] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@mps.mpg.de RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Beck, Andrew/J-7215-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Beck, Andrew/0000-0003-4455-2299 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2013 VL 223 IS 1 BP 632 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.006 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104FP UT WOS:000315977600049 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH Zawada, DG AF Lidz, Barbara H. Zawada, David G. TI Possible Return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; benthic cover; coral habitat; Diadema antillarum; Florida-Caribbean region; remote sensing; satellite imagery; seafloor imagery; shallow-marine habitat mapping ID URCHIN DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; MASS MORTALITY; SEA-URCHIN; CORAL-REEFS; TRIPNEUSTES-VENTRICOSUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MACROALGAL COVER; RECOVERY; KEYS AB Lidz, B.H. and Zawada, D.G., 2013. Possible return of Acropora cervicornis at Pulaski Shoal, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(2), 256-271. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Seabed classification is essential to assessing environmental associations and physical status in coral reef ecosystems. At Pulaski Shoal in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, nearly continuous underwater-image coverage was acquired in 15.5 hours in 2009 along 70.2 km of transect lines spanning similar to 0.2 km(2). The Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS), a boat-based, high-speed, digital imaging system, was used. ATRIS-derived benthic classes were merged with a QuickBird satellite image to create a habitat map that defines areas of senile coral reef, carbonate sand, seagrasses, and coral rubble. This atypical approach of starting with extensive, high-resolution in situ imagery and extrapolating between transect lines using satellite imagery leverages the strengths of each remote-sensing modality. The ATRIS images also captured the spatial distribution of two species once common on now-degraded Florida Caribbean coral reefs: the stony staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis, a designated threatened species, and the long-spined urchin Diadema antillarum. This article documents the utility of ATRIS imagery for quantifying number and estimating age of A. cervicornis colonies (n = 400, age range, 5-11 y) since the severe hypothermic die-off in the Dry Tortugas in 1976-77. This study is also the first to document the largest number of new colonies of A. cervicornis tabulated in an area of the park where coral-monitoring stations maintained by the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute have not been established. The elevated numbers provide an updated baseline for tracking revival of this species at Pulaski Shoal. C1 [Lidz, Barbara H.; Zawada, David G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM blidz@usgs.gov; dzawada@usgs.gov FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This manuscript has benefited from constructive reviews by Jamie Bonisteel-Cormier of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous JCR reviewers. The authors thank Gary L. Hill and Phil Thompson of the U.S. Geological Survey for assistance with acquisition of the ATRIS imagery. Captains C. "Blue" Douglass, J. Douglass, and J. Spade of the National Park Service provided field assistance and lodging aboard the M/V (motor vessel) Fort Jefferson in 2009. Appreciation is extended to Dan Umberger for assisting in reexamination of ATRIS images for quantification of Acropora cervicornis and Diadema antillarum. The authors thank Ellen Raabe for assistance in preparation of the index basemap from ESRI (Redlands, California) data, Laurinda Travers for aid in compiling Figures 7A and B, and Betsy Boynton for help with polygon cutouts on the contour map and assembling components in Figures 4 and 8. Luke J. Mueller and Paul Robbins developed the ADAPT computer program, which is based on an earlier program written by David B. Nagle. The Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies project of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program funded the study. The ATRIS imagery was collected under Dry Tortugas Scientific Research Permit DRTO-2009-SCI-0005 issued to D. Zawada. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 256 EP 271 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00078.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 106RM UT WOS:000316162400002 ER PT J AU Kreiling, RM Schubauer-Berigan, JP Richardson, WB Bartsch, LA Hughes, PE Cavanaugh, JC Strauss, EA AF Kreiling, Rebecca M. Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P. Richardson, William B. Bartsch, Lynn A. Hughes, Peter E. Cavanaugh, Jennifer C. Strauss, Eric A. TI Wetland Management Reduces Sediment and Nutrient Loading to the Upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; DENITRIFICATION; BASIN; NITRIFICATION; RETENTION; HYPOXIA; NITRATE AB Restored riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River basin have potential to remove sediment and nutrients from tributaries before they flow into the Mississippi River. For 3 yr we calculated retention efficiencies of a marsh complex, which consisted of a restored marsh and an adjacent natural marsh that were connected to Halfway Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi. We measured sediment, N, and P removal through a mass balance budget approach, N removal through denitrification, and N and P removal through mechanical soil excavation. The marsh complex had average retention rates of approximately 30 Mg sediment ha(-1) yr(-1), 26 kg total N ha(-1) yr(-1), and 20 kg total P ha(-1) yr(-1). Water flowed into the restored marsh only during high-discharge events. Although the majority of retention occurred in the natural marsh, portions of the natural marsh were hydrologically disconnected at low discharge due to historical over-bank sedimentation. The natural marsh removed >60% of sediment, >10% of P, and >5% of N loads (except the first year, when it was a N source). The marsh complex was a source of NH4+ and soluble reactive P. The average denitrification rate for the marsh complex was 2.88 mg N m(-2) h(-1). Soil excavation removed 3600 Mg of sediment, 5.6 Mg of N, and 2.7 Mg of P from the restored marsh. The marsh complex was effective in removing sediment and nutrients from storm flows; however, retention could be increased if more water was diverted into both restored and natural marshes before entering the river. C1 [Kreiling, Rebecca M.; Richardson, William B.; Bartsch, Lynn A.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hughes, Peter E.] Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, USGS, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.] USDA NRCS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strauss, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Kreiling, RM (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM rkreiling@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013; OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535; Kreiling, Rebecca/0000-0002-9295-4156 FU USEPA [DW14996301]; USGS [DW14996301]; Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program FX We thank Robert Kennedy, Matt Morrison, Adam Balz, Reid Northwick, Tammy Yeldon, Alex Schroeder, and Alyssa Standorf for their tireless efforts in the field and laboratory. Nick Hanson and Tim Hanson from the USGS in Middleton, WI, were responsible for operation of the gage equipment and for computation of the stream flow records. Jim Nissen from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided access to the Halfway Creek Marsh Complex. Carol Lowenberg provided graphic support. Reviews by Christopher Craft, John Barko, Barry Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved this manuscript. This work was funded by an Interagency Agreement between the USEPA and the USGS (DW14996301) and was partially supported by the Long-Term Resource Monitoring component of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program. Th e views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0248 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103TS UT WOS:000315942600030 PM 23673850 ER PT J AU Kayen, R Moss, RES Thompson, EM Seed, RB Cetin, KO Kiureghian, AD Tanaka, Y Tokimatsu, K AF Kayen, R. Moss, R. E. S. Thompson, E. M. Seed, R. B. Cetin, K. O. Kiureghian, A. Der Tanaka, Y. Tokimatsu, K. TI Shear-Wave Velocity-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Earthquakes; Liquefaction; Shear waves; Velocity; Sand; Seismic hazard; Correlation; Databases ID PENETRATION TEST; EARTHQUAKE; RESISTANCE; STRESS; SITES AB Shear-wave velocity (V-s) offers a means to determine the seismic resistance of soil to liquefaction by a fundamental soil property. This paper presents the results of an 11-year international project to gather new V-s site data and develop probabilistic correlations for seismic soil liquefaction occurrence. Toward that objective, shear-wave velocity test sites were identified, and measurements made for 301 new liquefaction field case histories in China, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States over a decade. The majority of these new case histories reoccupy those previously investigated by penetration testing. These new data are combined with previously published case histories to build a global catalog of 422 case histories of V-s liquefaction performance. Bayesian regression and structural reliability methods facilitate a probabilistic treatment of the V-s catalog for performance-based engineering applications. Where possible, uncertainties of the variables comprising both the seismic demand and the soil capacity were estimated and included in the analysis, resulting in greatly reduced overall model uncertainty relative to previous studies. The presented data set and probabilistic analysis also help resolve the ancillary issues of adjustment for soil fines content and magnitude scaling factors. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kayen, R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kayen, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Moss, R. E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Thompson, E. M.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Seed, R. B.; Kiureghian, A. Der] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cetin, K. O.] Middle Eastern Tech Univ, Ankara, Turkey. [Tanaka, Y.] UTAR, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia. [Tokimatsu, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Architechture & Bldg Engn, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. RP Kayen, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkayen@usgs.gov RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806; FU Unites States Geological Survey (USGS); Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's Lifelines Program; EERI-LFE Program; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Japan Ministry of Education FX Financial support was provided through the Unites States Geological Survey (USGS); Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's Lifelines Program; EERI-LFE Program; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; and the Japan Ministry of Education. The writers would like to thank T. Leslie Youd (Brigham Young University); I. M. Idriss (University of California-Davis); Y. Suzuki (Shimizu Corp); H. Taniguchi (Ritsumeikan University, Japan); L. Cluff (PG & E); Tom Shantz (Caltrans); Diane Minasian (USGS); Brad Carkin (USGS); Ivan Estevez (CCNY); Lena Lai (CCNY); Aliza Zangwill (UCSD); S. Toki (Hokkaido University, Japan); and Albert Hsou (NCHU, Taiwan); and for their insights, assistance, and contributions to the study. X. X. Tao and Lijing Shi (Harbin IT, China) assisted in the collection of the Tangshan area data. Kobe City Parks Department and the City of Nishinomiya provided extensive access to city properties for the Hyogo Nambu earthquake test sites. Brian Collins (USGS), Professor Jon Stewart (University of California-Los Angeles), and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their critical reviews and insights. NR 100 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 26 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 EI 1943-5606 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 111YD UT WOS:000316557100005 ER PT J AU Lu, N Kaya, M Collins, BD Godt, JW AF Lu, Ning Kaya, Murat Collins, Brian D. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Hysteresis of Unsaturated Hydromechanical Properties of a Silty Soil SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Unsaturated soil; Matric suction; Hydraulic conductivity; Suction stress; Soil-water retention; Hysteresis ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STRESS; SUCTION; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; FIELD; MEDIA AB Laboratory tests to examine hysteresis in the hydrologic and mechanical properties of partially saturated soils were conducted on six intact specimens collected from a landslide-prone area of Alameda County, California. The results reveal that the pore-size distribution parameter remains statistically unchanged between the wetting and drying paths; however, the wetting or drying state has a pronounced influence on the water-entry pressure, the water-filled porosity at zero suction, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The suction stress values obtained from the shear-strength tests under both natural moisture and resaturated conditions were mostly bounded by the suction stress characteristic curves (SSCCs) obtained from the hydrologic tests. This finding experimentally confirms that the soil-water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity function, and SSCC are intrinsically related. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000786. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Lu, Ning; Kaya, Murat] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Geol & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ninglu@mines.edu; mkaya@mines.edu; bcollins@usgs.gov; jgodt@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 34 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000786 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 111YD UT WOS:000316557100014 ER PT J AU Molk, DM Karr-May, CL Trang, ED Sanders, GE AF Molk, Denise M. Karr-May, Charlene L. Trang, Elaine D. Sanders, George E. TI Sanitization of an Automatic Reverse-Osmosis Watering System: Removal of a Clinically Significant Biofilm SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPHINGOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; CHLORINE PENETRATION; BACTERIA; QUALITY AB During environmental monitoring of our institution's rodent watering systems, one vivarium was found to have high bacterial loads in the reverse-osmosis (RO) automatic water system. These findings prompted evaluation of the entire RO water production and distribution system. Investigation revealed insufficient rack and RO system sanitization, leading to heavy biofilm accumulation within the system. Approximately 2 wk after discovery in the water system, one of the bacterial organisms isolated in the water supply, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, was isolated from a peritoneal abscess of a severely immunodeficient B6.Cg-Slc11a1(r) Rag1(tm1Mom)/Cwi mouse housed in the same vivarium, suggesting that rodents drinking from this system were being exposed randomly to fragments of biofilm. Plans were developed to sanitize the entire system. Hypercholorination was used first, followed by treatment with a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Between system sanitizations, a low-level chlorine infusion was added to the system as a biocide. Heterotrophic plate counts and bacterial isolation were performed on water samples obtained before and after sanitization procedures. We here discuss the process of identifying and correcting this important water-quality issue. C1 [Molk, Denise M.; Karr-May, Charlene L.; Trang, Elaine D.; Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Molk, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM newsomd@uw.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 106QL UT WOS:000316159700012 PM 23562105 ER PT J AU Christianson, D Klaver, RW Middleton, A Kauffman, M AF Christianson, David Klaver, Robert W. Middleton, Arthur Kauffman, Matthew TI Confounded winter and spring phenoclimatology on large herbivore ranges SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Elk; Green-up; Normalized difference vegetation index; Phenology; Snow; Spring; Winter ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; STAGS CERVUS-ELAPHUS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; VEGETATION INDEX; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; UNGULATE POPULATIONS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; MIGRATORY UNGULATE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GROWING-SEASON AB Annual variation in winter severity and growing season vegetation dynamics appear to influence the demography of temperate herbivores but parsing winter from spring effects requires independent metrics of environmental conditions specific to each season. We tested for independence in annual variation amongst four common metrics used to describe winter severity and early growing season vegetation dynamics across the entire spatial distribution of elk (Cervus elaphus) in Wyoming from 1989 to 2006. Winter conditions and early growing season dynamics were correlated in a specific way. Winters with snow cover that ended early tended to be followed by early, but slow, rises in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while long winters with extended periods of snow cover were often followed by late and rapid rises in NDVI. Across the 35 elk ranges, 0.4-86.8 % of the variation in the rate of increase in NDVI's in spring was explained by the date snow cover disappeared from SNOTEL stations. Because phenoclimatological metrics are correlated across seasons and shifting due to climate change, identifying environmental constraints on herbivore fitness, particularly migratory species, is more difficult than previously recognized. C1 [Christianson, David] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Middleton, Arthur] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Christianson, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dchristianson@email.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease [1067129]; U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease grant #1067129 and by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. We are grateful to the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for providing spatial data on elk seasonal ranges. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9840-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 108JW UT WOS:000316290100006 ER PT J AU Nicol, S Roach, JK Griffith, B AF Nicol, Samuel Roach, Jennifer K. Griffith, Brad TI Spatial heterogeneity in statistical power to detect changes in lake area in Alaskan National Wildlife Refuges SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Statistical power; Mixed model; Lake drying; Alaska; Temporal sampling; Regional trend; Trend detection; Climate change ID REGIONAL TRENDS; PERMAFROST AB Over the past 50 years, the number and size of high-latitude lakes have decreased throughout many regions; however, individual lake trends have been variable in direction and magnitude. This spatial heterogeneity in lake change makes statistical detection of temporal trends challenging, particularly in small analysis areas where weak trends are difficult to separate from inter- and intra-annual variability. Factors affecting trend detection include inherent variability, trend magnitude, and sample size. In this paper, we investigated how the statistical power to detect average linear trends in lake size of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %/year was affected by the size of the analysis area and the number of years of monitoring in National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska. We estimated power for large (930-4,560 sq km) study areas within refuges and for 2.6, 12.9, and 25.9 sq km cells nested within study areas over temporal extents of 4-50 years. We found that: (1) trends in study areas could be detected within 5-15 years, (2) trends smaller than 2.0 %/year would take > 50 years to detect in cells within study areas, and (3) there was substantial spatial variation in the time required to detect change among cells. Power was particularly low in the smallest cells which typically had the fewest lakes. Because small but ecologically meaningful trends may take decades to detect, early establishment of long-term monitoring will enhance power to detect change. Our results have broad applicability and our method is useful for any study involving change detection among variable spatial and temporal extents. C1 [Nicol, Samuel; Roach, Jennifer K.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nicol, S (reprint author), CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM sam.nicol@csiro.au RI Nicol, Samuel/I-1074-2012 OI Nicol, Samuel/0000-0002-1160-7444 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks to Jay Ver Hoef for his comments on an early draft of this manuscript. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s10980-013-9853-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 108JW UT WOS:000316290100012 ER PT J AU Yackulic, CB Chandler, R Zipkin, EF Royle, JA Nichols, JD Grant, EHC Veran, S AF Yackulic, Charles B. Chandler, Richard Zipkin, Elise F. Royle, J. Andrew Nichols, James D. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Veran, Sophie TI Presence-only modelling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences? SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE AUC; detection; occurrence; prevalence; sample selection bias ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOLOGISTS; PRECISION; ABUNDANCE; ABSENCE; RATES; BIAS AB Recently, interest in species distribution modelling has increased following the development of new methods for the analysis of presence-only data and the deployment of these methods in user-friendly and powerful computer programs. However, reliable inference from these powerful tools requires that several assumptions be met, including the assumptions that observed presences are the consequence of random or representative sampling and that detectability during sampling does not vary with the covariates that determine occurrence probability. Based on our interactions with researchers using these tools, we hypothesized that many presence-only studies were ignoring important assumptions of presence-only modelling. We tested this hypothesis by reviewing 108 articles published between 2008 and 2012 that used the MAXENT algorithm to analyse empirical (i.e. not simulated) data. We chose to focus on these articles because MAXENT has been the most popular algorithm in recent years for analysing presence-only data. Many articles (87%) were based on data that were likely to suffer from sample selection bias; however, methods to control for sample selection bias were rarely used. In addition, many analyses (36%) discarded absence information by analysing presenceabsence data in a presence-only framework, and few articles (14%) mentioned detection probability. We conclude that there are many misconceptions concerning the use of presence-only models, including the misunderstanding that MAXENT, and other presence-only methods, relieve users from the constraints of survey design. In the process of our literature review, we became aware of other factors that raised concerns about the validity of study conclusions. In particular, we observed that 83% of articles studies focused exclusively on model output (i.e. maps) without providing readers with any means to critically examine modelled relationships and that MAXENT's logistic output was frequently (54% of articles) and incorrectly interpreted as occurrence probability. We conclude with a series of recommendations foremost that researchers analyse data in a presenceabsence framework whenever possible, because fewer assumptions are required and inferences can be made about clearly defined parameters such as occurrence probability. C1 [Yackulic, Charles B.; Chandler, Richard; Zipkin, Elise F.; Royle, J. Andrew; Nichols, James D.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Veran, Sophie] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Yackulic, Charles B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yackulic, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cyackulic@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU National Science Foundation [1003221] FX CBY was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1003221. This is contribution 2 of the PWRC-WMS research program and contribution 419 of the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 30 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 12 U2 228 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1111/2041-210x.12004 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108YT UT WOS:000316333000004 ER PT J AU Waddle, JH Glorioso, BM Faulkner, SP AF Waddle, J. Hardin Glorioso, Brad M. Faulkner, Stephen P. TI A Quantitative Assessment of the Conservation Benefits of the Wetlands Reserve Program to Amphibians SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anuran; delta; detection probability; hierarchical model; Mississippi; occupancy; species richness ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; PONDS; COLONIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; OCCUPANCY; RESPONSES; WILDLIFE; CANADA AB The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) originally consisted of nearly contiguous bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest encompassing approximately 10 million hectares. Currently, only 2025% of the historical BLH forests remain in small patches fragmented by agricultural lands. The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) was established to restore and protect the functions and values of wetlands in agricultural landscapes. To assess the potential benefit of WRP restoration to amphibians, we surveyed 30 randomly selected WRP sites and 20 nearby agricultural sites in the Mississippi Delta. We made repeat visits to each site from May to August 2008 and performed both visual encounter and vocalization surveys. We analyzed the encounter history data for 11 anuran species using a Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model that estimated detection probability and probability of occurrence simultaneously for each species. Nine of the 11 species had higher probabilities of occurrence at WRP sites compared to agriculture. Derived estimates of species richness were also higher for WRP sites. Five anuran species were significantly more likely to occur in WRP than in agriculture, four of which were among the most aquatic species. It appears that the restoration of a more permanent hydrology at the WRP sites may be the primary reason for this result. Although amphibians represent only one group of wildlife species, they are useful for evaluating restoration benefits for wildlife because of their intermediate trophic position. The methods used in this study to evaluate the benefit of restoration could be used in other locations and with other groups of indicator species. C1 [Waddle, J. Hardin; Glorioso, Brad M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Waddle, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM waddleh@usgs.gov RI Glorioso, Brad/B-1688-2013; Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009 OI Glorioso, Brad/0000-0002-5400-7414; Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service as part of the CEAP National Assessment-Wetlands FX We appreciate the willingness of the private landowners to allow us access to their properties for the purposes of this study. Partial funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service as part of the CEAP National Assessment-Wetlands. Site selection, information, and field support were provided by M. Baldwin and P. Vasseur. We thank L. Broussard, I. Wiggins, and T. Cochran for providing help with the field work. All handling of animals was conducted in accordance with approved IACUC protocols. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 399 of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00881.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000012 ER PT J AU Otis, DL Crumpton, WR Green, D Loan-Wilsey, A Cooper, T Johnson, RR AF Otis, David L. Crumpton, William R. Green, David Loan-Wilsey, Anna Cooper, Tom Johnson, Rex R. TI Predicted Effect of Landscape Position on Wildlife Habitat Value of Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Wetlands in a Tile-drained Agricultural Region SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; landscape position; nitrate removal; tile-drained agriculture; wetland; wildlife habitat ID PRAIRIE; DESIGN; MODELS; ERRORS; BIRDS AB Justification for investment in restored or constructed wetland projects are often based on presumed net increases in ecosystem services. However, quantitative assessment of performance metrics is often difficult and restricted to a single objective. More comprehensive performance assessments could help inform decision-makers about trade-offs in services provided by alternative restoration program design attributes. The primary goal of the Iowa Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program is to establish wetlands that efficiently remove nitrates from tile-drained agricultural landscapes. A secondary objective is provision of wildlife habitat. We used existing wildlife habitat models to compare relative net change in potential wildlife habitat value for four alternative landscape positions of wetlands within the watershed. Predicted species richness and habitat value for birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles generally increased as the wetland position moved lower in the watershed. However, predicted average net increase between pre- and post-project value was dependent on taxonomic group. The increased average wetland area and changes in surrounding upland habitat composition among landscape positions were responsible for these differences. Net change in predicted densities of several grassland bird species at the four landscape positions was variable and species-dependent. Predicted waterfowl breeding activity was greater for lower drainage position wetlands. Although our models are simplistic and provide only a predictive index of potential habitat value, we believe such assessment exercises can provide a tool for coarse-level comparisons of alternative proposed project attributes and a basis for constructing informed hypotheses in auxiliary empirical field studies. C1 [Otis, David L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Crumpton, William R.; Green, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Loan-Wilsey, Anna] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cooper, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. [Johnson, Rex R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Otis, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 342 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dotis@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency; U.S. Geological Survey; Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa State University; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Services Agency. We thank Kevin Kane and Robin McNally (Iowa State University) for GIS support and advice. The Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa State University, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00898.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000021 ER PT J AU Longland, WS Ostoja, SM AF Longland, William S. Ostoja, Steven M. TI Ecosystem Services from Keystone Species: Diversionary Seeding and Seed-Caching Desert Rodents Can Enhance Indian Ricegrass Seedling Establishment SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum hymenoides; animal-mediated seed dispersal; Dipodomys merriami; Great Basin; heteromyid rodents; kangaroo rats; passive restoration; scatterhoarding ID ASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE; ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; HETEROMYID RODENTS; FOREST RESTORATION; DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT; BIRDS; TREES; PREFERENCES; POPULATIONS AB Seeds of Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides), a native bunchgrass common to sandy soils on arid western rangelands, are naturally dispersed by seed-caching rodent species, particularly Dipodomys spp. (kangaroo rats). These animals cache large quantities of seeds when mature seeds are available on or beneath plants and recover most of their caches for consumption during the remainder of the year. Unrecovered seeds in caches account for the vast majority of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment. We applied three different densities of white millet (Panicum miliaceum) seeds as diversionary foods to plots at three Great Basin study sites in an attempt to reduce rodents' over-winter cache recovery so that more Indian ricegrass seeds would remain in soil seedbanks and potentially establish new seedlings. One year after diversionary seed application, a moderate level of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment occurred at two of our study sites in western Nevada, although there was no recruitment at the third site in eastern California. At both Nevada sites, the number of Indian ricegrass seedlings sampled along transects was significantly greater on all plots treated with diversionary seeds than on non-seeded control plots. However, the density of diversionary seeds applied to plots had a marginally non-significant effect on seedling recruitment, and it was not correlated with recruitment patterns among plots. Results suggest that application of a diversionary seed type that is preferred by seed-caching rodents provides a promising passive restoration strategy for target plant species that are dispersed by these rodents. C1 [Longland, William S.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. RP Longland, WS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM longland@unr.edu NR 38 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105MN UT WOS:000316075000022 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK AF Brewer, Shannon K. TI GROUNDWATER INFLUENCES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF RIVERINE SMALLMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU, IN PASTURE LANDSCAPES OF THE MIDWESTERN USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE groundwater; spring flow; agriculture; land use ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT USE; LARGEMOUTH BASS; LAND-USE; STREAM; TEMPERATURE; FISHES; MISSOURI; DURATION; TROUT AB This study examined how spring-flow (SF) contributions to streams related to the distribution and abundance of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in a predominately pasture landscape in Missouri, USA. Stream segments (N=13) with similar landscape characters were classified by SF volume into high SF (HSF) or low SF (LSF) groups. The densities of smallmouth bass, channel unit (CU) use and temperature-selection patterns were assessed for several life stages and frequency distributions for age 0 fish. More smallmouth bass were present in stream segments with HSF influence. Age 0 fish were twice as likely to be present in HSF stream segments. Older age classes were present in stream reaches independent of SF contribution. For all age classes, the use of particular CUs did not depend on SF influence. All age classes were more likely to be present in pools than other CUs. Microhabitat temperature selection differed among age classes. Age 0 fish selected warmer temperatures with a gradual shift towards cooler temperatures for older age classes. The length frequency of age 0 fish was skewed towards larger individuals in streams with limited SF influence, whereas the length frequency in HSF stream segments was skewed towards smaller individuals. The benefits of significant groundwater via SF influence seem to be related to increased hatch or survival of age 0 fish and the availability of optimal temperatures for adult smallmouth bass growth. Thermal refugia and stable flows provided by springs should be recognised for their biological potential to provide suitable habitat as climate change and other land-use alterations increase temperature regimes and alter flow patterns. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci West, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shannon.brewer@okstate.edu FU Missouri Department of Conservation FX This research is a contribution of the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating), with substantial support from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Funding was provided by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Field assistance was provided by Matt Mullins and Greg Wallace. Scott Sowa and Gust Annis assisted with GIS applications. The manuscript was improved by comments from Kerry Reeves, Emily Smith and Zachary Jackson. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1002/rra.1595 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200001 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Rogala, JR Houser, JN AF Gray, B. R. Rogala, J. R. Houser, J. N. TI TREATING FLOODPLAIN LAKES OF LARGE RIVERS AS STUDY UNITS FOR VARIABLES THAT VARY WITHIN LAKES; AN EVALUATION USING CHLOROPHYLL A AND INORGANIC SUSPENDED SOLIDS DATA FROM FLOODPLAIN LAKES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE backwater lakes; chlorophyll a; habitat heterogeneity; hierarchical models; inorganic suspended solids; Mississippi River ID PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; NATURAL-RESOURCES; CONNECTIVITY; LEVEL; WATER; NUTRIENTS; ABUNDANCE; ISSUES; AGE; USA AB Contiguous floodplain lakes (lakes') have historically been used as study units for comparative studies of limnological variables that vary within lakes. The hierarchical nature of these studies implies that study variables may be correlated within lakes and that covariate associations may differ not only among lakes but also by spatial scale. We evaluated the utility of treating lakes as study units for limnological variables that vary within lakes based on the criteria of important levels of among-lake variation in study variables and the observation of covariate associations that vary among lakes. These concerns were selected, respectively, to ensure that lake signatures were distinguishable from within-lake variation and that lake-scale effects on covariate associations might provide inferences not available by ignoring those effects. Study data represented chlorophyll a (CHL) and inorganic suspended solids (ISS) data from lakes within three reaches of the Upper Mississippi River. Sampling occurred in summer from 1993 through 2005 (except 2003); numbers of lakes per reach varied from 7 to 19, and median lake area varied from 53 to 101ha. CHL and ISS levels were modelled linearly, with lake, year and lakexyear effects treated as random. For all reaches, the proportions of variation in CHL and ISS attributable to differences among lakes (including lake and lakexyear effects) were substantial (range: 18%73%). Finally, among-lake variation in CHL and ISS was strongly associated with covariates and covariate effects that varied by lakes or lake-years (including with vegetation levels and, for CHL, log(ISS)). These findings demonstrate the utility of treating floodplain lakes as study units for the study of limnological variables and the importance of addressing hierarchy within study designs when making inferences from data collected within floodplain lakes. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gray, B. R.; Rogala, J. R.; Houser, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Long Term Resource Management Program FX We thank Dale Glaser for an early analysis of the full data set and Wayne Thogmartin for a helpful review of an early draft. This study was funded by the Long Term Resource Management Program. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 330 EP 342 DI 10.1002/rra.1603 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200005 ER PT J AU Waddle, TJ Holmquist, JG AF Waddle, T. J. Holmquist, J. G. TI MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSE TO FLOW CHANGES IN A SUBALPINE STREAM: PREDICTIONS FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrate; two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; Sierra Nevada; abstraction; discharge ID NEW-ZEALAND RIVER; INSTREAM FLOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE; MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES; INCREMENTAL METHODOLOGY; HABITAT SUITABILITY; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTH-AMERICA; INVERTEBRATES AB Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are being used increasingly as alternatives to traditional one-dimensional instream flow methodologies for assessing adequacy of flow and associated faunal habitat. Two-dimensional modelling of habitat has focused primarily on fishes, but fish-based assessments may not model benthic macroinvertebrate habitat effectively. We extend two-dimensional techniques to a macroinvertebrate assemblage in a high-elevation stream in the Sierra Nevada (Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River, Yosemite National Park, CA, USA). This stream frequently flows at less than 0.03m3s1 in late summer and is representative of a common water abstraction scenario: maximum water abstraction coinciding with seasonally low flows. We used two-dimensional modelling to predict invertebrate responses to reduced flows that might result from increased abstraction. We collected site-specific field data on the macroinvertebrate assemblage, bed topography and flow conditions and then coupled a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model with macroinvertebrate indices to evaluate habitat across a range of low flows. Macroinvertebrate indices were calculated for the wetted area at each flow. A surrogate flow record based on an adjacent watershed was used to evaluate frequency and duration of low flow events. Using surrogate historical records, we estimated that flow should fall below 0.071m3s1 at least 1day in 82 of 95years and below 0.028m3s1 in 48 of 95years. Invertebrate metric means indicated minor losses in response to modelled discharge reductions, but wetted area decreased substantially. Responses of invertebrates to water abstraction will likely be a function of changing habitat quantity rather than quality. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Waddle, T. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Holmquist, J. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Waddle, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM waddlet@usgs.gov RI Holmquist, Jeffrey/H-3188-2011 OI Holmquist, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3198-6338 FU IA [F8813090088]; NPS [J8R07090011] FX We thank Jim Roche (Yosemite National Park Hydrologist) for his support throughout this project. Physical data collection for this project was ably assisted and facilitated by Chris Holmquist-Johnson and Leanne Hanson of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) and Jennifer Erxleben of the National Park Service. We had excellent ecological field and lab assistance from Jutta Schmidt-Gengenbach (taxonomy) and Marie French (sample sorting). Thoughtful comments by Richard McDonald, Travis Schmidt, William Miller and an anonymous reviewer improved the paper. This work was supported by IA no. F8813090088 to the Fort Collins Science Center, USGS and NPS no. J8R07090011 to the University of California-White Mountain Research Station. The WMRS portion of this work was also supported by the Great Basin Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit with the help of Angela Evenden. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 366 EP 379 DI 10.1002/rra.1607 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200008 ER PT J AU Kaeding, LR AF Kaeding, L. R. TI A CLIMATE-BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING-STREAM HYDROLOGY SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stream hydrology; discharge; temperature; climate effects; cutthroat trout; spawning season ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE RIVER; VARIABILITY AB Reproductive success of stream-spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long-term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning-season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water-year degree-days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature>0 degrees C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi-month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age-structured model of the lacustrineadfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long-term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kaeding, L. R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kaeding, L. R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Nat Fishes Management, Montana Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Kaeding, LR (reprint author), 669 Stonegate Dr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM KaedingL@aol.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX I thank the many persons who contributed to this study. Pat Bigelow, Glenn Boltz, Phil Doepke, Brian Ertel, Ann Rodman, Shannon Savage and Mariah Talbott helped assemble data or provided GIS assistance. Phil Farnes contributed important data. Jim Mogen prepared several of the figures. Gregor Auble, Pat Bigelow and Phil Farnes, as well as doctoral committee members Bob Garrott, Dan Goodman (chairman), Bob Gresswell, Todd Koel, Tom McMahon, Jim Robison-Cox and John Sheppard, provided constructive comments on a preceding version of this report, when it constituted a chapter in the work by Kaeding (2010). Beth Kaeding provided important editorial assistance. Anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that greatly improved the final manuscript. Funding for this study was partly provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; important agency support and encouragement were provided by Ron Skates and Mike Stempel. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1002/rra.1606 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200009 ER PT J AU Thomas, JT Culler, ME Dermisis, DC Pierce, CL Papanicolaou, ANT Stewart, TW Larson, CJ AF Thomas, J. T. Culler, M. E. Dermisis, D. C. Pierce, C. L. Papanicolaou, A. N. (Thanos) Stewart, T. W. Larson, C. J. TI EFFECTS OF GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES ON FISH PASSAGE, BIOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES AND HYDRAULIC ENVIRONMENTS IN WESTERN IOWA STREAMS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biotic integrity; fish assemblages; fish passage; grade control structures; hydraulic characteristics ID CHANNEL INCISION; PHYSICAL HABITAT; RIVER; REHABILITATION; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; SCIENCE; WEIRS; INDEX AB Land use changes and channelization of streams in the deep loess region of western Iowa have led to stream channel incision, altered flow regimes, increased sediment inputs, decreased habitat diversity and reduced lateral connectivity of streams and floodplains. Grade control structures (GCSs) are built in streams to prevent further erosion, protect infrastructure and reduce sediment loads. However, GCS can have a detrimental impact on fisheries and biological communities. We review three complementary biological and hydraulic studies on the effects of GCS in these streams. GCS with steep (1:4 rise:run) downstream slopes severely limited fish passage, but GCS with gentle slopes (1:15) allowed greater passage. Fish assemblages were dominated by species tolerant of degradation, and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores were indicative of fair or poor biotic integrity. More than 50% of fish species had truncated distributions. After modification of GCS to reduce slopes and permit increased passage, IBI scores increased and several species were detected further upstream than before modification. Total macroinvertebrate density, biomass and taxonomic diversity and abundance of ecologically sensitive taxa were greater at GCS than in reaches immediately upstream, downstream or 1km from GCS. A hydraulic study confirmed results from fish passage studies; minimum depths and maximum current velocities at GCS with gentle slopes (1:15) were more likely to meet minimum criteria for catfish passage than GCS with steeper slopes. Multidisciplinary approaches such as ours will increase understanding of GCS-associated factors influencing fish passage, biological assemblage structure and other ecological relationships in streams. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Thomas, J. T.] Hungry Canyons Alliance, Golden Hills RC&D Off, Oakland, IA 51560 USA. [Culler, M. E.] Missouri Dept Nat Resources, Macon, MO 63552 USA. [Dermisis, D. C.; Papanicolaou, A. N. (Thanos)] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Pierce, C. L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stewart, T. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Larson, C. J.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Lewis, IA 51544 USA. RP Thomas, JT (reprint author), Hungry Canyons Alliance, Golden Hills RC&D Off, POB 189, Oakland, IA 51560 USA. EM john@goldenhillsrcd.org FU Hungry Canyons Alliance; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Department of Transportation; Iowa State University; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank the Hungry Canyons Alliance and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for their cooperation and foresight in commissioning these interdisciplinary studies. The studies reviewed were funded by Hungry Canyons Alliance, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Transportation, Iowa State University, US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1002/rra.1600 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200010 ER PT J AU Hauksson, E Stock, J Bilham, R Boese, M Chen, XW Fielding, EJ Galetzka, J Hudnut, KW Hutton, K Jones, LM Kanamori, H Shearer, PM Steidl, J Treiman, J Wei, SJ Yang, WZ AF Hauksson, Egill Stock, Joann Bilham, Roger Boese, Maren Chen, Xiaowei Fielding, Eric J. Galetzka, John Hudnut, Kenneth W. Hutton, Kate Jones, Lucile M. Kanamori, Hiroo Shearer, Peter M. Steidl, Jamie Treiman, Jerry Wei, Shengji Yang, Wenzheng TI Report on the August 2012 Brawley Earthquake Swarm in Imperial Valley, Southern California SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND REGIONAL SEISMOGRAMS; SALTON TROUGH; FOCAL MECHANISMS; NOVEMBER 1987; SAN-ANDREAS; FAULT; RUPTURE; INVERSION; ZIRCON C1 [Hauksson, Egill; Stock, Joann; Boese, Maren; Galetzka, John; Hutton, Kate; Kanamori, Hiroo; Wei, Shengji; Yang, Wenzheng] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, Xiaowei; Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fielding, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hudnut, Kenneth W.; Jones, Lucile M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Steidl, Jamie] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Hauksson, E (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 East Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hauksson@caltech.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012; Wei, Shengji/M-2137-2015; Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630; Wei, Shengji/0000-0002-0319-0714; Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Stock, Joann Miriam/0000-0003-4816-7865; Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program/USGS [12HQPA0001]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0529922, 07HQAG0008]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area; NSF [OCE-0742253]; Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation program of the NSF [CMMI-0927178] FX We thank the personnel of the United States Geological Survey (USGS)-California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) for picking the arrival times and archiving the seismograms and the Southern California Earthquake Data Center for distributing the data. TerraSAR-X data are copyright 2012 DLR and were provided under the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) Geohazard Supersite program project prlund_GEO0927. E. Hauksson and W. Yang were supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program/USGS Grant 12HQPA0001. This research was also supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), which is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. This paper is Contribution 1678 of SCEC and Contribution 10083 of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, California.; We thank K. Marty (Imperial Valley College) and S. Williams (consulting geologist from Imperial, California) for help with fieldwork. The high-rate GPS data were processed and provided by S. Owen from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Part of this research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Surface and Interior focus area and performed at the JPL, Caltech. We thank G. Fuis and D. Hill for reviews and J. Hole for valuable discussions about the tectonics and velocity structure. J. Stock's participation was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0742253.; The University of California at Santa Barbara operates the Wildlife Liquefaction Array facility, with funding through the George E. Brown, Jr., Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation program of the NSF under Award CMMI-0927178. Most figures were done using GMT (Wessel and Smith, 1998). NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1785/0220120169 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 101AP UT WOS:000315747800003 ER PT J AU Koontz, L Hoag, D DeLong, D AF Koontz, Lynne Hoag, Dana DeLong, Don TI Disparate Stakeholder Management: The Case of Elk and Bison Feeding in Southern Greater Yellowstone SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; POLITICAL-ECONOMY; PREFERENCES AB For resource decisions to make the most possible progress toward achieving agency mandates, managers must work with stakeholders and may need to at least partially accommodate some of their key underlying interests. To accommodate stakeholder interests, while also substantively working toward fulfilling legal mandates, managers must understand the sociopolitical factors that influence the decision-making process. We coin the phrase disparate stakeholder management (DSM) to describe situations with disparate stakeholders and disparate management solutions. A DSM approach (DSMA) requires decision makers to combine concepts from many sciences, thus releasing them from disciplinary bonds that often constrain innovation and effectiveness. We combined three distinct approaches to develop a DSMA that assisted in developing a comprehensive range of elk and bison management alternatives in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Area. The DSMA illustrated the extent of compromise between meeting legal agency mandates and accommodating the preferences of certain stakeholder groups. C1 [Koontz, Lynne] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hoag, Dana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeLong, Don] US Forest Serv, USDA, Afton, WY USA. RP Koontz, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM koontzl@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1080/08941920.2012.701371 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 100DP UT WOS:000315676300007 ER PT J AU Alfermann, TJ Miranda, LE AF Alfermann, T. J. Miranda, L. E. TI Centrarchid Assemblages in Floodplain Lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; WATER-QUALITY; OXBOW LAKES; RIVER; DIVERSITY; CONNECTIVITY; TURBIDITY; PATTERNS; SUNFISH AB The family Centrarchidae is a principal and visible component of the ichthyofauna in most warmwater ecosystems in North America, and many of its species provide key recreational fisheries. We examined the significance of various local environmental factors to 13 centrarchid species in 53 floodplain lakes (remnant channels) of the Mississippi alluvial valley to identify major environmental gradients influential in structuring centrarchid assemblages. With few exceptions, changes in forest representation in the land cover, both in the lakeshore and the catchment, had the strongest associations with centrarchid assemblages. Other influential factors included depth, water clarity, and primary productivity. Connectivity to adjacent streams was weakly correlated with centrarchid assemblage structure and correlated only with a small number of species. Lake area did not appear to affect centrarchid assemblages. Recognition that land cover has the strongest correlation with centrarchid assemblage composition suggests a landscape basis for developing management plans. However, conservation and restoration of native centrarchid assemblages in these unique ecosystems will require both watershed management to curtail inputs and in-lake management to reverse years of neglect. Received July 13, 2012; accepted October 15, 2012 C1 [Alfermann, T. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Coll Forest Resources, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mississippi State University; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Vicksburg District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through K. J. Killgore, Mississippi State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank N. Aycock, D. Dembkowski, J. Dagel, R. Krogman, S. Miyazono, C. Steffen, and S. Wigen for assistance with field work and D. Dembkowski, M. Quist, and D. Shoup for helpful reviews of earlier drafts of the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.741553 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900001 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Deweber, JT Detar, J Sweka, JA AF Wagner, Tyler Deweber, Jefferson T. Detar, Jason Sweka, John A. TI Landscape-Scale Evaluation of Asymmetric Interactions between Brown Trout and Brook Trout Using Two-Species Occupancy Models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MINNESOTA STREAM; UNITED-STATES; FISH; IMPACTS; INVASION AB Predicting the distribution of native stream fishes is fundamental to the management and conservation of many species. Modeling species distributions often consists of quantifying relationships between species occurrence and abundance data at known locations with environmental data at those locations. However, it is well documented that native stream fish distributions can be altered as a result of asymmetric interactions between dominant exotic and subordinate native species. For example, the naturalized exotic Brown Trout Salmo trutta has been identified as a threat to native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the eastern United States. To evaluate large-scale patterns of co-occurrence and to quantify the potential effects of Brown Trout presence on Brook Trout occupancy, we used data from 624 stream sites to fit two-species occupancy models. These models assumed that asymmetric interactions occurred between the two species. In addition, we examined natural and anthropogenic landscape characteristics we hypothesized would be important predictors of occurrence of both species. Estimated occupancy for Brook Trout, from a co-occurrence model with no landscape covariates, at sites with Brown Trout present was substantially lower than sites where Brown Trout were absent. We also observed opposing patterns for Brook and Brown Trout occurrence in relation to percentage forest, impervious surface, and agriculture within the network catchment. Our results are consistent with other studies and suggest that alterations to the landscape, and specifically the transition from a forested catchment to one that contains impervious surface or agriculture, reduces the occurrence probability of wild Brook Trout. Our results, however, also suggest that the presence of Brown Trout results in lower occurrence probability of Brook Trout over a range of anthropogenic landscape characteristics, compared with streams where Brown Trout were absent. Received June 20, 2012; accepted September 25, 2012 C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Deweber, Jefferson T.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Detar, Jason] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu OI DeWeber, Jefferson/0000-0001-5840-8488 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.734892 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900004 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GR Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Warner, DM Claramunt, RM AF Jacobs, Gregory R. Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Warner, David M. Claramunt, Randall M. TI Chinook Salmon Foraging Patterns in a Changing Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; TAG RECOVERIES; HURON; PREY; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Since Pacific salmon stocking began in Lake Michigan, managers have attempted to maintain salmon abundance at high levels within what can be sustained by available prey fishes, primarily Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are the primary apex predators in pelagic Lake Michigan and patterns in their prey selection (by species and size) may strongly influence pelagic prey fish communities in any given year. In 19941996, there were larger Alewives, relatively more abundant alternative prey species, fewer Chinook Salmon, and fewer invasive species in Lake Michigan than in 20092010. The years 20092010 were instead characterized by smaller, leaner Alewives, fewer alternative prey species, higher abundance of Chinook Salmon, a firmly established nonnative benthic community, and reduced abundance of Diporeia, an important food of Lake Michigan prey fish. We characterized Chinook Salmon diets, prey species selectivity, and prey size selectivity between 19941996 and 20092010 time periods. In 19941996, Alewife as prey represented a smaller percentage of Chinook Salmon diets than in 20092010, when alewife comprised over 90% of Chinook Salmon diets, possibly due to declines in alternative prey fish populations. The size of Alewives eaten by Chinook Salmon also decreased between these two time periods. For the largest Chinook Salmon in 20092010, the average size of Alewife prey was nearly 50mm total length shorter than in 19941996. We suggest that changes in the Lake Michigan food web, such as the decline in Diporeia, may have contributed to the relatively low abundance of large Alewives during the late 2000s by heightening the effect of predation from top predators like Chinook Salmon, which have retained a preference for Alewife and now forage with greater frequency on smaller Alewives. Received March 24, 2012; accepted October 1, 2012 C1 [Jacobs, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.; Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Claramunt, Randall M.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. RP Jacobs, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, 227 Washington Ave,POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM gregory_jacobs@fws.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.739981 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900005 ER PT J AU Recsetar, MS Bonar, SA AF Recsetar, Matthew S. Bonar, Scott A. TI Survival of Apache Trout Eggs and Alevins under Static and Fluctuating Temperature Regimes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; BROOK TROUT; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; SALMON; TOLERANCE; FISHES; SYSTEM; TIME AB Increased stream temperatures due to global climate change, livestock grazing, removal of riparian cover, reduction of stream flow, and urbanization will have important implications for fishes worldwide. Information exists that describes the effects of elevated water temperatures on fish eggs, but less information is available on the effects of fluctuating water temperatures on egg survival, especially those of threatened and endangered species. We tested the posthatch survival of eyed eggs and alevins of Apache Trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache, a threatened salmonid, in static temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 degrees C, and also in treatments with diel fluctuations of +/- 3 degrees C around those temperatures. The LT50 for posthatch survival of Apache Trout eyed eggs and alevins was 17.1 degrees C for static temperatures treatments and 17.9 degrees C for the midpoints of +/- 3 degrees C fluctuating temperature treatments. There was no significant difference in survival between static temperatures and fluctuating temperatures that shared the same mean temperature, yet there was a slight difference in LT50s. Upper thermal tolerance of Apache Trout eyed eggs and alevins is much lower than that of fry to adult life stages (2223 degrees C). Information on thermal tolerance of early life stages (eyed egg and alevin) will be valuable to those restoring streams or investigating thermal tolerances of imperiled fishes. Received December 1, 2011; accepted October 12, 2012 C1 [Recsetar, Matthew S.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 104 Biosci East, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu FU University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee procedures [10-146] FX We thank the staffs at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Williams Creek-Alchesay National Fish Hatchery and the AZGFD Tonto Creek Fish Hatchery, in particular Phil Hines (USFWS) and John Diehl (AZGFD) for coordinating acquisition of the Apache Trout eggs from those hatcheries. We also thank Kelly Meyer and Scott Gurtin from AZGFD for their help in facilitating the use of the eggs. In addition, we thank Colleen Caldwell from the U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Amy Unthank from the U.S. Forest Service; Jeremy Voeltz, Stewart Jacks, and Paul Barrett from the USFWS; and Julie Carter and Mike Lopez from the AZGFD for project advice and collaboration. Olin Feuerbacher, University of Arizona, provided laboratory assistance and experimental advice, and Gaylen Bennett and Jeff Bliznick, University of Arizona, assisted with laboratory logistics. Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was conducted under University of Arizona Animal Care and Use Committee procedures under project number 10-146. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.741551 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900006 ER PT J AU Herbst, SJ Marsden, JE Lantry, BF AF Herbst, Seth J. Marsden, J. Ellen Lantry, Brian F. TI Lake Whitefish Diet, Condition, and Energy Density in Lake Champlain and the Lower Four Great Lakes following Dreissenid Invasions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; MICHIGAN; HURON; POPULATIONS; POLYMORPHA; MECHANISMS; ONTARIO; BENTHOS; GROWTH AB Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis support some of the most valuable commercial freshwater fisheries in North America. Recent growth and condition decreases in Lake Whitefish populations in the Great Lakes have been attributed to the invasion of the dreissenid mussels, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussels D.bugensis, and the subsequent collapse of the amphipod, Diporeia, a once-abundant high energy prey source. Since 1993, Lake Champlain has also experienced the invasion and proliferation of zebra mussels, but in contrast to the Great Lakes, Diporeia were not historically abundant. We compared the diet, condition, and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain after the dreissenid mussel invasion to values for those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Lake Whitefish were collected using gill nets and bottom trawls, and their diets were quantified seasonally. Condition was estimated using Fulton's condition factor (K) and by determining energy density. In contrast to Lake Whitefish from some of the Great Lakes, those from Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish did not show a dietary shift towards dreissenid mussels, but instead fed primarily on fish eggs in spring, Mysis diluviana in summer, and gastropods and sphaeriids in fall and winter. Along with these dietary differences, the condition and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain were high compared with those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario after the dreissenid invasion, and were similar to Lake Whitefish from Lake Erie; fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario consumed dreissenids, whereas fish from Lake Erie did not. Our comparisons of Lake Whitefish populations in Lake Champlain to those in the Great Lakes indicate that diet and condition of Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish were not negatively affected by the dreissenid mussel invasion. Received March 15, 2012; accepted November 5, 2012 C1 [Herbst, Seth J.; Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Lantry, Brian F.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Marsden, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM ellen.marsden@uvm.edu FU NOAA FX We thank Mark Ebener (Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority), Tim Johnson, Jim Hoyle, and Lloyd Mohr (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), Chuck Madenjian and Steve Pothoven (U. S. Geological Survey, Ann Arbor, Michigan) for providing their unpublished Lake Whitefish data from the Great Lakes. We give special thanks to Ted Strang (U. S. Geological Survey, Oswego, New York) for sample processing and assistance with the bomb calorimeter. We also thank Steve Smith, Elias Rosenblatt, Neil Thompson, Josh Ashline, Kevin Osantowski, Lindsay Schwarting, and Joanna Hatt for assistance in the field and laboratory, and Richard Furbush, Joe Bartlett, and Rebecca Gorney for assistance with fish collection. Ruth Mickey and Alan Howard provided statistical advice. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA through the Lake Champlain Sea Grant Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This article is Contribution 1724 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 57 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.747991 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900008 ER PT J AU Friedl, SE Buckel, JA Hightower, JE Scharf, FS Pollock, KH AF Friedl, Sarah E. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Hightower, Joseph E. Scharf, Fred S. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI Telemetry-Based Mortality Estimates of Juvenile Spot in Two North Carolina Estuarine Creeks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; NATURAL MORTALITY; STRIPED BASS; FISHING MORTALITY; NURSERY AREAS; TIDAL CREEKS; MARINE FISH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB We estimated natural mortality rates (M) of age-1 Spot Leiostomus xanthurus by using a sonic telemetry approach. Sonic transmitters were surgically implanted into a total of 123 age-1 Spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks during spring 2009 and 2010, and the fish were monitored by using a stationary acoustic receiver array and manual tracking. Fates of telemetered Spot were inferred based on telemetry information from estimated locations and swimming speeds. Potential competitors of age-1 Spot were assessed through simultaneous otter trawl sampling, while potential predators of Spot were collected using gill nets and trammel nets. The number of inferred natural mortalities was zero in 2009 (based on 29 telemetered Spot at risk) and four in 2010 (based on 52 fish at risk), with fish being at risk for up to about 70 d each year. Catches of potential competitors or predators did not differ between years, and age-1 Spot were not found in analyzed stomach contents of potential predators. Our estimated 30-d M of 0.03 (95% credible interval = 0.010.07) was lower than that predicted from weight-based (M = 0.07) and life-history-based (M = 0.060.36) estimates. Our field-based estimate of M for age-1 Spot in this estuarine system can assist in the assessment and management of Spot by allowing a direct comparison with M-values predicted from fish size or life history characteristics. The field telemetry and statistical analysis techniques developed here provide guidance for future telemetry studies of relatively small fish in open, dynamic habitat systems, as they highlight strengths and weaknesses of using a telemetry approach to estimate M. Received November 23, 2011; accepted September 11, 2012 C1 [Friedl, Sarah E.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Scharf, Fred S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Friedl, SE (reprint author), Univ Florida, North Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM sefriedl@ufl.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant [R/MRD-57, R/10-HCE-1]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank all of the field personnel who assisted with the data collection and analysis, especially Tyler Averett, Cheston Peterson, Paul Rudershausen, Joe Facendola, Jon Vanderfleet, Ben Kornegay, and Melissa Brewer. We are grateful to Craig Harms, Eric Anderson, and Betsy Stringer for Spot surgical guidance and advice and to Craig Sullivan, Andrew McGinty, and Mike Hopper (Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory) for their assistance with and facility use for the Striped Bass experiment. We also thank Nate Bacheler and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and critical reviews of this manuscript. Funding was provided by North Carolina Sea Grant (R/MRD-57 and R/10-HCE-1). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.730108 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900009 ER PT J AU Allen, MS Rogers, MW Catalano, MJ Gwinn, DC Walsh, SJ AF Allen, Michael S. Rogers, Mark W. Catalano, Matthew J. Gwinn, Daniel C. Walsh, Stephen J. TI Assessing the Potential for the Angling of Nesting Males to Influence Largemouth Bass Recruitment Should Consider the Quality of Nesting Individuals: Response to Comment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; POPULATION; SUCCESS; SIZE C1 [Allen, Michael S.; Rogers, Mark W.; Catalano, Matthew J.; Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Walsh, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 North West 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM msal@ufl.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.730112 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900011 ER PT J AU O'Malley, KG Markle, DF Ardren, WR AF O'Malley, Kathleen G. Markle, Douglas F. Ardren, William R. TI Timing of Population Fragmentation in a Vulnerable Minnow, the Umpqua Chub, and the Role of Nonnative Predators SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION QUANTILES; OREGON CHUB; CONSERVATION; GENETICS; RIVER; PROGRAM; NUMBER AB We examined the distribution of Umpqua Chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti, an endemic, vulnerable minnow in western Oregon, and whether six ecological populations (based on distribution patterns) had sufficient genetic cohesion to be considered evolutionary populations. We also evaluated the influence of Holocene geological events and recent nonnative predator introductions on the timing of population formation or fragmentation. Based on data from 10 microsatellite loci, we found evidence for four evolutionary populations of Umpqua Chub. One population, in the Smith River, is isolated by the Umpqua estuary and is more than 100 river kilometers from the other three populations: Elk Creek, Calapooya CreekOlalla Creek, and Cow CreekSouth Umpqua River. Quantile regression was used to examine the timing of genetic divergence among evolutionary populations assuming a genetic isolation-by-distance model. The quantile regression suggested that the genetic differentiation index (F ST) should change by at least 0.0002/km; most fragmentation was recent and with similar timing, but the Smith River isolation event may have been about 24times older. We could not distinguish whether the timing of the Smith River isolation corresponded to the last major tsunami event or the introduction of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, a likely predator. All population fragmentation appears to be relatively recent, with the three upstream populations restricted to third- and fourth-order streams, most likely fragmented by either nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, which now dominate sixth-order streams, or in the case of Elk Creek, a dam. The mid-drainage CalapooyaOlalla population was the most genetically diverse and appeared to be a mix of the other populations, which showed a significant isolation-by-distance relationship to this population. We hypothesize that Umpqua Chub populations have formed and fragmented by peripheral isolation from a larger population, the remnant of which is the mid-drainage CalapooyaOlalla population. Received April 20, 2012; accepted August 25, 2012 C1 [O'Malley, Kathleen G.] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Markle, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 Southeast Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kathleen.omalley@oregonstate.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [13420-9-J907, E-2-54]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW); Oregon State University (OSU) FX Authorization to collect samples was permitted under OR2007-4043P, Oregon State University Institutional Animal Care and Use permit 3407, and 4-d take permit 14762. Funding was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Grants 13420-9-J907 and E-2-54, along with in-kind match from Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Oregon State University (OSU). Funding for this work was initiated by Pete Baki (ODFW). Dave Simon (OSU) was instrumental in maintaining long-term interest in monitoring these fish. Holly Huchko (ODFW) and David Simon (OSU) led sampling efforts with field assistance from Caulder Lonie, Kalene Onikama, Jay Potter, Jonathan Pender, Jeff Young, Brian Jenkins, and Laura Jackson. Mark Terwilliger aged the fish, and Brian Bangs helped with the stream-order analysis. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.728166 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900014 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Liller, HL AF Welsh, Stuart A. Liller, Heather L. TI Environmental Correlates of Upstream Migration of Yellow-Phase American Eels in the Potomac River Drainage SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA LESUEUR; RHODE-ISLAND; ST-LAWRENCE; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; VIRGINIA; ESTUARY; STREAMS; MODELS AB Assessing the relationships between upstream migration and environmental variables is important to understanding the ecology of yellow-phase American Eels Anguilla rostrata. During an American Eel migration study within the lower Shenandoah River (Potomac River drainage), we counted and measured American Eels at the Millville Dam eel ladder for three periods: 14 May23 July 2004, 730 September 2004, and 1 June31 July 2005. Using generalized estimating equations, we modeled each time series of daily American Eel counts by fitting time-varying environmental covariates of lunar illumination (LI), river discharge (RD), and water temperature (WT), including 1-d and 2-d lags of each covariate. Information-theoretic approaches were used for model selection and inference. A total of 4,847 American Eels (1974cm total length) used the ladder during the three periods, including 2,622 individuals during a 2-d span following a hurricane-induced peak in river discharge. Additive-effects models of RD + WT, a 2-d lag of LI + RD, and LI + RD were supported for the three periods, respectively. Parameter estimates were positive for river discharge for each time period, negative for lunar illumination for two periods and positive for water temperature during one period. Additive-effects models supported synergistic influences of environmental variables on the upstream migration of yellow-phase American Eels, although river discharge was consistently supported as an influential correlate of upstream migration. Received May 30, 2012; accepted November 20, 2012 C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Liller, Heather L.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu FU Allegheny Energy Supply; Electric Power Research Institute; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources FX We thank K. Bledsoe, K. Hartman, and P. Mazik for manuscript reviews. Many people assisted with this project, including M. Braham, R. Braham, D. Dixon, G. Harbaugh, C. Horn, B. Lenz, L. Osier, K. Sheehan, and C. Simons. Funding was provided by Allegheny Energy Supply, Electric Power Research Institute, and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. The use of trade names or the mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.754788 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900017 ER PT J AU Mychek-Londer, JG Bunnell, DB Stott, W Diana, JS French, JRP Chriscinske, MA AF Mychek-Londer, Justin G. Bunnell, David B. Stott, Wendylee Diana, James S. French, John R. P., III Chriscinske, Margret A. TI Using Diets to Reveal Overlap and Egg Predation among Benthivorous Fishes in Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROUND GOBY; MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; COTTUS-COGNATUS; SLIMY SCULPIN; PISCIVOROUS FISHES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB Ecological stability in the Laurentian Great Lakes has been altered by nonindigenous species, such as the Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and dreissenid mussels, and by declines in native amphipods Diporeia spp. We evaluated whether these changes could influence diet overlap between three benthivorous fishes (Slimy Sculpin Cottus cognatus, Deepwater Sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, and Round Goby) and whether predation on eggs of native species was occurring. We examined diets of fish collected at depths of 69128m in Lake Michigan offshore of Frankfort and Muskegon, Michigan, and Two Rivers and Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, during JanuaryMay 2009 and 2010. Important prey (by dry weight proportion and by percent frequency of occurrence) for Slimy Sculpin were Mysis (0.34; 45%), Diporeia (0.16; 34%), and Limnocalanus macrurus (0.22; 68%); important prey for Deepwater Sculpin were Mysis (0.74; 92%) and Diporeia (0.16; 54%). Round Goby consumed mainly bivalves (i.e., dreissenids: 0.68; 95%) and Mysis (0.15; 37%). The two sculpin species consumed the eggs of Bloaters Coregonus hoyi (Slimy Sculpin: 0.04, 11%; Deepwater Sculpin: 0.02, 7%) and the eggs of Deepwater Sculpin (Slimy Sculpin: 0.03, 13%; Deepwater Sculpin: 0.05, 16%) during FebruaryMay at all sites. Round Goby also consumed eggs of these species but at lower levels (0.01; <1%). Diet overlap was identified between sculpin species at Frankfort and Sturgeon Bay, suggesting possible interspecific competition, but their diets did not overlap at Two Rivers; diet overlap was never observed between Round Goby and either sculpin species. Given that (1) diet overlap varied by site and (2) diet proportions varied spatially more than temporally, benthivores appear to be exhibiting localized responses to recent ecological changes. Overall, these results reveal that egg predation and interspecific competition could be important interactions to consider in future examinations of the population dynamics of these species or in ecosystem models that forecast how fisheries will respond to possible perturbations or management scenarios. Received April 24, 2012; accepted November 23, 2012 C1 [Mychek-Londer, Justin G.; Diana, James S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bunnell, David B.; Stott, Wendylee; French, John R. P., III; Chriscinske, Margret A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Mychek-Londer, JG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jglonder@gmail.com OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and by the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. We appreciate assistance provided by Vincent Belill, Mark Rogers, Kevin Keeler, Betsy Puchala, Greg Jacobs, Lynn Ogilvie, Bruce Davis, Dave Bennion, and Barbara Diana. We thank the dedicated crews of the RV Grayling and RV Sturgeon as well as the Susie Q Commercial Fishery staff for their assistance in fish collection during winter and spring. We also thank Steven Pothoven for providing sculpins from Muskegon. This article is Contribution 1730 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 109 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.756431 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900018 ER PT J AU Nekola, JC Allen, CD Brown, JH Burger, JR Davidson, AD Fristoe, TS Hamilton, MJ Hammond, ST Kodric-Brown, A Mercado-Silva, N Okie, JG AF Nekola, Jeffrey C. Allen, Craig D. Brown, James H. Burger, Joseph R. Davidson, Ana D. Fristoe, Trevor S. Hamilton, Marcus J. Hammond, Sean T. Kodric-Brown, Astrid Mercado-Silva, Norman Okie, Jordan G. TI The Malthusian-Darwinian dynamic and the trajectory of civilization SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE resource limitation; behavioral constraints; sustainability science; macroecology; evolutionary biology ID POPULATION; COMMONS AB Two interacting forces influence all populations: the Malthusian dynamic of exponential growth until resource limits are reached, and the Darwinian dynamic of innovation and adaptation to circumvent these limits through biological and/or cultural evolution. The specific manifestations of these forces in modern human society provide an important context for determining how humans can establish a sustainable relationship with the finite Earth. C1 [Nekola, Jeffrey C.; Brown, James H.; Burger, Joseph R.; Davidson, Ana D.; Fristoe, Trevor S.; Hamilton, Marcus J.; Hammond, Sean T.; Kodric-Brown, Astrid; Mercado-Silva, Norman; Okie, Jordan G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brown, James H.; Hamilton, Marcus J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Davidson, Ana D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hamilton, Marcus J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mercado-Silva, Norman] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Okie, Jordan G.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Nekola, JC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jnekola@unm.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2012.12.001 PG 4 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 106QS UT WOS:000316160400001 PM 23290501 ER PT J AU Cao, XY Birdwell, JE Chappell, MA Li, Y Pignatello, JJ Mao, JD AF Cao, Xiaoyan Birdwell, Justin E. Chappell, Mark A. Li, Yuan Pignatello, Joseph J. Mao, Jingdong TI Characterization of oil shale, isolated kerogen, and postpyrolysis residues using advanced C-13 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL MATURATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MAS NMR; PYROLYSIS; CARBON; DEGRADATION; MATTER AB Characterization of oil shale kerogen and organic residues remaining in postpyrolysis spent shale is critical to the understanding of the oil generation process and approaches to dealing with issues related to spent shale. The chemical structure of organic matter in raw oil shale and spent shale samples was examined in this study using advanced solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Oil shale was collected from Mahogany zone outcrops in the Piceance Basin. Five samples were analyzed: (1) raw oil shale, (2) isolated kerogen, (3) oil shale extracted with chloroform, (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500 degrees C to mimic surface retorting, and (5) oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360 degrees C to simulate in-situ retorting. The NMR methods applied included quantitative direct polarization with magic-angle spinning at 13 kHz, cross polarization with total sideband suppression, dipolar dephasing, CHn selection, C-13 chemical shift anisotropy filtering, and H-1-C-13 long-range recoupled dipolar dephasing. The NMR results showed that, relative to the raw oil shale, (1) bitumen extraction and kerogen isolation by demineralization removed some oxygen-containing and alkyl moieties; (2) unpyrolyzed samples had low aromatic condensation; (3) oil shale pyrolysis removed aliphatic moieties, leaving behind residues enriched in aromatic carbon; and (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500 degrees C contained larger aromatic clusters and more protonated aromatic moieties than oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360 degrees C, which contained more total aromatic carbon with a wide range of cluster sizes. C1 [Cao, Xiaoyan; Li, Yuan; Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chappell, Mark A.] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Pignatello, Joseph J.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Cao, XY (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM xcao@odu.edu; jbirdwell@usgs.gov; mark.a.chappell@usace.army.mil; yxxli001@odu.edu; joseph.pignatello@ct.gov; jmao@odu.edu RI Cao, Xiaoyan/E-3492-2012; OI Cao, Xiaoyan/0000-0001-7571-6482; Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0853950, CBET-0853682] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (CBET-0853950 and CBET-0853682) for financial support. We also thank the following colleagues for their assistance with the various experimental aspects of this work: Mike Lewan (ISS pyrolysis experiments, kerogen isolation, and sample collection) and Ron Hill (sample collection). The results presented in the manuscript were first publicized at the 28th Annual Meeting of The Society for Organic Petrology held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, July 31 to August 4, 2011. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 97 IS 3 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1306/09101211189 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 100ZS UT WOS:000315745100004 ER PT J AU Keshtpoor, M Puleo, JA Gebert, J Plant, NG AF Keshtpoor, Mohammad Puleo, Jack A. Gebert, Jeffrey Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Beach response to a fixed sand bypassing system SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHORELINE VARIABILITY; DOWNDRIFT EROSION; INLET; EVOLUTION AB Indian River Inlet is located at roughly the mid-point of the Atlantic coast of Delaware and connects the ocean to two Delaware inland bays. jetties constructed in 1940 have maintained the inlet for navigation purposes but have also acted as a barrier to net northerly alongshore sediment transport causing downdrift erosion. A mobile, land-based bypassing system was initiated in 1990 in an effort to counteract this erosion. Beach profile data from 1985 (pre-bypassing) until 2008 are used to investigate the effect of the sand bypassing system on beaches adjacent to the inlet. The downdrift beach experienced horizontal shoreline erosion between 10 and 60 m during the pre-bypassing period but accreted 10-20 m during the bypassing period. The mean shoreline location on the updrift beach during bypassing is 10-20 m landward (erosion) of its position during the pre-bypassing period. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) amplitudes from analyses performed on mean-removed elevation surfaces during the periods of highest bypassed volume (average of 83% of design rate) showed that the influence of the bypassing system on the downdrift beach extends to about 1500 m of the inlet. An EOF analysis showed that different morphologic responses were evident following the initiation of bypass operations. Temporal variations of shoreline and beach morphology were correlated to the temporal variations in bypassing rates on the downdrift beach only. The downdrift beach response was greatest near the inlet for larger bypassing volumes. Correlation in these instances occurred with a roughly 1-year time lag suggesting that the beach quickly redistributes the bypassed sand. EOF amplitude and shoreline response are weakly correlated to bypassed volumes when the system bypassed smaller volumes (average of 56% of design rate) of sand suggesting that there is a minimum bypassing rate, regardless of yearly variability, below which the effect on the downdrift beach is obscured. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keshtpoor, Mohammad; Puleo, Jack A.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gebert, Jeffrey] USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Planning Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Keshtpoor, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mkesht@udel.edu; jpuleo@udel.edu; Jeffrey.A.Gebert@usace.army.mil; nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control; University of Delaware; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Department of Commerce [R/ETE-14] FX This work was funded by the Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the University of Delaware. Additional funds were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Department of Commerce under award number R/ETE-14. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. We thank two reviewers that provided detailed comments to improve the clarity of this paper. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 73 BP 28 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.09.006 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 099IO UT WOS:000315614900004 ER PT J AU Waldman, JR King, T Savoy, T Maceda, L Grunwald, C Wirgin, I AF Waldman, John R. King, Tim Savoy, Tom Maceda, Lorraine Grunwald, Cheryl Wirgin, Isaac TI Stock Origins of Subadult and Adult Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, in a Non-natal Estuary, Long Island Sound SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic sturgeon; Anadromous; Estuary; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellites; Mixed-stock analysis ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONNECTICUT WATERS; GULF STURGEON; HABITAT USE; NEW-YORK; MICROSATELLITE; RIVER; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; COAST AB The anadromous acipenserid Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus was listed in 2012 under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as having four endangered and one threatened distinct population segment (DPS) in American waters. Anthropogenic activities outside of natal estuaries, particularly bycatch, may hinder the abilities of some populations to rebuild. Most Atlantic sturgeon are residential for their first 2-6 years within their natal estuaries, whereas older subadults and adults may migrate to non-natal estuaries and coastal locations. Previous studies demonstrated that subadults and adults aggregate during summer at locations in Long Island Sound (LIS) and its tributary, the Connecticut River; however, the population origin of these fish is unknown. Because of its geographic proximity and relatively robust population, we hypothesized that the LIS and Connecticut River aggregations were almost solely derived from the Hudson River. We used microsatellite nuclear DNA analysis at 11 loci and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analyses to estimate the relative contributions of nine Atlantic sturgeon populations and the five DPS to these aggregations using individual-based assignment tests and mixed-stock analysis. From 64 to 73 % of specimens from LIS were estimated to be of Hudson origin. Similarly, 66-76 % of specimens from the Connecticut River were of Hudson origin. However, moderate numbers of specimens were detected from distant spawning populations in the southeastern DPS and from two populations once thought to be extirpated or nearly so, the James River (6-7.3 %), and the Delaware River (7.6-12 %). Additionally, specimens were detected from all five DPS in both the LIS and Connecticut River collections. These results highlight the difficulty of evaluating the status of individual Atlantic sturgeon populations because of the propensity of subadults and adults to migrate for extended duration to distant sites where they may be vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. C1 [Waldman, John R.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [King, Tim] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Savoy, Tom] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Marine Fisheries Div, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Maceda, Lorraine; Grunwald, Cheryl; Wirgin, Isaac] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM Isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org FU New York Sea Grant [R/XG-20]; Northeast Region of NOAA Fisheries; Molecular Facilities Core of NIEHS Center [ES00260]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center FX We acknowledge support of grant no. R/XG-20 from New York Sea Grant, the Northeast Region of NOAA Fisheries, the Molecular Facilities Core of NIEHS Center Grant ES00260, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a State Wildlife Grant to the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Marine Fisheries Division, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9573-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000003 ER PT J AU Morgan-King, TL Schoellhamer, DH AF Morgan-King, Tara L. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Suspended-Sediment Flux and Retention in a Backwater Tidal Slough Complex near the Landward Boundary of an Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Suspended sediment; Sediment transport; Turbidity; Sediment retention; Tidal asymmetry; Tidal slough ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; ZEALAND LOWLAND STREAM; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TAMAR ESTUARY; TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; WATER; PATTERNS AB Backwater tidal sloughs are commonly found at the landward boundary of estuaries. The Cache Slough complex is a backwater tidal region within the Upper Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that includes two features that are relevant for resource managers: (1) relatively high abundance of the endangered fish, delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), which prefers turbid water and (2) a recently flooded shallow island, Liberty Island, that is a prototype for habitat restoration. We characterized the turbidity around Liberty Island by measuring suspended-sediment flux at four locations from July 2008 through December 2010. An estuarine turbidity maximum in the backwater Cache Slough complex is created by tidal asymmetry, a limited tidal excursion, and wind-wave resuspension. During the study, there was a net export of sediment, though sediment accumulates within the region from landward tidal transport during the dry season. Sediment is continually resuspended by both wind waves and flood tide currents. The suspended-sediment mass oscillates within the region until winter freshwater flow pulses flush it seaward. The hydrodynamic characteristics within the backwater region such as low freshwater flow during the dry season, flood tide dominance, and a limited tidal excursion favor sediment retention. C1 [Morgan-King, Tara L.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Morgan-King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall 6000J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM tamorgan@usgs.gov FU Interagency Ecological Program FX We would like to thank those who helped collect this data: Paul Buchanan, Mike Farber, Jessica Wood, Amber Forest, Robert Wilson, and Daniel Whealdon-Haught. We are also grateful for the collaboration with California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento for this work (also providing discharge for UCS) with funding provided by the Interagency Ecological Program. We also appreciate the cooperation of the Solano County Water Agency. We thank Ted Sommer, Neil Ganju, Dr. Johnson U. Kitheka and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 300 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9574-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000006 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Foreword to the Special Issue on Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] STAR NESDIS NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2240331 PN 1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900001 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Overview of Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; comparison; constellations; correction; cross-calibration; Earth Observing (EO) System; infrared; intercalibration; international collaboration; microwave; monitoring; radiometric calibration; reflective solar band (RSB); satellite; satellites; thermal infrared; traceability; validation; visible ID IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE BIASES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION AB Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes in the Earth's environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and monitoring climate and land cover change. These applications use data from many satellites; for the data to be interoperable, the instruments must be cross-calibrated. To meet the stringent needs of such applications, instruments must provide reliable, accurate, and consistent measurements over time. Robust techniques are required to ensure that observations from different instruments can be normalized to a common scale that the community agrees on. The long-term reliability of this process needs to be sustained in accordance with established reference standards and best practices. Furthermore, establishing physical meaning to the information through robust Systeme International d'unites traceable calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is essential to fully understand the parameters under observation. The processes of calibration, correction, stability monitoring, and quality assurance need to be underpinned and evidenced by comparison with "peer instruments" and, ideally, highly calibrated in-orbit reference instruments. Intercalibration between instruments is a central pillar of the Cal/Val strategies of many national and international satellite remote sensing organizations. Intercalibration techniques as outlined in this paper not only provide a practical means of identifying and correcting relative biases in radiometric calibration between instruments but also enable potential data gaps between measurement records in a critical time series to be bridged. Use of a robust set of internationally agreed upon and coordinated inter-calibration techniques will lead to significant improvement in the consistency between satellite instruments and facilitate accurate monitoring of the Earth's climate at uncertainty levels needed to detect and attribute the mechanisms of change. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of postlaunch radiometric calibration of remote sensing satellite instruments through intercalibration. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the National Metrology Institutes. NR 241 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1056 EP 1080 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228654 PN 1 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900002 ER PT J AU Kessler, PD Killough, BD Gowda, S Williams, BR Chander, G Qu, M AF Kessler, Paul D. Killough, Brian D. Gowda, Sanjay Williams, Brian R. Chander, Gyanesh Qu, Min TI CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE) Tool for Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Acquisition; calibration; CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE); Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS); coincident ground observation; Google; iPad; iPhone; satellites; Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4); Systems Tool Kit (STK); swath; Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) AB Increasingly, data from multiple instruments are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Intercalibration, comparison, and coordination of satellite instrument coverage areas is a critical effort of international and domestic space agencies and organizations. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Visualization Environment (COVE) is a suite of browser-based applications that leverage Google Earth to display past, present, and future satellite instrument coverage areas and coincident calibration opportunities. This forecasting and ground coverage analysis and visualization capability greatly benefits the remote sensing calibration community in preparation for multisatellite ground calibration campaigns or individual satellite calibration studies. COVE has been developed for use by a broad international community to improve the efficiency and efficacy of such calibration planning efforts, whether those efforts require past, present, or future predictions. This paper provides a brief overview of the COVE tool, its validation, accuracies, and limitations with emphasis on the applicability of this visualization tool for supporting ground field campaigns and intercalibration of satellite instruments. C1 [Kessler, Paul D.; Gowda, Sanjay; Williams, Brian R.; Qu, Min] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Killough, Brian D.] NASA, Comm Earth Observat Satellites Syst Engn Off, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Kessler, PD (reprint author), Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM P.Kessler@ama-inc.com; Brian.D.Killough@nasa.gov; Gowda@ama-inc.com; B.Williams@ama-inc.com; gchander@usgs.gov; MinQu@ama-inc.com FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was performed under U.S. Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1081 EP 1087 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2235841 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900003 ER PT J AU Stone, TC Rossow, WB Ferrier, J Hinkelman, LM AF Stone, Thomas C. Rossow, William B. Ferrier, Joseph Hinkelman, Laura M. TI Evaluation of ISCCP Multisatellite Radiance Calibration for Geostationary Imager Visible Channels Using the Moon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Moon; radiometry; remote sensing ID CLOUD-CLIMATOLOGY-PROJECT; AVHRR; RADIOMETER; SURFACE; PATH AB Since 1983, the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) has collected Earth radiance data from the succession of geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellites operated by weather agencies worldwide. Meeting the ISCCP goals of global coverage and decade-length time scales requires consistent and stable calibration of the participating satellites. For the geostationary imager visible channels, ISCCP calibration provides regular periodic updates from regressions of radiances measured from coincident and collocated observations taken by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments. As an independent check of the temporal stability and intersatellite consistency of ISCCP calibrations, we have applied lunar calibration techniques to geostationary imager visible channels using images of the Moon found in the ISCCP data archive. Lunar calibration enables using the reflected light from the Moon as a stable and consistent radiometric reference. Although the technique has general applicability, limitations of the archived image data have restricted the current study to Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite series. The results of this lunar analysis confirm that ISCCP calibration exhibits negligible temporal trends in sensor response but have revealed apparent relative biases between the satellites at various levels. However, these biases amount to differences of only a few percent in measured absolute reflectances. Since the lunar analysis examines only the lower end of the radiance range, the results suggest that the ISCCP calibration regression approach does not precisely determine the intercept or the zero-radiance response level. We discuss the impact of these findings on the development of consistent calibration for multisatellite global data sets. C1 [Stone, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ferrier, Joseph] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hinkelman, Laura M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tstone@usgs.gov; wbrossow@ccny.cuny.edu; joe@ferrier.com; laurahin@u.washington.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Hinkelman, Laura/L-8964-2016 OI Hinkelman, Laura/0000-0001-6477-9648 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AJ80G]; NASA [NNX08AL79A] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Research Program under Interagency Agreement NNX08AJ80G and in part by the NASA Earth Science Data Systems Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments Program under Contract NNX08AL79A. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1255 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2237520 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900019 ER PT J AU Chander, G Mishra, N Helder, DL Aaron, DB Angal, A Choi, T Xiong, XX Doelling, DR AF Chander, Gyanesh Mishra, Nischal Helder, Dennis L. Aaron, David B. Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung Xiong, Xiaoxiong Doelling, David R. TI Applications of Spectral Band Adjustment Factors (SBAF) for Cross-Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion; Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); radiometric cross-calibration; relative spectral response (RSR); spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs); Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ID OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; TERRA MODIS; LANDSAT-7 ETM+; PERFORMANCE; SCIAMACHY; SAHARAN; SITES; TM AB To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface acquired from multiple space-borne imaging sensors. However, an integrated global observation framework requires an understanding of how land surface processes are seen differently by various sensors. This is particularly true for sensors acquiring data in spectral bands whose relative spectral responses (RSRs) are not similar and thus may produce different results while observing the same target. The intrinsic offsets between two sensors caused by RSR mismatches can be compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of the two sensors. The motivation of this work comes from the need to compensate the spectral response differences of multispectral sensors in order to provide a more accurate cross-calibration between the sensors. In this paper, radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors was performed using near-simultaneous observations over the Libya 4 pseudoinvariant calibration site in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The RSR differences of the analogous ETM+ and MODIS spectral bands provide the opportunity to explore, understand, quantify, and compensate for the measurement differences between these two sensors. The cross-calibration was initially performed by comparing the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances between the two sensors over their lifetimes. The average percent differences in the long-term trends ranged from -5% to + 6%. The RSR compensated ETM+ TOA reflectance (ETM+*) measurements were then found to agree with MODIS TOA reflectance to within 5% for all bands when Earth Observing-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data were used to produce the SBAFs. These differences were later reduced to within 1% for all bands (except band 2) by using Environmental Satellite Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography hyperspectral data to produce the SBAFs. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mishra, Nischal; Helder, Dennis L.; Aaron, David B.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doelling, David R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; dennis.helder@sdstate.edu; David.Aaron@sdstate.edu; amit.angal@ssaihq.com; taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com; Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; david.r.doelling@nasa.gov RI Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08AI30I]; U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land-Cover and Land-Use Change under Grant NNH08AI30I. The work of G. Chander was support by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1267 EP 1281 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228007 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900020 ER PT J AU Chander, G Helder, DL Aaron, D Mishra, N Shrestha, AK AF Chander, Gyanesh Helder, Dennis L. Aaron, David Mishra, Nischal Shrestha, Alok K. TI Assessment of Spectral, Misregistration, and Spatial Uncertainties Inherent in the Cross-Calibration Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth Observing-1 Hyperion; Environmental Satellite (Envisat) SCanning Imaging Absorption Spectro-Meter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY); geometric misregistration; Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM plus ); radiometric cross-calibration; relative spectral response (RSR); spatial resolution; spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF); spectral filter shift; spectral resolution; spectral responses; Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); uncertainties ID PERFORMANCE AB Cross-calibration of satellite sensors permits the quantitative comparison of measurements obtained from different Earth Observing (EO) systems. Cross-calibration studies usually use simultaneous or near-simultaneous observations from several spaceborne sensors to develop band-by-band relationships through regression analysis. The investigation described in this paper focuses on evaluation of the uncertainties inherent in the cross-calibration process, including contributions due to different spectral responses, spectral resolution, spectral filter shift, geometric misregistrations, and spatial resolutions. The hyperspectral data from the Environmental Satellite SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY and the EO-1 Hyperion, along with the relative spectral responses (RSRs) from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) Plus and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensors, were used for the spectral uncertainty study. The data from Landsat 5 TM over five representative land cover types (desert, rangeland, grassland, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest) were used for the geometric misregistrations and spatial-resolution study. The spectral resolution uncertainty was found to be within 0.25%, spectral filter shift within 2.5%, geometric misregistrations within 0.35%, and spatial-resolution effects within 0.1% for the Libya 4 site. The one-sigma uncertainties presented in this paper are uncorrelated, and therefore, the uncertainties can be summed orthogonally. Furthermore, an overall total uncertainty was developed. In general, the results suggested that the spectral uncertainty is more dominant compared to other uncertainties presented in this paper. Therefore, the effect of the sensor RSR differences needs to be quantified and compensated to avoid large uncertainties in cross-calibration results. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Helder, Dennis L.; Aaron, David; Mishra, Nischal] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Shrestha, Alok K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov; dennis.helder@sdstate.edu; David.Aaron@sdstate.edu; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; alok.k.shrestha@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08AI30I]; U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Grant NNH08AI30I. The work of G. Chander was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1282 EP 1296 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228008 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900021 ER PT J AU Henry, P Chander, G Fougnie, B Thomas, C Xiong, XX AF Henry, Patrice Chander, Gyanesh Fougnie, Bertrand Thomas, Colin Xiong, Xiaoxiong TI Assessment of Spectral Band Impact on Intercalibration Over Desert Sites Using Simulation Based on EO-1 Hyperion Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Envisat MERIS; EO-1 Hyperion; intercalibration; L7 ETM+; radiometric calibration; reflected solar band; relative spectral response (RSR); satellites; simulation; Terra and Aqua MODIS ID OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; VEGETATION; MERIS; MODIS; INSTRUMENT; SAHARAN AB Since the beginning of the 1990s, stable desert sites have been used for the calibration monitoring of many different sensors. Many attempts at sensor intercalibration have been also conducted using these stable desert sites. As a result, site characterization techniques and the quality of intercalibration techniques have gradually improved over the years. More recently, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites has recommended a list of reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites for frequent image acquisition by multiple agencies. In general, intercalibration should use well-known or spectrally flat reference. The reflectance profile of desert sites, however, might not be flat or well characterized (from a fine spectral point of view). The aim of this paper is to assess the expected accuracy that can be reached when using desert sites for intercalibration. In order to have a well-mastered estimation of different errors or error sources, this study is performed with simulated data from a hyperspectral sensor. Earth Observing-1 Hyperion images are chosen to provide the simulation input data. Two different cases of intercalibration are considered, namely, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Environmental Satellite MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) with Aqua MODIS. The simulation results have confirmed that intercalibration accuracy of 1% to 2% can be achieved between sensors, provided there are a sufficient number of available measurements. The simulated intercalibrations allow explaining results obtained during real intercalibration exercises and to establish some recommendations for the use of desert sites for intercalibration. C1 [Henry, Patrice; Fougnie, Bertrand; Thomas, Colin] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Thomas, Colin] CS SI, F-31506 Toulouse 5, France. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Henry, P (reprint author), Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM patrice.henry@cnes.fr; gchander@usgs.gov RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1297 EP 1308 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900022 ER PT J AU Helder, D Thome, KJ Mishra, N Chander, G Xiong, XX Angal, A Choi, T AF Helder, Dennis Thome, Kurtis J. Mishra, Nischal Chander, Gyanesh Xiong, Xiaoxiong Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung TI Absolute Radiometric Calibration of Landsat Using a Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Absolute calibration; EO-1 Hyperion; L7 ETM+; radiometric calibration; Relative Spectral Response (RSR); Terra MODIS ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; INTEGRATING SPHERE; MODIS; PERFORMANCE; SENSORS; ASTER; INSTRUMENT; TARGETS AB Pseudo invariant calibration sites (PICS) have been used for on-orbit radiometric trending of optical satellite systems for more than 15 years. This approach to vicarious calibration has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and repeatability at the level of 1-3% depending on the site, spectral channel, and imaging geometries. A variety of sensors have used this approach for trending because it is broadly applicable and easy to implement. Models to describe the surface reflectance properties, as well as the intervening atmosphere have also been developed to improve the precision of the method. However, one limiting factor of using PICS is that an absolute calibration capability has not yet been fully developed. Because of this, PICS are primarily limited to providing only long term trending information for individual sensors or cross-calibration opportunities between two sensors. This paper builds an argument that PICS can be used more extensively for absolute calibration. To illustrate this, a simple empirical model is developed for the well-known Libya 4 PICS based on observations by Terra MODIS and EO-1 Hyperion. The model is validated by comparing model predicted top-of-atmosphere reflectance values to actual measurements made by the Landsat ETM+ sensor reflective bands. Following this, an outline is presented to develop a more comprehensive and accurate PICS absolute calibration model that can be Systeme international d'unites (SI) traceable. These initial concepts suggest that absolute calibration using PICS is possible on a broad scale and can lead to improved on-orbit calibration capabilities for optical satellite sensors. C1 [Helder, Dennis; Mishra, Nischal] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Thome, Kurtis J.; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Helder, D (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Dennis_Helder@sdstate.edu; kurtis.thome@nasa.gov; Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; gchander@usgs.gov; xiaoxiong.xiong.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; amit.angal@ssaihq.com; taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X; FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX The work of G. Chander was support by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1360 EP 1369 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243738 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900027 ER PT J AU Legates, DR McCabe, GJ AF Legates, David R. McCabe, Gregory J. TI A refined index of model performance: a rejoinder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accuracy indices; coefficient of efficiency; goodness-of-fit; model evaluation; model-performance statistics AB Willmott et al. [Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K. 2012. A refined index of model performance. International Journal of Climatology, forthcoming. DOI:10.1002/joc.2419.] recently suggest a refined index of model performance (dr) that they purport to be superior to other methods. Their refined index ranges from 1.0 to 1.0 to resemble a correlation coefficient, but it is merely a linear rescaling of our modified coefficient of efficiency (E1) over the positive portion of the domain of dr. We disagree with Willmott et al. (2012) that dr provides a better interpretation; rather, E1 is more easily interpreted such that a value of E1 = 1.0 indicates a perfect model (no errors) while E1 = 0.0 indicates a model that is no better than the baseline comparison (usually the observed mean). Negative values of E1 (and, for that matter, dr < 0.5) indicate a substantially flawed model as they simply describe a level of inefficacy' for a model that is worse than the comparison baseline. Moreover, while dr is piecewise continuous, it is not continuous through the second and higher derivatives. We explain why the coefficient of efficiency (E or E2) and its modified form (E1) are superior and preferable to many other statistics, including dr, because of intuitive interpretability and because these indices have a fundamental meaning at zero. We also expand on the discussion begun by Garrick et al. [Garrick M, Cunnane C, Nash JE. 1978. A criterion of efficiency for rainfall-runoff models. Journal of Hydrology 36: 375-381.] and continued by Legates and McCabe [Legates DR, McCabe GJ. 1999. Evaluating the use of goodness-of-fit measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation. Water Resources Research 35(1): 233-241.] and Schaefli and Gupta [Schaefli B, Gupta HV. 2007. Do Nash values have value? Hydrological Processes 21: 2075-2080. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6825.]. This important discussion focuses on the appropriate baseline comparison to use, and why the observed mean often may be an inadequate choice for model evaluation and development. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Legates, David R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Legates, DR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM legates@udel.edu NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1002/joc.3487 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104EE UT WOS:000315972400023 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Habitat use and diet composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon in a tributary of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Habitat use; Diet composition; Lake Ontario ID RAINBOW-TROUT; SMALL RIVER; NEW-YORK; SALAR; SELECTION; MICROHABITAT; COMPETITION; STREAMS; SUMMER; GROWTH AB The habitat use and diet of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo solar was examined in the South Sandy Creek drainage that discharges into eastern Lake Ontario. Subyearling salmon were stocked in early May during two consecutive years, and habitat and diet evaluations were made in mid-July and mid-October in 2005 and 2006. Both subyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon occupied deeper and faster areas that had more cover and larger sized substrate materials than was present, on average, within the study reach. Differences in habitat use between subyearling and yearling salmon only occurred in summer. Principal component analysis showed that of the habitat variables examined, the amount of cover and size of substrate were more important to juvenile salmon in summer, whereas depth and velocity were more important in the fall. Trichopteran larvae (mainly hydropsychids) dominated the diet of juvenile Atlantic salmon, and parr were feeding most heavily from the substrate as compared to the drift. The juvenile ecology of this re-introduced population of Atlantic salmon is consistent with that reported in other studies throughout the species native range. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.12.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GM UT WOS:000315609500018 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, J. C. TI An exploratory investigation of the landscape-lake interface: Land cover controls over consumer N and C isotopic composition in Lake Michigan rivermouths (vol 38, pg 610, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov; wrichardson@usgs.gov; jvallazza@usgs.gov; jcnelson@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.12.003 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GM UT WOS:000315609500023 ER PT J AU Schilling, JW Dugger, KM Anthony, RG AF Schilling, Jason W. Dugger, Katie M. Anthony, Robert G. TI SURVIVAL AND HOME-RANGE SIZE OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; habitat characteristics; home-range size; Klamath Province; Oregon; survival ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS-CAURINA; BARRED OWLS; HABITAT-USE; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN OREGON; FORESTS; POPULATIONS; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB In the Klamath province of southwestern Oregon, Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) occur in complex, productive forests that historically supported frequent fires of variable severity. However, little is known about the relationships between Spotted Owl survival and home-range size and the characteristics of fire-prone, mixed-conifer forests of the Klamath province. Thus, the objectives of this study were to estimate monthly survival rates and home-range size in relation to habitat characteristics for Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon. Home-range size and survival of 15 Northern Spotted Owls was monitored using radiotelemetry in the Ashland Ranger District of the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest from September 2006 to October 2008. Habitat classes within Spotted Owl home ranges were characterized using a remote-sensed vegetation map of the study area. Estimates of monthly survival ranged from 0.89 to 1.0 and were positively correlated with the number of late-seral habitat patches and the amount of edge, and negatively correlated with the mean nearest neighbor distance between late-seral habitats. Annual home-range size varied from to 189 to 894 ha ((x) over bar = 576; SE = 75), with little difference between breeding and nonbreeding home ranges. Breeding-season home-range size increased with the amount of hard edge, and the amount of old and mature forest combined. Core area, annual and nonbreeding season home-range sizes all increased with increased amounts of hard edge, suggesting that increased fragmentation is associated with larger core and home-range sizes. Although no effect of the amount of late-seral stage forest on either survival or home-range size was detected, these results are the first to concurrently demonstrate increased forest fragmentation with decreased survival and increased home-range size of Northern Spotted Owls. C1 [Schilling, Jason W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schilling, JW (reprint author), Tulalip Tribes, Dept Nat Resources, 6406 Marine Dr, Tulalip, WA 98271 USA. EM jschilling@tulaliptribes-nsn.gov FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service, through the Rogue -Siskiyou National Forest; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Many thanks to Frank Wagner, Denise Strejc, Tom Phillips, and Laura Friar for help with the data collection associated with this project. Funding was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, through the Rogue -Siskiyou National Forest, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. L. Steven Andrews, David Clayton, Raymond J. Davis, and Jim Thrailkill provided invaluable logistical and financial support during this project. All survey, capture and handling methods performed during data collection for this study were approved under appropriate state and federal permits and Oregon State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ACUP #3452. We appreciate editorial comments from Betsy Glenn, James P. Ward, and an anonymous reviewer as they greatly improved this manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 81 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 101CZ UT WOS:000315754100001 ER PT J AU Littlefield, CD Johnson, DH AF Littlefield, Carroll D. Johnson, Douglas H. TI MIGRATION AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS AT AN AUTUMN STOPOVER SITE IN NORTHWESTERN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; agriculture; fall migration; foraging Southern High Plains; Texas ID ARGENTINA AB Unlike most raptors, the Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) migrates long distances between breeding and wintering ranges, which elevates the importance of stopover sites for foraging. We conducted three years offal! surveys in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Migrant Swainson's Hawks moved through the area mostly between July and mid-October, peaking in September. Subadults tended to migrate earlier than adults, and light morphs before dark morphs. Favored foraging habitats included silage corn, green beans, and alfalfa, but the hawks foraged primarily where ongoing agricultural activities disturbed prey and made them more available. C1 [Littlefield, Carroll D.] Biores Ranch, Rodeo, NM 88056 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Littlefield, CD (reprint author), Biores Ranch, POB 117, Rodeo, NM 88056 USA. EM Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 101CZ UT WOS:000315754100006 ER PT J AU DiVincenti, L Wyatt, J Priest, H Dittman, D Klindt, R Gordon, D Preston, A Smith, T Bowman, C AF DiVincenti, Louis, Jr. Wyatt, Jeff Priest, Heather Dittman, Dawn Klindt, Rodger Gordon, David Preston, Andrew Smith, Thomas Bowman, Colby TI Reference intervals for select hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes of wild Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River in New York SO VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic fish; diatoms; heterophils; lymphocytic leukogram; polychromasia ID WHOLE-BLOOD; BAERII; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; MS-222; SERUM AB Background Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is a long-lived freshwater fish distributed throughout the Great Lakes region and is a threatened species in New York State. The species' unique life cycle makes it useful as an indicator of ecosystem health, and efforts to repatriate Lake Sturgeon to their historic range are underway. However, comprehensive hematologic and biochemical reference intervals that would be valuable for assessing the health status of individual animals have not been reported. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine normal hematologic and plasma biochemical reference intervals for healthy wild Lake Sturgeon. Methods Blood samples were collected from 52 wild Lake Sturgeon caught in gill nets in the St. Lawrence River. Heparinized whole blood and plasma samples were analyzed using standard techniques. Reference intervals were calculated using the robust method following elimination of outliers and BoxCox transformation of data. Results Hematologic reference intervals were as follows: PCV 1738%, estimated WBC count 274023,150/L, neutrophils 1936121/L, eosinophils 0558/L, other granulocytes/heterophils 0488/L, lymphocytes 144714,044/L, and monocytes 551684/L. Plasma biochemical reference intervals were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase 3331746U/L, calcium 1.852.80mmol/L, chloride 95123mmol/L, creatine kinase 77635,536U/L, glucose 2.9414.76mmol/L, glutamate dehydrogenase 630U/L, phosphate 2.035.81mmol/L, potassium 2.344.24mmol/L, sodium 122.9151.1mmol/L, total protein 2.04.4g/dL, triglycerides 1.075.12mmol/L, and uric acid 1251mol/L. Conclusion Reference intervals reported here will be useful for health assessment of wild and repatriated Lake Sturgeon. C1 [DiVincenti, Louis, Jr.; Wyatt, Jeff] Univ Rochester, Dept Comparat Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Priest, Heather] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dittman, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Tunison Aquat Labs, Cortland, NY USA. [Klindt, Rodger; Gordon, David] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY USA. [Preston, Andrew; Smith, Thomas; Bowman, Colby] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Wilson Hill, NY USA. RP DiVincenti, L (reprint author), 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 674, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM louis_divincenti@urmc.rochester.edu OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0275-6382 J9 VET CLIN PATH JI Vet. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1111/vcp.12017 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 100SS UT WOS:000315723400005 PM 23278457 ER PT J AU Fenton, LK Hayward, RK Horgan, BHN Rubin, DM Titus, TN Bishop, MA Burr, DM Chojnacki, M Dinwiddie, CL Kerber, L Le Gall, A Michaels, TI Neakrase, LDV Newman, CE Tirsch, D Yizhaq, H Zimbelman, JR AF Fenton, Lori K. Hayward, Rosalyn K. Horgan, Briony H. N. Rubin, David M. Titus, Timothy N. Bishop, Mark A. Burr, Devon M. Chojnacki, Matthew Dinwiddie, Cynthia L. Kerber, Laura Le Gall, Alice Michaels, Timothy I. Neakrase, Lynn D. V. Newman, Claire E. Tirsch, Daniela Yizhaq, Hezi Zimbelman, James R. TI Summary of the Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop: Remote Sensing and Image Analysis of Planetary Dunes, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, June 12-15, 2012 SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Aeolian processes; Bedform dynamics; Bedform morphology; Sand provenance; Meeting summary ID AEOLIAN DUNES; MARS; SANDS AB The Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop took place in Flagstaff, AZ, USA during June 12-15, 2012. This meeting brought together a diverse group of researchers to discuss recent advances in terrestrial and planetary research on aeolian bedforms. The workshop included two and a half days of oral and poster presentations, as well as one formal (and one informal) full-day field trip. Similar to its predecessors, the presented work provided new insight on the morphology, dynamics, composition, and origin of aeolian bedforms on Venus, Earth, Mars, and Titan, with some intriguing speculation about potential aeolian processes on Triton (a satellite of Neptune) and Pluto. Major advancements since the previous International Planetary Dunes Workshop include the introduction of several new data analysis and numerical tools and utilization of low-cost field instruments (most notably the time-lapse camera). Most presentations represented advancement towards research priorities identified in both of the prior two workshops, although some previously recommended research approaches were not discussed. In addition, this workshop provided a forum for participants to discuss the uncertain future of the Planetary Aeolian Laboratory; subsequent actions taken as a result of the decisions made during the workshop may lead to an expansion of funding opportunities to use the facilities, as well as other improvements. The interactions during this workshop contributed to the success of the Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop, further developing our understanding of aeolian processes on the aeolian worlds of the Solar System. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fenton, Lori K.; Michaels, Timothy I.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Hayward, Rosalyn K.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Horgan, Briony H. N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bishop, Mark A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bishop, Mark A.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Burr, Devon M.; Chojnacki, Matthew] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dinwiddie, Cynthia L.] SW Res Inst, Geosci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Kerber, Laura] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Le Gall, Alice] Observ Spati LATMOS UVSQ, Lab Atmospher, Paris, France. [Neakrase, Lynn D. V.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Newman, Claire E.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tirsch, Daniela] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Yizhaq, Hezi] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, BIDR, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fenton, LK (reprint author), 189 Bernardo Ave,Ste 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM lfenton@carlsagancenter.org RI Chojnacki, Matthew/A-4245-2013; Tirsch, Daniela/I-7916-2012; OI Chojnacki, Matthew/0000-0001-8497-8994; Tirsch, Daniela/0000-0001-5905-5426 NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 8 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.006 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 095XR UT WOS:000315368800004 ER PT J AU Graham, NE Cayan, DR Bromirski, PD Flick, RE AF Graham, Nicholas E. Cayan, Daniel R. Bromirski, Peter D. Flick, Reinhard E. TI Multi-model projections of twenty-first century North Pacific winter wave climate under the IPCC A2 scenario SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Ocean waves; North Pacific ID HEMISPHERE STORM TRACKS; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHANGE SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ATLANTIC OCEAN; HEIGHTS; TRENDS; SEA; REANALYSIS AB A dynamical wave model implemented over the North Pacific Ocean was forced with winds from three coupled global climate models (CGCMs) run under a medium-to-high scenario for greenhouse gas emissions through the twenty-first century. The results are analyzed with respect to changes in upper quantiles of significant wave height (90th and 99th percentile H-S) during boreal winter. The three CGCMs produce surprisingly similar patterns of change in winter wave climate during the century, with waves becoming 10-15 % smaller over the lower mid-latitudes of the North Pacific, particularly in the central and western ocean. These decreases are closely associated with decreasing windspeeds along the southern flank of the main core of the westerlies. At higher latitudes, 99th percentile wave heights generally increase, though the patterns of change are less uniform than at lower latitudes. The increased wave heights at high latitudes appear to be due a variety of wind-related factors including both increased windspeeds and changes in the structure of the wind field, these varying from model to model. For one of the CGCMs, a commonly used statistical approach for estimating seasonal quantiles of H-S on the basis of seasonal mean sea level pressure (SLP) is used to develop a regression model from 60 years of twentieth century data as a training set, and then applied using twenty-first century SLP data. The statistical model reproduces the general pattern of decreasing twenty-first century wave heights south of similar to 40 N, but underestimates the magnitude of the changes by similar to 50-70 %, reflecting relatively weak coupling between sea level pressure and wave heights in the CGCM data and loss of variability in the statistically projected wave heights. C1 [Graham, Nicholas E.] Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Bromirski, Peter D.; Flick, Reinhard E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Flick, Reinhard E.] Calif Dept Boating & Waterways, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Graham, NE (reprint author), Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM ngraham@hrc-lab.org FU California Energy Commission PIER Program through a University of California, California Institute for Energy and Environment (UC-CIEE) [POCV01-X12, 500-09-038] FX This work was conducted under funding from the California Energy Commission PIER Program through a University of California, California Institute for Energy and Environment (UC-CIEE) Award, No. POCV01-X12 to Scripps Institution of Oceanography (DC, PB, RF) and sub-award 500-09-038 to the Hydrologic Research Center (NG). The authors extend many thanks to Emelia Bainto and Mary Tyree for their valuable assistance with the wave model simulations, and with data acquisition and processing. Thanks as well to three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped improve the manuscript. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 1335 EP 1360 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1435-8 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096YE UT WOS:000315440100017 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Duniway, MC James, DK Burkett, LM Havstad, KM AF Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Duniway, Michael C. James, Darren K. Burkett, Laura M. Havstad, Kris M. TI A test of critical thresholds and their indicators in a desertification-prone ecosystem: more resilience than we thought SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Desertification; early warning; grazing; long-term experiment; patch size; regime shift; resilience; state-transition model ID PATCH SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REGIME SHIFTS; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; SUITABLE INDICATOR; TIPPING POINT; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; RESTORATION AB Theoretical models predict that drylands can cross critical thresholds, but experimental manipulations to evaluate them are non-existent. We used a long-term (13-year) pulse-perturbation experiment featuring heavy grazing and shrub removal to determine if critical thresholds and their determinants can be demonstrated in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. We asked if cover values or patch-size metrics could predict vegetation recovery, supporting their use as early-warning indicators. We found that season of grazing, but not the presence of competing shrubs, mediated the severity of grazing impacts on dominant grasses. Recovery occurred at the same rate irrespective of grazing history, suggesting that critical thresholds were not crossed, even at low cover levels. Grass cover, but not patch size metrics, predicted variation in recovery rates. Some transition-prone ecosystems are surprisingly resilient; management of grazing impacts and simple cover measurements can be used to avert undesired transitions and initiate restoration. C1 [Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.; Duniway, Michael C.; James, Darren K.; Burkett, Laura M.; Havstad, Kris M.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duniway, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Jornada Expt Range & Jornada Basin LTER, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM bbestelm@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 178 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1111/ele.12045 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088VS UT WOS:000314865900008 PM 23216915 ER PT J AU Darst, CR Murphy, PJ Strout, NW Campbell, SP Field, KJ Allison, L Averill-Murray, RC AF Darst, Catherine R. Murphy, Philip J. Strout, Nathan W. Campbell, Steven P. Field, Kimberleigh J. Allison, Linda Averill-Murray, Roy C. TI A Strategy for Prioritizing Threats and Recovery Actions for At-Risk Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Threats assessment; Conservation planning; Species recovery; Endangered species; Adaptive management; Mojave desert tortoise ID DESERT TORTOISE; CONSERVATION SCIENCE; MOJAVE DESERT; ET-AL; ACT; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE; QUALITY; PLANS AB Ensuring the persistence of at-risk species depends on implementing conservation actions that ameliorate threats. We developed and implemented a method to quantify the relative importance of threats and to prioritize recovery actions based on their potential to affect risk to Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We used assessments of threat importance and elasticities of demographic rates from population matrix models to estimate the relative contributions of threats to overall increase in risk to the population. We found that urbanization, human access, military operations, disease, and illegal use of off highway vehicles are the most serious threats to the desert tortoise range-wide. These results suggest that, overall, recovery actions that decrease habitat loss, predation, and crushing will be most effective for recovery; specifically, we found that habitat restoration, topic-specific environmental education, and land acquisition are most likely to result in the greatest decrease in risk to the desert tortoise across its range. In addition, we have developed an application that manages the conceptual model and all supporting information and calculates threat severity and potential effectiveness of recovery actions. Our analytical approach provides an objective process for quantifying threats, prioritizing recovery actions, and developing monitoring metrics for those actions for adaptive management of any at-risk species. C1 [Darst, Catherine R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Murphy, Philip J.; Strout, Nathan W.] Univ Redlands, Redlands Inst, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Campbell, Steven P.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Field, Kimberleigh J.; Allison, Linda; Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Darst, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, 2493 Portola Rd Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM cat_darst@fws.gov OI Averill-Murray, Roy/0000-0002-4424-2269 FU Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act's Conservation Initiatives grant; Fort Irwin National Training Center; Bureau of Land Management; California Energy Commission's PIER Environmental Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank R. Steidl, E. Zylstra, J. Henk, A. Desmarais, C. Mullen, and M. Scott for their helpful reviews, and E. McCoy, K. Ralls, M. Reed, J. Fraser, and B. Williams for their helpful advice throughout the project. This manuscript was greatly improved by suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. The research summarized in this paper was performed with support from a Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act's Conservation Initiatives grant, Fort Irwin National Training Center, the Bureau of Land Management, and the California Energy Commission's PIER Environmental Program. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or other entities who provided support for this project. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233