FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nakazawa, Y Lash, RR Carroll, DS Damon, IK Karem, KL Reynolds, MG Osorio, JE Rocke, TE Malekani, JM Muyembe, JJ Formenty, P Peterson, AT AF Nakazawa, Yoshinori Lash, R. Ryan Carroll, Darin S. Damon, Inger K. Karem, Kevin L. Reynolds, Mary G. Osorio, Jorge E. Rocke, Tonie E. Malekani, Jean M. Muyembe, Jean-Jacques Formenty, Pierre Peterson, A. Townsend TI Mapping Monkeypox Transmission Risk through Time and Space in the Congo Basin SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ECOLOGICAL NICHE; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRUS; DISTRIBUTIONS; NDVI; PREDICTION AB Monkeypox is a major public health concern in the Congo Basin area, with changing patterns of human case occurrences reported in recent years. Whether this trend results from better surveillance and detection methods, reduced proportions of vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated human populations, or changing environmental conditions remains unclear. Our objective is to examine potential correlations between environment and transmission of monkeypox events in the Congo Basin. We created ecological niche models based on human cases reported in the Congo Basin by the World Health Organization at the end of the smallpox eradication campaign, in relation to remotely-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index datasets from the same time period. These models predicted independent spatial subsets of monkeypox occurrences with high confidence; models were then projected onto parallel environmental datasets for the 2000s to create present-day monkeypox suitability maps. Recent trends in human monkeypox infection are associated with broad environmental changes across the Congo Basin. Our results demonstrate that ecological niche models provide useful tools for identification of areas suitable for transmission, even for poorly-known diseases like monkeypox. C1 [Nakazawa, Yoshinori; Lash, R. Ryan; Carroll, Darin S.; Damon, Inger K.; Karem, Kevin L.; Reynolds, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nakazawa, Yoshinori] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Malekani, Jean M.] Univ Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo. [Muyembe, Jean-Jacques] Inst Natl Rech Biomed, Kinshasa, Congo. [Formenty, Pierre] WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Peterson, A. Townsend] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Nakazawa, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ynakazawa@cdc.gov OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379; Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU National Institutes of Health [1R01TW008859-01] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant 1R01TW008859-01 ("Sylvatic Reservoirs of Human Monkeypox"). Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 9 AR e74816 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0074816 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219CG UT WOS:000324481600147 PM 24040344 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Antweiler, RC Ferrer, I Ryan, JN Thurman, EM AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Antweiler, Ronald C. Ferrer, Imma Ryan, Joseph N. Thurman, E. Michael TI In-Stream Attenuation of Neuro-Active Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY; TRANSIENT STORAGE; TREATMENT PLANTS; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; FATHEAD MINNOWS; BETA-BLOCKERS; TRACER TEST AB In-stream attenuation was determined for 14 neuro-active pharmaceuticals and associated metabolites. Lagrangian sampling, which follows a parcel of water as it moves downstream, was used to link hydrological and chemical transformation processes. Wastewater loading of neuro-active compounds varied considerably over a span of several hours, and thus a sampling regime was used to verify that the Lagrangian parcel was being sampled and a mechanism was developed to correct measured concentrations if it was not. In-stream attenuation over the 5.4-km evaluated reach could be modeled as pseudo-first-order decay for 11 of the 14 evaluated neuro-active pharmaceutical compounds, illustrating the capacity of streams to reduce conveyance of neuro-active compounds downstream. Fluoxetine and N-desmethyl citalopram were the most rapidly attenuated compounds (t(1/2) = 3.6 +/- 0.3 h, 4.0 +/- 0.2 h, respectively). Lamotrigine, 10,11,-dihydro-10,11,-dihydroxy-carbamazepine, and carbamazepine were the most persistent (t(1/2) = 12 +/- 2.0 h, 12 +/- 2.6 h, 21 +/- 4.5 h, respectively). Parent compounds (e.g., buproprion, carbamazepine, lamotrigine) generally were more persistent relative to their metabolites. Several compounds (citalopram, venlafaxine, O-desmethyl-venlafaxine) were not attenuated. It was postulated that the primary mechanism of removal for these compounds was interaction with bed sediments and stream biofilms, based on measured concentrations in stream biofilms and a column experiment using stream sediments. C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ferrer, Imma; Ryan, Joseph N.; Thurman, E. Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Antweiler, Ronald C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Writer, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM writer@colorado.edu RI Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008; OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU U.S. Geological Survey NRP program; U.S. Geological Survey Toxics program; National Science Foundation [CBET-0854527] FX The following individuals provided valuable assistance with this study: Sheila Murphy, Dave Roth, and Larry Barber (U.S. Geological Survey), and Andy Taylor and Chris Douville (City of Boulder). This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey NRP and Toxics programs, and National Science Foundation grant CBET-0854527. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 17 BP 9781 EP 9790 DI 10.1021/es402158t PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295CR UT WOS:000330094700029 PM 23952127 ER PT J AU McCleskey, RB AF McCleskey, R. Blaine TI New Method for Electrical Conductivity Temperature Compensation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; DISSOLVED SOLIDS; CONDUCTANCE; DEPENDENCE; ION; PH AB Electrical conductivity (kappa) measurements of natural waters are typically referenced to 25 degrees C (kappa(25)) using standard temperature compensation factors (alpha). For acidic waters (pH < 4), this can result in a large kappa(25) error (delta kappa(25)). The more the sample temperature departs from 25 degrees C, the larger the potential delta kappa(25). For pH <4, the hydrogen ion transport number becomes substantial and its mode of transport is different from most other ions resulting in a different alpha. A new method for determining alpha as a function of pH and temperature is presented. Samples with varying amounts of H2SO4 and NaCl were used to develop the new a, which was then applied to 65 natural water samples including acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, and stream waters. For each sample, the kappa and pH were measured at several temperatures from 5 to 90 degrees C and kappa(25) was calculated. The delta kappa(25) ranged from -11 to 9% for the new method as compared to -42 to 25% and -53 to 27% for the constant alpha (0.019) and ISO-7888 methods, respectively. The new method for determining alpha is a substantial improvement for acidic waters and performs as well as or better than the standard methods for circumneutral waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP McCleskey, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E 127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU National Research Program of the USGS FX I thank Bill Evans, Kirk Nordstrom, Deb Repert, Mark Dornblaser, Kate Campbell, and Randall Chiu for their constructive comments and reviews. This study would not have been possible without the support of the National Research Program of the USGS. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 17 BP 9874 EP 9881 DI 10.1021/es402188r PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295CR UT WOS:000330094700040 PM 23895179 ER PT J AU Pendleton, LH Sutton-Grier, AE Gordon, DR Murray, BC Victor, BE Griffis, RB Lechuga, JAV Giri, C AF Pendleton, Linwood H. Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Gordon, David R. Murray, Brian C. Victor, Britta E. Griffis, Roger B. Lechuga, Jen A. V. Giri, Chandra TI Considering "Coastal Carbon" in Existing US Federal Statutes and Policies SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agency; assessment; ecosystem service; environmental impact; implementation ID MANGROVES; WETLANDS AB Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses provide important ecosystem services, including nursery habitat for fish, shoreline protection, and the recently recognized service of carbon sequestration and storage. When these wetland ecosystems are degraded or destroyed, the carbon can be released to the atmosphere, where it adds to the concentration of greenhouses gases (GHGs) that contribute to climate change. Many federal statutes and policies specifically require that impacts on ecosystem services be considered in policy implementation. Yet, no federal statute, regulation, or policy accounts directly for the carbon held in coastal habitats. There are a number of federal statutes and policies for which coastal carbon ecosystem services could reasonably be added to environmental and ecosystem considerations already implemented. We look at a subset of these statutes and policies to illustrate how coastal carbon ecosystem services and values might affect the implementation and outcomes of such statutes generally. We identify key steps for the inclusion of the ecosystem services of coastal habitats into the implementation of existing federal policies without statutory changes; doing so would increase the degree to which these policies consider the full economic and ecological impacts of policy actions. C1 [Pendleton, Linwood H.; Gordon, David R.; Murray, Brian C.; Victor, Britta E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC USA. [Pendleton, Linwood H.; Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.; Griffis, Roger B.; Lechuga, Jen A. V.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Giri, Chandra] US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Pendleton, LH (reprint author), Nicholas Inst, 2117 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM linwood.pendleton@duke.edu OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 50 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5 BP 439 EP 456 DI 10.1080/08920753.2013.822294 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212QS UT WOS:000323998500004 ER PT J AU Lebarbenchon, C Poulson, R Shannon, K Slagter, J Slusher, MJ Wilcox, BR Berdeen, J Knutsen, GA Cardona, CJ Stallknecht, DE AF Lebarbenchon, Camille Poulson, Rebecca Shannon, Kelly Slagter, Jeremiah Slusher, Morgan J. Wilcox, Benjamin R. Berdeen, James Knutsen, Gregory A. Cardona, Carol J. Stallknecht, David E. TI Isolation of Influenza A Viruses from Wild Ducks and Feathers in Minnesota (2010-2011) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; mallard; wild birds; virus isolation; subtype diversity; Minnesota ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEURAMINIDASE; GENE AB We investigated the feasibility of testing feathers as a complementary approach to detect low pathogenic influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild duck populations. Feathers on the ground were collected at four duck capture sites during 2010 and 2011, in Minnesota, U. S. A. IAVs were isolated from both feathers and cloacal swabs sampled from ducks at the time of capture. Although virus isolation rates from feather and cloacal swabs were inconsistent between collections, the overall rate of isolation was greatest from the feather samples. Viruses isolated from feathers also reflected the subtype diversity observed in cloacal swab isolates but resulted in many more isolates that contained more than one virus. Our study suggests that testing feathers may represent an alternative noninvasive approach to recover viruses and estimate subtype abundance and diversity. C1 [Lebarbenchon, Camille; Poulson, Rebecca; Shannon, Kelly; Slagter, Jeremiah; Slusher, Morgan J.; Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Berdeen, James] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. [Knutsen, Gregory A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Middle River, MN 56737 USA. [Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lebarbenchon, C (reprint author), Univ Reunion, St Denis 97715, Reunion. EM camille.lebarbenchon@univ-reunion.fr RI Lebarbenchon, Camille/H-7245-2013 OI Lebarbenchon, Camille/0000-0002-0922-7573 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN266200700007C. The funding agencies did not have any involvement in the study design, implementation, or publishing of this study and the research presented herein represents the opinions of the authors, but not necessarily the opinions of the funding agencies. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 57 IS 3 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AD5BW UT WOS:000333267500017 PM 24283137 ER PT J AU Hooijmeijer, JCEW Senner, NR Tibbitts, TL Gill, RE Douglas, DC Bruinzeel, LW Wymenga, E Piersma, T AF Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W. Senner, Nathan R. Tibbitts, T. Lee Gill, Robert E., Jr. Douglas, David C. Bruinzeel, Leo W. Wymenga, Eddy Piersma, Theunis TI Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding Black-tailed Godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE shorebirds; waders; long-distance migration; migratory bird conservation; satellite telemetry; geolocation tracking; migratory connectivity ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; LIMOSA-LAPPONICA; RICE FIELDS; RED KNOTS; ARRIVAL; REDISTRIBUTION; PATTERNS; BENEFITS; COSTS AB Conservation of long-distance migratory shorebirds is complex because these species use habitats spread across continents and hemispheres, making identification of critical habitats and potential bottlenecks in the annual cycle especially difficult. The population of Black-tailed Godwits that breeds in Western Europe, Limosa limosa limosa, has declined precipitously over the past few decades. Despite significant efforts to identify the root causes of this decline, much remains unclear. To better understand the migratory timing, use of stopover and nonbreeding sites, and the potential impact of breeding success on these parameters, we attached 15 Argos satellite transmitters and 10 geolocation tracking devices to adult godwits nearing completion of incubation at breeding sites in southwest Friesland, The Netherlands during the spring of 2009. We successfully tracked 16 adult godwits for their entire southward migration and two others for part of it. Three migration patterns and four regions of use were apparent. Most godwits left their breeding sites and proceeded south directly to stopover sites in the Mediterranean e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco before flying on to non-breeding sites in West Africa. Other individuals spent the entire nonbreeding season in the Mediterranean. A third pattern included a few individuals that flew nonstop from their Dutch breeding sites to nonbreeding sites in West Africa. Tracking data from this study will be immediately useful for conservation efforts focused on preserving the dispersed network of sites used by godwits during their southward migration. C1 [Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W.; Senner, Nathan R.; Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bruinzeel, Leo W.; Wymenga, Eddy] Altenburg & Wymenga Ecol Consultants, NL-9269 ZR Feanwalden, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. RP Senner, NR (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. EM n.r.senner@rug.nl RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012 FU Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Food Quality; U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (Wildlife Program); Province of Fryslan; coalition Nederland-Gruttoland; NWO-TOP grant Shorebirds in space [854.11.004] FX We thank D. Mulcahy and D. Tijssen for their veterinary skill and G.J. Gerritsen, R. Buiter, and H. Zeilstra for their help with the project. For help in the field in 2009-2010, we thank the members of "grutto" dream-team: R. Kentie, N. Groen, K. Trimbos, P. Lourenco, Y. Galama, P. de Goeij, A. Rippen, R. van der Zee, H. ould Mohamed El Hacen, W Vos, L. Schmaltz, K. Bowgen, S. Wouda, M. Verhoeven, C. Kuipers, M. Bulla, B. Verheijen and C. Foley. G. Hylkema kindly allowed his camper van "Pylger" to be turned into a mobile surgery unit. We thank the conservation authorities It Fryske Gea and Staatsbosbeheer and the local farmers for their co-operation and for allowing access to their property. The assistance of local volunteers in nest searching and reporting locations was also invaluable. Birdlife Netherlands made arrangements for daily and weekly updates about the project on their website. This work was conducted under Dutch Animal Welfare Act Article 9 (license number DEC 4339F) and was financially supported by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Food Quality; the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area (Wildlife Program); the Province of Fryslan; and the coalition Nederland-Gruttoland. The final write-up by NRS was financed by the NWO-TOP grant Shorebirds in space (854.11.004) awarded to TP. We thank C. Handel, D.Ruthrauff, and J. Pearce and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Any use of trade names or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors' institutional affiliations. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 43 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD FAL PY 2013 VL 101 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AB0KF UT WOS:000331479900008 ER PT J AU Norman, LM Villarreal, ML Niraula, R Meixner, T Frisvold, G Labiosa, W AF Norman, Laura M. Villarreal, Miguel L. Niraula, Rewati Meixner, Thomas Frisvold, George Labiosa, William TI Framing Scenarios of Binational Water Policy with a Tool to Visualize, Quantify and Valuate Changes in Ecosystem Services SO WATER LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; effluent; scenario analysis; water policy; public value; riparian change ID STATES-MEXICO BORDER; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; HOMEBUYERS; REGION AB In the Santa Cruz Watershed, located on the Arizona-Sonora portion of the U.S.-Mexico border, an international wastewater treatment plant treats wastewater from cities on both sides of the border, before discharging it into the river in Arizona. These artificial flows often subsidize important perennial surface water ecosystems in the region. An explicit understanding of the benefits of maintaining instream flow for present and future generations requires the ability to assess and understand the important trade-offs implicit in water-resource management decisions. In this paper, we outline an approach for modeling and visualizing impacts of management decisions in terms of rare terrestrial and aquatic wildlife, vegetation, surface water, groundwater recharge, real-estate values and socio-environmental vulnerable communities. We identify and quantify ecosystem services and model the potential reduction in effluent discharge to the U. S. that is under scrutiny by binational water policy makers and of concern to stakeholders. Results of service provisioning are presented, and implications for policy makers and resource managers are discussed. This paper presents a robust ecosystem services assessment of multiple scenarios of watershed management as a means to discern eco-hydrological responses and consider their potential values for future generations living in the borderlands. C1 [Norman, Laura M.; Villarreal, Miguel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Niraula, Rewati; Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Frisvold, George] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Labiosa, William] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Norman, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lnorman@usgs.gov; mvillarreal@usgs.gov; rewatin@gmail.com; tmeixner@hwr.arizona.edu; frisvold@ag.arizona.edu; blabiosa@usgs.gov OI Villarreal, Miguel/0000-0003-0720-1422 FU USGS Land Change Science (LCS) Program; U.S.- Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) grant [EAR1038938]; Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) at the University of Arizona FX The authors wish to thank the USGS Land Change Science (LCS) Program, formerly the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM), and U.S.- Mexico Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI), as well as the EPA's Ecosystem Services Research Program (ESRP) for investing in this research. Support for researchers was also provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) grant (EAR1038938) and the Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) at the University of Arizona. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 852 EP 874 DI 10.3390/w5030852 PG 23 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 301FI UT WOS:000330517800001 ER PT J AU Levy, JS Fountain, AG O'Connor, JE Welch, KA Lyons, WB AF Levy, Joseph S. Fountain, Andrew G. O'Connor, Jim E. Welch, Kathy A. Lyons, W. Berry TI Garwood Valley, Antarctica: A new record of Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene glaciofluvial processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GROUNDED ICE-SHEET; BENTHIC MICROBIAL MATS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; TAYLOR VALLEY; ROSS SEA; SOUND REGION; LAKE; HISTORY; CALIBRATION; CHRONOLOGY AB We document the age and extent of late Quaternary glaciofluvial processes in Garwood Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, using mapping, stratigraphy, geochronology, and geochemical analysis of sedimentary and ice deposits. Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence indicates damming of the valley at its Ross Sea outlet by the expanded Ross Sea ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Damming resulted in development of a pro-glacial lake in Garwood Valley that persisted from late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene time, and in the formation of a multilevel delta complex that overlies intact, supraglacial till and buried glacier ice detached from the Ross Sea ice sheet. Radiocarbon dating of delta deposits and inferred relationships between paleolake level and Ross Sea ice sheet grounding line positions indicate that the Ross Sea ice sheet advanced north of Garwood Valley at ca. 21.5 ka and retreated south of the valley between 7.3 and 5.5 ka. Buried ice remaining in Garwood Valley has a similar geochemical fingerprint to grounded Ross Sea ice sheet material elsewhere in the southern Dry Valleys. The sedimentary sequence in Garwood Valley preserves evidence of glaciofluvial interactions and climate-driven hydrological activity from the end of the Pleistocene through the mid-Holocene, making it an unusually complete record of climate activity and paleoenvironmental conditions from the terrestrial Antarctic. C1 [Levy, Joseph S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fountain, Andrew G.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [O'Connor, Jim E.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Welch, Kathy A.; Lyons, W. Berry] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Welch, Kathy A.; Lyons, W. Berry] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Levy, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM joe.levy@utexas.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Antarctic Earth Sciences program [ANT-1212307] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Antarctic Earth Sciences program under award ANT-1212307 to Levy, Fountain, and Lyons. Many thanks go to the extensive team that made this research possible, notably, to Captain Dustin Black for bringing the Garwood Valley ice cliff to the attention of the research team, and to all the PHI pilots and ground staff for providing reliable and safe access to the site; to Thomas Nylen, Hasan Basagic, James Dickson, Rickard Pettersson, and James Jerome Bethune for field assistance; to Deb Leslie for stable isotope analyses of ice samples; to Jennifer McKay for stable isotope analysis of Garwood carbonates; to the Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Laboratory for radiocarbon dating services; to Paul Morin and the Polar Geospatial Center for access to satellite image data; and to John Dilles, Federico Cernushi, Matt Lowen, and Mark Ford for assistance in X-ray diffraction analysis of sediments. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) topography used in this paper was kindly made possible through a joint effort from the NSF, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Geological survey, with basic postprocessing from the Byrd Polar Research Center. This manuscript has benefited from thoughtful reviews from Brenda Hall, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 125 IS 9-10 BP 1484 EP 1502 DI 10.1130/B30783.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273BA UT WOS:000328506500006 ER PT J AU Takekawa, JY Prosser, DJ Collins, BM Douglas, DC Perry, WM Yan, BP Ze, L Hou, YS Lei, FM Li, TX Li, YD Newman, SH AF Takekawa, John Y. Prosser, Diann J. Collins, Bridget M. Douglas, David C. Perry, William M. Yan, Baoping Ze, Luo Hou, Yuansheng Lei, Fumin Li, Tianxian Li, Yongdong Newman, Scott H. TI Movements of Wild Ruddy Shelducks in the Central Asian Flyway and Their Spatial Relationship to Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE Brahminy duck; movement ecology; Tadorna ferruginea; avian influenza ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; WESTERN CHINA; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; VIRUS H5N1; WATERFOWL; SPREAD; ECOLOGY; QINGHAI; LAKE AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 remains a serious concern for both poultry and human health. Wild waterfowl are considered to be the reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses; however, relatively little is known about their movement ecology in regions where HPAI H5N1 outbreaks regularly occur. We studied movements of the ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), a wild migratory waterfowl species that was infected in the 2005 Qinghai Lake outbreak. We defined their migration with Brownian Bridge utilization distribution models and their breeding and wintering grounds with fixed kernel home ranges. We correlated their movements with HPAI H5N1 outbreaks, poultry density, land cover, and latitude in the Central Asian Flyway. Our Akaike Information Criterion analysis indicated that outbreaks were correlated with land cover, latitude, and poultry density. Although shelduck movements were included in the top two models, they were not a top parameter selected in AICc stepwise regression results. However, timing of outbreaks suggested that outbreaks in the flyway began during the winter in poultry with spillover to wild birds during the spring migration. Thus, studies of the movement ecology of wild birds in areas with persistent HPAI H5N1 outbreaks may contribute to understanding their role in transmission of this disease. C1 [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Prosser, Diann J.; Collins, Bridget M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Yan, Baoping; Ze, Luo] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr CNIC, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Hou, Yuansheng] Qinghai State Forestry Adm, Qinghai Lake Natl Nat Reserve QLNNR, Xining 25700, Qinghai, Peoples R China. [Lei, Fumin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool IOZ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Tianxian; Li, Yongdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Virol WIV, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, EMPRES Wildlife Hlth & Ecol Unit, Anim Hlth Serv, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov; dprosser@usgs.gov; bmcollin6@gmail.com; ddouglas@usgs.gov; wmperry@usgs.gov; ybp@cnic.cn; luoze@cnic.cn; houyuanseng@163.com; leifm@ioz.ac.cn; litx@wh.iov.cn; litx@wh.iov.cn; scott.newman@fao.org OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2129 EP 2152 DI 10.3390/v5092129 PG 24 WC Virology SC Virology GA 274NZ UT WOS:000328614500005 PM 24022072 ER PT J AU Takir, D Emery, JP McSween, HY Hibbitts, CA Clark, RN Pearson, N Wang, A AF Takir, Driss Emery, Joshua P. McSween, Harry Y., Jr. Hibbitts, Charles A. Clark, Roger N. Pearson, Neil Wang, Alian TI Nature and degree of aqueous alteration in CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; AMINO-ACIDS; PARENT BODY; MAIN-BELT; MINERALOGY; ASTEROIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; METEORITES AB We investigated the petrologic, geochemical, and spectral parameters that relate to the type and degree of aqueous alteration in nine CM chondrites and one CI (Ivuna) carbonaceous chondrite. Our underlying hypothesis is that the position and shape of the 3m band is diagnostic of phyllosilicate mineralogy. We measured reflectance spectra of the chondrites under dry conditions (elevated temperatures) and vacuum (10(-8) to 10(-7)torr) to minimize adsorbed water and mimic the space environment, for subsequent comparison with reflectance spectra of asteroids. We have identified three spectral CM groups in addition to Ivuna. Group 1, the least altered group as determined from various alteration indices, is characterized by 3m band centers at longer wavelengths, and is consistent with cronstedtite (Fe-serpentine). Group 3, the most altered group, is characterized by 3m band centers at shorter wavelengths and is consistent with antigorite (serpentine). Group 2 is an intermediate group between group 1 and 3. Ivuna exhibits a unique spectrum that is distinct from the CM meteorites and is consistent with lizardite and chrysotile (serpentine). The petrologic and geochemical parameters, which were determined using electron microprobe analyses and microscopic observations, are found to be consistent with the three spectral groups. These results indicate that the distinct parent body aqueous alteration environments experienced by these carbonaceous chondrites can be distinguished using reflectance spectroscopy. High-quality ground-based telescopic observations of Main Belt asteroids can be expected to reveal not just whether an asteroid is hydrated, but also details of the alteration state. C1 [Takir, Driss; Emery, Joshua P.; McSween, Harry Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Takir, Driss; Emery, Joshua P.; McSween, Harry Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hibbitts, Charles A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20273 USA. [Clark, Roger N.; Pearson, Neil] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Takir, D (reprint author), Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM dtakir@ithaca.edu RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016 OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391 FU NASA [NNX13AH86G, NNX08AV93G] FX We are grateful for thoughtful reviews by Janice Bishop and Ralph Milliken. We thank Allan Patchen for assistance with the electron microprobe, Bill Deane and Michael DeAngelis for assistance with serpentine preparation and XRD measurements, Jeff Moersch for access to the ASD spectrometer, Yali Lu for assistance with Raman spectra measurements, Heather Lowers for assistance with the SEM measurements, and Genesis Berlanga for assistance with reflectance spectra measurements. This work was partly supported by NASA Cosmochemistry grant NNX13AH86G to HYM, NASA Planetary Astronomy grant NNX08AV93G to JPE, and the NASA Cassini mission to Saturn, VIMS team to RNC. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1618 EP 1637 DI 10.1111/maps.12171 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 264NQ UT WOS:000327885300005 ER PT J AU Erhardt, JM Scarnecchia, DL AF Erhardt, John M. Scarnecchia, Dennis L. TI Precision and Accuracy of Age and Growth Estimates Based on Fin Rays, Scales, and Mark-Recapture Information for Migratory Bull Trout SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bull trout; age estimation; growth ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LAKE; VALIDATION; SURVIVAL; MONTANA AB Accurate quantitative descriptions of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) growth are important for understanding life history and developing reliable stock assessments. In the absence of age validation, important steps are to review the precision of age estimation methods and evaluate whether age estimates yield growth rates consistent with known fish growth based on tag recoveries. We assessed the precision of age estimates using pelvic fin rays and scales for migratory bull trout (297-605 mm total length) from the North Fork Clearwater River, and then compared growth estimates derived from both structures with growth based on tag recoveries. Fin rays produced a lower coefficient of variation (CV = 5.84) than scales (CV = 12.56). Ages estimated from scales were higher for fish aged < 5 with fin rays and lower for fish aged >= 5. Comparisons of growth estimates derived from 70 tagged bull trout at large from 0.35 to 3.02 years with age-length equations based on fin ray and scale annuli indicated that ages estimated from fin rays (N = 189, predicted length of an age 3 fish = 310mm) were closely related to the apparent ages estimated from the mark-recapture model (apparent age of a 310mm fish = 2.9) whereas scales (N = 65, predicted length of an age 3 fish = 408mm) were not. This is the first study to assess the precision of structures for modeling growth of larger migratory bull trout. However validation of annuli formation from the recapture of known-age fish is recommended. C1 [Erhardt, John M.; Scarnecchia, Dennis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Erhardt, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501-A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jerhardt@usgs.gov FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX Funding and other logistical support for this project was provided by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. We would like to thank anonymous reviewers of Northwest Science for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.3955/046.087.0402 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262WV UT WOS:000327769500003 ER PT J AU Munson, SM AF Munson, Seth M. TI Plant responses, climate pivot points, and trade-offs in water-limited ecosystems SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE arid; Chihuahuan Desert; climate change; Colorado Plateau; cross-site; desertification; early warning sign; long-term monitoring; plant canopy cover; Sonoran Desert ID DROUGHT TOLERANCE; DESERT GRASSES; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; PATTERNS; MODELS; GROWTH; STATES AB Plant species in dryland ecosystems are limited by water availability and may be vulnerable to increases in aridity. Methods are needed to monitor and assess the rate of change in plant abundance and composition in relation to climate, understand the potential for degradation in dryland ecosystems, and forecast future changes in plant species assemblages. I employ nearly a century of vegetation monitoring data from three North American deserts to demonstrate an approach to determine plant species responses to climate and critical points over a range of climatic conditions at which plant species shift from increases to decreases in abundance (climate pivot points). I assess these metrics from a site to regional scale and highlight how these indicators of plant performance can be modified by the physical and biotic environment. For example, shrubs were more responsive to drought and high temperatures on shallow soils with limited capacity to store water and fine-textured soils with slow percolation rates, whereas perennial grasses were more responsive to precipitation in sparse shrublands than in relatively dense grasslands and shrublands, where competition for water is likely more intense. The responses and associated climate pivot points of plant species aligned with their lifespan and structural characteristics, and the relationship between responses and climate pivot points provides evidence of the trade-off between the capacity of a plant species to increase in abundance when water is available and its drought resistance. C1 US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Status and Trends Program; Climate and Land Use Program; Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DEB-0080412, DEB-0620482, DEB0618210]; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Arizona, and data provided from Canyonlands and Arches National Parks FX I thank Brad Butterfield, Dawn Browning, and Rick Meinzer for their critical reviews of earlier drafts of this paper and Heath Weaver for editorial assistance. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program, Climate and Land Use Program, and Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program and support from the National Park Service. Data provided by the Jornada (http://jornada. nmsu. edu) and Sevilleta (http://sev.lternet.edu) Long Term Ecological Research projects were funded by the National Science Foundation (Grants DEB-0080412, DEB-0620482, DEB0618210), data provided from Santa Rita Experimental Range (http://ag.arizona.edu/SRER) were funded by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and University of Arizona, and data provided from Canyonlands and Arches National Parks were funded by the National Park Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 AR UNSP 109 DI 10.1890/ES13-00132.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JN UT WOS:000327379700004 ER PT J AU Wiederholt, R Lopez-Hoffman, L Cline, J Medellin, RA Cryan, P Russell, A McCracken, G Diffendorfer, J Semmens, D AF Wiederholt, Ruscena Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Cline, Jon Medellin, Rodrigo A. Cryan, Paul Russell, Amy McCracken, Gary Diffendorfer, Jay Semmens, Darius TI Moving across the border: modeling migratory bat populations SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bat conservation; breeding roosts; Mexican free-tailed bats; migratory patterns; network models; Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana; US-Mexico cross-border migration routes. ID FREE-TAILED BATS; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS-MEXICANA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CARLSBAD-CAVERN; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; STRATEGIES; FATALITIES; FUTURE; GUANO AB The migration of animals across long distances and between multiple habitats presents a major challenge for conservation. For the migratory Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana), these challenges include identifying and protecting migratory routes and critical roosts in two countries, the United States and Mexico. Knowledge and conservation of bat migratory routes is critical in the face of increasing threats from climate change and wind turbines that might decrease migratory survival. We employ a new modeling approach for bat migration, network modeling, to simulate migratory routes between winter habitat in southern Mexico and summer breeding habitat in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. We use the model to identify key migratory routes and the roosts of greatest conservation value to the overall population. We measure roost importance by the degree to which the overall bat population declined when the roost was removed from the model. The major migratory routes-those with the greatest number of migrants-were between winter habitat in southern Mexico and summer breeding roosts in Texas and the northern Mexican states of Sonora and Nuevo Leon. The summer breeding roosts in Texas, Sonora, and Nuevo Leon were the most important for maintaining population numbers and network structure -these are also the largest roosts. This modeling approach contributes to conservation efforts by identifying the most influential areas for bat populations, and can be used to as a tool to improve our understanding of bat migration for other species. We anticipate this approach will help direct coordination of habitat protection across borders. C1 [Wiederholt, Ruscena; Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cline, Jon] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Cryan, Paul] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Russell, Amy] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [McCracken, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Diffendorfer, Jay; Semmens, Darius] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wiederholt, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rwiederholt@email.arizona.edu OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1118975]; Animal Migration and Spatial Subsidies: Establishing a Framework for Conservation Markets working group; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Dr. Laura Ellison for providing access to the USGS bat population database, and Dr. Merlin Tuttle and Fran Hutchins for providing information on the conservation status of summer bat roosts. We are also grateful to Robert Merideth, Dr. Robert Steidl, Dr. Kenneth Bagstad, and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by a National Science Foundation award (DEB-1118975) to L. Lopez-Hoffman. Additional support was received from the Animal Migration and Spatial Subsidies: Establishing a Framework for Conservation Markets working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, and funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 AR UNSP 114 DI 10.1890/ES13-00023.1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JN UT WOS:000327379700009 ER PT J AU Konstantinou, A Strickland, A Miller, E Vervoort, J Fisher, CM Wooden, J Valley, J AF Konstantinou, Alexandros Strickland, Ariel Miller, Elizabeth Vervoort, Jeffrey Fisher, Christopher M. Wooden, Joseph Valley, John TI Synextensional magmatism leading to crustal flow in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, northeastern Basin and Range SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article DE tectonics; igneous petrology; Basin and Range ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVIER THRUST BELT; EXTENDING CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NORTH-AMERICAN LITHOSPHERE; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; KIGLUAIK GNEISS DOME; CHALLIS FAULT SYSTEM; SEWARD PENINSULA; SOUTHERN IDAHO; FARALLON SLAB AB This study addresses the origin of granitic magmas in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex and environs and how these inform us about the deep crustal processes leading to crustal flow and the formation of the ARG. SHRIMP-RG U-Pb zircon ages, whole-rock geochemical data (major and trace element data, as well as Sr and Nd isotopes), and zircon geochemistry (in situ O-isotope, Hf-isotope, and trace element compositions) from Eocene to Oligocene magmas now exposed at three structural levels of the ARG show that the 41-32 Ma Emigrant Pass and the 32-25 Ma Cassia plutonic complexes have a common origin, sharing a deep crustal hot zone that remained above solidus temperatures for at least 16 Myr. This magmatism is part of the protracted magmatism that swept southward across the western U.S. between approximate to 42 and 21 Ma, inferred to be the result of foundering of the shallow Farallon slab. Isotopic modeling of geochemical data from these magmas suggests that between 41 and 32 Ma, the influx of mantle-derived basalt into the lower crust triggered large-scale hybrid magmatism generating calc-alkaline magmas that erupted and intruded the upper crust and significantly weakened the lower and middle crust. Between 32 and 25 Ma, this hot zone incorporated large amounts of continental crustal melts, resulting in greater mobility of the lower and middle crust, driving middle crustal flow and the formation of granitic plutons that rose to shallower levels of the crust forming the granite-cored gneiss domes of the ARG. C1 [Konstantinou, Alexandros; Miller, Elizabeth; Wooden, Joseph] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Strickland, Ariel; Valley, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, WiscSIMS, Madison, WI USA. [Vervoort, Jeffrey; Fisher, Christopher M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wooden, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Konstantinou, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM akonstan@stanford.edu RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 FU Stanford Graduate Fellowship; ExxonMobil Science grant; Leventis Foundation; Stanford McGee grant; National Science Foundation Tectonics Division [EAR-0809226, EAR-0948679]; NSF-EAR [0319230, 0744079, 1053466, 0844149, 1019877, 1119237] FX We would like to thank the Stanford Graduate Fellowship, the ExxonMobil Science grant, the Leventis Foundation, and the Stanford McGee grant for providing financial support for this project. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation Tectonics Division, grants EAR-0809226 and EAR-0948679, awarded to E. Miller. Gail Mahood, Marty Grove, and Simon Klemperer provided helpful discussions and insights that greatly improved this manuscript. This manuscript was improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. Noriko Kita and Kouki Kitajima are thanked for assistance with SIMS analysis of oxygen isotope ratios. WiscSIMS is partially supported by NSF-EAR grants 0319230, 0744079, and 1053466. The WSU Radiogenic Isotope and Geochronology Laboratory is partially supported by NSF-EAR grants 0844149, 1019877, and 1119237. Karrie Weaver and Caroline Harris are thanked for their help with the whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope analyses. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1403 DI 10.1002/tect.20085 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 256JH UT WOS:000327305800020 ER PT J AU Platt, SG Platt, K Myo, KM Moe, K Soe, MM Naing, TZ Lin, N Rainwater, TR AF Platt, Steven G. Platt, Kalyar Myo, Khin Myo Moe, Kyaw Soe, Me Me Naing, Thet Zaw Lin, Naing Rainwater, Thomas R. TI NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF CHELONIANS FROM THE CHINDWIN RIVER BASIN AND NAGA HILLS OFWESTERN MYANMAR SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chindwin River; Cuora mouhotii; Cyclemys fusca; Geochelone platynota; Indotestudo elongata; Melanochelys trijuga edeniana; Myanmar; Naga Hills ID CONSERVATION; EXPLOITATION; AYEYARWADY; MANAGEMENT; TURTLES AB The chelonian fauna of myanmar remains one of the least studied in Asia, and acquiring basic distributional data is an essential prerequisite for effective conservation planning. to this end, we investigated the occurrence, exploitation, and conservation status of chelonians in the Chindwin river basin and Naga hills of western myanmar during February-March 2012 and 2013. during this survey, we obtained specimen-based records of Burmese star tortoise (Geochelone platynota), yellow or elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), myanmar Brown leaf turtle (Cyclemys fusca), Burmese Black turtle (Melanochelys trijuga edeniana), and Keeled Box turtle (Cuora mouhotii). a G. platynota carapace that we obtained at Kani represents a significant northwards range extension and is the only documented occurrence of this tortoise from the west bank of the Chindwin river. our specimens of I. elongata and M. trujuga edeniana constitute the first records of either species from the Chindwin river basin. our specimens of C. fusca fill a distributional hiatus between the chin hills and Hukaung valley. the C. mouhotii we examined in the Naga hills are the only post-world war II records of this turtle in myanmar and represent a significant eastward range extension from neighboring Assam, India. we found no evidence of a commercially-driven harvest of chelonians in western myanmar. however, opportunistic subsistence harvesting is widespread in agricultural landscapes along the Chindwin river and occurring at levels that are probably unsustainable. in the Naga hills where human population density is low, villages are widely scattered, and extensive forested habitat remains, chelonian populations are probably secure, at least for the moment. C1 [Platt, Steven G.; Myo, Khin Myo; Moe, Kyaw; Naing, Thet Zaw; Lin, Naing] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Myanmar. [Platt, Kalyar; Soe, Me Me] Turtle Survival Alliance, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Myanmar. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston Field Off, 176 Croghan Spur Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com FU Andy Sabin; Sabin Family Foundation; Turtle Conservation Fund; Wildlife Conservation Society FX We thank U Win Tun (Minister of Environmental Conservation and Forestry), U Saw Lwin (Director General of Planning and Statistics Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry), U Tin Tun (Deputy Director General, Planning and Statistics Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry), U Aye Myint Maung (Director General, Forest Department), U Nyi Nyi Kyaw (Deputy Director General, Forest Department), and U Win Naing Thaw (Director, Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division) for granting us permission to conduct fieldwork in western Myanmar. We are especially grateful for the assistance of U Maung Win, U Zaw Naing Tun, and U Moe Myint Aung for accompanying us into the field and sharing their extensive knowledge of the region. We are also grateful to Htamanthi Forest Department staff and others who assisted us in the field. This project was made possible through the generous support of Andy Sabin and the Sabin Family Foundation, Turtle Conservation Fund, and Wildlife Conservation Society. U Than Myint, U Saw Htun, and the WCS Myanmar Program were instrumental in organizing logistics, facilitating fieldwork, and insuring the success of our expedition. Colin Poole, Rick Hudson, Brian Horne, Rob Tizzard, and Gerald Kuchling are thanked for suggestions and input throughout the project. Madeline Thompson obtained several obscure literature references, U Kyaw Thin Latt and U Kyaw Zay Ya assisted with map preparation, John Iverson kindly shared locality data for several species, and Lewis Medlock reviewed an early draft of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 335 EP 350 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 257AH UT WOS:000327354800006 ER PT J AU Barry, SJ Fellers, GM AF Barry, Sean J. Fellers, Gary M. TI HISTORY AND STATUS OF THE CALIFORNIA RED-LEGGED FROG (RANA DRAYTONII) IN THE SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, USA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bullfrog; California Red-legged Frog; historical records; mining; Rana draytonii; Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley; Sierra Nevada; status ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; AURORA-DRAYTONII; CONSERVATION; CATESBEIANA; BULLFROGS; COASTAL AB The status of the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii), a federally listed threatened species, has long been uncertain in the sierra Nevada range in eastern California, USA. We examined museum collections and historical records, and conducted 213 field surveys at 151 sites over 21 years to evaluate the status of this frog in the sierra Nevada. We documented only 20 sierra Nevada localities and one Cascades Mountains locality where R. draytonii occurred between 1916 and 1975, extending from Tehama County southeast about 405 km to Madera County. the elevation range of most of the historical localities was 200-900 m (about 40 km from lower to upper elevation), but three apparently extirpated populations that may have originated from deliberate translocations occurred at 1,500-1,536 m elevation in Yosemite national Park. We surveyed directly or within 5 km of 20 of the 21 historical sierra Nevada/Cascades R. draytonii localities and found that at least one of these historical populations persists today, in large numbers. We also discovered or confirmed six new sierra Nevada R. draytonii populations and individual frogs at three additional new sites, for a total of seven recent populations and three recent single-specimen occurrences extending from Butte County southeast about 275 km to Mariposa County. Historically, R. draytonii in the sierra Nevada probably bred in stream pools, which tend to be small with limited forage and thus may have constrained the historical size and number of sierra Nevada R. draytonii populations. since the 1850's, manmade ponds sometimes capable of supporting large R. draytonii populations have supplemented stream pool breeding habitat. excluding the southernmost and Yosemite historical localities, the current range of sierra Nevada R. draytonii differs little from the historical range, and further surveys may reveal additional surviving sierra Nevada R. draytonii populations. sierra Nevada R. draytonii are threatened primarily by habitat modification and loss related to human population increase. C1 [Barry, Sean J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Barry, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 276 Hoagland Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjbarry@thegrid.net FU Central Valley Project Habitat Restoration Program grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Bureau of Land Management FX We thank Jason Meigs, Cindy Roberts, Elena DeLacey, Don Hankins, Steve Morey, and John Brode for information on Sierra Nevada R. draytonii habitat. We thank the curatorial staffs of the museums noted in the paper for assistance with specimens and specimen data. We thank Norm Scott and Patrick Kleeman for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was conducted under Endangered Species Act Section 10(a)(1)(A) Permits TE827500 (SJB) and TE844852-2 (GMF) issued by the USFWS. This work was supported in part by a Central Valley Project Habitat Restoration Program grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Bureau of Land Management (SJB). This is contribution 415 of the U. S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 456 EP 502 PG 47 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 257AH UT WOS:000327354800018 ER PT J AU Nixon, Z Michel, J Hayes, MO Irvine, GV Short, J AF Nixon, Zachary Michel, Jacqueline Hayes, Miles O. Irvine, Gail V. Short, Jeffrey TI Geomorphic Factors Related to the Persistence of Subsurface Oil from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Applied Coastal Geomorphology to Honor Miles O. Hayes CY OCT 06-09, 2011 CL Columbia, SC DE Exxon Valdez; oil persistence; subsurface oil; Prince William Sound; Alaska; USA; geomorphology ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; GRAVEL BEACHES; ALASKA; SHORELINE; VULNERABILITY; SEDIMENTS; INDEX; GULF AB Oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill has persisted along shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska, for more than two decades as both surface and subsurface oil residues. To better understand the distribution of persistent subsurface oil and assess the potential need for further restoration, a thorough and quantitative understanding of the geomorphic factors controlling the presence or absence of subsurface oil is required. Data on oiling and geomorphic features were collected at 198 sites in Prince William Sound to identify and quantify the relationships among these geomorphic factors and the presence and absence of persistent subsurface oil. Geomorphic factors associated with the presence of subsurface oil were initial oil exposure, substrate permeability, topographic slope, low exposure to waves, armoring on gravel beaches, tombolos, natural breakwaters, and rubble accumulations. Geomorphic factors associated with the absence of subsurface oil were impermeable bedrock; platforms with thin sediment veneer; fine-grained, well-sorted gravel beaches with no armor; and low-permeability, raised bay-bottom beaches. Relationships were found between the geomorphic and physical site characteristics and the likelihood of encountering persistent subsurface oiling at those sites. There is quantitative evidence of more complex interactions between the overall wave energy incident at a site and the presence of fine-scale geomorphic features that may have provided smaller, local wave energy sheltering of oil. Similarly, these data provide evidence for interactions between the shoreline slope and the presence of angular rubble, with decreased likelihood for encountering subsurface oil at steeply sloped sites except at high-angle sheltered rubble shoreline locations. These results reinforce the idea that the interactions of beach permeability, stability, and site-specific wave exposure are key drivers for subsurface oil persistence in exposed and intermittently exposed mixed gravel beach and rocky shoreline environments. C1 [Nixon, Zachary; Michel, Jacqueline; Hayes, Miles O.] Res Planning Inc, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Short, Jeffrey] JWS Consulting, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Nixon, Z (reprint author), Res Planning Inc, 1121 Pk St, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. EM znixon@researchplanning.com FU NOAA [AB133F07CN0097] FX This study was funded under contract AB133F07CN0097 with NOAA. The fieldwork was supported by I. Cotsapas, L. Cotsapas, H. Dunagan, J. Holmes, T. Freeman, M. Tetreau, and M. White. We could not have excavated more than 6200 pits without the hard work of the following: S. Duernberger, C. Boswell, A. Floyd, D. Martinson, J. Klavu, J. Silkett, R. Tonsguard, J. Griffin, and N. Sorum. Michel Boufadel of Temple University provided input on the importance of beach hydrology. David and Annette Janka of the Auklet provided not only safe vessel operations but also their knowledge of the area throughout the fieldwork in PWS. We offer our special thanks to Daniel Mann for both dedicated assistance in the field and scientific guidance. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the federal government. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 27 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2013 SI 69 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.2112/SI_69_9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251TW UT WOS:000326954600009 ER PT J AU Egenhoff, SO Fishman, NS AF Egenhoff, Sven O. Fishman, Neil S. TI TRACES IN THE DARK-SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND FACIES GRADIENTS IN THE UPPER SHALE MEMBER OF THE UPPER DEVONIAN-LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN BAKKEN FORMATION, WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORELAND BASIN; ORGANIC-CARBON; GRAVITY FLOWS; MUD DISPERSAL; SUCCESSIONS; NOMENCLATURE; LITHOFACIES; MECHANISMS; ICHNOLOGY; MUDSTONES AB Black, organic-rich rocks of the upper shale member of the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation, a world-class petroleum source rock in the Williston Basin of the United States and Canada, contain a diverse suite of mudstone lithofacies that were deposited in distinct facies belts. The succession consists of three discrete fades associations (FAs). These comprise: 1) siliceous mudstones; 2) quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones; and 3) macrofossil-debris-bearing massive mudstones. These FAs were deposited in three facies belts that reflect proximal to distal relationships in this mudstone system. The macrofossil-debris-bearing massive mudstones (FA 3) occur in the proximal facies belt and contain erosion surfaces, some with overlying conodont and phosphate-lithoclast lag deposits, mudstones with abundant millimeter-scale siltstone laminae showing irregular lateral thickness changes, and shell debris. In the medial facies belt, quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones dominate, exhibiting sub-millimeter-thick siltstone layers with variable lateral thicknesses and localized mudstone ripples. In the distal siliceous mudstone facies belt, radiolarites, radiolarian-bearing mudstones, and quartz- and carbonate-bearing, laminated mudstones dominate. Overall, total organic carbon (TOC) contents range between about 3 and 10 wt %, with a general proximal to distal decrease in TOC content. Abundant evidence of bioturbation exists in all FAs, and the lithological and TOC variations are paralleled by changes in burrowing style and trace-fossil abundance. While two horizontal traces and two types of fecal strings are recognized in the proximal facies belt, only a single horizontal trace fossil and one type of fecal string characterize mudstones in the distal fades belt. Radiolarites intercalated into the most distal mudstones are devoid of traces and fecal strings. Bedload transport processes, likely caused by storm-induced turbidity currents, were active across all facies belts. Suspended sediment settling from near the ocean surface, however, most likely played a role in the deposition of some of the mudstones, and was probably responsible for deposition of the radiolarites. The distribution pattern of high-TOC sediments in proximal and lower-TOC deposits in some distal facies is interpreted as a function of higher accumulation rates during radiolarian depositional events leading to a decrease in suspension-derived organic carbon in radiolarite laminae. The presence of burrows in all FAs and nearly all facies in the upper Bakken shale member indicates that dysoxic conditions prevailed during its deposition. This study shows that in intracratonic high-TOC mudstone successions such as the upper Bakken shale member bed-load processes most likely dominated sedimentation, and conditions promoted a thriving infaunal benthic community. As such, deposition of the upper Bakken shale member through dynamic processes in an overall dysoxic environment represents an alternative to conventional anoxic depositional models for world-class source rocks. C1 [Egenhoff, Sven O.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fishman, Neil S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Egenhoff, SO (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, 322 Nat Resources Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Sven.Egenhoff@colostate.edu NR 62 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 83 IS 9-10 BP 803 EP 824 DI 10.2110/jsr.2013.60 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA 250LH UT WOS:000326853800004 ER PT J AU Perignon, MC Tucker, GE Griffin, ER Friedman, JM AF Perignon, M. C. Tucker, G. E. Griffin, E. R. Friedman, J. M. TI Effects of riparian vegetation on topographic change during a large flood event, Rio Puerco, New Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Review DE lidar; vegetation; sedimentation; tamarisk; arroyo ID AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; WOODY BANK VEGETATION; AQUATIC VEGETATION; SALTCEDAR CONTROL; DRYLAND RIVERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHANNEL FLOW AB The spatial distribution of riparian vegetation can strongly influence the geomorphic evolution of dryland rivers during large floods. We present the results of an airborne lidar differencing study that quantifies the topographic change that occurred along a 12km reach of the Lower Rio Puerco, New Mexico, during an extreme event in 2006. Extensive erosion of the channel banks took place immediately upstream of the study area, where tamarisk and sandbar willow had been removed. Within the densely vegetated study reach, we measure a net volumetric change of 578,050 +/-similar to 490,000m(3), with 88.3% of the total aggradation occurring along the floodplain and channel and 76.7% of the erosion focusing on the vertical valley walls. The sediment derived from the devegetated reach deposited within the first 3.6km of the study area, with depth decaying exponentially with distance downstream. Elsewhere, floodplain sediments were primarily sourced from the erosion of valley walls. Superimposed on this pattern are the effects of vegetation and valley morphology on sediment transport. Sediment thickness is seen to be uniform among sandbar willows and highly variable within tamarisk groves. These reach-scale patterns of sedimentation observed in the lidar differencing likely reflect complex interactions of vegetation, flow, and sediment at the scale of patches to individual plants. C1 [Perignon, M. C.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perignon, M. C.; Tucker, G. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Griffin, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Friedman, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Perignon, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Campus Box 399,2200 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM perignon@colorado.edu RI Perignon, Mariela/J-5627-2016; OI Perignon, Mariela/0000-0002-1467-6103; Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663; TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program [EAR-1043051]; NSF [EAR-1246546]; Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) Foundation Bolyard Scholarship; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Graduate Student Research Fellowship FX The acquisition and processing of the 2010 lidar data was completed by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM - http://www.ncalm.org). NCALM funding was provided by NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program. EAR-1043051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5069/G9HT2M76. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR-1246546 to G. T. The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) Foundation Bolyard Scholarship and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Graduate Student Research Fellowship provided support to M. P. We are grateful for field assistance from A. Langston, F. Rengers, and C. Walker. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers, A. Densmore, and P. Kinzel for constructive and helpful review comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 128 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1193 EP 1209 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20073 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 238VC UT WOS:000325978500001 ER PT J AU Bradley, DN Tucker, GE AF Bradley, D. Nathan Tucker, Gregory E. TI The storage time, age, and erosion hazard of laterally accreted sediment on the floodplain of a simulated meandering river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE Sediment storage time; Floodplains; Meandering rivers; Erosion hazard; Sediment age ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; RESIDENCE TIME; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; DEBRIS-FLOW; POINT-BAR; TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; RESERVOIRS; ABRASION; DEPOSITS AB A sediment particle traversing the fluvial system may spend the majority of the total transit time at rest, stored in various sedimentary deposits. Floodplains are among the most important of these deposits, with the potential to store large amounts of sediment for long periods of time. The virtual velocity of a sediment grain depends strongly on the amount of time spent in storage, but little is known about sediment storage times. Measurements of floodplain vegetation age have suggested that storage times are exponentially distributed, a case that arises when all the sediment on a floodplain is equally vulnerable to erosion in a given interval. This assumption has been incorporated into sediment routing models, despite some evidence that younger sediment is more likely to be eroded from floodplains than older sediment. We investigate the relationship between sediment age and erosion, which we term the erosion hazard, with a model of a meandering river that constructs its floodplain by lateral accretion. We find that the erosion hazard decreases with sediment age, leading to a storage time distribution that is not exponential. We propose an alternate model that requires that channel motion is approximately diffusive and results in a heavy tailed distribution of storage time. The model applies to timescales over which the direction of channel motion is uncorrelated. We speculate that the lower end of this range of time is set by the meander cutoff timescale and the upper end is set by processes that limit the width of the meander belt. C1 [Bradley, D. Nathan] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bradley, DN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM nbradley@usgs.gov OI TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU USGS Mendenhall fellowship; Office of Naval Research [N0001409IP20057, N0001411IP20051]; Army Research Office [47033-EV] FX We thank Alex Densmore (editor), Stephen Lancaster (associate editor), Jonathan Friedman, Jim Pizutto, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the focus of the manuscript. Bob Anderson and Dave Benson reviewed an early draft of the manuscript. Thanks also to Sidney Redner for clarifying certain aspects of first passage time processes. While completing this work, Nate Bradley was supported by a USGS Mendenhall fellowship and the Office of Naval Research through awards N0001409IP20057 (Computational Modeling of River Flow, Sediment Transport, and Bed Evolution Using Remotely Sensed Bathymetry) and N0001411IP20051 (Development and Testing of Physically Based Methods for Filling Gaps in Remotely Sensed River Data) to J.M. Nelson. Earlier work on the project at the University of Colorado was supported by the Army Research Office grant, proposal number 47033-EV. We acknowledge computing time on the CU-CSDMS High-Performance Computing Cluster. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1308 EP 1319 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20083 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 238VC UT WOS:000325978500009 ER PT J AU Kapfer, JM Sloss, BL Schuurman, GW Paloski, RA Lorch, JM AF Kapfer, Joshua M. Sloss, Brian L. Schuurman, Gregor W. Paloski, Rori A. Lorch, Jeffrey M. TI Evidence of Hybridization between Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) and Butler's Gartersnakes (Thamnophis butleri) in Wisconsin, USA SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SNAKES; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; INFERENCE; INDIVIDUALS; PARIETALIS; SEQUENCE; HYBRIDS; LOCI AB Snakes within the genus Thamnophis (Gartersnakes and Ribbonsnakes) are often found in sympatry throughout their geographic distributions. Past work has indicated that some sympatric species within this genus may hybridize, but research of this nature is limited. We attempted to determine whether hybridization occurs between two Thamnophis species native to the upper midwestern United States: Common Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and the Butler's Gartersnake (Thamnophis butleri). We sampled snakes (n = 411) across 26 locations in Wisconsin, including sites where both species coexist and sites where only Common Gartersnakes are found. We conducted genetic analyses on tissue collected from individuals field-identified as Common Gartersnakes or Butler's Gartersnakes. To verify the results of our field-collected data, we analyzed tissues from juvenile snakes (n = 4) suspected to be the offspring of a Common Gartersnake and a Butler's Gartersnake that were housed together in a captive situation. Of the field-collected snakes analyzed, eight snakes were consistent with expected Common X Butler's Gartersnake hybrids. All four of the captive offspring analyzed resolved as putative hybrids, corresponding with our field-collected samples. Butler's Gartersnake is a globally rare species, endemic only to the upper midwestern United States. Studies involving the potential for hybridization between common and uncommon species are useful from a conservation perspective. The low incidence of hybridization we observed would indicate that hybridization between these species is uncommon. Further research investigating rates of hybridization would help assess any potential threat posed by outbreeding between common and rare gartersnakes in this region of the United States. C1 [Kapfer, Joshua M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.; Paloski, Rori A.] Bur Nat Heritage Conservat, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kapfer, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. EM kapferj@uww.edu OI Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1670/12-057 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 239CH UT WOS:000325998800002 ER PT J AU Stonedahl, SH Harvey, JW Packman, AI AF Stonedahl, Susa H. Harvey, Judson W. Packman, Aaron I. TI Interactions between hyporheic flow produced by stream meanders, bars, and dunes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic; streams; modeling; multiscale ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RIVER MEANDERS; HEADWATER STREAMS; CHANNEL SIZE; BED FORMS; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; WATER; ZONE; PHOSPHORUS AB Stream channel morphology from grain-scale roughness to large meanders drives hyporheic exchange flow. In practice, it is difficult to model hyporheic flow over the wide spectrum of topographic features typically found in rivers. As a result, many studies only characterize isolated exchange processes at a single spatial scale. In this work, we simulated hyporheic flows induced by a range of geomorphic features including meanders, bars and dunes in sand bed streams. Twenty cases were examined with 5 degrees of river meandering. Each meandering river model was run initially without any small topographic features. Models were run again after superimposing only bars and then only dunes, and then run a final time after including all scales of topographic features. This allowed us to investigate the relative importance and interactions between flows induced by different scales of topography. We found that dunes typically contributed more to hyporheic exchange than bars and meanders. Furthermore, our simulations show that the volume of water exchanged and the distributions of hyporheic residence times resulting from various scales of topographic features are close to, but not linearly additive. These findings can potentially be used to develop scaling laws for hyporheic flow that can be widely applied in streams and rivers. C1 [Stonedahl, Susa H.; Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Packman, AI (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM a-packman@northwestern.edu RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF EAR-0408733, NSF EAR-0810270]; U.S. Geological Survey's HRD program; U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge U.S. National Science Foundation grants NSF EAR-0408733 and NSF EAR-0810270 and the U.S. Geological Survey's HR&D and NAWQA programs for financial support, and thank Northwestern's Quest HPCC for providing computational resources. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5450 EP 5461 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20400 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100025 ER PT J AU Landers, MN Sturm, TW AF Landers, Mark N. Sturm, Terry W. TI Hysteresis in suspended sediment to turbidity relations due to changing particle size distributions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; sediment transport; turbidity; streamflow; particle size distribution ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NUTRIENT FLUXES; TRACE-ELEMENT; LOAD; CALIBRATION; SENSORS; GEORGIA; EVENTS; RUNOFF; STREAM AB Turbidity (T) is the most ubiquitous of surrogate technologies used to estimate suspended-sediment concentration (SSC). The effects of sediment size on turbidity are well documented; however, effects from changes in particle size distributions (PSD) are rarely evaluated. Hysteresis in relations of SSC-to-turbidity (SSC approximate to T) for single stormflow events was observed and quantified for a dataset of 195 concurrent measurements of SSC, turbidity, discharge, velocity, and volumetric PSD collected during five stormflows in 2009-2010 on Yellow River at Gees Mill Road in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Regressions of SSC-normalized turbidity (T/SSC) on concurrently measured PSD percentiles show an inverse, exponential influence of particle size on turbidity that is not constant across the size range of the PSD. The majority of the influence of PSD on T/SSC is from particles of fine silt and smaller sizes (finer than 16 mu m). This study shows that small changes in the often assumed stability of the PSD are significant to SSC approximate to T relations. Changes of only 5 mu m in the fine silt and smaller size fractions of suspended sediment PSD can produce hysteresis in the SSC approximate to T rating that can increase error and produce bias. Observed SSC approximate to T hysteresis may be an indicator of changes in sediment properties during stormflows and of potential changes in sediment sources. Trends in the PSD time series indicate that sediment transport is capacity limited for sand-sized sediment in the channel and supply limited for fine silt and smaller sediment from the hillslope. C1 [Landers, Mark N.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Sturm, Terry W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Landers, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 1770 Corp Dr,Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. EM landers@usgs.gov OI Landers, Mark/0000-0002-3014-0480 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The financial and collegial support of the U.S. Geological Survey for this work is gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5487 EP 5500 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20394 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100028 ER PT J AU Cozzetto, KD Bencala, KE Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM AF Cozzetto, Karen D. Bencala, Kenneth E. Gooseff, Michael N. McKnight, Diane M. TI The influence of stream thermal regimes and preferential flow paths on hyporheic exchange in a glacial meltwater stream SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic exchange; stream temperatures; hyporheic temperatures; glacial meltwater streams; dry valleys; Antarctica; climate change ID MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; GRAVEL-BED RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRYXELL BASIN; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; ANTARCTICA; ZONE; TRACER AB Given projected increases in stream temperatures attributable to global change, improved understanding of relationships between stream temperatures and hyporheic exchange would be useful. We conducted two conservative tracer injection experiments in a glacial meltwater stream, to evaluate the effects of hyporheic thermal gradients on exchange processes, including preferential flow paths (PFPs). The experiments were conducted on the same day, the first (a stream injection) during a cool, morning period and the second (dual stream and hyporheic injections) during a warm, afternoon period. In the morning, the hyporheic zone was thermally uniform at 4 degrees C, whereas by the afternoon the upper 10 cm had warmed to 6-12 degrees C and exhibited greater temperature heterogeneity. Solute transport modeling showed that hyporheic cross-sectional areas (A(s)) at two downstream sites were two and seven times lower during the warm experiment. Exchange metrics indicated that the hyporheic zone had less influence on downstream solute transport during the warm, afternoon experiment. Calculated hyporheic depths were less than 5 cm, contrasting with tracer detection at 10 and 25 cm depths. The hyporheic tracer arrival at one downstream site was rapid, comparable to the in-stream tracer arrival, providing evidence for PFPs. We thus propose a conceptual view of the hyporheic zone in this reach as being dominated by discrete PFPs weaving through hydraulically isolated areas. One explanation for the simultaneous increase in temperature heterogeneity and A(s) decrease in a warmer hyporheic zone may be a flow path preferentiality feedback mechanism resulting from a combination of temperature-related viscosity decreases and streambed heterogeneity. C1 [Cozzetto, Karen D.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gooseff, Michael N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cozzetto, KD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 401 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kcozzetto@colorado.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 FU National Science Foundation's McMurdo Dry Valley's Long-Term Ecological Research Program [ANT-1115245] FX We thank the many people who helped out with both tracer experiments, especially Josh Koch and Shannon Horn with the University of Colorado and Kirk Miller and Ray Woodruff with the USGS Wyoming Water Science Center. Valuable logistical support was provided by Raytheon Polar Services and PHI Helicopters, Inc. We thank John Drexler of the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Environmental and Geological Studies for analytical assistance and Rob Runkel for help with the OTIS-P modeling. The authors also appreciate the input provided by Hari Rajaram. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation's McMurdo Dry Valley's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (ANT-1115245). NR 61 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5552 EP 5569 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20410 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100032 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Day-Lewis, FD Ong, JBT Curtis, GP Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Ong, John B. T. Curtis, Gary P. Lane, John W. TI Simultaneous estimation of local-scale and flow path-scale dual-domain mass transfer parameters using geoelectrical monitoring SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rate-limited mass transfer; geophysics; solute transport; Damkohler number ID TRANSFER RATE COEFFICIENTS; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; SURFACE-REACTIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; AQUIFER; URANIUM(VI); SEDIMENTS; MEDIA; SITE AB Anomalous solute transport, modeled as rate-limited mass transfer, has an observable geoelectrical signature that can be exploited to infer the controlling parameters. Previous experiments indicate the combination of time-lapse geoelectrical and fluid conductivity measurements collected during ionic tracer experiments provides valuable insight into the exchange of solute between mobile and immobile porosity. Here, we use geoelectrical measurements to monitor tracer experiments at a former uranium mill tailings site in Naturita, Colorado. We use nonlinear regression to calibrate dual-domain mass transfer solute-transport models to field data. This method differs from previous approaches by calibrating the model simultaneously to observed fluid conductivity and geoelectrical tracer signals using two parameter scales: effective parameters for the flow path upgradient of the monitoring point and the parameters local to the monitoring point. We use regression statistics to rigorously evaluate the information content and sensitivity of fluid conductivity and geophysical data, demonstrating multiple scales of mass transfer parameters can simultaneously be estimated. Our results show, for the first time, field-scale spatial variability of mass transfer parameters (i.e., exchange-rate coefficient, porosity) between local and upgradient effective parameters; hence our approach provides insight into spatial variability and scaling behavior. Additional synthetic modeling is used to evaluate the scope of applicability of our approach, indicating greater range than earlier work using temporal moments and a Lagrangian-based Damkohler number. The introduced Eulerian-based Damkohler is useful for estimating tracer injection duration needed to evaluate mass transfer exchange rates that range over several orders of magnitude. C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Ong, John B. T.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM martybriggs.1@gmail.com OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program [DE-SC0003681, DE-SC0001773]; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge field assistance from Emily Voytek, Eric White, Peter Joesten, and Cian Dawson. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program grants DE-SC0003681 and DE-SC0001773 and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5615 EP 5630 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20397 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100036 ER PT J AU Palmsten, ML Holland, KT Plant, NG AF Palmsten, Margaret L. Holland, K. Todd Plant, Nathaniel G. TI Velocity estimation using a Bayesian network in a critical-habitat reach of the Kootenai River, Idaho SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian network; depth-averaged velocity; probabilistic predictions ID WHITE STURGEON; SPAWNING HABITAT; MODEL; DEPTH; FLOW AB Numerous numerical modeling studies have been completed in support of an extensive recovery program for the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) on the Kootenai River near Bonner's Ferry, ID. A technical hurdle in the interpretation of these model results is the transfer of information from the specialist to nonspecialist such that practical decisions utilizing the numerical simulations can be made. To address this, we designed and trained a Bayesian network to provide probabilistic prediction of depth-averaged velocity. Prediction of this critical parameter governing suitable spawning habitat was obtained by exploiting the dynamic relationships between variables derived from model simulations with associated parameter uncertainties. Postdesign assessment indicates that the most influential environmental variables in order of importance are river discharge, depth, and width, and water surface slope. We demonstrate that the probabilistic network not only reproduces the training data with accuracy similar to the accuracy of a numerical model (root-mean-squared error of 0.10 m/s), but that it makes reliable predictions on the same river at times and locations other than where the network was trained (root mean squared error of 0.09 m/s). Additionally, the network showed similar skill (root mean square error of 0.04 m/s) when predicting velocity on the Apalachicola River, FL, a river of similar shape and size to the Kootenai River where a related sturgeon population is also threatened. C1 [Palmsten, Margaret L.; Holland, K. Todd] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Palmsten, ML (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7430, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM margaret.palmsten.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Special thanks to Anke Becker for performing numerical simulations used in the training set and Jamie MacMahan and his team at Naval Postgraduate School for supporting the Kootenai River field effort. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5865 EP 5879 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20361 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100053 ER PT J AU Lu, D Ye, M Meyer, PD Curtis, GP Shi, XQ Niu, XF Yabusaki, SB AF Lu, Dan Ye, Ming Meyer, Philip D. Curtis, Gary P. Shi, Xiaoqing Niu, Xu-Feng Yabusaki, Steve B. TI Effects of error covariance structure on estimation of model averaging weights and predictive performance SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE model structure error; time series analysis; serial correlation; measurement error; surface complexation model; logscore ID UNSATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY; IDENTIFICATION; FLOW; PROBABILITIES; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; INFERENCE AB [1] When conducting model averaging for assessing groundwater conceptual model uncertainty, the averaging weights are often evaluated using model selection criteria such as AIC, AICc, BIC, and KIC (Akaike Information Criterion, Corrected Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Kashyap Information Criterion, respectively). However, this method often leads to an unrealistic situation in which the best model receives overwhelmingly large averaging weight (close to 100%), which cannot be justified by available data and knowledge. It was found in this study that this problem was caused by using the covariance matrix, C-epsilon, of measurement errors for estimating the negative log likelihood function common to all the model selection criteria. This problem can be resolved by using the covariance matrix, Cek, of total errors (including model errors and measurement errors) to account for the correlation between the total errors. An iterative two-stage method was developed in the context of maximum likelihood inverse modeling to iteratively infer the unknown Cek from the residuals during model calibration. The inferred Cek was then used in the evaluation of model selection criteria and model averaging weights. While this method was limited to serial data using time series techniques in this study, it can be extended to spatial data using geostatistical techniques. The method was first evaluated in a synthetic study and then applied to an experimental study, in which alternative surface complexation models were developed to simulate column experiments of uranium reactive transport. It was found that the total errors of the alternative models were temporally correlated due to the model errors. The iterative two-stage method using Cek resolved the problem that the best model receives 100% model averaging weight, and the resulting model averaging weights were supported by the calibration results and physical understanding of the alternative models. Using Cek obtained from the iterative two-stage method also improved predictive performance of the individual models and model averaging in both synthetic and experimental studies. C1 [Lu, Dan; Ye, Ming; Shi, Xiaoqing] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Meyer, Philip D.; Yabusaki, Steve B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shi, Xiaoqing] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Niu, Xu-Feng] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Ye, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mye@fsu.edu RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008; Shi, Xiaoqing/G-4439-2010; OI Shi, Xiaoqing/0000-0002-5074-8856; Meyer, Philip/0000-0002-8714-4693 FU NSF-EAR [0911074]; DOE-SBR [DE-SC0002687] FX This work was supported in part by NSF-EAR grant 0911074 and DOE-SBR grant DE-SC0002687. We thank Matthias Kohler for providing the experimental data and concentration error estimates for the laboratory column study. We also thank Claire Tiedeman and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 89 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 6029 EP 6047 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20441 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100064 ER PT J AU Horstmann, T Harrington, RM Cochran, ES AF Horstmann, T. Harrington, R. M. Cochran, E. S. TI Semiautomated tremor detection using a combined cross-correlation and neural network approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Self-Organized Map (SOM); automated event detection; tectonic tremor ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; CALIFORNIA; BENEATH; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMOGRAMS AB Despite observations of tectonic tremor in many locations around the globe, the emergent phase arrivals, low-amplitude waveforms, and variable event durations make automatic detection a nontrivial task. In this study, we employ a new method to identify tremor in large data sets using a semiautomated technique. The method first reduces the data volume with an envelope cross-correlation technique, followed by a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm to identify and classify event types. The method detects tremor in an automated fashion after calibrating for a specific data set, hence we refer to it as being semiautomated. We apply the semiautomated detection algorithm to a newly acquired data set of waveforms from a temporary deployment of 13 seismometers near Cholame, California, from May 2010 to July 2011. We manually identify tremor events in a 3 week long test data set and compare to the SOM output and find a detection accuracy of 79.5%. Detection accuracy improves with increasing signal-to-noise ratios and number of available stations. We find detection completeness of 96% for tremor events with signal-to-noise ratios above 3 and optimal results when data from at least 10 stations are available. We compare the SOM algorithm to the envelope correlation method of Wech and Creager and find the SOM performs significantly better, at least for the data set examined here. Using the SOM algorithm, we detect 2606 tremor events with a cumulative signal duration of nearly 55 h during the 13 month deployment. Overall, the SOM algorithm is shown to be a flexible new method that utilizes characteristics of the waveforms to identify tremor from noise or other seismic signals. C1 [Horstmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, DE-76185 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Harrington, R. M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cochran, E. S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Horstmann, T (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Hertzstr 16, DE-76185 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM Tobias.Horstmann@kit.edu FU "Concept of the Future" of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF [EAR-0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008] FX The work was supported by funding from the "Concept of the Future" of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) within the framework of the national "Initiative for Excellence". Additionally, this research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0529922 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 1639. The authors would like to thank David R. Shelly, Arthur F. McGarr, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. The KABBA network provided seismic data from the temporary station deployment, and the permanent seismic data are distributed by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC). The HRSN data as well as the BDSN data are contributed by the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. The ANSS Worldwide Earthquake Catalog is provided by Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The authors would like to thank the landowners for permission to install seismic stations on their property. In addition, we would like to thank Werner Scherer, Kayla Kroll, Tien-Hui Wang, and Peter Duffner for their help during station services and deployment. All calculations of the neural network algorithm in section 3.3 were performed using the SOM Toolbox of Vesanto [2000]. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4827 EP 4846 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50345 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000010 ER PT J AU Shelly, DR Hill, DP Massin, F Farrell, J Smith, RB Taira, T AF Shelly, David R. Hill, David P. Massin, Frederick Farrell, Jamie Smith, Robert B. Taira, Taka'aki TI A fluid-driven earthquake swarm on the margin of the Yellowstone caldera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake swarms; Yellowstone; fluids ID PORE-PRESSURE DIFFUSION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; CRUSTAL UPLIFT; VOLCANIC FIELD; NATIONAL-PARK; FAULT ZONE; SEISMICITY; PERMEABILITY; FRACTURE; VALLEY AB Over the past several decades, the Yellowstone caldera has experienced frequent earthquake swarms and repeated cycles of uplift and subsidence, reflecting dynamic volcanic and tectonic processes. Here we examine the detailed spatial-temporal evolution of the 2010 Madison Plateau swarm, which occurred near the northwest boundary of the Yellowstone caldera. To fully explore the evolution of the swarm, we integrated procedures for seismic waveform-based earthquake detection with precise double-difference relative relocation. Using cross correlation of continuous seismic data and waveform templates constructed from cataloged events, we detected and precisely located 8710 earthquakes during the 3 week swarm, nearly 4 times the number of events included in the standard catalog. This high-resolution analysis reveals distinct migration of earthquake activity over the course of the swarm. The swarm initiated abruptly on 17 January 2010 at about 10 km depth and expanded dramatically outward (both shallower and deeper) over time, primarily along a NNW striking, similar to 55 degrees ENE dipping structure. To explain these characteristics, we hypothesize that the swarm was triggered by the rupture of a zone of confined high-pressure aqueous fluids into a preexisting crustal fault system, prompting release of accumulated stress. The high-pressure fluid injection may have been accommodated by hybrid shear and dilatational failure, as is commonly observed in exhumed hydrothermally affected fault zones. This process has likely occurred repeatedly in Yellowstone as aqueous fluids exsolved from magma migrate into the brittle crust, and it may be a key element in the observed cycles of caldera uplift and subsidence. C1 [Shelly, David R.; Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Massin, Frederick] BRGM Guadeloupe Observ, Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. [Farrell, Jamie; Smith, Robert B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Taira, Taka'aki] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dshelly@usgs.gov RI Taira, Taka'aki/L-5839-2013 OI Taira, Taka'aki/0000-0002-6170-797X FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028, EAR-0732947]; Brinson Foundation; University of Utah; U.S. Geological Survey FX The seismic data for this study were from the Yellowstone Seismic Network, operated by the University of Utah, and from the Plate Boundary Observatory, operated by UNAVCO for EarthScope and support by the National Science Foundation (No. EAR-0350028 and EAR-0732947). Data were retrieved from the IRIS data center and from the UUSS. Support for the University of Utah authors F. Massin, J. Farrell, and R. B. Smith, respectively, were from The Brinson Foundation, the University of Utah, other private foundations, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Agreement G10AC00124, and Yellowstone National Park supported the operation of the Yellowstone Seismic Network. We are grateful for comments and reviews of this manuscript in various states from Serge Shapiro, Ole Kaven, Chuck Wicks, Shaul Hurwitz, and Jake Lowenstern and for discussions with Andy Michael, Bob Christiansen, and Peter Cervelli, all of which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 82 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4872 EP 4886 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50362 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000013 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Simpson, RW AF Savage, J. C. Simpson, R. W. TI Clustering of velocities in a GPS network spanning the Sierra Nevada Block, the Northern Walker Lane Belt, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt, California-Nevada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Clustering velocities; Walker Lane; Central Nevada seismic belt ID VISCOELASTIC-COUPLING MODEL; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EARTHQUAKE CYCLE; PLATE BOUNDARY; EVOLUTION; DRIVEN; MOTION; RATES; ZONE AB The deformation across the Sierra Nevada Block, the Walker Lane Belt, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt (CNSB) between 38.5 degrees N and 40.5 degrees N has been analyzed by clustering GPS velocities to identify coherent blocks. Cluster analysis determines the number of clusters required and assigns the GPS stations to the proper clusters. The clusters are shown on a fault map by symbols located at the positions of the GPS stations, each symbol representing the cluster to which the velocity of that GPS station belongs. Fault systems that separate the clusters are readily identified on such a map. Four significant clusters are identified. Those clusters are strips separated by (from west to east) the Mohawk Valley-Genoa fault system, the Pyramid Lake-Wassuk fault system, and the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. The strain rates within the westernmost three clusters approximate simple right-lateral shear (similar to 13 nstrain/a) across vertical planes roughly parallel to the cluster boundaries. Clustering does not recognize the longitudinal segmentation of the Walker Lane Belt into domains dominated by either northwesterly trending, right-lateral faults or northeasterly trending, left-lateral faults. C1 [Savage, J. C.; Simpson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 907, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jasavage@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4937 EP 4947 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50340 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000018 ER PT J AU Kaven, JO Pollard, DD AF Kaven, J. Ole Pollard, David D. TI Geometry of crustal faults: Identification from seismicity and implications for slip and stress transfer models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE fault geometry; stress transfer; Landers earthquake ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STATIC STRESS; JOSHUA-TREE; RUPTURE; AFTERSHOCKS; ZONE; LOCATION; SURFACES AB Geometric complexities of faults and fault systems are first-order effects that complicate the mechanics of faulting and physics of earthquakes. We investigate the importance of this complexity using relocated seismicity from a catalog of events for the Joshua Tree-Landers earthquake sequence and present a new method to locate faults or fault systems in clouds of seismicity. The abundance and ever improved accuracy of earthquake and microseismic location of such events permits a better understanding of the geometric intricacies of fault systems. The proposed method assumes that seismicity is most abundant in the central fault zone and the spatial density of seismicity is used to locate finite width fault zones and construct fault surfaces from the seismicity. The method is different from statistical fits (e.g., L1- and L2-norm fits) in that it does not suppose a decay of seismicity from the central fault zone and that it identifies the tiplines of faults from the fault zone seismicity directly. In the Joshua Tree-Landers earthquake catalog, the method identifies 10 separate fault segments ranging in average strike from north-south to east-west that compare well with surface trace fault maps. These faults exhibit significant nonplanarity with the Joshua Tree fault departing from a planar approximation by more than 2000m. The mechanical effects of the geometrically complex fault surfaces are illustrated by inverting for coseismic slip using surface displacements and when compared to slip inversions on planar faults reveal a more complicated pattern of slip on the fault. The low RMS error in surface displacement, the good match to geodetic moment, and robust estimates of maximum slip compare well to the results for planar faults. The inverted slip distributions are used to solve the quasi-static fault stress transfer problem and estimate the tractions changes by slip on the Joshua Tree fault on the fault segments involved in the Landers earthquake. We find that the propensity for slip on the Landers faults increased in regions of initiation and largest slip during the subsequent event. The geometrically complex models predict greater likelihood for slip along the northern faults involved in the Landers earthquake than the commonly used planar and vertical four-fault models. C1 [Kaven, J. Ole; Pollard, David D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kaven, JO (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM okaven@usgs.gov FU Stanford Rock Fracture Project FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Stanford Rock Fracture Project. We thank the associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews. We also thank Eva Zanzerkia and Greg Beroza for providing the seismic catalog and Ben Brooks and Mike Beavis for use of their tridis code. The RANSAC algorithm was adapted from Kovesi [2008]. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 5058 EP 5070 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50356 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000026 ER PT J AU Rigge, M Smart, A Wylie, B Gilmanov, T Johnson, P AF Rigge, Matthew Smart, Alexander Wylie, Bruce Gilmanov, Tagir Johnson, Patricia TI Linking Phenology and Biomass Productivity in South Dakota Mixed-Grass Prairie SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE C-3 and C-4 species; land management; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); plant communities; remote sensing ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; GREAT-PLAINS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WATER-USE; CLIMATE; NDVI; C-3; USA; COMMUNITIES; PERFORMANCE AB Assessing the health of rangeland ecosystems based solely on annual biomass production does not fully describe the condition of the plant community; the phenology of production can provide inferences about species composition, successional stage, and grazing impacts. We evaluated the productivity and phenology of western South Dakota mixed-grass prairie in the period from 2000 to 2008 using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The NDVI is based on 250-m spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. Growing-season NDVI images were integrated weekly to produce time-integrated NDVI (TIN), a proxy of total annual biomass production, and integrated seasonally to represent annual production by cool- and warm-season species (C-3 and C-4, respectively). Additionally, a variety of phenological indicators including cool-season percentage of TIN were derived from the seasonal profiles of NDVI. Cool-season percentage and TIN were combined to generate vegetation classes, which served as proxies of the conditions of plant communities. TIN decreased with precipitation from east to west across the study area. However, the cool-season percentage increased from east to west, following patterns related to the reliability (interannual coefficient of variation [CV]) and quantity of midsummer precipitation. Cool-season TIN averaged 76.8% of the total TIN. Seasonal accumulation of TIN corresponded closely (R-2>0.90) to that of gross photosynthesis data from a carbon flux tower. Field-collected biomass and community composition data were strongly related to TIN and cool-season percentage. The patterns of vegetation classes were responsive to topographic, edaphic, and land management influences on plant communities. Accurate maps of biomass production, cool- and warm-season composition, and vegetation classes can improve the efficiency of land management by facilitating the adjustment of stocking rates and season of use to maximize rangeland productivity and achieve conservation objectives. Further, our results clarify the spatial and temporal dynamics of phenology and TIN in mixed-grass prairie. C1 [Rigge, Matthew] Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rigge, Matthew; Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Smart, Alexander] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Johnson, Patricia] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, West River Agr Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Rigge, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mrigge@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009 FU USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) [2009-51130-06014]; US Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Program, Research and Development Program; USGS [G08PC91508] FX Research was funded by the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) 2009-51130-06014, and the US Geological Survey, Climate and Land Use Change Program, Research and Development Program. Work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 36 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 5 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229BU UT WOS:000325237600009 ER PT J AU Tobiska, WK Knipp, D Burke, WJ Bouwer, D Bailey, J Odstrcil, D Hagan, MP Gannon, J Bowman, BR AF Tobiska, W. K. Knipp, D. Burke, W. J. Bouwer, D. Bailey, J. Odstrcil, D. Hagan, M. P. Gannon, J. Bowman, B. R. TI The Anemomilos prediction methodology for Dst SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE space weather forecasting ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND STRUCTURES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC FIELDS; REAL-TIME; FLARES; MODEL; INTERPLANETARY; SIMULATION AB This paper describes new capabilities for operational geomagnetic Disturbance storm time (Dst) index forecasts. We present a data-driven, deterministic algorithm called Anemomilos for forecasting Dst out to a maximum of 6 days for large, medium, and small storms, depending upon transit time to the Earth. This capability is used for operational satellite management and debris avoidance in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Anemomilos has a 15min cadence, 1h time granularity, 144h prediction window (+6 days), and up to 1h latency. A new finding is that nearly all flare events above a certain irradiance threshold, occurring within a defined solar longitude/latitude region and having sufficient estimated liftoff velocity of ejected material, will produce a geoeffective Dst perturbation. Three solar observables are used for operational Dst forecasting: flare magnitude, integrated flare irradiance through time, and event location. Magnitude is a proxy for ejecta quantity or mass and, combined with speed derived from the integrated flare irradiance, represents the kinetic energy. Speed is estimated as the line-of-sight velocity for events within 45 degrees radial of solar disk center. Storms resulting from high-speed streams emanating from coronal holes are not modeled or predicted. A new result is that solar disk, not limb, observable features are used for predictive techniques. Comparisons between Anemomilos predicted and measured Dst for every hour over 25 months in three continuous time frames between 2001 (high solar activity), 2005 (low solar activity), and 2012 (rising solar activity) are shown. The Anemomilos operational algorithm was developed for a specific customer use related to thermospheric mass density forecasting. It is an operational space weather technology breakthrough using solar disk observables to predict geomagnetically effective Dst up to several days at 1h time granularity. Real-time forecasts are presented at http://sol.spacenvironment.net/similar to sam_ops/index.html? C1 [Tobiska, W. K.; Knipp, D.; Burke, W. J.; Bouwer, D.; Bailey, J.; Odstrcil, D.; Hagan, M. P.] Space Environm Technol, Space Weather Div, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Knipp, D.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Knipp, D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gannon, J.] USGS Geomagnetism Program, Golden, CO USA. [Bowman, B. R.] US Air Force Space Command A9Y, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Tobiska, WK (reprint author), Space Environm Technol, Space Weather Div, 1676 Palisades Dr, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. EM ktobiska@spacewx.com FU USAF [FA9453-10-C-0039]; NSF AGS [114154, 1025080]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0264] FX We acknowledge the USAF contract #FA9453-10-C-0039 for its support in developing the Anemomilos algorithm. Dr. Knipp was partially supported by NSF AGS grants 114154 and 1025080 as well as AFOSR grant FA9550-12-1-0264. This work benefitted from useful comments, discussions, and data provision by Rian Shelley, Jeffrey J. Love, Vince Eccles, Robert Schunk, Paul Friberg, Devrie Intriligator, Robert Morris, Rick Quinn, Steve O'Malley, Michael Hesse, Masha Kuznetsova, Cheryl Huang, Chin Lin, Gordon Wilson, and Scott McIntosh. SET thanks the UCB LASP SDO EVE team, especially Tom Woods, DonWoodraska, and Chris Jeppesen for providing the SAM data. Kyoto University World Data Centers, Space Environment Corporation, U.S. Geological Survey, and Atmospheric and Environmental Research graciously provided SET with timely access to their Dst real-time data. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP PY 2013 VL 11 IS 9 BP 490 EP 508 DI 10.1002/swe.20094 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MR UT WOS:000325270700002 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, R Wagner, T Kepler, MV Sweka, JA AF Mollenhauer, Robert Wagner, Tyler Kepler, Megan V. Sweka, John A. TI Fall and Early Winter Movement and Habitat Use of Wild Brook Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROWN TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; HEADWATER STREAMS; COLORADO STREAMS; MINNESOTA STREAM; SPAWNING SITES; UNITED-STATES AB Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations face a myriad of threats throughout the species' native range in the eastern United States. Understanding wild Brook Trout movement patterns and habitat requirements is essential for conserving existing populations and for restoring habitats that no longer support self-sustaining populations. To address uncertainties related to wild Brook Trout movements and habitat use, we radio-tracked 36 fish in a headwater stream system in central Pennsylvania during the fall and early winter of 2010-2011. We used generalized additive mixed models and discrete choice models with random effects to evaluate seasonal movement and habitat use, respectively. There was variability among fish in movement patterns; however, most of the movement was associated with the onset of the spawning season and was positively correlated with fish size and stream flow. There was heterogeneity among fish in selection of intermediate (0.26-0.44m deep) and deep (0.44-1.06m deep) residual pools, while all Brook Trout showed similar selection for shallow (0.10-0.26m) residual pools. There was selection for shallow residual pools during the spawning season, followed by selection for deep residual pools as winter approached. Brook Trout demonstrated a threshold effect for habitat selection with respect to pool length, and selection for pools increased as average pool length increased up to approximately 30m, and then use declined rapidly for pool habitats greater than 30m in length. The heterogeneity and nonlinear dynamics of movement and habitat use of wild Brook Trout observed in this study underscores two important points: (1) linear models may not always provide an accurate description of movement and habitat use, which can have implications for management, and (2) maintaining stream connectivity and habitat heterogeneity is important when managing self-sustaining Brook Trout populations. Received March 5, 2012; accepted March 29, 2013 C1 [Mollenhauer, Robert; Kepler, Megan V.] Penn State Univ, Pennsylvania Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Pennsylvania Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Pennsylvania Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission FX We thank Jason Detar, Dave Kristine, Rob Wnuk, and Tom Ivasauskas for their assistance with this project and the Pennsylvania Game Commission and the Fishing Creek Cabin Owners Association for allowing access to their property to conduct this study. We also thank Duane Diefenbach, Victoria Braithwaite, Travis Brenden, and Greg Jacobs for helpful comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by U.S. Geological Survey, the Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. The capture and handling of fish followed protocols approved by The Pennsylvania State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC 33760). Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1178 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.793611 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800002 ER PT J AU Gross, JA Irvine, KM Wilmoth, S Wagner, TL Shields, PA Fox, JR AF Gross, Jackson A. Irvine, Kathryn M. Wilmoth, Siri Wagner, Tristany L. Shields, Patrick A. Fox, Jeffrey R. TI The Effects of Pulse Pressure from Seismic Water Gun Technology on Northern Pike SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE SALMONIDS; FISH; LAKE; ALASKA; EXPOSURE; INVASION; HEARING; RIVER AB We examined the efficacy of sound pressure pulses generated from a water gun for controlling invasive Northern Pike Esox lucius. Pulse pressures from two sizes of water guns were evaluated for their effects on individual fish placed at a predetermined random distance. Fish mortality from a 5,620.8-cm(3) water gun (peak pressure source level= 252dB referenced to 1P at 1m) was assessed every 24h for 168h, and damage (intact, hematoma, or rupture) to the gas bladder, kidney, and liver was recorded. The experiment was replicated with a 1,966.4-cm(3) water gun (peak pressure source level = 244dB referenced to 1P at 1m), but fish were euthanized immediately. The peak sound pressure level (SPLpeak), peak-to-peak sound pressure level (SPLp-p), and frequency spectrums were recorded, and the cumulative sound exposure level (SELcum) was subsequently calculated. The SPLpeak, SPLp-p, and SELcum were correlated, and values varied significantly by treatment group for both guns. Mortality increased and organ damage was greater with decreasing distance to the water gun. Mortality (31%) by 168h was only observed for Northern Pike exhibiting the highest degree of organ damage. Mortality at 72h and 168h postexposure was associated with increasing SELcum above 195dB. The minimum SELcum calculated for gas bladder rupture was 199dB recorded at 9m from the 5,620.8-cm(3) water gun and 194dB recorded at 6m from the 1,966.4-cm(3) water gun. Among Northern Pike that were exposed to the large water gun, 100% of fish exposed at 3 and 6m had ruptured gas bladders, and 86% exposed at 9m had ruptured gas bladders. Among fish that were exposed to pulse pressures from the smaller water gun, 78% exhibited gas bladder rupture. Results from these initial controlled experiments underscore the potential of water guns as a tool for controlling Northern Pike. Received August 8, 2012; accepted April 28, 2013 C1 [Gross, Jackson A.; Irvine, Kathryn M.; Wagner, Tristany L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wilmoth, Siri] Wilmoth Stat Consulting, Gardiner, MT 59030 USA. [Shields, Patrick A.; Fox, Jeffrey R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Gross, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jgross@smith-root.com FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [44613] FX This work was funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (Project Number 44613). We thank the ADFG Division of Commercial Fisheries, Soldotna, and the ADFG Division of Sport Fisheries, Palmer, for providing logistical and technical support in the field. We thank Nicholas Thompson for statistical support. We also thank Ken deFriesse (Bolt Technology, Inc.) for field and logistics support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1346 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.802252 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800015 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Swanson, HK Volk, EC Kent, AJR AF Zimmerman, Christian E. Swanson, Heidi K. Volk, Eric C. Kent, Adam J. R. TI Species and Life History Affect the Utility of Otolith Chemical Composition for Determining Natal Stream of Origin for Pacific Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; DESCRIBE MOVEMENTS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FISH OTOLITHS; CHEMISTRY; MICROCHEMISTRY AB To test the utility of otolith chemical composition as a tool for determining the natal stream of origin for salmon, we examined water chemistry and otoliths of juvenile and adult Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Coho Salmon O. kisutch from three watersheds (five rivers) in the Norton Sound region of Alaska. The two species are characterized by different life histories: Coho Salmon rear in freshwater for up to 3years, whereas Chum Salmon emigrate from freshwater shortly after emergence. We used laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify element: Ca ratios for Mg, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba, and we used multicollector LA-ICP-MS to determine Sr-87:Sr-86 ratios in otolith regions corresponding to the period of freshwater residence. Significant differences existed in both water and otolith elemental composition, suggesting that otolith composition could be used to discriminate the natal origin of Coho Salmon and Chum Salmon but only when Sr-87:Sr-86 ratios were included in the discriminant function analyses. The best discriminant model included Sr-87:Sr-86 ratios, and without Sr-87:Sr-86 ratios it was difficult to discriminate among watersheds and rivers. Classification accuracy was 80% for Coho Salmon and 68% for Chum Salmon, indicating that this method does not provide sufficient sensitivity to estimate straying rates of Pacific salmon at the scale we studied. Received January 24, 2013; accepted May 29, 2013 C1 [Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Swanson, Heidi K.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON NZL 361, Canada. [Volk, Eric C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Kent, Adam J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Karen Dunmall, Henry Oyoumick, Jack Koutchak, Jr., Tom Gray, and B. J. Gray for logistical support and assistance in the field. We are also grateful to Shiway Wang for preparing the otoliths for analysis and for conducting the initial data reduction and to Andy Ungerer for analyzing the water samples. We appreciate the helpful comments provided by Brian Wells, Lance Campbell, and an anonymous reviewer. This study was funded by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1380 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.811102 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800018 ER PT J AU Hogg, R Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J AF Hogg, Robert Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph TI Anadromous Sea Lampreys Recolonize a Maine Coastal River Tributary after Dam Removal SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; GREAT-LAKES; SPAWNING MIGRATION; WATER TEMPERATURE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-CYCLE; SURVIVAL; STREAM AB Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a third-order tributary to the Penobscot River, Maine, historically supported several anadromous fishes, including the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. However, two small dams constructed in the 1800s reduced or eliminated spawning runs entirely. In 2009, efforts to restore marine-freshwater connectivity in the system culminated with removal of the lowermost dam, thus providing access to an additional 4.6km of lotic habitat. Because Sea Lampreys utilized accessible habitat prior to dam removal, they were chosen as a focal species with which to quantify recolonization. During spawning runs of 2008-2011 (before and after dam removal), individuals were marked with PIT tags and their activity was tracked with daily recapture surveys. Open-population mark-recapture models indicated a fourfold increase in the annual abundance of spawning-phase Sea Lampreys, with estimates rising from 59 +/- 4 ((N) over cap +/- SE) before dam removal (2008) to 223 +/- 18 and 242 +/- 16 after dam removal (2010 and 2011, respectively). Accompanying the marked increase in annual abundance was a greater than fourfold increase in nesting sites: the number of nests increased from 31 in 2008 to 128 and 131 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. During the initial recolonization event (i.e., in 2010), Sea Lampreys took 6 d to move past the former dam site and 9 d to expand into the furthest upstream reaches. Conversely, during the 2011 spawning run, Sea Lampreys took only 3 d to penetrate into the upstream reaches, thus suggesting a potential positive feedback in which larval recruitment into the system may have attracted adult spawners via conspecific pheromone cues. Although more research is needed to verify the migratory pheromone hypothesis, our study clearly demonstrates that small-stream dam removal in coastal river systems has the potential to enhance recovery of declining anadromous fish populations. Received March 2, 2013; accepted May 23, 2013 C1 [Hogg, Robert; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hogg, R (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5575 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM hogg.robert.s@gmail.com FU Maine Sea Grant; Atlantic Salmon Federation; Penobscot Valley Audubon Chapter; NOAA; University of Maine; USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We would like to thank the collaborators and those who assisted with this project. Field technicians from the University of Maine included Megan Patridge, Gabe Vachon, Meghan Nelson, Mary Banker, Ryan Haley, Morgan Burke, Jake Kwapiszeski, Andy O'Malley, Phill Adams, Jake Poirier, Dylan Wingfield, Chelsea Wagner, Ethan Lamb, and Trevor Violette. Volunteers and alternate field help included Cory Gardner, Silas Ratten, Wes Ashe, Ed Hughes, Ann Grote, Ian Kiraly, Margaret Guyette, Adam Derkacz, Sarah Drahovzal, Dan Stich, Doug Sigourney, Quentin Tuckett, Rena Carey, John Wood, Anthony McLaughlin, Cody Kent, Jesse Hogg, Barbara Shrewsberry, Greg Innes, Derek Trunfio, Kira Fizell, Ben Emmott, Ana Rapp, Rich May, Chuck Attean, Imre Kormendy, Margo Relford, and Marius Mutel. The Town of Orrington, City of Brewer, Bob's Kozy Korner, The Brookside Grill, Grave's Dryland Marine, Rick Violette, and Bob Fennell provided logistical help and access to study sites. We also thank Rory Saunders (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]), Joshua Royte (The Nature Conservancy), and Dan Hayes (Michigan State University) for their assistance. This paper benefited from helpful reviews by Kevin Simon, Theodore Castro-Santos, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported in part by an award from Maine Sea Grant. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Maine Sea Grant. This work was also supported in part by the Atlantic Salmon Federation, Penobscot Valley Audubon Chapter, NOAA, University of Maine, and the USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Sampling was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Number A2011-06-03. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1394 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.811103 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800019 ER PT J AU Zeigler, MP Brinkman, SF Caldwell, CA Todd, AS Recsetar, MS Bonar, SA AF Zeigler, Matthew P. Brinkman, Stephen F. Caldwell, Colleen A. Todd, Andrew S. Recsetar, Matthew S. Bonar, Scott A. TI Upper Thermal Tolerances of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER TEMPERATURE; BROOK TROUT; ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE; STREAM FISHES; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; REGIMES; REQUIREMENTS; POPULATIONS; CRITERIA AB The Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis is the southernmost subspecies of Cutthroat Trout, and as with the other subspecies, stream temperature regulates growth, reproductive success, distribution, and survival. An understanding of the upper thermal tolerance of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout is important for developing water temperature standards and for assessing suitable habitat for reintroduction and management. Hatch success of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout eggs was determined under static temperatures. The thermal requirements of fry and juveniles were also assessed under static and fluctuating temperature regimes using the acclimated chronic exposure method. Egg hatch success was 46-70% from 6 degrees C to 16 degrees C but declined significantly at 18 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Maximum growth of fry that were fed to satiation occurred at 15.3 degrees C. The 30-d ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature (UUILT) was 22.6 degrees C for fry and 21.7 degrees C for juveniles. Survival during fluctuating temperature experiments was dependent upon the daily maximum temperature and the daily fluctuation. The upper thermal limits for Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout were lower than those of Rainbow Trout O. mykiss but similar to those of other Cutthroat Trout subspecies. The low UUILT of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout relative to some salmonids may increase the risk of deleterious effects brought about by a changing climate, habitat alteration, and sympatric nonnative salmonids, which are known to outcompete Cutthroat Trout at temperatures above the species' optimal range. Daily mean water temperatures near the Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout's optimal growth temperature of 15 degrees C would be suitable for reintroduction of this subspecies. Depending on the daily temperature fluctuation, daily maximum temperatures within reintroduction streams and current habitat should remain at or below 25 degrees C to ensure long-term persistence of a Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout population. This information will aid in establishing water quality standards to protect habitat where the subspecies currently occurs. Received March 12, 2013; accepted May 28, 2013 C1 [Zeigler, Matthew P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brinkman, Stephen F.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Todd, Andrew S.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Recsetar, Matthew S.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Zeigler, MP (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, 2980 South Espina St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zeiglerm@nmsu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F-243]; U.S. Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership; Agriculture Experiment Station; Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University; New Mexico State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [2009-006] FX A Crockett and P. Forsburg assisted with data collection and the care of embryos and fry for experiments conducted at the CPW Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Fort Collins. R. Galindo and S. Hall assisted with experiments conducted at the UA Environmental Research Laboratory. We also thank K. Patten, M. Sloane, and T. Jacobson (New Mexico Department of Game and Fish) for providing study fish used at the UA Environmental Research Laboratory. The study at the CPW Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory was supported in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Aid Grant F-243). Funding for the study at the UA laboratory was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Science Support Partnership. Additional funding was provided by the Agriculture Experiment Station and Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology at New Mexico State University. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of New Mexico State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Number 2009-006). NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1405 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.811104 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800020 ER PT J AU Connor, WP Tiffan, KF Plumb, JM Moffitt, CM AF Connor, William P. Tiffan, Kenneth F. Plumb, John M. Moffitt, Christine M. TI Evidence for Density-Dependent Changes in Growth, Downstream Movement, and Size of Chinook Salmon Subyearlings in a Large-River Landscape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SNAKE RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; SALAR L AB We studied the growth rate, downstream movement, and size of naturally produced fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subyearlings (age 0) for 20years in an 8th-order river landscape with regulated riverine upstream rearing areas and an impounded downstream migration corridor. The population transitioned from low to high abundance in association with U.S. Endangered Species Act and other federally mandated recovery efforts. The mean growth rate of parr in the river did not decline with increasing abundance, but during the period of higher abundance the timing of dispersal from riverine habitat into the reservoir averaged 17 d earlier and the average size at the time of downstream dispersal was smaller by 10mm and 1.8g. Changes in apparent abundance, measured by catch per unit effort, largely explained the time of dispersal, measured by median day of capture, in riverine habitat. The growth rate of smolts in the reservoir declined from an average of 0.6 to 0.2g/d between the abundance periods because the reduction in size at reservoir entry was accompanied by a tendency to migrate rather than linger and by increasing concentrations of smolts in the reservoir. The median date of passage through the reservoir was 14 d earlier on average, and average smolt size was smaller by 38mm and 22.0g, in accordance with density-dependent behavioral changes reflected by decreased smolt growth. Unexpectedly, smolts during the high-abundance period had begun to reexpress the migration timing and size phenotypes observed before the river was impounded, when abundance was relatively high. Our findings provide evidence for density-dependent phenotypic change in a large river that was influenced by the expansion of a recovery program. Thus, this study shows that efforts to recover native fishes can have detectable effects in large-river landscapes. The outcome of such phenotypic change, which will be an important area of future research, can only be fully judged by examining the effect of the change on population viability and productivity. Received November 26, 2012; accepted May 13, 2013 C1 [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Plumb, John M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Connor, WP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, 276 Dworshak Complex Dr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. EM william_connor@fws.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; [199102900] FX We thank our U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Geological Survey colleagues whose efforts contributed to this 20-year study. We are grateful for the wealth of data collected by our coworkers from the Idaho Power Company, Fish Passage Center, Nez Perce Tribe, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Smolt Monitoring Program, University of Idaho, University of Washington, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, including S. Downing, P. Groves, D. Marsh, F. Mensik, D. Milks, C. Morrill, P. Verhey, and D. Ross. This study would not have been possible without the participation of personnel of the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, including D. Marvin (through 2010) and N. Tancreto (2011-2013), who helped operate and maintain the Columbia Basin PIT-Tag Information System. Peer review by R. Zabel, D. Rondorf, an anonymous reviewer, and the editorial staff improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by D. Docherty and S. Bradbury under project number 199102900. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers cost-shared the project during 2005-2011, with valuable oversight by S. Dunmire and D. Holecek. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1468 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.806953 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800025 ER PT J AU Ruthrauff, DR Gill, RE Tibbitts, TL AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R. Gill, Robert E., Jr. Tibbitts, T. Lee TI Coping with the Cold: An Ecological Context for the Abundance and Distribution of Rock Sandpipers during Winter in Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Calidris ptilocnemis; cold adaptations; Cook Inlet; Macoma balthica; Rock Sandpiper; winter distribution ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CALIDRIS-PTILOCNEMIS; POPULATION-SIZE; SEVERE WEATHER; RED KNOTS; SHOREBIRDS; OYSTERCATCHERS; STARVATION; MARITIMA; LIFE AB Shorebirds are conspicuous and abundant at high northern latitudes during spring and summer, but as seasonal conditions deteriorate, few remain during winter. To the best of our knowledge, Cook Inlet, Alaska (60.6 degrees N, 151.6 degrees W), is the world's coldest site that regularly supports wintering populations of shorebirds, and it is also the most northerly nonbreeding location for shorebirds in the Pacific Basin. During the winters of 1997-2012, we conducted aerial surveys of upper Cook Inlet to document the spatial and temporal distribution and number of Rock Sandpipers (Calidris ptilocnemis) using the inlet. The average survey total was 8191 +/- 6143 SD birds, and the average of each winter season's highest single-day count was 13 603 +/- 4948 SD birds. We detected only Rock Sandpipers daring our surveys, essentially all of which were individuals of the nominate subspecies (C. p. ptilocnemis). Survey totals in some winters closely matched the population estimate for this subspecies, demonstrating the region's importance as a nonbreeding resource to the subspecies. Birds were most often found at only a handful of sites in upper Cook Inlet, but shifted their distribution to more southerly locations in the inlet during periods of extreme cold. Two environmental factors allow Rock Sandpipers to inhabit Cook Inlet during winter: 1) an abundant bivalve (Macoma balthica) food source and 2) current and tidal dynamics that keep foraging substrates accessible during all but extreme periods of cold and ice accretion. C. p. ptilocnemis is a subspecies of high conservation concern for which annual winter surveys may serve as a relatively inexpensive population-monitoring tool that will also provide insight into adaptations that allow these birds to exploit high-latitude environments in winter. C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. EM druthrauff@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 230AR UT WOS:000325309500003 ER PT J AU Cotter, RC Hughes, RJ May, P Novalinga, P Johannes, J Hindman, LJ Padding, PI AF Cotter, Richard C. Hughes, R. John May, Peter Novalinga, Paulusi Johannes, Jimmy Hindman, Larry J. Padding, Paul I. TI Breeding Biology of Atlantic Population Canada Geese in Nunavik, Northern Quebec SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Canada Goose; Branta canadensis interior; Atlantic population; breeding biology; nesting success; productivity; Nunavik; Ungava Peninsula; Quebec ID BRANTA-CANADENSIS; GOOSE NESTS; PREDATORS; SUCCESS AB The Atlantic population of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) experienced a sharp decline in numbers in the late 1980s. Management agencies in Canada and the United States responded by implementing several measures, notably closing sport hunting seasons for a number of years in most Atlantic Flyway states and provinces and funding a research project to study the nesting ecology and the factors affecting productivity of this goose population. In this paper we present the nesting phenology and breeding biology of Atlantic population Canada Geese on their tundra nesting grounds in Nunavik, Quebec, specifically on a primary study area (32.8 km(2)) along Hudson Bay (1997-2003) and on several secondary sites (most smaller than 1 km2) distributed along the coastal lowlands of Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay (1996-2005). In the late 1990s the population rebounded, with strong increases in the population of breeding pairs and the density of nests between 1996 and 2001, followed by stabilization of both variables from 2001 to 2005. As a result, there was a near doubling in productivity index (the number of goslings produced per km(2)) on the primary study area, from 17.9 in 1997 to 32.0 in 2003. Geese start laying eggs soon after snow disappears from their nesting grounds. On the primary study area, for all years pooled, mean clutch initiation date, clutch size, hatching date, and Mayfield nesting success were 27 May, 4.54 eggs, 26 June, and 67.3%, respectively. Among secondary sites along both Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay, we found a correlation between the annual average daily temperature for 4-24 May (the period leading up to egg-laying) and the annual mean clutch initiation date: higher temperatures were correlated with earlier initiation. Similarly, an earlier annual mean clutch initiation date was correlated with large mean clutch size. C1 [Cotter, Richard C.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. [Hughes, R. John] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [May, Peter] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada. [Novalinga, Paulusi; Johannes, Jimmy] Nunavik Hunting Fishing & Trapping Assoc, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada. [Hindman, Larry J.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Padding, Paul I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Cotter, RC (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 801-1550 Estimauville Ave, Quebec City, PQ G1J 0C3, Canada. EM Richard.Cotter@ec.gc.ca FU James Bay Energy Corporation (JBEC); Arctic Goose Joint Venture [59]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Atlantic Flyway Council FX Financial support was provided by the James Bay Energy Corporation (JBEC) and Arctic Goose Joint Venture (project #59) in 1996 and thereafter by the Arctic Goose Joint Venture, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Atlantic Flyway Council and with additional assistance from Ducks Unlimited Inc., the Blue Mountain Conservation Fund (Pennsylvania), the Lancaster County Chapter-Waterfowl USA, the Lehigh Valley Chapter Safari Club, and the Susquehanna River Wetlands Trust. The Wildlife Management Institute facilitated financial administration. Austin Reed and Jack Hughes of the Canadian Wildlife Service and the Nunavik Hunting, Fishing and Trapping Association, in particular Paulusi Novalinga and Jimmy Johannes, were instrumental in getting the study off the ground. Bill Doidge of Makivik Corporation also showed strong support and provided considerable logistical help out of Kuujjuaq, as did Quebec's Ministere des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune in Kuujjuaq. Each year Aliva Tulugak in Puvirnituq assisted greatly with logistics, and his help and friendship were greatly appreciated. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 230AR UT WOS:000325309500006 ER PT J AU Bagnardi, M Amelung, F Poland, MP AF Bagnardi, Marco Amelung, Falk Poland, Michael P. TI A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos Islands SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE basaltic shield; InSAR data; sill; radial dike; circumferential fissure; Galapagos Islands ID ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; WESTERN GALAPAGOS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SATELLITE RADAR; CANARY-ISLANDS; RIFT ZONES; MORPHOLOGY; ORIGIN; GPS AB Space-geodetic measurements of surface deformation produced by the most recent eruptions at Fernandina - the most frequently erupting volcano in the Galapagos Archipelago - reveal that all have initiated with the intrusion of subhorizontal sills from a shallow magma reservoir. This includes eruptions from fissures that are oriented both radially and circumferentially with respect to the summit caldera. A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired 1-2 h before the start of a radial fissure eruption in 2009 captures one of these sills in the midst of its propagation toward the surface. Galapagos eruptive fissures of all orientations have previously been presumed to be fed by vertical dikes, and this assumption has guided models of the origin of the eruptive fissure geometry and overall development of the volcanoes. Our findings allow us to reinterpret the internal structure and evolution of Galapagos volcanoes and of similar basaltic shields. Furthermore, we note that stress changes generated by the emplacement of subhorizontal sills feeding one type of eruption may control the geometry of subsequent eruptive fissures. Specifically, circumferential fissures tend to open within areas uplifted by sill intrusions that initiated previous radial fissure eruptions. This mechanism provides a possible explanation for the pattern of eruptive fissures that characterizes all the western Galapagos volcanoes, as well as the alternation between radial and circumferential fissure eruptions at Fernandina. The same model suggests that the next eruption of Fernandina will be from a circumferential fissure in the area uplifted by the 2009 sill intrusion, just southwest of the caldera rim. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bagnardi, Marco; Amelung, Falk] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Poland, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Bagnardi, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mbagnardi@rsmas.miami.edu; famelung@rsmas.miami.edu; mpoland@usgs.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 0838493]; NASA FX This research originated from a collaborative project with C. Ebinger and D. Geist, supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR 0838493) and NASA (graduate assistantship for Marco Bagnardi). ENVISAT and ERS SAR data were provided by the European Space Agency through a Cat-1 project. JERS-1 images are copyright of the Japanese Space Agency and were obtained from RESTEC. Part of this research was conducted at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and we thank J.H. Johnson for help with finite element modeling and M.R. Patrick for help with the GOES infrared images. Discussions with T.R. Walter and E. Holohan stimulated the idea of modeling stress changes. The manuscript benefited from comments by Charles Wicks, Bill Chadwick, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 377 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 228MY UT WOS:000325192100033 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Muldavin, EH Belnap, J Peters, DPC Anderson, JP Reiser, MH Gallo, K Melgoza-Castillo, A Herrick, JE Christiansen, TA AF Munson, Seth M. Muldavin, Esteban H. Belnap, Jayne Peters, Debra P. C. Anderson, John P. Reiser, M. Hildegard Gallo, Kirsten Melgoza-Castillo, Alicia Herrick, Jeffrey E. Christiansen, Tim A. TI Regional signatures of plant response to drought and elevated temperature across a desert ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aridity; Chihuahuan Desert; climate change; climate pivot point; desertification; forecasting plant community composition; land degradation; long-term vegetation dynamics; plant canopy cover; species richness ID SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND RANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-WATER; SONORAN DESERT; NORTH-AMERICA; MOJAVE DESERT; GRASSES; DESERTIFICATION AB The performance of many desert plant species in North America may decline with the warmer and drier conditions predicted by climate change models, thereby accelerating land degradation and reducing ecosystem productivity. We paired repeat measurements of plant canopy cover with climate at multiple sites across the Chihuahuan Desert over the last century to determine which plant species and functional types may be the most sensitive to climate change. We found that the dominant perennial grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and species richness had nonlinear responses to summer precipitation, decreasing more in dry summers than increasing with wet summers. Dominant shrub species responded differently to the seasonality of precipitation and drought, but winter precipitation best explained changes in the cover of woody vegetation in upland grasslands and may contribute to woody-plant encroachment that is widespread throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Temperature explained additional variability of changes in cover of dominant and subdominant plant species. Using a novel empirically based approach we identified climate pivot points that were indicative of shifts from increasing to decreasing plant cover over a range of climatic conditions. Reductions in cover of annual and several perennial plant species, in addition to declines in species richness below the long-term summer precipitation mean across plant communities, indicate a decrease in the productivity for all but the most drought-tolerant perennial grasses and shrubs in the Chihuahuan Desert. Overall, our regional synthesis of long-term data provides a robust foundation for forecasting future shifts in the composition and structure of plant assemblages in the largest North American warm desert. C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Muldavin, Esteban H.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Nat Heritage New Mexico Div, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Peters, Debra P. C.; Anderson, John P.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Peters, Debra P. C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Reiser, M. Hildegard; Gallo, Kirsten] Natl Pk Serv, Chihuahuan Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Melgoza-Castillo, Alicia] Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Fac Zootecnia & Ecol, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico. [Christiansen, Tim A.] Texas Army Natl Guard, Austin, TX 78703 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resources, Climate, and Land Use Program; Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0080412, DEB-0620482, DEB-0618210] FX We thank the many scientists, staff, and volunteers who have monitored vegetation at Chihuahuan Desert sites over the years, including John Ludwig and Steve Wondzell. We are also grateful to Bob Webb, Scott Collins, and two anonymous reviewers who improved the quality of this paper. This study was supported by the National Park Service and funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resources, Climate, and Land Use Program, and the Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. Some of the data sets were provided by the Jornada and Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) projects and are available online (Jornada, http://jornada.nmsu.edu/data-catalogs/long-term; Sevilleta, http://sev.lternet.edu/data). Funding for these data was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grants DEB-0080412, DEB-0620482, DEB-0618210). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 12 U2 107 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2030 EP 2041 DI 10.1890/12-1586.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TL UT WOS:000324532900016 PM 24279274 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JB Schindler, DE Ruff, CP Brooks, GT Bentley, KE Torgersen, CE AF Armstrong, Jonathan B. Schindler, Daniel E. Ruff, Casey P. Brooks, Gabriel T. Bentley, Kale E. Torgersen, Christian E. TI Diel horizontal migration in streams: Juvenile fish exploit spatial heterogeneity in thermal and trophic resources SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral thermoregulation; cyclic movement; digestive constraint; foraging; resource pulse; stomach capacity; subsidy; thermal heterogeneity; trade-off ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; SPAWNING HABITAT; BULL TROUT; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; HOMOGENIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Vertical heterogeneity in the physical characteristics of lakes and oceans is ecologically salient and exploited by a wide range of taxa through diel vertical migration to enhance their growth and survival. Whether analogous behaviors exploit horizontal habitat heterogeneity in streams is largely unknown. We investigated fish movement behavior at daily timescales to explore how individuals integrated across spatial variation in food abundance and water temperature. Juvenile coho salmon made feeding forays into cold habitats with abundant food, and then moved long distances (350-1300 m) to warmer habitats that accelerated their metabolism and increased their assimilative capacity. This behavioral thermoregulation enabled fish to mitigate trade-offs between trophic and thermal resources by exploiting thermal heterogeneity. Fish that exploited thermal heterogeneity grew at substantially faster rates than did individuals that assumed other behaviors. Our results provide empirical support for the importance of thermal diversity in lotic systems, and emphasize the importance of considering interactions between animal behavior and habitat heterogeneity when managing and restoring ecosystems. C1 [Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Ruff, Casey P.; Bentley, Kale E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruff, Casey P.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Brooks, Gabriel T.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey,Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Armstrong, JB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jonny5armstrong@gmail.com FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX This work is a contribution of the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Alaska salmon processors, and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. We thank the many individuals who assisted with fieldwork, contributed equipment, or helped with data analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. J. Armstrong conceived the project, executed research, analyzed data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; D. Schindler advised and contributed to all stages of the project; C. Ruff contributed to all stages of the project; G. Brooks developed RFID antenna arrays; K. Bentley contributed to statistical analyses; and C. Torgersen contributed methods for mapping thermal heterogeneity. All authors contributed to revisions of manuscript. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2066 EP 2075 DI 10.1890/12-1200.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TL UT WOS:000324532900019 PM 24279277 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Creech, TG Ebinger, MR Manlove, K Irvine, K Henningsen, J Rogerson, J Scurlock, BM Creel, S AF Cross, P. C. Creech, T. G. Ebinger, M. R. Manlove, K. Irvine, K. Henningsen, J. Rogerson, J. Scurlock, B. M. Creel, S. TI Female elk contacts are neither frequency nor density dependent SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brucellosis; Cervus canadensis; contact rate; disease models; elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; Wyoming; USA; hierarchical models; proximity loggers; super-spreading events; supplemental feeding ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MODELS; BRUCELLOSIS; WILDLIFE; THRESHOLDS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION AB Identifying drivers of contact rates among individuals is critical to understanding disease dynamics and implementing targeted control measures. We studied the interaction patterns of 149 female elk (Cervus canadensis) distributed across five different regions of western Wyoming over three years, defining a contact as an approach within one body length (approximate to 2 m). Using hierarchical models that account for correlations within individuals, pairs, and groups, we found that pairwise contact rates within a group declined by a factor of three as group sizes increased 33-fold. Per capita contact rates, however, increased with group size according to a power function, such that female elk contact rates fell in between the predictions of density- or frequency-dependent disease models. We found similar patterns for the duration of contacts. Our results suggest that larger elk groups are likely to play a disproportionate role in the disease dynamics of directly transmitted infections in elk. Supplemental feeding of elk had a limited impact on pairwise interaction rates and durations, but per capita rates were more than two times higher on feeding grounds. Our statistical approach decomposes the variation in contact rate into individual, dyadic, and environmental effects, and provides insight into factors that may be targeted by disease control programs. In particular, female elk contact patterns were driven more by environmental factors such as group size than by either individual or dyad effects. C1 [Cross, P. C.; Irvine, K.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Creech, T. G.; Ebinger, M. R.; Creel, S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Creech, T. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ebinger, M. R.] Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Manlove, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Henningsen, J.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Rogerson, J.; Scurlock, B. M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Manlove, Kezia/0000-0002-7200-5236 FU Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant [DEB-1067129]; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Wyoming Wildlife-Livestock Disease Partnership, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant DEB-1067129, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank E. Maichak, D. Damm, A. Williams, A. Barbknecht, and A. Roosa for their assistance in the field. Sky Aviation assisted with aerial flights. D. Heisey and two anonymous reviewers had many insightful suggestions on earlier drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2076 EP 2086 DI 10.1890/12-2086.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TL UT WOS:000324532900020 PM 24279278 ER PT J AU Werner, BA Johnson, WC Guntenspergen, GR AF Werner, Brett A. Johnson, W. Carter Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Climate change; cover cycle; hindcasting; North American wetlands; PPR; Prairie Pothole Region; prairie wetlands; simulation; wetlands ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GREAT-PLAINS; WATER LEVELS; SEED BANKS; HABITAT; TRENDS; CANADA AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30-year periods (1946-1975; 1976-2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland-dependent species. C1 [Werner, Brett A.] Univ Illinois, Publ Affairs Ctr 309, Dept Environm Studies, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Johnson, W. Carter] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Werner, BA (reprint author), Ctr Coll Danville, 600 West Walnut St, Danville, KY 40422 USA. EM brett.werner@centre.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program FX This study was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, managed by the EPA's Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Research, U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 3 IS 10 BP 3471 EP 3482 DI 10.1002/ece3.731 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 224ZR UT WOS:000324932600023 PM 24223283 ER PT J AU Lott, CA Wiley, RL Fischer, RA Hartfield, PD Scott, JM AF Lott, Casey A. Wiley, Robert L. Fischer, Richard A. Hartfield, Paul D. Scott, J. Michael TI Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) breeding distribution and ecology: implications for population-level studies and the evaluation of alternative management strategies on large, regulated rivers SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Dispersal; ecological response to dams and flow alteration; large river ecology; metapopulation management; population modeling; sandbar habitat; threatened and endangered species ID LARGE-SCALE CONSERVATION; ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SITE FIDELITY; PLATTE RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS; CALIFORNIA; NEBRASKA AB Interior Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) (ILT) are colonial, fish-eating birds that breed within active channels of large sand bed rivers of the Great Plains and in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Multipurpose dams, irrigation structures, and engineered navigation systems have been present on these rivers for many decades. Despite severe alteration of channels and flow regimes, regulation era floods have remained effective at maintaining bare sandbar nesting habitat on many river segments and ILT populations have been stable or expanding since they were listed as endangered in 1985. We used ILT breeding colony locations from 2002 to 2012 and dispersal information to identify 16 populations and 48 subpopulations. More than 90% of ILT and >83% of river km with suitable nesting habitat occur within the two largest populations. However, replicate populations remain throughout the entire historical, geophysical, and ecological range of ILT. Rapid colonization of anthropogenic habitats in areas that were not historically occupied suggests metapopulation dynamics. The highest likelihood of demographic connectivity among ILT populations occurs across the Southern Plains and the Lower Mississippi River, which may be demographically connected with Least Tern populations on the Gulf Coast. Paired ecological and bird population models are needed to test whether previously articulated threats limit ILT population growth and to determine if management intervention is necessary and where. Given current knowledge, the largest sources of model uncertainty will be: (1) uncertainty in relationships between high flow events and subsequent sandbar characteristics and (2) uncertainty regarding the frequency of dispersal among population subunits. We recommend research strategies to reduce these uncertainties. C1 [Lott, Casey A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Boise, ID USA. [Wiley, Robert L.] Consulting Ecologist, Athens, OH USA. [Fischer, Richard A.] USACE Engineer Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, Envirnom Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Hartfield, Paul D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Jackson, MS USA. [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Lott, CA (reprint author), Amer Bird Conservancy, Boise, ID USA. EM clott@abcbirds.org NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 3 IS 10 BP 3613 EP 3627 DI 10.1002/ece3.726 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 224ZR UT WOS:000324932600035 PM 24223295 ER PT J AU Irvine, KM Thornton, J Backus, VM Hohmann, MG Lehnhoff, EA Maxwell, BD Michels, K Rew, LJ AF Irvine, Kathryn M. Thornton, Jamie Backus, Vickie M. Hohmann, Matthew G. Lehnhoff, Erik A. Maxwell, Bruce D. Michels, Kurt Rew, Lisa J. TI A comparison of adaptive sampling designs and binary spatial models : a simulation study using a census of Bromus inermis SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE autologistic regression; Bayesian estimation; intrinsic conditionally autoregressive; low prevalence; strip adaptive cluster sampling ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; AUTOLOGISTIC REGRESSION; UNDERSTORY PLANTS; HABITAT MODELS; LOCAL-SCALE; ROADS; LANDSCAPE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Commonly in environmental and ecological studies, species distribution data are recorded as presence or absence throughout a spatial domain of interest. Field based studies typically collect observations by sampling a subset of the spatial domain. We consider the effects of six different adaptive and two non-adaptive sampling designs and choice of three binary models on both predictions to unsampled locations and parameter estimation of the regression coefficients (species-environment relationships). Our simulation study is unique compared to others to date in that we virtually sample a true known spatial distribution of a nonindigenous plant species, Bromus inermis. The census of B. inermis provides a good example of a species distribution that is both sparsely (1.9 % prevalence) and patchily distributed. We find that modeling the spatial correlation using a random effect with an intrinsic Gaussian conditionally autoregressive prior distribution was equivalent or superior to Bayesian autologistic regression in terms of predicting to un-sampled areas when strip adaptive cluster sampling was used to survey B. inermis. However, inferences about the relationships between B. inermis presence and environmental predictors differed between the two spatial binary models. The strip adaptive cluster designs we investigate provided a significant advantage in terms of Markov chain Monte Carlo chain convergence when trying to model a sparsely distributed species across a large area. In general, there was little difference in the choice of neighborhood, although the adaptive king was preferred when transects were randomly placed throughout the spatial domain. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Thornton, Jamie] Thornton Stat Consulting, Seattle, WA USA. [Backus, Vickie M.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hohmann, Matthew G.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. [Lehnhoff, Erik A.; Maxwell, Bruce D.; Rew, Lisa J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Michels, Kurt] Univ Arizona, Dept Math Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Irvine, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. EM kirvine@usgs.gov FU ERDC CERL [W9132T-09-2-0012] FX We would like to thank Patrick Lawrence and Dan Campbell for helping with field data collection, and Patrick for initial data collation and analysis; both John Long and William Barnett who assisted in the early work on the simulation study and statistical analysis of the inventory data; Cynthia Hollimon for LateX assistance; and Mike Ebinger and Tyler Brummer for improving figure quality. Funding from ERDC CERL grant W9132T-09-2-0012. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument for supply of research site and plant distribution data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2013 VL 24 IS 6 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1002/env.2223 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 225YM UT WOS:000325001200006 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Bedrosian, PA Anderson, ED Kelley, KD Lang, J AF Shah, Anjana K. Bedrosian, Paul A. Anderson, Eric D. Kelley, Karen D. Lang, James TI Integrated geophysical imaging of a concealed mineral deposit: A case study of the world-class Pebble porphyry deposit in southwestern Alaska SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GOLD-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT; AU-MO DEPOSIT; MAGNETOTELLURIC INVERSION; 3D INVERSION; EVOLUTION; REGION AB We combined aeromagnetic, induced polarization, magnetotelluric, and gravity surveys as well as drillhole geologic, alteration, magnetic susceptibility, and density data for exploration and characterization of the Cu-Au-Mo Pebble porphyry deposit. This undeveloped deposit is almost completely concealed by postmineralization sedimentary and volcanic rocks, presenting an exploration challenge. Individual geophysical methods primarily assist regional characterization. Positive chargeability and conductivity anomalies are observed over a broad region surrounding the deposit, likely representing sulfide minerals that accumulated during multiple stages of hydrothermal alteration. The mineralized area occupies only a small part of the chargeability anomaly because sulfide precipitation was not unique to the deposit, and mafic rocks also exhibit strong chargeability. Conductivity anomalies similarly reflect widespread sulfides as well as water-saturated glacial sediments. Mineralogical and magnetic susceptibility data indicate magnetite destruction primarily within the Cu-Au-Mo mineralized area. The magnetic field does not show a corresponding anomaly low but the analytic signal does in areas where the deposit is not covered by postmineralization igneous rocks. The analytic signal shows similar lows over sedimentary rocks outside of the mineralized area, however, and cannot uniquely distinguish the deposit. We find that the intersection of positive chargeability anomalies with analytic signal lows, indicating elevated sulfide concentrations but low magnetite at shallow depths, roughly delineates the deposit where it is covered only by glacial sediments. Neither chargeability highs nor analytic signal lows are present where the deposit is covered by several hundred meters of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, but a 3D resistivity model derived from magnetotelluric data shows a corresponding zone of higher conductivity. Gravity data highlight geologic features within the deposit, including shallow diorite sills that locally contain higher-grade mineralization. The results thus show ways in which an integrated survey approach might be used to distinguish zones of potentially economic mineralization. C1 [Shah, Anjana K.; Bedrosian, Paul A.; Anderson, Eric D.; Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lang, James] Hunter Dickinson Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ashah@usgs.gov; pbedrosian@usgs.gov; ericanderson@usgs.gov; kdkelley@usgs.gov; langgeoscienceinc@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 78 IS 5 BP B312 EP B323 DI 10.1190/GEO2013-0046.1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 231EA UT WOS:000325395200011 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Keszthelyi, LP AF Dundas, Colin M. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. TI Modeling steam pressure under martian lava flows SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Volcanism; Mars, Climate ID GROUND ICE INTERACTIONS; CERBERUS FOSSAE; RECENT VOLCANISM; MARS; EMPLACEMENT; PEPERITE; BEHAVIOR; PLANITIA; RELEASE; ELYSIUM AB Rootless cones on Mars are a valuable indicator of past interactions between lava and water. However, the details of the lava-water interactions are not fully understood, limiting the ability to use these features to infer new information about past water on Mars. We have developed a model for the pressurization of a dry layer of porous regolith by melting and boiling ground ice in the shallow subsurface. This model builds on previous models of lava cooling and melting of subsurface ice. We find that for reasonable regolith properties and ice depths of decimeters, explosive pressures can be reached. However, the energy stored within such lags is insufficient to excavate thick flows unless they draw steam from a broader region than the local eruption site. These results indicate that lag pressurization can drive rootless cone formation under favorable circumstances, but in other instances molten fuel-coolant interactions are probably required. We use the model results to consider a range of scenarios for rootless cone formation in Athabasca Valles. Pressure buildup by melting and boiling ice under a desiccated lag is possible in some locations, consistent with the expected distribution of ice implanted from atmospheric water vapor. However, it is uncertain whether such ice has existed in the vicinity of Athabasca Valles in recent history. Plausible alternative sources include surface snow or an aqueous flood shortly before the emplacement of the lava flow. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM cdundas@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE Project FX We thank Christopher Hamilton and Lionel Wilson for detailed and helpful reviews. This work was funded by the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE Project. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 226 IS 1 BP 1058 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.036 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222GW UT WOS:000324720200083 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Li, JY Le Corre, L Scully, JEC Gaskell, R Russell, CT Park, RS Nathues, A Raymond, C Gaffey, MJ Sierks, H Becker, KJ McFadden, LA AF Reddy, Vishnu Li, Jian-Yang Le Corre, Lucille Scully, Jennifer E. C. Gaskell, Robert Russell, Christopher T. Park, Ryan S. Nathues, Andreas Raymond, Carol Gaffey, Michael J. Sierks, Holger Becker, Kris J. McFadden, Lucy A. TI Comparing Dawn, Hubble Space Telescope, and ground-based interpretations of (4) Vesta SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids, Rotation; Mineralogy; Asteroids, Surfaces; Asteroid Vesta; Infrared observations ID IAU/IAG WORKING GROUP; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE CLASTS; TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOID DIMENSIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; ROTATIONAL ELEMENTS; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; COLOR VARIATIONS; MINOR PLANETS; ASTEROIDS; HETEROGENEITY AB Observations of Asteroid (4) Vesta by NASA's Dawn spacecraft are interesting because its surface has the largest range of albedo, color and composition of any other asteroid visited by spacecraft to date. These hemispherical and rotational variations in surface brightness and composition have been attributed to impact processes since Vesta's formation. Prior to Dawn's arrival at Vesta, its surface properties were the focus of intense telescopic investigations for nearly a hundred years. Ground-based photometric and spectroscopic observations first revealed these variations followed later by those using Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Here we compare interpretations of Vesta's rotation period, pole, albedo, topographic, color, and compositional properties from ground-based telescopes and HST with those from Dawn. Our goal is to provide ground truth for prior interpretations and to help identify the limits of ground-based studies of asteroids in general. The improved rotational period measurement from Dawn is 0.222588652 day (Russell, C.T. et al. [2012]. Science 336, 684-686), and is consistent with the best ground-based rotation period of 0.22258874 day (Drummond, J.D., Fugate, R.Q., Christou, J.C. [1998]. Icarus 132, 80-99). The pole position for Vesta determined by Dawn is 309.03 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees, 42.23 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees and is within the uncertainties of pole orientation determined by Earth-based measurements (Li, J.-Y. et al. [2011]. Icarus 211, 528-534: 305.8 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees, 41.4 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees). Similarly, the obliquity of Vesta is 27.46 degrees based on the pole measurement from Dawn and all previous pole measurements put the obliquity within 3 degrees of this value. The topography range from the Dawn shape model is between -22.45 and +19.48 km relative to a 285 km x 285 km x 229 km ellipsoid. The HST range is slightly smaller (-12 km to +12 km relative to a 289 km x 280 km x 229 kin ellipsoid) than Dawn, likely due to lower spatial resolution of the former. We also present HST and Dawn albedo and color maps of Vesta in the Claudia (used by the Dawn team) and IAU coordinate systems. These maps serve to orient observers and identify compositional and albedo features from prior studies. We have linked several albedo features identified on HST maps to morphological features on Vesta using Dawn Framing Camera data. Rotational spectral variations observed from ground-based studies are also consistent with those observed by Dawn. While the interpretation of some of these features was tenuous from past data, the interpretations were reasonable given the limitations set by spatial resolution and our knowledge of Vesta and HED meteorites at that time. Our analysis shows that ground-based and HST observations are critical for our understanding of small bodies and provide valuable support for ongoing and future spacecraft missions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, Vishnu; Li, Jian-Yang; Le Corre, Lucille; Gaskell, Robert] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Reddy, Vishnu; Le Corre, Lucille; Nathues, Andreas; Sierks, Holger] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Scully, Jennifer E. C.; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Park, Ryan S.; Raymond, Carol] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gaffey, Michael J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Becker, Kris J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McFadden, Lucy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM reddy@psi.edu OI McFadden, Lucy/0000-0002-0537-9975; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491; Le Corre, Lucille/0000-0003-0349-7932 FU Max Planck Society; German Space Agency, DLR; NASA FX We thank the Dawn team for the development, cruise, orbital insertion, and operations of the Dawn spacecraft at Vesta. The Framing Camera Project is financially supported by the Max Planck Society and the German Space Agency, DLR. We also thank NASA's Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist Program for funding the research. A portion of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Dawn data is archived with the NASA Planetary Data System. VR would like to thank Juan Andreas Sanchez and Guneshwar Singh Thangjam for their help in improving the manuscript. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 226 IS 1 BP 1103 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.019 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222GW UT WOS:000324720200086 ER PT J AU Goguen, JD Buratti, BJ Brown, RH Clark, RN Nicholson, PD Hedman, MM Howell, RR Sotin, C Cruikshank, DP Baines, KH Lawrence, KJ Spencer, JR Blackburn, DG AF Goguen, Jay D. Buratti, Bonnie J. Brown, Robert H. Clark, Roger N. Nicholson, Phillip D. Hedman, Matthew M. Howell, Robert R. Sotin, Christophe Cruikshank, Dale P. Baines, Kevin H. Lawrence, Kenneth J. Spencer, John R. Blackburn, David G. TI The temperature and width of an active fissure on Enceladus measured with Cassini VIMS during the 14 April 2012 South Pole flyover SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Enceladus; Infrared observations; Geological processes; Satellites, Surfaces; Saturn, Satellites ID WATER RESERVOIR; ISS IMAGES; PLUME; FRACTURES; SURFACE; HYPOTHESIS; JETS; HEAT AB The width and temperature of the active fissures on Saturn's satellite Enceladus provide key observable constraints on physical models of these geyser-like eruptions. We analyze a sequence of high spatial resolution near-infrared spectra acquired with VIMS at 0.025 s intervals during a 74 km altitude flyover of the South Pole of Enceladus by the Cassini spacecraft on 14 April 2012 UTC. A thermal-emission spectrum covering 3- to 5-mu m wavelengths was detected as the field of view crossed one of the four major fissures, Baghdad Sulcus, within I km of 82.36S latitude and 28.24W longitude. We interpret this spectrum as thermal emission from a linear fissure with temperature 197 +/- 20 K and width 9 m. At the above wavelengths, the spectrum is dominated by the warmest temperature component. Looking downward into the fissure at only 13 degrees from the vertical, we conclude that our results measure the temperature of the interior fissure walls (and the H2O vapor) at depths within 40 m of the surface. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goguen, Jay D.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Howell, Robert R.; Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Lawrence, Kenneth J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phillip D.; Hedman, Matthew M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Howell, Robert R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Spencer, John R.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Blackburn, David G.] Planetary Inst Space Res & Technol, Lowell, AR 72745 USA. RP Goguen, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-401,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jay.D.Goguen@jpl.nasa.gov FU Cassini Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Outer Planets Research Program FX We acknowledge the Cassini Navigation Team and coordination with the INMS and CIRS teams that enabled these observations. We are grateful to the two anonymous referees for their insightful comments that improved the final manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Cassini Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and in part by a grant from the NASA Outer Planets Research Program. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 226 IS 1 BP 1128 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.012 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222GW UT WOS:000324720200088 ER PT J AU Iwanowicz, L Densmore, C Hahn, C McAllister, P Odenkirk, J AF Iwanowicz, L. Densmore, C. Hahn, C. McAllister, P. Odenkirk, J. TI Identification of Largemouth Bass Virus in the Introduced Northern Snakehead Inhabiting the Chesapeake Bay Watershed SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POTOMAC RIVER SYSTEM AB The Northern Snakehead Channa argus is an introduced species that now inhabits the Chesapeake Bay. During a preliminary survey for introduced pathogens possibly harbored by these fish in Virginia waters, a filterable agent was isolated from five specimens that produced cytopathic effects in BF-2 cells. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of the major capsid protein (MCP), DNA polymerase (DNApol), and DNA methyltransferase (Mtase) genes, the isolates were identified as Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV). Nucleotide sequences of the MCP (492bp) and DNApol (419 pb) genes were 100% identical to those of LMBV. The nucleotide sequence of the Mtase (206bp) gene was 99.5% identical to that of LMBV, and the single nucleotide substitution did not lead to a predicted amino acid coding change. This is the first report of LMBV from the Northern Snakehead, and provides evidence that noncentrarchid fishes may be susceptible to this virus. Received April 8, 2013; accepted April 19, 2013 C1 [Iwanowicz, L.; Densmore, C.; Hahn, C.; McAllister, P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Odenkirk, J.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. RP Iwanowicz, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM luke_iwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1080/08997659.2013.799614 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 223GX UT WOS:000324793800005 PM 23895368 ER PT J AU Beck, MW Vondracek, B Hatch, LK AF Beck, Marcus W. Vondracek, Bruce Hatch, Lorin K. TI Between- and within-lake responses of macrophyte richness metrics to shoreline development SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE docks; glacial lakes; macrophytes; mixed-effects models; scale; shoreline development ID LAKESHORE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MINNESOTA LAKES; WISCONSIN LAKES; EUROPEAN LAKES; LAND-USE; ABUNDANCE; DOCKS; COMMUNITIES AB Aquatic habitat in littoral environments can be affected by residential development of shoreline areas. We evaluated the relationship between macrophyte richness metrics and shoreline development to quantify indicator response at 2 spatial scales for Minnesota lakes. First, the response of total, submersed, and sensitive species to shoreline development was evaluated within lakes to quantify macrophyte response as a function of distance to the nearest dock. Within-lake analyses using generalized linear mixed models focused on 3 lakes of comparable size with a minimal influence of watershed land use. Survey points farther from docks had higher total species richness and presence of species sensitive to disturbance. Second, between-lake effects of shoreline development on total, submersed, emergent-floating, and sensitive species were evaluated for 1444 lakes. Generalized linear models were developed for all lakes and stratified subsets to control for lake depth and watershed land use. Between-lake analyses indicated a clear response of macrophyte richness metrics to increasing shoreline development, such that fewer emergent-floating and sensitive species were correlated with increasing density of docks. These trends were particularly evident for deeper lakes with lower watershed development. Our results provide further evidence that shoreline development is associated with degraded aquatic habitat, particularly by illustrating the response of macrophyte richness metrics across multiple lake types and different spatial scales. C1 [Beck, Marcus W.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatch, Lorin K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM beckx266@umn.edu FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; University of Minnesota FX Thanks to Timothy Cross, Frank Wilhelm, and 4 anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that have improved the manuscript, Sanford Weisberg and James Forester for statistical guidance, and Donna Perleberg for providing statewide transect data. Don Pereira and Bruce Wilson provided general project guidance. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources using Clean Water Legacy funds appropriated by the Minnesota Legislature and a graduate school fellowship provided to MW Beck from the University of Minnesota. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 179 EP 193 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.828806 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 224AC UT WOS:000324852600004 ER PT J AU Mower, E Miranda, LE AF Mower, Ethan Miranda, Leandro E. TI Frameworks for amending reservoir water management SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE continuing authority; flood-control reservoir; general investigation; rule curves; water control plan; water level AB Managing water storage and withdrawals in many reservoirs requires establishing seasonal targets for water levels (i.e., rule curves) that are influenced by regional precipitation and diverse water demands. Rule curves are established as an attempt to balance various water needs such as flood control, irrigation, and environmental benefits such as fish and wildlife management. The processes and challenges associated with amending rule curves to balance multiuse needs are complicated and mostly unfamiliar to non-US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) natural resource managers and to the public. To inform natural resource managers and the public we describe the policies and process involved in amending rule curves in USACE reservoirs, including 3 frameworks: a general investigation, a continuing authority program, and the water control plan. Our review suggests that water management in reservoirs can be amended, but generally a multitude of constraints and competing demands must be addressed before such a change can be realized. C1 [Mower, Ethan] Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Miranda, Leandro E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Mower, E (reprint author), Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ebm136@msstate.edu FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid Grant for Sport Fish Restoration FX We thank USACE personnel for sharing their knowledge about rule-curve policy. We also thank them for their informal review and acknowledge that USACE neither endorses nor approves the information presented in this article. C. Andrews, K. Meals, B. Moss, D. Riecke, and 2 anonymous reviewers also provided constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks through a Federal Aid Grant for Sport Fish Restoration. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.829893 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 224AC UT WOS:000324852600005 ER PT J AU Christensen, VG Maki, RP Kiesling, RL AF Christensen, Victoria G. Maki, Ryan P. Kiesling, Richard L. TI Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE algal blooms; chlorophyll; eutrophication; internal load; phosphorus; Voyageurs National Park; water levels AB Hydrologic manipulations have the potential to exacerbate or remediate eutrophication in productive reservoirs. Dam operations at Kabetogama Lake, Minnesota, were modified in 2000 to restore a more natural water regime and improve water quality. The US Geological Survey and National Park Service evaluated nutrient, algae, and nuisance bloom data in relation to changes in Kabetogama Lake water levels. Comparison of the results of this study to previous studies indicates that chlorophyll a concentrations have decreased, whereas total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have not changed significantly since 2000. Water and sediment quality data were collected at Voyageurs National Park during 2008-2009 to assess internal phosphorus loading and determine whether loading is a factor affecting TP concentrations and algal productivity. Kabetogama Lake often was mixed vertically, except for occasional stratification measured in certain areas, including Lost Bay in the northeastern part of Kabetogama Lake. Stratification, higher bottom water and sediment nutrient concentrations than in other parts of the lake, and phosphorus release rates estimated from sediment core incubations indicated that Lost Bay is one of several areas that may be contributing to internal loading. Internal loading of TP is a concern because increased TP may cause excessive algal growth including potentially toxic cyanobacteria. C1 [Christensen, Victoria G.; Kiesling, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. [Maki, Ryan P.] Voyageurs Natl Pk, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Christensen, VG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. EM vglenn@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 202 EP 215 DI 10.1080/10402381.2013.831148 PG 14 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 224AC UT WOS:000324852600006 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Walker, JA Gleason, JS Loesch, CR Reynolds, RE Stephens, SE Erickson, MA AF Niemuth, Neal D. Walker, Johann A. Gleason, Jeffrey S. Loesch, Charles R. Reynolds, Ronald E. Stephens, Scott E. Erickson, Michael A. TI Influence of Wind Turbines on Presence of Willet, Marbled Godwit, Wilson's Phalarope and Black Tern on Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE assessment; habitat; landscape; Missouri Coteau; Prairie Pothole Region; shorebirds; waterbirds; wetlands; wind energy development ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION; GREAT-PLAINS; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; USA; WATERBIRDS; FARMS AB The millions of wetlands that define the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) harbor large proportions of continental populations of several species of North American waterfowl, waterbirds, and shorebirds. The PPR also has some of the highest wind energy potential in the United States. Thousands of wind turbines are being erected in the PPR to produce electricity and have the potential to affect migratory bird populations through collisions, displacement, barriers to movement, habitat fragmentation, and habitat loss. We assessed occurrence of waterbirds and shorebirds from 2008 through 2010 on wetlands in two wind energy development sites, defined as wetlands within 805 m of a wind turbine, and two reference sites in the PPR of North and South Dakota. We conducted 10,321 wetland visits on 3,542 individual wetland basins and related bird occurrence to wetland characteristics, upland characteristics, survey type (roadside vs. off-road), seasonal timing of sampling, year of sampling, and site type (wind energy development vs. reference). Models characterizing occurrence of Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa), Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) and Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) indicated that occurrence varied with wetland characteristics and among sites and years, was not substantially reduced on either wind energy site, but was slightly and consistently lower on one of the wind energy sites for the three shorebird species. Our results suggest that wetlands have conservation value for these species when wind turbines are present, but additional sampling across time and space will be necessary to understand the effects of wind turbines on shorebird and waterbird presence, density, survival, and reproductive success. Received 24 July 2012, accepted 23 January 2013. C1 [Niemuth, Neal D.; Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Walker, Johann A.; Stephens, Scott E.] Ducks Unltd Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gleason, Jeffrey S.; Erickson, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm Wetland Management Dist, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. [Gleason, Jeffrey S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alabama Ecol Serv Field Off, Daphne, AL 36526 USA. [Stephens, Scott E.] Oak Hammock Marsh Conservat Ctr, Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov FU North Dakota Game and Fish Department; NextEra Energy; Ducks Unlimited; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Billat, D. Brandt, S. Cunningham, M. Felin, J. Foth A. Geisler, T. Gue, B. Hall, P. Hunter, J. Korkos, D. LaRochelle, M. McClanahan, T. Mitacek, A. Northrup, D. Oates, K Peterson, M. Rake, J. Rehar, and J. Weiler for conducting surveys. We also thank the many landowners who granted access to their properties. Support for this study was provided by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department, NextEra Energy, Ducks Unlimited, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. An earlier draft of this manuscript was greatly improved by comments by K. E. Doherty, W. A. Meeks, and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 46 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 263 EP 276 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 229YG UT WOS:000325303200002 ER PT J AU Huschle, G Toepfer, JE Douglas, DC AF Huschle, Gary Toepfer, John E. Douglas, David C. TI Migration and Wintering Areas of American Bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus) that Summer in Central North America as Determined by Satellite and Radio Telemetry, 1998-2003 SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Bittern; Botaurus lentiginosus; breeding range; dispersal; Everglades; Louisiana coast; migration; Platform Transmitter Terminals; winter range ID WETLAND AB Twenty adult male American Bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus) were marked on summer range in central North America with satellite tracking Platform Transmitter Terminals (PTTs) to document migration routes and wintering range. Nineteen complete fall migration routes were documented for 17 individuals. Of the successful migrations, 63% (n = 12) went to southern Florida, 32% (n = 6) to southern Louisiana, and 5% (n = 1) to the Gulf coast of Texas. Spring migrations for nine birds were documented, and 78% (n = 7) showed fidelity to breeding range. Two complete migrations for two individuals were documented, and they demonstrated fidelity to winter range. The longest, fastest movement documented was 2,300 km in less than 74 hr. Extensive, post-breeding dispersal was not observed in the adult male American Bitterns in this study. Six male American Bitterns were marked with PTTs on winter range in Florida and Texas. Spring migration for these birds was documented to Nebraska, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. Sixty-seven American Bitterns were marked with Very High Frequency radio transmitters on summer ranges, and 16% (n = 11) were located on wintering grounds used by the satellite-tracked birds, further documenting the importance of the Everglades and the Louisiana coast as winter habitat for American Bitterns that breed in Central North America. Received 29 October 2012, accepted 20 February 2013. C1 [Toepfer, John E.] Soc Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus Ltd, Ada, MN 56510 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Huschle, G (reprint author), 27834 Clearwater Lake Rd, Leonard, MN 56652 USA. EM honkerharmony@gvtel.com FU Eyes on Wildlife Curriculum, Perham School District, Perham, Minnesota; Agassiz Audubon Society, Warren, Minnesota; Society Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus, Waukesha, Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Department of Natural Resources, Red Lake, Minnesota; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuges, Federal Aid and Division of Migratory Birds; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Conservation Grants Program, Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources; Big Cypress Preserve, National Park Service; South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, West Palm Beach, Florida; Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, Florida FX Funding and assistance was provided by Eyes on Wildlife Curriculum, Perham School District, Perham, Minnesota; Agassiz Audubon Society, Warren, Minnesota; Society Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus, Waukesha, Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Department of Natural Resources, Red Lake, Minnesota; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuges, Federal Aid and Division of Migratory Birds; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Conservation Grants Program, Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources; Big Cypress Preserve, National Park Service; South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, West Palm Beach, Florida; and Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, Florida. Beau Willsey obtained the VHF locations in Florida. We also thank Socheata Lor, Margaret Anderson, Patrick Walther, Dave Azure, Tammy Laney, Matthew LaRoaque, Randy Ruppert, Fred Roetker, Bob Foster, Deborah Jansen, Dale Gawlik, Steve Nesbitt, Jim Graham, Casey Armour, David Halfmann and staff at the Agassiz and McFadden National Wildlife Refuges for field and logistical assistance. We thank Paul Howey with Microwave Telemetry Inc. for his assistance and advice with the technology. Banding and marking were conducted under United States Fish and Wildlife Service Federal banding permits #22381 and #09072. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Additional information, photos and figures can be found at http://www.fws.gov/refuge/agassiz. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 300 EP 309 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 229YG UT WOS:000325303200005 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Miller, Mark P. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI Genetic Structure, Diversity and Subspecies Status of Gull-billed Terns (Gelochelidon nilotica) from the United States SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Gelochelidon nilotica; genetic structure; Gull-billed Terns; microsatellite DNA; mitochondrial DNA; subspecies ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; CONSERVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; LOCI; BOTTLENECKS; INFERENCE AB Gull-billed Terns (Gelochelidon nilotica) are among the most widespread, yet scarce, Charadriiformes in the world. Two subspecies are recognized in the United States: G. n. aranea breeds along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts and G. n. vanrossemi breeds in the Salton Sea and San Diego Bay of California. Conservation concerns exist for the species due to its low abundance in the United States and apparent declines in some parts of its North American range. We used nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA sequences to assess genetic diversity and differentiation patterns among Gull-billed Tern populations from Virginia, Texas, and California. We also tested for evidence of population bottlenecks, and evaluated the support our data provide for the North American subspecies. Genetic diversity was highest in Texas and underscored the importance of habitat in that large population. Significant population differentiation existed, but could not be consistently identified using various analytical approaches and suggested that the magnitude of differentiation was low. No evidence for bottlenecks was identified. Our data could not distinguish individuals from different subspecies and therefore do not support the current intraspecific taxonomy. Tenable explanations for many findings are related to the low site tenacity demonstrated by the species. Received 24 January 2013, accepted 8 April 2013. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Sacramento); U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Sacramento) and the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. We are grateful to those who provided samples for these analyses: Ruth Boettcher, Brian Cole, David Newstead, Clay Green, Kate Goodenough, and Hope Draheim. We thank Tara Jennings, Brian Knaus, and Richard Cronn for their laboratory and bioinformatic assistance with the identification of microsatellite loci used in this investigation. Melanie Mitchell provided valuable lab assistance. Nanette Seto and Marie Strausburger provided administrative and logistic support for the project. Sample collections were made and analyzed under U.S. Department of Agriculture Veterinary Permit 101947, Migratory Bird Import/Export permit MB175920-0, Bird Banding Laboratory Permit BBL-22783A, California State Collecting Permit SC-6884, and Scientific Research Permit SPR-0911-341. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 15 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 310 EP 318 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 229YG UT WOS:000325303200006 ER PT J AU Pickens, BA King, SL AF Pickens, Bradley A. King, Sammy L. TI Microhabitat Selection, Demography and Correlates of Home Range Size for the King Rail (Rallus elegans) SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE coastal marsh; drought; habitat selection; home range; King Rail; microhabitat; northern Gulf coast; Rallus elegans; survival ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEYS; WESTERN NEW-YORK; HABITAT USE; CLAPPER RAIL; LEAST BITTERNS; CHENIER PLAIN; TIDAL MARSH; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; WETLANDS AB Animal movements and habitat selection within the home range, or microhabitat selection, can provide insights into habitat requirements, such as foraging and area requirements. The King Rail (Rallus elegans) is a wedand bird of high conservation concern in the United States, but little is known about its movements, habitats, or demography. King Rails (n = 34) were captured during the 2010-2011 breeding seasons in the coastal marshes of southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas. Radio telemetry and direct habitat surveys of King Rail locations were conducted to estimate home ranges and microhabitat selection. Within home ranges, King Rails selected for greater plant species richness and comparatively greater coverage of Phragmites australis, Typha spp., and Schoenoplectus robustus. King Rails were found closer to open water compared to random locations placed 50 m from King Rail locations. Home ranges (n = 22) varied from 0.8-32.8 ha and differed greatly among sites. Home range size did not vary by year or sex; however, increased open water, with a maximum of 29% observed in the study, was correlated with smaller home ranges. Breeding season cumulative survivorship was 89% +/- 22% in 2010 and 61% +/- 43% in 2011, which coincided with a drought. With an equal search effort, King Rail chicks and juveniles observed in May-June decreased from 110 in 2010 to only 16 in the drier year of 2011. The findings show King Rail used marsh with <= 29% open water and had smaller home ranges when open water was more abundant. Received 3 December 2012, accepted 20 March 2013. C1 [Pickens, Bradley A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pickens, BA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bpickens99@gmail.com FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Gulf Coast Joint Venture; Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with support from the Gulf Coast Joint Venture. R. Wilson and the Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture provided funding for radio transmitters. Research was conducted with Louisiana State University AgCenter Animal Care and Use Protocol #AE2010-01, USGS bird banding permit #23596, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) permit #SPR-0309-034, and Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) permit #LNHP-10-001. D. Krementz, P. Stouffer, and C. Overton provided valuable thoughts on the transmitter harness design. We are grateful for the advice of M. Kaller, P. Stouffer, and F. Rohwer. TPWD, LDWF, and USFWS provided housing, logistical support, and personnel time. We thank Patrick Walther, who extended great efforts to drive airboats in all hours of the night. T. Slack, J. Moon, and B. Leonard also provided valuable airboat time. We thank A. Pierce for assistance with banding permits. For field assistance, we are thankful for K. Leuenberger, A. Bevill, C. Faller, M. Oliver, M. Huber, E. Dancer, and S. Sears. We are grateful for the perspectives of M. Perkins, H. Gee, and C. Pickens; two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 32 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 229YG UT WOS:000325303200007 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Nammack, M Cochrane, JF Hutchings, JA AF Waples, Robin S. Nammack, Maria Cochrane, Jean Fitts Hutchings, Jeffrey A. TI A Tale of Two Acts: Endangered Species Listing Practices in Canada and the United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endangered species; ESA; SARA; distinct population segments; designatable units ID EXTINCTION RISK; BIOLOGICAL-DIVERSITY; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; ASSESSMENTS; INDICATORS; PROTOCOLS; SYSTEMS; FISHES AB Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) and the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) have adopted different approaches to achieve overlapping goals. We compare the ESA and SARA, focusing on the roles of science and policy in determining which species warrant legal protection. Our analysis suggests that each act could benefit from mimicking the strengths of the other, and both could be strengthened by greater clarity and transparency of listing determinations. A particular strength of SARA is that all evaluations of species' status are conducted by a single national scientific body. The ESA does not involve a comparable national body but has more stringent legal deadlines for listing actions, and listing decisions cannot by law consider socioeconomic factors (as can occur under SARA). The conservation of biodiversity would be enhanced if both acts were complemented by additional programs focused on broader efforts that protect more species before individual intervention is needed. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nammack, Maria] NOAA, Protected Resources Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cochrane, Jean Fitts] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, in Santa Barbara, California FX The manuscript benefited from discussions within the Red Flags and Extinction Risk Workgroup sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, in Santa Barbara, California. We thank Resit Akcakaya, Steve Chambers, John Fay, Mike Ford, Doug Keinath, Mike Schwartz, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier draft. The views and opinions presented here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their employers. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 58 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2013 VL 63 IS 9 BP 723 EP 734 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.9.8 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 223DW UT WOS:000324785300008 ER PT J AU Rattner, BA Lazarus, RS Heinz, GH Karouna-Renier, NK Schultz, SL Hale, RC AF Rattner, Barnett A. Lazarus, Rebecca S. Heinz, Gary H. Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Schultz, Sandra L. Hale, Robert C. TI Comparative embryotoxicity of a pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture to common terns (Sterna hirundo) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Birds; Embryotoxicity; PBDE; Egg injection; Common tern; American kestrel ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FLAME RETARDANTS; BIRD EGGS; TOXICITY; DE-71; PBDES; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINANTS; INCUBATION; CHICKENS AB Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) eggs from San Francisco Bay have been reported to range up to 63 mu g g(-1) lipid weight. This value exceeds the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (1.8 mu g g(-1) egg wet weight; similar to 32 mu g g(-1) lipid weight) reported in an embryotoxicity study with American kestrels (Falco sparverius). As a surrogate for Forster's terns, common tern (Sterna hirundo) eggs were treated by air cell injection with corn oil vehicle (control) or a commercial penta-BDE formulation (DE-71) at nominal concentrations of 0.2, 2, and 20 mu g g(-1) egg. As a positive control, kestrel eggs received vehicle or 20 mu g DE-71 g(-1), egg. In terns, there were no effects of DE-71 on embryonic survival, and pipping or hatching success; however, treated eggs hatched later (0.44 d) than controls. Organ weights, organ-to-body weight ratios, and bone lengths did not differ, and histopathological observations were unremarkable. Several measures of hepatic oxidative stress in hatchling terns were not affected by DE-71, although there was some evidence of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine; 8-OH-dG). Although DE-71 did not impair pipping and hatching of kestrels, it did result in a delay in hatch, shorter humerus length, and reduced total thyroid weight. Concentrations of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and 8-OH-dG in liver were greater in DE-71-treated kestrels compared to controls. Our findings suggest common tern embryos, and perhaps other tern species, are less sensitive to PBDEs than kestrel embryos. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Lazarus, Rebecca S.; Heinz, Gary H.; Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.; Schultz, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hale, Robert C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brattner@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (SFEI) [869] FX The authors thank R. Michael Erwin, P.C. McGowan, S.E. Warner, W.C. Bauer and M.M. Maxey for assistance in collecting tern and kestrel eggs, E. Harvey and M.J. La Guardia for analysis of eggs and dosing solutions, K.M. Eisenreich for bone length measurements, J.C. Wolf for histopathological evaluations, M. Sedlak and K. Taberski for valuable discussions at various stages of the study, and M.A. McKernan and H.M. Ohlendorf for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. This work was funded in part by the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (SFEI Contract 869). Use of product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2013 VL 93 IS 2 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.030 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221OH UT WOS:000324667700032 PM 23769465 ER PT J AU Villamagna, AM Angermeier, PL Bennett, EM AF Villamagna, Amy M. Angermeier, Paul L. Bennett, Elena M. TI Capacity, pressure, demand, and flow: A conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE Ecological pressure; Ecosystem services; Inventory and assessment; Regulating services; Service capacity; Service demand; Service flow ID DECISION-MAKING; VALUATION; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; VALUES; POLICY AB Ecosystem services provide an instinctive way to understand the trade-offs associated with natural resource management. However, despite their apparent usefulness, several hurdles have prevented ecosystem services from becoming deeply embedded in environmental decision-making. Ecosystem service studies vary widely in focal services, geographic extent, and in methods for defining and measuring services. Dissent among scientists on basic terminology and approaches to evaluating ecosystem services create difficulties for those trying to incorporate ecosystem services into decision-making. To facilitate clearer comparison among recent studies, we provide a synthesis of common terminology and explain a rationale and framework for distinguishing among the components of ecosystem service delivery, including: an ecosystem's capacity to produce services; ecological pressures that interfere with an ecosystem's ability to provide the service; societal demand for the service; and flow of the service to people. We discuss how interpretation and measurement of these four components can differ among provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. Our flexible framework treats service capacity, ecological pressure, demand, and flow as separate but interactive entities to improve our ability to evaluate the sustainability of service provision and to help guide management decisions. We consider ecosystem service provision to be sustainable when demand is met without decreasing capacity for future provision of that service or causing undesirable declines in other services. When ecosystem service demand exceeds ecosystem capacity to provide services, society can choose to enhance natural capacity, decrease demand and/or ecological pressure, or invest in a technological substitute. Because regulating services are frequently overlooked in environmental assessments, we provide a more detailed examination of regulating services and propose a novel method for quantifying the flow of regulating services based on estimates of ecological work. We anticipate that our synthesis and framework will reduce inconsistency and facilitate coherence across analyses of ecosystem services, thereby increasing their utility in environmental decision-making. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Villamagna, Amy M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bennett, Elena M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Bennett, Elena M.] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Villamagna, AM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amv@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program. We thank D. Beard, C. Beier, E. Frimpong, K. Limburg, B. Mogollon and anonymous reviewers for their valuable input and feedback throughout the development of this and related studies. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 48 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 15 U2 139 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 15 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2013.07.004 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220TH UT WOS:000324609300012 ER PT J AU Stamm, JF Hendricks, RR Sawyer, JF Mahan, SA Zaprowski, BJ Geibel, NM Azzolini, DC AF Stamm, John F. Hendricks, Robert R. Sawyer, J. Foster Mahan, Shannon A. Zaprowski, Brent J. Geibel, Nicholas M. Azzolini, David C. TI Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stream piracy; Terraces; Cheyenne; Belle Fourche; Optically stimulated luminescence; Incision rates ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MISSOURI RIVER; DOSE-RATES; LUMINESCENCE; CLIMATE; CHRONOLOGY; MONTANA; HISTORY AB Stream piracy substantially affected the geomorphic evolution of the Missouri River watershed and drainages within, including the Little Missouri, Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, Bad, and White Rivers. The ancestral Cheyenne River eroded headward in an annular pattern around the eastern and southern Black Hills and pirated the headwaters of the ancestral Bad and White Rivers after similar to 660 ka. The headwaters of the ancestral Little Missouri River were pirated by the ancestral Belle Fourche River, a tributary to the Cheyenne River that currently drains much of the northern Black Hills. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques were used to estimate the timing of this piracy event at similar to 22-21 ka. The geomorphic evolution of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers is also expressed by regionally recognized strath terraces that include (from oldest to youngest) the Sturgis, Bear Butte, and Farmingdale terraces. Radiocarbon and OSL dates from fluvial deposits on these terraces indicate incision to the level of the Bear Butte terrace by similar to 63 ka, incision to the level of the Farmingdale terrace at similar to 40 ka, and incision to the level of the modern channel after similar to 12-9 ka. Similar dates of terrace incision have been reported for the Laramie and Wind River Ranges. Hypothesized causes of incision are the onset of colder climate during the middle Wisconsinan and the transition to the full-glacial climate of the late-Wisconsinan/Pinedale glaciation. Incision during the Holocene of the lower Cheyenne River is as much as similar to 80 m and is 3 to 4 times the magnitude of incision at similar to 63 ka and similar to 40 ka. The magnitude of incision during the Holocene might be due to a combined effect of three geomorphic processes acting in concert: glacial isostatic rebound in lower reaches (similar to 40 m), a change from glacial to interglacial climate, and adjustments to increased watershed area resulting from piracy of the ancestral headwaters of the Little Missouri River. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stamm, John F.] US Geol Survey, South Dakota Water Sci Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Hendricks, Robert R.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Sawyer, J. Foster] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Zaprowski, Brent J.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Geog & Geosci, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. [Geibel, Nicholas M.] US Army Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Azzolini, David C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stamm, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, South Dakota Water Sci Ctr, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM jstamm@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 197 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 212NM UT WOS:000323990100002 ER PT J AU Bailey, RT Morway, ED Niswonger, RG Gates, TK AF Bailey, Ryan T. Morway, Eric D. Niswonger, Richard G. Gates, Timothy K. TI Modeling Variably Saturated Multispecies Reactive Groundwater Solute Transport with MODFLOW-UZF and RT3D SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; DENITRIFICATION; FORMULATION; REAERATION; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; SOILS; FLOW AB A numerical model was developed that is capable of simulating multispecies reactive solute transport in variably saturated porous media. This model consists of a modified version of the reactive transport model RT3D (Reactive Transport in 3 Dimensions) that is linked to the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) package and MODFLOW. Referred to as UZF-RT3D, the model is tested against published analytical benchmarks as well as other published contaminant transport models, including HYDRUS-1D, VS2DT, and SUTRA, and the coupled flow and transport modeling system of CATHY and TRAN3D. Comparisons in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional variably saturated systems are explored. While several test cases are included to verify the correct implementation of variably saturated transport in UZF-RT3D, other cases are included to demonstrate the usefulness of the code in terms of model run-time and handling the reaction kinetics of multiple interacting species in variably saturated subsurface systems. As UZF1 relies on a kinematic-wave approximation for unsaturated flow that neglects the diffusive terms in Richards equation, UZF-RT3D can be used for large-scale aquifer systems for which the UZF1 formulation is reasonable, that is, capillary-pressure gradients can be neglected and soil parameters can be treated as homogeneous. Decreased model run-time and the ability to include site-specific chemical species and chemical reactions make UZF-RT3D an attractive model for efficient simulation of multispecies reactive transport in variably saturated large-scale subsurface systems. C1 [Bailey, Ryan T.; Gates, Timothy K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Morway, Eric D.; Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Bailey, RT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rtbailey@engr.colostate.edu OI Bailey, Ryan/0000-0002-6539-1474 FU Colorado Nonpoint Source Program of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Colorado Nonpoint Source Program of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors thank Mario Putti and Domenico Bau for providing access to the CATHY and TRAN3D models. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for helpful comments and suggestions in improving the content of this paper. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 5 BP 752 EP 761 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01009.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 211FE UT WOS:000323889900016 PM 23131109 ER PT J AU Weeks, EP Clark, AC AF Weeks, E. P. Clark, A. C. TI Evaluation of Near-Critical Overdamping Effects in Slug-Test Response SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WELL; AQUIFERS AB A slug test behaves as a harmonic oscillator, subject to both inertial effects and viscous damping. When viscous and inertial forces are closely balanced, the system is nearly critically damped, and water-level recovery is affected by inertial effects, but does not exhibit oscillation. These effects were investigated by use of type curves, generated both by modification of Kipp's (1985) computer program and by use of the Butler-Zhan (2004) model. Utility of the type curves was verified by re-analysis of the Regina slug test previously analyzed by Kipp. These type curves indicate that near-critical inertial effects result in early-time delayed water-level response followed by merger with, or more rapid recovery than, response for the fully damped case. Because of this early time response, slug tests in the moderately over-damped range are best analyzed using log-log type curves of (1 - H/H-0) vs. Tt/r(c)(2). Failure to recognize inertial effects in slug test data could result in an over-estimate of transmissivity, and a too-small estimate of storage coefficient or too-large estimate of well skin. However, application of the widely used but highly empirical Hvorslev (1951) method to analyze both the Regina slug test and type-curve generated data indicate that such analyses provide T values within a factor of 2 of the true value. C1 [Weeks, E. P.; Clark, A. C.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Weeks, EP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM epweeks@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 5 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01012.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 211FE UT WOS:000323889900019 PM 23163489 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD Zygnerski, M AF Langevin, Christian D. Zygnerski, Michael TI Effect of Sea-Level Rise on Salt Water Intrusion near a Coastal Well Field in Southeastern Florida SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SALTWATER INTRUSION; SEAWATER INTRUSION; BISCAYNE AQUIFER; MODEL; USA; DENSITY; SYSTEM; IMPACT; FLOW; SIMULATION AB A variable-density groundwater flow and dispersive solute transport model was developed for the shallow coastal aquifer system near a municipal supply well field in southeastern Florida. The model was calibrated for a 105-year period (1900 to 2005). An analysis with the model suggests that well-field withdrawals were the dominant cause of salt water intrusion near the well field, and that historical sea-level rise, which is similar to lower-bound projections of future sea-level rise, exacerbated the extent of salt water intrusion. Average 2005 hydrologic conditions were used for 100-year sensitivity simulations aimed at quantifying the effect of projected rises in sea level on fresh coastal groundwater resources near the well field. Use of average 2005 hydrologic conditions and a constant sea level result in total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of the well field exceeding drinking water standards after 70 years. When sea-level rise is included in the simulations, drinking water standards are exceeded 10 to 21 years earlier, depending on the specified rate of sea-level rise. C1 [Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zygnerski, Michael] Broward Cty Environm Protect & Growth Management, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM langevin@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 5 BP 781 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01008.x PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 211FE UT WOS:000323889900020 PM 23145832 ER PT J AU Wikle, CK Holan, SH Hooten, MB AF Wikle, Christopher K. Holan, Scott H. Hooten, Mevin B. TI Guest Editor's Introduction to the Special Issue on "Modern Dimension Reduction Methods for Big Data Problems in Ecology" SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wikle, Christopher K.; Holan, Scott H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wikle, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wiklec@missouri.edu; holans@missouri.edu; hooten@rams.colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0151-0 PG 3 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 223VK UT WOS:000324839400001 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Garlick, MJ Powell, JA AF Hooten, Mevin B. Garlick, Martha J. Powell, James A. TI Computationally Efficient Statistical Differential Equation Modeling Using Homogenization SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Change of support; Harmonic mean; Multi-scale analysis; Partial differential equation; Spatio-temporal model; Upscaling ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELS; OUTBREAK POPULATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; RANGE EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; INFORMATION AB Statistical models using partial differential equations (PDEs) to describe dynamically evolving natural systems are appearing in the scientific literature with some regularity in recent years. Often such studies seek to characterize the dynamics of temporal or spatio-temporal phenomena such as invasive species, consumer-resource interactions, community evolution, and resource selection. Specifically, in the spatial setting, data are often available at varying spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, the necessary numerical integration of a PDE may be computationally infeasible over the spatial support of interest. We present an approach to impose computationally advantageous changes of support in statistical implementations of PDE models and demonstrate its utility through simulation using a form of PDE known as "ecological diffusion." We also apply a statistical ecological diffusion model to a data set involving the spread of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in Idaho, USA. This article has supplementary material online. C1 [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Bio, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garlick, Martha J.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Rapid City, SD USA. [Powell, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Bio, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mevin.Hooten@colostate.edu FU USGS [1434-06HQRU1555] FX This research was funded by USGS 1434-06HQRU1555. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 405 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0147-9 PG 24 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 223VK UT WOS:000324839400008 ER PT J AU Yang, WH Wikle, CK Holan, SH Wildhaber, ML AF Yang, Wen-Hsi Wikle, Christopher K. Holan, Scott H. Wildhaber, Mark L. TI Ecological Prediction With Nonlinear Multivariate Time-Frequency Functional Data Models SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaging; Dimension reduction; Empirical orthogonal functions; Nonlinearity; Shovelnose sturgeon; Spectrogram; Stochastic search variable selection ID BAYESIAN VARIABLE SELECTION; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; SPAWNING SUCCESS; MISSOURI RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; REGRESSION; SIGNALS; SERIES; EEG AB Time-frequency analysis has become a fundamental component of many scientific inquiries. Due to improvements in technology, the amount of high-frequency signals that are collected for ecological and other scientific processes is increasing at a dramatic rate. In order to facilitate the use of these data in ecological prediction, we introduce a class of nonlinear multivariate time-frequency functional models that can identify important features of each signal as well as the interaction of signals corresponding to the response variable of interest. Our methodology is of independent interest and utilizes stochastic search variable selection to improve model selection and performs model averaging to enhance prediction. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulation and by application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River. C1 [Yang, Wen-Hsi; Wikle, Christopher K.; Holan, Scott H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP Yang, WH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, 146 Middlebush Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wyd23@mail.missouri.edu; wiklec@missouri.edu; holans@missouri.edu; mwildhaber@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Census Bureau under NSF [SES-1132031]; NSF-Census Research Network (NCRN) program; University of Missouri Research Board; NSF [DMS-1049093]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank Mevin Hooten and two anonymous referees for providing detailed comments that helped substantially improve this article. This research was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Census Bureau under NSF grant SES-1132031, funded through the NSF-Census Research Network (NCRN) program and by a University of Missouri Research Board grant. Additionally, this research was partially supported by NSF DMS-1049093. This project was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The authors thank all the people that have been involved in the USGS Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Program from which the data came. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Thanks to Janice Albers of the USGS for help in data acquisition support. Lastly, thanks to all who helped from the USGS, CERC. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 450 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0142-1 PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 223VK UT WOS:000324839400010 ER PT J AU Watkins, JM Rudstam, LG Crabtree, DL Walsh, MG AF Watkins, J. M. Rudstam, L. G. Crabtree, D. L. Walsh, M. G. TI Is reduced benthic flux related to the Diporeia decline? Analysis of spring blooms and whiting events in Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diporeia; Dreissena; Lake Ontario; Remote sensing ID LOWER GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MYSIS-RELICTA; MICHIGAN; SPP.; DISAPPEARANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY AB Benthic monitoring by USGS off the southern shore of Lake Ontario from October 1993 to October 1995 provides a detailed view of the early stages of the decline of the native amphipod Diporeia. A loss of the 1994 and 1995 year classes of Diporeia preceded the disappearance of the native amphipod at sites near Oswego and Rochester at depths from 55 to 130 m. In succeeding years, Diporeia populations continued to decline in Lake Ontario and were nearly extirpated by 2008. Explanations for Diporeia's decline in the Great Lakes include several hypotheses often linked to the introduction and expansion of exotic zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena sp.). We compare the timeline of the Diporeia decline in Lake Ontario with trends in two sources of organic matter to the sediments - spring diatom blooms and late summer whiting events. The 1994-95 decline of Diporeia coincided with localized dreissenid effects on phytoplankton in the nearshore and a year (April 1994 to May 1995) of decreased flux of organic carbon recorded by sediment traps moored offshore of Oswego. Later declines of profundal (>90 m) Diporeia populations in 2003 were poorly associated with trends in spring algal blooms and late summer whiting events. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Watkins, J. M.; Rudstam, L. G.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Crabtree, D. L.] Nature Conservancy, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. [Walsh, M. G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Watkins, JM (reprint author), Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM jmw237@cornell.edu; lgr1@cornell.edu; dcrabtree@tnc.org; mwalsh@usgs.gov FU Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This work was supported by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency under the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to LGR with additional support from the Cornell Agriculture Research Station. The 1993 to 1995 benthic samples were collected in association with USGS-Lake Ontario Biological Station's surveys of prey fish populations by Randy Owens and analyzed through two New York Sea Grant projects (to Don Stewart at SUNY-ESF and Lars Rudstam at Cornell University). We thank Richard Ruby for the help with the data processing. We recognize the Great Lakes National Program Office of US EPA for making their Great Lakes water quality survey data publicly accessible. We recognize the SeaDAS development group of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center for providing satellite data and image processing software. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This is contribution number 1759 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and 292 of the Cornell Biological Field Station. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.05.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WM UT WOS:000324843200003 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Doubek, JP Schaeffer, JS Lehman, JT AF Jackson, Elliot W. Doubek, Jonathan P. Schaeffer, Jeffrey S. Lehman, John T. TI Historical and recent biomass and food web relations of Limnocalanus in Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Trophic structure; Zooplankton ID STABLE-ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; CLADOCERAN BYTHOTREPHES; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; MICHIGAN; MACRURUS; DYNAMICS; DELTA-N-15; COMMUNITY; PRESERVATION; DELTA-C-13 AB Reported population biomass of Limnocalanus macrurus in Lake Huron has been underestimated by several-fold owing to application of an inappropriate length-weight regression model. During August and September the underestimates can exceed three-fold, suggesting that secondary production of the species in the lake is greater than previously thought. Increased representation of the species in the plankton community in recent years is associated with a decrease in its trophic level deduced through nitrogen stable isotope analysis of specimens from opportunistic samples obtained in 1993, 1995, and 2009. Limnocalanus N-15 enrichment relative to primary herbivores appears to have decreased by 1.5%. over this time period. Similarly, Diaptomus N-15 enrichment relative to primary herbivores appeared to decrease by 1.1%. from 1993 to 2009. Our data offer at least two possible explanations for this shift. (I) Limnocalanus has adopted a more herbivorous diet in response to the ecological changes in Lake Huron or (2) hypolimnetic Diaptomus have adopted a more herbivorous diet and Limnocalanus is relying in part on Diaptomus as a food source. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Elliot W.; Doubek, Jonathan P.; Lehman, John T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lehman, JT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 830N Univ Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jtlehman@umich.edu FU NSF Biological Oceanography program FX We thank Lora Wingate and Patricia Micks for performing the stable isotope analyses. This research was supported by grants from the NSF Biological Oceanography program. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.05.005 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WM UT WOS:000324843200004 ER PT J AU Taabu-Munyaho, A Kayanda, RJ Everson, I Grabowski, TB Marteinsdottir, G AF Taabu-Munyaho, A. Kayanda, Robert J. Everson, Inigo Grabowski, Timothy B. Marteinsdottir, Gudrun TI Distribution and exploitation of Nile perch Lates niloticus in relation to stratification in Lake Victoria, East Africa SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dissolved oxygen; Exploitation pattern; Lake Victoria; Nile perch; Stratification; Temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RASTRINEOBOLA-ARGENTEA; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; HABITAT COMPRESSION; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; FISH; ESTUARY; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Stratification restricts habitable areas forcing fish to balance between favourable temperature and minimum dissolved oxygen requirements. Acoustic surveys conducted during the stratified and isothermal periods on tropical Lake Victoria indicated that stratification of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) affected vertical distribution of Nile perch. There was higher mean temperature (25.6 +/- 0.5 C) and lower DO (6.4 +/- 1.8 mg/l) during stratified period compared to the isothermal period (mean temperature 24.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C; mean DO 73 +/- 0.6 mg/l). Higher mean densities of Nile perch were recorded in the coastal (0.44 +/- 0.03) and deep (0.27 +/- 0.02 g/m(3)) strata during the stratified compared to the isothermal season (coastal: 0.24 +/- 0.01; deep: 0.12 +/- 0.02 g/m(3)). In addition, Nile perch density in the upper 0-40 m depth layers in the coastal and deep strata increased by over 50% from the isothermal to the stratified season. Daily landings from 65 motorised fishing boats between October 2008 and September 2010 show higher mean catch (26.29 +/- 0.17 kg/boat/day) during stratified compared to the isothermal (23.59 +/- 0.15) season. Thermal stratification apparently compresses the habitat available to Nile perch and can potentially result in higher exploitation. Managers should evaluate the potential benefits of instituting closed seasons during the stratified period, and stock assessment models should take into account the seasonal niche compression. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taabu-Munyaho, A.] Natl Fisheries Resources Res Inst, Jinja, Uganda. [Taabu-Munyaho, A.; Marteinsdottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kayanda, Robert J.] Tanzania Fisheries Res Inst, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Everson, Inigo] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Taabu-Munyaho, A (reprint author), Natl Fisheries Resources Res Inst, POB 343, Jinja, Uganda. EM ataabum@yahoo.com FU Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization through the European Union [8 ACP ROR 029]; Leverhulme Trust FX We thank the captain and engineer of the RV Explorer, R. Mamelela and H. Kalima, and their entire crew for their assistance during data collection and U. Wabeya, E. Odada and G. Magezi for data entry and laboratory analyses. G. Nabukera of Nakatiba landing site collected and maintained fish catch data. Funds for the acoustic surveys were provided by Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization through the European Union supported Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan project (No. 8 ACP ROR 029). The participation of I. Everson was partly supported by an emeritus fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust. This manuscript benefited from the comments and suggestions of B. McAdam, and B. Marshall. Cooperating agencies for the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 466 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WM UT WOS:000324843200011 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Diel variation in summer habitat use, feeding periodicity, and diet of subyearling Atlantic salmon in the Salmon River Basin, New York SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Diel; Habitat; Diet; Subyearling ID LAKE-ONTARIO TRIBUTARIES; MICROHABITAT USE; STEELHEAD TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SALAR; STREAM; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB The habitat use, diet composition, and feeding periodicity of subyearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) was examined during both day and night periods during summer in tributaries of Lake Ontario. The amount of cover used was the major habitat variable that differed between day and night periods in both streams. At night subyearling Atlantic salmon were associated with significantly less cover than during the day. Principal Component Analysis showed that habitat selection of subyearling Atlantic salmon was more pronounced during the day in both streams and that salmon in Orwell Brook exhibited more diel variability in habitat use than salmon in Trout Brook. Subyearling salmon fed primarily from the benthic substrate on baetids, chironomids, and leptocerids. There was a substantial amount of diel variation in diet composition with peak feeding occurring from 0400 h to 0800 h on July 21-22, 2008. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.003 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WM UT WOS:000324843200014 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Trebitz, AS Steinman, AD Wiley, MJ Mazur, MC Pebbles, V Braun, HA Seelbach, PW AF Larson, James H. Trebitz, Anett S. Steinman, Alan D. Wiley, Michael J. Mazur, Martha Carlson Pebbles, Victoria Braun, Heather A. Seelbach, Paul W. TI Great Lakes rivermouth ecosystems: Scientific synthesis and management implications SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mixing zone; Hydrology; Geochemistry; Biotic diversity; Ecosystem services; Estuary ID SUPERIOR COASTAL WETLANDS; OLD WOMAN CREEK; WATER CHEMISTRY; CANADIAN NEARSHORE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; FLOW REGIME; MONA LAKE; LAND-USE; MICHIGAN AB At the interface of the Great Lakes and their tributary rivers lies the rivermouths, a class of aquatic ecosystem where lake and lotic processes mix and distinct features emerge. Many rivermouths are the focal point of both human interaction with the Great Lakes and human impacts to the lakes; many cities, ports, and beaches are located in rivermouth ecosystems, and these human pressures often degrade key ecological functions that rivermouths provide. Despite their ecological uniqueness and apparent economic importance, there has been relatively little research on these ecosystems as a class relative to studies on upstream rivers or the open-lake waters. Here we present a synthesis of current knowledge about ecosystem structure and function in Great Lakes rivermouths based on studies in both Laurentian rivermouths, coastal wetlands, and marine estuarine systems. A conceptual model is presented that establishes a common semantic framework for discussing the characteristic spatial features of rivermouths. This model then is used to conceptually link ecosystem structure and function to ecological services provided by rivermouths. This synthesis helps identify the critical gaps in understanding rivermouth ecology. Specifically, additional information is needed on how rivermouths collectively influence the Great Lakes ecosystem, how human alterations influence rivermouth functions, and how ecosystem services provided by rivermouths can be managed to benefit the surrounding socioeconomic networks. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Larson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Trebitz, Anett S.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Steinman, Alan D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mazur, Martha Carlson] Bellarmine Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Louisville, KY 40225 USA. [Pebbles, Victoria; Braun, Heather A.] Great Lakes Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Seelbach, Paul W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov; trebitz.anett@epa.gov; steinmaa@gvsu.edu; mjwiley@umich.edu; mmazur@bellarmine.edu; vpebbles@glc.org; pseelbach@usgs.gov OI Steinman, Alan/0000-0002-4886-4305 NR 132 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WM UT WOS:000324843200017 ER PT J AU Faccio, SD Amaral, M Martin, CJ Lloyd, JD French, TW Tur, A AF Faccio, Steven D. Amaral, Michael Martin, Christian J. Lloyd, John D. French, Thomas W. Tur, Anthony TI MOVEMENT PATTERNS, NATAL DISPERSAL, AND SURVIVAL OF PEREGRINE FALCONS BANDED IN NEW ENGLAND SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; band recovery; dispersal; mortality; New England; survivorship ID BREEDING DISPERSAL; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATION; DEMOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES; BIRDS AB Knowledge of dispersal patterns and survival rates is essential to understand population dynamics and demography, and to develop effective long-term management strategies for species of conservation concern. In New England, Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) were extirpated as a breeding species in the 1960s. Following a captive breeding and release program, the population subsequently underwent a rapid, dispersal-based expansion into its former range, particularly during the last two decades. Use of buildings, bridges, and other human-made structures for nesting has become widespread in urban areas, where the species only infrequently nested prior to reintroduction. We analyzed encounters of Peregrine Falcons banded as nestlings in the six New England states between May 1990 and June 2009 to determine: (a) differences in dispersal patterns (distance and direction) by sex; (b) differences in movement and natal dispersal among birds from cliff and artificial nest sites; (c) causes of mortality; and (d) effects of sex, age, and natal habitat type on survivorship. Of 986 Peregrine Falcons banded, 24% were encountered again at least once by December 2009. Although most encounters (76%) occurred within the study area, 24% were outside New England in eight other eastern states, three Canadian provinces, Cuba, and Nicaragua. Five percent of the marked population was later confirmed at breeding territories in the eastern U.S.A., primarily in New England. Females dispersed greater distances (natal dispersal = 152.6 km; range = 70.2- 853.5 km; n = 28) than males (88.0 km; range = 0.03-1009.7 km; n = 22). New England peregrines showed a strong tendency to settle at nest types similar to those on which they were raised (rural cliff vs. urban structures); however, we documented movement from urban to rural habitats and vice versa in equal proportions. The causes of mortality for 122 recovered birds included unknown (61%), collisions with aircraft (11%), collisions with stationary objects (8%), falling from nest site (8%), collisions with vehicles or trains (7%), gunshot wounds (2%), entanglement in fishing gear (1%), and poisoning (1%). Most deaths occurred among first-year (68%) and second-year (11%) birds, with first-year peregrines experiencing significantly higher mortality than other age classes. The estimated annual survival rate for second-year and adult falcons combined was 81%, whereas our estimate for first-year birds was only 9%; however, the latter rate likely is a significant underestimate. We found no effect of natal habitat or sex on survival. C1 [Faccio, Steven D.] Vermont Ctr Ecostudies, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. [Amaral, Michael; Tur, Anthony] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Martin, Christian J.] Audubon Soc New Hampshire, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Lloyd, John D.] Vermont Field Off, Ecostudies Inst, South Strafford, VT 05070 USA. [French, Thomas W.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Faccio, SD (reprint author), Vermont Ctr Ecostudies, POB 420, Norwich, VT 05055 USA. EM sfaccio@vtecostudies.org NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 64 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 246 EP 261 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 219LA UT WOS:000324507200003 ER PT J AU Pagel, JE Kritz, KJ Millsap, BA Murphy, RK Kershner, EL Covington, S AF Pagel, Joel E. Kritz, Kevin J. Millsap, Brian A. Murphy, Robert K. Kershner, Eric L. Covington, Scott TI BALD EAGLE AND GOLDEN EAGLE MORTALITIES AT WIND ENERGY FACILITIES IN THE CONTIGUOUS UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; mortality; United States; wind energy ID CALIFORNIA C1 [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Kritz, Kevin J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Millsap, Brian A.; Murphy, Robert K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Kershner, Eric L.; Covington, Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. EM joel_pagel@fws.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 56 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 219LA UT WOS:000324507200009 ER PT J AU Dell'Acqua, F Gamba, P Jaiswal, K AF Dell'Acqua, F. Gamba, P. Jaiswal, K. TI Spatial aspects of building and population exposure data and their implications for global earthquake exposure modeling SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Exposure; Global database; Remote sensing ID RISK AB This paper discusses spatial aspects of the global exposure dataset and mapping needs for earthquake risk assessment. We discuss this in the context of development of a Global Exposure Database for the Global Earthquake Model (GED4GEM), which requires compilation of a multi-scale inventory of assets at risk, for example, buildings, populations, and economic exposure. After defining the relevant spatial and geographic scales of interest, different procedures are proposed to disaggregate coarse-resolution data, to map them, and if necessary to infer missing data by using proxies. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these methodologies and detail the potentials of utilizing remote-sensing data. The latter is used especially to homogenize an existing coarser dataset and, where possible, replace it with detailed information extracted from remote sensing using the built-up indicators for different environments. Present research shows that the spatial aspects of earthquake risk computation are tightly connected with the availability of datasets of the resolution necessary for producing sufficiently detailed exposure. The global exposure database designed by the GED4GEM project is able to manage datasets and queries of multiple spatial scales. C1 [Dell'Acqua, F.; Gamba, P.] Univ Pavia, Dept Elect, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Jaiswal, K.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Gamba, P (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Elect, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM paolo.gamba@unipv.it RI Dell'Acqua, Fabio/L-5498-2013; Gamba, Paolo/G-1959-2010 OI Gamba, Paolo/0000-0002-9576-6337 FU Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation FX The research performed in this work was funded by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation, in the framework of the "Global Exposure Database for GEM" (GED4GEM) and "Inventory Data Capture Tools" (IDCT) projects. The authors are in debt to all the other people involved in these projects for useful discussions about this topic, especially to Charles Huyck (ImageCat Inc.) and Gianni Cristian Iannelli. A special thanks to Davide Cavalca, IT manager of the GED4GEM project, for his help in managing most of the data exploited in this work. Ms. Margaret Hopper of USGS helped review the manuscript to improve its readability. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD SEP PY 2013 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1291 EP 1309 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0241-2 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 221JI UT WOS:000324653900005 ER PT J AU Weppner, KN Pierce, JL Betancourt, JL AF Weppner, Kerrie N. Pierce, Jennifer L. Betancourt, Julio L. TI Holocene fire occurrence and alluvial responses at the leading edge of pinyon-juniper migration in the Northern Great Basin, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fire; Holocene; Vegetation change; Charcoal; Debris flow; PJ woodlands; Albion Mountains; Idaho; Woodrat midden ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DEBRIS-FLOW INITIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BONNEVILLE BASIN; HISTORICAL FIRE; NEW-MEXICO; WILDFIRE; AMERICA AB Fire and vegetation records at the City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO), south-central Idaho, display the interaction of changing climate, fire and vegetation along the migrating front of single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Radiocarbon dating of alluvial charcoal reconstructed local fire occurrence and geomorphic response, and fossil woodrat (Neotoma) middens revealed pinyon and juniper arrivals. Fire peaks occurred similar to 10,700-9500, 7200-6700, 2400-2000, 850-700, and 550-400 cal yr BP, whereas similar to 9500-7200, 6700-4700 and similar to 1500-1000 cal yr BP are fire-free. Wetter climates and denser vegetation fueled episodic fires and debris flows during the early and late Holocene, whereas drier climates and reduced vegetation caused frequent sheetflooding during the mid-Holocene. Increased fires during the wetter and more variable late Holocene suggest variable climate and adequate fuels augment fires at CIRO. Utah juniper and single-leaf pinyon colonized CIRO by 3800 and 2800 cal yr BP, respectively, though pinyon did not expand broadly until similar to 700 cal yr BP. Increased fire-related deposition coincided with regional droughts and pinyon infilling similar to 850-700 and 550-400 cal yr BP. Early and late Holocene vegetation change probably played a major role in accelerated fire activity, which may be sustained into the future due to pinyon-juniper densification and cheatgrass invasion. (c) 2013 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Weppner, Kerrie N.; Pierce, Jennifer L.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Weppner, KN (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM kerrieweppner@u.boisestate.edu; jenpierce@boisestate.edu FU Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; Bureau of Land Management; National Park Service/U.S. Geological Survey Park Oriented Biological Support (POBS) Program; City of Rocks National Reserve; Boise State University FX Funding was provided by the Idaho EPSCoR Program and the National Science Foundation (award # EPS-0814387 to Pierce), Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service/U.S. Geological Survey Park Oriented Biological Support (POBS) Program (award to Betancourt), and the City of Rocks National Reserve and Boise State University. Special thanks to Lesley Morris for bringing this group together, Wallace Keck and Kristen Bastis for administrative and logistic support at CIRO, Austin Hopkins for field assistance and James McMurtry for musical inspiration. Kate A. Rylander contributed to the midden analysis. Erica Bigio (University of Arizona) provided valuable comments. The study benefited from discussions with Doug Shinneman, and was improved by the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Radiocarbon dates were provided by AMS Laboratories at University of Arizona and W.M. Keck Carbon Cycle Lab, University of California, Irvine. NR 96 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 80 IS 2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.06.004 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 220EJ UT WOS:000324564600001 ER PT J AU Swezey, CS Schultz, AP Gonzalez, WA Bernhardt, CE Doar, WR Garrity, CP Mahan, SA McGeehin, JP AF Swezey, Christopher S. Schultz, Arthur P. Gonzalez, Wilma Aleman Bernhardt, Christopher E. Doar, William R., III Garrity, Christopher P. Mahan, Shannon A. McGeehin, John P. TI Quaternary eolian dunes in the Savannah River valley, Jasper County, South Carolina, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eolian; Dune; Quaternary; South Carolina ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; PAST 21,000 YEARS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; EL-NINO; NORTH-ATLANTIC; STATISTICAL-MODELS; VEGETATION HISTORY; MOJAVE DESERT AB Sand hills in the Savannah River valley in Jasper County (South Carolina, USA) are interpreted as the remnants of parabolic eolian dunes composed of sand derived from the Savannah River and stabilized by vegetation under prevailing climate conditions. Optically stimulated luminescence ages reveal that most of the dunes were active ca. 40 to 19 ka ago, coincident with the last glacial maximum (LGM) through early deglaciation. Modern surface winds are not sufficient for sustained eolian sand transport. When the dunes were active, winds blew at velocities of at least 4 m/s from west to east, and some vegetation was present. The ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P:PE) was less than the modern ratio of 1.23 and may have been <0.30, caused by stronger winds (which would have resulted in greater evaporation) and/or reduced precipitation. The Savannah River dunes are part of a larger assemblage of eolian dunes that were active in the eastern United States during and immediately after the LGM, suggesting that eolian sediment behavior in this region has been controlled by regional forcing mechanisms during the Quaternary. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Swezey, Christopher S.; Schultz, Arthur P.; Gonzalez, Wilma Aleman; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Doar, William R., III] South Carolina Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29212 USA. [Garrity, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Swezey, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cswezey@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774; Swezey, Christopher/0000-0003-4019-9264 NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 80 IS 2 BP 250 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.06.007 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 220EJ UT WOS:000324564600010 ER PT J AU Litwin, RJ Smoot, JP Pavich, MJ Markewich, HW Brook, G Durika, NJ AF Litwin, Ronald J. Smoot, Joseph P. Pavich, Milan J. Markewich, Helaine W. Brook, George Durika, Nancy J. TI 100,000-year-long terrestrial record of millennial-scale linkage between eastern North American mid-latitude paleovegetation shifts and Greenland ice-core oxygen isotope trends SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Paleoclimate; Pollen; Frequency analysis; Late Pleistocene; Long climate record; D-O events; Heinrich events; GRIP; GISP2; NGRIP ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DANSGAARD-OESCHGER EVENTS; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; HEINRICH EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLLEN DATA; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB We document frequent, rapid, strong, millennial-scale paleovegetation shifts throughout the late Pleistocene, within a 100,000+ yr interval (similar to 115-15 ka) of terrestrial sediments from the mid-Atlantic Region (MAR) of North America. High-resolution analyses of fossil pollen from one core locality revealed a continuously shifting sequence of thermally dependent forest assemblages, ranging between two endmembers: subtropical oak-tupelo-bald cypress-gum forest and high boreal spruce-pine forest. Sedimentary textural evidence indicates fluvial, paludal, and loess deposition, and paleosol formation, representing sequential freshwater to subaerial environments in which this record was deposited. Its total age-depth model, based on radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence ages, ranges from terrestrial oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 6 to 1. The particular core sub-interval presented here is correlative in trend and timing to that portion of the oxygen isotope sequence common among several Greenland ice cores: interstades GI2 to GI24 (approximate to OIS2-5 d). This site thus provides the first evidence for an essentially complete series of 'Dansgaard-Oeschger' climate events in the MAR. These data reveal that the similar to 100,000 yr preceding the Late Glacial and Holocene in the MAR of North America were characterized by frequently and dynamically changing climate states, and by vegetation shifts that closely tracked the Greenland paleoclimate sequence. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Litwin, Ronald J.; Smoot, Joseph P.; Pavich, Milan J.; Durika, Nancy J.] USGS Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Markewich, Helaine W.] USGS, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. [Brook, George] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Litwin, RJ (reprint author), USGS Natl Ctr, MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rlitwin@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program (Landscape Response to Quaternary Climate Change Project, M. Pavich). We gratefully acknowledge USGS drillers Eugene Cobbs, Jr., and Jeff Grey for coring assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the Fairfax County Park Authority (with special thanks to Kevin Monroe and David Lawlor) for coring permission and access to Huntley Meadows Park. We are indebted to Albert J. Froelich (USGS, deceased) for his insightful early geologic research in Hybla Valley. We thank Jack McGeehin (USGS) for AMS 14C analyses of samples from these cores. We are grateful to Amy Myrbo, Kristina Brady, Anders Noren, and the staff at the Lacustrine Research Center at University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (Minneapolis), for their cooperation and technical support during initial splitting and processing of these cores. We thank Ben Hardt (USGS) for helpful discussion, and John Repetski (USGS), Christopher Bernhardt (USGS), Darrin L Lowry (Univ.Delaware) and an anonymous journal reviewer, whose thoughtful reviews improved this manuscript. We acknowledge with special thanks GIS assistance from Gary R. Buell (USGS). We thank current and former staff of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA (Mary R. Dawson, John E. Guilday (deceased), and Allen D. McCrady), for helpful early discussions on the temporal resolution of Pleistocene terrestrial sequences in eastern North America. NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 80 IS 2 BP 291 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.05.003 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 220EJ UT WOS:000324564600014 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Wood, CL AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Wood, Chelsea L. TI It's a myth that protection against disease is a strong and general service of biodiversity conservation: Response to Ostfeld and Keesing SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; DIVERSITY; RISK C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wood, Chelsea L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kevin.lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu; clwood@stanford.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 28 IS 9 BP 503 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2013.06.012 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 225PV UT WOS:000324975700005 PM 23948615 ER PT J AU George, AD O'Connell, TJ Hickman, KR Leslie, DM AF George, Andrew D. O'Connell, Timothy J. Hickman, Karen R. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI FOOD AVAILABILITY IN EXOTIC GRASSLANDS: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM FOR DEPAUPERATE BREEDING ASSEMBLAGES SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropod biomass; Bothriochloa ischaemum; Conservation Reserve Program; grassland birds; invasive species; mixed-grass prairie; Old World bluestem ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; MIDWESTERN COAL-MINES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; QUALITY; FIELDS AB We investigated the influence of Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum; OWB) monocultures on grassland bird abundance through analysis of vegetation structure and food availability. We compared breeding bird density, vegetation structure and composition, and arthropod biomass between six native grass and six OWB fields in the southern Great Plains, The OWB fields supported 1.70 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SE) Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) per ha compared to 0.95 +/- 0.25 in native grass fields, but total species richness was greater in native grass fields (40 versus 28 species). Density of some bird species was correlated with vegetation structure regardless of field type, suggesting that management practices may be more influential than plant species composition. Mean arthropod biomass was 3.39X greater in native grass fields than in OWB monocultures. Native grass fields provided habitat for a larger complement of birds than did OWB monocultures, and reduced food availability in OWB fields suggests a mechanism for that difference. C1 [George, Andrew D.; O'Connell, Timothy J.; Hickman, Karen R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP George, AD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM adgeorge@mail.missouri.edu RI O'Connell, Timothy/A-2908-2011 OI O'Connell, Timothy/0000-0001-8215-2670 FU State Wildlife Grants of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University [T-36-P] FX We thank V. Cavalieri, J. Heinen, and S. Robertson, who helped conduct vegetation sampling in 2007. Private landowners, including Groendyke Transport Inc. and Johnston Enterprises Inc., provided access to their lands. We thank A. Cox, J. Faaborg and F. Thompson, III, who gave helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided from State Wildlife Grants under Project T-36-P of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University and administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute cooperating). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 125 IS 3 BP 526 EP 533 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 222GH UT WOS:000324718700008 ER PT J AU Pugesek, BH Baldwin, MJ Stehn, T AF Pugesek, Bruce H. Baldwin, Michael J. Stehn, Thomas TI The Relationship of Blue Crab Abundance to Winter Mortality of Whooping Cranes SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aransas-Matagorda National Wildlife Refuge; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; feeding ecology; Grus Americana; mortality; Whooping Crane AB We sampled blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) numbers in marshes on the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas from 1998-2006, while simultaneously censusing the wintering population of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) on the refuge and surrounding habitats. This was done to determine whether mortality of wintering Whooping Cranes was related to the availability of this food source. Yearly variation in crab numbers was high, ranging from a low of 0.1 crabs to a high of 3.4 crabs per 100-m transect section. Significant non-linear increases in both juvenile and adult mortality in relation to decreasing crab abundance was observed. Results suggest that some threshold of crab abundance exists in which Whooping Cranes have higher survival on their wintering grounds. C1 [Pugesek, Bruce H.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Baldwin, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Stehn, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Austwell, TX 77950 USA. RP Pugesek, BH (reprint author), Voyageur Res, 244 Kare Bear Ln, Sandpoint, ID 83864 USA. EM bpugesek@usfamily.net RI Baldwin, Michael/G-9965-2014 OI Baldwin, Michael/0000-0002-7865-6590 FU Aransas National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge for their support and cooperation. Research was supported by funds from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank volunteers V. and S. Metzger for their assistance. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 125 IS 3 BP 658 EP 661 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 222GH UT WOS:000324718700026 ER PT J AU Proctor, BP McAleer, R Kunk, MJ Wintsch, RP AF Proctor, Brooks P. McAleer, Ryan Kunk, Michael J. Wintsch, Robert P. TI POST-TACONIC TILTING AND ACADIAN STRUCTURAL OVERPRINT OF THE CLASSIC BARROVIAN METAMORPHIC GRADIENT IN DUTCHESS COUNTY, NEW YORK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Barrovian sequence; polymetamorphism; Taconic orogeny; Acadian orogeny; Salinic orogeny; thermochronology; structural overprint ID SOUTHWESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CENTRAL MAINE; ROCKS; HISTORY; POLYMETAMORPHISM; CONNECTICUT AB Field mapping and Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectrum dating of white mica across the classic metamorphic gradient in Dutchess County, New York indicate that post-peak metamorphic and structural events complicate the interpretation of this sequence as an intact Taconic metamorphic field gradient. Oriented samples were collected and fabrics were measured along two similar to 7 km transects. These transects extend from west of the biotite zone (west of Clove Mountain) to the sillimanite zone (Swamp River Valley) in eastern Dutchess County. Field and petrographic analysis reveals three pervasive foliations (S1, S2 and S3). S1 is folded in the lower grade rocks of the sequence, but is increasingly overprinted at garnet and higher zones by a penetrative foliation, S2. S2 dips steeply to the SE and is axial planar to folds in S1. S2 is overgrown by porphyroblasts of biotite, biotite + chloritoid, biotite + garnet +/- staurolite +/- kyanite +/- sillimanite, at respective metamorphic grades, that appear to approximate peak temperature conditions. S1, S2, and peak temperature conditions are constrained as late Taconic based on a depositional age of similar to 460 Ma (Potter, 1972) for the Walloomsac Formation and a staurolite age of similar to 454 Ma (Lanzirotti and Hanson, 1997) from kyanite-sillimanite grade rocks. S3 is a greenschist facies foliation composed of muscovite +/- biotite +/- chlorite that truncates or overprints S2 in garnet through sillimanite grade rocks in the eastern part of the study area. S3 dips gently to the S-SE and becomes more penetrative to the east, such that in the garnet zone, S2 is overprinted by a weakly developed spaced S3 cleavage, while in many samples in the staurolite and higher metamorphic zones S2 micas are significantly overprinted by S3 micas. S3 is observed wrapping around and truncating peak temperature porphyroblasts. Three samples of lepidoblastic white mica (with varying proportions of S1, S2, and S3) from the biotite through staurolite zone all produce Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectra suggesting closure ages of similar to 385 Ma. These white mica ages are interpreted to represent the time of cooling through white mica closure (similar to 350 degrees C). The Ar-40/Ar-39 ages in conjunction with field mapping and petrographic analysis suggest that S3 developed in the Devonian Acadian orogeny. Furthermore, the Ar-40/Ar-39 data constrains the timing of tilting and uplift of the Ordovician Barrovian sequence from the Middle Silurian to Early Devonian. This study suggests mid-crustal wedging during the Salinic orogeny as a possible mechanism for tilting the rocks of this region and exposing the Taconic-aged Barrovian field gradient at the surface today. We conclude the low-grade Acadian metamorphic overprint of these rocks involved deformation that produced a new (third) cleavage that was coincident with regional cooling from peak Taconic metamorphic conditions and thus required strain but no reheating during the Acadian. C1 [Proctor, Brooks P.; Wintsch, Robert P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [McAleer, Ryan; Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Proctor, BP (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846 324 Brook St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM brooks_proctor@brown.edu OI Proctor, Brooks/0000-0002-4878-8728 FU NSF [EAR-0510857]; Indiana University; U.S. Geologic Survey FX We thank Nick Ratcliffe for sharing ideas, thin-sections, unpublished maps, and for helpful discussions in the field, Greg Walsh for providing the K-feldspar sample, Rebecca Stokes for help with SEM images, and Wright Horton, Mike Williams and David Foster for critical comments and suggestions in their journal reviews. This work was partially funded by NSF grant EAR-0510857 to Wintsch and Dorais, Indiana University Geological Sciences summer research grant, and the U.S. Geologic Survey's National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 313 IS 7 BP 649 EP 682 DI 10.2475/07.2013.02 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 215PN UT WOS:000324222900002 ER PT J AU Trosvik, KA Webster, CD Thompson, KR Metts, LA Gannam, A Twibell, R AF Trosvik, Kimberly A. Webster, Carl D. Thompson, Kenneth R. Metts, Linda A. Gannam, Ann Twibell, Ronald TI Effects on growth performance and body composition in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fry fed organic diets containing yeast extract and soyabean meal as a total replacement of fish meal without amino acid supplementation SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fish meal replacement; Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus; organic diet; yeast extract ID COBIA RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; PRACTICAL DIETS; PROTEIN-SOURCES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; INCLUSION; MOSSAMBICUS; PARAMETERS AB Fish meal (FM) is the main protein source in aquaculture diets owing to its palatability and quality. Available quantities of FM have remained constant for the past several decades; however, demand has dramatically increased due to its inclusion in diets used for the global aquaculture industry. There are various alternative protein sources that can be used in aquaculture diets, with soyabean meal (SBM) being the most widely used plant protein ingredient; however, use of SBM as the sole protein source has often resulted in reduced fish growth. There is a growing segment of consumers who desire organically grown foods, and since Nile tilapia is one of the most-cultured fish in the world and has herbivorous/omnivorous feeding habits, Nile tilapia fed an organic diet may allow producers to enter this rapidly developing market. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the combination of organic SBM and an organic yeast extract (YE) as complete replacements for FM. Five isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were fed to small (0.1g) Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for 6weeks. Diets contained various percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) of YE, with Diet 1 formulated to be similar to a high-quality commercial diet containing 0% YE and 20% FM. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, fish fed Diet 1 had statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher mean final weight (3.99g) and specific growth rate (8.48% day(-1)), and a lower feed conversion ratio (1.40) than fish fed all other diets. Based upon the data, an organic diet which replaces FM with a combination of SBM and YE appears promising but further research is needed to refine formulation so as to have similar growth performance with a FM-based diet. C1 [Trosvik, Kimberly A.; Webster, Carl D.; Thompson, Kenneth R.; Metts, Linda A.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Gannam, Ann; Twibell, Ronald] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM carl.webster@ars.usda.gov FU Kentucky Soybean Board; Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY; USDA [KYX-80-09-18A] FX The authors thank N. Ann, K.C., K.N. Dee, B.R. Lee, E.M. Maa, Cathy Rhin, B. Rett, Shi Ron, M.S. Tee, D.R. Wynne, Sam Wise, D.A. Vidd, and K.A. and F.L. Troz for technical assistance. This research project was partially funded by a grant from the Kentucky Soybean Board; a grant from Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY; and a USDA grant under Agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1080/01448765.2013.810123 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 213UU UT WOS:000324086700004 ER PT J AU Magruder, M Chhin, S Palik, B Bradford, JB AF Magruder, Matthew Chhin, Sophan Palik, Brian Bradford, John B. TI Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; ABIES L. KARST.; GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; FOREST MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; DROUGHT; USA; UNCERTAINTY AB Forest management techniques such as intermediate stand-tending practices (e. g., thinning) can promote climatic resiliency in forest stands by moderating tree competition. Residual trees gain increased access to environmental resources (i.e., soil moisture, light), which in turn has the potential to buffer trees from stressful climatic conditions. The influences of climate (temperature and precipitation) and forest management (thinning method and intensity) on the productivity of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in Michigan were examined to assess whether repeated thinning treatments were able to increase climatic resiliency (i.e., maintaining productivity and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress). The cumulative productivity of each thinning treatment was determined, and it was found that thinning from below to a residual basal area of 14 m(2).ha(-1) produced the largest average tree size but also the second lowest overall biomass per acre. On the other hand, the uncut control and the thinning from above to a residual basal area of 28 m(2).ha(-1) produced the smallest average tree size but also the greatest overall biomass per acre. Dendrochronological methods were used to quantify sensitivity of annual radial growth to monthly and seasonal climatic factors for each thinning treatment type. Climatic sensitivity was influenced by thinning method (i.e., thinning from below decreased sensitivity to climatic stress more than thinning from above) and by thinning intensity (i.e., more intense thinning led to a lower climatic sensitivity). Overall, thinning from below to a residual basal area of 21 m(2).ha(-1) represented a potentially beneficial compromise to maximize tree size, biomass per acre, and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress, and, thus, the highest level of climatic resilience. C1 [Magruder, Matthew; Chhin, Sophan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Palik, Brian] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Bradford, John B.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Chhin, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd,Room 126, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chhin@msu.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Michigan State University (MSU) AgBioResearch [MICL06002] FX This study was funded through Michigan State University (MSU) AgBioResearch (Project No. MICL06002). We thank D. Kastendick for his logistical support in sampling the Sooner Club forest research site in Wellston, Michigan, and E. David and D. Berry for their assistance in field and laboratory data collection. We also thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 47 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 43 IS 9 BP 878 EP 889 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0088 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 215VZ UT WOS:000324240200012 ER PT J AU DeMartini, E Jokiel, P Beets, J Stender, Y Storlazzi, C Minton, D Conklin, E AF DeMartini, E. Jokiel, P. Beets, J. Stender, Y. Storlazzi, C. Minton, D. Conklin, E. TI Terrigenous sediment impact on coral recruitment and growth affects the use of coral habitat by recruit parrotfishes (F. Scaridae) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Watershed reclamation; Reef sedimentation; Porites compressa; Chlorurus spilurus (sordidus); Scarus psittacus; Juvenile nursery habitat; Ridge-to-reef; Space-for-time substitution ID SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; REEF ORGANISMS; CALIBRATION; ISLANDS; FISHES AB Some major anthropogenic stressors have impacts that occur at infrequent, unpredictable intervals; their effects are difficult to evaluate in a timely manner unless space is substituted for time. In this paper we substitute space for time along an environmental gradient that aliases a predicted temporal response to habitat restoration. We herein describe a 3-year study that combined field experiments and descriptive surveys of a fringing reef at Pelekane Bay, west Hawaii, along a sedimentation gradient from an intermittent stream that episodically discharges from the Kohala Watershed. This degraded watershed is now being restored by grazer exclusion, habitat engineering, and replanting of native flora. Sediment traps, arrays of settling plates, marked branches of endemic finger coral Porites compressa, together with surveys of benthic composition, densities of recruits of economically important parrotfishes, and the relative use of corals by fish recruits, were evaluated during the summers of 2010-2012. As expected, sediment accumulation rate decreased while all coral metrics and the densities, use, and preference of corals by recruit fishes generally increased with distance from the point of sediment discharge. Proportionate abundances of recruit through large adult-sized parrotfishes, overlayed on distributions (mapped by separate study) of sediment impact, allowed us to estimate, as an example, the amount and value of parrotfish rersources that are being unrealized because of sediment impacts on recruit parrotfish. Our Pelekane Bay case study thus illustrates how "space-for-time" substitution can be efficiently applied in an evaluation of potential watershed reclamation of reef resources-at a time considerably prior to likely temporal responses of the reef and its resources to watershed restoration. C1 [DeMartini, E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Jokiel, P.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Beets, J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Stender, Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stender, Y.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96822 USA. [Storlazzi, C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95069 USA. [Minton, D.; Conklin, E.] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP DeMartini, E (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We thank D. Vidosh and D. Rafalovich of Blue Wilderness Dive Adventures, Waikoloa, Hawaii, for materials support of dive operations; and the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program for funding. Also gratefully acknowledged are the constructive criticisms of A. Andrews and R. Humphreys on a draft manuscript, and D. Yamaguchi for help with Figs. 1 and 7. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s11852-013-0247-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 214DE UT WOS:000324110200011 ER PT J AU Hackney, AD Baldwin, RF Jodice, PGR AF Hackney, Amanda D. Baldwin, Robert F. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Mapping risk for nest predation on a barrier island SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Barrier islands; Nest predation; Diamondback terrapin; Geographic risk; Model validation ID TURTLE MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; SITE SELECTION; DIAMONDBACK TERRAPINS; EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; MAMMALIAN PREDATORS; HATCHING SUCCESS; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; SEA; CONSERVATION AB Barrier islands and coastal beach systems provide nesting habitat for marine and estuarine turtles. Densely settled coastal areas may subsidize nest predators. Our purpose was to inform conservation by providing a greater understanding of habitat-based risk factors for nest predation, for an estuarine turtle. We expected that habitat conditions at predated nests would differ from random locations at two spatial extents. We developed and validated an island-wide model for the distribution of predated Diamondback terrapin nests using locations of 198 predated nests collected during exhaustive searches at Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, USA. We used aerial photographs to identify all areas of possible nesting habitat and searched each and surrounding environments for nests, collecting location and random-point microhabitat data. We built models for the probability of finding a predated nest using an equal number of random points and validated them with a reserve set (N = 67). Five variables in 9 a priori models were used and the best selected model (AIC weight 0.98) reflected positive associations with sand patches near marshes and roadways. Model validation had an average capture rate of predated nests of 84.14 % (26.17-97.38 %, Q1 77.53 %, median 88.07 %, Q3 95.08 %). Microhabitat selection results suggest that nests placed at the edges of sand patches adjacent to upland shrub/forest and marsh systems are vulnerable to predation. Forests and marshes provide cover and alternative resources for predators and roadways provide access; a suggestion is to focus nest protection efforts on the edges of dunes, near dense vegetation and roads. C1 [Hackney, Amanda D.] Audubon Texas, Coastal Program, Texas, TX 77590 USA. [Baldwin, Robert F.] Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Baldwin, RF (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Agr Forest & Environm Sci, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ahackney@audubon.org; baldwi6@clemson.edu; pjodice@clemson.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1007/s11852-013-0260-5 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 214DE UT WOS:000324110200026 ER PT J AU Zelt, CA Haines, S Powers, MH Sheehan, J Rohdewald, S Link, C Hayashi, K Zhao, D Zhou, HW Burton, BL Petersen, UK Bonal, ND Doll, WE AF Zelt, Colin A. Haines, Seth Powers, Michael H. Sheehan, Jacob Rohdewald, Siegfried Link, Curtis Hayashi, Koichi Zhao, Don Zhou, Hua-wei Burton, Bethany L. Petersen, Uni K. Bonal, Nedra D. Doll, William E. TI Blind Test of Methods for Obtaining 2-D Near-Surface Seismic Velocity Models from First-Arrival Traveltimes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION SITE; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; TOMOGRAPHY; REFRACTION; INVERSION; SEDIMENTS AB Seismic refraction methods are used in environmental and engineering studies to image the shallow subsurface. We present a blind test of inversion and tomographic refraction analysis methods using a synthetic first-arrival-time dataset that was made available to the community in 2010. The data are realistic in terms of the near-surface velocity model, shot-receiver geometry and the data's frequency and added noise. Fourteen estimated models were determined by ten participants using eight different inversion algorithms, with the true model unknown to the participants until it was revealed at a session at the 2011 SAGEEP meeting. The estimated models are generally consistent in terms of their large-scale features, demonstrating the robustness of refraction data inversion in general, and the eight inversion algorithms in particular. When compared to the true model, all of the estimated models contain a smooth expression of its two main features: a large offset in the bedrock and the top of a steeply dipping low-velocity fault zone. The estimated models do not contain a subtle low-velocity zone and other fine-scale features, in accord with conventional wisdom. Together, the results support confidence in the reliability and robustness of modern refraction inversion and tomographic methods. C1 [Zelt, Colin A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Haines, Seth] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Powers, Michael H.; Burton, Bethany L.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sheehan, Jacob] Zonge Int Inc, Lakewood, CO 80214 USA. [Rohdewald, Siegfried] Intelligent Resources Inc, Vancouver, BC V6C 1A1, Canada. [Link, Curtis] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Geophys Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Hayashi, Koichi] Geometrics, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Zhao, Don] Geogiga Technol Corp, Calgary, AB T2P 3N4, Canada. [Zhou, Hua-wei] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Petersen, Uni K.] Faroes Earth & Energy Directorate, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Bonal, Nedra D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Doll, William E.] Battelle Mem Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zelt, CA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS 126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM czelt@rice.edu; shaines@usgs.gov; mhpowers@usgs.gov; jacob.sheehan@zonge.us; info@rayfract.com; clink@mtech.edu; khayashi@geometrics.com; don@geogiga.com; hzhou@uh.edu; blburton@usgs.gov; up@jf.fo; nbonal@sandia.gov; dollw@battelle.org FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER63662]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Karl J. Ellefsen (U.S. Geological Survey) and Leiph A. Preston (Sandia National Laboratories) helped to develop models 12 and 14, respectively. The review of the manuscript by Karl J. Ellefsen is gratefully acknowledged. CZ acknowledges support from DOE grant DE-FG02-03ER63662. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. References to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.2113/JEEG18.3.183 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 219LK UT WOS:000324508300003 ER PT J AU Wilson-Kokes, L Emerson, P DeLong, C Thomas, C Skousen, J AF Wilson-Kokes, L. Emerson, P. DeLong, C. Thomas, C. Skousen, J. TI Hardwood Tree Growth after Eight Years on Brown and Gray Mine Soils in West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RECLAIMED SURFACE MINE; COAL-MINE; RESTORATION; RECLAMATION; COVER; PINE; LAND AB Surface coal mining in Appalachia disturbs hundreds of hectares of land every year with the removal of valuable and ecologically diverse eastern deciduous forests. After the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act in 1977, coal mine operators began planting a variety of grasses and legumes as a fast and economical way to reestablish a permanent vegetative cover to meet erosion and site stabilization requirements. However, soil compaction and competitive forage species have arrested the recolonization of native hardwood tree species on these reclaimed sites. Three 2.8-ha demonstration plots were established at Catenary Coal's Samples Mine in Kanawha County, West Virginia, of weathered brown sandstone and unweathered gray sandstone. Half of each plot was compacted. Each plot was hydroseeded with a low-competition herbaceous cover and planted with 11 hardwood tree species. After eight growing seasons, average tree volume index was nearly 10 times greater for trees grown in the brown sandstone treatments, 3853 cm(3), compared with 407 cm(3) in gray sandstone. Trees growing on compacted treatments had a lower mean volume index, 2281 cm(3), than trees growing on uncompacted treatments, 3899 cm(3). Average pH of brown sandstone was 5.2 to 5.7, while gray sandstone was 7.9. The gray sandstone had much lower fine soil fraction (<2-mm) content (40%) than brown sandstone (70%), which influenced nutrient-and water-holding capacity. Brown sandstone showed significantly greater tree growth and survival and at this stage is a more suitable topsoil substitute than gray sandstone on this site. C1 [Wilson-Kokes, L.; Skousen, J.] W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Emerson, P.] Div Environm Protect, Philippi, WV 26416 USA. [DeLong, C.] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Bowling Green, OH 43402 USA. [Thomas, C.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Skousen, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jskousen@wvu.edu FU U.S. Office of Surface Mining; Patriot Coal, Inc.; West Virginia University FX We thank Paul Ziemkiewicz of West Virginia University for assistance in funding forestry research at WVU. We also thank Scott Eggerud of the U.S. Office of Surface Mining as well as John McHale, Mitch Kalos, Jonathan Sanchez, and Jeff Andrews of Magnum Coal (now Patriot Coal, Inc.) for financial and construction support during this study. We also greatly appreciate the help of Ellie Bell, Lindsey Bishop, Carol Brown, Travis Keene, Nathanael Kokes, and Jessica Odenheimer in field data collection. This article is scientific contribution no. 3176 from the West Virginia Agric. Exp. Stn., Morgantown. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1353 EP 1362 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0113 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213XZ UT WOS:000324095200006 PM 24216413 ER PT J AU Wilson-Kokes, L DeLong, C Thomas, C Emerson, P O'Dell, K Skousen, J AF Wilson-Kokes, Lindsay DeLong, Curtis Thomas, Calene Emerson, Paul O'Dell, Keith Skousen, Jeff TI Hardwood Tree Growth on Amended Mine Soils in West Virginia SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RECLAIMED SURFACE MINE; COAL-MINE; PINE; LAND AB Each year surface mining in Appalachia disrupts large areas of forested land. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act requires coal mine operators to establish a permanent vegetative cover after mining, and current practice emphasizes soil compaction and planting of competitive forage grasses to stabilize the site and control erosion. These practices hinder recolonization of native hardwood trees on these reclaimed sites. Recently reclamation scientists and regulators have encouraged re-establishment of hardwood forests on surface mined land through careful selection and placement of rooting media and proper selection and planting of herbaceous and tree species. To evaluate the effect of rooting media and soil amendments, a 2.8-ha experimental plot was established, with half of the plot being constructed of weathered brown sandstone and half constructed of unweathered gray sandstone. Bark mulch was applied to an area covering both sandstone types, and the ends of the plot were hydroseeded with a tree-compatible herbaceous seed mix, resulting in eight soil treatments. Twelve hardwood tree species were planted, and soil chemical properties and tree growth were measured annually from 2007 to 2012. After six growing seasons, average tree volume index was higher for trees grown on brown sandstone (5333 cm(3)) compared with gray sandstone (3031 cm(3)). Trees planted in mulch outperformed trees on nonmulched treatments (volume index of 6187 cm(3) vs. 4194 cm(3)). Hydroseeding with a tree-compatible mix produced greater ground cover (35 vs. 15%) and resulted in greater tree volume index than nonhydroseed areas (5809 vs. 3403 cm(3)). Soil chemical properties were improved by mulch and improved tree growth, especially on gray sandstone. The average pH of brown sandstone was 5.0 to 5.4, and gray sandstone averaged pH 6.9 to 7.7. The mulch treatment on gray sandstone resulted in tree growth similar to brown sandstone alone and with mulch. After 6 yr, tree growth on brown sandstone was about double the tree growth on gray sandstone, and mulch was a successful amendment to improve tree growth. C1 [Wilson-Kokes, Lindsay; Skousen, Jeff] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [DeLong, Curtis] Ohio Dep Environm Protect, Bowling Green, OH 43402 USA. [Thomas, Calene] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Emerson, Paul] West Virginia Dep Environm Protect, Philippi, WV 26416 USA. RP Skousen, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jskousen@wvu.edu FU Arch Coal; Hatch Act FX The authors thank Ellie Bell, Lindsey Bishop, Jessica Odenheimer, and Saraswati Poudel-Acharya, who graciously volunteered to help with field work. Thanks are also extended to Bill Young and Mike Duvall of Arch Coal. Funding provided by Arch Coal and by the Hatch Act. Scientific contribution #3179 from the West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown, WV. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1371 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.03.0103 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213XZ UT WOS:000324095200007 PM 24216414 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Saad, DA AF Robertson, Dale M. Saad, David A. TI SPARROW Models Used to Understand Nutrient Sources in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY REFERENCED REGRESSION; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NITROGEN DELIVERY; PHOSPHORUS; LOADS; STREAMS; YIELDS AB Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. To describe where and from what sources those loads originate, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were constructed for the MARB using geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and calibration sites throughout the MARB. Previous studies found that highest N and P yields were from the north-central part of the MARB (Corn Belt). Based on the MARB SPARROW models, highest N yields were still from the Corn Belt but centered over Iowa and Indiana, and highest P yields were widely distributed throughout the center of the MARB. Similar to that found in other studies, agricultural inputs were found to be the largest N and P sources throughout most of the MARB: farm fertilizers were the largest N source, whereas farm fertilizers, manure, and urban inputs were dominant P sources. The MARB models enable individual N and P sources to be defined at scales ranging from SPARROW catchments (similar to 50 km(2)) to the entire area of the MARB. Inputs of P from WWTPs and urban areas were more important than found in most other studies. Information from this study will help to reduce nutrient loading from the MARB by providing managers with a description of where each of the sources of N and P are most important, thus providing a basis for prioritizing management actions and ultimately reducing the extent of Gulf hypoxia. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.; Saad, David A.] Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1422 EP 1440 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.02.0066 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213XZ UT WOS:000324095200013 PM 24216420 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Watson, JE Nelson, SD Walker, CW AF Williams, C. F. Watson, J. E. Nelson, S. D. Walker, C. W. TI Sorption/Desorption of Lincomycin from Three Arid-Region Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; LIQUID SWINE MANURE; VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT; FATE; COMPLEXATION; CLINDAMYCIN; RESIDUES; REMOVAL AB The antibiotic lincomycin is commonly found in treated municipal waste water and in waste from swine and poultry production. Environmental disposal of these wastes has the potential to introduce a significant mass of lincomycin into the ecosystem. In the present study, a series of sorption and desorption experiments were conducted to determine the potential mobility of lincomycin in soils from arid environments. Sorption and desorption isotherms were obtained for lincomycin using three different soils. Isotherms were fit to the Freundlich equation. Adsorption of lincomycin was found to have a K-f of 11.98 for a biosolid-treated soil (1.58% OC) and a K-f of 210.15 for a similar unamended soil (1.42% OC). It was also found that for a low-organic-content soil the K-f was 5.09. The differences in adsorption can be related to the soil pH and the pKa of lincomycin (7.5-7.8). When the soil solution pH is below the pKa, the cationic species of lincomycin dominates, resulting in increased water solubility. Interaction with the cation exchange complex is minimal due to a high solution cation concentration (Ca2+ and Na+). Desorption isotherms also indicate that when the solution pH is lower than the pKa, retention of lincomycin is reduced. Our results indicate that the mobility of lincomycin in these arid region soils is dependent on soil pH. C1 [Williams, C. F.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Watson, J. E.] Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nelson, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Agron & Resource Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Walker, C. W.] US Geol Survey, MD DE DC Water Sci Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1465 DI 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0138 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213XZ UT WOS:000324095200016 PM 24216423 ER PT J AU Kessler, AC Merchant, JW Shultz, SD Allen, CR AF Kessler, Andrew C. Merchant, James W. Shultz, Steven D. Allen, Craig R. TI Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sandhill Crane Habitat Management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE central Platte river; cost-effectiveness analysis; geographic information system analysis; Grus canadensis; habitat management; invasive vegetation; sandhill cranes ID SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; INVASIVE PLANTS; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER; CONSERVATION; STATISTICS; LIFE AB Invasive species often threaten native wildlife populations and strain the budgets of agencies charged with wildlife management. We demonstrate the potential of cost-effectiveness analysis to improve the efficiency and value of efforts to enhance sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) roosting habitat. We focus on the central Platte River in Nebraska (USA), a region of international ecological importance for migrating avian species including sandhill cranes. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a valuation process designed to compare alternative actions based on the cost of achieving a pre-determined objective. We estimated costs for removal of invasive vegetation using geographic information system simulations and calculated benefits as the increase in area of sandhill crane roosting habitat. We generated cost effectiveness values for removing invasive vegetation on 7 land parcels and for the entire central Platte River to compare the cost-effectiveness of management at specific sites and for the central Platte River landscape. Median cost effectiveness values for the 7 land parcels evaluated suggest that costs for creating 1 additional hectare of sandhill crane roosting habitat totaled US $1,595. By contrast, we found that creating an additional hectare of sandhill crane roosting habitat could cost as much as US $12,010 for some areas in the central Platte River, indicating substantial cost savings can be achieved by using a cost effectiveness analysis to target specific land parcels for management. Cost-effectiveness analysis, used in conjunction with geographic information systems, can provide decision-makers with a new tool for identifying the most economically efficient allocation of resources to achieve habitat management goals. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Kessler, Andrew C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Merchant, James W.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Shultz, Steven D.] Univ Nebraska, Coll Business Adm, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kessler, AC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kessl127@umn.edu FU USFWS (Grand Island, NE); Nebraska Environmental Trust; University of Nebraska-Lincoln Water Center; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; USFWS; Wildlife Management Institute FX Principal support for this research was provided by the Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the U.S. Geological Survey Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Additional financial and in-kind assistance was provided by the USFWS staff (Grand Island, NE), the Nebraska Environmental Trust, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Water Center. The authors thank A. Giri for the constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the USFWS and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or the United States government. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1002/jwmg.587 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200003 ER PT J AU Gue, CT Walker, JA Mehl, KR Gleason, JS Stephens, SE Loesch, CR Reynolds, RE Goodwin, BJ AF Gue, C. Tanner Walker, Johann A. Mehl, Katherine R. Gleason, Jeffrey S. Stephens, Scott E. Loesch, Charles R. Reynolds, Ronald E. Goodwin, Brett J. TI The effects of a large-scale wind farm on breeding season survival of female mallards and blue-winged teal in the Prairie Pothole Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adult survival; Anas discors; Anas platyrhynchos; blue-winged teal; breeding population; mallard; Prairie Pothole Region; radio-telemetry; wind energy; wind turbines ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; LANDSCAPE FEATURES; NORTHERN PINTAILS; NESTING SUCCESS; BIRD MORTALITY; DUCK NESTS; HABITAT; SELECTION; CANADA; POPULATIONS AB The wetlands and grasslands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) make it the most productive breeding habitat for North American ducks. The growth rate of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations is sensitive to changes in survival of adult females during the breeding season. Much of the PPR is suitable for large-scale wind-energy development and collisions of breeding females with wind turbines may be a novel source of mortality in this area. We assessed the effects of wind energy on breeding female mallard and bluewinged teal (A. discors) survival by monitoring 77 radio-marked mallards and 88 blue-winged teal during the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons at the Tatanka Wind Farm (TWF) near Kulm, North Dakota. During the same period, we monitored 70 female mallards and 75 blue-winged teal at an adjacent reference site without wind turbines (REF). We used an information-theoretic approach to investigate relationships between female survival and site (TWF vs. REF), year (2009 vs. 2010), and date. Collision mortalities were rare. Only 1 radio-marked female mallard and no blue-winged teal collided with wind turbines. Most mortalities were caused by predators (78.3%; 36/46), irrespective of species and site. For mallards, the best-approximating model indicated that breeding season survival was 1) lowest when a high proportion of radio-marked females were incubating, and 2) dependent on year and site such that expected survival ((S) over cap) in 2009 was higher at TWF ((S) over cap 0.90, 85% CI 0.79-0.98) than at REF ((S) over cap 0.83, 85% CI 0.68-0.95), but expected survival in 2010 was lower at TWF ((S) over cap 0.62, 85% CI 0.46-0.79) than at REF ((S) over cap 0.84, 85% CI 0.72-0.94). For blue-winged teal, the constant model was the best-approximating model and indicated that expected female survival was 0.75 (85% CI 0.69-0.82). The most competitive model for blue-winged teal that included the effect of wind turbines indicated that expected survival at TWF ((S) over cap 0.71, 85% CI 0.62-0.79) was lower than survival at REF ((S) over cap 0.81, 85% CI 0.73-0.89). The limited number of collisions observed for female mallards and blue-winged teal nesting at TWF suggests that wind turbines had no direct effect on female survival. Thus, conservation strategies that include protection of wetland and grassland habitat in wind-developed landscapes will most likely not cause a direct reduction in survival of breeding females due to collisions with wind turbines. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gue, C. Tanner; Mehl, Katherine R.; Goodwin, Brett J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Gue, C. Tanner; Walker, Johann A.; Stephens, Scott E.] Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. [Gleason, Jeffrey S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm Wetland Management Dist, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. [Loesch, Charles R.; Reynolds, Ronald E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Gue, CT (reprint author), Ducks Unltd, Great Plains Reg Off, 2525 River Rd, Bismarck, ND 58503 USA. EM tgue@ducks.org OI Goodwin, Brett/0000-0002-6917-459X FU NextEra Energy; USFWS Region 6; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; North Dakota Game and Fish, Department of Biology at the University of North Dakota; Esther Wheeler Research Award; Jeremy Kuiper Memorial Award FX We thank the many landowners at the study area for permission to access their land, and M. Bisson, A. Dinges, D. DeVito, J. Hallagan, C. King, W. Mackziewski, J. Meier, D. Oates, A. Primus, T. Ronningen, J. Tarwater, and A. Wolf for their assistance with field data collection. We received logistical support from the USFWS, Kulm Wetland Management District (especially M. Erickson, R. Holmgren, and D. Peterson) and Audubon Wetland Management District, Chase Lake Prairie Project, and the United States Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We thank K. Kemink, T. Arnold, Associate Editor J. Schmutz, and an anonymous referee for providing critical reviews that increased the usefulness of this manuscript. This project was supported by NextEra Energy, the USFWS Region 6, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., North Dakota Game and Fish, Department of Biology at the University of North Dakota, the Esther Wheeler Research Award, and the Jeremy Kuiper Memorial Award. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any mention of trade names is purely coincidental and does not represent endorsement by the funding agency or the government. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1360 EP 1371 DI 10.1002/jwmg.583 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200009 ER PT J AU Donohue, RN Hewitt, DG Fulbright, TE Deyoung, CA Litt, AR Draeger, DA AF Donohue, Robin N. Hewitt, David G. Fulbright, Timothy E. Deyoung, Charles A. Litt, Andrea R. Draeger, Don A. TI Aggressive behavior of white-tailed deer at concentrated food sites as affected by population density SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aggressive behavior; dominance; Odocoileus virginianus; population density; South Texas; white-tailed deer ID SOCIAL RANK; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; TICKS ACARI; RED DEER; IXODIDAE; ACCESS; RATES; TEXAS AB Concentrated food sources are used frequently in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management and research, but because such food sources are easily defended, aggressive interactions among deer may influence their effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to determine if deer population density or season affect 1) the order or degree of social dominance among different age and sex groups of white-tailed deer, 2) the rate at which aggressive interactions occur, 3) the severity of interactions, and 4) the extent to which subordinate groups avoid dominant groups. We conducted our study in South Texas using 2 sets of 3, 81-ha enclosures managed at varying deer population densities. We captured aggressive interactions using digital trail-cameras placed at sites with spatially concentrated food. We found that bucks 2 years of age were dominant over all other age and sex groups in 87% of their interactions regardless of deer density or season. The odds of a buck dominating over a doe increased by 10% (95% CI=0-21%) for each additional deer/km(2) during summer, but density had little effect in any other season. Yearling bucks were dominant in 81% (95% CI=51-100%) of their interactions with does during spring, whereas during other seasons we found no clear order to the dominance hierarchy. Social dominance between yearling bucks and does was not affected by population density. The rate of aggressive interactions increased by 2% (95% CI=1-3%) for each additional deer/km(2) and did not differ by season. Ten percent (95% CI=6-14%) of interactions involved more violent behaviors that we characterized as severe; this percentage did not change with population density or season. At all population densities, during all seasons, does avoided bucks at sites with concentrated food; however, the degree of avoidance declined with increasing deer density in all seasons except spring. Our results indicate that as population density increases, so do social pressures that may limit access of subordinate age and sex groups to concentrated food sites. Therefore, concentrated food sites are not equally accessible to all age and sex groups of deer and the effectiveness of such sites in deer management and research may become increasingly limited as population density increases. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Donohue, Robin N.; Hewitt, David G.; Fulbright, Timothy E.; Deyoung, Charles A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Litt, Andrea R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Draeger, Don A.] Comanche Ranch, Carrizo Springs, TX 78834 USA. RP Donohue, RN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,340 Smith R, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. EM robin_donohue@fws.gov FU Stedman West Foundation; Faith Ranch; Comanche Ranch FX We thank the Stedman West Foundation, the Faith Ranch, T. Dan Friedkin and the Comanche Ranch for their generous financial support. For providing sites on which to conduct this research, we thank ranch owners S. Stedman and T. D. Friedkin. T. A. Campbell provided comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This is publication number 11-118 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1401 EP 1408 DI 10.1002/jwmg.606 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200013 ER PT J AU Millsap, BA Zimmerman, GS Sauer, JR Nielson, RM Otto, M Bjerre, E Murphy, R AF Millsap, Brian A. Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Sauer, John R. Nielson, Ryan M. Otto, Mark Bjerre, Emily Murphy, Robert TI Golden eagle population trends in the western United States: 1968-2010 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; Breeding Bird Survey; golden eagle; hierarchical model; populations; trend; United States AB In 2009, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service promulgated permit regulations for the unintentional lethal take (anthropogenic mortality) and disturbance of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Accurate population trend and size information for golden eagles are needed so agency biologists can make informed decisions when eagle take permits are requested. To address this need with available data, we used a log-linear hierarchical model to average data from a late-summer aerial-line-transect distance-sampling survey (WGES) of golden eagles in the United States portions of Bird Conservation Region (BCR) 9 (Great Basin), BCR 10 (Northern Rockies), BCR 16 (Southern Rockies/Colorado Plateau), and BCR 17 (Badlands and Prairies) from 2006 to 2010 with late-spring, early summer Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data for the same BCRs and years to estimate summer golden eagle population size and trends in these BCRs. We used the ratio of the density estimates from the WGES to the BBS index to calculate a BCR-specific adjustment factor that scaled the BBS index (i.e., birds per route) to a density estimate. Our results indicated golden eagle populations were generally stable from 2006 to 2010 in the 4 BCRs, with an estimated average rate of population change of -0.41% (95% credible interval [CI]: -4.17% to 3.40%) per year. For the 4 BCRs and years, we estimated annual golden eagle population size to range from 28,220 (95% CI: 23,250-35,110) in 2007 to 26,490 (95% CI: 21,760-32,680) in 2008. We found a general correspondence in trends between WGES and BBS data for these 4 BCRs, which suggested BBS data were providing useful trend information. We used the overall adjustment factor calculated from the 4 BCRs and years to scale BBS golden eagle counts from 1968 to 2005 for the 4 BCRs and for 1968 to 2010 for the 8 other BCRs (without WGES data) to estimate golden eagle population size and trends across the western United States for the period 1968 to 2010. In general, we noted slightly declining trends in southern BCRs and slightly increasing trends in northern BCRs. However, we estimated the average rate of golden eagle population change across all 12 BCRs for the period 1968-2010 as +0.40% per year (95% CI=-0.27% to 1.00%), suggesting a stable population. We also estimated the average rate of population change for the period 1990-2010 was +0.5% per year (95% CI=-0.33% to 1.3%). Our annual estimates of population size for the most recent decade range from 31,370 (95% CI: 25,450-39,310) in 2004 to 33,460 (95% CI: 27,380-41,710) in 2007. Our results clarify that golden eagles are not declining widely in the western United States. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Otto, Mark; Bjerre, Emily] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Murphy, Robert] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Millsap, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 2105 Osuna NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM brian_a_millsap@fws.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1436 EP 1448 DI 10.1002/jwmg.588 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200017 ER PT J AU Sanders, TA Trost, RE AF Sanders, Todd A. Trost, Robert E. TI Use of capture-recapture models with mark-resight data to estimate abundance of Aleutian cackling geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Aleutian cackling goose; Branta hutchinsii leucopareia; capture-recapture; capture-resight; Jolly-Seber; Lincoln-Petersen; mark-recapture; mark-resight; Pollock's robust design; POPAN ID ROBUST DESIGN; CANADA GEESE; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; OPEN POPULATIONS; SIGHTING DATA; NUMBER; SIZE AB The Aleutian cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) was listed as endangered in 1967, downgraded to threatened in 1990, and removed from protection under the endangered species act in 2001. Accurate determination of population status continues to be a priority for management agencies because of the population's past listing as endangered, the species status as a game bird, and because population expansion has resulted in increased crop damage complaints. We compared estimates of marked Aleutian goose abundance from available mark-resight data during 1996-2012 using capture-recapture Jolly-Seber (POPAN formulation) and robust design (closed capture) models. We derived an estimate of Aleutian goose abundance by expanding an estimate of marked-bird abundance by the ratio of total to marked geese. Robust design models provided strong evidence of even-flow and Markovian temporary emigration from observable to unobservable states between annual sampling periods, and POPAN estimates were biased as a result of this movement. The observable population increased in abundance from 790 in 1975 to 134,703 (SE=10,866, 95% CI=113,405-156,002) geese in 2012. However, total (observable and unobservable) population size was 216,564 geese based on an estimated probability (0.622) of being available for observation. Annual survival probability was 0.80 (SE=0.05). Current data collection allows estimation of annual observable abundance with a coefficient of variation of 8%. Robust design offers a means of estimating abundance of partially marked wildlife populations in the presence or absence of temporary emigration, which can result from partial study area access and is likely a common situation for many populations. Mark-resight is a cost-effective approach (compared to capture-recapture studies and aerial surveys) that can be applied to successfully estimate demographic parameters of other populations. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Sanders, Todd A.; Trost, Robert E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Sanders, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM todd_sanders@fws.gov FU U.S. Department of Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management. Many state, federal, and university biologists have assisted with data collection over the years for which we are grateful. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the contributions of D. Yparraguirre, D. Woolington, E. Nelson, R. Lowe, B. Bortner, R. Oates, and V. Byrd. We thank M. Lindberg for his earlier work on this topic, and P. Doherty, B. Kendall, B. McClintock, and J. Dooley for consultation along the way, and R. Sanders for editorial advice. We received helpful suggestions from D. Otis and anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1459 EP 1471 DI 10.1002/jwmg.598 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200019 ER PT J AU Rich, LN Russell, RE Glenn, EM Mitchell, MS Gude, JA Podruzny, KM Sime, CA Laudon, K Ausband, DE Nichols, JD AF Rich, L. N. Russell, R. E. Glenn, E. M. Mitchell, M. S. Gude, J. A. Podruzny, K. M. Sime, C. A. Laudon, K. Ausband, D. E. Nichols, J. D. TI Estimating occupancy and predicting numbers of gray wolf packs in Montana using hunter surveys (vol 77, pg 1280, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Mitchell, M. S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Sime, C. A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1486 EP 1486 DI 10.1002/jwmg.621 PG 1 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208DP UT WOS:000323657200024 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC Buell, GR Hay, LE Hughes, WB Jacobson, RB Jones, JW Jones, SA Lafontaine, JH Odom, KR Peterson, JT Riley, JW Schindler, JS Shea, C Weaver, JD AF Freeman, M. C. Buell, G. R. Hay, L. E. Hughes, W. B. Jacobson, R. B. Jones, J. W. Jones, S. A. Lafontaine, J. H. Odom, K. R. Peterson, J. T. Riley, J. W. Schindler, J. S. Shea, C. Weaver, J. D. TI LINKING RIVER MANAGEMENT TO SPECIES CONSERVATION USING DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE-SCALE MODELS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic biodiversity; freshwater fishes; hydrologic models; fluvial geomorphology; metapopulation dynamics ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; LAND-USE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Efforts to conserve stream and river biota could benefit from tools that allow managers to evaluate landscape-scale changes in species distributions in response to water management decisions. We present a framework and methods for integrating hydrology, geographic context and metapopulation processes to simulate effects of changes in streamflow on fish occupancy dynamics across a landscape of interconnected stream segments. We illustrate this approach using a 482km(2) catchment in the southeastern US supporting 50 or more stream fish species. A spatially distributed, deterministic and physically based hydrologic model is used to simulate daily streamflow for sub-basins composing the catchment. We use geographic data to characterize stream segments with respect to channel size, confinement, position and connectedness within the stream network. Simulated streamflow dynamics are then applied to model fish metapopulation dynamics in stream segments, using hypothesized effects of streamflow magnitude and variability on population processes, conditioned by channel characteristics. The resulting time series simulate spatially explicit, annual changes in species occurrences or assemblage metrics (e.g. species richness) across the catchment as outcomes of management scenarios. Sensitivity analyses using alternative, plausible links between streamflow components and metapopulation processes, or allowing for alternative modes of fish dispersal, demonstrate large effects of ecological uncertainty on model outcomes and highlight needed research and monitoring. Nonetheless, with uncertainties explicitly acknowledged, dynamic, landscape-scale simulations may prove useful for quantitatively comparing river management alternatives with respect to species conservation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Freeman, M. C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Buell, G. R.; Hughes, W. B.; Lafontaine, J. H.; Riley, J. W.] USGS Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hay, L. E.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO USA. [Jacobson, R. B.] USGS Columbia Ecol Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Jones, J. W.] USGS Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA USA. [Jones, S. A.; Weaver, J. D.] USGS Southeast Area, Norcross, GA USA. [Odom, K. R.] USGS Alabama Water Sci Ctr, Montgomery, AL USA. [Peterson, J. T.; Shea, C.] USGS GA Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. [Peterson, J. T.; Riley, J. W.; Shea, C.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schindler, J. S.] USGS Eastern Reg, Reston, VA USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 110 Riverbend Rd,Room 101, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcfreeman@usgs.gov OI Schindler, J. Stephen/0000-0001-9550-5957 FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management Institute FX We are grateful to the following colleagues who have contributed their ideas to this effort at varying stages of its development. Tom Annear, Steve Earsom, Pierre Glynn, Jonathan Kennen, Gary Krizanich, Helaine Markewich and Brian Richter participated in problem scoping and model conceptualization; Tom Annear, Ken Bovee, Jonathan Kennen, George Leavesley, Jonathan Nelson, LeRoy Poff, Michael Runge and Terry Waddell have provided review comments on project science. Suggestions by Ken Bovee and Catherine Pringle and several anonymous referees substantially improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also appreciate constructive input from numerous colleagues in resource management agencies including the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 96 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 29 IS 7 BP 906 EP 918 DI 10.1002/rra.2575 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 214CT UT WOS:000324109000008 ER PT J AU Conaway, CH Draut, AE Echols, KR Storlazzi, CD Ritchie, A AF Conaway, C. H. Draut, A. E. Echols, K. R. Storlazzi, C. D. Ritchie, A. TI EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL, MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE suspended sediment; hysteresis; San Lorenzo River; small; mountainous rivers; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); sediment load; climate change; Monterey Bay ID SAN-FRANCISCO-ESTUARY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; UNITED-STATES; STREAM; WATER AB Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2-year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high-flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event-scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Conaway, C. H.; Draut, A. E.; Storlazzi, C. D.; Ritchie, A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Conaway, C. H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Echols, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Ritchie, A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 427, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cconaway@usgs.gov OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship FX Funding was provided by a USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to C. H. Conaway. The authors thank K. O'Toole for designing the sampling station, L. Freeman, J. Warrick, J. Lacy, P. Swarzenski, C. Orazio and D. Hardin for project design and discussion, and J. Currie, J. Lacy, A. Stricker, J. Warrick, P. Dal Ferro, P. Harkins and C. Johnson for field assistance. Some sampling equipment was provided by L. McKee, J. Hunt and B. Greenfield of the San Francisco Estuary Institute. Some laboratory work was performed in A. R. Flegal's trace metal analysis laboratory at University of California Santa Cruz. A. Mlodnosky (USGS) supervised and performed sediment concentration and grain-size analysis. K. Feltz and S. Earhart (USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center) performed the PAH extraction and analysis. P. Swarzenski, J. Warrick and two anonymous reviewers contributed excellent suggestions and reviews of our work. The authors also thank the City of Santa Cruz for site access. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 29 IS 7 BP 919 EP 932 DI 10.1002/rra.2582 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 214CT UT WOS:000324109000009 ER PT J AU Writer, JH Ferrer, I Barber, LB Thurman, EM AF Writer, Jeffrey H. Ferrer, Imma Barber, Larry B. Thurman, E. Michael TI Widespread occurrence of neuro-active pharmaceuticals and metabolites in 24 Minnesota rivers and wastewaters SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Anti-depressant pharmaceuticals and metabolites; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Wastewater treatment; Water resources; Environmental persistence ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; TREATMENT PLANTS; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; FATHEAD MINNOWS; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE WATERS; CARBAMAZEPINE AB Concentrations of 17 neuro-active pharmaceuticals and their major metabolites (bupropion, hydroxy-bupropion, erythro-hydrobupropion, threo-hydrobupropion, carbamazepine, 10,11,-dihydro-10,11,-dihydroxycarbamazepine, 10-hydroxy-carbamazepine, citalopram, N-desmethyl-citalopram, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, 2-N-glucuronide-lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, venlafaxine and O-desmethyl-venlafaxine), were measured in treated wastewater and receiving surface waters from 24 locations across Minnesota, USA. The analysis of upstream and downstream sampling sites indicated that the wastewater treatment plants were the major source of the neuro-active pharmaceuticals and associated metabolites in surface waters of Minnesota. Concentrations of parent compound and the associated metabolite varied substantially between treatment plants (concentrations +/- standard deviation of the parent compound relative to its major metabolite) as illustrated by the following examples; bupropion and hydrobupropion 700 +/- 1000 ng L-1, 2100 +/- 1700 ng L-1, carbamazepine and 10-hydroxy-carbamazepine 480 +/- 380 ng L-1, 360 +/- 400 ng L-1, venlafaxine and O-desmethyl-venlafaxine 1400 +/- 1300 ng L-1, 1800 +/- 2300 ng L-1. Metabolites of the neuro-active compounds were commonly found at higher or comparable concentrations to the parent compounds in wastewater effluent and the receiving surface water. Neuro-active pharmaceuticals and associated metabolites were detected only sporadically in samples upstream from the effluent outfall. Metabolite to parent ratios were used to evaluate transformation, and we determined that ratios in wastewater were much lower than those reported in urine, indicating that the metabolites are relatively more labile than the parent compounds in the treatment plants and in receiving waters. The widespread occurrence of neuro-active pharmaceuticals and metabolites in Minnesota effluents and surface waters indicate that this is likely a global environmental issue, and further understanding of the environmental fate and impacts of these compounds is warranted. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, E. Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Writer, JH (reprint author), 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jwriter@usgs.gov RI Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008; OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166 FU U. S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Toxics programs; National Science Foundation [CBET-0854527] FX The following individuals were invaluable to the completion of this investigation: Kathy Lee (U.S. Geological Survey), who managed the massive sampling effort, Chris Sanocki (U.S. Geological Survey) and Mark Ferrey (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency). This work was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey National Research Program and Toxics programs, and National Science Foundation grant CBET-0854527. We acknowledge the Center of Environmental Mass Spectrometry at the University of Colorado for LC-TOF-MS analyses. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 134 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 461 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.099 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210RF UT WOS:000323851500054 PM 23751335 ER PT J AU Kang, SR King, SL AF Kang, Sung-Ryong King, Sammy L. TI Effects of Hydrologic Connectivity on Pond Environmental Characteristics in a Coastal Marsh System SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; LOUISIANA; SALINITY; ESTUARY; USA; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; BAY; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB The patterns of hydrologic connectivity in coastal marsh systems may affect the variation of environmental variables. In this study, we examine the effects of hydrologic connectivity patterns on environmental variables among freshwater; brackish, and saline marsh ponds and between pond types (permanently connected pond [PCP], temporarily connected pond [TCP]) in coastal Louisiana. TCPs did not completely dry although they were only temporarily connected by surface water to permanent bodies of water. The patterns of daily water depth within a pond type across marshes and between pond types within a marsh did not clearly indicate differences. We found few environmental differences between our hydrological groups PCP and TCP. The salinity increased from inland (i.e., freshwater marsh) towards the ocean (i.e., saline marsh), but percent cover of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) decreased in the same direction. C1 [Kang, Sung-Ryong] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [King, Sammy L.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kang, SR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM skang1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; International Crane Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant FX This project was supported by a Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant with support also from the International Crane Foundation. We thank J. Nyman, R. Keim, M. La Peyre, and A. Rutherford for their critical insights. We acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of J. Linscombe, R. Cormier, and M. Huber. In addition, we arc grateful to M. Kaller for statistical assistance. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 BP 568 EP 578 DI 10.1656/058.012.0311 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217RW UT WOS:000324378800010 ER PT J AU Berdeen, JB Krementz, DG AF Berdeen, James B. Krementz, David G. TI Unusual Courtship Behaviors by Male American Woodcock SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MIGRATION AB Male Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) occasionally perform courtship behaviors outside of the primary breeding period. The costs and benefits of such behaviors are not known. We observed a Woodcock perform an aerial courtship display in Minnesota on 8 November 2010, a juvenile male emit peent vocalizations in Virginia on 12 December 1991, and a solitary individual emit a cackle vocalization in Georgia on 28 December 1994. These behaviors may have been aberrations that are selected against and therefore uncommon, influenced by environmental conditions, or performed to improve the quality of male courtship behaviors. Research and monitoring are needed to ascertain which if any of these explanations is correct. C1 [Berdeen, James B.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Berdeen, JB (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. EM james.berdeen@gmail.com FU Ruffed Grouse Society; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Georgia Ornithological Society; University of Georgia FX Funding for the portion of the project conducted in Georgia was provided by The Ruffed Grouse Society, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Georgia Ornithological Society, and the University of Georgia. Warnell School of Forest Resources granted access to their property. G. Sepik (US Fish and Wildlife Service, deceased) assisted with field research in Virginia and provided information about the second observation. D. Keppie and T. Roberts provided information about fall and winter courtship behaviors of American Woodcock. D. Keppie, D. McAuley, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 BP N1 EP N5 DI 10.1656/058.012.0319 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217RW UT WOS:000324378800001 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Peterman, ZE Moscati, RJ Thivierge, RH AF Neymark, L. A. Peterman, Z. E. Moscati, R. J. Thivierge, R. H. TI U-Pb, Rb-Sr, and U-series isotope geochemistry of rocks and fracture minerals from the Chalk River Laboratories site, Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE-WASTE DISPOSAL; CENTRAL GNEISS BELT; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; GRANITE MOUNTAINS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNSATURATED ZONE; OROGENIC CRUST; NORTH-AMERICA; HALF-LIVES; URANIUM AB As part of the Geologic Waste Management Facility feasibility study, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (AECL) is evaluating the suitability of the Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) site in Ontario, situated in crystalline rock of the southwestern Grenville Province, for the possible development of an underground repository for low-and intermediate-level nuclear waste. This paper presents petrographic and trace element analyses, U-Pb zircon dating results, and Rb-Sr, U-Pb and U-series isotopic analyses of gneissic drill core samples from the deep CRG-series characterization boreholes at the CRL site. The main rock types intersected in the boreholes include hornblende-biotite (+/- pyroxene) gneisses of granitic to granodioritic composition, leucocratic granitic gneisses with sparse mafic minerals, and garnet-bearing gneisses with variable amounts of biotite and/or hornblende. The trace element data for whole-rock samples plot in the fields of within-plate, syn-collision, and volcanic arc-type granites in discrimination diagrams used for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Zircons separated from biotite gneiss and metagranite samples yielded SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of 1472 +/- 14 (2 sigma) and 1045 +/- 6 Ma, respectively, in very good agreement with widespread Early Mesoproterozoic plutonic ages and Ottawan orogeny ages in the Central Gneiss Belt. The Rb-Sr, U-Pb, and Pb-Pb whole-rock errorchron apparent ages of most of the CRL gneiss samples are consistent with zircon U-Pb age and do not indicate substantial large-scale preferential element mobility during superimposed metamorphic and water/rock interaction processes. This may confirm the integrity of the rock mass, which is a positive attribute for a potential nuclear waste repository. Most U-234/U-238 activity ratios (AR) in whole rock samples are within errors of the secular equilibrium value of one, indicating that the rocks have not experienced any appreciable U loss or gain within the past 1 Ma. However, U-234/U-238 AR in fracture mineral samples collected down to borehole lengths of about 740 m deviate from the secular equilibrium value and U-234/U-238 model ages calculated for fracture mineral samples showing excess U-234 range from 593 to 1415 ka, thus providing evidence of fracture flow in the associated bedrock during the past 1.5 Ma. Rare earth element patterns are variable in fracture-filling calcites and Fe oxides/hydroxides but are similar to those observed in associated whole-rock samples. The observed Ce anomalies are very small (Ce-N/Ce-N(psi) approximate to 1), do not vary with depth, and, therefore, do not contain evidence that the studied fracture minerals precipitated from oxidizing waters at the conceptual depth of a repository. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Neymark, L. A.; Peterman, Z. E.; Moscati, R. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Thivierge, R. H.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov FU Natural Resources Canada Ltd. through Gascoyne Geoprojects Inc. [CMTAA122191] FX We thank K. Sharp and M. Gascoyne who helped with the drill core sample selection and L. Kwak and K. Futa who performed chemical analyses in Denver. R. McGregor drafted Fig. 1. J. Wooden and J. Vazquez helped run the SHRIMP-RG at Stanford, for which the authors are greatly appreciative. Thorough reviews by W. Premo, S. Frape, and E-L. Tullborg helped to improve the manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by Natural Resources Canada Ltd. through Gascoyne Geoprojects Inc. under Technical Assistance Agreement CMTAA122191. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 BP 10 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.06.004 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 211VN UT WOS:000323939600002 ER PT J AU Bonnot, TW Thompson, FR Millspaugh, JJ Jones-Farrand, DT AF Bonnot, Thomas W. Thompson, Frank R., III Millspaugh, Joshua J. Jones-Farrand, D. Todd TI Landscape-based population viability models demonstrate importance of strategic conservation planning for birds SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Prairie warbler; Wood thrush; Ecoregional; Habitat restoration; Survival; Afforestation ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; COMMUNICATION TOWERS; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; NESTING SUCCESS; PROTECTED AREAS; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY; LAND AB Efforts to conserve regional biodiversity in the face of global climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation will depend on approaches that consider population processes at multiple scales. By combining habitat and demographic modeling, landscape-based population viability models effectively relate small-scale habitat and landscape patterns to regional population viability. We demonstrate the power of landscape-based population viability models to inform conservation planning by using these models to evaluate responses of prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) populations in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region to simulated conservation scenarios. We assessed the relative effectiveness of habitat restoration, afforestation, and increased survival and differed placement and levels of effort for implementing those approaches. Population projections of the two species confirmed the potential for large-scale conservation to sustain regional populations. For example, abundances of prairie warblers and wood thrush tripled under afforestation and increased survival scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, responses to conservation actions were driven by interacting local and large-scale population processes such as source-sink interactions and dispersal. Relying on randomly placed habitat conservation was ineffective and potentially counterproductive whereas strategic placements resulted in greater populations and viability of prairie warbler and wood thrush. These models offer a valuable advance in conservation planning because they allow an understanding of the effects of local actions on regional growth, which is necessary for translating regional goals into local actions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bonnot, Thomas W.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bonnot, TW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bonnott@missouri.edu FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station; University of Missouri; Central Hardwoods Joint Venture FX Funding was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Northern Research Station and the University of Missouri. We thank W. Dijak for analytical support and advice and J.A. Fitzgerald and the Central Hardwoods Joint Venture for support and interest. Two anonymous reviewers and the handling editor provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 165 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.010 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210YQ UT WOS:000323871700013 ER PT J AU Klima, R Cahill, J Hagerty, J Lawrence, D AF Klima, R. Cahill, J. Hagerty, J. Lawrence, D. TI Remote detection of magmatic water in Bullialdus Crater on the Moon SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR; SURFACE; CALIBRATION; HYDROXYL; INTERIOR; APATITE; ICE AB Once considered dry compared with Earth, laboratory analyses of igneous components of lunar samples have suggested that the Moon's interior is not entirely anhydrous(1,2). Water and hydroxyl have also been detected from orbit on the lunar surface, but these have been attributed to nonindigenous sources(3-5), such as interactions with the solar wind. Magmatic lunar volatiles-evidence for water indigenous to the lunar interior-have not previously been detected remotely. Here we analyse spectroscopic data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) and report that the central peak of Bullialdus Crater is significantly enhanced in hydroxyl relative to its surroundings. We suggest that the strong and localized hydroxyl absorption features are inconsistent with a surficial origin. Instead, they are consistent with hydroxyl bound to magmatic minerals that were excavated from depth by the impact that formed Bullialdus Crater. Furthermore, estimates of thorium concentration in the central peak using data from the Lunar Prospector orbiter indicate an enhancement in incompatible elements, in contrast to the compositions of water-bearing lunar samples(2). We suggest that the hydroxyl-bearing material was excavated from a magmatic source that is distinct from that of samples analysed thus far. C1 [Klima, R.; Cahill, J.; Lawrence, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Hagerty, J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Klima, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Rachel.Klima@jhuapl.edu RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429 FU NASA Lunar Advanced Science and Engineering Program [NNX10AH62G]; NASA National Lunar Science Institute Polar Exploration Node [NNA09DB31A]; NASA Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program [NNH09AL42I] FX We thank the NASA Lunar Advanced Science and Engineering Program (NNX10AH62G to RK/JHUAPL), the NASA National Lunar Science Institute Polar Exploration Node (NNA09DB31A to JHUAPL) and the NASA Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program (NNH09AL42I to JH/USGS) for supporting this research. We are also grateful to the NASA Discovery Program, Indian Space Research Organization and M3 team. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 6 IS 9 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1038/NGEO1909 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 208YA UT WOS:000323717500015 ER PT J AU Troxler, TG Gaiser, E Barr, J Fuentes, JD Jaffe, R Childers, DL Collado-Vides, L Rivera-Monroy, VH Castaneda-Moya, E Anderson, W Chambers, R Chen, ML Coronado-Molina, C Davis, SE Engel, V Fitz, C Fourqurean, J Frankovich, T Kominoski, J Madden, C Malone, SL Oberbauer, SF Olivas, P Richards, J Saunders, C Schedlbauer, J Scinto, LJ Sklar, F Smith, T Smoak, JM Starr, G Twilley, RR Whelan, K AF Troxler, Tiffany G. Gaiser, Evelyn Barr, Jordan Fuentes, Jose D. Jaffe, Rudolf Childers, Daniel L. Collado-Vides, Ligia Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. Castaneda-Moya, Edward Anderson, William Chambers, Randy Chen, Meilian Coronado-Molina, Carlos Davis, Stephen E. Engel, Victor Fitz, Carl Fourqurean, James Frankovich, Tom Kominoski, John Madden, Chris Malone, Sparkle L. Oberbauer, Steve F. Olivas, Paulo Richards, Jennifer Saunders, Colin Schedlbauer, Jessica Scinto, Leonard J. Sklar, Fred Smith, Tom Smoak, Joseph M. Starr, Gregory Twilley, Robert R. Whelan, Kevin TI INTEGRATED CARBON BUDGET MODELS FOR THE EVERGLADES TERRESTRIAL-COASTAL-OCEANIC GRADIENT Current Status and Needs for Inter-Site Comparisons SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MANGROVE FORESTS; SUBTROPICAL ESTUARY; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; PERIPHYTON; WETLAND; BAY; PRODUCTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Recent studies suggest that coastal ecosystems can bury significantly more C than tropical forests, indicating that continued coastal development and exposure to sea level rise and storms will have global biogeochemical consequences. The Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE LTER) site provides an excellent subtropical system for examining carbon (C) balance because of its exposure to historical changes in freshwater distribution and sea level rise and its history of significant long-term carbon-cycling studies. FCE LTER scientists used net ecosystem C balance and net ecosystem exchange data to estimate C budgets for riverine mangrove, freshwater marsh, and seagrass meadows, providing insights into the magnitude of C accumulation and lateral aquatic C transport. Rates of net C production in the riverine mangrove forest exceeded those reported for many tropical systems, including terrestrial forests, but there are considerable uncertainties around those estimates due to the high potential for gain and loss of C through aquatic fluxes. C production was approximately balanced between gain and loss in Everglades marshes; however, the contribution of periphyton increases uncertainty in these estimates. Moreover, while the approaches used for these initial estimates were informative, a resolved approach for addressing areas of uncertainty is critically needed for coastal wetland ecosystems. Once resolved, these C balance estimates, in conjunction with an understanding of drivers and key ecosystem feedbacks, can inform cross-system studies of ecosystem response to long-term changes in climate, hydrologic management, and other land use along coastlines. C1 [Troxler, Tiffany G.] Florida Int Univ, Res Fac, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Barr, Jordan] Everglades Natl Pk, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Childers, Daniel L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chambers, Randy] Coll William & Mary, Keck Environm Lab, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Coronado-Molina, Carlos; Madden, Chris; Saunders, Colin; Sklar, Fred] South Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Davis, Stephen E.] Everglades Fdn, Palmetto Bay, FL USA. [Engel, Victor] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Fitz, Carl] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Davie, FL USA. [Malone, Sparkle L.; Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Schedlbauer, Jessica] W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. [Smith, Tom] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Smoak, Joseph M.] Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Geog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Whelan, Kevin] Natl Pk Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Program, South Florida Caribbean Network, Miami, FL USA. RP Troxler, TG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Res Fac, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM troxlert@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008; OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500; Chen, Meilian/0000-0002-7876-353X FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1237517, DBI-0620409]; South Florida Water Management District; National Park Service; Florida Bay Interagency Science Center-Everglades [GEO-1233006]; Department of Energy's National Institute for Climate Change Research [07-SC-NICCR-1059]; US Department of Education Graduate Assistantships in Areas of National Need grant; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; NSF support through the Urban Sustainability RCN [1140070]; Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Program [1026865] FX The FCE LTER gratefully acknowledges financial support provided by National Science Foundation grants DEB-1237517 and DBI-0620409, the South Florida Water Management District, the National Park Service, the Florida Bay Interagency Science Center-Everglades (T.T., E.G., R.J.), GEO-1233006 (G.S. and S.O.), Department of Energy's National Institute for Climate Change Research through grant 07-SC-NICCR-1059 (S.O. and G.S.), a US Department of Education Graduate Assistantships in Areas of National Need grant, and by the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. D.L.C. also received NSF support through the Urban Sustainability RCN (grant 1140070) and the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Program (grant 1026865). This is contribution number 633 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 82 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 98 EP 107 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210DD UT WOS:000323808600015 ER PT J AU Rosenblatt, AE Heithaus, MR Mather, ME Matich, P Nifong, JC Ripple, WJ Silliman, BR AF Rosenblatt, Adam E. Heithaus, Michael R. Mather, Martha E. Matich, Philip Nifong, James C. Ripple, William J. Silliman, Brian R. TI THE ROLES OF LARGE TOP PREDATORS IN COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS New Insights from Long Term Ecological Research SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY STRIPED BASS; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; FOOD WEBS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; TROPHIC CASCADES; SEA OTTERS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; ALLIGATOR HOLES; KELP FORESTS; EVERGLADES AB During recent human history, human activities such as overhunting and habitat destruction have severely impacted many large top predator populations around the world. Studies from a variety of ecosystems show that loss or diminishment of top predator populations can have serious consequences for population and community dynamics and ecosystem stability. However, there are relatively few studies of the roles of large top predators in coastal ecosystems, so that we do not yet completely understand what could happen to coastal areas if large top predators are extirpated or significantly reduced in number. This lack of knowledge is surprising given that coastal areas around the globe are highly valued and densely populated by humans, and thus coastal large top predator populations frequently come into conflict with coastal human populations. This paper reviews what is known about the ecological roles of large top predators in coastal systems and presents a synthesis of recent work from three coastal eastern US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites where long-term studies reveal what appear to be common themes relating to the roles of large top predators in coastal systems. We discuss three specific themes: (1) large top predators acting as mobile links between disparate habitats, (2) large top predators potentially affecting nutrient and biogeochemical dynamics through localized behaviors, and (3) individual specialization of large top predator behaviors. We also discuss how research within the LTER network has led to enhanced understanding of the ecological roles of coastal large top predators. Highlighting this work is intended to encourage further investigation of the roles of large top predators across diverse coastal aquatic habitats and to better inform researchers and ecosystem managers about the importance of large top predators for coastal ecosystem health and stability. C1 [Rosenblatt, Adam E.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Matich, Philip] Florida Int Univ, North Miami, FL USA. [Mather, Martha E.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Mather, Martha E.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Nifong, James C.; Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ripple, William J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rosenblatt, AE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, North Miami, FL USA. EM arose007@fiu.edu RI Rosenblatt, Adam/J-1327-2014; Nifong, James/D-4137-2015 OI Rosenblatt, Adam/0000-0002-5265-7720; Nifong, James/0000-0003-3607-0441 FU National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER program [DBI-0620409, DEB-1237517]; Plum Island Ecosystems LTER program [OCE-0423565, OCE-1058747, OCE-1238212]; Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program [OCE-0620959, OCE-1237140]; Florida International University (FIU); FIU Dissertation Year Fellowship FX We would like to thank the countless volunteers who assisted with the field and laboratory work that made this research possible. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER program under grants DBI-0620409 and DEB-1237517, the Plum Island Ecosystems LTER program under grants OCE-0423565, OCE-1058747, and OCE-1238212, and the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program under grants OCE-0620959 and OCE-1237140. Additional funding was provided by Florida International University (FIU). During manuscript preparation, A.E.R. was supported by an FIU Dissertation Year Fellowship, and M.E.M. received support from the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Kansas State University, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, and the Wildlife Management Institute). All work was carried out under Everglades National Park permits 0024, 0025, and 0031; Georgia Department of Natural Resources permits 29-WCH-07-148, 29-WBH-08-178, 29-WBH-09-56, 29-WBH-10-33, and 29-WBH-11-39; FIU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) permits 07-020 and 09-015; University of Massachusetts IACUC permits 28-02-15 and 2012-0023; and University of Florida IACUC permits F-139 and 201005071. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 117 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 156 EP 167 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210DD UT WOS:000323808600023 ER PT J AU Mather, ME Finn, JT Kennedy, CG Deegan, LA Smith, JM AF Mather, Martha E. Finn, John T. Kennedy, Cristina G. Deegan, Linda A. Smith, Joseph M. TI What Happens in an Estuary Doesn't Stay There Patterns of Biotic Connectivity Resulting from Long Term Ecological Research SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIGRATORY STRIPED BASS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MORONE-SAXATILIS; SMALL ADULT; HABITAT USE; FOOD WEBS; SALMON; RIVER; MOVEMENTS; FIDELITY AB The paucity of data on migratory connections and an incomplete understanding of how mobile organisms use geographically separate areas have been obstacles to understanding coastal dynamics. Research on acoustically tagged striped bass (Morone saxatilis) at the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) Long Term Ecological Research site, Massachusetts, documents intriguing patterns of biotic connectivity (i.e., long-distance migration between geographically distinct areas). First, the striped bass tagged at PIE migrated southward along the coast using different routes. Second, these tagged fish exhibited strong fidelity and specificity to PIE. For example, across multiple years, tagged striped bass resided in PIE waters for an average of 1.5-2.5 months per year (means: 51-72 days; range 2-122 days), left this estuary in fall, then returned in subsequent years. Third, this specificity and fidelity connected PIE to other locations. The fish exported nutrients and energy to at least three other coastal locations through biomass added as growth. These results demonstrate that what happens in an individual estuary can affect other estuaries. Striped bass that use tightly connected routes to feed in specific estuaries should have greater across-system impacts than fish that are equally likely to go anywhere. Consequently, variations in when, where, and how fish migrate can alter across-estuary impacts. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Mather, Martha E.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Finn, John T.; Kennedy, Cristina G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Deegan, Linda A.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Smith, Joseph M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. EM mmather@ksu.edu FU Plum Island Ecosystems LTER program [OCE-0423565, OCE-1058747, OCE-1238212]; University of Massachusetts Intercampus Marine Sciences Graduate Program FX We thank the Plum Island Ecosystems LTER program (OCE-0423565, OCE-1058747, OCE-1238212) and the University of Massachusetts Intercampus Marine Sciences Graduate Program for support. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (a cooperation of Kansas State University; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism; and the Wildlife Management Institute), the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the University of Washington provided support during manuscript preparation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. We thank the Atlantic Cooperative Telemetry Network for long distance data detections (http://www.theactnetwork.com), especially G. DeCelles, K. Dunton, E. Fairchild, D. Fox, B. Gahagan, M. Kieffer, T. Savoy, D. Secor, W. Watson, B. Hoffman, and D. Zemeckis. Additional detections were provided by S. Martinez and M. Bolus. K. Ferry and S. Pautzke provided the important, initial chapters of the continuously evolving striped bass story. We thank A. Overton and K. Ferry for discussions about bioenergetics. R. Muth contributed intellectual, administrative, and editorial assistance. D. Beauchamp, C. Simenstad, and an anonymous reviewer provided insightful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Over the years, our ideas have benefited from discussions with G. Nelson and M. Armstrong. Research was carried out under University of Massachusetts IACUC permits 28-02-15 and 2012-0023. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 168 EP 179 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210DD UT WOS:000323808600024 ER PT J AU Fraser, WR Patterson-Fraser, DL Ribic, CA Schofield, O Ducklow, H AF Fraser, William R. Patterson-Fraser, Donna L. Ribic, Christine A. Schofield, Oscar Ducklow, Hugh TI A Nonmarine Source of Variability in Adelie Penguin Demography SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; LINKS C1 [Fraser, William R.; Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.] Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. [Schofield, Oscar] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ocean Observat Lab, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ducklow, Hugh] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Fraser, WR (reprint author), Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT USA. EM bfraser@3rivers.net NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 207 EP 209 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210DD UT WOS:000323808600028 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Safine, DE Nielson, RM AF Hupp, Jerry W. Safine, David E. Nielson, Ryan M. TI Response of cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii taverneri) to spatial and temporal variation in the production of crowberries on the Alaska Peninsula SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Avian frugivory; Branta hutchinsii taverneri; Cackling geese; Crowberry; Empetrum nigrum; Izembek National Wildlife Refuge; Premigratory fattening ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; AUTUMN MIGRATION; EMPETRUM-NIGRUM; CONDITION BIAS; FOOD; DYNAMICS; BERRIES; AVAILABILITY; FRUGIVORY; LANDBIRDS AB Arctic geese often feed on berries during premigratory fattening. We hypothesized that during autumn staging on the Alaska Peninsula, the distribution of Taverner's cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii taverneri) would be correlated with spatial variation in crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) abundance. We also predicted that daily rates of fat increase among cackling geese would be higher in years when crowberries were abundant, compared to years when the crowberry crop was poor. Apparent distribution of geese based on fecal densities mirrored patterns of berry abundance, with areas that had highest densities of crowberries being used most heavily by geese. In areas where apparent use was greatest, geese consumed approximately 30 % of the berry crop between early September and mid-October. From 1999 to 2002, annual mean crowberry density in early September ranged from 205 berries m(-2) (1999) to 12 berries m(-2) (2002). Daily rates of lipid increase averaged 7.6 g day(-1) for juvenile and 11.4 g(-1) day for adult cackling geese and did not differ among years despite a > 90 % difference in annual berry abundance. Although cackling geese used areas with higher densities of berries and apparently consumed a relatively large percentage of the crowberry crop, we could not detect an effect of annual variation in berry abundance on rates of fattening. Berries may have provided relatively little metabolizable biomass due to their high (90 %) water content. However, consumption of crowberries may provide geese with other physiological benefits such as water for osmoregulation or antioxidants and fatty acids that contribute to metabolic performance during migration. C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Safine, David E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jhupp@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. We appreciate logistical support from Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. We thank A Brelsford, P Busteed, T Fondell, S Mead, D Miller, J Pelayo, J Reed, M Shepherd, E Wald, J Wasley, and H Wilson for their assistance. Thanks to D Derksen for his support. We appreciate comments by R Gill, B McCaffery, and J Pearce on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Scientific collection of geese was conducted in accordance with guidelines recommended by the Ornithological Council (Fair et al. 2010) and approved under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1243 EP 1255 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1343-3 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 197VI UT WOS:000322879600002 ER PT J AU Geist, EL AF Geist, Eric L. TI Near-Field Tsunami Edge Waves and Complex Earthquake Rupture SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; HALF-SPACE; SLIP; GENERATION; MODEL; OCEAN; KAMCHATKA; EVOLUTION; STRESS AB The effect of distributed coseismic slip on progressive, near-field edge waves is examined for continental shelf tsunamis. Detailed observations of edge waves are difficult to separate from the other tsunami phases that are observed on tide gauge records. In this study, analytic methods are used to compute tsunami edge waves distributed over a finite number of modes and for uniformly sloping bathymetry. Coseismic displacements from static elastic theory are introduced as initial conditions in calculating the evolution of progressive edge-waves. Both simple crack representations (constant stress drop) and stochastic slip models (heterogeneous stress drop) are tested on a fault with geometry similar to that of the M (w) = 8.8 2010 Chile earthquake. Crack-like ruptures that are beneath or that span the shoreline result in similar longshore patterns of maximum edge-wave amplitude. Ruptures located farther offshore result in reduced edge-wave excitation, consistent with previous studies. Introduction of stress-drop heterogeneity by way of stochastic slip models results in significantly more variability in longshore edge-wave patterns compared to crack-like ruptures for the same offshore source position. In some cases, regions of high slip that are spatially distinct will yield sub-events, in terms of tsunami generation. Constructive interference of both non-trapped and trapped waves can yield significantly larger tsunamis than those that produced by simple earthquake characterizations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 170 IS 9-10 BP 1475 EP 1491 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0491-7 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 209HZ UT WOS:000323747700009 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Munsey, J Ward, SN AF Hough, Susan E. Munsey, Jeffrey Ward, Steven N. TI Reverberations on the Watery Element: A Significant, Tsunamigenic Historical Earthquake Offshore the Carolina Coast SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MAGNITUDES; LOCATIONS AB We investigate an early nineteenth-century earthquake that has been previously cataloged but not previously investigated in detail or recognized as a significant event. The earthquake struck at approximately 4:30 a.m. LT on 8 January 1817 and was widely felt throughout the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Around 11:00 a.m. the same day, an eyewitness described a 12-inch tide that rose abruptly and agitated boats on the Delaware River near Philadelphia. We show that the timing of this tide is consistent with the predicted travel time for a tsunami generated by an offshore earthquake 6-7 hours earlier. By combining constraints provided by the shaking intensity distribution and the tsunami observation, we conclude that the 1817 earthquake had a magnitude of low- to mid-M 7 and a location 800-1000 km offshore of South Carolina. Our results suggest that poorly understood offshore source zones might represent a previously unrecognized hazard to the southern and mid-Atlantic coast. Both observational and modeling results indicate that potential tsunami hazard within Delaware Bay merits consideration: the simple geometry of the bay appears to catch and focus tsunami waves. Our preferred location for the 1817 earthquake is along a diffuse northeast-trending zone defined by instrumentally recorded and historical earthquakes. The seismotectonic framework for this region remains enigmatic. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Munsey, Jeffrey] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Ward, Steven N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 84 IS 5 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1785/0220120152 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 212NS UT WOS:000323990700016 ER PT J AU Rafique, R Fienen, MN Parkin, TB Anex, RP AF Rafique, Rashad Fienen, Michael N. Parkin, Timothy B. Anex, Robert P. TI Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Cropland: a Procedure for Calibrating the DayCent Biogeochemical Model Using Inverse Modelling SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE DayCent model; Inverse modelling; Parameter Estimation (PEST); Nitrous oxide; Sensitivity analysis; Automatic calibration; Validation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL; N2O; DENITRIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; COLORADO; SYSTEMS; DNDC AB DayCent is a biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity widely used to simulate greenhouse gases (GHG), soil organic carbon and nutrients in crop, grassland, forest and savannah ecosystems. Although this model has been applied to a wide range of ecosystems, it is still typically parameterized through a traditional "trial and error" approach and has not been calibrated using statistical inverse modelling (i.e. algorithmic parameter estimation). The aim of this study is to establish and demonstrate a procedure for calibration of DayCent to improve estimation of GHG emissions. We coupled DayCent with the parameter estimation (PEST) software for inverse modelling. The PEST software can be used for calibration through regularized inversion as well as model sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The DayCent model was analysed and calibrated using N2O flux data collected over 2 years at the Iowa State University Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Research Farms, Boone, IA. Crop year 2003 data were used for model calibration and 2004 data were used for validation. The optimization of DayCent model parameters using PEST significantly reduced model residuals relative to the default DayCent parameter values. Parameter estimation improved the model performance by reducing the sum of weighted squared residual difference between measured and modelled outputs by up to 67 %. For the calibration period, simulation with the default model parameter values underestimated mean daily N2O flux by 98 %. After parameter estimation, the model underestimated the mean daily fluxes by 35 %. During the validation period, the calibrated model reduced sum of weighted squared residuals by 20 % relative to the default simulation. Sensitivity analysis performed provides important insights into the model structure providing guidance for model improvement. C1 [Rafique, Rashad; Anex, Robert P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fienen, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Parkin, Timothy B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rafique, Rashad] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Rafique, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rashidbao@gmail.com RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651 FU USDA-NIFA [2011-68002-30190] FX This project is part of a regional collaborative supported by the USDA-NIFA, award no. 2011-68002-30190: Cropping systems Coordinated Agricultural Project: Climate Change, Mitigation, and Adaptation in Corn-based Cropping Systems. Special thanks to Cindy Keough, Keith Paustian, Bill Parton and Steve Del Grosso from Colorado State University for their help with DayCent modelling. We also would like to thank Jared Abodeely of the Idaho National Laboratory. We also would like to thank USGS's reviewers for the thorough review process. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 224 IS 9 AR 1677 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1677-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 207ZT UT WOS:000323644600031 ER PT J AU Jalilov, SM Amer, S Ward, F AF Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo Amer, Saud A. Ward, Frank A. TI Water, Food, and Energy Security: An Elusive Search for Balance in Central Asia SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Integrated basin scale analysis; Central Asia; Amu Darya; Rogun; Water-food-energy security, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ID MANAGEMENT; REGION; BASIN AB The development and use of water resources in the Amu Darya Basin remain under debate in the face of increasing population and associated scarcities in water, food, and energy. The upstream riparian, the mountain nation of Tajikistan, wishes to develop its hydropower potential. Three downstream states wish to sustain or increase their economic benefits from water used for irrigation. Growing tensions among the riparian countries on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of Amu Darya, have halted development of Tajikistan's proposed Rogun Dam. This paper examines the potential for mutually beneficial water development and allocation of water resources to sustain demands for water, food, and energy. Using long-term data on the Basin's energy potential, water supplies, irrigated land, and crop water demands, this paper analyzes total economic welfare for a future 20-year time horizon. Two water supply scenarios for each of two policy choices are examined. Results show that a constrained economic optimization operation of the Dam has the potential to increase farm income for each riparian country, while producing considerable benefits in hydropower for Tajikistan. Political negotiation among the riparian states and much better data will be needed to discover and implement potential gains indicated by this study. C1 [Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo; Ward, Frank A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Amer, Saud A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ward, F (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sjalilov@nmsu.com; samer@usgs.gov; fward@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; US Geological Survey FX Support by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and the US Geological Survey is gratefully acknowledged NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 11 BP 3959 EP 3979 DI 10.1007/s11269-013-0390-4 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 207ZD UT WOS:000323642700008 ER PT J AU Blatter, DL Sisson, TW Ben Hankins, W AF Blatter, Dawnika L. Sisson, Thomas W. Ben Hankins, W. TI Crystallization of oxidized, moderately hydrous arc basalt at mid- to lower-crustal pressures: implications for andesite genesis SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Experiments; Calc-alkaline basalt; Andesite genesis; Basalt fractionation ID HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; CALC-ALKALINE DIFFERENTIATION; SUBDUCTION ZONE MAGMAS; MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; PHASE-RELATIONS; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; MELTING EXPERIMENTS; MANTLE CONDITIONS; SOURCE REGIONS AB This study focuses on the production of convergent margin calc-alkaline andesites by crystallization-differentiation of basaltic magmas in the lower to middle crust. Previous experimental studies show that dry, reduced, subalkaline basalts differentiate to tholeiitic (high Fe/Mg) daughter liquids, but the influences of H2O and oxidation on differentiation are less well established. Accordingly, we performed crystallization experiments at controlled oxidized fO(2) (Re-ReO2 a parts per thousand Delta Ni-NiO + 2) on a relatively magnesian basalt (8.7 wt% MgO) typical of mafic magmas erupted in the Cascades near Mount Rainier, Washington. The basalt was synthesized with 2 wt% H2O and run at 900, 700, and 400 MPa and 1,200 to 950 A degrees C. A broadly clinopyroxenitic crystallization interval dominates near the liquidus at 900 and 700 MPa, consisting of augite + olivine + orthopyroxene + Cr-spinel (in decreasing abundance). With decreasing temperature, plagioclase crystallizes, Fe-Ti-oxide replaces spinel, olivine dissolves, and finally amphibole appears, producing gabbroic and then amphibole gabbroic crystallization stages. Enhanced plagioclase stability at lower pressure narrows the clinopyroxenitic interval and brings the gabbroic interval toward the liquidus. Liquids at 900 MPa track along Miyashiro's (Am J Sci 274(4):321-355, 1974) tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline boundary, whereas those at 700 and 400 MPa become calc-alkaline at silica contents a parts per thousand yen56 wt%. This difference is chiefly due to higher temperature appearance of magnetite (versus spinel) at lower pressures. Although the evolved liquids are similar in many respects to common calc-alkaline andesites, the 900 and 700 MPa liquids differ in having low CaO concentrations due to early and abundant crystallization of augite, with the result that those liquids become peraluminous (ASI: molar Al/(Na + K + 2Ca) > 1) at a parts per thousand yen61 wt% SiO2, similar to liquids reported in other studies of the high-pressure crystallization of hydrous basalts (Muntener and Ulmer in Geophys Res Lett 33(21):L21308, 2006). The lower-pressure liquids (400 MPa) have this same trait, but to a lesser extent due to more abundant near-liquidus plagioclase crystallization. A compilation of > 6,500 analyses of igneous rocks from the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada batholith, representative of convergent margin (arc) magmas, shows that ASI increases continuously and linearly with SiO2 from basalts to rhyolites or granites and that arc magmas are not commonly peraluminous until SiO2 exceeds 69 wt%. These relations are consistent with plagioclase accompanying mafic silicates over nearly all the range of crystallization (or remelting). The scarcity of natural peraluminous andesites shows that progressive crystallization-differentiation of primitive basalts in the deep crust, producing early clinopyroxenitic cumulates and evolved liquids, does not dominate the creation of intermediate arc magmas or of the continental crust. Instead, mid- to upper-crustal differentiation and/or open-system processes are critical to the production of intermediate arc magmas. Primary among the open-system processes may be extraction of highly evolved (granitic, rhyolitic) liquids at advanced degrees of basalt solidification (or incipient partial melting of predecessor gabbroic intrusions) and mixing of such liquids into replenishing basalts. Furthermore, if the andesitic-composition continents derived from basaltic sources, the arc ASI-SiO2 relation shows that the mafic component returned to the mantle was gabbroic in composition, not pyroxenitic. C1 [Blatter, Dawnika L.; Sisson, Thomas W.; Ben Hankins, W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blatter, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dblatter@usgs.gov FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program FX The authors thank Jim Brophy, Christy Till, and an anonymous reviewer for insightful comments that helped improve this manuscript. Additional comments and editorial handling by Gordon Moore are also appreciated. Conversations with Peter Ulmer and Othmar Muntener, while looking at rocks in the Sierra Nevada, helped stimulate this project. Robert Oscarson and Leslie Hayden provided assistance with probe analyses at the USGS Electron Microprobe Facility in Menlo Park, CA. Jake Lowenstern provided guidance with the FTIR analyses and provided the calibration equations for ATR-FTIR analyses prior to publication. Joel Robinson provided help with the density contour plot. This research was supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. The first author would also like to acknowledge the generous mentorship and friendship of the late Ian Carmichael, to whom this volume is dedicated. Not a day goes by without the thought: "What would Ian say about this?" as a litmus test to any method, idea, or decision. Thank you Ian! NR 76 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 166 IS 3 BP 861 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s00410-013-0920-3 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 206SB UT WOS:000323541600011 ER PT J AU Grove, TL Holbig, ES Barr, JA Till, CB Krawczynski, MJ AF Grove, Timothy L. Holbig, Eva S. Barr, Jay A. Till, Christy B. Krawczynski, Michael J. TI Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Garnet lherzolite; Mantle melting; Tibetan Plateau; Kilauea Hawaii; Experimental petrology ID MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; OCEAN ISLAND BASALTS; MANTLE PERIDOTITE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; PRIMARY MAGMAS; EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY; PRESSURE CALIBRATION; MAFIC LITHOLOGIES; 3 GPA; HAWAII AB Phase equilibrium experiments on a compositionally modified olivine leucitite from the Tibetan plateau have been carried out from 2.2 to 2.8 GPa and 1,380-1,480 A degrees C. The experiments-produced liquids multiply saturated with spinel and garnet lherzolite phase assemblages (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel +/- A garnet) under nominally anhydrous conditions. These SiO2-undersaturated liquids and published experimental data are utilized to develop a predictive model for garnet lherzolite melting of compositionally variable mantle under anhydrous conditions over the pressure range of 1.9-6 GPa. The model estimates the major element compositions of garnet-saturated melts for a range of mantle lherzolite compositions and predicts the conditions of the spinel to garnet lherzolite phase transition for natural peridotite compositions at above-solidus temperatures and pressures. We compare our predicted garnet lherzolite melts to those of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite and develop criteria for distinguishing among melts of these different source types. We also use the model in conjunction with a published predictive model for plagioclase and spinel lherzolite to characterize the differences in major element composition for melts in the plagioclase, spinel and garnet facies and develop tests to distinguish between melts of these three lherzolite facies based on major elements. The model is applied to understand the source materials and conditions of melting for high-K lavas erupted in the Tibetan plateau, basanite-nephelinite lavas erupted early in the evolution of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, as well as younger tholeiitic to alkali lavas from Kilauea. C1 [Grove, Timothy L.; Holbig, Eva S.; Barr, Jay A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Till, Christy B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Krawczynski, Michael J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Grove, TL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tlgrove@mit.edu RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Till, Christy/D-7771-2012 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0507486, EAR-0538179, EAR-1118598] FX The paper is dedicated to the memory of a great igneous petrologist, Ian Carmichael. Ian was like a father to many of us. He was always there to provide encouragement, support and criticism. Often all three of these were administered with equal enthusiasm. This work was first presented at a career celebration for Ian held at Camp Davis field station, Wyoming, August 12-16, 2005. Support for this work was provided through the National Science Foundation from grants EAR-0507486, EAR-0538179 and EAR-1118598. The authors gratefully acknowledge constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers and Tom Sisson, who suggested that we look at the melting conditions of the common and voluminous alkali basalts and tholeiites present at Hawaii. NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 166 IS 3 BP 887 EP 910 DI 10.1007/s00410-013-0899-9 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 206SB UT WOS:000323541600012 ER PT J AU Hough-Snee, N Roper, BB Wheaton, JM Budy, P Lokteff, RL AF Hough-Snee, Nate Roper, Brett B. Wheaton, Joseph M. Budy, Phaedra Lokteff, Ryan L. TI Riparian vegetation communities change rapidly following passive restoration at a northern Utah stream SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Riparian; Grazing; Passive restoration; Plant restoration; Community assembly; Low-order streams ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MAHOGANY CREEK; INDICATOR; RECOVERY; HABITAT; WILLOW; MEADOWS; ECOLOGY; NEVADA; BASIN AB Riparian vegetation may recover quickly from disturbance when the disturbance vector is removed or reduced. Grazing is a disturbance that removes plant biomass through herbivory, while overgrazing is a more severe disturbance that can deplete plant propagule pools and inhibit plant community recovery. We tested the hypothesis that riparian vegetation communities can shift quickly from ruderal grasslands to hydrophytic shrubs and graminoids when grazing is largely eliminated from riparian areas. We used a before-after-control study design to collect vegetation community data at six restored reaches and two grazed control reaches prior to and immediately following the construction of a cattle exclosure. We identified trends in Carex and Salix species abundance and quantified shifts in riparian vegetation community composition across time at each reach using PERMANOVA, multi-level pattern analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Vegetation composition changed rapidly in the four years following removal of grazing disturbance. Indicator species for all impact reaches shifted away from grazing tolerant graminoids and forbs, and toward hydrophytic graminoid and shrub species. Over the same timespan control reach indicator species remained grazing-tolerant graminoids and forbs. There was little change in Salix abundance over time at control or impact reaches but Carex abundance increased at restored reaches. We conclude that herbaceous plant communities may recover rapidly following the removal of grazing disturbance, but that woody species may lag in recovery without active vegetation manipulation. We postulate that low woody-species recruitment may affect the potential of the riparian zone to quickly shade stream channels and facilitate undercut bank formation, common riparian restoration objectives. To prevent halted riparian succession, designers should proactively identify potential limitations to woody vegetation colonization. We close discussing active approaches to overcome stalled riparian ecosystem development and suggest metrics for assessing woody species recovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hough-Snee, Nate; Lokteff, Ryan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, PIBO Effectiveness Monitoring Program, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Hough-Snee, Nate; Roper, Brett B.; Wheaton, Joseph M.; Budy, Phaedra; Lokteff, Ryan L.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roper, Brett B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Natl Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Wheaton, Joseph M.; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM nate@natehough-snee.org RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Hough-Snee, Nate/0000-0003-4581-0931 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 103 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 58 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.042 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 207OD UT WOS:000323610200046 ER PT J AU Mercer, CN Reed, MH AF Mercer, Celestine N. Reed, Mark H. TI Porphyry Cu-Mo Stockwork Formation by Dynamic, Transient Hydrothermal Pulses: Mineralogic Insights from the Deposit at Butte, Montana SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PROBE MICROANALYSIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GROWTH HISTORIES; COPPER-DEPOSIT; QUARTZ; TI; RUTILE; PRESSURE; TITANIQ; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE AB The systematic distribution of vein and alteration mineral assemblages in porphyry Cu deposits largely arises from changes in the temperature and pressure of fluids that traversed fractures throughout the hydrothermal system. Magmatic and hydrothermal minerals record the complex history of the fluctuating temperature and pressure regime as hydrothermal fluids transfer heat from their magmatic source to cold wall rock in response to lithostatic-to-hydrostatic pressure variations. We examine the thermal profile of the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in Butte, Montana, by determining formation temperatures for magmatic and hydrothermal samples representing different time frames and depths within the deposit, in context with sample pressure estimates. We use three independent mineral thermobarometers: Ti in quartz, Zr in rutile, and X-Mg-Ti in biotite, from which we estimate that final dike injection temperature, and hence the initial magmatic-hydrothermal fluid temperature, was similar to 700 degrees C while the ambient host-rock temperature was similar to 450 degrees to 500 degrees C. We find a magmatic-hydrothermal continuum represented in hydrothermal veins, ranging from similar to 710 degrees to <440 degrees C. Distinct mineral generations within vein samples consistently display large temperature ranges, spanning 50 degrees to 250 degrees C, capturing the transient thermal condition of the ascending aqueous fluids. Mineral precipitation temperatures within veins show the same range as those in accompanying envelopes, indicating at least partly contemporaneous formation of veins and envelopes. Hydrothermal veins of a single type show no systematic relationship between temperature and depth within the deposit, although different vein types show systematic temperature ranges as a function of depth. We observe anomalous crosscutting relationships indicating that porphyry vein formation temperatures fluctuated significantly within a single cubic centimeter parcel of rock from one vein-forming episode to another. We suggest that the thermal profile does not mimic domical isograds based on alteration mineral zones, but rather it mimics an irregular pattern following active fractures at any given time and evolves by discrete cycles of dynamic, transitory, high-temperature hydrofracturing, fluid release, and vein formation that overprints cooler host-rock temperatures. C1 [Mercer, Celestine N.; Reed, Mark H.] 1272 Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Mercer, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cmercer@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0440198] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0440198. We thank Adam Soule for contributing biotite electron microprobe analyses used in this study. We acknowledge the use of the University of Oregon's CAMCOR analytical facilities, which were established with federal and state funding. John Donovan and Steve Weimholt generously provided cutting edge microanalytical expertise and creativity. We also thank Dick Berg of Montana Bureau of Mines, and George Burns and Steve Czheura of Montana Resources for essential assistance in access to drill core and geologic data. We are grateful for Josh Roering's helpful discussion concerning statistics and for thoughtful manuscript reviews from Dana Johnston and Paul Wallace. Finally, we thank John Dilles, Brian Rusk, Jay Thomas, Andrew Tomkins, and Edward du Bray, whose constructive reviews greatly improved this manuscript. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1377 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 205UQ UT WOS:000323470700007 ER PT J AU Mast, MA Ely, D AF Mast, M. Alisa Ely, Daniel TI Effect of power plant emission reductions on a nearby wilderness area: a case study in northwestern Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Mount Zirkel Wilderness; SO2 emissions; NOx emissions; Visibility; Aerosols; Atmospheric deposition; Lake chemistry ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; UNITED-STATES; 2 SITES; CHEMISTRY; ACIDIFICATION; ELEVATION; CLIMATE; LAKES AB This study evaluates the effect of emission reductions at two coal-fired power plants in northwestern Colorado on a nearby wilderness area. Control equipment was installed at both plants during 1999-2004 to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions. One challenge was separating the effects of local from regional emissions, which also declined during the study period. The long-term datasets examined confirm that emission reductions had a beneficial effect on air and water quality in the wilderness. Despite a 75 % reduction in SO2 emissions, sulfate aerosols measured in the wilderness decreased by only 20 %. Because the site is relatively close to the power plants (< 75 km), the slow rate of conversion of SO2 to sulfate, particularly under conditions of low relative humidity, might account for this less than one-to-one response. On the clearest days, emissions controls appeared to improve visibility by about 1 deciview, which is a small but perceptible improvement. On the haziest days, however, there was little improvement perhaps reflecting the dominance of regional haze and other components of visibility degradation particularly organic carbon and dust. Sulfate and acidity in atmospheric deposition decreased by 50 % near the southern end of the wilderness of which 60 % was attributed to power plant controls and the remainder to reductions in regional sources. Lake water sulfate responded rapidly to trends in deposition declining at 28 lakes monitored in and near the wilderness. Although no change in the acid-base status was observed, few of the lakes appear to be at risk from chronic or episodic acidification. C1 [Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ely, Daniel] Daniel Ely LLC, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mamast@usgs.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Air Pollution Control Division; USDA Forest Service Air Program; US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Air Pollution Control Division, the USDA Forest Service Air Program, and the US Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program. Special thanks to Dennis Haddow, Gordon Pierce, Marc Pitchford, Pat Reddy, Jeff Sorkin, Larry Svoboda, and John Watson for support of monitoring efforts in the wilderness. The authors acknowledge the NADP, IMPROVE, and RMNS programs for collecting and making available the data used in this study. We thank Greg Wetherbee and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 185 IS 9 BP 7081 EP 7095 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3086-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192LI UT WOS:000322485500001 PM 23355020 ER PT J AU Brothers, DS Luttrell, KM Chaytor, JD AF Brothers, Daniel S. Luttrell, Karen M. Chaytor, Jason D. TI Sea-level-induced seismicity and submarine landslide occurrence SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; MASS MOVEMENTS; EAST-COAST; EARTHQUAKES; FAILURES; FAN AB The temporal coincidence between rapid late Pleistocene sea-level rise and large-scale slope failures is widely documented. Nevertheless, the physical mechanisms that link these phenomena are poorly understood, particularly along nonglaciated margins. Here we investigate the causal relationships between rapid sea-level rise, flexural stress loading, and increased seismicity rates along passive margins. We find that Coulomb failure stress across fault systems of passive continental margins may have increased more than 1 MPa during rapid late Pleistocene-early Holocene sea-level rise, an amount sufficient to trigger fault reactivation and rupture. These results suggest that sea-level-modulated seismicity may have contributed to a number of poorly understood but widely observed phenomena, including (1) increased frequency of large-scale submarine landslides during rapid, late Pleistocene sea-level rise; (2) emplacement of coarse-grained mass transport deposits on deep-sea fans during the early stages of marine transgression; and (3) the unroofing and release of methane gas sequestered in continental slope sediments. C1 [Brothers, Daniel S.; Chaytor, Jason D.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Luttrell, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Luttrell, Karen/D-6772-2015 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoc Program; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission FX We thank Uri ten Brink, Brian Andrews, Donna Shillington, and Matt Owen for their helpful reviews. The U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Postdoc Program and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission provided support for this research. The U.S. Government does not make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 39 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9 BP 979 EP 982 DI 10.1130/G34410.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203FS UT WOS:000323277300017 ER PT J AU Wells, RE McCaffrey, R AF Wells, Ray E. McCaffrey, Robert TI Steady rotation of the Cascade arc SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TECTONIC ROTATION; OREGON; GEOCHRONOLOGY; WASHINGTON; SUBDUCTION; EXTENSION; NORTHWEST; MOUNTAINS; ACCRETION; SLAB AB Displacement of the Miocene Cascade volcanic arc (northwestern North America) from the active arc is in the same sense and at nearly the same rate as the present clockwise block motions calculated from GPS velocities in a North American reference frame. Migration of the ancestral arc over the past 16 m.y. can be explained by clockwise rotation of upper-plate blocks at 1.0 degrees/m.y. over a linear melting source moving westward 1-4.5 km/m.y. due to slab rollback. Block motion and slab rollback are in opposite directions in the northern arc, but both are westerly in the southern extensional arc, where rollback may be enhanced by proximity to the edge of the Juan de Fuca slab. Similarities between post-16 Ma arc migration, paleo-magnetic rotation, and modern GPS block motions indicate that the secular block motions from decadal GPS can be used to calculate long-term strain rates and earthquake hazards. Northwest-directed Basin and Range extension of 140 km is predicted behind the southern arc since 16 Ma, and 70 km of shortening is predicted in the northern arc. The GPS rotation poles overlie a high-velocity slab of the Siletzia terrane dangling into the mantle beneath Idaho (United States), which may provide an anchor for the rotations. C1 [Wells, Ray E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McCaffrey, Robert] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Wells, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 28 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1130/G34514.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203FS UT WOS:000323277300029 ER PT J AU Yager, RM Plummer, LN Kauffman, LJ Doctor, DH Nelms, DL Schlosser, P AF Yager, Richard M. Plummer, L. Niel Kauffman, Leon J. Doctor, Daniel H. Nelms, David L. Schlosser, Peter TI Comparison of age distributions estimated from environmental tracers by using binary-dilution and numerical models of fractured and folded karst: Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Groundwater age; Fractured rocks; Karst; Numerical modelling; USA ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; AQUIFER SYSTEM; POROUS-MEDIA; ROCK; SIMULATION; SPRINGS; HE-3 AB Measured concentrations of environmental tracers in spring discharge from a karst aquifer in the Shenandoah Valley, USA, were used to refine a numerical groundwater flow model. The karst aquifer is folded and faulted carbonate bedrock dominated by diffuse flow along fractures. The numerical model represented bedrock structure and discrete features (fault zones and springs). Concentrations of H-3, He-3, He-4, and CFC-113 in spring discharge were interpreted as binary dilutions of young (0-8 years) water and old (tracer-free) water. Simulated mixtures of groundwater are derived from young water flowing along shallow paths, with the addition of old water flowing along deeper paths through the model domain that discharge to springs along fault zones. The simulated median age of young water discharged from springs (5.7 years) is slightly older than the median age estimated from H-3/He-3 data (4.4 years). The numerical model predicted a fraction of old water in spring discharge (0.07) that was half that determined by the binary-dilution model using the H-3/He-3 apparent age and H-3 and CFC-113 data (0.14). This difference suggests that faults and lineaments are more numerous or extensive than those mapped and included in the numerical model. C1 [Yager, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Plummer, L. Niel; Doctor, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Nelms, David L.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Yager, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 30 Brown Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ryager@usgs.gov; nplummer@usgs.gov; lkauff@usgs.gov; dhdoctor@usgs.gov; dlnelms@usgs.gov; schlosser@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012; Nelms, David/A-8107-2010 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203; Nelms, David/0000-0001-5747-642X FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program; USGS National Research Program FX Information required to construct and calibrate the groundwater flow model described in this study was provided by USGS colleagues G. Harlow, K. McCoy, J. Pope and J. Eggleston, D. Weary, and Mark Kozar. The manuscript was improved by comments from reviewers, including S. Eberts, K. McCoy, A. Massoudieh and W. P. Gardner. We thank Allen Shapiro and D. Goode who assisted with numerical simulations pertaining to the effects of exchange between mobile and immobile waters on environmental tracer concentrations. This study was supported by the USGS Groundwater Resources Program and the USGS National Research Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1193 EP 1217 DI 10.1007/s10040-013-0997-9 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 204RZ UT WOS:000323387800003 ER PT J AU Chen, DM Lan, ZC Bai, X Grace, JB Bai, YF AF Chen, Dima Lan, Zhichun Bai, Xue Grace, James B. Bai, Yongfei TI Evidence that acidification-induced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil properties in a semi-arid steppe SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE base mineral cations; nitrogen cycling; plant species richness; plant-soil (below-ground) interactions; productivity; semi-arid steppe; soil aluminium ions; soil microbial organisms; soil nematodes; structural equation modelling ID BACTERIAL-FEEDING NEMATODES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FOREST SOILS; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ARABLE SOIL; PH GRADIENT; FOOD-WEB; GROWTH AB 1. Anthropogenic acid deposition-induced soil acidification is one of the major threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services. Few studies, however, have explored in detail how above-ground changes in plant species richness and productivity resulting from soil acidification are mediated by effects on below-ground biota and soil properties. 2. To increase our understanding of this linkage, we collected data on below- and above-ground communities and soil properties in a 3-year field experiment with seven levels of acid addition rate to build-up broad intensities of soil acidification in the semi-arid Inner Mongolian grassland. 3. Acid addition directly elevated concentrations of soil Al3+ ions, decreased the base cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+, and increased soil moisture and available phosphorus. Acid addition also appears to have altered the soil microbial community via changes in H+ and Al3+ ions and altered the nematode community via changes in H+ ions and soil moisture. 4. The observed changes in soil N availability (i.e. net N mineralization, NO3--N and NH4+-N could be explained by mediating changes in the H+ and Al3+ ions, microbial community (i.e. community structure, bacteria and fungi/bacteria as indicated by phospholipid fatty acids analysis) and the nematode community (i.e. total abundance, taxa richness and maturity index). 5. Declines in plant species richness and productivity were greater at high intensities of soil acidification in the second sampling year than in the first sampling year. The changes in plant community observed were mostly explained by soil nutrient pathways (e.g. N availability or base mineral cations), which were in turn regulated by the soil microbial or nematode communities as well as by the direct effects of the increase in H+ or Al3+ ions. 6. Synthesis. Our results suggest that the below-ground microbial and nematode communities are more sensitive to soil acidification than the plant communities are, and further that soil acidification-induced changes in plants are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil nutrients. These findings improve our understanding of the links between below- and above-ground communities in the Inner Mongolia grassland, especially in the context of anthropogenic acid enrichment. C1 [Chen, Dima; Lan, Zhichun; Bai, Xue; Bai, Yongfei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Bai, YF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM yfbai@ibcas.ac.cn RI Chen, Dima/H-4060-2013 OI Chen, Dima/0000-0002-1687-0401 FU State Key Basic Research Development Program of China [2009CB421102]; Natural Science Foundation of China [31030013, 31100335]; USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs FX We thank Professor Erland Baath for his help in MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. We acknowledge Qingmin Pan, Jiaoyan Ying, Huasong Chen for their help with field work. This study was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2009CB421102) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (31030013 and 31100335). This work was supported, in part, by funding from the USGS Status and Trends, Ecosystems, and Global Change Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 21 U2 202 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1334 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12119 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 208SG UT WOS:000323699000024 ER PT J AU De Angelis, SH Larsen, J Coombs, M AF De Angelis, Sarah H. Larsen, Jessica Coombs, Michelle TI Pre-eruptive Magmatic Conditions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2006: Evidence from Amphibole Geochemistry and Textures SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibole; andesite; magma mixing; magma storage; reaction rims ID SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO; ASCENT RATES; BEZYMYANNYI VOLCANO; HORNBLENDE; KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; GEOBAROMETER; INCLUSIONS; ANDESITES; ALUMINUM AB Variations in the geochemistry and texture of amphibole phenocrysts erupted from Augustine Volcano in 2006 provide new insights into pre- and syn-eruptive magma storage and mixing. Amphiboles are rare but present in all magma compositions (low- to high-silica andesites) from the 3 month long eruption. Unzoned magnesiohornblende in the high- and low-silica andesites exhibit limited compositional variability, relatively high SiO2 (up to 49 center dot 7 wt %), and relatively low Al2O3 (< 11 center dot 1 wt %). Intermediate-silica andesites and quenched mafic enclaves contain amphiboles that vary in composition (e.g. SiO2 40 center dot 8-48 center dot 9 wt %, Al2O3 6 center dot 52-15 center dot 2 wt %) and classification (magnesiohornblende-magnesiohastingsite-tschermakite). Compositional variation in amphibole is primarily controlled by temperature-dependent substitutions. Both high- and low-silica andesites represent remnant magmas that were stored in the shallow crust at 4-8 km depth, remaining distinct owing to a complex subsurface plumbing system. Intermediate-silica andesites and quenched mafic inclusions represent pre-eruptive hybrids of resident high- and low-silica andesite magmas and an intruding basalt. Amphiboles in explosive phase high-silica andesites are largely euhedral and unreacted, consistent with the high magma flux rates from depth during this phase (up to 13 800 m(3) s(-1)). Phenocrysts from the other lithologies have reaction rims that range from 1 to > 1000 mu m in thickness. Reaction rim microlite sizes correlate with reaction rim thicknesses. Reaction rims < 50 mu m thick contain microlites 1-10 mu m in length whereas reaction rims > 80 mu m thick contain microlites 10-100 mu m in length. Differentiating between heating- and decompression-induced amphibole reaction rim formation is problematic because of a lack of experimental constraints. We attempt a new approach to assessing reaction rim formation, based on a kinetic theory of crystal nucleation and growth, in which the differences in reaction rim textures represent different degrees of amphibole disequilibrium. Large crystals and low number densities suggest relatively lower levels of disequilibrium resulting in growth-dominated crystallization. Smaller crystals and larger number densities are indicative of higher nucleation rates and a high driving force. C1 [De Angelis, Sarah H.; Larsen, Jessica] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Coombs, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP De Angelis, SH (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM shenton@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 0911694] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF EAR 0911694). NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1939 EP 1961 DI 10.1093/petrology/egt037 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 207QZ UT WOS:000323619600009 ER PT J AU Kirincich, AR Lentz, SJ Farrar, JT Ganju, NK AF Kirincich, Anthony R. Lentz, Steven J. Farrar, J. Thomas Ganju, Neil K. TI The Spatial Structure of Tidal and Mean Circulation over the Inner Shelf South of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coastal flows; Momentum; Sea surface temperature; Tides; Surface observations ID NEW-ENGLAND SHELF; NEW-JERSEY SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SURFACE CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; FLOW; MODEL; OCEAN; WINDS AB The spatial structure of the tidal and background circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, was investigated using observations from a high-resolution, high-frequency coastal radar system, paired with satellite SSTs and in situ ADCP velocities. Maximum tidal velocities for the dominant semidiurnal constituent increased from 5 to 35 cm s(-1) over the 20-km-wide domain with phase variations up to 60 degrees. A northeastward jet along the eastern edge and a recirculation region inshore dominated the annually averaged surface currents, along with a separate along-shelf jet offshore. Owing in part to this variable circulation, the spatial structure of seasonal SST anomalies had implications for the local heat balance. Cooling owing to the advective heat flux divergence was large enough to offset more than half of the seasonal heat gain owing to surface heat flux. Tidal stresses were the largest terms in the mean along- and across-shelf momentum equations in the area of the recirculation, with residual wind stress and the Coriolis term dominating to the west and south, respectively. The recirculation was strongest in summer, with mean winds and tidal stresses accounting for much of the differences between summer and winter mean circulation. Despite the complex bathymetry and short along-shelf spatial scales, a simple model of tidal rectification was able to recreate the features of the northeastward jet and match an estimate of the across-shelf structure of sea surface height inferred from the residual of the momentum analysis. C1 [Kirincich, Anthony R.; Lentz, Steven J.; Farrar, J. Thomas] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kirincich, AR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM akirincich@whoi.edu RI Farrar, John T./F-3532-2012; Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Farrar, John T./0000-0003-3495-1990; Lentz, Steven/0000-0001-7498-0281; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX The development and operation of the WHOI HF radar system has been supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The ancillary data used in this work was collected by Janet Fredricks and the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory team who, for over a decade, have been deploying and maintaining the core instruments and infrastructure of the MVCO. We also acknowledge Craig Marquette for his efforts in deploying and maintaining the SWWIM array of moorings. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1940 EP 1958 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-020.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 211FU UT WOS:000323891800007 ER PT J AU McCleery, R Oli, MK Hostetler, JA Karmacharya, B Greene, D Winchester, C Gore, J Sneckenberger, S Castleberry, SB Mengak, MT AF McCleery, R. Oli, M. K. Hostetler, J. A. Karmacharya, B. Greene, D. Winchester, C. Gore, J. Sneckenberger, S. Castleberry, S. B. Mengak, M. T. TI Are declines of an endangered mammal predation-driven, and can a captive-breeding and release program aid their recovery? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Key Largo woodrat; capture-mark-recapture analysis; predation; Pradel's model; survival; recruitment; release; captive breeding ID KEY-LARGO WOODRAT; NEOTOMA-FLORIDANA-SMALLI; CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE; POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; ACORN MAST; SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; RODENT; DYNAMICS; ANIMALS AB Declines of imperiled small mammals are often attributed to predation without investigating the relative influence of survival and reproductive parameters on population growth. Accordingly, declines in the endangered Key Largo woodrat Neotoma floridana smalli (KLWR) population have been attributed to predation by feral cats Felis catus, Burmese pythons Python molurus bivittatus and raccoons Procyon lotor. We estimated survival, recruitment and realized population growth rates from four capture-mark-recapture studies to determine if the pattern of demographic variation was consistent with predation as the primary cause of KLWR declines. Additionally, we evaluated the KLWR captive-breeding and release program by comparing survival of captive-born and released KLWRs to wild-born KLWRs. The realized population growth rate of wild-born KLWRs had a strong pattern of covariation with recruitment; covariation between the realized population growth rate and apparent survival was negligible. Consistent with demographic theory, our results suggest that KLWR population dynamics were driven primarily by variation in recruitment, and that periodic reductions in recruitment led to population declines. We found that the survival curve and the first month (S-1) and first 3-month (S1-3) survival estimates for the wild-born KLWRs [S-1 = 0.929 (0.890-0.968); S1-3 = 0.942 (0.919-0.965)] were considerably higher ((2) = 33.9, 1 d.f., P < 0.001) than released KLWRs [S-1 = 0.521 (0.442-0.600); S1-3 = 0.561 (0.493-0.629)]. Low survival rates from predation limited the success of the captive-breeding and release program. This study illustrates the importance of pre-release conditioning of captive-bred animals and the importance of considering reproductive parameters in conjunction with survival estimates to understand the drivers of population decline. C1 [McCleery, R.; Oli, M. K.; Greene, D.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hostetler, J. A.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Karmacharya, B.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Winchester, C.; Gore, J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Panama City, FL USA. [Sneckenberger, S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, South Florida Ecol Serv Off, Vero Beach, FL USA. [Castleberry, S. B.; Mengak, M. T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP McCleery, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Newins Zeigler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ramccleery@ufl.edu RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011; OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758; McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X FU USFWS [F11AP00176]; University of Florida Institute for Food and Agricultural Science FX Special thanks to Phil Frank, Steve Klett, the field technicians, volunteers and USFWS employees whose hard work was invaluable to this project. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding was provided by the USFWS (Agreement No. F11AP00176) and the University of Florida Institute for Food and Agricultural Science. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 291 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1111/jzo.12046 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206SE UT WOS:000323541900008 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Barker, RJ White, GC Lindberg, MS Langtimm, CA Penaloza, CL AF Kendall, William L. Barker, Richard J. White, Gary C. Lindberg, Mark S. Langtimm, Catherine A. Penaloza, Claudia L. TI Combining dead recovery, auxiliary observations and robust design data to estimate demographic parameters from marked individuals SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; closed robust design; Florida manatee; multievent; multistate model; program MARK; recoveries; resightings; unobservable state ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SURVIVAL; MIXTURES; ANIMALS AB 1. When estimating demographic parameters for wild populations, using multiple data sources can increase robustness through greater precision, reducing bias and permitting the estimation of otherwise confounded parameters. 2. We present a method that combines recapture data from marked individuals, collected at a single study site, under a robust design framework, with dead recoveries and auxiliary resightings collected at any time and place. This model permits the joint modelling of survival, permanent and temporary emigration from the study area. 3. We demonstrate that the usefulness of this model is compelling in the case of long-lived species with substantial rates of temporary emigration, to mitigate bias in survival at the end of the time series and to permit conservation decisions based on more current information. We use the case of Florida manatees as an example. 4. Our model can easily be extended to account for an arbitrary number of phenotypic states and account for state uncertainty. The increase in precision overall in vital rates, and the mitigation of bias in survival estimation in the final years of a time series, permits managers to base resource decisions on more robust and timely information. The model also provides the ability to adapt monitoring to changing conditions or specific management objectives, via dynamic allocation of effort to auxiliary resightings. C1 [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife Ecol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Langtimm, Catherine A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Penaloza, Claudia L.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM William.Kendall@colostate.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 BP 828 EP 835 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12077 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209ED UT WOS:000323736200005 ER PT J AU Corace, RG Stout, AT Goebel, PC Hix, DM AF Corace, R. Gregory, III Stout, Anna T. Goebel, P. Charles Hix, David M. TI Snag Benchmarks and Treatment Options forMixed-Pine Forest Restoration in Eastern Upper Michigan SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological legacy; ecological forestry; fire; red pine; Seney National Wildlife Refuge; snag transition rates ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; FIRE HISTORY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; USA AB Snags (dead-standing trees) are biological legacies that remain after disturbances in forests. We enhanced the ecological underpinnings of snag management within the context of mixed-pine forest restoration in the northern Lake States by quantifying characteristics of live trees and snags within eighty-five 500-m(2) plots at Seney National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in eastern Upper Michigan. Study plots represented reference conditions (i.e. no past harvesting, relatively unaltered fire regime) and altered (i.e. harvested, altered fire regime) conditions. We also compared three treatments for creating snags from live trees. Snags were found in 87% of the reference plots and 85% of the altered plots. The only snag variables that differed between plot types were mean snag basal area, which was greater in altered plots (Student's t-test, p=0.04), and mean percent total basal area of snags (greater in reference plots, p=0.06). The composition of snags differed only in the 10- and 25-cm diameter classes (Multi-Response Permutation Procedure, p < 0.10). The percentage of snags that developed into the most advanced decay class (DC) differed among treatments after 4 years ((2)=16.49, p < 0.01), with 26% of girdled trees, 3% of prescribed fire trees, and zero topped trees reaching DC5. Logistic regression illustrated that the influence of predictor variables on DC development varied by species and treatment. The findings from this study, past studies, and ongoing projects at Seney NWR are directly applicable to innovative management of snags in mixed-pine forests. C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III; Stout, Anna T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA. [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hix, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1674 Refuge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA. EM Greg_Corace@fws.gov FU Seney NWR; Seney Natural History Association; Ohio State University; Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding was provided by Seney NWR, the Seney Natural History Association, The Ohio State University, and the Joint Fire Science Program. H. Cornwall, J. Downs, D. Hunter, K. Leister, J. May, T. Macy, A. Neel, R. Plumb, J. Polasik, S. Rist, K. Trinkle, and H. Whitman assisted with data collection. L. Shartell assisted with data analysis, and the edits and comments of D. Kashian, two anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor greatly improved this article. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 608 EP 616 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00929.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209DN UT WOS:000323734500012 ER PT J AU Burkardt, N Kelley, S Amato, AJ AF Burkardt, Nina Kelley, Suzzanne Amato, Anthony J. TI The Depression Dilemmas of Rural Iowa, 1929-1932 SO SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Burkardt, Nina] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kelley, Suzzanne] Minnesota State Univ, New Rivers Press, Moorhead, MN USA. [Amato, Anthony J.] Southwest Minnesota State Univ, Marshall, MN 56258 USA. RP Amato, AJ (reprint author), Southwest Minnesota State Univ, 1501 State St, Marshall, MN 56258 USA. EM tamato@smsu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0362-3319 J9 SOC SCI J JI Soc. Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 50 IS 3 BP 400 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.soscij.2013.07.004 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 204XI UT WOS:000323404200020 ER PT J AU Witt, EC Wronkiewicz, DJ Pavlowsky, RT Shi, HL AF Witt, Emitt C., III Wronkiewicz, David J. Pavlowsky, Robert T. Shi, Honglan TI Trace metals in fugitive dust from unsurfaced roads in the Viburnum Trend resource mining District of Missouri-Implementation of a direct-suspension sampling methodology SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Fugitive road dust; Missouri lead belt; Unsurfaced roads; Sampling technology; Contaminated dusts; Viburnum Trend Pb contamination ID EXPOSURE AB Fugitive dust from 18 unsurfaced roadways in Missouri were sampled using a novel cyclonic fugitive dust collector that was designed to obtain suspended bulk samples for analysis. The samples were analyzed for trace metals, Fe and Al, particle sizes, and mineralogy to characterize the similarities and differences between roadways. Thirteen roads were located in the Viburnum Trend (VT) mining district, where there has been a history of contaminant metal loading of local soils; while the remaining five roads were located southwest of the VT district in a similar rural setting, but without any mining or industrial process that might contribute to trace metal enrichment. Comparison of these two groups shows that trace metal concentration is higher for dusts collected in the VT district. Lead is the dominant trace metal found in VT district dusts representing on average 79% of the total trace metal concentration, and was found moderately to strongly enriched relative to unsurfaced roads in the non-VT area. Fugitive road dust concentrations calculated for the VT area substantially exceed the 2008 Federal ambient air standard of 0.15 mu g m(-3) for Pb. The pattern of trace metal contamination in fugitive dust from VT district roads is similar to trace metal concentrations patterns observed for soils measured more than 40 years ago indicating that Pb contamination in the region is persistent as a long-term soil contaminant. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Witt, Emitt C., III; Wronkiewicz, David J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Witt, Emitt C., III] Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Pavlowsky, Robert T.] Missouri State Univ, Ozarks Environm & Water Resources Inst, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Shi, Honglan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO USA. [Wronkiewicz, David J.; Shi, Honglan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Environm Res Ctr Emerging Contaminants, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Witt, EC (reprint author), Natl Geospatial Tech Operat Ctr, United States Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ecwitt@usgs.gov; wronk@m-st.edu; BobPavlowsky@MissouriState.edu; honglan@mst.edu FU MS&T ERC, SEED Fund FX This effort was supported by a Grant from the MS&T ERC, SEED Fund. The authors would like to thank MS&T student Hang Deng for his support in preparing samples for SEM imaging and particle size analysis. This article is Geology and Geophysics contribution 47 of the MS&T. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2013 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1506 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.012 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203MR UT WOS:000323297800015 PM 23659966 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Temporal and spatial variability of the global water balance SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RIVER RUNOFF; CLIMATE; DISCHARGE; TRENDS AB An analysis of simulated global water-balance components (precipitation [P], actual evapotranspiration [AET], runoff [R], and potential evapotranspiration [PET]) for the past century indicates that P has been the primary driver of variability in R. Additionally, since about 2000, there have been increases in P, AET, R, and PET for most of the globe. The increases in R during 2000 through 2009 have occurred despite unprecedented increases in PET. The increases in R are the result of substantial increases in P during the cool Northern Hemisphere months (i.e. October through March) when PET increases were relatively small; the largest PET increases occurred during the warm Northern Hemisphere months (April through September). Additionally, for the 2000 through 2009 period, the latitudinal distribution of P departures appears to co-vary with the mean P departures from 16 climate model projections of the latitudinal response of P to warming, except in the high latitudes. Finally, changes in water-balance variables appear large from the perspective of departures from the long-term means. However, when put into the context of the magnitudes of the raw water balance variable values, there appears to have been little change in any of the water-balance variables over the past century on a global or hemispheric scale. C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80255 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80255 USA. EM gmccabe@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD SEP PY 2013 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0798-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203FO UT WOS:000323276900026 ER PT J AU Spooner, DE Frost, PC Hillebrand, H Arts, MT Puckrin, O Xenopoulos, MA AF Spooner, Daniel E. Frost, Paul C. Hillebrand, Helmut Arts, Michael T. Puckrin, Olivia Xenopoulos, Marguerite A. TI Nutrient loading associated with agriculture land use dampens the importance of consumer-mediated niche construction SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural land use; aquatic ecosystem; biodiversity; ecosystem function; ecosystem services; environmental context; environmental gradient; food web; niche construction; nitrogen; resource provisioning ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM; STREAM; STOICHIOMETRY; BIODIVERSITY; NITROGEN; FISH; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION AB The linkages between biological communities and ecosystem function remain poorly understood along gradients of human-induced stressors. We examined how resource provisioning (nutrient recycling), mediated by native freshwater mussels, influences the structure and function of benthic communities by combining observational data and a field experiment. We compared the following: (1) elemental and community composition (algal pigments and macroinvertebates) on live mussel shells and on nearby rocks across a gradient of catchment agriculture and (2) experimental colonisation of benthic communities on live vs. sham shells controlling for initial community composition and colonisation duration. We show that in near pristine systems, nutrient heterogeneity mediated by mussels relates to greater biodiversity of communities, which supports the notion that resource heterogeneity can foster biological diversity. However, with increased nutrients from the catchment, the relevance of mussel-provisioned nutrients was nearly eliminated. While species can persist in disturbed systems, their functional relevance may be diminished or lost. C1 [Spooner, Daniel E.; Frost, Paul C.; Puckrin, Olivia; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Hillebrand, Helmut] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm ICBM, Oldenburg, Germany. [Arts, Michael T.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Spooner, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM dspooner45@gmail.com RI Hillebrand, Helmut/I-1717-2014; OI Hillebrand, Helmut/0000-0001-7449-1613; Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 FU Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation FX We thank H. Galbraith, C. Blakeslee, R. Balthasar, A. Scott, B. McFeeters, C. Williams and T. Morris for field and lab assistance and comments on the study. This study was funded through Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery and Strategic grants as well as an Early Researcher award from the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation to MAX. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 129 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1125 DI 10.1111/ele.12146 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201QY UT WOS:000323159300001 PM 23848507 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Nesmith, JCB Keifer, M Knapp, EE Flint, A Flint, L AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Nesmith, Jonathan C. B. Keifer, MaryBeth Knapp, Eric E. Flint, Alan Flint, Lorriane TI Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the western United States SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Climate; fire effects; prescribed fire; tree mortality ID TREE MORTALITY-RATES; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; GLOBAL-CHANGE; DIE-OFF; DROUGHT; MECHANISMS; CALIFORNIA; FUELS; USA AB Pervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire-caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the western US show that high pre-fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post-fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire). C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.] US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Keifer, MaryBeth] Natl Pk Serv, Fire Management Program Ctr, Boise, ID 83705 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redding, CA USA. [Flint, Alan; Flint, Lorriane] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) [09-3-01-68] FX We thank the many scientists and field crews who collected and organised the fire effects data. Laura Lalemand, Jon Hollis and Janelle Deshais assisted in the organisation of the database. Adrian Das, Jeffery Kane, Julie Yee and three anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP project number 09-3-01-68). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 115 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1111/ele.12151 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201QY UT WOS:000323159300005 PM 23869626 ER PT J AU Nakazato, T Rieseberg, LH Wood, TE AF Nakazato, T. Rieseberg, L. H. Wood, T. E. TI The genetic basis of speciation in the Giliopsis lineage of Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE pollinator-mediated speciation; directional selection; floral characters; reproductive isolation; QTL; transmission ratio distortion ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; FLOWER COLOR; MONKEYFLOWER MIMULUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HUMMINGBIRD FLOWERS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; FLORAL MORPHOLOGY; POLLEN PRECEDENCE AB One of the most powerful drivers of speciation in plants is pollinator-mediated disruptive selection, which leads to the divergence of floral traits adapted to the morphology and behavior of different pollinators. Despite the widespread importance of this speciation mechanism, its genetic basis has been explored in only a few groups. Here, we characterize the genetic basis of pollinator-mediated divergence of two species in genus Ipomopsis, I. guttata and I. tenuifolia, using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of floral traits and other variable phenotypes. We detected one to six QTLs per trait, with each QTL generally explaining small to modest amounts of the phenotypic variance of a backcross hybrid population. In contrast, flowering time and anthocyanin abundance (a metric of color variation) were controlled by a few QTLs of relatively large effect. QTLs were strongly clustered within linkage groups, with 26 of 37 QTLs localized to six marker-interval 'hotspots,' all of which harbored pleiotropic QTLs. In contrast to other studies that have examined the genetic basis of pollinator shifts, our results indicate that, in general, mutations of small to modest effect on phenotype were involved. Thus, the evolutionary transition between the distinct pollination modes of I. guttata and I. tenuifolia likely proceeded incrementally, rather than saltationally. C1 [Nakazato, T.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rieseberg, L. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Rieseberg, L. H.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Wood, T. E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Wood, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM twood@usgs.gov OI Rieseberg, Loren/0000-0002-2712-2417 FU National Science Foundation [DBI0421630]; Indiana Academy of Sciences; Sigma-Xi; NSF-IGERT fellowship FX We thank R Franklin for help with scoring of AFLP genotypes, and L Caldwell Baker and M O'Connor for assistance with greenhouse cultivation. L Delph, J Demuth, J Moorad, G Gastony, G Rauch and M Wade provided thoughtful suggestions throughout the course of the study. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI0421630) to LHR and by the Indiana Academy of Sciences, Sigma-Xi and an NSF-IGERT fellowship to TEW. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2013 VL 111 IS 3 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1038/hdy.2013.41 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 202JA UT WOS:000323209400007 PM 23652565 ER PT J AU Jaster, L Jensen, WE Forbes, AR AF Jaster, Levi Jensen, William E. Forbes, Andrew R. TI Abundance, territory sizes, and pairing success of male Henslow's Sparrows in restored warm- and cool-season grasslands SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus henslowii; grassland birds; grassland restoration; habitat selection; territory ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; HABITAT SELECTION; PRAIRIE FRAGMENTS; NESTING BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; MISSOURI; ASSOCIATIONS; PATTERNS; BIOLOGY AB Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) are known to breed in restored grasslands consisting of either warm- or cool-season grasses, but additional information is needed concerning their breeding biology in these two types of grasslands. We compared the abundance, territory sizes, and pairing success of male Henslow's Sparrows in grasslands in west-central Missouri in 2010 and 2011 using a paired-treatment design, where warm- and cool-season grasslands were located in close proximity. Selection indices indicated no apparent preference by male Henslow's Sparrows for either type of grassland, and the territory sizes and pairing success of males in cool- and warm-season grasslands did not differ. In addition, we found no significant differences in habitat structure between these grassland types. Thus, our results suggest that the warm- and cool-season grasslands in our study provided suitable habitat for Henslow's Sparrows. Other investigators have drawn similar conclusions for Henslow's Sparrows and for grassland birds in general, with the structural characteristics and, for some species, the size of grasslands being more important for grassland birds than plant species composition. C1 [Jaster, Levi; Jensen, William E.] Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Forbes, Andrew R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Great Lakes Reg Joint Ven, MBSP, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. RP Jensen, WE (reprint author), Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Campus Box 4050,1200 Commercial St, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. EM wjensen1@emporia.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [301819G088] FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant Agreement No. 301819G088) for the initial funding of this research and a supplemental grant. For access to and use of the Mora, W. R. Kearn, and Bryson's Hope Conservation Areas, we thank the MDC. We also thank the Missouri Prairie Foundation for the use of the Brun Conservation Area. We owe S. Cooper many thanks for his always enthusiastic support and loan of equipment. We thank our field technicians, K. Pickett, J. Fowler, and K. Waag, for all their hard work. We also thank the many volunteers who assisted with field work. All procedures were approved by Emporia State University's Animal Care and Use Committee. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1111/jofo.12030 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 204ZR UT WOS:000323410300002 ER PT J AU Newell, FL Sheehan, J Wood, PB Rodewald, AD Buehler, DA Keyser, PD Larkin, JL Beachy, TA Bakermans, MH Boves, TJ Evans, A George, GA McDermott, ME Perkins, KA White, MB Wigley, TB AF Newell, Felicity L. Sheehan, James Wood, Petra Bohall Rodewald, Amanda D. Buehler, David A. Keyser, Patrick D. Larkin, Jeffrey L. Beachy, Tiffany A. Bakermans, Marja H. Boves, Than J. Evans, Andrea George, Gregory A. McDermott, Molly E. Perkins, Kelly A. White, Matthew B. Wigley, T. Bently TI Comparison of point counts and territory mapping for detecting effects of forest management on songbirds SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACI analysis; bird surveys; density; detection probability; distance sampling ID DISTANCE SAMPLING SURVEYS; BIRD ABUNDANCE; FIELD-EVALUATION; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; CERULEAN WARBLERS; POPULATION-SIZE; DENSITY; ACCURACY; HABITAT AB Point counts are commonly used to assess changes in bird abundance, including analytical approaches such as distance sampling that estimate density. Point-count methods have come under increasing scrutiny because effects of detection probability and field error are difficult to quantify. For seven forest songbirds, we compared fixed-radii counts (50 m and 100 m) and density estimates obtained from distance sampling to known numbers of birds determined by territory mapping. We applied point-count analytic approaches to a typical forest management question and compared results to those obtained by territory mapping. We used a before-after control impact (BACI) analysis with a data set collected across seven study areas in the central Appalachians from 2006 to 2010. Using a 50-m fixed radius, variance in error was at least 1.5 times that of the other methods, whereas a 100-m fixed radius underestimated actual density by >3 territories per 10 ha for the most abundant species. Distance sampling improved accuracy and precision compared to fixed-radius counts, although estimates were affected by birds counted outside 10-ha units. In the BACI analysis, territory mapping detected an overall treatment effect for five of the seven species, and effects were generally consistent each year. In contrast, all point-count methods failed to detect two treatment effects due to variance and error in annual estimates. Overall, our results highlight the need for adequate sample sizes to reduce variance, and skilled observers to reduce the level of error in point-count data. Ultimately, the advantages and disadvantages of different survey methods should be considered in the context of overall study design and objectives, allowing for trade-offs among effort, accuracy, and power to detect treatment effects. C1 [Newell, Felicity L.; Rodewald, Amanda D.; Bakermans, Marja H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Terr Wildlife Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sheehan, James; George, Gregory A.; McDermott, Molly E.; Perkins, Kelly A.] W Virginia Univ, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Buehler, David A.; Keyser, Patrick D.; Beachy, Tiffany A.; Boves, Than J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Larkin, Jeffrey L.; Evans, Andrea; White, Matthew B.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Wigley, T. Bently] NCASI Inc, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Perkins, Kelly A.] New York Nat Heritage Program, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Newell, FL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Terr Wildlife Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM felicity.newell@gmail.com RI Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016 OI Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service Monongahela and Daniel Boone National Forests; MeadWestvaco Corporation; Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; Ohio Division of Wildlife through the USFWS State Wildlife Grant Program; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA); University of Tennessee Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; Nature Conservancy through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Planning; TWRA; West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) Wildlife Diversity Program; U.S. Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; IACUC protocols from Ohio State University [2004A0047, 2007A0015, 2010A0003]; West Virginia University [04-0302, 07-0303]; University of Tennessee [561] FX We thank our funding sources, including the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service Monongahela and Daniel Boone National Forests, MeadWestvaco Corporation, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Ohio Division of Wildlife through the USFWS State Wildlife Grant Program, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The Nature Conservancy through a USFWS Habitat Conservation Planning grant with TWRA, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) Wildlife Diversity Program, and U.S. Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This research was conducted on USFS Daniel Boone and Monongahela National Forests, on public lands owned by TWRA and WVDNR, and on private lands owned by Forest Land Group/Wagner Forest Management and MeadWestvaco. We appreciate the cooperation of these agencies/groups and the assistance of their forest management personnel with study site selection, design of harvesting treatments, and especially implementation of harvests. We thank cooperating universities: Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, University of Tennessee, and West Virginia University. The authors thank numerous field assistants for data collection and I. Ausprey for assistance with the BACI analysis. G. Colorado, D. Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. This study was completed under the auspices of IACUC protocols from Ohio State University (#2004A0047, 2007A0015, and 2010A0003), West Virginia University (#04-0302, 07-0303), and University of Tennessee (# 561). Use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 BP 270 EP 286 DI 10.1111/jofo.12026 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 204ZR UT WOS:000323410300006 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Gesmundo, CF Johnson, MK Fish, AC Lehman, JA Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Gesmundo, Callie F. Johnson, Michael K. Fish, Alexander C. Lehman, Justin A. Andersen, David E. TI Radio-transmitters do not affect seasonal productivity of female Golden-winged Warblers SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methods; nest success; post-fledging survival; songbird; transmitter effect; Vermivora chrysoptera ID SMALL PASSERINES; NEST SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; PARASITISM; ATTACHMENT; COWBIRDS; THRUSHES; SONGBIRD; HARNESS; DESIGN AB Investigating the potential effects of handling and marking techniques on study animals is important for correct interpretation of research results and to effect progress in data-collection methods. Few investigators have compared the reproductive output of radio-tagged and non-radio-tagged songbirds, and no one to date has examined the possible effect of radio-tagging adult songbirds on the survival of their fledglings. In 2011 and 2012, we compared several parameters of reproductive output of two groups of female Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) breeding in Minnesota, including 45 females with radio-transmitters and 73 females we did not capture, handle, or mark. We found no difference between groups in clutch sizes, hatching success, brood sizes, length of incubation and nestling stages, fledging success, number of fledglings, or survival of fledglings to independence. Thus, radio-tags had no measurable impact on the productivity of female Golden-winged Warblers. Our results build upon previous studies where investigators have reported no effects of radio-tagging on the breeding parameters of songbirds by also demonstrating no effect of radio-tagging through the post-fledging period and, therefore, the entire breeding season. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.; Gesmundo, Callie F.; Johnson, Michael K.; Fish, Alexander C.; Lehman, Justin A.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streby@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [87] FX These data were collected during a project funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources through Research Work Order No 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and a State Wildlife Grant. We captured, handled, banded, and harnessed radio-transmitters to birds following IACUC Protocol #1004A80575, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and under Federal Banding Permit #21631 (D. Andersen). We thank M. McDowell, W. Ford, W. Brininger, W. Faber, and J. Loegering for use of equipment and logistical support. We are grateful to N. Anich, J. Refsnider, three anonymous reviewers, and G. Ritchison for constructive comments on the manuscript, and to R. Carr, L. Deets, J. Feura, R. Franta, A. Jensen, T. McAllister, R. Poole, A. Rehmann, J. Refsnider, R. Refsnider, and E. Sinnot for assistance with field data collection. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the USGS or the University of Minnesota. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1111/jofo.12032 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 204ZR UT WOS:000323410300010 ER PT J AU Stephen, BJ Allen, CR Chaine, NM Fricke, KA Haak, DM Hellman, ML Kill, RA Nemec, KT Pope, KL Smeenk, NA Uden, DR Unstad, KM VanderHam, AE Wong, A AF Stephen, Bruce J. Allen, Craig R. Chaine, Noelle M. Fricke, Kent A. Haak, Danielle M. Hellman, Michelle L. Kill, Robert A. Nemec, Kristine T. Pope, Kevin L. Smeenk, Nicholas A. Uden, Daniel R. Unstad, Kody M. VanderHam, Ashley E. Wong, Alec TI Fecundity of the Chinese mystery snail in a Nebraska reservoir SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bellamya chinensis; freshwater snail; non-indigenous species; invasive species; annual fecundity ID NORTH-AMERICA; VIVIPARIDAE; POPULATION; GASTROPODA; PROSOBRANCHIA; CHINENSIS; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS AB The Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) is a non-indigenous, invasive species in freshwater ecosystems of North America. We provide fecundity estimates for a population of these snails in a Nebraska reservoir. We dissected 70 snails, of which 29 were females. Nearly all female snails contained developing young, with an average of 25 young per female. Annual fecundity was estimated at between 27.2 and 33.3 young per female per year. Based on an estimated adult population and the calculated fecundity, the annual production for this reservoir was between 2.2 and 3.7 million young. C1 [Stephen, Bruce J.; Allen, Craig R.; Chaine, Noelle M.; Fricke, Kent A.; Haak, Danielle M.; Hellman, Michelle L.; Kill, Robert A.; Nemec, Kristine T.; Pope, Kevin L.; Smeenk, Nicholas A.; Uden, Daniel R.; Unstad, Kody M.; VanderHam, Ashley E.; Wong, Alec] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chaine, Noelle M.; Fricke, Kent A.; Haak, Danielle M.; Hellman, Michelle L.; Kill, Robert A.; Nemec, Kristine T.; Smeenk, Nicholas A.; Uden, Daniel R.; Unstad, Kody M.; VanderHam, Ashley E.; Wong, Alec] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stephen, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bstephen@mac.com RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU U. S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; NSF IGERT [DGE-0903469] FX We thank Dr. Rodney Robichaud for providing comments to an earlier version of this paper. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. This research was supported in part by an NSF IGERT GrantNo. DGE-0903469. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1080/02705060.2013.769127 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 202TH UT WOS:000323242000012 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Lahm, PW Fitch, MJ Broughton, M AF O'Neill, Susan M. Lahm, Peter W. Fitch, Mark J. Broughton, Mike TI Summary and analysis of approaches linking visual range, PM2.5 concentrations, and air quality health impact indices for wildfires SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Several U.S. state and tribal agencies and other countries have implemented a methodology developed in the arid intermountain western U.S. where short-term (1- to 3-hr) particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) concentrations are estimated from an observed visual range (VR) measurement. This PM2.5 concentration estimate is then linked to a public health warning scale to inform the public about potential health impacts from smoke from wildfire. This methodology is often used where monitoring data do not exist (such as many rural areas). This work summarizes the various approaches, highlights the potential for wildfire smoke impact messaging conflicts at state and international borders, and highlights the need to define consistent short-term health impact category breakpoint categories. Is air quality unhealthy when 1- to 3-hr PM2.5 is 139 mu g/m(3) as specified in the Wildfire Smoke, A Guide for Public Health Officials? Or is air quality unhealthy when 1- to 3-hr PM2.5 is 88.6 g/m(3) as specified in the Montana categorizations? This work then examines the relationship between visual range and PM2.5 concentrations using data from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) program and the IMPROVE extinction coefficient (ext) equation to simulate an atmosphere dominated by smoke for sites in the arid intermountain western U.S. and great plains. This was accomplished by rearranging the ext equation to solve for organic mass as a function of VR. The results show that PM2.5 and VR are related by PM2.5 = 622 * VR-0.98 with a correlation of 0.99 and that at low VR values (<10 km) a small change in VR results in a large change in PM2.5 concentrations. The results also show that relative humidity and the presence of hygroscopic pollutants from sources other than fire can change the VR/PM2.5 relationships, especially at PM2.5 concentrations less than approximately 90 mu g/m(3). Implications: This work illustrates the limitations of current approaches linking VR, PM2.5 concentrations, and air quality health impact indices. It is the first published summary of known VR/PM2.5/health impact approaches nationally and internationally and the first application of the IMPROVE data and extinction coefficient equation to investigate these approaches scientifically for smoke-filled atmospheres. These VR/PM2.5/health impact indices are used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations when monitoring data are not available in order to inform the public during periods of wildfire smoke impacts. This work also offers discussion points to inform future work. C1 [O'Neill, Susan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Seattle, WA 98116 USA. [Lahm, Peter W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Fitch, Mark J.] Natl Pk Serv, Boise, ID USA. [Broughton, Mike] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98116 USA. EM smoneill@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) project "Sub-canopy Transport and Dispersion of Smoke: A Unique Observation Dataset and Model Evaluation" [09-1-04-2] FX The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Smoke Committee (SmoC) provided the impetus for this work and the authors thank the SmoC for their insightful and spirited discussions on this topic. The authors also thank John Coefield and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality for discussing the original development of this methodology. The authors also want to thank visibility experts Bill Malm, Scott Copeland, and Bret Schichtel for providing their insights and expertise. Finally, the authors thank the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) project "Sub-canopy Transport and Dispersion of Smoke: A Unique Observation Dataset and Model Evaluation" (project #09-1-04-2) for supporting the publication of this work. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1083 EP 1090 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.806275 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202UL UT WOS:000323245000010 PM 24151683 ER PT J AU Zylstra, ER Steidl, RJ Jones, CA Averill-Murray, RC AF Zylstra, Erin R. Steidl, Robert J. Jones, Cristina A. Averill-Murray, Roy C. TI Spatial and temporal variation in survival of a rare reptile: a 22-year study of Sonoran desert tortoises SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Climate change; Demography; Drought; Gopherus morafkai ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOJAVE DESERT; POPULATION VIABILITY; MARKED ANIMALS; COMMUNITY; ARIZONA; LIZARD; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION AB Although many species may be vulnerable to changes in climate, forecasting species-level responses can be challenging given the array of physiological, behavioral, and demographic attributes that might be affected. One strategy to improve forecasts is to evaluate how species responded to climatic variation in the past. We used 22 years of capture-recapture data for Sonoran desert tortoises (Gopherus morafkai) collected from 15 locations across their geographic range in Arizona to evaluate how environmental factors affected spatial and temporal variation in survival. Although rates of annual survival were generally high ( = 0.92), survival of adults decreased with drought severity, especially in portions of their range that were most arid and nearest to cities. In three locations where large numbers of carcasses from marked tortoises were recovered, survival of adults was markedly lower during periods of severe drought ( = 0.77-0.81) compared to all other periods ( = 0.93-0.98). Assuming continued levels of dependency of humans on fossil fuels, survival of adult tortoises is predicted to decrease by an average of 3 % during 2035-2060 relative to survival during 1987-2008 in 14 of the 15 populations we studied. This decrease could reduce persistence of tortoise populations, especially in arid portions of their range. Temporal and spatial variation in drought conditions are important determinants of survival in adult desert tortoises. C1 [Zylstra, Erin R.; Steidl, Robert J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jones, Cristina A.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Averill-Murray, Roy C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. RP Zylstra, ER (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ezylstra@email.arizona.edu OI Averill-Murray, Roy/0000-0002-4424-2269 FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; Bureau of Land Management FX This project was funded primarily by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and the Bureau of Land Management. We thank A. Owens and T. Jones, who provided logistical support at the Arizona Game and Fish Department; A. P. Woodman, who led field efforts in most years of the study and provided information regarding survey methods; and countless others for their efforts in the field and other support over the 22-year study period. S. Campbell and F. Janzen provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions provided in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2013 VL 173 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2464-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206FO UT WOS:000323504300010 PM 23011852 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Duszynski, DW Fisher, RN Austin, CC AF McAllister, Chris T. Duszynski, Donald W. Fisher, Robert N. Austin, Christopher C. TI A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Carlia spp. (Sauria: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPTILIA SCINCIDAE; LIZARDS; SKINK; COCCIDIA; AUSTRALIA; REVISION AB A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from rainbow skinks, Carlia ailanpalai Zug and Carlia eothen Zug is described from specimens collected in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Oocysts of Eimeria zugi n. sp. from one of one (100%) C. eothen are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal, with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall, measure 25.1 x 15.5 mu m and have a length/width ratio of 1.6. The micropyle and the oocyst residuum are absent, but a polar granule is present. The sporocysts are ovoidal to ellipsoidal and 10.3 x 7.1 mu m in size and do not contain Stieda, sub-Stieda or para-Stieda bodies; and the sporocyst residuum is composed of a compact mass of large globules. The sporozoites are elongate, 12.8 x 2.9 mu m in size, and contain anterior and posterior refractile bodies with a nucleus between them. This is the ninth species of coccidium described from skinks from PNG, and the new species described herein is apparently endemic to the skink genus Carlia (Gray). C1 [McAllister, Chris T.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Duszynski, Donald W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu FU IBN [9311139]; DEB [1146033] FX We thank the late Steve J. Upton (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA) for technical assistance, and Scott L. Gardner (Manter Parasite Collection, Lincoln, NE, USA) for parasitological training of RNF. Further appreciation is extended to Patricia A. Pilitt (USNPC) for expert curatorial assistance. The PNG Department of Environment and Conservation supplied export permits to CCA for the lizard and parasite collections. This work was funded in part by IBN 9311139 and DEB 1146033 to CCA. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 EI 1573-5192 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 86 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11230-013-9429-4 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 203BK UT WOS:000323265000004 PM 23949649 ER PT J AU Barrett, K Valentim, J Turner, BL AF Barrett, Kirsten Valentim, Judson Turner, B. L., II TI Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures SO URBAN ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORAGE GRASSES; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; FOREST DEGRADATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; DEFORESTATION; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; FIRE; REHABILITATION; FRAGMENTATION AB Deforestation is responsible for a substantial fraction of global carbon emissions and changes in surface energy budgets that affect climate. Deforestation losses include wildlife and human habitat, and myriad forest products on which rural and urban societies depend for food, fiber, fuel, fresh water, medicine, and recreation. Ecosystem services gained in the transition from forests to pasture and croplands, however, are often ignored in assessments of the impact of land cover change. The role of converted lands in tropical areas in terms of carbon uptake and storage is largely unknown. Pastures represent the fastest-growing form of converted land use in the tropics, even in some areas of rapid urban expansion. Tree biomass stored in these areas spans a broad range, depending on tree cover. Trees in pasture increase carbon storage, provide shade for cattle, and increase productivity of forage material. As a result, increasing fractional tree cover can provide benefits land managers as well as important ecosystem services such as reducing conversion pressure on forests adjacent to pastures. This study presents an estimation of fractional tree cover in pasture in a dynamic region on the verge of large-scale land use change. An appropriate sampling interval is established for similar studies, one that balances the need for independent samples of sufficient number to characterize a pasture in terms of fractional tree cover. This information represents a useful policy tool for government organizations and NGOs interested in encouraging ecosystem services on converted lands. Using high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery, fractional tree cover in pasture is quantified for the municipality of Rio Branco, Brazil. A semivariogram and devolving spatial resolution are employed to determine the coarsest sampling interval that may be used, minimizing effects of spatial autocorrelation. The coarsest sampling interval that minimizes spatial dependence was about 22 m. The area-weighted fractional tree cover for the study area was 1.85 %, corrected for a slight bias associated with the coarser sampling resolution. The pastures sampled for fractional tree cover were divided between 'high' and 'low' tree cover, which may be the result of intentional incorporation of arboreal species in pasture. Further research involving those ranchers that have a higher fractional tree cover may indicate ways to promote the practice on a broader scale in the region. RP Barrett, K (reprint author), USGS Alaska Geog Sci Off, Anchorage, AK USA. EM kbarrett@usgs.gov NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 132 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1083-8155 EI 1573-1642 J9 URBAN ECOSYST JI Urban Ecosyst. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 16 IS 3 BP 573 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s11252-012-0280-1 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 202MK UT WOS:000323220800012 ER PT J AU Bradley, WG Borenstein, AR Nelson, LM Codd, GA Rosen, BH Stommel, EW Cox, PA AF Bradley, Walter G. Borenstein, Amy R. Nelson, Lorene M. Codd, Geoffrey A. Rosen, Barry H. Stommel, Elijah W. Cox, Paul Alan TI Is exposure to cyanobacteria an environmental risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases? SO AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION LA English DT Review DE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BMAA; cyanobacteria; epidemiology; environmental toxicants ID METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE; SCLEROSIS/PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX; TRANSFER-RNA SYNTHETASE; NEUROTOXIC AMINO-ACID; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA; SPORADIC ALS; HUMAN HEALTH; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AB There is a broad scientific consensus that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by gene-environment interactions. Mutations in genes underlying familial ALS (fALS) have been discovered in only 5-10% of the total population of ALS patients. Relatively little attention has been paid to environmental and lifestyle factors that may trigger the cascade of motor neuron death leading to the syndrome of ALS, although exposure to chemicals including lead and pesticides, and to agricultural environments, smoking, certain sports, and trauma have all been identified with an increased risk of ALS. There is a need for research to quantify the relative roles of each of the identified risk factors for ALS. Recent evidence has strengthened the theory that chronic environmental exposure to the neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) produced by cyanobacteria may be an environmental risk factor for ALS. Here we describe methods that may be used to assess exposure to cyanobacteria, and hence potentially to BMAA, namely an epidemiologic questionnaire and direct and indirect methods for estimating the cyanobacterial load in ecosystems. Rigorous epidemiologic studies could determine the risks associated with exposure to cyanobacteria, and if combined with genetic analysis of ALS cases and controls could reveal etiologically important gene-environment interactions in genetically vulnerable individuals. C1 [Bradley, Walter G.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Borenstein, Amy R.] Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tampa, FL USA. [Nelson, Lorene M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth & Res Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Codd, Geoffrey A.] Univ Stirling, Sch Nat Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Rosen, Barry H.] US Geol Survey, Off Reg Execut, Orlando, FL USA. [Stommel, Elijah W.] Geisel Sch Med Dartmouth, Dept Neurol, Hanover, NH USA. [Cox, Paul Alan] Inst Ethnomed, Jackson, WY USA. RP Bradley, WG (reprint author), 6022 Paradise Point Dr, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. EM wbradley@med.miami.edu OI Cox, Paul/0000-0001-6401-2981 FU ALS Recovery Fund FX We thank all the members of the CAUSE-ALS consortium for their contributions to the background work in this review. The members (listed alphabetically) are: Lorraine Backer, Michael Benatar, Amy Borenstein, Kevin Boylan, Walter Bradley, Larry Brand, Jonathan Chipman, Geoffrey Codd, Paul Cox, Andy Dent, Lora Fleming, Stephanie Foster, Jeffrey Henry, Edward Kasarskis, Deborah Mash, Lorene Nelson, Evadnie Rampersaud, Barry Rosen, Clive Sabel, Bill Scott, Christopher Smith, Elijah Stommel, Tuan Vu, Ashok Verma. This work was supported by a grant from the ALS Recovery Fund. NR 129 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 68 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 2167-8421 J9 AMYOTROPH LA SCL FR JI Amyotroph. Lateral Scher. Frontotemp. Degenerat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 14 IS 5-6 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.3109/21678421.2012.750364 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 196NR UT WOS:000322782800001 PM 23286757 ER PT J AU Bushon, RN Francy, DS Gallardo, VJ Lindquist, HDA Villegas, EN Ware, MW AF Bushon, Rebecca N. Francy, Donna S. Gallardo, Vicente J. Lindquist, H. D. Alan Villegas, Eric N. Ware, Michael W. TI Reply to "Ranking Filter Methods for Concentrating Pathogens in Lake Water" SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ADENOVIRUSES; NOROVIRUSES C1 [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Francy, Donna S.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. [Gallardo, Vicente J.; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Villegas, Eric N.; Ware, Michael W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. EM dsfrancy@usgs.gov RI Villegas, Eric/A-7373-2015 OI Villegas, Eric/0000-0002-8059-8588 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 79 IS 17 BP 5420 EP 5421 DI 10.1128/AEM.01559-13 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 197CZ UT WOS:000322828100040 PM 23926087 ER PT J AU Uden, DR Mitchell, RB Allen, CR Guan, QF Mccoy, TD AF Uden, Daniel R. Mitchell, Rob B. Allen, Craig R. Guan, Qingfeng McCoy, Tim D. TI The Feasibility of Producing Adequate Feedstock for Year-Round Cellulosic Ethanol Production in an Intensive Agricultural Fuelshed SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; Maize stover; Cellulosic ethanol; Biomass; Feasibility; Fuelshed ID SWITCHGRASS; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; LAND; COSTS; CORN AB To date, cellulosic ethanol production has not been commercialized in the United States. However, government mandates aimed at increasing second-generation biofuel production could spur exploratory development in the cellulosic ethanol industry. We conducted an in-depth analysis of the fuelshed surrounding a starch-based ethanol plant near York, Nebraska that has the potential for cellulosic ethanol production. To assess the feasibility of supplying adequate biomass for year-round cellulosic ethanol production from residual maize (Zea mays) stover and bioenergy switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) within a 40-km road network service area of the existing ethanol plant, we identified similar to 14,000 ha of marginally productive cropland within the service area suitable for conversion from annual rowcrops to switchgrass and similar to 132,000 ha of maize-enrolled cropland from which maize stover could be collected. Annual maize stover and switchgrass biomass supplies within the 40-km service area could range between 429,000 and 752,000 metric tons (mT). Approximately 140-250 million liters (l) of cellulosic ethanol could be produced, rivaling the current 208 million l annual starch-based ethanol production capacity of the plant. We conclude that sufficient quantities of biomass could be produced from maize stover and switchgrass near the plant to support year-round cellulosic ethanol production at current feedstock yields, sustainable removal rates and bioconversion efficiencies. Modifying existing starch-based ethanol plants in intensive agricultural fuelsheds could increase ethanol output, return marginally productive cropland to perennial vegetation, and remove maize stover from productive cropland to meet feedstock demand. C1 [Uden, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mitchell, Rob B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Guan, Qingfeng] China Univ Geosci, Fac Informat Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [McCoy, Tim D.] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Uden, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM danielruden87@gmail.com FU Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U. S. Geological Survey-Climate Effects Network; U. S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors would like to thank Eric Zach of the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and two anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this manuscript, the Rainwater Basin Joint Venture for providing GIS data, and the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative and U. S. Geological Survey-Climate Effects Network for financial support. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 930 EP 938 DI 10.1007/s12155-013-9311-x PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 197DU UT WOS:000322830400008 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Fellers, GM Kleeman, PM Kuivila, KM AF Smalling, Kelly L. Fellers, Gary M. Kleeman, Patrick M. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Current-use pesticides; Amphibian; Sierra Nevada; Pseudacris regilla; Accumulation ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; RANA-CASCADAE; TOXICITY; TADPOLES; IMPACTS; INSECTICIDES; CONTAMINANTS; ATMOSPHERE; DEPOSITION AB Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 mu g/kg to 235 mg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment. (C) 2013 SETAC C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920; Kleeman, Patrick/0000-0001-6567-3239 FU US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX Field and logistical assistance for this project was provided by J. Orlando and R. Todd (US Geological Survey). Laboratory support and analytical assistance was provided by M. Hladik, K. Jones, M. McWayne, and C. Sanders (US Geological Survey). A special thanks to C. Anderson (US Geological Survey) for his insightful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. Support for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative and the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. This is contribution 441 of the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2026 EP 2034 DI 10.1002/etc.2308 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 189FX UT WOS:000322253800013 PM 23893497 ER PT J AU Golden, HE Knightes, CD Conrads, PA Feaster, TD Davis, GM Benedict, ST Bradley, PM AF Golden, Heather E. Knightes, Christopher D. Conrads, Paul A. Feaster, Toby D. Davis, Gary M. Benedict, Stephen T. Bradley, Paul M. TI CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATERSHED MERCURY EXPORT: A MULTIPLE PROJECTION AND MODEL ANALYSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Watershed analysis; Mercury; Modeling ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; COMMON LOONS; RESOURCES; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS; BASIN; BIOACCUMULATION; AVAILABILITY AB Future shifts in climatic conditions may impact watershed mercury (Hg) dynamics and transport. An ensemble of watershed models was applied in the present study to simulate and evaluate the responses of hydrological and total Hg (THg) fluxes from the landscape to the watershed outlet and in-stream THg concentrations to contrasting climate change projections for a watershed in the southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Simulations were conducted under stationary atmospheric deposition and land cover conditions to explicitly evaluate the effect of projected precipitation and temperature on watershed Hg export (i.e., the flux of Hg at the watershed outlet). Based on downscaled inputs from 2 global circulation models that capture extremes of projected wet (Community Climate System Model, Ver 3 [CCSM3]) and dry (ECHAM4/HOPE-G [ECHO]) conditions for this region, watershed model simulation results suggest a decrease of approximately 19% in ensemble-averaged mean annual watershed THg fluxes using the ECHO climate-change model and an increase of approximately 5% in THg fluxes with the CCSM3 model. Ensemble-averaged mean annual ECHO in-stream THg concentrations increased 20%, while those of CCSM3 decreased by 9% between the baseline and projected simulation periods. Watershed model simulation results using both climate change models suggest that monthly watershed THg fluxes increase during the summer, when projected flow is higher than baseline conditions. The present study's multiple watershed model approach underscores the uncertainty associated with climate change response projections and their use in climate change management decisions. Thus, single-model predictions can be misleading, particularly in developmental stages of watershed Hg modeling. (C) 2013 SETAC C1 [Golden, Heather E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Knightes, Christopher D.; Davis, Gary M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA USA. [Conrads, Paul A.; Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. [Feaster, Toby D.; Benedict, Stephen T.] US Geol Survey, South Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Clemson, SC USA. RP Golden, HE (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM golden.heather@epa.gov NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2165 EP 2174 DI 10.1002/etc.2284 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 189FX UT WOS:000322253800030 PM 23703873 ER PT J AU McCullough, IM Loftin, CS Sader, SA AF McCullough, Ian M. Loftin, Cynthia S. Sader, Steven A. TI Landsat imagery reveals declining clarity of Maine's lakes during 1995-2010 SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Secchi disk; transparency; change detection; New England; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Landsat ID WATER CLARITY; SHIELD LAKES; QUALITY; CHLOROPHYLL; WISCONSIN; IMPACTS AB Water clarity is a strong indicator of regional water quality. Unlike other common water-quality metrics, such as chlorophyll a, total P, or trophic status, clarity can be accurately and efficiently estimated remotely on a regional scale. Satellite-based remote sensing is useful in regions with many lakes where traditional field-sampling techniques may be prohibitively expensive. Repeated sampling of easily accessed lakes can lead to spatially irregular, nonrandom samples of a region. Remote sensing remedies this problem. We applied a remote monitoring protocol we had previously developed for Maine lakes >8 ha based on Landsat satellite data recorded during 1995-2010 to identify spatial and temporal patterns in Maine lake clarity. We focused on the overlapping region of Landsat paths 11 and 12 to increase availability of cloud-free images in August and early September, a period of relative lake stability and seasonal poor-clarity conditions well suited for annual monitoring. We divided Maine into 3 regions (northeastern, south-central, western) based on morphometric and chemical lake features. We found a general decrease in average statewide lake clarity from 4.94 to 4.38 m during 1995-2010. Water clarity ranged from 4 to 6 m during 1995-2010, but it decreased consistently during 2005-2010. Clarity in both the northeastern and western lake regions has decreased from 5.22 m in 1995 to 4.36 and 4.21 m, respectively, in 2010, whereas lake clarity in the south-central lake region (4.50 m) has not changed since 1995. Climate change, timber harvesting, or watershed morphometry may be responsible for regional water-clarity decline. Remote sensing of regional water clarity provides a more complete spatial perspective of lake water quality than existing, interest-based sampling. However, field sampling done under existing monitoring programs can be used to calibrate accurate models designed to estimate water clarity remotely. C1 [McCullough, Ian M.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Sader, Steven A.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP McCullough, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM imccullough@bren.ucsb.edu; cynthia.loftin@maine.edu; sasader@maine.edu FU Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP); University of Maine; US Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This study was made possible through support from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP), the University of Maine, and the US Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Field calibration data were made available by the invaluable efforts of volunteer citizen-scientists throughout Maine since 1970 under the Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program and MDEP. MDEP also provided essential data for lake depth and watershed delineation. Other statewide GIS layers were made available by the Maine Office of GIS. Kasey Legaard, Associate Scientist of Forest Resources at the University of Maine, provided important forest-harvest data and support in image processing. Aram J. K. Calhoun and William Halteman of the University of Maine, 2 anonymous referees, and members of the Freshwater Science editorial staff provided useful comments that improved this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US Government. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 41 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.1899/12-070.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197DB UT WOS:000322828300005 ER PT J AU Goldberg, CS Sepulveda, A Ray, A Baumgardt, J Waits, LP AF Goldberg, Caren S. Sepulveda, Adam Ray, Andrew Baumgardt, Jeremy Waits, Lisette P. TI Environmental DNA as a new method for early detection of New Zealand mudsnails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental DNA; eDNA; early detection; New Zealand mudsnail; Potamopyrgus antipodarum; qPCR ID SNAILS AB Early detection of aquatic invasive species is a critical task for management of aquatic ecosystems. This task is hindered by the difficulty and cost of surveying aquatic systems thoroughly. The New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is a small, invasive parthenogenic mollusk that can reach very high population densities and severely affects ecosystem functioning. To assist in the early detection of this invasive species, we developed and validated a highly sensitive environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) assay. We used a dose-response laboratory experiment to investigate the relationship between New Zealand mudsnail density and eDNA detected through time. We documented that as few as 1 individual in 1.5 L of water for 2 d could be detected with this method, and that eDNA from this species may remain detectable for 21 to 44 d after mudsnail removal. We used the eDNA method to confirm the presence of New Zealand mudsnail eDNA at densities as low as 11 to 144 snails/m(2) in a eutrophic 5th-order river. Combined, these results demonstrate the high potential for eDNA surveys to assist with early detection of a widely distributed invasive aquatic invertebrate. C1 [Goldberg, Caren S.; Baumgardt, Jeremy; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Sepulveda, Adam; Ray, Andrew] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Goldberg, CS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cgoldberg@vandals.uidaho.edu; asepulveda@usgs.gov; andrew_ray@nps.gov; baumgardt@vandals.uidaho.edu; lwaits@uidaho.edu RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This study benefited from discussions with and suggestions from Denise Hawkins and Paul Heimowitz. We also greatly appreciate the help of Christine Moffitt and Amber Barenberg, who provided New Zealand mudsnail expertise and supported our use of the biosecure facility. We thank Maurine Neiman, Mark Dybdahl, and Jon Finger for generously sharing DNA sources of additional haplotypes, Andrew Gygli for laboratory work, and David Stagliano (Montana Natural Heritage Program) for providing co-occurring snail species. We thank Robert Hall and Pauline Kamath for helpful comments on a previous draft of this manuscript and Robert Arkle for collecting stream samples in New Zealand mudsnail negative locations. This project was funded by US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 12 U2 130 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 792 EP 800 DI 10.1899/13-046.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197DB UT WOS:000322828300009 ER PT J AU Malakauskas, DM Willson, SJ Wilzbach, MA Som, NA AF Malakauskas, David M. Willson, Sarah J. Wilzbach, Margaret A. Som, Nicholas A. TI Flow variation and substrate type affect dislodgement of the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ceratomyxa; Parvicapsula; shear; invertebrate drift; flow; Klamath River ID CERATOMYXA-SHASTA NOBLE; NEAR-BED FLOWS; KLAMATH-RIVER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; LOTIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STREAM ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; MARINE AB We quantified microscale flow forces and their ability to entrain the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa, the intermediate host for 2 myxozoan parasites (Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis) that cause substantial mortalities in salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest. In a laboratory flume, we measured the shear stress associated with 2 mean flow velocities and 3 substrates and quantified associated dislodgement of polychaetes, evaluated survivorship of dislodged polychaetes, and observed behavioral responses of the polychaetes in response to increased flow. We used a generalized linear mixed model to estimate the probability of polychaete dislodgement for treatment combinations of velocity (mean flow velocity = 55 cm/s with a shear velocity = 3 cm/s, mean flow velocity = 140 cm/s with a shear velocity = 5 cm/s) and substrate type (depositional sediments and analogs of rock faces and the filamentous alga, Cladophora). Few polychaetes were dislodged at shear velocities <3 cm/s on any substrate. Above this level of shear, probability of dislodgement was strongly affected by both substrate type and velocity. After accounting for substrate, odds of dislodgement were 8x greater at the higher flow. After accounting for velocity, probability of dislodgement was greatest from fine sediments, intermediate from rock faces, and negligible from Cladophora. Survivorship of dislodged polychaetes was high. Polychaetes exhibited a variety of behaviors for avoiding increases in flow, including extrusion of mucus, burrowing into sediments, and movement to lower-flow microhabitats. Our findings suggest that polychaete populations probably exhibit high resilience to flow-mediated disturbances. C1 [Malakauskas, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Willson, Sarah J.] Humboldt State Univ, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM malakaus@msu.edu; swillson@msu.edu; wilzbach@humboldt.edu; nicholas_som@fws.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX We thank P. Mantha for initial consultation on hydraulic principles, M. Lang for additional consultation and for her assistance with the operation of the ADV, M. Reed for fabrication of flumes, J. Strange for assistance in field collection of polychaetes, and D. Maison for drafting the flume diagram. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC FRESWATER SCIENCE PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 862 EP 873 DI 10.1899/12-140.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197DB UT WOS:000322828300014 ER PT J AU Dybala, KE Eadie, JM Gardali, T Seavy, NE Herzog, MP AF Dybala, Kristen E. Eadie, John M. Gardali, Thomas Seavy, Nathaniel E. Herzog, Mark P. TI Projecting demographic responses to climate change: adult and juvenile survival respond differently to direct and indirect effects of weather in a passerine population SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; climate change; direct and indirect effects; juvenile survival; mark-recapture; Palomarin; weather ID CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LARGE HERBIVORES; MARKED ANIMALS; WINTER WEATHER; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; BIRDS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Few studies have quantitatively projected changes in demography in response to climate change, yet doing so can provide important insights into the processes that may lead to population declines and changes in species distributions. Using a long-term mark-recapture data set, we examined the influence of multiple direct and indirect effects of weather on adult and juvenile survival for a population of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in California. We found evidence for a positive, direct effect of winter temperature on adult survival, and a positive, indirect effect of prior rainy season precipitation on juvenile survival, which was consistent with an effect of precipitation on food availability during the breeding season. We used these relationships, and climate projections of significantly warmer and slightly drier winter weather by the year 2100, to project a significant increase in mean adult survival (12-17%) and a slight decrease in mean juvenile survival (4-6%) under the B1 and A2 climate change scenarios. Together with results from previous studies on seasonal fecundity and postfledging survival in this population, we integrated these results in a population model and projected increases in the population growth rate under both climate change scenarios. Our results underscore the importance of considering multiple, direct, and indirect effects of weather throughout the annual cycle, as well as differences in the responses of each life stage to climate change. Projecting demographic responses to climate change can identify not only how populations will be affected by climate change but also indicate the demographic process(es) and specific mechanisms that may be responsible. This information can, in turn, inform climate change adaptation plans, help prioritize future research, and identify where limited conservation resources will be most effectively and efficiently spent. C1 [Dybala, Kristen E.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gardali, Thomas; Seavy, Nathaniel E.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dybala, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kedybala@ucdavis.edu RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011; Dybala, Kristen/P-4629-2015 OI Dybala, Kristen/0000-0002-2787-4600 FU Point Reyes National Seashore; PRBO; PRBO Board of Directors; late Dorothy Hunt; Chevron Corporation; Bernard Osher Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; Karen A. & Kevin W. Kennedy Foundation; Kimball Foundation; DMARLOU Foundation; National Science Foundation [DBI-0533918]; UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology; ARCS Foundation scholarship via Lisa Ludwig Foundation; ARCS Foundation scholarship via Eileen Foundation; National Park Service's G. M. Wright Climate Change Fellowship; American Ornithologists' Union; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment; Selma Herr Fund for Ornithological Research; American Museum of Natural History's F. M. Chapman Memorial Fund; Western Bird Banding Association FX This manuscript benefited from comments by M. Holyoak, J. Ackerman, and anonymous reviewers. We are grateful to L. R. Mewaldt, C. J. Ralph, D. DeSante, and G. R. Geupel for establishing and maintaining long-term monitoring at the Palomarin Field Station, and to the staff and interns for their contributions to data collection and methodologies. The continued operation of the field station has been made possible by the support of the Point Reyes National Seashore, the members of PRBO, the PRBO Board of Directors, the late Dorothy Hunt, the Chevron Corporation, the Bernard Osher Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, the Karen A. & Kevin W. Kennedy Foundation, the Kimball Foundation, the DMARLOU Foundation, a grant from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0533918), and anonymous donors. K. E. Dybala was supported by the UC Davis Graduate Group in Ecology, ARCS Foundation scholarships via the Eileen and Lisa Ludwig Foundation, the National Park Service's G. M. Wright Climate Change Fellowship, the American Ornithologists' Union, the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment, the Selma Herr Fund for Ornithological Research, an Ernest E. Hill Fellowship, the American Museum of Natural History's F. M. Chapman Memorial Fund, and the Western Bird Banding Association. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is PRBO contribution number 1931. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 129 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2688 EP 2697 DI 10.1111/gcb.12228 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196FD UT WOS:000322758000008 PM 23606580 ER PT J AU Pound, KL Lawrence, GB Passy, SI AF Pound, Katrina L. Lawrence, Gregory B. Passy, Sophia I. TI Wetlands serve as natural sources for improvement of stream ecosystem health in regions affected by acid deposition SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidification; aluminum; biodiversity; biofilm; brownification; diatoms; ecological guilds; stream restoration; wetlands ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DIATOM ECOLOGICAL GUILDS; UPLAND WELSH STREAMS; NEW-YORK; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; ADIRONDACK REGION; NORTHERN SWEDEN; BOREAL STREAMS; ANTHROPOGENIC ACIDITY; UNITED-STATES AB For over 40years, acid deposition has been recognized as a serious international environmental problem, but efforts to restore acidified streams and biota have had limited success. The need to better understand the effects of different sources of acidity on streams has become more pressing with the recent increases in surface water organic acids, or brownification,' associated with climate change and decreased inorganic acid deposition. Here, we carried out a large scale multi-seasonal investigation in the Adirondacks, one of the most acid-impacted regions in the United States, to assess how acid stream producers respond to local and watershed influences and whether these influences can be used in acidification remediation. We explored the pathways of wetland control on aluminum chemistry and diatom taxonomic and functional composition. We demonstrate that streams with larger watershed wetlands have higher organic content, lower concentrations of acidic anions, and lower ratios of inorganic to organic monomeric aluminum, all beneficial for diatom biodiversity and guilds producing high biomass. Although brownification has been viewed as a form of pollution, our results indicate that it may be a stimulating force for biofilm producers with potentially positive consequences for higher trophic levels. Our research also reveals that the mechanism of watershed control of local stream diatom biodiversity through wetland export of organic matter is universal in running waters, operating not only in hard streams, as previously reported, but also in acid streams. Our findings that the negative impacts of acid deposition on Adirondack stream chemistry and biota can be mitigated by wetlands have important implications for biodiversity conservation and stream ecosystem management. Future acidification research should focus on the potential for wetlands to improve stream ecosystem health in acid-impacted regions and their direct use in stream restoration, for example, through stream rechanneling or wetland construction in appropriate hydrologic settings. C1 [Pound, Katrina L.; Passy, Sophia I.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Passy, SI (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM sophia.passy@uta.edu FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA); US Geological Survey; Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program [003656-0054-2009] FX We thank Yvonne Baevsky for help with GIS coverages developed by the Adirondack Park Agency, Richard Pound for help in editing the figures, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. This study was supported by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), the US Geological Survey, the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program under Grant No. 003656-0054-2009. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2720 EP 2728 DI 10.1111/gcb.12265 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196FD UT WOS:000322758000011 PM 23704070 ER PT J AU Lu, XT Reed, S Yu, Q He, NP Wang, ZW Han, XG AF Lu, Xiao-Tao Reed, Sasha Yu, Qiang He, Nian-Peng Wang, Zheng-Wen Han, Xing-Guo TI Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological stoichiometry; foliar nutrient concentration; intraspecific variation; nitrogen addition; nutrient resorption; plant-soil feedback; resorption ratio; temperate steppe ID NUTRIENT RESORPTION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INNER-MONGOLIA; LIMITATION; DEPOSITION; AVAILABILITY; STOICHIOMETRY; PROFICIENCY; PATTERNS; PLANTS AB Human activities have significantly altered nitrogen (N) availability in most terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences for community composition and ecosystem functioning. Although studies of how changes in N availability affect biodiversity and community composition are relatively common, much less remains known about the effects of N inputs on the coupled biogeochemical cycling of N and phosphorus (P), and still fewer data exist regarding how increased N inputs affect the internal cycling of these two elements in plants. Nutrient resorption is an important driver of plant nutrient economies and of the quality of litter plants produce. Accordingly, resorption patterns have marked ecological implications for plant population and community fitness, as well as for ecosystem nutrient cycling. In a semiarid grassland in northern China, we studied the effects of a wide range of N inputs on foliar nutrient resorption of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis. After 4years of treatments, N and P availability in soil and N and P concentrations in green and senesced grass leaves increased with increasing rates of N addition. Foliar N and P resorption significantly decreased along the N addition gradient, implying a resorption-mediated, positive plant-soil feedback induced by N inputs. Furthermore, N:P resorption ratios were negatively correlated with the rates of N addition, indicating the sensitivity of plant N and P stoichiometry to N inputs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that N additions accelerate ecosystem uptake and turnover of both N and P in the temperate steppe and that N and P cycles are coupled in dynamic ways. The convergence of N and P resorption in response to N inputs emphasizes the importance of nutrient resorption as a pathway by which plants and ecosystems adjust in the face of increasing N availability. C1 [Lu, Xiao-Tao; Yu, Qiang; Wang, Zheng-Wen; Han, Xing-Guo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. [Reed, Sasha] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [He, Nian-Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Han, Xing-Guo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Lu, XT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. EM lvxiaotao@iae.ac.cn RI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/B-3905-2008; Wang, Zhengwen/A-8292-2011; Yu, Qiang/E-2097-2011; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Lu (u), Xiao-Tao/0000-0001-5571-1895; Yu, Qiang/0000-0002-5480-0623; Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [41273094, 41173086, 31170433]; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change [LVEC-2012kf08]; State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology FX We thank Weijun Wu, Qiang Li, and Li Li for assistance with field and laboratory work, the Inner Mongolia Grassland Research Station for accommodations, Amy Concilio, Arianne Cease, and Matthew Simmons for editorial improvements, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41273094, 41173086, and 31170433), the State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change (Grant No. LVEC-2012kf08), and the State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology. Authors declared no conflict of interest. NR 55 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 14 U2 212 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2775 EP 2784 DI 10.1111/gcb.12235 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196FD UT WOS:000322758000016 PM 23625746 ER PT J AU Elliott, DG Applegate, LJ Murray, AL Purcell, MK McKibben, CL AF Elliott, D. G. Applegate, L. J. Murray, A. L. Purcell, M. K. McKibben, C. L. TI Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecular Renibacterium salmoninarum diagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bacteriological culture; diagnostic assays; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent antibody technique; polymerase chain reaction; Renibacterium salmoninarum ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; SALMO-SALAR L; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; BROODSTOCK ATLANTIC SALMON; ALASKAN PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA AB No gold standard assay exhibiting error-free classification of results has been identified for detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of salmonid bacterial kidney disease. Validation of diagnostic assays for R. salmoninarum has been hindered by its unique characteristics and biology, and difficulties in locating suitable populations of reference test animals. Infection status of fish in test populations is often unknown, and it is commonly assumed that the assay yielding the most positive results has the highest diagnostic accuracy, without consideration of misclassification of results. In this research, quantification of R. salmoninarum in samples by bacteriological culture provided a standardized measure of viable bacteria to evaluate analytical performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and repeatability) of non-culture assays in three matrices (phosphate-buffered saline, ovarian fluid and kidney tissue). Non-culture assays included polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct smear fluorescent antibody technique (FAT), membrane-filtration FAT, nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and three real-time quantitative PCR assays. Injection challenge of specific pathogen-free Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), with R. salmoninarum was used to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results did not identify a single assay demonstrating the highest analytical and diagnostic performance characteristics, but revealed strengths and weaknesses of each test. C1 [Elliott, D. G.; Applegate, L. J.; Murray, A. L.; Purcell, M. K.; McKibben, C. L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dgelliott@usgs.gov RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014; OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2004.573]; US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Project 2004.573) and by the US Geological Survey. We acknowledge the assistance of employees of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, especially Susan Marcquenski and employees of the Wild Rose Hatchery. We also appreciate the assistance of Mike Wilson and the employees at The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Soos Creek Hatchery. We thank the sources of the R. salmoninarum isolates, listed in Table 2. The technical assistance of Sacha Mosterd, Dorothy Chase, Samantha Badil, James Woodson, Tera Matson and Christine Nguyen was crucial to completion of this research. The critical reviews of the manuscript by James Winton (US Geological Survey) and Kimberly True (US Fish and Wildlife Service) were appreciated. The mention of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Geological Survey or the Department of the Interior of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 132 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 36 IS 9 BP 779 EP 809 DI 10.1111/jfd.12079 PG 31 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 197XH UT WOS:000322885400004 PM 23346868 ER PT J AU Anemaet, ER Middleton, BA AF Anemaet, Evelyn R. Middleton, Beth A. TI DENDROMETER BANDS MADE EASY: USING MODIFIED CABLE TIES TO MEASURE INCREMENTAL GROWTH OF TREES SO APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE baldcypress; dendrometer band; diameter; growth increment ID STEM SIZE; FOREST AB Premise of the study: Dendrometer bands are a useful way to make sequential repeated measurements of tree growth, but traditional dendrometer bands can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to construct in the field. An alternative to the traditional method of band construction is to adapt commercially available materials. This paper describes how to construct and install dendrometer bands using smooth-edged, stainless steel, cable tie banding and attachable rollerball heads. Methods and Results: As a performance comparison, both traditional and cable tie dendrometer bands were installed on baldcypress trees at the National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana, by both an experienced and a novice worker. Band installation times were recorded, and growth of the trees as estimated by the two band types was measured after approximately one year, demonstrating equivalence of the two methods. Conclusions: This efficient approach to dendrometer band construction can help advance the knowledge of long-term tree growth in ecological studies. C1 [Anemaet, Evelyn R.] Five Rivers Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Anemaet, ER (reprint author), Five Rivers Serv Inc, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM anemaete@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 FU U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Program FX Funding for this project came from the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 2168-0450 J9 APPL PLANT SCI JI Appl. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 1 IS 9 AR 1300044 DI 10.3732/apps.1300044 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AQ1QY UT WOS:000342557300010 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Alexander, LV Allen, MR Anel, JA Barriopedro, D Black, MT Carey-Smith, T Castillo, R Cattiaux, J Chen, XL Chen, XY Chevallier, M Christidis, N Ciavarella, A de Vries, H Dean, SM Deans, K Diffenbaugh, NS Doblas-Reyes, F Donat, MG Dong, B Eilerts, G Funk, C Galu, G Garcia-Herrera, R Germe, A Gill, S Gimeno, L Guemas, V Herring, SC Hoell, A Hoerling, MP Huntingford, C Husak, G Imada, Y Ishii, M Karoly, DJ Kimoto, M King, AD Knutson, TR Lewis, SC Lin, RP Lyon, B Massey, N Mazza, E Michaelsen, J Mollard, J Mori, M Mote, PW Nieto, R Otto, FEL Park, J Perkins, SE Rosier, S Rowland, J Rupp, DE Salas y Melia, D Scherer, M Shiogama, H Shukla, S Song, FF Sparrow, S Scott, PA Sutton, R Sweet, W Tett, SFB Trigo, RM van Oldenborgh, GJ van Westrhenen, R Verdin, J Watanabe, M Wittenberg, AT Woollings, T Yiou, P Zeng, FR Zervas, C Zhang, R Zhou, TJ AF Peterson, Thomas C. Alexander, Lisa V. Allen, Myles R. Anel, Juan A. Barriopedro, David Black, Mitchell T. Carey-Smith, Trevor Castillo, Rodrigo Cattiaux, Julien Chen, Xiaolong Chen, Xianyan Chevallier, Matthieu Christidis, Nikolaos Ciavarella, Andrew de Vries, Hylke Dean, Sam M. Deans, Kirsten Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Donat, Markus G. Dong, Buwen Eilerts, Gary Funk, Chris Galu, Gideon Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo Germe, Agathe Gill, Stephen Gimeno, Luis Guemas, Virginie Herring, Stephanie C. Hoell, Andrew Hoerling, Martin P. Huntingford, Chris Husak, Greg Imada, Yukiko Ishii, Masayoshi Karoly, David J. Kimoto, Masahide King, Andrew D. Knutson, Thomas R. Lewis, Sophie C. Lin, Renping Lyon, Bradfield Massey, Neil Mazza, Edoardo Michaelsen, Joel Mollard, James Mori, Masato Mote, Philip W. Nieto, Raquel Otto, Friederike E. L. Park, Joseph Perkins, Sarah E. Rosier, Suzanne Rowland, James Rupp, David E. Salas y Melia, David Scherer, Martin Shiogama, Hideo Shukla, Shraddhanand Song, Fengfei Sparrow, Sarah Scott, Peter A. Sutton, Rowan Sweet, William Tett, Simon F. B. Trigo, Ricardo Machado van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan van Westrhenen, Rudolf Verdin, James Watanabe, Masahiro Wittenberg, Andrew T. Woollings, Tim Yiou, Pascal Zeng, Fanrong Zervas, Chris Zhang, Rong Zhou, Tianjun TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2012 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; HURRICANE SURGE THREAT; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HEAT WAVES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT-PLAINS; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Allen, Myles R.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England. [Allen, Myles R.; Massey, Neil; Rosier, Suzanne; Sparrow, Sarah] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Massey, Neil] Univ Oxford, Smith Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Castillo, Rodrigo; Gimeno, Luis; Nieto, Raquel] Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, EPhysLab, Orense, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, Dto Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] IGEO CSIC UCM, Inst Geociencias, Madrid, Spain. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Carey-Smith, Trevor; Dean, Sam M.; Rosier, Suzanne] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Cattiaux, Julien] UMR CNRS Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Chen, Xiaolong; Lin, Renping; Song, Fengfei; Zhou, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianyan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Etude Atmosphere Meteorol, Meteo, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] CNRS, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu] MERCATOR OCEAN, Toulouse, France. [Christidis, Nikolaos; Ciavarella, Andrew; Scott, Peter A.] Met Office Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [de Vries, Hylke; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; van Westrhenen, Rudolf] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Deans, Kirsten; Mazza, Edoardo; Mollard, James; Tett, Simon F. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA USA. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco; Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Dong, Buwen; Sutton, Rowan; Woollings, Tim] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Eilerts, Gary] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Funk, Chris; Hoell, Andrew; Husak, Greg; Michaelsen, Joel; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Galu, Gideon] FEWS NET, Climate Hazards Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gill, Stephen; Park, Joseph; Sweet, William; Zervas, Chris] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv COOPS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Huntingford, Chris] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Imada, Yukiko; Kimoto, Masahide; Mori, Masato; Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. [Knutson, Thomas R.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lyon, Bradfield] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Mote, Philip W.; Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Otto, Friederike E. L.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Shiogama, Hideo] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Trigo, Ricardo Machado] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, IDL, Lisbon, Portugal. [Verdin, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Yiou, Pascal] CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR 8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Yiou, Pascal] IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mollard, James] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov RI Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Sparrow, Sarah/D-7905-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; renping, lin/B-8432-2017; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/O-5042-2015; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Shiogama, Hideo/B-9598-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014 OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Sparrow, Sarah/0000-0002-1802-6909; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; renping, lin/0000-0003-2050-9413; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/0000-0001-9443-4915; Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Shiogama, Hideo/0000-0001-5476-2148; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X; Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; NR 235 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 11 U2 63 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP S1 EP S74 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1 PG 74 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227SQ UT WOS:000325135100001 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Semmens, DJ Waage, S Winthrop, R AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Semmens, Darius J. Waage, Sissel Winthrop, Robert TI A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article DE Decision support; Ecosystem services; Modeling; Valuation; Comparative tools assessment AB To enter widespread use, ecosystem service assessments need to be quantifiable, replicable, credible, flexible, and affordable. With recent growth in the field of ecosystem services, a variety of decision-support tools has emerged to support more systematic ecosystem services assessment. Despite the growing complexity of the tool landscape, thorough reviews of tools for identifying, assessing, modeling and in some cases monetarily valuing ecosystem services have generally been lacking. In this study, we describe 17 ecosystem services tools and rate their performance against eight evaluative criteria that gauge their readiness for widespread application in public- and private-sector decision making. We describe each of the tools intended uses, services modeled, analytical approaches, data requirements, and outputs, as well time requirements to run seven tools in a first comparative concurrent application of multiple tools to a common location - the San Pedro River watershed in southeast Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora, Mexico. Based on this work, we offer conclusions about these tools' current 'readiness' for widespread application within both public- and private-sector decision making processes. Finally, we describe potential pathways forward to reduce the resource requirements for running ecosystem services models, which are essential to facilitate their more widespread use in environmental decision making. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Waage, Sissel] BSR, San Francisco, CA USA. [Winthrop, Robert] USDI Bur Land Management, Socioecon Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kjbagstad@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Interior-Bureau of Land Management; BSR FX This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Interior-Bureau of Land Management and BSR. We thank Torn Dabbs, District Manager of the BLM Gila District for approving and supporting this project, Jim Boyd, Frank Casey, Billy Gascoigne, and Lynne Koontz provided guidance on ecosystem services valuation and reviewed project documents. Dave Goodrich, Delilah Jaworski, Joel Larson, Malka Pattison, and Mark Kekshynskyj provided assistance with project scoping and technical review throughout the project. Bill Labiosa provided constructive feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank a stakeholder group and expert review panel that assisted with project scoping and model review, respectively. For a full list of contributors to these groups, see the supporting online material, Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 13 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 BP E27 EP E39 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V41BD UT WOS:000209520800004 ER PT J AU Bagstad, KJ Semmens, DJ Winthrop, R AF Bagstad, Kenneth J. Semmens, Darius J. Winthrop, Robert TI Comparing approaches to spatially explicit ecosystem service modeling: A case study from the San Pedro River, Arizona SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article DE Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) Ecosystem services; Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST); Modeling; Riparian; Semiarid AB Although the number of ecosystem service modeling tools has grown in recent years, quantitative comparative studies of these tools have been lacking. In this study, we applied two leading open-source, spatially explicit ecosystem services modeling tools - Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) - to the San Pedro River watershed in southeast Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora, Mexico. We modeled locally important services that both modeling systems could address - carbon, water, and scenic viewsheds. We then applied managerially relevant scenarios for urban growth and mesquite management to quantify ecosystem service changes. InVEST and ARIES use different modeling approaches and ecosystem services metrics; for carbon, metrics were more similar and results were more easily comparable than for viewsheds or water. However, findings demonstrate similar gains and losses of ecosystem services and conclusions when comparing effects across our scenarios. Results were more closely aligned for landscape-scale urban-growth scenarios and more divergent for a site-scale mesquite-management scenario. Follow-up studies, including testing in different geographic contexts, can improve our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these and other ecosystem services modeling tools as they move closer to readiness for supporting day-to-day resource management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Winthrop, Robert] USDI Bur Land Management, Socioecon Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Bagstad, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kjbagstad@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 BP E40 EP E50 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.007 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V41BD UT WOS:000209520800005 ER PT J AU Fries, JN Gibson, R AF Fries, Joe N. Gibson, Randy TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON CAPTIVE-BRED DEVILS RIVER MINNOWS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Twelve pairs of captive-bred Devils River minnows, Dionda diaboli, were each held at 21, 24, and 27 degrees C, as were a total of 236 of their offspring, for <= 252 days to test the effects of temperature on survival, growth, and reproduction. We found no significant difference in survival. Growth rate (millimeters per day) for adults was about two times higher at 21 degrees C than at 24 or 27 degrees C while, for offspring, it was significantly higher at 21 and 24 degrees C than at 27 degrees C. The weekly number of reproductions (per pair per week, 0 or 1) was significantly higher for fish held at 24 degrees C than for fish held at 21 or 27 degrees C. These results further support the importance of flow of springs as a necessary component for survival of this federally threatened species. C1 [Fries, Joe N.; Gibson, Randy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Resources Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Fries, JN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Resources Ctr, 500 East McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM jnfries@centurytel.net FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service [TE676811]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [SPR-0390-045] FX We thank A. Monroe for help in collecting data for this study. We also thank M. Alexander, T. Brandt, G. Garrett, C. Phillips, M. Montagne, J. Fowler-Propst, and several anonymous reviewers for reviewing proposals and drafts and T. Ryan for the resumen. The project was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (threatened and endangered species permit TE676811) and was conducted under Texas Parks and Wildlife Department scientific permit SPR-0390-045. Use of trade names or mention of specific companies does not imply endorsement of these companies or their products. Views presented here do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 58 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V37ZE UT WOS:000209312900007 ER PT J AU Webber, PA AF Webber, P. Aaron TI JUVENILE RAZORBACK SUCKERS DOCUMENTED IN WETLANDS IN THE GREEN RIVER, UTAH SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) is a federally-endangered, large-bodied catostomid found in the Green River, Utah, a tributary to the Colorado River. Although populations of adults in the Green River appear to be increasing through stocking, recruitment has been minimal or nonexistent for several decades. Flows in the Green River in 2011 were the fourth highest in 66 years of records. These environmental conditions were favorable for survival of young-of-year razorback suckers. The purpose of this study was to determine if wild young-of-year razorback suckers occurred during fall 2011 in wetlands in the middle Green River; such observations had not been achieved since 1996. Fyke and trammel nets, minnow traps, and seines were used to sample 15 wetlands in the middle Green River (Flaming Gorge to Desolation Canyon). A total of 18 wild juvenile razorback suckers were captured in two of the wetlands. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fish Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Webber, PA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fish Project, 1380 South 2350 West, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. EM aaron_webber@fws.gov FU Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program FX This study was funded by the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. I thank the many employees and volunteers from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Colorado State University Larval Fish Laboratory who helped with fieldwork, laboratory work, and preparation of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 58 IS 3 BP 366 EP 368 DI 10.1894/0038-4909-58.3.366 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V37ZE UT WOS:000209312900014 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S AF DeStefano, Stephen TI Status of Exotic Grasses and Grass-Like Vegetation and Potential Impacts on Wildlife in New England SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE exotic species; graminoids; grasses; grassland birds; invasive species; New England; wetlands AB The Northeastern section of the United States, known as New England, has seen vast changes in land cover and human population over the past 3 centuries. Much of the region is forested; grasslands and other open-land cover types are less common, but provide habitat for many species that are currently declining in abundance and distribution. New England also consists of some of the most densely populated and developed states in the country. The origin, distribution, and spread of exotic species are highly correlated with human development. As such, exotics are common throughout much of New England, including several species of graminoids (grasses and grass-like plants such as sedges and rushes). Several of the more invasive grass species can form expansive dense mats that exclude native plants, alter ecosystem structure and functions, and are perceived to provide little-to-no value as wildlife food or cover. Although little research has been conducted on direct impacts of exotic graminoids on wildlife populations in New England, several studies on the common reed (Phragmites australis) in salt marshes have shown this species to have variable effects as cover for birds and other wildlife, depending on the distribution of the plant (e.g., patches and borders of reeds are used more by wildlife than expansive densely growing stands). Direct impacts of other grasses on wildlife populations are largely unknown. However, many of the invasive graminoid species that are present in New England have the capability of outcompeting native plants and thereby potentially affecting associated fauna. Preservation, protection, and restoration of grassland and open-land cover types are complex but necessary challenges in the region to maintain biological and genetic diversity of grassland, wetland, and other open-land obligate species. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sdestef@eco.umass.edu NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1002/wsb.305 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000005 ER PT J AU Barnes, TG DeMaso, SJ Bahm, MA AF Barnes, Thomas G. DeMaso, Stephen J. Bahm, Matt A. TI The Impact of 3 Exotic, Invasive Grasses in the Southeastern United States on Wildlife SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; cogongrass; Cynodon dactylon; Imperata cylindrica; Schedonorus arundinaceus; south-eastern United States; tall fescue; wildlife AB Little is known about the impacts and effects of exotic, invasive grasses on wildlife in the Southeast United States. We selected 3 species of exotic grasses common to the Southeast and review the literature on their regional distribution, ecosystem impacts, wildlife impacts, and management. These grasses have the potential to harm indigenous wildlife species, such as northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus), that need grasslands with a shrub component for nesting, brood-rearing, and loafing. These exotic, invasive grasses are sod-forming in nature, typically forming dense monotypic stands that provide little bare ground and have low plant species and insect diversity. Furthermore, it appears that wildlife do not prefer to consume these plant species. Control is often difficult and usually requires the use of herbicides in combination with mechanical treatment, such as disking, to provide adequate habitat. Attempts should be encouraged to convert these idle grasslands to a mixture of native grasses and forbs to make stands more suitable for wildlife species. We provide suggestions for future research and management needs regarding exotic, invasive grasses and wildlife in the Southeast United States. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Barnes, Thomas G.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [DeMaso, Stephen J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Bahm, Matt A.] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. RP Barnes, TG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, 214 TP Cooper Bldg,Off 206, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM tbarnes@uky.edu NR 95 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1002/wsb.316 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000006 ER PT J AU Ellis-Felege, SN Dixon, CS Wilson, SD AF Ellis-Felege, Susan N. Dixon, Cami S. Wilson, Scott D. TI Impacts and Management of Invasive Cool-Season Grasses in the Northern Great Plains: Challenges and Opportunities for Wildlife SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bromus inermis; invasive; Kentucky bluegrass; non-native; Northern Great Plains; Poa pratensis; smooth brome AB Grasslands of the Northern Great Plains of North America are in the midst of extensive human-driven loss and redistribution of important species. Invasive plants contribute to degradation of this ecosystem and present monumental challenges for natural resource managers. Widespread decreases in populations of grassland-dependent wildlife, particularly birds, have been documented, but relatively little research has been focused on direct responses of wildlife to invading plants relative to native vegetation. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) are 2 invasive cool-season grass species found across much of the Northern Great Plains that continue to expand despite management actions intended to reduce them. With eradication unlikely, creativity, cooperation, and science-based management (e.g., Adaptive Management) are paramount to protect and restore the integrity of grassland habitats across the Northern Great Plains. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ellis-Felege, Susan N.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Dixon, Cami S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Woodworth, ND 58496 USA. [Wilson, Scott D.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Ellis-Felege, SN (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, 10 Cornell St,Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM susan.felege@email.und.edu NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1002/wsb.321 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000008 ER PT J AU Doherty, KE Ryba, AJ Stemler, CL Niemuth, ND Meeks, WA AF Doherty, Kevin E. Ryba, Adam J. Stemler, Casey L. Niemuth, Neal D. Meeks, William A. TI Conservation Planning in an Era of Change: State of the US Prairie Pothole Region SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conservation; energy development; grasslands; joint venture; landscape conservation; planning; Prairie Pothole Region; wetland ecosystems AB We assessed attainability of landscape-level conservation planning goals in the United States portion of the Prairie Pothole Region by summarizing and analyzing data on status, trends, and potential future of grasslands and wetlands. All published literature and new data analyses consistently indicate declines in grassland and wetland area. When we incorporated time as a conservation planning metric, the importance of seemingly small wetland (0.05-0.57%) and grassland (0.4-1.3%) annual loss rates became apparent. Moreover, we highlighted large differences in the amount of future grassland (30-67%) and wetland (47-93%) resulting from seemingly small changes in loss percentages. Our analyses clearly demonstrate that time, along with current status and trends of target habitat(s), must be incorporated when setting habitat conservation goals, otherwise goals may be unrealistic. Prairie Pothole Joint Venture (PPJV) partners protected an average of 0.20% of the 3.3 million ha extant wetlands and 0.26% of the 10.7 million ha extant grasslands/year. Consequently, PPJV partners cannot reach stated conservation goals given current habitat loss rates unless 1) increased funding is secured for land conservation, 2) landowner interest and acceptance of conservation programs remains high, and 3) wetland and grassland loss rates are decreased via public policy, particularly through agriculture programs, or other mechanisms. Otherwise, PPJV habitat conservation goals, and ultimately species population goals, will need to be reduced accordingly. Our comprehensive assessment may help the PPJV and other landscape-level planning efforts discriminate between goals they would like to attain versus goals they are likely to achieve. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Doherty, Kevin E.; Ryba, Adam J.; Niemuth, Neal D.; Meeks, William A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Stemler, Casey L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80123 USA. RP Doherty, KE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM kevin_doherty@fws.gov FU PPJV Management Board FX We would like to thank K. Forman and S. McLeod for valuable input and insight into this manuscript throughout the entire process. We would like to thank R. Johnson and J. Ringelman for excellent reviews of earlier drafts that greatly improved quality of the manuscript. Comments from 2 anonymous reviewers and the associate editor greatly improved the clarity, presentation, and content of this manuscript. We would like to thank the PPJV technical committee members for an invaluable brain-storming session. We would also like to thank the PPJV Management Board for supporting this project and for comments on the final draft. Lastly, we would like to thank the state partners of the PPJV for providing data on conservation programs. NR 94 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 546 EP 563 DI 10.1002/wsb.284 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000012 ER PT J AU Nelson, MR Andersen, DE AF Nelson, Matthew R. Andersen, David E. TI Do Singing-Ground Surveys Reflect American Woodcock Abundance in the Western Great Lakes Region? SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; Minnesota; Scolopax minor; Singing-ground Survey; western Great Lakes region; Wisconsin AB The Singing-ground Survey (SGS) is the primary monitoring tool used to assess population status and trends of American woodcock (Scolopax minor). Like most broad-scale surveys, the SGS cannot be directly validated because there are no independent estimates of abundance of displaying male American woodcock at an appropriate spatial scale. Furthermore, because locations of individual SGS routes have generally remained stationary since the SGS was standardized in 1968, it is not known whether routes adequately represent the landscapes they were intended to represent. To indirectly validate the SGS, we evaluated whether 1) counts of displaying male American woodcock on SGS routes related to land-cover types known to be related to American woodcock abundance, 2) changes in counts of displaying male American woodcock through time were related to changes in land cover along SGS routes, and 3) land-cover type composition along SGS routes was similar to land-cover type composition of the surrounding landscape. In Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA, counts along SGS routes reflected known American woodcock-habitat relations. Increases in the number of woodcock heard along SGS routes over a 13-year period in Wisconsin were related to increasing amounts of early successional forest, decreasing amounts of mature forest, and increasing dispersion and interspersion of cover types. Finally, the cover types most strongly associated with American woodcock abundance were represented along SGS routes in proportion to their composition of the broader landscape. Taken together, these results suggest that in the western Great Lakes region, the SGS likely provides a reliable tool for monitoring relative abundance and population trends of breeding, male American woodcock. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Nelson, Matthew R.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nelson, MR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mnelson03@gmail.com; dea@umn.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program); U. S. Geological Survey; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Woodcock Minnesota; Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We extend our appreciation to the following individuals for their help with various aspects of this project: J. Kelley for helping to develop the concept for the project and secure funding to support analyses; S. Kelly for providing access to SGS route data and working with us to contact volunteers to verify route locations; K. Parker and R. Rau for providing access to SGS count data; M. Holland for statistical advice and help in developing statistical models; B. Felvold for interpreting aerial photos and classifying land-cover data; T. Engel for providing land-cover data that we used to assess classification and mapping accuracy; and M. Larson, R. Gutierrez, and P. Bolstad for providing advice about experimental design and data analysis and reviewing previous drafts of this manuscript. T. Cooper and J. Bruggink also provided insightful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program), the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Woodcock Minnesota, and the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 585 EP 595 DI 10.1002/wsb.288 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000016 ER PT J AU Rauscher, RL Story, SJ Gude, JA Russell, RE AF Rauscher, Ryan L. Story, Scott J. Gude, Justin A. Russell, Robin E. TI Estimation of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies in Montana SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; black-tailed prairie dogs; Cynomys ludovicianus; line intercept; Montana AB Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) is an influential species in prairie ecosystems. Accurate estimates of active prairie dog colony area are needed to assess the status of the species and evaluate the effects of management actions. In 2008, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks conducted a survey of potential black-tailed prairie dog habitat. Using fixed-wing aircraft and an aerial line-intercept method, we surveyed 771 transects totaling 56,530 km in 32 counties in central and eastern Montana, USA, excluding tribal lands. We recorded 667 black-tailed prairie dog colony intercepts totaling 336,636 m in 21 counties. Ground intercepts were 1.091 (95% credible intervals = 1.087-1.094) times longer than air intercepts. The estimated percent of colonies classified as active from the air that were active on the ground was 86.8% (95% credible intervals = 77.9-93.5%). Corrected estimates resulted in 77,430 ha (95% credible intervals = 69,480-83,380) of active and 12,990 ha (95% credible intervals = 7,039-20,970) of inactive black-tailed prairie dog colonies. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of the estimated area of active prairie dog colonies by reducing a percentage of long intercepts assumed to be entirely active. More than 30% of active intercepts >750 m in length would need to, in fact, be inactive in order for our active colony area estimates to differ >10,000 ha (13%; i.e., outside of our margin of error) from our estimates. Aerial line-intercept methods provide a reliable and repeatable method for obtaining estimates of active and inactive prairie dog colony area over large areas. Our estimates provide the basis for long-term monitoring of prairie dogs on a landscape scale. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Rauscher, Ryan L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Glasgow, MT 59230 USA. [Story, Scott J.; Gude, Justin A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Rauscher, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rrauscher@mt.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; State Wildlife Grant FX Laird Flying Service provided expert piloting skills throughout the survey. R. Rust and A. Rammell were the primary observers for the aerial surveys. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks personnel A. Petersen, J. Herbert, A. Begley, L. Hanauska-Brown, C. Gower, and K. Dubois also assisted. D. Waltee and C. Arnold assisted with the ground- truthing effort. We thank the private landowners who provided access to their properties to conduct ground-truthing; their cooperation made this aspect of the project possible. We thank the Colorado Division of Wildlife for expert advice and sharing their experiences. This project was funded by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and a State Wildlife Grant. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1002/wsb.290 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000019 ER PT J AU Lardner, B Adams, AAY Savidge, JA Rodda, GH Reed, RN Clark, CS AF Lardner, Bjoern Adams, Amy A. Yackel Savidge, Julie A. Rodda, Gordon H. Reed, Robert N. Clark, Craig S. TI Effectiveness of Bait Tubes for Brown Treesnake Control on Guam SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bait station; Boiga irregularis; eradication; Guam; invasive; size selectivity; snake; toxicant AB In 2008, we studied simulated toxicant efficacy to control invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) using bait tubes (elongate bait stations that reduce non-target bait take) in a 5-ha enclosure in Guam (U.S. Territory) with a known population of snakes. Instead of toxicants, we implanted radiotransmitters in small (6.6 +/- 1.4 g) and large (21.8 +/- 2.9 g) bait-mouse carcasses, offered from 2 types of bait tubes over a 3-month period. The known snake population allowed us to characterize not only the snakes taking bait, but also those evading our mock control effort. Tube design had no effect on take rate, but snout-vent length was a strong predictor of bait take: none of the 30 snakes < 843 mm in length took any bait, whereas 77 of the 126 snakes >= 843 mm in length took 164 baits. While medium-sized snakes preferentially ingested small bait (and the largest snakes tended to take large mice more frequently), some of the smallest snakes that took bait ingested large mice. Snake body condition was positively correlated to take rate, but snake sex had no discernible effect. Our data show that there is a relatively narrow size (and, thus, time) gap between the size at which the snakes become susceptible to bait-mouse take and the size at which they become sexually mature. This has implications for the timing of repeated baiting efforts, if the goal is eradication rather than suppression. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Lardner, Bjoern; Savidge, Julie A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Adams, Amy A. Yackel; Rodda, Gordon H.; Reed, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Clark, Craig S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Barrigada, GU 96913 USA. RP Lardner, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lardner@colostate.edu FU U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX Field and lab assistance were provided by A. Hambrick, R. Hansen, T. Hinkle, S. Lubitz, S. Siers (who also coordinated the crew and provided Fig. 1), J. Stanford, and E. Wostl. Access to the field site was facilitated by the 36th Civil Engineer Squadron. P. Chapman provided statistical guidance; as did B. Cade, A. Douglas, W. Greene and T. Stanley. B. Halstead, L. Hansen, M. Peterson; and 2 anonymous reviewers commented on the manuscript. D. Vice (USDA-Wildlife Services) shared experiences on bait tubes. The U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs provided financial support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 37 IS 3 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1002/wsb.297 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V38IB UT WOS:000209336000026 ER PT J AU Wagenbrenner, NS Germino, MJ Lamb, BK Robichaud, PR Foltz, RB AF Wagenbrenner, Natalie S. Germino, Matthew J. Lamb, Brian K. Robichaud, Peter R. Foltz, Randy B. TI Wind erosion from a sagebrush steppe burned by wildfire: Measurements of PM10 and total horizontal sediment flux SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Post-fire; Wind erosion; PM10; Dust; Horizontal sediment flux; Vertical flux ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; AGRICULTURAL FIELD; DUST STORMS; SOIL; TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; DESERT; MATTER; FIRE; USA AB Wind erosion and aeolian transport processes are under studied compared to rainfall-induced erosion and sediment transport on burned landscapes. Post-fire wind erosion studies have predominantly focused on near-surface sediment transport and associated impacts such as on-site soil loss and site fertility. Downwind impacts, including air quality degradation and deposition of dust or contaminants, are also likely post-fire effects; however, quantitative field measurements of post-fire dust emissions are needed for assessment of these downwind risks. A wind erosion monitoring system was installed immediately following a desert sagebrush and grass wildfire in southeastern Idaho, USA to measure wind erosion from the burned landscape. This paper presents measurements of horizontal sediment flux and PM10 vertical flux from the burned area. We determined threshold wind speeds and corresponding threshold friction velocities to be 6.0 and 0.20 m s(-1), respectively, for the 4 months immediately following the fire and 10 and 0.55 m s(-1) for the following spring months. Several major wind erosion events were measured in the months following the July 2010 Jefferson Fire. The largest wind erosion event occurred in early September 2010 and produced 1495 kg m(-1) of horizontal sediment transport within the first 2 m above the soil surface, had a maximum PM10, vertical flux of 100 mg m(-2) s(-1), and generated a large dust plume that was visible in satellite imagery. The peak PM10 concentration measured on-site at a height of 2 m in the downwind portion of the burned area was 690 mg m(-3). Our results indicate that wildfire can convert a relatively stable landscape into one that is a major dust source. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wagenbrenner, Natalie S.; Robichaud, Peter R.; Foltz, Randy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Wagenbrenner, Natalie S.; Lamb, Brian K.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wagenbrenner, NS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM nwagenbrenner@fs.fed.us; germmatt@usgs.gov; blamb@wsu.edu; probichaud@fs.fed.us; rfoltz@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; US Bureau of Land Management; US Department of Defense; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture [2008-38420-04761] FX We thank Ben Kopyscianski, Robert Brown, and Cassandra Byrne from the Rocky Mountain Research Station for assistance with installation and maintenance of field equipment and Amber Hoover from Idaho State University for help with data collection and laboratory analyses. We thank Brenton Sharratt from the Agricultural Research Service for reviewing an early version of this manuscript and two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality and clarity of this paper. Funding for this project was provided by the US Forest Service, US Bureau of Land Management, US Department of Defense, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2008-38420-04761. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 10 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.003 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 190PE UT WOS:000322351900004 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Bright, JB Drobney, P Larson, JL Palaia, N Rabie, PA Vacek, S Wells, D AF Larson, Diane L. Bright, J. B. Drobney, Pauline Larson, Jennifer L. Palaia, Nicholas Rabie, Paul A. Vacek, Sara Wells, Douglas TI Using prairie restoration to curtail invasion of Canada thistle: the importance of limiting similarity and seed mix richness SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Tallgrass prairie; Restoration; Cirsium arvense; Limiting similarity; Species richness ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FIRE SEASON; BIOLOGY; WEEDS; INVASIBILITY; CANADENSIS; RESISTANCE AB Theory has predicted, and many experimental studies have confirmed, that resident plant species richness is inversely related to invisibility. Likewise, potential invaders that are functionally similar to resident plant species are less likely to invade than are those from different functional groups. Neither of these ideas has been tested in the context of an operational prairie restoration. Here, we tested the hypotheses that within tallgrass prairie restorations (1) as seed mix species richness increased, cover of the invasive perennial forb, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) would decline; and (2) guilds (both planted and arising from the seedbank) most similar to Canada thistle would have a larger negative effect on it than less similar guilds. Each hypothesis was tested on six former agricultural fields restored to tallgrass prairie in 2005; all were within the tallgrass prairie biome in Minnesota, USA. A mixed-model with repeated measures (years) in a randomized block (fields) design indicated that seed mix richness had no effect on cover of Canada thistle. Structural equation models assessing effects of cover of each planted and non-planted guild on cover of Canada thistle in 2006, 2007, and 2010 revealed that planted Asteraceae never had a negative effect on Canada thistle. In contrast, planted cool-season grasses and non-Asteraceae forbs, and many non-planted guilds had negative effects on Canada thistle cover. We conclude that early, robust establishment of native species, regardless of guild, is of greater importance in resistance to Canada thistle than is similarity of guilds in new prairie restorations. C1 [Larson, Diane L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bright, J. B.; Vacek, Sara] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Morris, MN USA. [Drobney, Pauline] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Neal Smith Natl Wildlife Refuge, Prairie City, IA USA. [Larson, Jennifer L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN USA. [Palaia, Nicholas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Litchfield, MN USA. [Rabie, Paul A.] Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN USA. [Wells, Douglas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fergus Falls, MN USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 1561 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@usgs.gov OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3; U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center FX We thank the dedicated staff and volunteers of the participating Refuge and Wetland Management District stations who helped with plot layout, site preparation, seeding, mowing, and vegetation monitoring. D. Buhl and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, U.S. Geological Survey Science Support Program, and Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2013 VL 15 IS 9 BP 2049 EP 2063 DI 10.1007/s10530-013-0432-0 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193QP UT WOS:000322576600014 ER PT J AU Miura, G Munakata, A Yada, T Schreck, CB Noakes, DLG Matsuda, H AF Miura, Go Munakata, Arimune Yada, Takashi Schreck, Carl B. Noakes, David L. G. Matsuda, Hiroyuki TI Effect of short-term decrease in water temperature on body temperature and involvement of testosterone in steelhead and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Body temperature; Downstream migration; Rainbow trout; Steelhead trout; Testosterone ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; MASU SALMON; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; STEROID-HORMONES; SMOLTIFICATION; MUSCLE; GROWTH AB The Pacific salmonid species Oncorhynchus mykiss is separated into a migratory form (steelhead trout) and a non-migratory form (rainbow trout). A decrease in water temperature is likely a cue triggering downstream behavior in the migratory form, and testosterone inhibits onset of this behavior. To elucidate differences in sensitivity to water temperature decreases between the migratory and non-migratory forms and effect of testosterone on the sensitivity, we examined two experiments. In experiment 1, we compared changes in body temperature during a short-term decrease in water temperature between both live and dead steelhead and rainbow trout. In experiment 2, we investigated effects of testosterone on body temperature decrease in steelhead trout. Water temperature was decreased by 3 degrees C in 30 min. The body temperature of the steelhead decreased faster than that of the rainbow trout. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the decrease in body temperature between dead steelhead and rainbow trout specimens. The body temperature of the testosterone-treated steelhead trout decreased more slowly than that of control fish. Our results suggest that the migratory form is more sensitive to decreases in water temperature than the non-migratory form. Moreover, testosterone might play an inhibitory role in sensitivity to such decreases. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miura, Go; Matsuda, Hiroyuki] Yokohama Natl Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Informat Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. [Munakata, Arimune] Miyagi Univ Educ, Dept Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. [Yada, Takashi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Aquaculture, Nikko, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Miura, G (reprint author), Miyagi Prefecture Govt, Dept Fisheries & Fishing Port, East Reg Promot Off, 1-4-32 Higashi Nakasato, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 9860812, Japan. EM yhfnx644@yahoo.co.jp; munakata@staff.miyakyo-u.ac.jp; yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp; carl.schreck@oregonstate.edu; david.noakes@oregonstate.edu; matsuda@ynu.ac.jp FU Society for Conservation of Fisheries Resources and Marine Environment (CoFRaME); Saito Gratitude Foundation Saito Ho-on Kai; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22370009, 22580215, 16780132]; MEXT [E-03]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; FRA FX We thank R. Couture, J. Mahr, and J. O'Neil from OHRC, K. Mutoh and H. Nakamura from FRA, and N. Miyoshi from Miyagi University of Education, for their technical support during the experiments. We also thank Y. Shibata for his analytical support. Portions of the present study were supported by the Society for Conservation of Fisheries Resources and Marine Environment (CoFRaME), the Saito Gratitude Foundation Saito Ho-on Kai, grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to H. Matsuda (22370009), T. Yada (22580215), and A. Munakata (16780132), and the Global COE Program (E-03) from MEXT. Facilities and research animals were provided by OHRC with financial support from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and FRA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 166 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.05.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 195HP UT WOS:000322693200014 PM 23672823 ER PT J AU Maiersperger, TK Scaramuzza, PL Leigh, L Shrestha, S Gallo, KP Jenkerson, CB Dwyer, JL AF Maiersperger, T. K. Scaramuzza, P. L. Leigh, L. Shrestha, S. Gallo, K. P. Jenkerson, C. B. Dwyer, J. L. TI Characterizing LEDAPS surface reflectance products by comparisons with AERONET, field spectrometer, and MODIS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; Reflectance; LEDAPS; MODIS ID LANDSAT TM DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VALIDATION; AEROSOL; SENSORS; CALIBRATION; RADIANCE; NETWORK; FUSION; ETM+ AB This study provides a baseline quality check on provisional Landsat Surface Reflectance (SR) products as generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center using Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) software. Characterization of the Landsat SR products leveraged comparisons between aerosol optical thickness derived from LEDAPS and measured by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), as well as reflectance correlations with field spectrometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Results consistently indicated similarity between LEDAPS and alternative data products in longer wavelengths over vegetated areas with no adjacent water, while less reliable performance was observed in shorter wavelengths and sparsely vegetated areas. This study demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of the atmospheric correction methodology used in LEDAPS, confirming its successful implementation to generate Landsat SR products. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Maiersperger, T. K.; Scaramuzza, P. L.] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Leigh, L.; Shrestha, S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gallo, K. P.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jenkerson, C. B.] US Geol Survey, ERT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Dwyer, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jenkerson, CB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ERT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jenkerson@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology program; NASA ACCESS; USGS Landsat Program; USGS Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM); [G10PC00044] FX The original LEDAPS software was developed by Eric Vermote, Nazmi El Saleous, Jonathan Kutler, and Robert Wolfe with support from the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program (PI: Jeff Masek). The version used in this study was adapted by Feng Gao (GSFC/ERT Corp.) with support from the NASA ACCESS and the USGS Landsat Program. The EROS on-demand processing system was developed by John Dwyer (USGS), David Hill (Information Dynamics), Jason Werpy (Information Dynamics), Adam Dosch (ERT Corp.), and Tom Maiersperger (SGT, Inc.) with support from the USGS Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). This work was performed under contract G10PC00044. The University of Arizona contributed ground data from the Railroad Valley and Ivanpah sites. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 136 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186PC UT WOS:000322055600001 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Cogger, BJ Thomsen, MA AF De Jager, Nathan R. Cogger, Benjamin J. Thomsen, Meredith A. TI Interactive effects of flooding and deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing on floodplain forest recruitment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tree mortality; Succession; Upper Mississippi River; Flooding; Herbivory; Reed canarygrass ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; REED CANARYGRASS; RESTORING FOREST; REDUCTIONS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; HERBIVORY; RESPONSES AB Floodplain forests have historically been resilient to the effects of flooding because the tree species that inhabit these ecosystems regenerate and grow quickly following disturbances. However, the intensity and selectivity of ungulate herbivory in floodplains has the potential to modify the community-level effects of flooding by delaying forest recruitment and leaving sites vulnerable to invasive species. We established a series of exclosures along an elevation gradient in an actively recruiting floodplain forest along the Upper Mississippi River prior to three large-magnitude flood events. Pre-flood browsing by Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) ranged from 20% to 85% of all available stems, and reduced subsequent annual tree height growth from 60 cm/yr to approximately 35 cm/yr, regardless of elevation. Tree mortality, in contrast, was positively correlated with both pre-flood browsing rates and the duration of the growing season that the ground elevation of plots was flooded. Mortality rates ranged from approximately 40% in plots that experienced low levels of deer browsing (<30% of stems) and short flood durations (<40 days) to as high as 98% in plots that experienced high levels of deer browsing (>80% of stems) and long flood durations (>50 days). Longer flood durations led to larger shifts in tree community composition, away from heavily browsed and less flood tolerant Acer saccharinum L. (silver maple) and Populus deltoides (cottonwood) and toward species that were more flood tolerant and not preferred by deer. Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) colonized some portions of all plots, except for those situated at high elevations and protected by exclosures. Hence, herbivory can interact with the local flooding regime of rivers to delay recruitment of some tree species, resulting in shifts in successional trajectories, and leaving young forests vulnerable to invasion by exotic herbaceous species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Cogger, Benjamin J.; Thomsen, Meredith A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Cogger, Benjamin J.; Thomsen, Meredith A.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC); University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (UW-L); UW-L River Studies Center; Long Term Resources Monitoring Program, a component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program FX This work was partially supported by the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse (UW-L), the UW-L River Studies Center and the Long Term Resources Monitoring Program, a component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program. The authors thank the Environmental Stewardship staff at the La Crescent Field Office of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District for help in the field and site treatment expenses, and numerous individuals at UW-L for their help in the field. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 303 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 177WH UT WOS:000321405600002 ER PT J AU Angal, A Xiong, XX Choi, T Chander, G Mishra, N Helder, DL AF Angal, Amit Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Chander, Gyanesh Mishra, Nischal Helder, Dennis L. TI Impact of Terra MODIS Collection 6 on long-term trending comparisons with Landsat 7 ETM+ reflective solar bands SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESERT SITES; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE AB Recently, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Characterization Support Team (MCST) has worked closely with the science team members to make significant improvements in both Terra and Aqua MODIS sensors. These refinements are included in the newly released Collection 6 (C6) Level 1B (L1B) products, and they primarily mitigate the long-term drifts observed in the short-wavelength bands of the MODIS sensors. This letter focuses particularly on evaluating the improvement in the long-term on-orbit radiometric calibration stability of the Terra MODIS sensor by comparing the trends with the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor. In this study, Terra MODIS L1B products from both Collection 5 (C5) and C6 were used to compare the long-term top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance trending of the Terra MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) with spectrally matching bands of the L7 ETM+ sensors over the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS). In addition, intensive statistical tests were performed to support the assessment of the observed long-term drifts. The results from the newly processed Terra MODIS C6 L1B products clearly show the excellent calibration stability (long-term drift within 2%) of the MODIS sensor with the multi-year drifts within the specified calibration uncertainty. C1 [Angal, Amit] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung (Jason)] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Mishra, Nischal; Helder, Dennis L.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM amit.angal@ssaihq.com RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X FU US Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX The authors would like to thank the members of MCST for technical interaction. Work at SGT, Inc. was performed under US Geological Survey contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 BP 873 EP 881 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2013.809496 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 183JY UT WOS:000321812200005 ER PT J AU Olson, W Emmenegger, E Glenn, J Simchick, C Winton, J Goetz, F AF Olson, Wendy Emmenegger, Eveline Glenn, Jolene Simchick, Crystal Winton, Jim Goetz, Frederick TI Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Viral hemorrhagic septicemia; Great Lakes; Yellow perch; Innate immune response ID SERUM-AMYLOID-A; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MX CDNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DNA VACCINATION AB The recently discovered strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV-IVb, represents an example of the introduction of an extremely pathogenic rhabdovirus capable of infecting a wide variety of new fish species in a new host-environment. The goal of the present study was to delineate the expression kinetics of key genes in the innate immune response relative to the very early stages of VHSV-IVb infection using the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as a model. Administration of VHSV-IVb by IP-injection into juvenile yellow perch resulted in 84% cumulative mortality, indicating their high susceptibility to this disease. In fish sampled in the very early stages of infection, a significant up-regulation of Mx gene expression in the liver, as well as IL-1 beta and SAA activation in the head kidney, spleen, and liver was directly correlated to viral load. The potential down-regulation of Mx in the hematopoietic tissues, head kidney and spleen, may represent a strategy utilized by the virus to increase replication. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, Wendy] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Emmenegger, Eveline; Winton, Jim] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Glenn, Jolene] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Simchick, Crystal; Goetz, Frederick] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM rick.goetz@NOAA.gov FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, NA10OAR4170070, R/AQ-44, R/AQ-41]; ARS/USDA CRIS [58-3655-9-748, 3655-31320-002-00D] FX This work was funded in part by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, federal grant numbers NA06OAR4170011 and NA10OAR4170070, project numbers R/AQ-44 and R/AQ-41. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (#58-3655-9-748) under ARS/USDA CRIS #3655-31320-002-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Government. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. The authors greatly acknowledge the assistance of Doug Immerman, Jacob Bill, Ben Wiedenman and Erin Weber in rearing perch for the study. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 173PM UT WOS:000321091400002 PM 23529011 ER PT J AU Sorensen, PO Germino, MJ Feris, KP AF Sorensen, Patrick O. Germino, Matthew J. Feris, Kevin P. TI Microbial community responses to 17 years of altered precipitation are seasonally dependent and coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Precipitation-timing; Artemisia tridentata; Cold desert; Sagebrush steppe; Carbon storage; Microbial community composition ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; RESOURCE PULSES; TUNDRA SOILS; GREAT-BASIN; DIVERSITY; CARBON; DYNAMICS; RAINFALL AB Precipitation amount and seasonal timing determine the duration and distribution of water available for plant and microbial activity in the cold desert sagebrush steppe. In this study, we sought to determine if a sustained shift in the amount and timing of precipitation would affect soil microbial diversity, community composition, and soil carbon (C) storage. Field plots were irrigated (+200 mm) during the dormant or growing-season for 17 years. Microbial community responses were assessed over the course of a year at two depths (15-20 cm, 95-100 cm) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), along with co-occurring changes in plant cover and edaphic properties. Bacterial richness, Shannon Weaver diversity, and composition in shallow soils (15-20 cm) as well as evenness in deep soils (95-100 cm) differed across irrigation treatments during July. Irrigation timing affected fungal community diversity and community composition during the dormant season and most strongly in deep soils (95-100 cm). Dormant-season irrigation increased the ratio of shrubs to forbs and reduced soil C in shallow soils by 16% relative to ambient conditions. It is unclear whether or not soil C will continue to decline with continued treatment application or if microbial adaptation could mitigate sustained soil C losses. Future changes in precipitation timing will affect soil microbes in a seasonally dependent manner and be coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorensen, Patrick O.; Feris, Kevin P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Feris, KP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM patsoren@bu.edu; kevinferis@boisestate.edu FU NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387] FX We thank Dol lie Thompson and Bert Huttanis of Boise State University for their assistance collecting molecular microbial data. We appreciate the assistance of Dr. Paul Olin of Boise State University for his help in gathering total CN values. Special thanks to Dr. Jim Ippolito of the USDA-ARS field station in Kimberly, ID who generously provided lab space and assistance in characterizing soil edaphic properties. Lachy Ingram, Niles Hasselquist, Keith Reinhardt, Jeremy Greth, and Liam Junk assisted in treatment application or sampling while at Idaho State University. Dr. Jay Anderson of Idaho State University, along with Dr. Roger Blew and Amy Forman are credited with leading the initial construction and measurements on the experiment. Lastly, we thank Dr. Pamela H.Templer and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback which helped improve upon an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 96 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 64 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.014 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 181OV UT WOS:000321679300021 ER PT J AU Wu, YP Chen, J AF Wu, Yiping Chen, Ji TI Investigating the effects of point source and nonpoint source pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang) in South China SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE East River (Dongjiang); Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Pollution source areas; SWAT; Water quality index ID ASSESSMENT-TOOL SWAT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SURFACE-WATER; LAND-USE; BASIN; MODEL; NITROGEN; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS AB Understanding the physical processes of point source (PS) and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is critical to evaluate river water quality and identify major pollutant sources in a watershed. In this study, we used the physically-based hydrological/water quality model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, to investigate the influence of PS and NPS pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang in Chinese) in southern China. Our results indicate that NPS pollution was the dominant contribution (>94%) to nutrient loads except for mineral phosphorus (50%). A comprehensive Water Quality Index (WQI) computed using eight key water quality variables demonstrates that water quality is better upstream than downstream despite the higher level of ammonium nitrogen found in upstream waters. Also, the temporal (seasonal) and spatial distributions of nutrient loads clearly indicate the critical time period (from late dry season to early wet season) and pollution source areas within the basin (middle and downstream agricultural lands), which resource managers can use to accomplish substantial reduction of NPS pollutant loadings. Overall, this study helps our understanding of the relationship between human activities and pollutant loads and further contributes to decision support for local watershed managers to protect water quality in this region. In particular, the methods presented such as integrating WQI with watershed modeling and identifying the critical time period and pollutions source areas can be valuable for other researchers worldwide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, Yiping] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Wu, Yiping; Chen, Ji] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wu, YP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ywu@usgs.gov; jichen@hku.hk RI Wu, Yiping/D-2276-2012; Chen, Ji/C-1795-2009 OI Wu, Yiping/0000-0002-5163-0884; FU Hong Kong RGC GRF [HKU 711008E, HKU710910E]; USGS [G08PC91508] FX This study was supported by Hong Kong RGC GRF projects HKU 711008E and HKU710910E. Part of this work was performed under the USGS contract G08PC91508. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Dongsheng Cheng for collecting/sharing the limited observation data. We thank Naga Manohar Velpuri (Arctic Slope Research Corporation (ASRC) Research and Technology Solutions, a contractor to USGS EROS) for his comments on the early draft. We are grateful to Sandra Cooper (USGS) for her careful reviews and editing. We also thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 64 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 165 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.04.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157JH UT WOS:000319891900034 ER PT J AU Mueller, T O'Hara, RB Converse, SJ Urbanek, RP Fagan, WF AF Mueller, Thomas O'Hara, Robert B. Converse, Sarah J. Urbanek, Richard P. Fagan, William F. TI Social Learning of Migratory Performance SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; ORIENTATION; MOVE; INFORMATION; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; MODELS; BIRDS AB Successful bird migration can depend on individual learning, social learning, and innate navigation programs. Using 8 years of data on migrating whooping cranes, we were able to partition genetic and socially learned aspects of migration. Specifically, we analyzed data from a reintroduced population wherein all birds were captive bred and artificially trained by ultralight aircraft on their first lifetime migration. For subsequent migrations, in which birds fly individually or in groups but without ultralight escort, we found evidence of long-term social learning, but no effect of genetic relatedness on migratory performance. Social learning from older birds reduced deviations from a straight-line path, with 7 years of experience yielding a 38% improvement in migratory accuracy. C1 [Mueller, Thomas; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mueller, Thomas; O'Hara, Robert B.] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, D-60325 Frankfurt, Main, Germany. [Mueller, Thomas; O'Hara, Robert B.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Main, Germany. [Mueller, Thomas] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Urbanek, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. RP Mueller, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM muellert@gmail.com RI O'Hara, Robert/A-7499-2008; OI O'Hara, Robert/0000-0001-9737-3724; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU NSF [1062411]; Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz programme (Hesse, Germany); Robert Bosch Foundation FX T.M. and W.F.F. were supported by NSF Advances in Biological Informatics award 1062411, T. M. and R.B.O. were supported by the Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz programme (Hesse, Germany), and T. M. was supported by the Robert Bosch Foundation. Data were provided by the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership and K. Jones and are deposited in the Dryad Repository: http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1r0f7. We thank F. Hailer, S. Servanty, E. Grant, J. Calabrese, R. Reynolds, S. Via, E. L. Neuschulz, C. Rushing, D. Bennu, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and discussions. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 16 U2 153 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6149 BP 999 EP 1002 DI 10.1126/science.1237139 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 208BZ UT WOS:000323652300042 PM 23990559 ER PT J AU Griffin, MJ Quiniou, SM Cody, T Tabuchi, M Ware, C Cipriano, RC Mauel, MJ Soto, E AF Griffin, Matt J. Quiniou, Sylvie M. Cody, Theresa Tabuchi, Maki Ware, Cynthia Cipriano, Rocco C. Mauel, Michael J. Soto, Esteban TI Comparative analysis of Edwardsiella isolates from fish in the eastern United States identifies two distinct genetic taxa amongst organisms phenotypically classified as E. tarda SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blue catfish; Channel catfish; Edwardsiella tarda; Hybrid striped bass; Multilocus sequencing; Tilapia; PCR; rep-PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CHANNEL CATFISH; GENOME SEQUENCE; PCR; ICTALURI; STRAINS; TURBOT; WATER; PATHOGEN AB Edwardsiella tarda, a Gram-negative member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, has been implicated in significant losses in aquaculture facilities worldwide. Here, we assessed the intra-specific variability of E. tarda isolates from 4 different fish species in the eastern United States. Repetitive sequence mediated PCR (rep-PCR) using 4 different primer sets (ERIC I & II, ERIC II, BOX, and GTG(5)) and multi-locus sequence analysis of 165 SSU rDNA, groEl, gyrA, gyrB, pho, pgi, pgm, and rpoA gene fragments identified two distinct genotypes of E. tarda (DNA group I; DNA group II). Isolates that fell into DNA group II demonstrated more similarity to E. ictaluri than DNA group I, which contained the reference E. tarda strain (ATCC #15947). Conventional PCR analysis using published E. tarda-specific primer sets yielded variable results, with several primer sets producing no observable amplification of target DNA from some isolates. Fluorometric determination of G + C content demonstrated 56.4% G + C content for DNA group I, 60.2% for DNA group II, and 58.4% for E. ictaluri. Surprisingly, these isolates were indistinguishable using conventional biochemical techniques, with all isolates demonstrating phenotypic characteristics consistent with E. tarda. Analysis using two commercial test kits identified multiple phenotypes, although no single metabolic characteristic could reliably discriminate between genetic groups. Additionally, anti-microbial susceptibility and fatty acid profiles did not demonstrate remarkable differences between groups. The significant genetic variation (<90% similarity at gyrA, gyrB, pho, phi and pgm; <40% similarity by rep-PCR) between these groups suggests organisms from DNA group II may represent an unrecognized, genetically distinct taxa of Edwardsiella that is phenotypically indistinguishable from E. tarda. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Griffin, Matt J.; Ware, Cynthia] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Coll Vet Med, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Quiniou, Sylvie M.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Cody, Theresa; Tabuchi, Maki] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Cipriano, Rocco C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Mauel, Michael J.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Vet Res & Diagnost Lab, Pearl, MS USA. [Soto, Esteban] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Basseterre, St Kitts, W Ind Assoc St. RP Griffin, MJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 197,127 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM griffin@cvm.msstate.edu FU USDA Catfish Health Research Initiative [CRIS 6402-31320-002-02]; Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) FX The authors would like to thank Stephen Reichley and Drew Leach for their technical contributions to this manuscript. In addition, the authors would like to thank Andrew Goodwin of the University of Arkansas-Pine Bluff, Cova Arias, Mark Liles, and Jeff Terhune of Auburn University and John Hawke of Louisiana State University for their willingness to share bacterial isolates. This research was funded through the USDA Catfish Health Research Initiative (CRIS 6402-31320-002-02) and is supported by the Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES). This is MAFES publication number J-12272. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 30 PY 2013 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 358 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.027 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 178WV UT WOS:000321479000022 PM 23623688 ER PT J AU Enache, MD Potapova, M Sheibley, R Moran, P AF Enache, Mihaela D. Potapova, Marina Sheibley, Rich Moran, Patrick TI Three new Psammothidium species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA SO PHYTOTAXA LA English DT Article DE diatom; lake sediments; alpine lakes; LM; SEM AB Populations of several Psammothidium species were found in core sediments from nine remote, high elevation, ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic, Olympic and Cascade Mountain lakes. Three of these species, P. lacustre, P. alpinum, and P. nivale, are described here as new. The morphology of the silica frustules of these species was documented using light and scanning electron microscopy. We discuss the similarities and differences with previously described Psammothidium species. C1 [Enache, Mihaela D.; Potapova, Marina] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Sheibley, Rich; Moran, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Enache, MD (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM mihaela.enache@dep.state.nj.us OI Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536 FU United States Geological Survey; Ruth Patrick Endowment at the Academy of Natural Sciences FX Funding for the Washington Cascades project was provided by the United States Geological Survey. Donald Charles and the Ruth Patrick Endowment at the Academy of Natural Sciences provided partial funding to M. Enache for working on the manuscript. We acknowledge the use of the Centralized Research facilities in the College of Engineering at Drexel University, Philadelphia. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1179-3155 EI 1179-3163 J9 PHYTOTAXA JI Phytotaxa PD AUG 29 PY 2013 VL 127 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AU8IJ UT WOS:000345839500006 ER PT J AU Starratt, SW Anderson, RS AF Starratt, Scott W. Anderson, R. Scott TI Preliminary Report on the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Diatoms of Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA SO PHYTOTAXA LA English DT Article DE paleolimnology; lake ontogeny; climate record ID SIERRA-NEVADA; TEMPERATURE; RECORD; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; CALIBRATION; INSECTA; CLIMATE; DIPTERA; FOREST; TAXA AB Swamp Lake, Yosemite National Park, is the only known lake in California containing long sequences of varved sediments and thus has the potential to provide a high-resolution record of climate variability. This preliminary analysis of the diatom assemblages from a 947-cm-long composite sediment core (freeze core FZ02-05; 0-67 cm, Livingstone core 02-05; 53-947 cm) shows that the lake has been freshwater, oligotrophic, and circumneutral to alkaline throughout its similar to 16,000-year-long history. The first sediments deposited in the lake show that the vegetation in the watershed was sparse, allowing organic matter-poor silt and clay to be deposited in the basin. The basin filled quickly to a depth of at least 5 m and remained at least that deep for most of the sediment record. Several short intervals provided evidence of large fluctuations in lake level during the Holocene. The upper 50 cm of the core contains evidence of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age. C1 [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sstarrat@usgs.gov FU Yosemite Fund; U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program FX This research was funded by the Yosemite Fund and U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program. We express our thanks to Elmira Wan, Holly Olson, and Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki of the U.S. Geological Survey Tephrochronology Project and Jack McGeehin of the U.S. Geological Survey 14C Lab for providing age control for the project. The authors also wish to thank John Barron, Doug Hallett, Lydia Roach, and Joe Street for helpful and thought-provoking discussions. Mary McGann of the U.S. Geological Survey provided an extremely detailed review which greatly improved the manuscript. Additional clarity was added by two anonymous reviewers and the editors of the proceedings volume. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1179-3155 EI 1179-3163 J9 PHYTOTAXA JI Phytotaxa PD AUG 29 PY 2013 VL 127 IS 1 BP 128 EP 149 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA AU8IJ UT WOS:000345839500012 ER PT J AU Love, JJ AF Love, Jeffrey J. TI On the insignificance of Herschel's sunspot correlation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; solar-terrestrial interaction; geomagnetic activity; agriculture; economics; history of science ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; CROP YIELDS; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER; SIGNAL; CYCLE AB We examine William Herschel's hypothesis that solar-cycle variation of the Sun's irradiance has a modulating effect on the Earth's climate and that this is, specifically, manifested as an anticorrelation between sunspot number and the market price of wheat. Since Herschel first proposed his hypothesis in 1801, it has been regarded with both interest and skepticism. Recently, reports have been published that either support Herschel's hypothesis or rely on its validity. As a test of Herschel's hypothesis, we seek to reject a null hypothesis of a statistically random correlation between historical sunspot numbers, wheat prices in London and the United States, and wheat farm yields in the United States. We employ binary-correlation, Pearson-correlation, and frequency-domain methods. We test our methods using a historical geomagnetic activity index, well known to be causally correlated with sunspot number. As expected, the measured correlation between sunspot number and geomagnetic activity would be an unlikely realization of random data; the correlation is statistically significant. On the other hand, measured correlations between sunspot number and wheat price and wheat yield data would be very likely realizations of random data; these correlations are insignificant. Therefore, Herschel's hypothesis must be regarded with skepticism. We compare and contrast our results with those of other researchers. We discuss procedures for evaluating hypotheses that are formulated from historical data. C1 USGS Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), USGS Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046,MS 966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4171 EP 4176 DI 10.1002/grl.50846 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000009 ER PT J AU Fee, D Matoza, RS Gee, KL Neilsen, TB Ogden, DE AF Fee, David Matoza, Robin S. Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. Ogden, Darcy E. TI Infrasonic crackle and supersonic jet noise from the eruption of Nabro Volcano, Eritrea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrasound; volcanic jet; crackle; supersonic; Nabro ID PROPAGATION; NONLINEARITY; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT; RANGE AB The lowermost portion of an explosive volcanic eruption column is considered a momentum-driven jet. Understanding volcanic jets is critical for determining eruption column dynamics and mitigating volcanic hazards; however, volcanic jets are inherently difficult to observe due to their violence and opacity. Infrasound from the 2011 eruption of Nabro Volcano, Eritrea has waveform features highly similar to the crackle phenomenon uniquely produced by man-made supersonic jet engines and rockets and is characterized by repeated asymmetric compressions followed by weaker, gradual rarefactions. This infrasonic crackle indicates that infrasound source mechanisms in sustained volcanic eruptions are strikingly similar to jet noise sources from heated, supersonic jet engines and rockets, suggesting that volcanologists can utilize the modeling and physical understandings of man-made jets to understand volcanic jets. The unique, distinctive infrasonic crackle from Nabro highlights the use of infrasound to remotely detect and characterize hazardous eruptions and its potential to determine volcanic jet parameters. C1 [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Matoza, Robin S.; Ogden, Darcy E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu FU NSF [EAR-1113294]; Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at IGPP, Scripps Oceanography FX Julien Marty and David Brown of the CTBTO graciously provided some of the IS19 data. David Green and Bernard Chouet provided helpful early reviews. Funding was provided by NSF grant EAR-1113294, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at IGPP, Scripps Oceanography. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the Assistant Editor for their insightful comments. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4199 EP 4203 DI 10.1002/grl.50827 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000014 ER PT J AU Meighan, HE ten Brink, U Pulliam, J AF Meighan, Hallie E. ten Brink, Uri Pulliam, Jay TI Slab tears and intermediate-depth seismicity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE slab tear; intermediate seismicity; subduction corner ID TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; CARIBBEAN PLATE; BENEATH; FAULTS; DEFORMATION; LITHOSPHERE; ANISOTROPY; GIBRALTAR; BOUNDARY AB Active tectonic regions where plate boundaries transition from subduction to strike slip can take several forms, such as triple junctions, acute, and obtuse corners. Well-documented slab tears that are associated with high rates of intermediate-depth seismicity are considered here: Gibraltar arc, the southern and northern ends of the Lesser Antilles arc, and the northern end of Tonga trench. Seismicity at each of these locations occurs, at times, in the form of swarms or clusters, and various authors have proposed that each marks an active locus of tear propagation. The swarms and clusters start at the top of the slab below the asthenospheric wedge and extend 30-60km vertically downward within the slab. We propose that these swarms and clusters are generated by fluid-related embrittlement of mantle rocks. Focal mechanisms of these swarms generally fit the shear motion that is thought to be associated with the tearing process. C1 [Meighan, Hallie E.; Pulliam, Jay] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [ten Brink, Uri] Woods Hole Sci Ctr USGS, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Meighan, HE (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Bear Pl 97354, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM hallie_meighan@baylor.edu RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Pulliam, Robert/0000-0001-7661-359X NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4244 EP 4248 DI 10.1002/grl.50830 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000022 ER PT J AU Waite, WF Spangenberg, E AF Waite, W. F. Spangenberg, E. TI Gas hydrate formation rates from dissolved-phase methane in porous laboratory specimens SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane; hydrate; dissolved phase; formation rate ID SOLUBILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL; BAR AB Marine sands highly saturated with gas hydrates are potential energy resources, likely forming from methane dissolved in pore water. Laboratory fabrication of gas hydrate-bearing sands formed from dissolved-phase methane usually requires 1-2months to attain the high hydrate saturations characteristic of naturally occurring energy resource targets. A series of gas hydrate formation tests, in which methane-supersaturated water circulates through 100, 240, and 200,000cm(3) vessels containing glass beads or unconsolidated sand, show that the rate-limiting step is dissolving gaseous-phase methane into the circulating water to form methane-supersaturated fluid. This implies that laboratory and natural hydrate formation rates are primarily limited by methane availability. Developing effective techniques for dissolving gaseous methane into water will increase formation rates above our observed (10.5)x10(-7)mol of methane consumed for hydrate formation per minute per cubic centimeter of pore space, which corresponds to a hydrate saturation increase of 21% per day, regardless of specimen size. C1 [Waite, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Spangenberg, E.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wwaite@usgs.gov OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE0002911]; program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN of BMBF; DFG [03G0605A]; Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) within the SUGAR [FKZ03SX320E] FX U.S. Geological Survey contributions were partially supported through an Interagency Agreement DE-FE0002911 with the U.S. Dept. of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The GFZ contribution was partly funded by the program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN of BMBF and DFG, grant 03G0605A and by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) within the SUGAR project framework, grant FKZ03SX320E. GFZ machine shop staff support during the experimental setup is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Mr. Saturov from CONTROS Systems & Solutions GmbH for his help in installing and calibrating the methane concentration sensor. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4310 EP 4315 DI 10.1002/grl.50809 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 219SI UT WOS:000324529000034 ER PT J AU Iacobellis, SF Cayan, DR AF Iacobellis, Sam F. Cayan, Daniel R. TI The variability of California summertime marine stratus: Impacts on surface air temperatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Marine Stratus; Thermal Inversions; Surface Temperature; Clouds; California ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC STABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; FOG; COAST; STRATOCUMULUS; RADIATION; ROTATION AB This study investigates the variability of clouds, primarily marine stratus clouds, and how they are associated with surface temperature anomalies over California, especially along the coastal margin. We focus on the summer months of June to September when marine stratus are the dominant cloud type. Data used include satellite cloud reflectivity (cloud albedo) measurements, hourly surface observations of cloud cover and air temperature at coastal airports, and observed values of daily surface temperature at stations throughout California and Nevada. Much of the anomalous variability of summer clouds is organized over regional patterns that affect considerable portions of the coast, often extend hundreds of kilometers to the west and southwest over the North Pacific, and are bounded to the east by coastal mountains. The occurrence of marine stratus is positively correlated with both the strength and height of the thermal inversion that caps the marine boundary layer, with inversion base height being a key factor in determining their inland penetration. Cloud cover is strongly associated with surface temperature variations. In general, increased presence of cloud (higher cloud albedo) produces cooler daytime temperatures and warmer nighttime temperatures. Summer daytime temperature fluctuations associated with cloud cover variations typically exceed 1 degrees C. The inversion-cloud albedo-temperature associations that occur at daily timescales are also found at seasonal timescales. C1 [Iacobellis, Sam F.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Iacobellis, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM siacobellis@ucsd.edu FU California Energy Commission through the California Climate Change Center; NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program through the California-Nevada Applications Program (CNAP) FX The authors sincerely appreciate the input from three anonymous reviewers whose insightful comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the California Energy Commission through the California Climate Change Center and by the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) Program through the California-Nevada Applications Program (CNAP). The GOES satellite measurements were obtained from NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) website at http://www.nsof.class.noaa.gov. The ISCCP D2 data were obtained from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project web site http://isccp.giss.nass.gov maintained by the ISCCP research group at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY. The airport cloud and temperature observations were obtained from the Global Surface Hourly database at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov operated by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The Cooperative Observer Network daily temperature records were also obtained from NCDC.3. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 16 BP 9105 EP 9122 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50652 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225AE UT WOS:000324933900025 ER PT J AU Zhao, SQ Zhu, C Zhou, DC Huang, D Werner, J AF Zhao, Shuqing Zhu, Chao Zhou, Decheng Huang, Dian Werner, Jeremy TI Organic Carbon Storage in China's Urban Areas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; CITIES; SEQUESTRATION; URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; STOCKS; SCALE; TREES AB China has been experiencing rapid urbanization in parallel with its economic boom over the past three decades. To date, the organic carbon storage in China's urban areas has not been quantified. Here, using data compiled from literature review and statistical yearbooks, we estimated that total carbon storage in China's urban areas was 577 +/- 60 Tg C (1 Tg = 10(12) g) in 2006. Soil was the largest contributor to total carbon storage (56%), followed by buildings (36%), and vegetation (7%), while carbon storage in humans was relatively small (1%). The carbon density in China's urban areas was 17.1 +/- 1.8 kg C m(-2), about two times the national average of all lands. The most sensitive variable in estimating urban carbon storage was urban area. Examining urban carbon storages over a wide range of spatial extents in China and in the United States, we found a strong linear relationship between total urban carbon storage and total urban area, with a specific urban carbon storage of 16 Tg C for every 1,000 km(2) urban area. This value might be useful for estimating urban carbon storage at regional to global scales. Our results also showed that the fraction of carbon storage in urban green spaces was still much lower in China relative to western countries, suggesting a great potential to mitigate climate change through urban greening and green spaces management in China. C1 [Zhao, Shuqing; Zhu, Chao; Zhou, Decheng; Huang, Dian] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Shuqing; Zhu, Chao; Zhou, Decheng; Huang, Dian] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Werner, Jeremy] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change [2010CB50600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071050, 31021001] FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (#2010CB50600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#41071050 and #31021001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 51 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71975 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071975 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215RU UT WOS:000324228800030 PM 23991014 ER PT J AU Stein, RS Toda, S AF Stein, Ross S. Toda, Shinji TI Megacity Megaquakes-Two Near Misses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTHQUAKE C1 [Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Toda, Shinji] Tohoku Univ, IRIDeS, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Stein, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rstein@usgs.gov; toda@irides.tohoku.ac.jp NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6148 BP 850 EP 852 DI 10.1126/science.1238944 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204MY UT WOS:000323370600027 PM 23970687 ER PT J AU Ghalambor, CK Peluc, SI Martin, TE AF Ghalambor, Cameron K. Peluc, Susana I. Martin, Thomas E. TI Plasticity of parental care under the risk of predation: how much should parents reduce care? SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE behavioural plasticity; nest predation risk; parental care; nestling feeding rates ID ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES; PERFORMANCE AB Predation can be an important agent of natural selection shaping parental care behaviours, and can also favour behavioural plasticity. Parent birds often decrease the rate that they visit the nest to provision offspring when perceived risk is high. Yet, the plasticity of such responses may differ among species as a function of either their relative risk of predation, or the mean rate of provisioning. Here, we report parental provisioning responses to experimental increases in the perceived risk of predation. We tested responses of 10 species of bird in north temperate Arizona and subtropical Argentina that differed in their ambient risk of predation. All species decreased provisioning rates in response to the nest predator but not to a control. However, provisioning rates decreased more in species that had greater ambient risk of predation on natural nests. These results support theoretical predictions that the extent of plasticity of a trait that is sensitive to nest predation risk should vary among species in accordance with predation risk. C1 [Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peluc, Susana I.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Ctr Zool Aplicada, CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Ghalambor, CK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cameron1@colostate.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation; U.S.G.S. Climate Change Research Program FX We are grateful to Sonya Auer, T. J. Fontaine and Lisa Angeloni for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation and the U.S.G.S. Climate Change Research Program. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 92 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 AR 20130154 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0154 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 179ZZ UT WOS:000321563600013 PM 23760165 ER PT J AU Warnecke, L Turner, JM Bollinger, TK Misra, V Cryan, PM Blehert, DS Wibbelt, G Willis, CKR AF Warnecke, Lisa Turner, James M. Bollinger, Trent K. Misra, Vikram Cryan, Paul M. Blehert, David S. Wibbelt, Gudrun Willis, Craig K. R. TI Pathophysiology of white-nose syndrome in bats: a mechanistic model linking wing damage to mortality SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dehydration; plasma electrolytes; Geomyces destructans; hibernation; hypovolemia ID EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; PATHOGEN; AROUSAL; TORPOR AB White-nose syndrome is devastating North American bat populations but we lack basic information on disease mechanisms. Altered blood physiology owing to epidermal invasion by the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans (Gd) has been hypothesized as a cause of disrupted torpor patterns of affected hibernating bats, leading to mortality. Here, we present data on blood electrolyte concentration, haematology and acid-base balance of hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus, following experimental inoculation with Gd. Compared with controls, infected bats showed electrolyte depletion (i.e. lower plasma sodium), changes in haematology (i.e. increased haematocrit and decreased glucose) and disrupted acid-base balance (i.e. lower CO2 partial pressure and bicarbonate). These findings indicate hypotonic dehydration, hypovolaemia and metabolic acidosis. We propose a mechanistic model linking tissue damage to altered homeostasis and morbidity/mortality. C1 [Warnecke, Lisa; Turner, James M.; Willis, Craig K. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Bollinger, Trent K.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Pathol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Misra, Vikram] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Wibbelt, Gudrun] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. RP Willis, CKR (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM c.willis@uwinnipeg.ca OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Canada Foundation for Innovation; Manitoba Research and Innovation Fund; Government of Canada; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX We thank ACU and CCWHC staff in Saskatoon. K. Castle, C. Cooper, L. McGuire, J. Voyles, N.R. Willis, P. Withers, M. Wojciechowski and two reviewers gave outstanding feedback. Financially supported by US Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), Canada Foundation for Innovation, Manitoba Research and Innovation Fund, Government of Canada Post-doctoral Fellowship and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Any use of trade products or firm names is for description only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 130 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 AR UNSP 20130177 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0177 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 179ZZ UT WOS:000321563600016 PM 23720520 ER PT J AU Nelson, TC Doukakis, P Lindley, ST Schreier, AD Hightower, JE Hildebrand, LR Whitlock, RE Webb, MAH AF Nelson, Troy C. Doukakis, Phaedra Lindley, Steven T. Schreier, Andrea D. Hightower, Joseph E. Hildebrand, Larry R. Whitlock, Rebecca E. Webb, Molly A. H. TI Research Tools to Investigate Movements, Migrations, and Life History of Sturgeons (Acipenseridae), with an Emphasis on Marine-Oriented Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; JUVENILE GREEN STURGEON; LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; PECTORAL FIN RAYS; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; STOCK REDUCTION ANALYSIS; DNA CONTROL REGION; LOWER FRASER-RIVER; STATE-SPACE MODEL; WHITE STURGEON AB Worldwide, sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are among the most endangered fishes due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and inherent life history characteristics (long life span, late maturation, and infrequent spawning). As most sturgeons are anadromous, a considerable portion of their life history occurs in estuarine and marine environments where they may encounter unique threats (e.g., interception in non-target fisheries). Of the 16 marine-oriented species, 12 are designated as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, and these include species commercially harvested. We review important research tools and techniques (tagging, electronic tagging, genetics, microchemistry, observatory) and discuss the comparative utility of these techniques to investigate movements, migrations, and life-history characteristics of sturgeons. Examples are provided regarding what the applications have revealed regarding movement and migration and how this information can be used for conservation and management. Through studies that include Gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) and Green Sturgeon (A. medirostris), we illustrate what is known about well-studied species and then explore lesser-studied species. A more complete picture of migration is available for North American sturgeon species, while European and Asian species, which are among the most endangered sturgeons, are less understood. We put forth recommendations that encourage the support of stewardship initiatives to build awareness and provide key information for population assessment and monitoring. C1 [Nelson, Troy C.] Fraser River Sturgeon Conservat Soc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Doukakis, Phaedra] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Schreier, Andrea D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] NC State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hildebrand, Larry R.] Golder Associates, Castlegar, BC, Canada. [Whitlock, Rebecca E.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Nelson, TC (reprint author), Fraser River Sturgeon Conservat Soc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM troy@frasersturgeon.com RI Schreier, Andrea/J-7023-2013 OI Schreier, Andrea/0000-0002-2241-3119 FU Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST); Census of Marine Life; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant to TCN from the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking Project (POST) and their partners, The Census of Marine Life, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 237 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71552 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071552 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218ZA UT WOS:000324470700018 PM 23990959 ER PT J AU Ostberg, CO Hauser, L Pritchard, VL Garza, JC Naish, KA AF Ostberg, Carl O. Hauser, Lorenz Pritchard, Victoria L. Garza, John C. Naish, Kerry A. TI Chromosome rearrangements, recombination suppression, and limited segregation distortion in hybrids between Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION; MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; MUS-MUSCULUS-DOMESTICUS; GENE FLOW; HOUSE MOUSE; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SPECIES COMPLEX AB Background: Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can lead to the creation of novel genome structures and thus potentially new genetic variation for selection to act upon. On the other hand, hybridization with introduced species can threaten native species, such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) following the introduction of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Neither the evolutionary consequences nor conservation implications of rainbow trout introgression in cutthroat trout is well understood. Therefore, we generated a genetic linkage map for rainbow-Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri) hybrids to evaluate genome processes that may help explain how introgression affects hybrid genome evolution. Results: The hybrid map closely aligned with the rainbow trout map (a cutthroat trout map does not exist), sharing all but one linkage group. This linkage group (RYHyb20) represented a fusion between an acrocentric (Omy28) and a metacentric chromosome (Omy20) in rainbow trout. Additional mapping in Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicated the two rainbow trout homologues were fused in the Yellowstone genome. Variation in the number of hybrid linkage groups (28 or 29) likely depended on a Robertsonian rearrangement polymorphism within the rainbow trout stock. Comparison between the female-merged F-1 map and a female consensus rainbow trout map revealed that introgression suppressed recombination across large genomic regions in 5 hybrid linkage groups. Two of these linkage groups (RYHyb20 and RYHyb25_29) contained confirmed chromosome rearrangements between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout indicating that rearrangements may suppress recombination. The frequency of allelic and genotypic segregation distortion varied among parents and families, suggesting few incompatibilities exist between rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout genomes. Conclusions: Chromosome rearrangements suppressed recombination in the hybrids. This result supports several previous findings demonstrating that recombination suppression restricts gene flow between chromosomes that differ by arrangement. Conservation of synteny and map order between the hybrid and rainbow trout maps and minimal segregation distortion in the hybrids suggest rainbow and Yellowstone cutthroat trout genomes freely introgress across chromosomes with similar arrangement. Taken together, these results suggest that rearrangements impede introgression. Recombination suppression across rearrangements could enable large portions of non-recombined chromosomes to persist within admixed populations. C1 [Ostberg, Carl O.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ostberg, Carl O.; Hauser, Lorenz; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM costberg@usgs.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; Pritchard, Victoria/0000-0003-0992-7403 FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from the staff at Henry's Lake Fish Hatchery and Fish Management Station and Hayspur Hatchery, Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Jeff Duda assisted in fish care. Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 44 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 14 AR 570 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-570 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 210OA UT WOS:000323841900001 PM 23968234 ER PT J AU Fudge, TJ Steig, EJ Markle, BR Schoenemann, SW Ding, QH Taylor, KC McConnell, JR Brook, EJ Sowers, T White, JWC Alley, RB Cheng, H Clow, GD Cole-Dai, J Conway, H Cuffey, KM Edwards, JS Edwards, RL Edwards, R Fegyveresi, JM Ferris, D Fitzpatrick, JJ Johnson, J Hargreaves, G Lee, JE Maselli, OJ Mason, W McGwire, KC Mitchell, LE Mortensen, N Neff, P Orsi, AJ Popp, TJ Schauer, AJ Severinghaus, JP Sigl, M Spencer, MK Vaughn, BH Voigt, DE Waddington, ED Wang, XF Wong, GJ AF Fudge, T. J. Steig, Eric J. Markle, Bradley R. Schoenemann, Spruce W. Ding, Qinghua Taylor, Kendrick C. McConnell, Joseph R. Brook, Edward J. Sowers, Todd White, James W. C. Alley, Richard B. Cheng, Hai Clow, Gary D. Cole-Dai, Jihong Conway, Howard Cuffey, Kurt M. Edwards, Jon S. Edwards, R. Lawrence Edwards, Ross Fegyveresi, John M. Ferris, David Fitzpatrick, Joan J. Johnson, Jay Hargreaves, Geoffrey Lee, James E. Maselli, Olivia J. Mason, William McGwire, Kenneth C. Mitchell, Logan E. Mortensen, Nicolai Neff, Peter Orsi, Anais J. Popp, Trevor J. Schauer, Andrew J. Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. Sigl, Michael Spencer, Matthew K. Vaughn, Bruce H. Voigt, Donald E. Waddington, Edwin D. Wang, Xianfeng Wong, Gifford J. CA WAIS Divide Project Members TI Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; ICE-CORE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLAR ICE; GREENLAND; CIRCULATION; CHRONOLOGY AB The cause of warming in the Southern Hemisphere during the most recent deglaciation remains a matter of debate(1,2). Hypotheses for a Northern Hemisphere trigger, through oceanic redistributions of heat, are based in part on the abrupt onset of warming seen in East Antarctic ice cores and dated to 18,000 years ago, which is several thousand years after high-latitude Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity began increasing from its minimum, approximately 24,000 years ago(3,4). An alternative explanation is that local solar insolation changes cause the Southern Hemisphere to warm independently(2,5). Here we present results from a new, annually resolved ice-core record from West Antarctica that reconciles these two views. The records show that 18,000 years ago snow accumulation in West Antarctica began increasing, coincident with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, warming in East Antarctica and cooling in the Northern Hemisphere(6) associated with an abrupt decrease in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(7). However, significant warming in West Antarctica began at least 2,000 years earlier. Circum-Antarctic sea-ice decline, driven by increasing local insolation, is the likely cause of this warming. The marine-influenced West Antarctic records suggest a more active role for the Southern Ocean in the onset of deglaciation than is inferred from ice cores in the East Antarctic interior, which are largely isolated from sea-ice changes. C1 [Fudge, T. J.; Steig, Eric J.; Markle, Bradley R.; Schoenemann, Spruce W.; Ding, Qinghua; Conway, Howard; Neff, Peter; Schauer, Andrew J.; Waddington, Edwin D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Steig, Eric J.; Ding, Qinghua] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taylor, Kendrick C.; McConnell, Joseph R.; Maselli, Olivia J.; McGwire, Kenneth C.; Sigl, Michael] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Brook, Edward J.; Edwards, Jon S.; Lee, James E.; Mitchell, Logan E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sowers, Todd; Alley, Richard B.; Fegyveresi, John M.; Voigt, Donald E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, James W. C.] Dept Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, James W. C.; Vaughn, Bruce H.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alley, Richard B.; Fegyveresi, John M.; Voigt, Donald E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Clow, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Cole-Dai, Jihong; Ferris, David] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Cuffey, Kurt M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edwards, Ross] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Fitzpatrick, Joan J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Johnson, Jay; Mortensen, Nicolai] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hargreaves, Geoffrey] US Geol Survey, Natl Ice Core Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mason, William] EMECH Designs, Brooklyn, WI 53521 USA. [Neff, Peter] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Orsi, Anais J.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Popp, Trevor J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Spencer, Matthew K.] Lake Super State Univ, Dept Geol & Phys, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Wang, Xianfeng] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Wong, Gifford J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Fudge, TJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tjfudge@uw.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Neff, Peter/B-3542-2014; Wang, Xianfeng/F-1233-2014; Maselli, Olivia/A-6687-2013; ding, qinghua/G-1186-2011; Cole-Dai, Jihong/B-2510-2009; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Taylor, Kendrick/A-3469-2016; Edwards, Ross/B-1433-2013; Mitchell, Logan/A-5481-2011; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Wang, Xianfeng/0000-0002-8614-5627; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Taylor, Kendrick/0000-0001-8535-1261; Edwards, Ross/0000-0002-9233-8775; Mitchell, Logan/0000-0002-8749-954X; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [0944197, 1043092, 0537930, 0944348, 0944191, 0440817, 0440819, 0230396, 0538427, 0839093, 1043518, 1043500, 05379853, 1043167, 1043528, 0539578, 0539232, 1103403, 0739780, 0637211, 0538553, 0839066, 0538657, 1043421, 1043313, 0801490]; NASA NESSF; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230524]; Singapore National Research Foundation [NRFF2011-08] FX This work was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF). The authors appreciate the support of the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office (M. Twickler and J. Souney) for the collection and distribution of the WAIS Divide ice core; Ice Drilling and Design and Operations (K. Dahnert) for drilling; the National Ice Core Laboratory (B. Bencivengo) for curating the core; Raytheon Polar Services (M. Kippenhan) for logistics support in Antarctica; and the 109th New York Air National Guard for airlift in Antarctica. We also thank C. Buizert and S. Marcott for discussions. The following individual NSF grants supported this work: 0944197 (E.D.W., H. Conway); 1043092, 0537930 (E.J.S.); 0944348, 0944191, 0440817, 0440819, 0230396 (K.C.T.); 0538427, 0839093 (J.R.M.); 1043518 (E.J.B.); 1043500 (T.S.); 05379853, 1043167 (J.W.C.W.); 1043528, 0539578 (R.B.A.); 0539232 (K.M.C., G.D.C.); 1103403 (R.L.E., H. Conway); 0739780 (R.E.); 0637211 (G.H.); 0538553, 0839066 (J.C.-D.), 0538657, 1043421 (J.P.S.); 1043313 (M.K.S.); 0801490 (G.J.W). Other support came from a NASA NESSF award (T.J.F.), the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program (G.D.C., J.J.F.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41230524 to H. Cheng) and the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRFF2011-08 to X.W.). NR 55 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 141 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 500 IS 7463 BP 440 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12376 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 203TJ UT WOS:000323316100031 ER PT J AU Schoolmaster, DR AF Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr. TI Resource competition and coexistence in heterogeneous metacommunities: many-species coexistence is unlikely to be facilitated by spatial variation in resources SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Metacommunity; Storage effect; Spatial heterogeneity; Resource variation; Competition AB There is little debate about the potential of environmental heterogeneity to facilitate species diversity. However, attempts to show the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and diversity empirically have given mixed results. One reason for this may be the failure to consider how species respond to the factor in the environment that varies. Most models of the heterogeneity-diversity relationship assume heterogeneity in non-resource environmental factors. These models show the potential for spatial heterogeneity to promote many-species coexistence via mainly the spatial storage effect. Here, I present a model of species competition under spatial heterogeneity and resource factors. This model allows for the stable coexistence of only two species. Partitioning the model to quantify the contributions of variation-dependent coexistence mechanisms shows contributions from only one mechanism, growth-density covariance. More notably, it shows the lack of potential for any contribution from the spatial storage effect, the only mechanism that can facilitate stable many-species coexistence. This happens because the spatial storage effect measures the contribution of different species to specializing on different parts of the gradient of the heterogeneous factor. Under simple models of resource competition, in which all species grow best at high resource levels, such specialization is impossible. This analysis suggests that, in the absence of additional mechanisms, spatial heterogeneity in a single resource is unlikely to facilitate many-species coexistence and, more generally, that when evaluating the relationship between heterogeneity and diversity, a distinction should be made between resource and non-resource factors. C1 [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schoolmaster, Donald R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Rivers Serv 5, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Schoolmaster, DR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM schoolm4@msu.edu OI Schoolmaster, Donald/0000-0003-0910-4458 FU AW Mellon Foundation FX This work was done while the author was funded under a grant from the AW Mellon Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 1 AR UNSP e136 DI 10.7717/peerj.136 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36BO UT WOS:000209188700001 PM 24010016 ER PT J AU Jankowski, MD Williams, CJ Fair, JM Owen, JC AF Jankowski, Mark D. Williams, Christopher J. Fair, Jeanne M. Owen, Jennifer C. TI Birds Shed RNA-Viruses According to the Pareto Principle SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; RECRUDESCENCE HYPOTHESIS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; GRAY CATBIRDS; TRANSMISSION AB A major challenge in disease ecology is to understand the role of individual variation of infection load on disease transmission dynamics and how this influences the evolution of resistance or tolerance mechanisms. Such information will improve our capacity to understand, predict, and mitigate pathogen-associated disease in all organisms. In many host-pathogen systems, particularly macroparasites and sexually transmitted diseases, it has been found that approximately 20% of the population is responsible for approximately 80% of the transmission events. Although host contact rates can account for some of this pattern, pathogen transmission dynamics also depend upon host infectiousness, an area that has received relatively little attention. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of pathogen shedding rates of 24 host (avian) - pathogen (RNA-virus) studies, including 17 bird species and five important zoonotic viruses. We determined that viral count data followed the Weibull distribution, the mean Gini coefficient (an index of inequality) was 0.687 (0.036 SEM), and that 22.0% (0.90 SEM) of the birds shed 80% of the virus across all studies, suggesting an adherence of viral shedding counts to the Pareto Principle. The relative position of a bird in a distribution of viral counts was affected by factors extrinsic to the host, such as exposure to corticosterone and to a lesser extent reduced food availability, but not to intrinsic host factors including age, sex, and migratory status. These data provide a quantitative view of heterogeneous virus shedding in birds that may be used to better parameterize epidemiological models and understand transmission dynamics. C1 [Jankowski, Mark D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pocatello, ID USA. [Jankowski, Mark D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Williams, Christopher J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fair, Jeanne M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Owen, Jennifer C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Owen, JC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM owenj@msu.edu NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 21 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e72611 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0072611 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218YW UT WOS:000324470100108 PM 23991129 ER PT J AU Stoliker, DL Campbell, KM Fox, PM Singer, DM Kaviani, N Carey, M Peck, NE Bargar, JR Kent, DB Davis, JA AF Stoliker, Deborah L. Campbell, Kate M. Fox, Patricia M. Singer, David M. Kaviani, Nazila Carey, Minna Peck, Nicole E. Bargar, John R. Kent, Douglas B. Davis, James A. TI Evaluating Chemical Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Uranium Oxidation State in Reduced Aquifer Sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL U(VI) REDUCTION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; DISSOLUTION; UO2; GROUNDWATER; CARBONATE; U(IV); BIOREDUCTION; REOXIDATION; COMPLEXES AB Extraction techniques utilizing high pH and (bi)carbonate concentrations were evaluated for their efficacy in determining the oxidation state of uranium (U) in reduced sediments collected from Rifle, CO. Differences in dissolved concentrations between oxic and anoxic extractions have been proposed as a means to quantify the U(VI) and U(IV) content of sediments. An additional step was added to anoxic extractions using a strong anion exchange resin to separate dissolved U(IV) and U(VI). X-ray spectroscopy showed that U(IV) in the sediments was present as polymerized precipitates similar to uraninite and/or less ordered U(IV), referred to as non-uraninite U(IV) species associated with biomass (NUSAB). Extractions of sediment containing both uraninite and NUSAB displayed higher dissolved uranium concentrations under oxic than anoxic conditions while extractions of sediment dominated by NUSAB resulted in identical dissolved U concentrations. Dissolved U(IV) was rapidly oxidized under anoxic conditions in all experiments. Uraninite reacted minimally under anoxic conditions but thermodynamic calculations show that its propensity to oxidize is sensitive to solution chemistry and sediment mineralogy. A universal method for quantification of U(IV) and U(VI) in sediments has not yet been developed but the chemical extractions, when combined with solid-phase characterization, have a narrow range of applicability for sediments without U(VI). C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Campbell, Kate M.; Fox, Patricia M.; Kaviani, Nazila; Carey, Minna; Kent, Douglas B.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Singer, David M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peck, Nicole E.; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stoliker, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov RI Fox, Patricia/I-2208-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Fox, Patricia/0000-0002-5264-1876; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR), through the Rifle IFRC; USGS National Water Quality Assessment, Hydraulic Research and Development, Toxic Substances Hydrology; USGS/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow Programs; DOE-SBR through the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Science Focus Area (SFA) program [10094] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR), through the Rifle IFRC. Additional funding was provided by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment, Hydraulic Research and Development, Toxic Substances Hydrology, and USGS/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow Programs. Column installation was supported by the DOE-SBR through the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Science Focus Area (SFA) program (work package 10094). The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Chris Fuller for gamma-spectrometry analysis and members of the Rifle IFRC and SLAC-SFA science teams past and present in conducting and harvesting in situ column experiments. A portion of this work was conducted at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute as an endorsement by the federal government. We thank three anonymous reviewers, the associate editor, and C. Fuller for helpful comments that strengthened this manuscript. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 16 BP 9225 EP 9232 DI 10.1021/es401450v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 205VA UT WOS:000323471700029 PM 23875928 ER PT J AU Prouty, NG Goodkin, NF Jones, R Lamborg, CH Storlazzi, CD Hughen, KA AF Prouty, N. G. Goodkin, N. F. Jones, R. Lamborg, C. H. Storlazzi, C. D. Hughen, K. A. TI Environmental assessment of metal exposure to corals living in Castle Harbour, Bermuda SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bermuda; Corals; Landfill; Trace metals; Resuspension; Sediment ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-METALS; HEAVY-METALS; PORITES CORALS; REEF CORALS; ORGANIC-CARBON; GROWTH BANDS; SARGASSO SEA; 2 CENTURIES; HONG-KONG AB Environmental contamination in Castle Harbour, Bermuda, has been linked to the dissolution and leaching of contaminants from the adjacent marine landfill. This study expands the evidence for environmental impact of leachate from the landfill by quantitatively demonstrating elevated metal uptake over the last 30 years in corals growing in Castle Harbour. Coral Pb/Ca, Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios and total Hg concentrations are elevated relative to an adjacent control site in John Smith's Bay. The temporal variability in the Castle Harbour coral records suggests that while the landfill has increased in size over the last 35 years, the dominant input of metals is through periodic leaching of contaminants from the municipal landfill and surrounding sediment. Elevated contaminants in the surrounding sediment suggest that resuspension is an important transport medium for transferring heavy metals to corals. Increased winds, particularly during the 1990s, were accompanied by higher coral metal composition at Castle Harbour. Coupled with wind-induced resuspension, interannual changes in sea level within the Harbour can lead to increased bioavailability of sediment-bound metals and subsequent coral metal assimilation. At John Smith's Bay, large scale convective mixing may be driving interannual metal variability in the coral record rather than impacts from land-based activities. Results from this study provide important insights into the coupling of natural variability and anthropogenic input of contaminants to the nearshore environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prouty, N. G.; Goodkin, N. F.; Lamborg, C. H.; Hughen, K. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Prouty, N. G.; Storlazzi, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Jones, R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda. [Jones, R.] UWA Oceans Inst M096, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Prouty, NG (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nprouty@usgs.gov RI Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013; OI Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149; Goodkin, Nathalie/0000-0001-9697-5520; Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; NSF [OCE-0402728]; Cove Point Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from a postdoctoral scholarship to N.G. Prouty from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and grants from the NSF (OCE-0402728; K. Hughen) and the Cove Point Foundation (C. Lamborg). We would like to thank A. Cohen for providing coral samples, BIOS for assistance with CH coral collection, and S. Birdwhistle (WHOI) for analytical assistance during this study. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were very constructive and helped improve the manuscript. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 154 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.002 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 179SI UT WOS:000321541200006 ER PT J AU Chander, G Haque, MO Sampath, A Brunn, A Trosset, G Hoffmann, D Roloff, S Thiele, M Anderson, C AF Chander, G. Haque, M. O. Sampath, A. Brunn, A. Trosset, G. Hoffmann, D. Roloff, S. Thiele, M. Anderson, C. TI Radiometric and geometric assessment of data from the RapidEye constellation of satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSAT DATA; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; IMAGE AB To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface using imagery acquired from multiple spaceborne imaging sensors. The RapidEye (RE) satellite constellation acquires high-resolution satellite images covering the entire globe within a very short period of time by sensors identical in construction and cross-calibrated to each other. To evaluate the RE high-resolution Multi-spectral Imager (MSI) sensor capabilities, a cross-comparison between the RE constellation of sensors was performed first using image statistics based on large common areas observed over pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS) by the sensors and, second, by comparing the on-orbit radiometric calibration temporal trending over a large number of calibration sites. For any spectral band, the individual responses measured by the five satellites of the RE constellation were found to differ <2-3% from the average constellation response depending on the method used for evaluation. Geometric assessment was also performed to study the positional accuracy and relative band-to-band (B2B) alignment of the image data sets. The position accuracy was assessed by comparing the RE imagery against high-resolution aerial imagery, while the B2B characterization was performed by registering each band against every other band to ensure that the proper band alignment is provided for an image product. The B2B results indicate that the internal alignments of these five RE bands are in agreement, with bands typically registered to within 0.25 pixels of each other or better. C1 [Chander, G.; Haque, M. O.; Sampath, A.] SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Brunn, A.; Trosset, G.; Hoffmann, D.; Roloff, S.; Thiele, M.; Anderson, C.] RapidEye AG, D-10719 Berlin, Germany. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov OI Sampath, Aparajithan/0000-0002-6922-4913 FU Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE); US Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was jointly conducted by USGS Remote Sensing Technologies (RST) Project staff members and the RapidEye team under the auspices of the Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE). We sincerely thank Denis Naughton for coordinating this work before leaving RapidEye. The reviewers' comments were particularly valuable and their efforts are greatly appreciated. The work of G. Chander, M. O. Haque, and A. Sampath was supported by the US Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 16 BP 5905 EP 5925 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.798877 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161IZ UT WOS:000320187700016 ER PT J AU Shuai, YM Schaaf, C Zhang, XY Strahler, A Roy, D Morisette, J Wang, ZS Nightingale, J Nickeson, J Richardson, AD Xie, DH Wang, JD Li, XW Strabala, K Davies, JE AF Shuai, Yanmin Schaaf, Crystal Zhang, Xiaoyang Strahler, Alan Roy, David Morisette, Jeffrey Wang, Zhuosen Nightingale, Joanne Nickeson, Jaime Richardson, Andrew D. Xie, Donghui Wang, Jindi Li, Xiaowen Strabala, Kathleen Davies, James E. TI Daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy direct broadcast (DB) products for monitoring vegetation phenology dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; SPRING PHENOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; NEAR-SURFACE; RAINY-SEASON; REAL-TIME; VARIABILITY AB Land surface vegetation phenology is an efficient bio-indicator for monitoring ecosystem variation in response to changes in climatic factors. The primary objective of the current article is to examine the utility of the daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy direct broadcast (DB) product for monitoring the evolution of vegetation phenological trends over selected crop, orchard, and forest regions. Although numerous model-fitted satellite data have been widely used to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of land surface phenological patterns to understand phenological process and phenomena, current efforts to investigate the details of phenological trends, especially for natural phenological variations that occur on short time scales, are less well served by remote sensing challenges and lack of anisotropy correction in satellite data sources. The daily MODIS 500 m reflectance anisotropy product is employed to retrieve daily vegetation indices (VI) of a 1 year period for an almond orchard in California and for a winter wheat field in northeast China, as well as a 2 year period for a deciduous forest region in New Hampshire, USA. Compared with the ground records from these regions, the VI trajectories derived from the cloud-free and atmospherically corrected MODIS Nadir BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) adjusted reflectance (NBAR) capture not only the detailed footprint and principal attributes of the phenological events (such as flowering and blooming) but also the substantial inter-annual variability. This study demonstrates the utility of the daily 500 m MODIS reflectance anisotropy DB product to provide daily VI for monitoring and detecting changes of the natural vegetation phenology as exemplified by study regions comprising winter wheat, almond trees, and deciduous forest. C1 [Shuai, Yanmin] NASA, ERT Inc, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal; Wang, Zhuosen] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Strahler, Alan] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Roy, David] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, DOI North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Nightingale, Joanne; Nickeson, Jaime] NASA, Sigma Space Corp, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing Key Lab Remote Sensing Environm & Digital, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xie, Donghui; Wang, Jindi; Li, Xiaowen] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Strabala, Kathleen; Davies, James E.] UW Madison, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shuai, YM (reprint author), NASA, ERT Inc, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yanmin.Shuai@nasa.gov RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714 FU NASA [NNX08AE94A]; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [OFSLRSS201102]; National Science Foundation, through the Macrosystems Biology programme [EF-1065029]; Northeastern States Research Cooperative; US Geological Survey Status and Trends Program; US National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; USA National Phenology Network through US Geological Survey [G10AP00129] FX This work was supported by NASA NNX08AE94A. The authors would like to thank researchers at the YCES (Yucheng Experiment Station, Chinese Academic Sciences (CAS)), contributors to the blue diamond website (http://www.bluediamond.com/applications/in-the-field), contributors to the foliage network (http://www.foliagenetwork.net), researchers at the Bartlett Experiment Forest site for providing the ground phenology information, and a thorough and thoughtful review of the manuscript by Jesslyn Brown, US Geological Survey. Dr Donghui Xie acknowledges support from the open funding programme of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (#OFSLRSS201102). Dr Andrew D. Richardson acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, through the Macrosystems Biology programme, award EF-1065029; the Northeastern States Research Cooperative; and the US Geological Survey Status and Trends Program, the US National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the USA National Phenology Network through grant number G10AP00129 from the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 63 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 16 BP 5997 EP 6016 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.803169 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161IZ UT WOS:000320187700021 ER PT J AU Russoniello, CJ Fernandez, C Bratton, JF Banaszak, JF Krantz, DE Andres, AS Konikow, LF Michael, HA AF Russoniello, Christopher J. Fernandez, Cristina Bratton, John F. Banaszak, Joel F. Krantz, David E. Andres, A. Scott Konikow, Leonard F. Michael, Holly A. TI Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Submarine groundwater discharge; Paleovalley; Seepage meter; Chirp seismic; Continuous resistivity profiling ID PORE-WATER EXCHANGE; INDIAN RIVER BAY; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; COASTAL OCEAN; SEEPAGE METER; WAQUOIT BAY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SUBMARINE; NITROGEN; INTERFACE AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (n = 551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Russoniello, Christopher J.; Fernandez, Cristina; Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bratton, John F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Banaszak, Joel F.; Krantz, David E.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci Geol & Ecol, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Andres, A. Scott] Univ Delaware, Delaware Geol Survey, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Konikow, Leonard F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, 255 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010; OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 FU Center for the Inland Bays; National Science Foundation [EAR-0910756, EAR-0911805]; Delaware Geological Survey; University of Delaware Water Resources Center FX We thank University of Delaware students and postdocs Andrew Musetto, Kevin Myers, Deon Knights, James Heiss, Lindsay Byron, Md. Mahfuzur Khan, Sean Krepski, Audrey Sawyer, Fang Tan, Nicholas Spalt, and Stephen Gonski for assistance in the field. VeeAnn Cross of the US Geological Survey provided invaluable assistance in geophysical data processing and imaging. Donald Rosenberry of the US Geological Survey and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments and reviews that improved the manuscript. Programs within the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control including the Water Supply Section, Subaqueous Lands Section, and Division of Parks and Recreation are thanked for their efforts to issue the necessary permits and for providing access to facilities. We also thank Christopher Bason and the Center for the Inland Bays for facilities and support. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0910756 and EAR-0911805). Additional financial support was provided by the Delaware Geological Survey and the Undergraduate Internship Program of the University of Delaware Water Resources Center. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1661. NR 87 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 498 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 208OK UT WOS:000323688800001 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Sanchez, I Phanikumar, MS Niu, J Masoner, JR Cozzarelli, IM McGuire, JT AF Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza Phanikumar, Mantha S. Niu, Jie Masoner, Jason R. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. McGuire, Jennifer T. TI Quantifying wetland-aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetland; Aquifer; Climate change; Biogeochemical processes ID WATER-BALANCE; LANDFILL-LEACHATE; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; DOWNWARD APPROACH; LAKES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; EVAPORATION; RECHARGE; ISOTOPE AB Wetlands are widely recognized as sentinels of global climate change. Long-term monitoring data combined with process-based modeling has the potential to shed light on key processes and how they change over time. This paper reports the development and application of a simple water balance model based on long-term climate, soil, vegetation and hydrological dynamics to quantify groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions at the Norman landfill research site in Oklahoma, USA. Our integrated approach involved model evaluation by means of the following independent measurements: (a) groundwater inflow calculation using stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (O-16, O-18, H-1, H-2); (b) seepage flux measurements in the wetland hyporheic sediment; and (c) pan evaporation measurements on land and in the wetland. The integrated approach was useful for identifying the dominant hydrological processes at the site, including recharge and subsurface flows. Simulated recharge compared well with estimates obtained using isotope methods from previous studies and allowed us to identify specific annual signatures of this important process during the period of study (1997-2007). Similarly, observations of groundwater inflow and outflow rates to and from the wetland using seepage meters and isotope methods were found to be in good agreement with simulation results. Results indicate that subsurface flow components in the system are seasonal and readily respond to rainfall events. The wetland water balance is dominated by local groundwater inputs and regional groundwater flow contributes little to the overall water balance. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza; Phanikumar, Mantha S.; Niu, Jie] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza] Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Ingn & Arquitectura, Mexico City 07740, DF, Mexico. [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McGuire, Jennifer T.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 1449 Engn Res Court,Room A130, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM imendozas@ipn.mx; phani@msu.edu; niujie@msu.edu; jmasoner@usgs.gov; icozzare@usgs.gov; jtmcguire@stthomas.edu OI Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza/0000-0002-1498-8705; Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0418488]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS National Research Program FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation, Biocomplexity of the Environment grant EAR-0418488. This research was also supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS National Research Program. We would like to thank the staff of the USGS in Reston, Virginia, for field and analytical support, in particular Jeanne B. Jaeschke for chemical analyses and Kevin Smith for sample collection and well installation. The authors also thank James W. LaBaugh and Hedeff Essaid, USGS for their insightful comments which greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 498 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 208OK UT WOS:000323688800020 ER PT J AU Dreyfus, D Rathje, EM Jibson, RW AF Dreyfus, Daniel Rathje, Ellen M. Jibson, Randall W. TI The influence of different simplified sliding-block models and input parameters on regional predictions of seismic landslides triggered by the Northridge earthquake SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Northridge earthquake; Landslide; Seismic hazards; Seismic slope stability ID PACOIMA-CANYON; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION; SLOPES AB Regional seismic landslide hazard maps are based on predictions of rigid-sliding-block displacement derived from estimates of earthquake ground shaking, topography, geology, and shear strength. The confidence in these predictions requires comparisons with field observations of landslide occurrence during previous well-documented earthquakes. This paper presents a comparison between observed landslides from the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake and predicted landslides based on sliding-block displacement estimates. Seven empirical displacement models, each of which uses a different combination of ground-motion parameters, are investigated to evaluate which models and associated ground-motion parameters best predict seismic landslides. Using best estimates of ground shaking and shear-strength properties from the Northridge earthquake, sliding displacements are calculated and compared with the locations of observed landslides. Only 20-40% of the observed landslides are captured and the total area of predicted landslides is much larger than observed. The ability to predict landslide occurrence accurately depends less on the displacement model and associated ground-motion parameters, and more on the uncertainty in the model parameters, particularly the assigned shear-strengths. Because current approaches do not take into account the spatial variability of shear strength within individual geologic units, the accuracy of the predictive models is controlled predominantly by the distribution of slope angles within a geologic unit. Assigning overly conservative (low) shear-strength values results in a higher percentage of landslides accurately identified but also results in a large over-estimation of the total landslide area Making more accurate maps of seismic landslide hazards will require methods to define intra-formational variations in shear strength. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dreyfus, Daniel; Rathje, Ellen M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jibson, Randall W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rathje, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, 301 E Dean Keeton St,Stop C1700, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM danieldreyfus@gmail.com; e.rathje@mail.utexas.edu; jibson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior [G09AP00131] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under grant G09AP00131. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD AUG 19 PY 2013 VL 163 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.05.015 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 204VI UT WOS:000323399000005 ER PT J AU Stolk, W Kaban, M Beekman, F Tesauro, M Mooney, WD Cloetingh, S AF Stolk, Ward Kaban, Mikhail Beekman, Fred Tesauro, Magdala Mooney, Walter D. Cloetingh, Sierd TI High resolution regional crustal models from irregularly distributed data: Application to Asia and adjacent areas SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Crustal model; Interpolation method; Remove-compute-restore; Asia ID SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN; ANGLE SEISMIC DATA; DENSITY INHOMOGENEITIES; GRAVITY-FIELD; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; MECHANISMS; SUBSIDENCE; STRENGTH AB We propose a new methodology to obtain crustal models in areas where data is sparse and data spreading is heterogeneous. This new method involves both interpolating the depth to the Moho discontinuity between observations and estimating a velocity-depth curve for the crust at each interpolation location. The Moho observations are interpolated using a remove-compute-restore technique, used in for instance geodesy. Observations are corrected first for Airy type isostasy. The residual observations show less variation than the original observations, making interpolation more reliable. After interpolation, the applied correction is restored to the solution, leading to the final estimate of Moho depth. The crustal velocities have been estimated by fitting a velocity-depth curve through available data at each interpolation location. Uncertainty of the model is assessed, both for the Moho and the velocity model. The method has been applied successfully to Asia. The resulting crustal model is provided in digital form and can be used in various geophysical applications, for instance in assessing rheological properties and strength profiles of the lithosphere, the correcting gravity for the crustal effects, seismic tomography and geothermal modelling. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stolk, Ward; Beekman, Fred; Cloetingh, Sierd] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Stolk, Ward; Kaban, Mikhail; Tesauro, Magdala] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect 1 3, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stolk, W (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, POB 80-021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM w.stolk@uu.nl RI Cloetingh, Sierd/E-5194-2012 OI Cloetingh, Sierd/0000-0001-9472-7881 FU Netherlands Space Organisation (SRON), under the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES); USGS National Earthquake Hazards Program FX This research was performed on a grant by the Netherlands Space Organisation (SRON), under the auspices of Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (ISES) and in close cooperation with the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum-Helmholtz Zentrum, Potsdam. Partial support from the USGS National Earthquake Hazards Program is appreciated. We thank the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on our manuscript. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 602 SI SI BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.022 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 210SR UT WOS:000323855300004 ER PT J AU Lease, RO Ehlers, TA AF Lease, Richard O. Ehlers, Todd A. TI Incision into the Eastern Andean Plateau During Pliocene Cooling SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; CANYON INCISION; NORTHERN CHILE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN PERU; ICE CORES; EL-NINO; STRATIGRAPHY; MECHANISMS; HISTORY AB Canyon incision into mountain topography is commonly used as a proxy for surface uplift driven by tectonic or geodynamic processes, but climatic changes can also instigate incision. The similar to 1250-kilometer (km)-long eastern margin of the Andean Plateau hosts a series of 1.5- to 2.5-km-deep canyons that cross major deformation zones. Using (U-Th)/He thermochronology, we document a transition from Miocene faulting to Pliocene canyon incision across the northeastern plateau margin. Regionally, widespread Pliocene incision into the eastern plateau margin is concurrent with a shift in global climate from early Pliocene warmth to late Pliocene cooling. Enhanced moisture transport onto the Andean Plateau driven by sea surface temperature changes during cooling is the likely pacemaker for canyon incision. C1 [Lease, Richard O.; Ehlers, Todd A.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. RP Lease, RO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rlease@usgs.gov RI Ehlers, Todd/A-9582-2012; OI Lease, Richard/0000-0003-2582-8966 FU NSF Continental Dynamics program [EAR-0907817] FX We thank E. Enkelmann and P. Reiners for laboratory assistance, N. Eichelberger for field assistance, and the NSF Continental Dynamics program for support (EAR-0907817 to T.A.E.). The data reported in this paper are available in the supplementary materials. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 16 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6147 BP 774 EP 776 DI 10.1126/science.1239132 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201DZ UT WOS:000323122200044 PM 23950534 ER PT J AU Van Metre, PC Horowitz, AJ AF Van Metre, Peter C. Horowitz, Arthur J. TI An 80-year record of sediment quality in the lower Mississippi River SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE sediment core; trends; metals; PCBs; PAHs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REFERENCE LAKE-SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; EASTERN CANADA; WATER-QUALITY; 1993 FLOOD; TRENDS AB In 1937, the US Army Corps of Engineers cut through the neck of a large meander on the lower Mississippi River (below the confluence with the Ohio River) forming the Caulk Neck cutoff and creating Lake Whittington, a 26-km long oxbow lake, in northern Mississippi. Since 1938, seasonal flooding and a boat channel connecting the lake with the Mississippi River have led to sediment accumulation in the lake, resulting in an 80-year record of sediment quality in the river. On the basis of an age-dated sediment core from the lake, trends in trace metals and hydrophobic organic compounds (except polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) follow well-known patterns with upward trends from the 1930s to the ca 1970s, followed by downward trends to the present. Two factors contribute to these patterns: reservoir construction and changes in emissions. The construction of seven large reservoirs on the Missouri River, in particular the closure of the Fort Randall (1953) and Gavins Point (1955) Dams, greatly reduced the load of relatively clean sediment to the Mississippi River, likely contributing to downstream increases in contaminant concentrations in the Mississippi River. Increasing anthropogenic emissions also contributed to upward trends until ca 1970 when major environmental policy actions began resulting in broad decreases in emissions and downward trends in the concentrations of most of the contaminants monitored. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phosphorus are partial exceptions to this pattern, with increases to the 1960s and variable concentrations showing no clear trend since. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Van Metre, Peter C.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Horowitz, Arthur J.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Van Metre, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM pcvanmet@usgs.gov OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 FU USGS NAWQA Program FX This study was supported by the USGS NAWQA Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2438 EP 2448 DI 10.1002/hyp.9336 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 285ZA UT WOS:000329432700005 ER PT J AU Larsen, JF Sliwinski, MG Nye, C Cameron, C Schaefer, JR AF Larsen, Jessica F. Sliwinski, Maciej G. Nye, Christopher Cameron, Cheryl Schaefer, Janet R. TI The 2008 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: Petrological and geochemical constraints on the subsurface magma plumbing system SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Basaltic andesite; Melt inclusions; Okmok Volcano; Petrology; Geochemistry ID MELT INCLUSIONS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; SILICATE-GLASSES; BASALTIC GLASSES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; OLIVINE; H2O; LIQUID; WATER; ARC AB The July-August 2008 phreatomagmatic eruption of Okmok Volcano produced similar to 0.26 km(3) (DRE) of phenocrystpoor (1 to 2 vol.%) basaltic andesite ejecta, compositionally distinct from the basalt erupted during 1997 (51.90 wt.% SiO2). Analyzed juvenile products are tan to dark gray vesicular lapilli (scoria), and dense, purple-black bombs. Whole-rock compositions cluster tightly (54.97 +/- 0.25 wt.% SiO2). The eruption also produced mafic ash containing basaltic groundmass glasses (52 wt.% SiO2) and olivine-hosted melt inclusions (down to 47 wt.% SiO2). The scoria and early-erupted ash contain compositionally similar plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine phenocrysts. Olivine phenocrysts in the scoria and ash are not in equilibrium with the basaltic andesite whole-rock composition. Olivine-hosted melt inclusions yield 0.11 (+/-0.04) to 3.61 (+/-1.24) wt.% total H2O by mu-FTIR with an average of 123 +/- 0.68 (1 sigma) wt.%. Three inclusions contain CO2 = 37 to 49 ppm with the rest below detection. Solubility model-derived inclusion entrapment/re-equilibration depths extend from near surface to 4.6 (+/-2.5) km, in agreement with recent geophysical studies. The 2008 eruption was triggered by an influx of melt-rich basalt originating from the 3 to 6 km storage region beneath the center of the caldera, which intersected a shallower, more evolved magma body beneath Cone D. Our study concludes that the Okmok magma system is "mush-column" like, containing multiple magma bodies with a common and frequent replenishment source, but segregated with unique geochemical signatures. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, Jessica F.; Sliwinski, Maciej G.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.; Sliwinski, Maciej G.] Univ Alaska, Geophys & Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Nye, Christopher; Cameron, Cheryl; Schaefer, Janet R.] State Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Larsen, Jessica F.; Nye, Christopher; Cameron, Cheryl; Schaefer, Janet R.] Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Larsen, JF (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Geol, Rm 308 Reichardt Bldg,900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jflarsen@alaska.edu FU USGS [G10AC00028] FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Lonnie Kennedy in appreciation of the generous support he and his family gave to our field crews over several seasons of AVO fieldwork at Okmok Volcano. This study was supported by USGS American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Award # G10AC00028 to S. McNutt of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Murdock Trust provided funds to purchase the UAF mu-FTIR system. We thank James Beget, Tina Neal, Michelle Coombs, and Michael Ott for comments, discussions and sharing of ideas and data from Okmok that helped enrich this study. Jonathan Castro and Corrado Cimarelli provided insightful reviews that greatly improved the study. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 264 BP 85 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.07.003 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246SG UT WOS:000326558800008 ER PT J AU Lachowycz, SM Pyle, DM Mather, TA Varley, NR Odbert, HM Cole, PD Reyes-Davila, GA AF Lachowycz, Stefan M. Pyle, David M. Mather, Tamsin A. Varley, Nick R. Odbert, Henry M. Cole, Paul D. Reyes-Davila, Gabriel A. TI Long-range correlations identified in time-series of volcano seismicity during dome-forming eruptions using detrended fluctuation analysis SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Volcano seismology; Detrended fluctuation analysis; Lava dome; Eruption dynamics; Soufriere Hills Volcano; Volcan de Colima ID SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; ETNA VOLCANO; MAGMA MOVEMENT; MEXICO; COLIMA; MONTSERRAT; ORGANIZATION; EXPLANATION; GROWTH AB Understanding the underlying structure of data from volcano monitoring is essential to identify precursors to changes in eruptive activity and to comprehend volcanic processes. However, effective analysis of longer-term trends in these signals is challenging as volcanic data are not necessarily statistically stationary or linear, particularly those from lava dome-forming volcanoes, which are commonly characterised by pulsatory eruptive activity. Here, we use detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), a statistical technique previously applied to nonstationary data, to identify long-range (slowly decaying, e.g. power-law) correlations in a number of time-series of volcano seismicity recorded during the recent dome-forming eruptions of Volcan de Colima, Mexico, and Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. For all the time-series analysed, correlation strength varies through time and/or on different timescales; in some cases, this variation is periodic, seasonal, and/or related to activity. These results may provide new insights into eruptive processes and possibly further constrain the generation mechanisms of a number of the volcano-seismic event classes analysed. Furthermore, the correlation properties of real-time seismic measurements are shown (retrospectively) to contain information valuable to real-time volcano monitoring that is not identifiable by conventional analysis techniques. This study therefore demonstrates that long-range correlation analysis may be useful for extracting additional information from monitoring data at dome-forming or similar volcanoes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lachowycz, Stefan M.; Pyle, David M.; Mather, Tamsin A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, Oxon, England. [Varley, Nick R.] Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias, Colima 28045, Mexico. [Odbert, Henry M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Cole, Paul D.] Montserrat Volcano Observ, Salem, MA USA. [Cole, Paul D.] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Reyes-Davila, Gabriel A.] Univ Colima, Ctr Univ Estudios & Invest Vulcanol, Colima 28045, Mexico. RP Lachowycz, SM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, Oxon, England. EM stefan.lachowycz@earth.ox.ac.uk; david.pyle@earth.ox.ac.uk; tamsin.mather@earth.ox.ac.uk; nick@ucol.mx; h.odbert@bristol.ac.uk; paul.cole@plymouth.ac.uk; gard@ucol.mx RI Mather, Tamsin/A-7604-2011; Lachowycz, Stefan/H-9542-2013; Pyle, David/C-5707-2009; Cole, Paul/A-8454-2011; OI Mather, Tamsin/0000-0003-4259-7303; Lachowycz, Stefan/0000-0002-4380-1110; Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940; Cole, Paul/0000-0002-2964-311X FU Burdett-Coutts (Oxford Department of Earth Sciences); Lydia Press Memorial Funds; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I528485/1]; British Geological Survey University Funding Initiative [S198]; University College Oxford; NERC/ESRC [NE/J020001/1, NE/J020051/1]; Universidad de Colima FRABA [668/10] FX The data analysed in this study were provided by Red Sismica de Colima and the Centro de Intercambio e Investigacion en Vulcanologla (CIIV) of the Universidad de Colima, and the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO; with thanks to C. Eligon and V. Bass). This work was started during internships at the CIIV and MVO. We also thank O. Lamb (University of Oxford) for assistance with the spectral analysis, and M. Little (now at Aston University) for advice about DFA. This work was supported by grants to S.M. Lachowycz from the Burdett-Coutts (Oxford Department of Earth Sciences) and Lydia Press Memorial Funds, and studentships from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/I528485/1), British Geological Survey University Funding Initiative (S198), and University College Oxford. D.M. Pyle and TA Mather are supported by and contribute to the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation 'Dynamic Earth and Geohazards' group and, with P.D. Cole, also the NERC/ESRC 'Strengthening Resilience in Volcanic Areas' project (NE/J020001/1 and NE/J020051/1). N.R. Varley has been supported by grants from Universidad de Colima FRABA 668/10. We thank R. Carniel and S. De la Cruz-Reyna for reviews that significantly improved this article. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 264 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.07.009 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246SG UT WOS:000326558800016 ER PT J AU Carbone, D Poland, MP Patrick, MR Orr, TR AF Carbone, Daniele Poland, Michael P. Patrick, Matthew R. Orr, Tim R. TI Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gravity measurements; Kilauea Volcano; lava lake; mass loss; lava density; fissure eruption ID STROMBOLI VOLCANO; ERUPTION; CONVECTION; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS; INSIGHT AB On 5 March 2011, the lava lake within the summit eruptive vent at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, began to drain as magma withdrew to feed a dike intrusion and fissure eruption on the volcano's east rift zone. The draining was monitored by a variety of continuous geological and geophysical measurements, including deformation, thermal and visual imagery, and gravity. Over the first similar to 14 hours of the draining, the ground near the eruptive vent subsided by about 0.15 m, gravity dropped by more than 100 mu Gal, and the lava lake retreated by over 120 m. We used GPS data to correct the gravity signal for the effects of subsurface mass loss and vertical deformation in order to isolate the change in gravity due to draining of the lava lake alone. Using a model of the eruptive vent geometry based on visual observations and the lava level over time determined from thermal camera data, we calculated the best-fit lava density to the observed gravity decrease - to our knowledge, the first geophysical determination of the density of a lava lake anywhere in the world. Our result, 950 +/- 300 kg m(-3), suggests a lava density less than that of water and indicates that Kilauea's lava lake is gas-rich, which can explain why rockfalls that impact the lake trigger small explosions. Knowledge of such a fundamental material property as density is also critical to investigations of lava-lake convection and degassing and can inform calculations of pressure change in the subsurface magma plumbing system. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carbone, Daniele] Osservatorio Etneo, Sez Catania, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Poland, Michael P.; Patrick, Matthew R.; Orr, Tim R.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Carbone, D (reprint author), Osservatorio Etneo, Sez Catania, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM carbone@ct.ingv.it RI Carbone, Daniele/H-7649-2014; OI Carbone, Daniele/0000-0003-2566-6290; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) [G-721, Aliod-100] FX We are grateful to Mike Lisowski (USGS - Cascades Volcano Observatory) for assistance with high-rate GPS data processing. Funding for upgrading gravimeter G-721 with the Aliod-100 electronic feedback system was provided by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA). Terrestrial lidar data were collected by Dave Finnegan and Adam LeWinter (Cold Regions Research Lab). The manuscript was improved by constructive reviews from Mike Webring, Philippe Jousset, and an anonymous reviewer, to whom we offer our thanks. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 376 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.024 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 225MV UT WOS:000324967900017 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Hein, JR Nemeth, T Pal-Molnar, E Vigh, T AF Polgari, Marta Hein, J. R. Nemeth, T. Pal-Molnar, E. Vigh, T. TI Celadonite and smectite formation in the Urkut Mn-carbonate ore deposit (Hungary) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jurassic; Mn carbonate ore; Celadonite; Nontronite; Microbial Fe oxidation ID RED-SEA; ORIGIN; NONTRONITE; PACIFIC; SEDIMENTS; DEEP AB Synsedimentary and early diagenetic oxygen levels are estimated by evaluating celadonite-smectite formation in Jurassic marine black shale-hosted manganese carbonates. Celadonite formed under suboxic-dysaerobic conditions, Al-rich Fe-smectite formed under suboxic-anaerobic conditions, and nontronite formed under anoxic-anaerobic conditions during sedimentary burial. A genetic pathway by direct precipitation from solution is proposed for the enormous mass of celadonite based on mineral and textural evidence. Lamination of the manganese ore is independent of clay-mineral composition and was created by a series of mineralized Fe-rich biomats. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polgari, Marta; Nemeth, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Geosci, Inst Geol & Geochem, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. [Hein, J. R.] USGS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pal-Molnar, E.] Univ Szeged, Dept Mineral Geochem & Petr, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary. [Vigh, T.] Mangan Ltd, H-8409 Urkut, Hungary. RP Polgari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Geosci, Inst Geol & Geochem, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary. EM rodokrozit@gmail.com; jhein@usgs.gov; palm@geo.u-szeged.hu; manganvigh@vnet.hu FU Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA-NKTH) [K 68992] FX The study was supported by the Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA-NKTH No. K 68992). We thank Barrie Bolton and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews of this paper. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 294 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.05.017 PG 7 WC Geology SC Geology GA 218RS UT WOS:000324450700012 ER PT J AU Smalling, KL Kuivila, KM Orlando, JL Phillips, BM Anderson, BS Siegler, K Hunt, JW Hamilton, M AF Smalling, Kelly L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. Orlando, James L. Phillips, Bryn M. Anderson, Brian S. Siegler, Katie Hunt, John W. Hamilton, Mary TI Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Fungicide; Current-use pesticide; Accumulation; Tissue; Water; Sediment ID MULTI-RESIDUE METHOD; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; WATER-QUALITY; SALMON; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; BIOACCUMULATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; POLLUTION AB The current study documents the fate of current-use pesticides in an agriculturally-dominated central California coastal estuary by focusing on the occurrence in water, sediment and tissue of resident aquatic organisms. Three fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin), one herbicide (propyzamide) and two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected frequently. Dissolved pesticide concentrations in the estuary corresponded to the timing of application while bed sediment pesticide concentrations correlated with the distance from potential sources. Fungicides and insecticides were detected frequently in fish and invertebrates collected near the mouth of the estuary and the contaminant profiles differed from the sediment and water collected. This is the first study to document the occurrence of many current-use pesticides, including fungicides, in tissue. Limited information is available on the uptake, accumulation and effects of current-use pesticides on non-target organisms. Additional data are needed to understand the impacts of pesticides, especially in small agriculturally-dominated estuaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.; Orlando, James L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Phillips, Bryn M.; Anderson, Brian S.; Siegler, Katie; Hunt, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hamilton, Mary] Calif Cent Coast Reg Water Qual Control Board, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. RP Smalling, KL (reprint author), 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95818 USA. EM ksmall@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU California State Water Resources Control Board [06-652-553-0]; U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Program; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX The authors acknowledge Michelle Hladik, Jason Cooper, Kristi Jones and Ryan Todd of the USGS, and Jennifer Voorhees of the University of California at Davis Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory for their many hours of sampling and laboratory work. The authors also thank Elena Nilsen of the USGS for her thoughtful review of the manuscript. We also thank the Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. This project was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board (Contract 06-652-553-0), the U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Program and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 97 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.05.028 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 207GM UT WOS:000323586900029 PM 23790458 ER PT J AU Xu, XJ Zhou, GM Liu, SG Du, HQ Mo, LF Shi, YJ Jiang, H Zhou, YF Liu, EB AF Xu, Xiaojun Zhou, Guomo Liu, Shuguang Du, Huaqiang Mo, Lufeng Shi, Yongjun Jiang, Hong Zhou, Yufeng Liu, Enbin TI Implications of ice storm damages on the water and carbon cycle of bamboo forests in southeastern China SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ice storm damages; Gross Primary Production; Evapotranspiration; Ecosystem models; Moso bamboo forests ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; DROUGHT-INDUCED REDUCTION; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; PHYLLOSTACHYS-PUBESCENS; MOSO BAMBOO; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; LEAF-AREA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; NONLINEAR INVERSION; ABOVEGROUND CARBON AB Extreme climate events have significant impacts on carbon and water exchanges between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. Quantification of extreme climate event effects on carbon and water exchanges of forests can improve our understanding of the feedbacks between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere in the context of global change. This study analyzes the impacts of the early 2008 ice storm that occurred in southeastern China. The impacts on the Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Evapotranspiration (ET) of Moso bamboo forests were analyzed using ecosystem models, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, and Eddy Covariance flux tower measurements. Interannual differences in GPP and ET were divided into three parts: (1) environmental-dependent, (2) biophysical-dependent, and (3) ice storm damage-dependent. Our results showed that the GPP and ET of Moso bamboo forests were accurately predicted using the remote sensing-driven Penman-Monteith (RS-PM) and Eddy Covariance Light Use Efficiency (EC-LUE) models, respectively. The early 2008 ice storm caused a slight decrease in annual ET and GPP, mainly during the ice storm. Plant transpiration had a slight decrease, but soil (background) evaporation increased because of the reduction in Leaf Area Index (LAI) caused by ice storm effects. This ice storm decreased annual mean GPP by 0.17 g C m(-2) d(-1) (roughly 3% of average GPP in 2008) since the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) approached to zero because of ice and snow cover effects. Ice storm damage effects on ET and GPP for the off-year (the year with few new shoot production) were slightly greater than those for the on-year (the year with many new shoot production) due to their different growth characteristics. The time for bamboo forest recovery (1-2 years) from ice storm damage was quite short. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Xiaojun; Zhou, Guomo; Du, Huaqiang; Mo, Lufeng; Shi, Yongjun; Jiang, Hong; Zhou, Yufeng; Liu, Enbin] Zhejiang A&F Univ, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosy, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xiaojun; Zhou, Guomo] Beijing Forestry Univ, Acad Forestay, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhou, GM (reprint author), Zhejiang A&F Univ, 88 Huancheng North Rd, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM xuxiaojun3115371@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61190114/F0102]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB302705]; National Natural Science Foundation [31070564]; USGS Land Change Science Program, 948 item of National Forestry Bureau [2013-4-71]; Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of Science and Technology Innovation [2010R50030, 2012R10023-02] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61190114/F0102), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB302705), the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 31070564), the USGS Land Change Science Program, 948 item of National Forestry Bureau (Grant No. 2013-4-71), and the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of Science and Technology Innovation (Grant Nos. 2010R50030, 2012R10023-02). The authors would like to thank colleagues for their invaluable support during field operations and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which helped to improve the article. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 177 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173OB UT WOS:000321087700004 ER PT J AU Leicht-Young, SA Pavlovic, NB Grundel, R AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Pavlovic, Noel B. Grundel, Ralph TI Susceptibility of eastern US habitats to invasion of Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) following fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Celastrus orbiculatus; Establishment; Germination; Invasive species; Litter removal; Post-burn environment ID SEED-GERMINATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PRESCRIBED FIRE; UNITED-STATES; LEAF-LITTER; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; SEEDLINGS AB Fire effects on invasive species are an important land management issue in areas subjected to prescribed fires as well as wildfires. These effects on invasive species can be manifested across life stages. The liana Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) is a widespread invader of eastern US habitats including those where fire management is in practice. This study examined if prescribed fire makes these habitats more susceptible to invasion of C orbiculatus by seed at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Four treatments (control, litter removed, high and low intensity fire) were applied in six habitat types (sand savanna/woodland, sand prairie, moraine prairie, sand oak forest, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forest) and germinating seedlings were tracked over two growing seasons. Treatment did not have a significant effect on the germination, survival, or biomass of C orbiculatus. However, habitat type did influence these responses mostly in the first growing season. Moraine prairie, beech-maple forest, and oak-hickory forests had the greatest peak percentage of germinants. Moraine prairie had significantly greater survival than oak forest and savanna habitats. Control plots with intact litter, and the moraine prairie habitat had the tallest seedlings at germination, while tallest final heights and greatest aboveground biomass were highest in oak forest. Thus, fire and litter removal did not increase the susceptibility of these habitats to germination and survival of C orbiculatus. These results indicate that most eastern US habitats are vulnerable to invasion by this species via seed regardless of the level or type of disturbance to the litter layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM npavlovic@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-2-10] FX This research was funded by a Grant (#08-1-2-10: To burn or not to burn oriental bittersweet: A fire manager's conundrum) to the authors from the Joint Fire Science Program. We thank Scott Weyenberg and John Kwilosz for their comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We gratefully thank the following individuals who assisted in the field work for this research: Katherine Kangas, Mark Fortelka, Caleigh Hoiland, Krystal Frohnapple, Danny Ferry, Sarah Strobl, Cathy Martin, Seth Bastian, and Brian Van Asdall. The fire staff at Indiana Dunes National Lake-shore, National Park Service, including Neal Mulconry and Dan Morford, were instrumental in conducting the research burns. This article is contribution No. 1744 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 302 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.019 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 168XN UT WOS:000320741300010 ER PT J AU O'Hanley, JR Wright, J Diebel, M Fedora, MA Soucy, CL AF O'Hanley, Jesse R. Wright, Jed Diebel, Matthew Fedora, Mark A. Soucy, Charles L. TI Restoring stream habitat connectivity: A proposed method for prioritizing the removal of resident fish passage barriers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fish passage barriers; Optimal barrier removal; Stream habitat restoration; Resident fish; Mixed integer linear programming ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; DISPERSAL BARRIERS; RIVER SYSTEMS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; REFUGIA; CONSERVATION; TROUT; BASIN; COST AB Systematic methods for prioritizing the repair and removal of fish passage barriers, while growing of late, have hitherto focused almost exclusively on meeting the needs of migratory fish species (e.g., anadromous salmonids). An important but as of yet unaddressed issue is the development of new modeling approaches which are applicable to resident fish species habitat restoration programs. In this paper, we develop a budget constrained optimization model for deciding which barriers to repair or remove in order to maximize habitat availability for stream resident fish. Habitat availability at the local stream reach is determined based on the recently proposed C metric, which accounts for the amount, quality, distance and level of connectivity to different stream habitat types. We assess the computational performance of our model using geospatial barrier and stream data collected from the Pine-Popple Watershed, located in northeast Wisconsin (USA). The optimization model is found to be an efficient and practical decision support tool. Optimal solutions, which are useful in informing basin-wide restoration planning efforts, can be generated on average in only a few minutes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Hanley, Jesse R.] Univ Kent, Kent Business Sch, Canterbury CT2 7PE, Kent, England. [Wright, Jed] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Maine Coastal Program, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. [Diebel, Matthew] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Operat Ctr, Bur Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Fedora, Mark A.] Forest Serv Eastern Reg, USDA, Ironwood, MI 49938 USA. [Soucy, Charles L.] Australis Aquaculture LLC, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP O'Hanley, JR (reprint author), Univ Kent, Kent Business Sch, Canterbury CT2 7PE, Kent, England. EM j.ohanley@kent.ac.uk; jed_wright@fws.gov; matthew.diebel@wisconsin.gov; mfedora@fs.fed.us; csoucy@antioch.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf of Maine Coastal Program [50181-8-J261] FX Support for this research was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf of Maine Coastal Program, contract number 50181-8-J261. This support is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank two anonymous referees and the associate editor for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 109 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 125 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.055 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164NM UT WOS:000320416800004 PM 23632001 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Guo, HR Chou, IM Burruss, RC Li, LL AF Lu, Wanjun Guo, Huirong Chou, I. M. Burruss, R. C. Li, Lanlan TI Determination of diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water between 268 and 473 K in a high-pressure capillary optical cell with in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MASS-TRANSFER; LIQUID WATER; METHANE; TEMPERATURE; CO2; CALIBRATION; TRANSPORT AB Accurate values of diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide in water and brine at reservoir conditions are essential to our understanding of transport behavior of carbon dioxide in subsurface pore space. However, the experimental data are limited to conditions at low temperatures and pressures. In this study, diffusive transfer of carbon dioxide in water at pressures up to 45 MPa and temperatures from 268 to 473 K was observed within an optical capillary cell via time-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion coefficients were estimated by the least-squares method for the measured variations in carbon dioxide concentration in the cell at various sample positions and time. At the constant pressure of 20 MPa, the measured diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water increase with increasing temperature from 268 to 473 K. The relationship between diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in water [D(CO2) in m(2)/s] and temperature (T in K) was derived with Speedy-Angell power-law approach as: D(CO2) = D-0[T/Ts-1](m) where D-0 = 13.942 x 10(-9) m(2)/s, Ts = 227.0 K, and m = 1.7094. At constant temperature, diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water decrease with pressure increase. However, this pressure effect is rather small (within a few percent). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Tecton & Petr Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Lu, Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Guo, Huirong; Li, Lanlan] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Chou, I. M.; Burruss, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Chou, I. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Expt Study Deep Sea Extreme Condit, Sanya Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn, Sanya 572000, Peoples R China. RP Guo, HR (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM elsieguo@126.com RI Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 FU National Sciences Foundation of China [41102154]; Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [109108]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University by Ministry of Education [NCET-08-0830]; Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [SIDSSE-201302]; Fundamental Research Founds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) FX We thank J.W. Mutoru and A.F. Firoozabadi for providing the results calculated with the model developed in Mutoru et al., 2011. We are grateful to Dr. Harvey Belkin, Prof. Jacques Schott, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and helpful comments. This work was partly supported by National Sciences Foundation of China (No. 41102154), the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 109108), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University by Ministry of Education (NCET-08-0830), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SIDSSE-201302), and the Fundamental Research Founds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 88 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 115 BP 183 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.010 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 152CP UT WOS:000319507900011 ER PT J AU George, AE Chapman, DC AF George, Amy E. Chapman, Duane C. TI Aspects of Embryonic and Larval Development in Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BURST-SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; HATCHING SUCCESS; WATER HARDNESS; EGG DIAMETER; STRIPED BASS; WHITE SUCKER; LAKE-ERIE; TEMPERATURE; FISH AB As bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix (the bigheaded carps) are poised to enter the Laurentian Great Lakes and potentially damage the region's economically important fishery, information on developmental rates and behaviors of carps is critical to assessing their ability to establish sustainable populations within the Great Lakes basin. In laboratory experiments, the embryonic and larval developmental rates, size, and behaviors of bigheaded carp were tracked at two temperature treatments, one "cold" and one "warm". Developmental rates were computed using previously described stages of development and the cumulative thermal unit method. Both species have similar thermal requirements, with a minimum developmental temperature for embryonic stages of 12.1 degrees C for silver carp and 12.9 degrees C for bighead carp, and 13.3 degrees C for silver carp larval stages and 13.4 degrees C for bighead carp larval stages. Egg size differed among species and temperature treatments, as egg size was larger in bighead carp, and "warm" temperature treatments. The larvae started robust upwards vertical swimming immediately after hatching, interspersed with intervals of sinking. Vertical swimming tubes were used to measure water column distribution, and ascent and descent rates of vertically swimming fish. Water column distribution and ascent and descent rates changed with ontogeny. Water column distribution also showed some diel periodicity. Developmental rates, size, and behaviors contribute to the drift distance needed to fulfill the early life history requirements of bigheaded carps and can be used in conjunction with transport information to assess invasibility of a river. C1 [George, Amy E.; Chapman, Duane C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP George, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. EM ageorge@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (http://greatlakesrestoration.us/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e73829 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073829 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 202MQ UT WOS:000323221500149 PM 23967350 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Bar Massada, A Butsic, V Keeley, JE AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Bar Massada, Avi Butsic, Van Keeley, Jon E. TI Land Use Planning and Wildfire: Development Policies Influence Future Probability of Housing Loss SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; UNITED-STATES; FIRE REGIMES; FUEL BREAKS; CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; GROWTH; RISK; ECOSYSTEMS; MITIGATION AB Increasing numbers of homes are being destroyed by wildfire in the wildland-urban interface. With projections of climate change and housing growth potentially exacerbating the threat of wildfire to homes and property, effective fire-risk reduction alternatives are needed as part of a comprehensive fire management plan. Land use planning represents a shift in traditional thinking from trying to eliminate wildfires, or even increasing resilience to them, toward avoiding exposure to them through the informed placement of new residential structures. For land use planning to be effective, it needs to be based on solid understanding of where and how to locate and arrange new homes. We simulated three scenarios of future residential development and projected landscape-level wildfire risk to residential structures in a rapidly urbanizing, fire-prone region in southern California. We based all future development on an econometric subdivision model, but we varied the emphasis of subdivision decision-making based on three broad and common growth types: infill, expansion, and leapfrog. Simulation results showed that decision-making based on these growth types, when applied locally for subdivision of individual parcels, produced substantial landscape-level differences in pattern, location, and extent of development. These differences in development, in turn, affected the area and proportion of structures at risk from burning in wildfires. Scenarios with lower housing density and larger numbers of small, isolated clusters of development, i.e., resulting from leapfrog development, were generally predicted to have the highest predicted fire risk to the largest proportion of structures in the study area, and infill development was predicted to have the lowest risk. These results suggest that land use planning should be considered an important component to fire risk management and that consistently applied policies based on residential pattern may provide substantial benefits for future risk reduction. C1 [Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. [Bar Massada, Avi] Univ Haifa, Dept Biol & Environm, Qiryat Tivon, Israel. [Butsic, Van] Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA USA. EM asyphard@consbio.org FU US Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the US Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 61 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71708 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071708 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 202MQ UT WOS:000323221500097 PM 23977120 ER PT J AU Berlow, EL Knapp, RA Ostoja, SM Williams, RJ McKenny, H Matchett, JR Guo, QH Fellers, GM Kleeman, P Brooks, ML Joppa, L AF Berlow, Eric L. Knapp, Roland A. Ostoja, Steven M. Williams, Richard J. McKenny, Heather Matchett, John R. Guo, Qinghua Fellers, Gary M. Kleeman, Patrick Brooks, Matthew L. Joppa, Lucas TI A Network Extension of Species Occupancy Models in a Patchy Environment Applied to the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; NATIONAL-PARK; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; NONNATIVE FISH; SIERRA-NEVADA; LONG-TERM; LANDSCAPE; METAPOPULATION AB A central challenge of conservation biology is using limited data to predict rare species occurrence and identify conservation areas that play a disproportionate role in regional persistence. Where species occupy discrete patches in a landscape, such predictions require data about environmental quality of individual patches and the connectivity among high quality patches. We present a novel extension to species occupancy modeling that blends traditional predictions of individual patch environmental quality with network analysis to estimate connectivity characteristics using limited survey data. We demonstrate this approach using environmental and geospatial attributes to predict observed occupancy patterns of the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus (= Bufo) canorus) across >2,500 meadows in Yosemite National Park (USA). A. canorus, a Federal Proposed Species, breeds in shallow water associated with meadows. Our generalized linear model (GLM) accurately predicted similar to 84% of true presence-absence data on a subset of data withheld for testing. The predicted environmental quality of each meadow was iteratively 'boosted' by the quality of neighbors within dispersal distance. We used this park-wide meadow connectivity network to estimate the relative influence of an individual Meadow's 'environmental quality' versus its 'network quality' to predict: a) clusters of high quality breeding meadows potentially linked by dispersal, b) breeding meadows with high environmental quality that are isolated from other such meadows, c) breeding meadows with lower environmental quality where long-term persistence may critically depend on the network neighborhood, and d) breeding meadows with the biggest impact on park-wide breeding patterns. Combined with targeted data on dispersal, genetics, disease, and other potential stressors, these results can guide designation of core conservation areas for A. canorus in Yosemite National Park. C1 [Berlow, Eric L.; Ostoja, Steven M.; Matchett, John R.; Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Oakhurst, CA USA. [Berlow, Eric L.] Vibrant Data Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. [Knapp, Roland A.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA USA. [Williams, Richard J.; Joppa, Lucas] Microsoft Res, Cambridge, England. [Williams, Richard J.] Quid Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [McKenny, Heather] Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite, CA USA. [Guo, Qinghua] Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA. [Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Pt Reyes Stn, Pt Reyes Station, CA USA. RP Joppa, L (reprint author), Microsoft Res, Cambridge, England. EM lujoppa@microsoft.com RI Williams, Richard/B-8344-2011; OI Williams, Richard/0000-0001-8847-3213; Kleeman, Patrick/0000-0001-6567-3239 FU U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program; U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program; National Park Service; Yosemite Conservancy; Wilderness Society; Aspenwood Foundation FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey Natural Resources Preservation Program, the National Park Service, Yosemite Conservancy, Wilderness Society, and Aspenwood Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations listed above. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e72200 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0072200 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200UV UT WOS:000323097300182 PM 23951296 ER PT J AU Garcia, T Jackson, PR Murphy, EA Valocchi, AJ Garcia, MH AF Garcia, Tatiana Jackson, P. Ryan Murphy, Elizabeth A. Valocchi, Albert J. Garcia, Marcelo H. TI Development of a Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator to evaluate the transport and dispersion of Asian carp eggs in rivers SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Asian carp; Eggs; Lagrangian model; Spawning; Turbulence; IBM ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; WATER HARDNESS; BIGHEAD CARP; HATCHING SUCCESS; MODEL; POPULATIONS; SUITABILITY; ADVECTION; LARVAE; SHELF AB Asian carp are migrating towards the Great Lakes and are threatening to invade this ecosystem, hence there is an immediate need to control their population. The transport of Asian carp eggs in potential spawning rivers is an important factor in its life history and recruitment success. An understanding of the transport, development, and fate of Asian carp eggs has the potential to create prevention, management, and control strategies before the eggs hatch and develop the ability to swim. However, there is not a clear understanding of the hydrodynamic conditions at which the eggs are transported and kept in suspension. This knowledge is imperative because of the current assumption that suspension is required for the eggs to survive. Herein, FluEgg (Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator), a three-dimensional Lagrangian model capable of evaluating the influence of flow velocity, shear dispersion and turbulent diffusion on the transport and dispersal patterns of Asian carp eggs is presented. The model's variables include not only biological behavior (growth rate, density changes) but also the physical characteristics of the flow field, such as mean velocities and eddy diffusivities. The performance of the FluEgg model was evaluated using observed data from published flume experiments conducted in China with water-hardened Asian carp eggs as subjects. FluEgg simulations show a good agreement with the experimental data. The model was also run with observed data from the Sandusky River in Ohio to provide a real-world demonstration case. This research will support the identification of critical hydrodynamic conditions (e.g., flow velocity, depth, and shear velocity) to maintain eggs in suspension, assist in the evaluation of suitable spawning rivers for Asian carp populations and facilitate the development of prevention, control and management strategies for Asian carp species in rivers and water bodies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, Tatiana; Valocchi, Albert J.; Garcia, Marcelo H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jackson, P. Ryan; Murphy, Elizabeth A.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Garcia, Marcelo H.] Natl Great Rivers Res & Educ Ctr, East Alton, IL 62024 USA. RP Garcia, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM garciab1@illinois.edu; pjackson@usgs.gov; emurphy@usgs.gov; valocchi@illinois.edu; mhgarcia@illinois.edu OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108 FU USGS; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX This work was supported by USGS and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. T. Garcia was supported by a USGS funded intership of the Illinois Water Resources Center. The participation of Prof. M.H. Garcia was made possible thanks to the National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center, East Alton, Illinois. We would like to extend a special thank you to several University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign students who translated multiple papers from Chinese to English. We also thank Mr. Zhenduo Zhu for his considerate input and suggestions concerning the evaluation of the performance of FluEgg. Finally, thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that improved an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2013 VL 263 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.005 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 197NJ UT WOS:000322857600020 ER PT J AU Morawski, AR Carlson, CM Chang, HY Johnson, CJ AF Morawski, Aaron R. Carlson, Christina M. Chang, Haeyoon Johnson, Christopher J. TI In vitro prion protein conversion suggests risk of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bighorn sheep; Scrapie; Chronic wasting disease; Transmissible mink encephalopathy; Species barrier ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; SPECIES BARRIER; DOMESTIC SHEEP; MULE DEER; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCRAPIE PRION; INOCULATION; ELK; AMPLIFICATION; HAEMOLYTICA AB Background: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) affect both domestic sheep (scrapie) and captive and free-ranging cervids (chronic wasting disease; CWD). The geographical range of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis; BHS) overlaps with states or provinces that have contained scrapie-positive sheep or goats and areas with present epizootics of CWD in cervids. No TSEs have been documented in BHS, but the susceptibility of this species to TSEs remains unknown. Results: We acquired a library of BHS tissues and found no evidence of preexisting TSEs in these animals. The prion protein gene (Prnp) in all BHS in our library was identical to scrapie-susceptible domestic sheep (A(136)R(154)Q(171) genotype). Using an in vitro prion protein conversion assay, which has been previously used to assess TSE species barriers and, in our study appears to recollect known species barriers in mice, we assessed the potential transmissibility of TSEs to BHS. As expected based upon Prnp genotype, we observed BHS prion protein conversion by classical scrapie agent and evidence for a species barrier between transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) and BHS. Interestingly, our data suggest that the species barrier of BHS to white-tailed deer or wapiti CWD agents is likely low. We also used protein misfolding cyclic amplification to confirm that CWD, but not TME, can template prion protein misfolding in A(136)R(154)Q(171) genotype sheep. Conclusions: Our results indicate the in vitro conversion assay used in our study does mimic the species barrier of mice to the TSE agents that we tested. Based on Prnp genotype and results from conversion assays, BHS are likely to be susceptible to infection by classical scrapie. Despite mismatches in amino acids thought to modulate prion protein conversion, our data indicate that A(136)R(154)Q(171) genotype sheep prion protein is misfolded by CWD agent, suggesting that these animals could be susceptible to CWD. Further investigation of TSE transmissibility to BHS, including animal studies, is warranted. The lack of reported TSEs in BHS may be attributable to other host factors or a lack of TSE surveillance in this species. C1 [Morawski, Aaron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morawski, Aaron R.; Carlson, Christina M.; Chang, Haeyoon; Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Carlson, Christina M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Madison, WI USA. RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009; Carlson, Christina/D-8327-2013; Carlson, Christina/P-6507-2015 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273; Carlson, Christina/0000-0002-4950-8273 FU USGS Wildlife: Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program FX We would like to thank Prof. Neil Cashman and Dr. Li Li (University of British Columbia) for assistance in adapting their conversion assay for our own application, Dr. Delwyn Keane and Ben Johnson (Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory) for technical support with ELISA analyses, Prof. Joel Pedersen (University of Wisconsin) for the generous use of his laboratory space during the remodeling of the NWHC and Dr. Chad Johnson (University of Wisconsin) for assistance with sequencing Prnp genes. We are also very grateful to Dr. Thomas DeLiberto (US Department of Agriculture), Prof. Debbie McKenzie (University of Alberta), Dr. Krysten Schuler (Cornell University), Nathan Ramsay (NWHC), Sharon Sorenson (University of Idaho), Dr. Maria Shank (Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory) and Maxine Drager for assistance with acquiring tissues. We appreciate the constructive comments of Dr. Daniel Walsh, Nicole Gibbs and Dr. Dennis Heisey. This work was funded by USGS Wildlife: Terrestrial and Endangered Resources Program. The funding organization did not influence study design, collection and analysis of data or the decision to publish. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD AUG 9 PY 2013 VL 9 AR 157 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-9-157 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 201RC UT WOS:000323159700001 PM 23938169 ER PT J AU Ge, J Woodward, LA Li, QX Wang, J AF Ge, Jing Woodward, Lee Ann Li, Qing X. Wang, Jun TI Distribution, Sources and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soils from the Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PCBS; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB Concentrations of 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in soils from the Midway Atoll in the central North Pacific Ocean. The analytical procedure involved the application of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometric detection (GC/ITMS) for identification and quantification. Among the 28 PCB congeners studied, 26 of them, except CB195 and CB209, were detected in the analyzed samples at different frequencies. The total concentrations of 28 indicator PCBs (Sigma PCBs) ranged from 2.6 to 148.8 ng g(-1) with an average value of 50.7 ng g(-1) and median of 39.5 ng g(-1). Sources and congeners' pattern of PCB were investigated in the soil of Midway Atoll. The principal component analysis indicated that the compositions of PCBs in most of the soil samples were similar. The total concentrations of PCBs were used to assess the cancer risk probabilities in humans via ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of soil particles. Very low cancer risk was found in all soil samples caused by Sigma PCBs. C1 [Ge, Jing; Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Woodward, Lee Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reefs NWRC, Honolulu, HI USA. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu; wangjun@wbgcas.cn RI Wang, Jun/H-5837-2015 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This project was supported in part by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (QXL) and Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology (JW), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The funders played a role in study design and preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 8 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71521 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071521 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 201ER UT WOS:000323124000064 PM 23951182 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Gosmeyer, CM Nicholson, PD Sotin, C Brown, RH Clark, RN Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Showalter, MR AF Hedman, M. M. Gosmeyer, C. M. Nicholson, P. D. Sotin, C. Brown, R. H. Clark, R. N. Baines, K. H. Buratti, B. J. Showalter, M. R. TI An observed correlation between plume activity and tidal stresses on Enceladus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID WATER RESERVOIR; CASSINI ISS; SOUTH-POLE; E-RING; SPECTROMETER; ERUPTIONS; ORIGIN; VIMS; MASS AB Saturn's moon Enceladus emits a plume of water vapour and micrometre-sized ice particles from a series of warm fissures located near its south pole(1-10). This geological activity could be powered or controlled by variations in the tidal stresses experienced by Enceladus as it moves around its slightly eccentric orbit. The specific mechanisms by which these varying stresses are converted into heat, however, are still being debated(11-16). Furthermore, it has proved difficult to find a clear correlation between the predicted tidal forces and measured temporal variations in the plume's gas content(17-19) or the particle flux from individual sources(20,21). Here we report that the plume's horizontally integrated brightness is several times greater when Enceladus is near the point in its eccentric orbit where it is furthest from Saturn (apocentre) than it is when near the point of closest approach to the planet (pericentre). More material therefore seems to be escaping from beneath Enceladus' surface at times when geophysical models predict its fissures should be under tension(12,15,16) and therefore may be wider open. C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gosmeyer, C. M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sotin, C.; Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Showalter, M. R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu FU VIMS team; Cassini project; NASA [NNX12AC29G]; Cornell University FX We acknowledge the support of the VIMS team, the Cassini project and NASA. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX12AC29G. The work of C.M.G. on this project was made possible by the Research Experience for Undergraduates programme at Cornell University. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 8 PY 2013 VL 500 IS 7461 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1038/nature12371 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 197CH UT WOS:000322825500029 PM 23903658 ER PT J AU Hua, FY Fletcher, RJ Sieving, KE Dorazio, RM AF Hua, Fangyuan Fletcher, Robert J., Jr. Sieving, Kathryn E. Dorazio, Robert M. TI Too risky to settle: avian community structure changes in response to perceived predation risk on adults and offspring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE predation risk; community structure; birds; life-history traits; natural-history traits ID HABITAT SELECTION; NEST PREDATION; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIRD ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATION-SIZE; HISTORY TRAITS; LIFE-HISTORY; SOCIAL CUES; PREY AB Predation risk is widely hypothesized as an important force structuring communities, but this potential force is rarely tested experimentally, particularly in terrestrial vertebrate communities. How animals respond to predation risk is generally considered predictable from species life-history and natural-history traits, but rigorous tests of these predictions remain scarce. We report on a large-scale playback experiment with a forest bird community that addresses two questions: (i) does perceived predation risk shape the richness and composition of a breeding bird community? And (ii) can species life-history and natural-history traits predict prey community responses to different types of predation risk? On 9 ha plots, we manipulated cues of three avian predators that preferentially prey on either adult birds or offspring, or both, throughout the breeding season. We found that increased perception of predation risk led to generally negative responses in the abundance, occurrence and/or detection probability of most prey species, which in turn reduced the species richness and shifted the composition of the breeding bird community. Species-level responses were largely predicted from the key natural-history trait of body size, but we did not find support for the life-history theory prediction of the relationship between species' slow/fast life-history strategy and their response to predation risk. C1 [Hua, Fangyuan; Fletcher, Robert J., Jr.; Sieving, Kathryn E.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hua, Fangyuan] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Hua, FY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM slcyane@gmail.com OI Sieving, Kathryn/0000-0002-0849-8101; Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 FU University of Florida FX We thank S. Coates and the Ordway-Swisher Biological Station for use of field sites and logistic support, and the University of Florida for financial support. We thank S. K. Robinson for helpful discussion on research design. Special thanks go to I. Skinner and C. Wright for arduous field assistance. We thank D. J. Levey, C. M. St Mary, N. Jayasena, K. Kerman and three anonymous reviewers for critical comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 73 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1764 AR 20130762 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.0762 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 167RA UT WOS:000320649400005 PM 23782879 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Chi, C Miller, SR Rosales, RA Sugihara, ES Akau, J Rytuba, JJ Webb, SM AF Kim, C. S. Chi, C. Miller, S. R. Rosales, R. A. Sugihara, E. S. Akau, J. Rytuba, J. J. Webb, S. M. TI (Micro)spectroscopic Analyses of Particle Size Dependence on Arsenic Distribution and Speciation in Mine Wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; WEST GOLD DEPOSIT; QUANTITATIVE SPECIATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; MICRO-XRD; TAILINGS; MERCURY; LEAD; BIOACCESSIBILITY; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The chemical speciation and distribution of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in mine wastes is critical to assessing the risks posed by these wastes and predicting the potential bioavailability of the metal(loid)s present. Of additional potential importance is the role of particle size in the fate, transport, and toxicity of contaminated mining materials. Spectroscopic analyses of size-separated mine tailings and adjacent background samples from the Randsburg Historic Mining District, California were conducted to quantify the speciation and distribution of arsenic (As) as a function of particle size. Micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) mapping of separate size fractions was used to identify multiple populations of particles with different As:Fe ratios, indicating a variety of distinct arsenic-bearing species. Bulk extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy identified phases including arseniosiderite, Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)(3)O-3 center dot 3H(2)O, and As(V) sorbed to iron hydroxides (ferrihydrite, goethite), confirming a strong statistical correlation between arsenic and iron observed in both mu XRF studies and bulk chemical analyses. Differences in As speciation between the mine tailings and background samples also suggest that weathering of crystalline As-bearing phases in tailings leads to sorption of dissolved arsenic to iron hydroxides in nontailings background material. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Chi, C.; Miller, S. R.; Rosales, R. A.; Sugihara, E. S.; Akau, J.] Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Rytuba, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Webb, S. M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, 1 Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 FU USGS Mineral Resources External Research Program [06HQGR0181]; NSF [0847811]; Bureau of Land Management FX We would like to acknowledge Joe Rogers (SSRL) and Matt Newville (APS) for their assistance with mu XRF and EXAFS data collection. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University, and at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The arsenic model compounds used for linear combination fitting were generously provided by Andrea Foster of the USGS. This work was funded by the USGS Mineral Resources External Research Program (No. 06HQGR0181), an NSF-CAREER Award (No. 0847811), and a subcontract from the Bureau of Land Management. The authors wish to thank Chapman Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory members James Dale, Kevin Meston, Suzie Shdo, John Stegemeier, and Kim Wilson for their assistance with aspects of this project. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 15 BP 8164 EP 8171 DI 10.1021/es4010653 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 199RR UT WOS:000323013400013 PM 23889478 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TS Kraus, JM Walters, DM Wanty, RB AF Schmidt, Travis S. Kraus, Johanna M. Walters, David M. Wanty, Richard B. TI Emergence Flux Declines Disproportionately to Larval Density along a Stream Metals Gradient SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS MEIGEN; AQUATIC INSECTS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MORPHOLOGICAL DEFORMITIES; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; TERRESTRIAL PREY; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; ADULT EMERGENCE AB Effects of contaminants on adult aquatic insect emergence are less well understood than effects on insect larvae. We compared responses of larval density and adult emergence along a metal contamination gradient. Nonlinear threshold responses were generally observed for larvae and emergers. Larval densities decreased significantly at low metal concentrations but precipitously at concentrations of metal mixtures above aquatic life criteria (cumulative criterion accumulation ratio (CCAR) >= 1). In contrast, adult emergence declined precipitously at low metal concentrations (CCAR <= 1), followed by a modest decline above this threshold. Adult emergence was a more sensitive indicator of the effect of low metals concentrations on aquatic insect communities compared to larvae, presumably because emergence is limited by a combination of larval survival and other factors limiting successful emergence. Thus effects of exposure to larvae are not manifest until later in life (during metamorphosis and emergence). This loss in emergence reduces prey subsidies to riparian communities at concentrations considered safe for aquatic life. Our results also challenge the widely held assumption that adult emergence is a constant proportion of larval densities in all streams. C1 [Schmidt, Travis S.; Kraus, Johanna M.; Walters, David M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kraus, Johanna M.; Wanty, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schmidt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tschmidt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Central Colorado Assessment Project; USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program FX We thank Jeff Wesner, Robert E. Zuellig Brent Johnson, Will Clements, and anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved these studies and this manuscript. Support for this research came from the U.S. Geological Survey Central Colorado Assessment Project and the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program. Disclaimer: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 6 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 15 BP 8784 EP 8792 DI 10.1021/es3051857 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 199RR UT WOS:000323013400086 PM 23781899 ER PT J AU Benscoter, AM Reece, JS Noss, RF Brandt, LA Mazzotti, FJ Romanach, SS Watling, JI AF Benscoter, Allison M. Reece, Joshua S. Noss, Reed F. Brandt, Laura A. Mazzotti, Frank J. Romanach, Stephanie S. Watling, James I. TI Threatened and Endangered Subspecies with Vulnerable Ecological Traits Also Have High Susceptibility to Sea Level Rise and Habitat Fragmentation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION RISK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLORIDA PANTHER; CONSERVATION; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; BONFERRONI; DISPERSAL; IMPACTS; CHALLENGES AB The presence of multiple interacting threats to biodiversity and the increasing rate of species extinction make it critical to prioritize management efforts on species and communities that maximize conservation success. We implemented a multi-step approach that coupled vulnerability assessments evaluating threats to Florida taxa such as climate change, sea-level rise, and habitat fragmentation with in-depth literature surveys of taxon-specific ecological traits. The vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and ecological traits of 12 threatened and endangered subspecies were compared to non-listed subspecies of the same parent species. Overall, the threatened and endangered subspecies showed high vulnerability and low adaptive capacity, in particular to sea level rise and habitat fragmentation. They also exhibited larger home ranges and greater dispersal limitation compared to non-endangered subspecies, which may inhibit their ability to track changing climate in fragmented landscapes. There was evidence for lower reproductive capacity in some of the threatened or endangered taxa, but not for most. Taxa located in the Florida Keys or in other low coastal areas were most vulnerable to sea level rise, and also showed low levels of adaptive capacity, indicating they may have a lower probability of conservation success. Our analysis of at-risk subspecies and closely related non-endangered subspecies demonstrates that ecological traits help to explain observed differences in vulnerability and adaptive capacity. This study points to the importance of assessing the relative contributions of multiple threats and evaluating conservation value at the species (or subspecies) level when resources are limited and several factors affect conservation success. C1 [Benscoter, Allison M.; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Watling, James I.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Reece, Joshua S.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA USA. [Noss, Reed F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Benscoter, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. EM ambenscoter@gmail.com OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit); United States Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science); Kresge Foundation; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX Funding was provided by United States Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Park through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit), United States Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science), Kresge Foundation, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, nor the United States Department of the Interior. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 61 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e70647 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070647 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218XC UT WOS:000324465000108 PM 23940614 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Knights, BC Bartsch, LA Bartsch, MR Nelson, JC Veldboom, JA Vallazza, JM AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Knights, Brent C. Bartsch, Lynn A. Bartsch, Michelle R. Nelson, John C. Veldboom, Jason A. Vallazza, Jon M. TI Fatty Acid Composition at the Base of Aquatic Food Webs Is Influenced by Habitat Type and Watershed Land Use SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; RIVER; QUALITY; EUTROPHICATION; GRADIENT; FISH; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; RESPONSES; PLANKTON AB Spatial variation in food resources strongly influences many aspects of aquatic consumer ecology. Although large-scale controls over spatial variation in many aspects of food resources are well known, others have received little study. Here we investigated variation in the fatty acid (FA) composition of seston and primary consumers within (i.e., among habitats) and among tributary systems of Lake Michigan, USA. FA composition of food is important because all metazoans require certain FAs for proper growth and development that cannot be produced de novo, including many polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here we sampled three habitat types (river, rivermouth and nearshore zone) in 11 tributaries of Lake Michigan to assess the amount of FA in seston and primary consumers of seston. We hypothesize that among-system and among-habitat variation in FAs at the base of food webs would be related to algal production, which in turn is influenced by three land cover characteristics: 1) combined agriculture and urban lands (an indication of anthropogenic nutrient inputs that fuel algal production), 2) the proportion of surface waters (an indication of water residence times that allow algal producers to accumulate) and 3) the extent of riparian forested buffers (an indication of stream shading that reduces algal production). Of these three land cover characteristics, only intense land use appeared to strongly related to seston and consumer FA and this effect was only strong in rivermouth and nearshore lake sites. River seston and consumer FA composition was highly variable, but that variation does not appear to be driven by the watershed land cover characteristics investigated here. Whether the spatial variation in FA content at the base of these food webs significantly influences the production of economically important species higher in the food web should be a focus of future research. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Knights, Brent C.; Bartsch, Lynn A.; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Nelson, John C.; Veldboom, Jason A.; Vallazza, Jon M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107; Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [82] FX This project was funded by a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant (Project #82). Any use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e70666 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070666 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218XC UT WOS:000324465000113 PM 23940619 ER PT J AU Taylor, RL Tack, JD Naugle, DE Mills, LS AF Taylor, Rebecca L. Tack, Jason D. Naugle, David E. Mills, L. Scott TI Combined Effects of Energy Development and Disease on Greater Sage-Grouse SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION AB Species of conservation concern are increasingly threatened by multiple, anthropogenic stressors which are outside their evolutionary experience. Greater sage-grouse are highly susceptible to the impacts of two such stressors: oil and gas (energy) development and West Nile virus (WNv). However, the combined effects of these stressors and their potential interactions have not been quantified. We used lek (breeding ground) counts across a landscape encompassing extensive local and regional variation in the intensity of energy development to quantify the effects of energy development on lek counts, in years with widespread WNv outbreaks and in years without widespread outbreaks. We then predicted the effects of well density and WNv outbreak years on sage-grouse in northeast Wyoming. Absent an outbreak year, drilling an undeveloped landscape to a high permitting level (3.1 wells/km(2)) resulted in a 61% reduction in the total number of males counted in northeast Wyoming (total count). This was similar in magnitude to the 55% total count reduction that resulted from an outbreak year alone. However, energy-associated reductions in the total count resulted from a decrease in the mean count at active leks, whereas outbreak-associated reductions resulted from a near doubling of the lek inactivity rate (proportion of leks with a last count = 0). Lek inactivity quadrupled when 3.1 wells/km(2) was combined with an outbreak year, compared to no energy development and no outbreak. Conservation measures should maintain sagebrush landscapes large and intact enough so that leks are not chronically reduced in size due to energy development, and therefore vulnerable to becoming inactive due to additional stressors. C1 [Taylor, Rebecca L.; Tack, Jason D.; Naugle, David E.; Mills, L. Scott] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Taylor, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM rebeccataylor@usgs.gov RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X FU Bureau of Land Management's Buffalo; Miles City Field Offices under BLM [09-3225-0012, G09AC00013] FX The Bureau of Land Management's Buffalo and Miles City Field Offices funded this project under BLM Contract 09-3225-0012 Number G09AC00013. The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. They did collect some, but not all of the data the authors used as part of their routine monitoring efforts. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 AR e71256 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0071256 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 218XC UT WOS:000324465000201 PM 23940732 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Mooney, WD Yuan, XC Okaya, N AF Wang, Youxue Mooney, Walter D. Yuan, Xuecheng Okaya, Nihal TI Crustal structure of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau from the Southern Tarim Basin to the Sichuan Basin, China (vol 584, pg 191, 2013) SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Wang, Youxue] Guilin Univ Technol, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Youxue; Mooney, Walter D.; Okaya, Nihal] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yuan, Xuecheng] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 2 PY 2013 VL 601 BP 248 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.015 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 198TE UT WOS:000322944400021 ER PT J AU Han, LF Plummer, LN AF Han, Liang-Feng Plummer, L. Niel TI Revision of Fontes & Garnier's model for the initial C-14 content of dissolved inorganic carbon used in groundwater dating SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fontes & Garnier's model; Revision; Radiocarbon dating; Groundwater ID MASS-TRANSFER; FRACTIONATION; SYSTEMS; DIOXIDE; BICARBONATE AB The widely applied model for groundwater dating using C-14 proposed by Fontes and Garnier (F&G) (Fontes and Garnier, 1979) estimates the initial C-14 content in waters from carbonate-rock aquifers affected by isotopic exchange. Usually, the model of F&G is applied in one of two ways: (1) using a single C-13 fractionation factor of gaseous CO2 with respect to a solid carbonate mineral, epsilon(g/s), regardless of whether the carbon isotopic exchange is controlled by soil CO2 in the unsaturated zone, or by solid carbonate mineral in the saturated zone; or (2) using different fractionation factors if the exchange process is dominated by soil CO2 gas as opposed to solid carbonate mineral (typically calcite). An analysis of the F&G model shows an inadequate conceptualization, resulting in underestimation of the initial C-14 values (C-14(0)) for groundwater systems that have undergone isotopic exchange. The degree to which the C-14(0) is underestimated increases with the extent of isotopic exchange. Examples show that in extreme cases, the error in calculated adjusted initial C-14 values can be more than 20% modern carbon (pmc). A model is derived that revises the mass balance method of F&G by using a modified model conceptualization. The derivation yields a "global" model both for carbon isotopic exchange dominated by gaseous CO2 in the unsaturated zone, and for carbon isotopic exchange dominated by solid carbonate mineral in the saturated zone. However, the revised model requires different parameters for exchange dominated by gaseous CO2 as opposed to exchange dominated by solid carbonate minerals. The revised model for exchange dominated by gaseous CO2 is shown to be identical to the model of Mook (Mook, 1976). For groundwater systems where exchange occurs both in the unsaturated zone and saturated zone, the revised model can still be used; however, C-14(0) will be slightly underestimated. Finally, in carbonate systems undergoing complex geochemical reactions, such as oxidation of organic carbon, radiocarbon ages are best estimated by inverse geochemical modeling techniques. (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Liang-Feng] IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Han, LF (reprint author), IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, POB 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM L.Han@iaea.org OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 2 PY 2013 VL 351 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 197NI UT WOS:000322857500009 ER PT J AU Bucklin, DN Watling, JI Speroterra, C Brandt, LA Mazzotti, FJ Romanach, SS AF Bucklin, David N. Watling, James I. Speroterra, Carolina Brandt, Laura A. Mazzotti, Frank J. Romanach, Stephanie S. TI Climate downscaling effects on predictive ecological models: a case study for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate envelope model; Downscaling; Species distribution model; Florida; Endangered species ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; GLOBAL LAND AREAS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE; IMPACTS AB High-resolution (downscaled) projections of future climate conditions are critical inputs to a wide variety of ecological and socioeconomic models and are created using numerous different approaches. Here, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions from climate envelope models for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States to determine whether two different downscaling approaches (with and without the use of a regional climate model) affect climate envelope model predictions when all other sources of variation are held constant. We found that prediction maps differed spatially between downscaling approaches and that the variation attributable to downscaling technique was comparable to variation between maps generated using different general circulation models (GCMs). Precipitation variables tended to show greater discrepancies between downscaling techniques than temperature variables, and for one GCM, there was evidence that more poorly resolved precipitation variables contributed relatively more to model uncertainty than more well-resolved variables. Our work suggests that ecological modelers requiring high-resolution climate projections should carefully consider the type of downscaling applied to the climate projections prior to their use in predictive ecological modeling. The uncertainty associated with alternative downscaling methods may rival that of other, more widely appreciated sources of variation, such as the general circulation model or emissions scenario with which future climate projections are created. C1 [Bucklin, David N.; Watling, James I.; Speroterra, Carolina; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Bucklin, DN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM dbucklin@ufl.edu OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Parks) through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science) FX We thank Lydia Stefanova at COAPS for assisting us with the dynamically downscaled (CLAREnCE10) projections and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service (Everglades and Dry Tortugas National Parks) through the South Florida and Caribbean Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and the U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science). Views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 SU 1 BP S57 EP S68 DI 10.1007/s10113-012-0389-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD4ZF UT WOS:000333260000007 ER PT J AU Karamperidou, C Engel, V Lall, U Stabenau, E Smith, TJ AF Karamperidou, Christina Engel, Victor Lall, Upmanu Stabenau, Erik Smith, Thomas J., III TI Implications of multi-scale sea level and climate variability for coastal resources A case study for south Florida and Everglades National Park, USA SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Sea level fluctuations; Key West; ENSO; NAO; AMO; Everglades National Park ID TIME-SERIES; ATLANTIC; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURES; COHERENCE; TRENDS; OCEAN; ENSO AB While secular changes in regional sea levels and their implications for coastal zone management have been studied extensively, less attention is being paid to natural fluctuations in sea levels, whose interaction with a higher mean level could have significant impacts on low-lying areas, such as wetlands. Here, the long record of sea level at Key West, FL is studied in terms of both the secular trend and the multi-scale sea level variations. This analysis is then used to explore implications for the Everglades National Park (ENP), which is recognized internationally for its ecological significance, and is the site of the largest wetland restoration project in the world. Very shallow topographic gradients (3-6 cm per km) make the region susceptible to small changes in sea level. Observations of surface water levels from a monitoring network within ENP exhibit both the long-term trends and the interannual-to-(multi)decadal variability that are observed in the Key West record. Water levels recorded at four long-term monitoring stations within ENP exhibit increasing trends approximately equal to or larger than the long-term trend at Key West. Time- and frequency-domain analyses highlight the potential influence of climate mechanisms, such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), on Key West sea levels and marsh water levels, and the potential modulation of their influence by the background state of the North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures. In particular, the Key West sea levels are found to be positively correlated with the NAO index, while the two series exhibit high spectral power during the transition to a cold Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The correlation between the Key West sea levels and the NINO3 Index reverses its sign in coincidence with a reversal of the AMO phase. Water levels in ENP are also influenced by precipitation and freshwater releases from the northern boundary of the Park. The analysis of both climate variability and climate change in such wetlands is needed to inform management practices in coastal wetland zones around the world. C1 [Karamperidou, Christina; Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Engn Dept, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Engel, Victor; Stabenau, Erik] South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Karamperidou, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Engn Dept, 500 West 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ck2424@columbia.edu RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009; OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128; Stabenau, Erik/0000-0002-6574-9317 FU Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative, ENP [H5284-08-0003]; Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Scholarship Program; USGS Ecosystems program; USGS GEPES program FX This work is supported by the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative, ENP Contract H5284-08-0003. CK was also partially supported by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Scholarship Program. TJSIII was supported by the USGS Ecosystems and GEPES programs. We thank Y. Kushnir and M. Cane for enlightening discussions. Many thanks are due to P. DiNezio for suggestions that significantly improved this manuscript, and to C. Alarcon for GIS support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 SU 1 BP S91 EP S100 DI 10.1007/s10113-013-0408-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD4ZF UT WOS:000333260000010 ER PT J AU Selman, C Misra, V Stefanova, L Dinapoli, S Smith, TJ AF Selman, Christopher Misra, Vasu Stefanova, Lydia Dinapoli, Steven Smith, Thomas J., III TI On the twenty-first-century wet season projections over the Southeastern United States SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Regional climate change; Southeast United States; Rainfall variability; Regional climate model; Global climate model; Precipitation variability ID 57-YEAR CALIFORNIA REANALYSIS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; 10 KM CARD10; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WARM-SEASON; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; ENSO AB This paper reconciles the difference in the projections of the wet season over the Southeastern United States (SEUS) from a global climate model (the Community Climate System Model Version 3 [CCSM3]) and from a regional climate model (the Regional Spectral Model [RSM]) nested in the CCSM3. The CCSM3 projects a dipole in the summer precipitation anomaly: peninsular Florida dries in the future climate, and the remainder of the SEUS region becomes wetter. The RSM forced with CCSM3 projects a universal drying of the SEUS in the late twenty-first century relative to the corresponding twentieth-century summer. The CCSM3 pattern is attributed to the "upped-ante" mechanism, whereby the atmospheric boundary layer moisture required for convection increases in a warm, statically stable global tropical environment. This criterion becomes harder to meet along convective margins, which include peninsular Florida, resulting in its drying. CCSM3 also projects a southwestward expansion of the North Atlantic subtropical high that leads to further stabilizing of the atmosphere above Florida, inhibiting convection. The RSM, because of its high (10-km grid) resolution, simulates diurnal variations in summer rainfall over SEUS reasonably well. The RSM improves upon CCSM3 through the RSM's depiction of the diurnal variance of precipitation, which according to observations accounts for up to 40 % of total seasonal precipitation variance. In the future climate, the RSM projects a significant reduction in the diurnal variability of convection. The reduction is attributed to large-scale stabilization of the atmosphere in the CCSM3 projections. C1 [Selman, Christopher; Misra, Vasu] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Selman, Christopher; Misra, Vasu; Stefanova, Lydia; Dinapoli, Steven] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Misra, Vasu] Florida State Univ, Florida Climate Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, Southeastern Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Selman, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cms05j@my.fsu.edu FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310221]; USDA [027865]; USGS [06HQGR0125] FX We acknowledge the editorial assistance of Kathy Fearon of COAPS, FSU. This study was supported by grants from NOAA (NA07OAR4310221), USDA (027865), and USGS (06HQGR0125). NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 SU 1 BP S153 EP S164 DI 10.1007/s10113-013-0477-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD4ZF UT WOS:000333260000016 ER PT J AU Newton, TJ Vaughn, CC Spooner, DE Nichols, SJ Arts, MT AF Newton, Teresa J. Vaughn, Caryn C. Spooner, Daniel E. Nichols, S. Jerrine Arts, Michael T. TI PROFILES OF BIOCHEMICAL TRACERS IN UNIONID MUSSELS ACROSS A BROAD GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unionid mussels; biochemical tracers; stable isotopes; fatty acids; freshwater food webs ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; TROPHIC POSITION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB As large, long-lived filter feeders with high clearance rates, unionid mussels are capable of altering nutrient cycling in freshwater food webs. Because the effects of mussel communities on ecosystem processes result largely from their feeding behavior, we need to understand how they sample and process particulate matter. Our objective was to determine whether measuring a suite of biochemical markers in unionid mussels, from different populations of 2 species (Amblema plicata, Actinonaias ligamentina) across a broad geographical range (4 North American rivers), would help identify their primary dietary sources. Stable isotope data were able to differentiate mussels among rivers, and sometimes species. Data on delta N-15 revealed that mussels fed across trophic levels but that diet varied with habitat and perhaps species. Although mussels contained the same types of fatty acids regardless of river or species, we nonetheless observed considerable variation in essential fatty acid content across rivers. Essential fatty acid profiles were dominated consistently by arachidonic acid. Source-specific fatty acid biomarkers suggested that bacterial and detrital resources might be as important as algae in many habitats. In summary, biochemical metrics differed more among rivers than between species. This suggests that mussels are either considerably adaptable in their dietary requirements or that they feed nonselectively. Understanding nutritional profiles in mussels will help restore unionid communities, which may lead to the reestablishment of their critical role as nutrient recyclers in freshwater food webs. C1 [Newton, Teresa J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Grad Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Spooner, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Nichols, S. Jerrine] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Arts, Michael T.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Newton, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tnewton@usgs.gov RI Vaughn, Caryn /D-8534-2011; OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 32 IS 2 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.2983/035.032.0229 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB0XS UT WOS:000331516100029 ER PT J AU Thome, K Goldberg, M Mita, D Stensaas, GL AF Thome, Kurt Goldberg, Mitch Mita, Dath Stensaas, Gregory L. CA JACIE Team TI JACIE: A MODEL PARTNERSHIP SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thome, Kurt] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Mita, Dath] USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Stensaas, Gregory L.] USGS, Garretson, SD USA. RP Thome, K (reprint author), NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 79 IS 8 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295CC UT WOS:000330093200002 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JR Lepori, F Baxter, CV Fausch, KD AF Benjamin, Joseph R. Lepori, Fabio Baxter, Colden V. Fausch, Kurt D. TI Can replacement of native by non-native trout alter stream-riparian food webs? SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food webs; non-native invasions; Oncorhynchus clarkii; Salvelinus fontinalis; species replacement ID LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS; EXHIBIT GREATER DENSITY; INLAND CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTH-AMERICA; PREDATORY FISH; PREY SUBSIDIES; BROWN TROUT AB Non-native species can affect food web and community structure, including the flow of resources from one habitat to another. In many streams of western North America, non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have replaced native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii). Because brook trout naturally occur at higher densities and exhibit different feeding habits, this replacement may have consequences for a range of organisms in stream-riparian food webs. We conducted a large-scale, 2-month field experiment to test whether, compared with cutthroat trout, brook trout reduce benthic insects, cause an increase in stream algae, and reduce emerging adult aquatic insects as well as riparian spiders that rely on emergence as prey. Twenty enclosed reaches from which trout were removed were treated by adding age-1 and older: (i) cutthroat trout at natural density (0.15fishm(-2)); (ii) brook trout at a natural density (0.40fishm(-2)); (iii) brook trout at a low density equal to the cutthroat trout treatment (0.15fishm(-2)) or (iv) no trout added. Brook trout reduced the flux of emerging insects by 55% compared with cutthroat trout, but, surprisingly, only at the lower density. This reduction in emergent insects was predicted to reduce spider abundance by 20%, provided that sufficient branches were available to support riparian spider webs. We also detected an effect of trout on large-bodied benthic and emerging insects, but not on the entire assemblage of benthic insects, or periphyton. We hypothesise that our results were influenced by trout foraging behaviour mediated by their density and size structure. Regardless of the mechanisms responsible, our results indicate that non-native brook trout can reduce the flux of emerging insects, and further analysis showed that this could reduce riparian spiders and birds that prey on them. Similar effects of non-native fish are likely to occur in lotic and lentic waters beyond the western United States. C1 [Benjamin, Joseph R.; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Lepori, Fabio; Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lepori, Fabio; Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Benjamin, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. EM jbenjamin@usgs.gov FU National Science Foundation - Ecology Program [DEB-0516136, DEB-0516133]; NSF - EPSCoR [EPS-0447689]; Idaho State University Office of Research FX We thank R. Bellmore, S. Benjamin, C. Block, S. Caduff, C. Cooke, E. Creeden, B. Franklin, J. Giersch, A. Hansen, D. Kincaid, M. Lamb, I. Lopez, C. Michaelis, R. Malison, E. May, M. Mineau, S. Owen, D. Owens, J. Pitts, V. Sednek and L. Young for field or laboratory assistance. P. Chapman, T. Peterson, C. Saunders and G. White provided statistical advice, J. Roberts helped with figures, and J. Giersch, B. Kondratieff and C. Young provided taxonomic expertise. Constructive comments on a previous version of this manuscript were provided by J. Kraus, A. McIntosh, R. Rader and an anonymous reviewer. This study was sponsored by the National Science Foundation - Ecology Program (DEB-0516136 to CVB and DEB-0516133 to KDF), NSF - EPSCoR (EPS-0447689) and the Idaho State University Office of Research. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1694 EP 1709 DI 10.1111/fwb.12160 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 282YX UT WOS:000329212300012 ER PT J AU Lopez-Hoffman, L Breshears, DD Allen, CD Miller, ML AF Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Breshears, David D. Allen, Craig D. Miller, Marc L. TI Key landscape ecology metrics for assessing climate change adaptation options: rate of change and patchiness of impacts SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change adaptation; Colorado River delta; ecosystem services; forest die-off; pinon-juniper woodlands ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER DELTA; GLOBAL-CHANGE; DIE-OFF; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NORTH-AMERICA; DEER MICE; MORTALITY; MEXICO AB Under a changing climate, devising strategies to help stakeholders adapt to alterations to ecosystems and their services is of utmost importance. In western North America, diminished snowpack and river flows are causing relatively gradual, homogeneous (system-wide) changes in ecosystems and services. In addition, increased climate variability is also accelerating the incidence of abrupt and patchy disturbances such as fires, floods and droughts. This paper posits that two key variables often considered in landscape ecology-the rate of change and the degree of patchiness of change-can aid in developing climate change adaptation strategies. We use two examples from the "borderland'' region of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In pinon-juniper woodland die-offs that occurred in the southwestern United States during the 2000s, ecosystem services suddenly crashed in some parts of the system while remaining unaffected in other locations. The precise timing and location of die-offs was uncertain. On the other hand, slower, homogeneous change, such as the expected declines in water supply to the Colorado River delta, will likely impact the entire ecosystem, with ecosystem services everywhere in the delta subject to alteration, and all users likely exposed. The rapidity and spatial heterogeneity of faster, patchy climate change exemplified by tree die-off suggests that decision-makers and local stakeholders would be wise to operate under a Rawlsian "veil of ignorance,'' and implement adaptation strategies that allow ecosystem service users to equitably share the risk of sudden loss of ecosystem services before actual ecosystem changes occur. On the other hand, in the case of slower, homogeneous, system-wide impacts to ecosystem services as exemplified by the Colorado River delta, adaptation strategies can be implemented after the changes begin, but will require a fundamental rethinking of how ecosystems and services are used and valued. In sum, understanding how the rate of change and degree of patchiness of change will constrain adaptive options is a critical consideration in preparing for climate change. C1 [Lopez-Hoffman, Laura; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lopez-Hoffman, Laura] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Miller, Marc L.] Univ Arizona, James E Rogers Coll Law, Tucson, AZ 85722 USA. RP Lopez-Hoffman, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lauralh@email.arizona.edu FU DOE NICCR [DE-FCO2-O6ER64159]; B2 Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth TX); NSF Critical Zone Observatories [NSF EAR-0724958] FX The authors wish to thank W. Hargrove and the organizers of the Sustainability on the Border: Water, Climate and Social Change in a Fragile Landscape conference at University of Texas-El Paso where this work was first presented. L.L.H. thanks E. McGovern for conversations about these ideas and C. Presnall for information about the Colorado River delta. C. Gakapoulos and R. LaRoi helped with the graphics. D.D.B. acknowledges funding support from DOE NICCR (DE-FCO2-O6ER64159), B2 Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth TX), and NSF Critical Zone Observatories (NSF EAR-0724958). NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 4 IS 8 AR UNSP 101 DI 10.1890/ES13-00118.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JK UT WOS:000327379400010 ER PT J AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, R. M. TI Numerical study on the entrainment of bed material into rapid landslides SO GEOTECHNIQUE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ICE PUBLISHING PI WESTMINISTER PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND SN 0016-8505 EI 1751-7656 J9 GEOTECHNIQUE JI Geotechnique PD AUG PY 2013 VL 63 IS 10 BP 887 EP 888 DI 10.1680/geot.12.D.007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 273BY UT WOS:000328509400010 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Williams, AP Allen, CD Guo, DL Wu, XC Anenkhonov, OA Liang, EY Sandanov, DV Yin, Y Qi, ZH Badmaeva, NK AF Liu, Hongyan Williams, A. Park Allen, Craig D. Guo, Dali Wu, Xiuchen Anenkhonov, Oleg A. Liang, Eryuan Sandanov, Denis V. Yin, Yi Qi, Zhaohuan Badmaeva, Natalya K. TI Rapid warming accelerates tree growth decline in semi-arid forests of Inner Asia SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought; forest die-off; Inner Asia; semi-arid; semi-humid; tree growth decline; tree ring ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE SYSTEM; GLOBAL DATASET; CHINESE PINE; DIE-OFF; MORTALITY; VEGETATION; MONGOLIA; RECONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY AB Forests around the world are subject to risk of high rates of tree growth decline and increased tree mortality from combinations of climate warming and drought, notably in semi-arid settings. Here, we assess how climate warming has affected tree growth in one of the world's most extensive zones of semi-arid forests, in Inner Asia, a region where lack of data limits our understanding of how climate change may impact forests. We show that pervasive tree growth declines since 1994 in Inner Asia have been confined to semi-arid forests, where growing season water stress has been rising due to warming-induced increases in atmospheric moisture demand. A causal link between increasing drought and declining growth at semi-arid sites is corroborated by correlation analyses comparing annual climate data to records of tree-ring widths. These ring-width records tend to be substantially more sensitive to drought variability at semi-arid sites than at semi-humid sites. Fire occurrence and insect/pathogen attacks have increased in tandem with the most recent (2007-2009) documented episode of tree mortality. If warming in Inner Asia continues, further increases in forest stress and tree mortality could be expected, potentially driving the eventual regional loss of current semi-arid forests. C1 [Liu, Hongyan; Wu, Xiuchen; Yin, Yi; Qi, Zhaohuan] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Williams, A. Park] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Guo, Dali] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Anenkhonov, Oleg A.; Sandanov, Denis V.; Badmaeva, Natalya K.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Gen & Expt Biol, Ulan Ude 670047, Russia. [Liang, Eryuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM lhy@urban.pku.edu.cn; craig_allen@usgs.gov RI Guo, Dali/G-2158-2014; Liang, Eryuan/A-1435-2010; Guo, Dali/C-3498-2012; Williams, Park/B-8214-2016; Anenkhonov, Oleg/J-8690-2016 OI Liang, Eryuan/0000-0002-8003-4264; Williams, Park/0000-0001-8176-8166; Anenkhonov, Oleg/0000-0001-8633-7154 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 41071124, 40711120173, 41011120251]; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [RFBR 13-04-91180, 10-04-91159]; US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program; LANL-LDRD; DOE-BER FX This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 41071124, 40711120173 and 41011120251) and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR 13-04-91180 and 10-04-91159); CDA was supported by the US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Program, and APW was supported by LANL-LDRD and DOE-BER. We thank Y. Guo, J. Ren, and S. He for their helps in tree-ring sampling, and J. Dai for providing the Liupan Mt. raw ring-width data. The authors stated no conflict of interest. NR 55 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 13 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2500 EP 2510 DI 10.1111/gcb.12217 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276IV UT WOS:000328744900017 PM 23564688 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Nguyen, U Scott, RL Doody, T AF Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Uyen Nguyen Scott, Russell L. Doody, Tanya TI Estimating Riparian and Agricultural Actual Evapotranspiration by Reference Evapotranspiration and MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; leaf area index; water balance; alfalfa; saltcedar; common reed; mesquite ID TERM WATER BALANCES; CROP COEFFICIENTS; MONITORING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUXNET SITES; GROUNDWATER; BASIN; CONDUCTANCE AB Dryland river basins frequently support both irrigated agriculture and riparian vegetation and remote sensing methods are needed to monitor water use by both crops and natural vegetation in irrigation districts. We developed an algorithm for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the EOS-1 Terra satellite and locally-derived measurements of reference crop ET (ETo). The algorithm was calibrated with five years of ETa data from three eddy covariance flux towers set in riparian plant associations on the upper San Pedro River, Arizona, supplemented with ETa data for alfalfa and cotton from the literature. The algorithm was based on an equation of the form ETa = ETo [a(1 - e(-bEVI)) - c], where the term (1 - e(-bEVI)) is derived from the Beer-Lambert Law to express light absorption by a canopy, with EVI replacing leaf area index as an estimate of the density of light-absorbing units. The resulting algorithm capably predicted ETa across riparian plants and crops (r(2) = 0.73). It was then tested against water balance data for five irrigation districts and flux tower data for two riparian zones for which season-long or multi-year ETa data were available. Predictions were within 10% of measured results in each case, with a non-significant (P = 0.89) difference between mean measured and modeled ETa of 5.4% over all validation sites. Validation and calibration data sets were combined to present a final predictive equation for application across crops and riparian plant associations for monitoring individual irrigation districts or for conducting global water use assessments of mixed agricultural and riparian biomes. C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.; Glenn, Edward P.; Doody, Tanya] CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Uyen Nguyen] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, 1110 E South Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov; eglenn@cals.arizona.edu; uyenn@email.arizona.edu; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov; tanya.doody@csiro.au RI doody, tanya/C-6890-2011 FU USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX Authors would like to thank USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis for funding the Working group on Global Croplands (WGGC). Our special thanks to Powell Center Directors: Jill Baron and Marty Goldhaber. Inputs from WGGC team members are acknowledged, particularly the review from Michael Marshall of USGS (http://powellcenter.usgs.gov/current_projects.php#GlobalCroplandMembers ). NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 39 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 5 IS 8 BP 3849 EP 3871 DI 10.3390/rs5083849 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274SI UT WOS:000328626100010 ER PT J AU Barker, RJ Link, WA AF Barker, Richard J. Link, William A. TI Bayesian Multimodel Inference by RJMCMC: A Gibbs Sampling Approach SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE Bayes factors; Posterior model probabilities; Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo ID MONTE-CARLO METHODS; MODEL CHOICE; LIKELIHOOD; OUTPUT AB Bayesian multimodel inference treats a set of candidate models as the sample space of a latent categorical random variable, sampled once; the data at hand are modeled as having been generated according to the sampled model. Model selection and model averaging are based on the posterior probabilities for the model set. Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) extends ordinary MCMC methods to this meta-model. We describe a version of RJMCMC that intuitively represents the process as Gibbs sampling with alternating updates of a categorical variable M (for Model) and a "palette" of parameters psi, from which any of the model-specific parameters can be calculated. Our representation makes plain how model-specific Monte Carlo outputs (analytical or numerical) can be post-processed to compute model weights or Bayes factors. We illustrate the procedure with several examples. C1 [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Link, William A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Barker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM rbarker@maths.otago.ac.nz; wlink@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0003-1305 EI 1537-2731 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1080/00031305.2013.791644 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 238AB UT WOS:000325911700005 ER PT J AU Lopez, T Ushakov, S Izbekov, P Tassi, F Cahill, C Neill, O Werner, C AF Lopez, Taryn Ushakov, Sergey Izbekov, Pavel Tassi, Franco Cahill, Cathy Neill, Owen Werner, Cynthia TI Constraints on magma processes, subsurface conditions, and total volatile flux at Bezymianny Volcano in 2007-2010 from direct and remote volcanic gas measurements SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bezymianny Volcano; Volcanic gases; Volatile flux; Fumarole; Remote sensing; Eruption; OMI, Magma degassing ID SOUFRIERE-HILLS VOLCANO; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SO2 EMISSIONS; GEOCHEMICAL MODEL; REDOUBT VOLCANO; KAMCHATKA; ERUPTIONS; VAPOR; MONTSERRAT AB Direct and remote measurements of volcanic gas composition, SO2 flux, and eruptive SO2 mass from Bezymianny Volcano were acquired between July 2007 and July 2010. Chemical composition of fumarolic gases, plume SO2 flux from ground and air-based ultraviolet remote sensing (FLYSPEC), and eruptive SO2 mass from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OM!) satellite observations were used along with eruption timing to elucidate magma processes and subsurface conditions, and to constrain total volatile flux. Bezymianny Volcano had five explosive magmatic eruptions between May 2007 and June 2010. The most complete volcanic gas datasets were acquired for the October 2007, December 2009, and May 2010 eruptions. Gas measurements collected prior to the October 2007 eruption have a relatively high ratio of H2O/CO2 (81.2), a moderate ratio of CO2/S (5.47), and a low ratio of S/HCl (0.338), along with moderate SO2 and CO2 fluxes of 280 and 980 t/d, respectively, and high H2O and HCl fluxes of similar to 45,000 and similar to 440 t/d, respectively. These results suggest degassing of shallow magma (consistent with observations of lava extrusion) along with potential minor degassing of a deeper magma source. Gas measurements collected prior to the December 2009 eruption are characterized by relatively low H2O/CO2 (4.13), moderate CO2/S (6.84), and high S/HCl (18.7) ratios, along with moderate SO2 and CO2 fluxes of similar to 220 and similar to 1000 t/d, respectively, and low H2O and HCl fluxes of similar to 1700 and similar to 7 t/d, respectively. These trends are consistent with degassing of a deeper magma source. Fumarole samples collected similar to 1.5 months following the May 2010 eruption are characterized by high H2O/CO2 (63.0), low CO2/S (0.986), and moderate S/HCl (6.09) ratios. These data are consistent with degassing of a shallow, volatile-rich magma source, likely related to the May eruption. Passive and eruptive SO2 measurements are used to calculate a total annual SO2 mass of 109 kt emitted in 2007, with passive emissions comprising similar to 87-95% of the total. Total annual volatile masses for the study period are estimated to range from 1.1 x 10(6) to 18 x 10(6) t/year. Annual CO2 masses are similar to 8 to 40 times larger than can be explained by degassing of dissolved CO2 within eruptive magma, suggesting that the eruptive magma contained a significant quantity of exsolved volatiles sourced either from the eruptive melt or unerupted magma at depth. Variable total volatile fluxes ranging from similar to 3000 t/d in 2009 to similar to 49,000 t/d in 2007 are attributed to variations in the depth of gas exsolution and separation from the melt under open-system degassing conditions. We propose that exsolved volatiles are quickly transported to the surface from ascending magma via permeable flow through a bubble and/or fracture network within the conduit and thus retain their equilibrium composition at the time of segregation from melt. The composition of surface CO2 and H2O emissions from 2007 to 2009 are compared with modeled exsolved fluid compositions for a magma body ascending from entrapment depths to estimate depth of fluid exsolution and separation from the melt. We find that at the time of sample collection magma had already begun ascent from the mid-crustal storage region and was located at maximum depths of similar to 3.7 km in August 2007, approximately 2 months prior to the next magmatic eruption, and similar to 4.6 km in July of 2009 approximately five months prior to the next magmatic eruption. These findings suggest that the exsolved gas composition at Bezymianny Volcano may be used to detect magma ascent prior to eruption. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez, Taryn; Izbekov, Pavel; Cahill, Cathy; Neill, Owen] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lopez, Taryn; Cahill, Cathy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ushakov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Tassi, Franco] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Florence, Italy. [Werner, Cynthia] US Geol Soc, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lopez, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tlopez@gi.alaska.edu RI Tassi, Franco/G-7857-2012; Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010 OI Lopez, Taryn/0000-0001-6831-4573; Tassi, Franco/0000-0002-3319-4257; FU NSF FIRE grant [OISE-0530278]; UAF Geophysical Institute; Alaska Volcano Observatory FX We would like to thank Jake Lowenstern, Michelle Coombs, and one anonymous reviewer, whose constructive comments significantly improved this manuscript. This work benefited from significant help with sample collection, technical, and logistical support from many members of the FIRE science team. In particular, we acknowledge Timothy Clark, Geoffroy Avard, Theresa Kayzar, Helena Buurman, Ronni Grapenthin, and Ashley Shuler for help with sample collection; Sergey Serovetnikov and Slava Pilipenko for technical support; and Oxana Edokimova and Dmitry Muravyov for logistical support. We acknowledge Slava Shapar, who passed away this year, for his analysis of fumarole samples. Your hard work at IVS has been greatly appreciated and we will remember you fondly. TL would like to thank Pavel Izbekov, John Eichelberger, Evgeny Gordeev, Sergey Ushakov, Mike West and Jeff Freymueller for their vision and execution of the PIRE project and for incorporating gas-geochemistry into the project goals. TL would like to thank members of the CCVG, especially Franco Tassi, Yuri Taran, Tobias Fischer, Dario Tedesco and Bruce Christiensen for constructive feedback on earlier presentations of this work regarding interpretation of fumaroles samples. TL would like to thank Sergey Senyukov, Alexei Ozerov, Mike West, Vasily Shcherbakov, Steve Turner, Theresa Kayzar, Ronni Grapenthin, and David Fee for insightful scientific discussions regarding Bezymianny Volcano and the interpretations presented here. TL would like to acknowledge: David Fee for help with figure creation and constructive edits of early drafts of this document and Ronni Grapenthin for providing the DEM for Fig. 1. This project was funded by NSF FIRE grant (OISE-0530278), the UAF Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Volcano Observatory. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 263 BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.10.015 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244CV UT WOS:000326365600007 ER PT J AU Krebs, CJ Kielland, K Bryant, J O'Donoghue, M Doyle, F McIntyre, C DiFolco, D Berg, N Carriere, S Boonstra, R Boutin, S Kenney, AJ Reid, DG Bodony, K Putera, J Timm, HK Burke, T AF Krebs, Charles J. Kielland, Knut Bryant, John O'Donoghue, Mark Doyle, Frank McIntyre, Carol DiFolco, Donna Berg, Nathan Carriere, Suzanne Boonstra, Rudy Boutin, Stan Kenney, Alice J. Reid, Donald G. Bodony, Karin Putera, Judy Timm, Henry K. Burke, Toby TI Synchrony in the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle in northwestern North America, 1970-2012 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Lepus americanus; 10 year cycle; boreal forest; Alaska; Yukon; British Columbia; Northwest Territories; predation; climate; traveling waves ID SPATIAL POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LYNX POPULATIONS; INTERIOR ALASKA; DISPERSAL; DENSITY; PATTERNS; CANADA AB Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) fluctuate in 9-10 year cycles throughout much of their North American range. Regional synchrony has been assumed to be the rule for these cycles, so that hare populations in virtually all of northwestern North America have been assumed to be in phase. We gathered qualitative and quantitative data on hare numbers and fur returns of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) in the boreal forest regions of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and northern British Columbia to describe synchrony in the time window of 1970-2012. Broad-scale synchrony in lynx fur returns was strong from 1970 to about 1995 but then seemed to break down in different parts of this region. Hare populations at 20 sites in Alaska, the Yukon, and Northwest Territories showed peak populations that lagged by 1-4 years during the 1990s and 2000s cycles. The simplest hypothesis to explain these patterns of asynchrony in hare cycles is the movement of predators from British Columbia north into the Yukon and then east into the Northwest Territories and west into Alaska. A traveling wave of these cycles is clearly seen in the lynx fur returns from western Canada and Alaska from 1970 to 2009. One consequence of a failure of synchrony is that hare predators like Canada lynx and Great-horned Owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788)) can move from one adjacent area to the next within this region and survive long enough to prolong low densities in hare populations that have declined earlier. C1 [Krebs, Charles J.; Kenney, Alice J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kielland, Knut; Bryant, John] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Donoghue, Mark] Yukon Fish & Wildlife Branch, Mayo, YT Y0B 1M0, Canada. [McIntyre, Carol] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [DiFolco, Donna] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Berg, Nathan; Timm, Henry K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tok, AK 99780 USA. [Boonstra, Rudy] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Boutin, Stan] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Reid, Donald G.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5P7, Canada. [Bodony, Karin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Galena, AK 99741 USA. [Putera, Judy] Natl Pk Serv, Copper Center, AK 99573 USA. [Burke, Toby] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. RP Krebs, CJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM krebs@zoology.ubc.ca RI Boutin, Stan/A-2619-2014 OI Boutin, Stan/0000-0001-6317-038X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Forest Renewal BC (through Babine Forest Products); Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management; Ministry of Forests; National Science Foundation through Bonanza Creek LTE [DEB-0423442] FX We thank all who have gathered these long-term data and allowed them to be incorporated into this synthesis. In particular, we thank the personnel of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the US National Park Service working at the Alaskan sites, and the Yukon and Northwest Territories biologists and trappers who have contributed their time and energy in these surveys. E. Hofer assisted the Kluane livetrapping program. Research funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged. In B.C., monitoring was funded by Forest Renewal BC (through Babine Forest Products), the Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, and the Ministry of Forests, in support of D.G.R. and F.D. Funding for this research was in part provided by the National Science Foundation through Bonanza Creek LTE (DEB-0423442). We thank two reviewers for their suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 47 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 91 IS 8 BP 562 EP 572 DI 10.1139/cjz-2013-0012 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 221TS UT WOS:000324683000004 ER PT J AU Graizer, V Kalkan, E Lin, KW AF Graizer, Vladimir Kalkan, Erol Lin, Kuo-Wan TI Global Ground Motion Prediction Equation for Shallow Crustal Regions SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID PEAK HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION; UNITED-STATES; ATTENUATION; EARTHQUAKE; DAMAGE; MODEL; PGA AB The Graizer-Kalkan ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for peak ground acceleration (PGA) constitutes a series of filters, each of which represents a certain physical phenomenon affecting the radiation of seismic waves from the source. The performance of this GMPE is examined by using about 14,000 records from 245 worldwide shallow crustal events. The recorded data and predictions show an excellent match as far as 100 km from the fault. Beyond 100 km, the data generally show faster attenuation on the order of R-rup(-4) due to a relatively low Q (as in the western United States) or slower attenuation on the order of R-rup(-1.5) due to a high Q (as in the central and eastern United States). An improved GMPE is developed to account for regional variations in ground motion attenuation. The The new GMPE produces a better match to recorded data up to 500 km from the fault. C1 [Graizer, Vladimir] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lin, Kuo-Wan] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Graizer, V (reprint author), US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. EM Vladimir.Graizer@nrc.gov; ekalkan@usgs.gov; klin@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 777 EP 791 DI 10.1193/1.4000140 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 223XV UT WOS:000324846700006 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Jaiswal, K Gould, N Turner, F Lizundia, B Barnes, JC AF Marshall, Justin D. Jaiswal, Kishor Gould, Nathan Turner, Fred Lizundia, Bret Barnes, Jim C. TI Post-Earthquake Building Safety Inspection: Lessons from the Canterbury, New Zealand, Earthquakes SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The authors discuss some of the unique aspects and lessons of the New Zealand post-earthquake building safety inspection program that was implemented following the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010-2011. The post-event safety assessment program was one of the largest and longest programs undertaken in recent times anywhere in the world. The effort engaged hundreds of engineering professionals throughout the country, and also sought expertise from outside, to perform post-earthquake structural safety inspections of more than 100,000 buildings in the city of Christchurch and the surrounding suburbs. While the building safety inspection procedure implemented was analogous to the ATC 20 program in the United States, many modifications were proposed and implemented in order to assess the large number of buildings that were subjected to strong and variable shaking during a period of two years. This note discusses some of the key aspects of the post-earthquake building safety inspection program and summarizes important lessons that can improve future earthquake response. C1 [Marshall, Justin D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Jaiswal, Kishor] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gould, Nathan] ABS Consulting, St Louis, MO 63146 USA. [Turner, Fred] Alfred E Alquist Seism Safety Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95833 USA. [Lizundia, Bret] Rutherford & Chekene, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Barnes, Jim C.] Calif Dept Transportat Caltrans Dist 1, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. RP Marshall, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Auburn University; Applied Technology Council; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge many different groups who participated in and supported reconnaissance efforts, including the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Auburn University, the Applied Technology Council, and the National Science Foundation. Christchurch's emergency management staff, the volunteer engineers and inspectors, and the urban search and rescue personnel from around New Zealand are greatly appreciated for their assistance. Some authors volunteered their time to help assist the ongoing building safety inspection that was conducted by the Christchurch City Council. The authors wish to offer their sincere gratitude to the emergency operation center personnel of the city council and the USAR and safety personnel teams that accompanied them during the inspection process. The authors would also like to acknowledge the reviewers whose comments improved the paper. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1091 EP 1107 DI 10.1193/1.4000151 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 223XV UT WOS:000324846700020 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, L Hurwitz, S Sohn, R Vandemeulebrouck, J Murphy, F Rudolph, ML Johnston, MJS Manga, M McCleskey, RB AF Karlstrom, Leif Hurwitz, Shaul Sohn, Robert Vandemeulebrouck, Jean Murphy, Fred Rudolph, Maxwell L. Johnston, Malcolm J. S. Manga, Michael McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 1. Energetics and eruption dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE geyser; volcanic jet; yellowstone; geothermal; eruption ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; FLOW INSTABILITY; BOILING SYSTEMS; STEAM; WATER; SEISMICITY; FLUIDS; GAS; THERMODYNAMICS; DECOMPRESSION AB Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study multiphase eruptive processes. We present results from a 4day experiment at Lone Star Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We simultaneously measured water discharge, acoustic emissions, infrared intensity, and visible and infrared video to quantify the energetics and dynamics of eruptions, occurring approximately every 3 h. We define four phases in the eruption cycle (1) a 283min phase with liquid and steam fountaining, with maximum jet velocities of 16-28 m s(-1), steam mass fraction of less than approximate to 0.01. Intermittently choked flow and flow oscillations with periods increasing from 20 to 40 s are coincident with a decrease in jet velocity and an increase of steam fraction; (2) a 268 min posteruption relaxation phase with no discharge from the vent, infrared (IR), and acoustic power oscillations gliding between 30 and 40 s; (3) a 5913 min recharge period during which the geyser is quiescent and progressively refills, and (4) a 6914 min preplay period characterized by a series of 5-10 min long pulses of steam, small volumes of liquid water discharge, and 50-70 s flow oscillations. The erupted waters ascend from a 160-170 degrees C reservoir, and the volume discharged during the entire eruptive cycle is 20.8 +/- 4.1 m(3). Assuming isentropic expansion, we calculate a heat output from the geyser of 1.4-1.5 MW, which is <0.1% of the total heat output from Yellowstone Caldera. C1 [Karlstrom, Leif] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hurwitz, Shaul; Murphy, Fred; Johnston, Malcolm J. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sohn, Robert] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vandemeulebrouck, Jean] Univ Savoie, CNRS, ISTerre, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. [Rudolph, Maxwell L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Karlstrom, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM leifk1@stanford.edu OI Rudolph, Maxwell/0000-0001-7721-4224; Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU NSF; USGS Volcano Hazards program; WHOI FX Support comes from NSF (L. Karlstrom, M. Manga), the USGS Volcano Hazards program (S. Hurwitz, F. Murphy, M.J.S. Johnston, and R.B. McCleskey), and WHOI (R. Sohn). We thank Christie Hendrix and Stacey Gunther at the Yellowstone Center for Resources for help with permitting and logistics and Yellowstone National Park historian Lee Whittlesey for providing documents on Lone StarOs eruptive activity since 1872. We thank Dino Bellugi for suggestions regarding the image segmentation methods. Jim Thordsen (USGS) is acknowledged for his help with sampling. Sue Kieffer, Larry Mastin, an anonymous reviewer, and an associate editor provided constructive and helpful comments. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 4048 EP 4062 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50251 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 225VH UT WOS:000324991900011 ER PT J AU Rose, BP Mesa, MG AF Rose, Brien P. Mesa, Matthew G. TI Effects of Summer Drawdown on the Fishes and Larval Chironomids in Beulah Reservoir, Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reservoir; drawdown; bull trout; fish; chironomids ID WATER LEVELS; BULL TROUT; LAKE; POPULATIONS AB Summer drawdown of Beulah Reservoir, Oregon, could adversely affect fish and invertebrate production, limit sport fishing opportunities, and hinder the recovery of threatened species. To assess the impacts of drawdown, we sampled fish and Chironomidae larvae in Beulah Reservoir in the springs of 2006 to 2008. The reservoir was reduced to 68% of full pool in 2006 and to run-of-river level in 2007. From spring 2006 to spring 2007, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of fyke nets decreased significantly for dace [Rhinichthys spp.] and northern pikeminnow [Ptychocheilus oregonensis], increased significantly for suckers [Catastomus spp.] and white crappies [Pomoxis nigromaculatus], and was similar for redside shiners [Richardsonius balteatus]. CPUE of gillnets either increased significantly or remained similar depending on genera, and the size structure of redside shiners, suckers, and white crappies changed appreciably. From 2007 to 2008, the CPUE of northern pikeminnow, redside shiners, suckers, and white crappies decreased significantly depending on gear and the size structure of most fishes changed. Springtime densities of chironomid larvae in the water column were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2008, but other comparisons were similar. The densities of benthic chironomids were significantly lower in substrates that were frequently dewatered compared to areas that were partially or usually not dewatered. Individuals from frequently dewatered areas were significantly smaller than those from other areas and the densities of benthic chironomids in 2008 were significantly lower than other years. Summer drawdown can reduce the catch and alter the size structure of fishes and chironomid larvae in Beulah Reservoir. C1 [Rose, Brien P.; Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Rose, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM brose@usgs.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX We thank Katy Hannah, Alexis Koenings, and Joseph Mullins for their assistance in the field and during data processing; Tim Walters and Ray Perkins from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Lawrence Schwabe and Jason Fenton from the Department of Fish and Wildlife of the Burns Paiute Tribe for providing field gear and technical advice; and Tim Walters, Sally Sauter, biologists from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and two anonymous persons for reviewing the manuscript. This research was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.3955/046.087.0304 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229MZ UT WOS:000325271800002 ER PT J AU Wei, LH Homeier, N Gannon, JL AF Wei, Lisa H. Homeier, Nicole Gannon, Jennifer L. TI Surface electric fields for North America during historical geomagnetic storms SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic disturbances ID ELEMENTARY CURRENT SYSTEMS; POWER TRANSMISSION-SYSTEM; INDUCED CURRENTS; OCTOBER 2003 AB To better understand the impact of geomagnetic disturbances on the electric grid, we recreate surface electric fields from two historical geomagnetic stormsthe 1989 Quebec storm and the 2003 Halloween storms. Using the Spherical Elementary Current Systems method, we interpolate sparsely distributed magnetometer data across North America. We find good agreement between the measured and interpolated data, with larger RMS deviations at higher latitudes corresponding to larger magnetic field variations. The interpolated magnetic field data are combined with surface impedances for 25 unique physiographic regions from the United States Geological Survey and literature to estimate the horizontal, orthogonal surface electric fields in 1 min time steps. The induced horizontal electric field strongly depends on the local surface impedance, resulting in surprisingly strong electric field amplitudes along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast. The relative peak electric field amplitude of each physiographic region, normalized to the value in the Interior Plains region, varies by a factor of 2 for different input magnetic field time series. The order of peak electric field amplitudes (largest to smallest), however, does not depend much on the input. These results suggest that regions at lower magnetic latitudes with high ground resistivities are also at risk from the effect of geomagnetically induced currents. The historical electric field time series are useful for estimating the flow of the induced currents through long transmission lines to study power flow and grid stability during geomagnetic disturbances. C1 [Wei, Lisa H.; Homeier, Nicole] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Gannon, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Golden, CO USA. RP Wei, LH (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA USA. EM lwei@aer.com NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG PY 2013 VL 11 IS 8 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1002/swe.20073 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231MW UT WOS:000325422000005 ER PT J AU Rasa, E Bekins, BA Mackay, DM de Sieyes, NR Wilson, JT Feris, KP Wood, IA Scow, KM AF Rasa, Ehsan Bekins, Barbara A. Mackay, Douglas M. de Sieyes, Nicholas R. Wilson, John T. Feris, Kevin P. Wood, Isaac A. Scow, Kate M. TI Impacts of an ethanol-blended fuel release on groundwater and fate of produced methane: Simulation of field observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethanol; BTEX; anaerobic; methanogenic; reactive transport ID SULFATE-REDUCING AQUIFER; NATURAL ATTENUATION; CRUDE-OIL; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; METHANOGENIC DEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS-MEDIA; BTEX PLUME; O-XYLENE AB In a field experiment at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) designed to mimic the impact of a small-volume release of E10 (10% ethanol and 90% conventional gasoline), two plumes were created by injecting extracted groundwater spiked with benzene, toluene, and o-xylene, abbreviated BToX (no-ethanol lane) and BToX plus ethanol (with-ethanol lane) for 283 days. We developed a reactive transport model to understand processes controlling the fate of ethanol and BToX. The model was calibrated to the extensive field data set and accounted for concentrations of sulfate, iron, acetate, and methane along with iron-reducing bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, fermentative bacteria, and methanogenic archaea. The benzene plume was about 4.5 times longer in the with-ethanol lane than in the no-ethanol lane. Matching this different behavior in the two lanes required inhibiting benzene degradation in the presence of ethanol. Inclusion of iron reduction with negligible growth of iron reducers was required to reproduce the observed constant degradation rate of benzene. Modeling suggested that vertical dispersion and diffusion of sulfate from an adjacent aquitard were important sources of sulfate in the aquifer. Matching of methane data required incorporating initial fermentation of ethanol to acetate, methane loss by outgassing, and methane oxidation coupled to sulfate and iron reduction. Simulation of microbial growth using dual Monod kinetics, and including inhibition by more favorable electron acceptors, generally resulted in reasonable yields for microbial growth of 0.01-0.05. Key Points Reactive transport model of anaerobic ethanol and BToX field experiment Microbial growth simulations of sulfate reducers, fermenters and methanogens Simulations suggest methane oxidation is coupled to sulfate and iron reduction C1 [Rasa, Ehsan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mackay, Douglas M.; de Sieyes, Nicholas R.; Scow, Kate M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wilson, John T.] US EPA, Ada, OK USA. [Feris, Kevin P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wood, Isaac A.] CH2M Hill Consultants, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rasa, E (reprint author), Geosyntec Consultants, 1111 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM erasa@ucdavis.edu FU American Petroleum Institute (API) [2010-104864]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42ES004699]; University Consortium for Field Focused Groundwater Contamination Research FX The project described was supported by grant 2010-104864 from the American Petroleum Institute (API) and Award P42ES004699 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. Additional support was provided by the University Consortium for Field Focused Groundwater Contamination Research. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 49 IS 8 BP 4907 EP 4926 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20382 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 223VA UT WOS:000324838300029 PM 24678130 ER PT J AU Towler, E Roberts, M Rajagopalan, B Sojda, RS AF Towler, Erin Roberts, Mike Rajagopalan, Balaji Sojda, Richard S. TI Incorporating probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts into river management using a risk-based framework SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water management; risk; fisheries; generalized linear model; seasonal forecasting; drought ID ENSEMBLE STREAMFLOW FORECASTS; WATER MANAGEMENT; FLOW; BASIN AB Despite the influence of hydroclimate on river ecosystems, most efforts to date have focused on using climate information to predict streamflow for water supply. However, as water demands intensify and river systems are increasingly stressed, research is needed to explicitly integrate climate into streamflow forecasts that are relevant to river ecosystem management. To this end, we present a five step risk-based framework: (1) define risk tolerance, (2) develop a streamflow forecast model, (3) generate climate forecast ensembles, (4) estimate streamflow ensembles and associated risk, and (5) manage for climate risk. The framework is successfully demonstrated for an unregulated watershed in southwest Montana, where the combination of recent drought and water withdrawals has made it challenging to maintain flows needed for healthy fisheries. We put forth a generalized linear modeling (GLM) approach to develop a suite of tools that skillfully model decision-relevant low flow characteristics in terms of climate predictors. Probabilistic precipitation forecasts are used in conjunction with the GLMs, resulting in season-ahead prediction ensembles that provide the full risk profile. These tools are embedded in an end-to-end risk management framework that directly supports proactive fish conservation efforts. Results show that the use of forecasts can be beneficial to planning, especially in wet years, but historical precipitation forecasts are quite conservative (i.e., not very sharp). Synthetic forecasts show that a modest sharpening can strongly impact risk and improve skill. We emphasize that use in management depends on defining relevant environmental flows and risk tolerance, requiring local stakeholder involvement. Key Points Connects climate forecasts with sustainable ecosystem management General Linear Models used to predict decision-relevant streamflow attributes Presents end-to-end risk-based framework to support proactive planning C1 [Towler, Erin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Roberts, Mike] Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Helena, MT USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sojda, Richard S.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Towler, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM towler@ucar.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship program; NOAA Climate Program Office; U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship program funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the U.S. Geological Survey, and administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scientist Programs. The authors wish to thank the Big Hole Watershed Committee, especially Jen Titus and Kevin Brown, as well as Emma Cayer from Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. The first author acknowledges the Regional Climate Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 49 IS 8 BP 4997 EP 5008 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20378 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 223VA UT WOS:000324838300035 ER PT J AU Cohn, TA England, JF Berenbrock, CE Mason, RR Stedinger, JR Lamontagne, JR AF Cohn, T. A. England, J. F. Berenbrock, C. E. Mason, R. R. Stedinger, J. R. Lamontagne, J. R. TI A generalized Grubbs-Beck test statistic for detecting multiple potentially influential low outliers in flood series SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE outliers; flood frequency analysis; Bulletin 17B; Grubbs-Beck test; significance test ID OUTLYING OBSERVATIONS; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; PERCENTAGE POINTS; LINEAR-MODELS; CENSORED-DATA; INFORMATION; MOMENTS; SAMPLES; SIZES AB The Grubbs-Beck test is recommended by the federal guidelines for detection of low outliers in flood flow frequency computation in the United States. This paper presents a generalization of the Grubbs-Beck test for normal data (similar to the Rosner (1983) test; see also Spencer and McCuen (1996)) that can provide a consistent standard for identifying multiple potentially influential low flows. In cases where low outliers have been identified, they can be represented as less-than values, and a frequency distribution can be developed using censored-data statistical techniques, such as the Expected Moments Algorithm. This approach can improve the fit of the right-hand tail of a frequency distribution and provide protection from lack-of-fit due to unimportant but potentially influential low flows (PILFs) in a flood series, thus making the flood frequency analysis procedure more robust. Key Points Generalization of Grubbs-Beck test to any order statistic of a normal sample Derivation of semi-analytical p-values for generalized Grubbs-Beck test Application of test to frequency analysis for records with multiple outliers C1 [Cohn, T. A.; Berenbrock, C. E.; Mason, R. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [England, J. F.] US Bur Reclamat, Flood Hydrol Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stedinger, J. R.; Lamontagne, J. R.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cohn, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tacohn@usgs.gov RI England, John/C-9987-2014 OI England, John/0000-0001-5563-6274 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 49 IS 8 BP 5047 EP 5058 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20392 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 223VA UT WOS:000324838300039 ER PT J AU Gall, L Williams, HM Siebert, C Halliday, AN Herrington, RJ Hein, JR AF Gall, L. Williams, H. M. Siebert, C. Halliday, A. N. Herrington, R. J. Hein, J. R. TI Nickel isotopic compositions of ferromanganese crusts and the constancy of deep ocean inputs and continental weathering effects over the Cenozoic SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crusts; nickel; stable isotopes; marine geochemistry; seawater paleochemistry ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL MANGANESE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TRACE-METALS; NI; SEAWATER; CU; PACIFIC AB The global variability in nickel (Ni) isotope compositions in ferromanganese crusts is investigated by analysing surface samples of 24 crusts from various ocean basins by MC-ICPMS, using a double-spike for mass bias correction. Ferromanganese crusts have delta Ni-60 isotopic compositions that are significantly heavier than any other samples thus far reported (-0.1 parts per thousand to 0.3 parts per thousand), with surface scrapings ranging between 0.9 parts per thousand and 2.5 parts per thousand (relative to NIST SRM986). There is no well resolved difference between ocean basins, although the data indicate somewhat lighter values in the Atlantic than in the Pacific, nor is there any evidence that the variations are related to biological fractionation, presence of different water masses, or bottom water redox conditions. Preliminary data for laterite samples demonstrate that weathering is accompanied by isotopic fractionation of Ni, which should lead to rivers and seawater being isotopically heavy. This is consistent with the slightly heavier than average isotopic compositions recorded in crusts that are sampled close to continental regions. Furthermore, the isotopic compositions of crusts growing close to a hydrothermal source are clustered around similar to 1.5 parts per thousand, suggesting that hydrothermal fluids entering the ocean may have a Ni isotopic composition similar to this value. Based on these data, the heavy Ni isotopic compositions of ferromanganese crusts are likely due to input of isotopically heavy Ni to the ocean from continental weathering and possibly also from hydrothermal fluids. A depth profile through one crust, CD29-2, from the north central Pacific Ocean displays large variations in Ni isotope composition (1.1-2.3 parts per thousand) through the last 76 Myr. Although there may have been some redistribution of Ni associated with phosphatisation, there is no systematic difference in Ni isotopic composition between deeper, older parts and shallower, younger parts of the crust, which may suggest that oceanic sources and sinks of Ni have largely remained in steady state over the Cenozoic. Additionally, the isotope profile is in agreement with a profile of Mn concentration through the same crust. This implies a link between the Ni isotopic composition recorded in ferromanganese crusts and the release of Ni into the ocean through hydrothermal activity. This supports the conclusions drawn from surface data, that Ni isotope ratios in ferromanganese crusts are largely controlled by the isotopic compositions of the Ni oceanic input sources. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gall, L.; Williams, H. M.; Siebert, C.; Halliday, A. N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. [Williams, H. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Siebert, C.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Herrington, R. J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gall, L (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. EM louiseg@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Siebert, Christopher /M-7071-2013; OI Herrington, Richard/0000-0003-1576-8242 FU Petrobras; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Research Council FX We would like to thank the Oxford Isotope Group and Nick Belshaw for invaluable technical assistance and Alex Thomas for very helpful discussions. We would also like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments. Ferromanganese crust samples were provided by the US Geological Survey, CA, USA; Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of San Diego, CA, USA; University of Rhode Island, RI, USA; National History Museum and British Museum, London, UK; Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany; and Universitat Kiel, Kiel, Germany. This study was funded by Petrobras, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, and the European Research Council. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 375 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.019 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 223YB UT WOS:000324847300013 ER PT J AU Donahue, MS Karlstrom, KE Aslan, A Darling, A Granger, D Wan, E Dickinson, RG Kirby, E AF Donahue, Magdalena S. Karlstrom, K. E. Aslan, A. Darling, A. Granger, D. Wan, E. Dickinson, R. G. Kirby, E. TI Incision history of the Black Canyon of Gunnison, Colorado, over the past similar to 1 Ma inferred from dating of fluvial gravel deposits SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EASTERN MARGIN; PLEISTOCENE INCISION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; VOLCANIC FIELD; EROSION RATES; UPLIFT; RIVER; SURFACE AB Spatio-temporal variability in fluvial incision rates in bedrock channels provides data regarding uplift and denudation histories of landscapes. The longitudinal profile of the Gunnison River (Colorado), tributary to the Colorado River, contains a prominent knickzone with 800 m of relief across it within the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. Average bedrock incision rates over the last 0.64 Ma surrounding the knickpoint vary from 150 m/Ma (downstream) to 400-550 m/Ma (within) to 90-95 m/Ma (upstream), suggesting it is a transient feature. Lava Creek B ash constrains strath terraces along a paleoprofile of the river. An isochron cosmogenic burial date in the paleo-Bostwick River of 870 +/- 220 ka is consistent with the presence of 0.64 Ma Lava Creek B ash in locally derived, stratigraphically younger sediment. With 350 m of incision since deposition, we determine an incision rate of 400-550 m/Ma, reflecting incision through resistant basement rock at 2-3 times regional incision rates. Such contrast is attributed to a wave of transient incision, potentially initiated by downstream base-level fall during abandonment of Unaweep Canyon at ca. 1 Ma. Rate extrapolation indicates that the similar to 700 m depth of Black Canyon has been eroded since 1.3-1.75 Ma. The Black Canyon knickpoint overlies a strong gradient between low-velocity mantle under the Colorado Rockies and higher-velocity mantle of the Colorado Plateau. We interpret recent reorganization and transient incision of both the Gunnison River and upper Colorado River systems to be a response to mantle-driven epeirogenic uplift of the southern Rockies in the last 10 Ma. C1 [Donahue, Magdalena S.; Karlstrom, K. E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Aslan, A.] Colorado Mesa Univ, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [Darling, A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Granger, D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wan, E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Kirby, E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Donahue, MS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Colorado Rockies Experiment and Seismic Transects (CREST) experiment; National Science Foundation (NSF) Continental Dynamics Program [EAR-0607808]; Mesa State College Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU); NSF REU Site Award [EAR-0453264] FX This work was supported by the Colorado Rockies Experiment and Seismic Transects (CREST) experiment funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Continental Dynamics Program under award EAR-0607808. Thanks also to David C. Noe and anonymous reviewers for editorial comments. We also thank the Alfred P. Sloan Minority Ph. D. Program, and participants who were supported in 2006 by the Mesa State College Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU), which was supported by NSF REU Site Award EAR-0453264. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.1130/GES00847.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221SM UT WOS:000324679200006 ER PT J AU Sherrod, BL Barnett, E Schermer, E Kelsey, HM Hughes, J Foit, FF Weaver, CS Haugerud, R Hyatt, T AF Sherrod, Brian L. Barnett, Elizabeth Schermer, Elizabeth Kelsey, Harvey M. Hughes, Jonathan Foit, Franklin F., Jr. Weaver, Craig S. Haugerud, Ralph Hyatt, Tim TI Holocene tectonics and fault reactivation in the foothills of the north Cascade Mountains, Washington SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FORE-ARC; SEATTLE FAULT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SEISMIC HAZARDS; ICE-SHEET; EL-ASNAM; EARTHQUAKE AB We use LiDAR imagery to identify two fault scarps on latest Pleistocene glacial out-wash deposits along the North Fork Nooksack River in Whatcom County, Washington (United States). Mapping and paleoseismic investigation of these previously unknown scarps provide constraints on the earthquake history and seismic hazard in the northern Puget Lowland. The Kendall scarp lies along the mapped trace of the Boulder Creek fault, a south-dipping Tertiary normal fault, and the Canyon Creek scarp lies in close proximity to the south-dipping Canyon Creek fault and the south-dipping Glacier Extensional fault. Both scarps are south-side-up, opposite the sense of displacement observed on the nearby bedrock faults. Trenches excavated across these scarps exposed folded and faulted late Quaternary glacial outwash, locally dated between ca. 12 and 13 ka, and Holocene buried soils and scarp colluvium. Reverse and oblique faulting of the soils and colluvial deposits indicates at least two late Holocene earthquakes, while folding of the glacial outwash prior to formation of the post-glacial soil suggests an earlier Holocene earthquake. Abrupt changes in bed thickness across faults in the Canyon Creek excavation suggest a lateral component of slip. Sediments in a wetland adjacent to the Kendall scarp record three pond-forming episodes during the Holocene-we infer that surface ruptures on the Boulder Creek fault during past earthquakes temporarily blocked the stream channel and created an ephemeral lake. The Boulder Creek and Canyon Creek faults formed in the early to mid-Tertiary as normal faults and likely lay dormant until reactivated as reverse faults in a new stress regime. The most recent earthquakes-each likely M-w > 6.3 and dating to ca. 8050-7250 calendar years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), 3190-2980 cal. yr B.P., and 910-740 cal. yr B.P.-demonstrate that reverse faulting in the northern Puget Lowland poses a hazard to urban areas between Seattle (Washington) and Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). C1 [Sherrod, Brian L.; Barnett, Elizabeth; Weaver, Craig S.; Haugerud, Ralph] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schermer, Elizabeth] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Kelsey, Harvey M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Hughes, Jonathan] Univ Fraser Valley, Dept Geog, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada. [Foit, Franklin F., Jr.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hyatt, Tim] Nooksack Tribe, Deming, WA 98244 USA. RP Sherrod, BL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU Glen at Maple Falls, Cowden Gravel; Washington State Department of Natural Resources FX We thank landowners from The Glen at Maple Falls, Cowden Gravel, and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources for granting us access to their property to excavate trenches and collect wetland cores. Stephen Personius, Keith Knudsen, and Thomas Pratt provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft. Richard Blakely provided information on the size and shape of the Bellingham Basin. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviews greatly improved the manuscript. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 827 EP 852 DI 10.1130/GES00880.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221SM UT WOS:000324679200007 ER PT J AU Henry, CD John, DA AF Henry, Christopher D. John, David A. TI Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; ANCESTRAL-CASCADES ARC; SOUTHERN STILLWATER RANGE; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; SAN-JUAN-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES; SEVIER HINTERLAND; ROUND MOUNTAIN; WALKER-LANE; AR-40/AR-39 GEOCHRONOLOGY AB The western Nevada volcanic field is the western third of a belt of calderas through Nevada and western Utah. Twenty-three calderas and their caldera-forming tuffs are reasonably well identified in the western Nevada volcanic field, and the presence of at least another 14 areally extensive, apparently voluminous ash-flow tuffs whose sources are unknown suggests a similar number of undiscovered calderas. Eruption and caldera collapse occurred between at least 34.4 and 23.3 Ma and clustered into five similar to 0.5-2.7-Ma-long episodes separated by quiescent periods of similar to 1.4 Ma. One eruption and caldera collapse occurred at 19.5 Ma. Intermediate to silicic lavas or shallow intrusions commonly preceded caldera-forming eruptions by 1-6 Ma in any specific area. Caldera-related as well as other magmatism migrated from northeast Nevada to the southwest through time, probably resulting from rollback of the formerly shallow-dipping Farallon slab. Calderas are restricted to the area northeast of what was to become the Walker Lane, although intermediate and effusive magmatism continued to migrate to the southwest across the future Walker Lane. Most ash-flow tuffs in the western Nevada volcanic field are rhyolites, with approximately equal numbers of sparsely porphyritic (<= 15% phenocrysts) and abundantly porphyritic (similar to 20-50% phenocrysts) tuffs. Both sparsely and abundantly porphyritic rhyolites commonly show compositional or petrographic evidence of zoning to trachydacites or dacites. At least four tuffs have volumes greater than 1000 km(3), with one possibly as much as similar to 3000 km3. However, the volumes of most tuffs are difficult to estimate, because many tuffs primarily filled their source calderas and/ or flowed and were deposited in paleovalleys, and thus are irregularly distributed. Channelization and westward flow of most tuffs in paleovalleys allowed them to travel great distances, many as much as similar to 250 km ( original distance) to what is now the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, which was not a barrier to westward flow of ash flows at that time. At least three tuffs flowed eastward across a north-south paleodivide through central Nevada. That tuffs could flow significant distances apparently uphill raises questions about the absolute elevation of the region and the elevation, relief, and location of the paleodivide. Calderas are equant to slightly elongate, at least 12 km in diameter, and as much as 35 km in longest dimension. Exceptional exposure of two caldera complexes that resulted from extensional faulting and tilting show that calderas subsided as much as 5 km as large piston-like blocks; caldera walls were vertical to steeply inward dipping to depths >= 4-5 km, and topographic walls formed by slumping of wall rock into the caldera were only slightly outboard (<= 1 km) of structural margins. Most calderas show abundant post-collapse magmatism expressed as resurgent intrusions, ring-fracture intrusions, or intracaldera lavas that are closely related temporally (similar to 0-0.5 Ma younger) to caldera formation. Granitoid intrusions, which were emplaced at paleodepths ranging from <1 to similar to 7 km, are compositionally similar to both intracaldera ash-flow tuffs and post-caldera lavas. Therefore in the western Nevada volcanic field, erupted caldera-forming tuffs commonly were the upper parts of large magma chambers that retained considerable volumes of magma after tuff eruption. Several calderas in the western Nevada volcanic field hosted large hydrothermal systems and underwent extensive hydrothermal alteration. Different types of hydrothermal systems (neutral-pH alkali-chloride and acid or low-pH magmatic-hydrothermal) may reflect proximity to (depth of) large resurgent intrusions. With the exception of the giant Round Mountain epithermal gold deposit, few known caldera-related hydrothermal systems are strongly mineralized. Major middle Cenozoic precious and base metal mineral deposits in and along the margins of the western Nevada volcanic field are mostly related to intrusive rocks that preceded caldera-forming eruptions. C1 [Henry, Christopher D.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [John, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Henry, CD (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0124869]; Mineral Resources and STATEMAP programs of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We gratefully acknowledge extensive discussions with many geologists, especially Joe Colgan, Jim Faulds, Nick Hinz, Myron Best, Mark Hudson, Eric Christiansen, Brian Cousens, Al Deino, Sherman Gromme, Woody Brooks, Liz Cassel, Steve Castor, John Dilles, Ted McKee, Jamie Conrad, Kathryn Watts, Dave Boden, Mike Ressel, Jerry Brem, Dick Hardyman, and Dan Shawe. Precise 40Ar/39Ar dating done at the New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory under the patient guidance and with the considerable help of Bill McIntosh, Matt Heizler, Lisa Peters, Rich Esser, Matt Zimmerer, and Jake Ross has been essential to understanding the geology and evolution of the volcanic field. Much of the geologic study that contributed to this report was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant EAR-0124869) and the Mineral Resources and STATEMAP programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Thorough reviews by Myron Best, Eric Christiansen, Ed du Bray, John Dilles, and Fred McDowell greatly improved the science and presentation of this report. NR 200 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 951 EP 1008 DI 10.1130/GES00867.1 PG 58 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221SM UT WOS:000324679200010 ER PT J AU Steltenpohl, MG Horton, JW Hatcher, RD Zietz, I Daniels, DL Higgins, MW AF Steltenpohl, Mark G. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Zietz, Isidore Daniels, David L. Higgins, Michael W. TI Upper crustal structure of Alabama from regional magnetic and gravity data: Using geology to interpret geophysics, and vice versa SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID PINE MOUNTAIN WINDOW; SOUTHERN LAURENTIAN MARGIN; BLUE RIDGE; INNER PIEDMONT; NORTH-AMERICA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; APPALACHIAN OROGEN; BASEMENT BENEATH; COASTAL-PLAIN AB Aeromagnetic and gravity data sets obtained for Alabama (United States) have been digitally merged and filtered to enhance upper-crustal anomalies. Beneath the Appalachian Basin in northwestern Alabama, broad deep-crustal anomalies of the continental interior include the Grenville front and New York-Alabama lineament (dextral fault). Toward the east and south, high-angle discordance between the northeast-trending Appalachians and the east-west-trending wedge of overlapping Mesozoic and Cenozoic Gulf Coastal Plain sediments reveals how bedrock geophysical signatures progressively change with deeper burial. High-frequency magnetic anomalies in the Appalachian deformed domain (ADD) correspond to amphibolites and mylonites outlining terranes, while broader, lower-amplitude domains include Paleozoic intrusive bodies and Grenville basement gneiss. Fundamental ADD structures (e. g., the Alexander City, Towaliga, and Goat Rock-Bartletts Ferry faults) can be traced southward beneath the Gulf Coastal Plain to the suture with Gondwanan crust of the Suwannee terrane. Within the ADD, there is clear magnetic distinction between Laurentian crust and the strongly linear, high-frequency magnetic highs of peri-Gondwanan (Carolina-Uchee) arc terranes. The contact (Central Piedmont suture) corresponds to surface exposures of the Bartletts Ferry fault. ADD magnetic and gravity signatures are truncated by the east-west-trending Altamaha magnetic low associated with the Suwannee suture. Arcuate northeast-trending magnetic linears of the Suwannee terrane reflect internal structure and Mesozoic failed-rift trends. Geophysical data can be used to make inferences on surface and subsurface geology and vice versa, which has applicability anywhere that bedrock is exposed or concealed beneath essentially non-magnetic sedimentary cover. C1 [Steltenpohl, Mark G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zietz, Isidore; Daniels, David L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Higgins, Michael W.] Geol Mapping Inst, Clayton, GA 30525 USA. RP Steltenpohl, MG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Petrie Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 144 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1064 DI 10.1130/GES00703.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221SM UT WOS:000324679200013 ER PT J AU Maloney, JM Noble, PJ Driscoll, NW Kent, GM Smith, SB Schmauder, GC Babcock, JM Baskin, RL Karlin, R Kell, AM Seitz, GG Zimmerman, S Kleppe, JA AF Maloney, Jillian M. Noble, Paula J. Driscoll, Neal W. Kent, Graham M. Smith, Shane B. Schmauder, Gretchen C. Babcock, Jeffrey M. Baskin, Robert L. Karlin, Robert Kell, Annie M. Seitz, Gordon G. Zimmerman, Susan Kleppe, John A. TI Paleoseismic history of the Fallen Leaf segment of the West Tahoe-Dollar Point fault reconstructed from slide deposits in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California-Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; RANGE PROVINCE; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; YR BP; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; GLACIATION; BOUNDARY; SYSTEM; COAST AB The West Tahoe-Dollar Point fault (WTDPF) extends along the western margin of the Lake Tahoe Basin (northern Sierra Nevada, western United States) and is characterized as its most hazardous fault. Fallen Leaf Lake, Cascade Lake, and Emerald Bay are three subbasins of the Lake Tahoe Basin, located south of Lake Tahoe, and provide an opportunity to image primary earthquake deformation along the WTDPF and associated landslide deposits. Here we present results from high-resolution seismic Chirp (compressed high intensity radar pulse) surveys in Fallen Leaf Lake and Cascade Lake, multibeam bathymetry coverage of Fallen Leaf Lake, onshore Lidar (light detection and ranging) data for the southern Lake Tahoe Basin, and radiocarbon dates from piston cores in Fallen Leaf Lake and Emerald Bay. Slide deposits imaged beneath Fallen Leaf Lake appear to be synchronous with slides in Lake Tahoe, Emerald Bay, and Cascade Lake. The temporal correlation of slides between multiple basins suggests triggering by earthquakes on the WTDPF system. If this correlation is correct, we postulate a recurrence interval of similar to 3-4 k.y. for large earthquakes on the Fallen Leaf Lake segment of the WTDPF, and the time since the most recent event (similar to 4.5 k.y. ago) exceeds this recurrence time. In addition, Chirp data beneath Cascade Lake image strands of the WTDPF offsetting the lake floor as much as similar to 7.5 m. The Cascade Lake data combined with onshore Lidar allow us to map the WTDPF continuously between Fallen Leaf Lake and Cascade Lake. This improved mapping of the WTDPF reveals the fault geometry and architecture south of Lake Tahoe and improves the geohazard assessment of the region. C1 [Maloney, Jillian M.; Driscoll, Neal W.; Babcock, Jeffrey M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Noble, Paula J.; Smith, Shane B.; Karlin, Robert] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kent, Graham M.; Schmauder, Gretchen C.; Kell, Annie M.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Baskin, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Seitz, Gordon G.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zimmerman, Susan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kleppe, John A.] Univ Nevada, Coll Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Maloney, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Zimmerman, Susan/A-3351-2013 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0649410, EAR-127499]; U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program [10HQPA1000, 06HQGR0064, 02HQGR0072]; Exxon-Mobil student grant; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant [09-ERI-003] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0649410 and EAR-127499, U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program grants 10HQPA1000, 06HQGR0064, and 02HQGR0072, and an Exxon-Mobil student grant. This manuscript was greatly enhanced through thoughtful reviews from Cathy Busby, Paul Umhoefer, Mike Oskin, and Rich Briggs. Radiocarbon ages for the 2010 Fallen Leaf Lake cores were funded by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant 09-ERI-003. We thank Brig Ebright for his permission to allow us to conduct research on Cascade Lake and Paul Baker for access to a boat ramp on his property. We are indebted to Fire Chief Gary Gerren for access to the Fallen Leaf Lake boat ramp and invasive species boat wash. Generous support from Bill Craven and access to his boat allowed collection of the 2010 multibeam survey. We also thank Shane Romsos and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency for access to the critical airborne Lidar (light detection and ranging) data collected in 2010. We thank Anders Noren and Kristina Brady from LacCore for adding Fallen Leaf Lake to their busy 2010 coring schedule and for helping us get a high-quality suite of piston cores. Initial core processing, logging, and sampling of the 2010 Fallen Leaf Lake cores were conducted at LacCore. We thank Laurel Stratton for her logistical role in initiating the 2010 coring program and for helping with initial core processing, and Danny Brothers for conversations regarding previously collected Chirp (compressed high intensity radar pulse) profiles and sediment cores. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1090 DI 10.1130/GES00877.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221SM UT WOS:000324679200014 ER PT J AU Falgueres, C Bahain, JJ Bischoff, JL Perez-Gonzalez, A Ortega, AI Olle, A Quiles, A Ghaleb, B Moreno, D Dolo, JM Shao, QF Vallverdu, J Carbonell, E de Castro, JMB Arsuaga, JL AF Falgueres, Christophe Bahain, Jean-Jacques Bischoff, James L. Perez-Gonzalez, Alfredo Isabel Ortega, Ana Olle, Andreu Quiles, Anita Ghaleb, Bassam Moreno, Davinia Dolo, Jean-Michel Shao, Qingfeng Vallverdu, Josep Carbonell, Eudald Maria Bermudez de Castro, Jose Luis Arsuaga, Juan TI Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galeria site, Atapuerca, Spain SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Middle Pleistocene; Eurasia; Gran Dolina; Luminescence; Bayesian analysis; Homo antecessor ID SIERRA-DE-ATAPUERCA; TOOTH ENAMEL; GRAN DOLINA; LOWER PLEISTOCENE; U-UPTAKE; SIMA; AGE; BURGOS; EUROPE; STRATIGRAPHY AB The Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain, is known from many prehistoric and palaeontological sites documenting human prehistory in Europe. Three major sites, Gran Dolina, Galeria and Sima del Elefante, range in age from the oldest hominin of Western Europe dated to 1.1 to 1.3 Ma (millions of years ago) at Sima del Elefante to c.a. 0.2 Ma on the top of the Galeria archaeological sequence. Recently, a chronology based on luminescence methods (Thermoluminescence [TL] and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence [IRSL]) applied to cave sediments was published for the Gran Dolina and Galeria sites. The authors proposed for Galeria an age of 450 ka (thousands of years ago) for the units lower GIII and GII, suggesting that the human occupation there is younger than the hominid remains of Sima de los Huesos (>530 ka) around 1 km away. In this paper, we present new results obtained by combined Electron Spin Resonance/Uranium-series (ESR/U-series) dating on 20 herbivorous teeth from different levels at the Galeria site. They are in agreement with the TL results for the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence (GIV and GIIIb), in the range of between 200 and 250 ka. But for the GIIIa to GIIb levels, the U ages become abruptly older by 200 ka while ESR ages remain relatively constant. Finally, the TL and ESR data agree in the lowest part of the section (Gila); both fall in the range of around 350-450 ka. Our results suggest a different interpretation for the GII, GIII and GIV units of Galeria and the upper part of Gran Dolina (TD10 and TD11) than obtained by TL The ESR/U-series results are supported by a Bayesian analysis, which allows a better integration between stratigraphic information and radiometric data. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Falgueres, Christophe; Bahain, Jean-Jacques; Moreno, Davinia; Shao, Qingfeng] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Prehist, UMR7194, F-75013 Paris, France. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Perez-Gonzalez, Alfredo; Isabel Ortega, Ana; Maria Bermudez de Castro, Jose] Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana CENIEH, Burgos 09002, Spain. [Olle, Andreu; Moreno, Davinia; Vallverdu, Josep; Carbonell, Eudald] Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social, Tarragona 43007, Spain. [Olle, Andreu; Vallverdu, Josep; Carbonell, Eudald] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Lletres, Area Prehist, Dept Hist & Hist Art, Tarragona 43002, Spain. [Quiles, Anita] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ghaleb, Bassam] Univ Quebec, Geotop, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Dolo, Jean-Michel] CEA I2BM, F-91401 Orsay, France. [Carbonell, Eudald] Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol Beijin, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Luis Arsuaga, Juan] Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Mixto UCM ISCIII Evoluc & Comportamiento Huma, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Falgueres, C (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Prehist, UMR7194, 1 Rue Rene Panhard, F-75013 Paris, France. EM falguere@mnhn.fr; bahain@mnhn.fr; jbischoff@usgs.gov; alfredo.perez@cenieh.es; anaisabel.ortega@cenieh.es; aolle@iphes.cat; anita.quiles@lsce.ipsl.fr; ghaleb.bassam@uqam.ca; moreno@mnhn.fr; jean-michel.dolo@cea.fr; shao@mnhn.fr; jvallverdu@iphes.cat; ecarbonell@iphes.cat; josemaria.bermudezdecastro@cenieh.es; jlarsuaga@isciii.es RI Vallverdu i Poch, Josep/B-7121-2014; Carbonell, Eudald/G-3003-2015; Olle, Andreu/D-6837-2013; OI Olle, Andreu/0000-0002-8643-5536; Ortega, Ana Isabel/0000-0002-4034-0128; DAVINIA, MORENO/0000-0001-8470-6825 FU Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-12703-C03]; Catalan AGAUR [2009SGR-188, 2009SGR-324] FX We thank Yuji Yokoyama for having provided unpublished data about gamma-ray spectrometric dating of human remains. We thank Rainer Grun for having improved the scientific content of this paper. We thank all the members of Atapuerca team, too numerous to be cited, who participated and contributed to finalize this paper. Research has been developed in the framework of the Spanish MICINN project CGL2009-12703-C03, the Catalan AGAUR projects 2009SGR-188 and 2009SGR-324 and Junta de Castilla y Leon. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 76 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 168 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 222HU UT WOS:000324722600006 PM 23830175 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, SR Lehnen, SE Smith, K AF Wittenberg, Sara Ress Lehnen, Sarah E. Smith, Kimberly TI USE OF STABLE ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN TO PREDICT NATAL ORIGINS OF JUVENILE MERLINS AND NORTHERN HARRIERS MIGRATING THROUGH THE FLORIDA KEYS SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Circus cyaneus; Falco columbarius; hydrogen stable isotopes; Merlin; Northern Harrier; raptor migration ID PRECIPITATION; POPULATIONS; FEATHERS; PATTERNS; RATIOS; BIRDS AB Stable isotopes of hydrogen have been used as a tool to determine migratory connectivity, or to link breeding and wintering grounds. Because isotopes serve as intrinsic markers, eliminating the need for birds to be relocated after an initial marking, they hold the potential to be an extremely useful tool. From 1998 to 2003 we gathered feathers from juvenile Merlins (Falco cohtmbarius) and Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus) during their fall migration in the Florida Keys and analyzed them isotopically in an attempt to determine their natal origins. Our results failed to reveal the natal origins of at least one of these two birds of prey. C1 [Wittenberg, Sara Ress; Smith, Kimberly] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Lehnen, Sarah E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Wittenberg, SR (reprint author), HC 60 Box 860 Ruby Valley, Ruby Valley, NV 89833 USA. EM sara_ress@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 24 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2013 VL 115 IS 3 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1525/cond.2013.120130 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 213TH UT WOS:000324082600001 ER PT J AU Burnett, LJ Sorenson, KJ Brandt, J Sandhaus, EA Ciani, D Clark, M David, C Theule, J Kasielke, S Risebrough, RW AF Burnett, L. Joseph Sorenson, Kelly J. Brandt, Joseph Sandhaus, Estelle A. Ciani, Deborah Clark, Michael David, Chandra Theule, Jenny Kasielke, Susie Risebrough, Robert W. TI EGGSHELL THINNING AND DEPRESSED HATCHING SUCCESS OF CALIFORNIA CONDORS REINTRODUCED TO CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE California Condor; DDE; eggshell thinning; Gymnogyps californianus ID FISH-EATING BIRDS; BALD EAGLE EGGS; SEA-LIONS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DDT; CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTION; WEIGHT AB From 1997 through 2010, in collaboration with the National Park Service, we released 84 captive-reared California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) to the wild in central California; from 2006 through 2010 we recorded 16 nestings by nine pairs and recovered eggs or eggshell fragments from 12 nests. Mean thickness of shell fragments, without membrane, was 0.46 mm, 34% lower than the average thickness of 0.70 mm of fragments recovered from nine successful nests in interior southern California, 2007-2009. Hatching success in central California was 20-40%, significantly lower than the 70-80% recorded in southern California. The outer crystalline layer was absent or greatly reduced, as in thin-shelled condor eggs laid in southern California in the 1960s. Shell thickness was not related to egg size. Weight/water loss during incubation in the wild averaged three times greater than the normal rate associated with successful hatching; the rate of loss increased significantly with decreasing shell thickness. At least four failures, three from death of the embryo, we attribute to excessive weight/water loss; two other eggs losing substantial weight hatched successfully after artificial incubation at elevated humidities. DDT/DDE from wastes of a DDT factory discharged into the Southern California Bight had previously caused extensive eggshell thinning and reproductive failures of fish-eating and raptorial birds. Feeding on carcasses of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), reintroduced condors now occupy a higher level of the food web. Like that of other species previously affected, the thickness of condor eggshells should recover as DDE contamination continues to decline. C1 [Burnett, L. Joseph; Sorenson, Kelly J.] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. [Brandt, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93005 USA. [Sandhaus, Estelle A.] Santa Barbara Zoo, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Ciani, Deborah; Clark, Michael; David, Chandra; Theule, Jenny; Kasielke, Susie] Los Angeles Zoo & Bot Gardens, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Risebrough, Robert W.] Bodega Bay Inst, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Burnett, LJ (reprint author), Ventana Wildlife Soc, 19045 Portola Dr,Ste F1, Salinas, CA 93908 USA. EM pelecanus@igc.org FU Fluke Foundation; Oregon Zoo Foundation; Newman's Own Foundation; Mountain Tools; William R. Hearst III; Kinnoull Foundation; Ludwick Family Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Geographic Expedition Council; Pacific Gas and Electric Company; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; George B. Storer Foundation; Sylvanus Charitable Trust; Sydney S. Byers Charitable Trust; Ruth Smart Foundation; Dean Witter Foundation; Wendy P. McCaw Foundation; National Park Service; Natural Encounters Conservation Fund; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation FX Over the years, many individuals contributed to the success of the Big Sur condor project, and we are very appreciative of their efforts. We are particularly grateful to Ventana Wildlife Society biologists Mike Tyner and Sayre Flannagan for their dedication and recognize their many hours locating and monitoring nest sites in Big Sur. We thank Robert Brownell, Rene Corado, Robert Delong, Gavin Emmons, Daniel George, Jesse Grantham, Linnea Hall, Janet Hamber, James Hart, Marti Jenkins, Matthew Johnson, Jessica Koning, Jonathan Krupp, Brian Latta, Guangwei Min, Allan Mee, David Moen, Mark Readdie, Bruce Rideout, Peter Sharpe, Scott Scherbinski, Mike Stake, Sam Sumida, Alacia Welch, Amy Wells, and Chris West for their invaluable help, assistance and participation. We thank our own respective institutions and our many partners for their assistance, particularly the National Park Service, the Oregon Zoo, The Peregrine Fund, San Diego Zoo Global, Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens, California Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Forest Service, and California State Parks. Financial support for this study was provided by the Fluke Foundation, Oregon Zoo Foundation, Newman's Own Foundation, Mountain Tools, and by our respective institutions. We thank L. F. Kiff and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. Last, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided the Big Sur condor project by William R. Hearst III, Kinnoull Foundation, Ludwick Family Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Geographic Expedition Council, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, George B. Storer Foundation, Sylvanus Charitable Trust, Sydney S. Byers Charitable Trust, Ruth Smart Foundation, Dean Witter Foundation, Wendy P. McCaw Foundation, National Park Service, Natural Encounters Conservation Fund, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 110 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2013 VL 115 IS 3 BP 477 EP 491 DI 10.1525/cond.2013.110150 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 213TH UT WOS:000324082600004 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Handel, CM Ruthrauff, DR AF Gill, Robert E., Jr. Handel, Colleen M. Ruthrauff, Daniel R. TI INTERCONTINENTAL MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURING OF DUNLINS FROM WESTERN ALASKA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beringia; migratory connectivity; Dunlin; Calidris alpina; population structure; migration; conservation ID SHARP-TAILED SANDPIPERS; CALIDRIS-ALPINA; NORTHERN COAST; PACIFIC COAST; RED KNOTS; PATTERNS; SHOREBIRDS; MOVEMENT; SEGREGATION; RECOVERIES AB The Dunlin (Calidris alpina) is a polytypic shorebird with complex patterns of distribution and migration throughout its holarctic range. We analyzed mark-resighting data obtained between 1977 and 2010 from birds captured at two major staging areas in western Alaska to test the hypothesis that the migration patterns of Alaskan populations are a mixture of parallel and chain, similar to those of Dunlin populations in the western Palearctic. Birds marked on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta were found wintering in both Asia and North America, which documented the unexpected mixing of C. a. arcticola from northern Alaska and C. a. pacifica from western Alaska and contradicted our initial prediction of parallel migration pathways for these two subspecies. In its North American winter range C. a. pacifica segregated according to location of marking, confirming our prediction of a chain migration pattern within this population. Individuals of C. a. pacifica marked on the delta were resighted significantly farther north, mostly in southern British Columbia and Washington, than birds marked on the second, more southerly staging area on the Alaska Peninsula, which were resighted primarily in the San Francisco Bay area of northern California. We recommend additional studies use a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic markers to quantify the strength of migratory connectivity between breeding, staging, and wintering areas. Such information is needed to guide conservation efforts because the Dunlin and other waterbirds are losing intertidal habitats at an unprecedented rate and scale, particularly in the Yellow Sea and other parts of Asia. C1 [Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Handel, Colleen M.; Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rgill@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) through the Bureau of Land Management as part of the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program; USFWS; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; USGS FX A study extending over four decades was obviously supported by many people and institutions. Financial support for field work from 1976 to 1982 was provided to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) through the Bureau of Land Management as part of the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, from 1983 to 1996 by the USFWS, and from 1997 to 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the "Beringia 2005" expedition of the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and the interagency (USFWS and USGS) program for surveillance sampling for highly pathogenic avian influenza. Principal logistical support was provided by the Yukon Delta and Izembek national wildlife refuges. Numerous individuals helped with capturing and marking Dunlins over the years, but we owe special recognition to P. Battley, F. Broerman, J. Conklin, S. Davis, T. DeGange, M. Dementyev, T. Donnelly, M. Green, C. Harwood, A. Lindstrom, J. Lawonn, H. Lemke, M. Maftei, B. McCaffery, C. McCaffery, D. Melville, J. Nelson, M. Petersen, A. Riegen, M. Sexson, D. Stojanovic, J. Terenzi, L. Tibbitts, and D. Veitch. We especially thank C.-Y. Chiang, J. Choi, P. Sanzenbacher, and N. Warnock for allowing us to incorporate sightings of their marked birds into our database. Equally important to marking birds was having them resighted. The late Mark Barter maintained a database of Dunlins resighted away from or in east Asia, an invaluable cross-reference for our records. The following we thank for their observations or for passing along observations by others, with names in italics responsible for multiple records: D. Aldercroft, N. Arce, P. Ashman, R. Bayer, the late L. Binford, J Buchanan, E. Cardiff, R. Carmona, T. Chandik, C. Hsuan, C.-Y. Chiang, J Choi, P. Connors, L. Cooper, G. Dorsey,N.Drumheller,A. Edwards, M. Egger, R. Erickson, J. Evens, S. Feys, R. Gates, H. Gibbs, R. Gordon, T. Harris-Haller, S. Harrison, Mr. Hattori, N. Hentze, S. Herman, B. Hill, T. Hiroi, M. Hyakutake, J Ireland, K Irwin, S. Jamieson, H. Johansen, S. Johnston, Y-K fu, G. Kaiser, M Kashiwagi, N. Kishimoto, A. Kumagai, Y. Kurasashi, R. Lanctot, P. La Tourrette, J. Lawonn, R. LeValley, B. MacDonald, M. Mahafey, N. Mamagata, T. Manoles, J. Michaels, C. Minton, J. P. Myers, T. Nakayama, H. Nehls, P. Nietlisbach, G. Page, C. Park, D. Paulson, D. Roberson, D. Rogers, R. Ronson, S. Shanewise, Y. Shigeta, D. Shuford, J. Smith, W. Somerville, P. Springer, L. Stenzel, E. Stopps, P. Suchanek, K. Suzuki, Mr. Takenaka, W. Turnbull, G. Van Vliet, T. Wahl, R. Widrig, K. Wohl, L.-L. Wu, and D. Yu. We thank R. Browning, J. Choi, Z.-J. Ma, P. Tomkovich, and N. Warnock for sharing information and insights. J. Terenzi worked his magic with ArcGIS, D. Bystrak provided data from the USGS Bird Banding Laboratory, and P. Unitt made available historic references. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. We thank L. Tibbitts, R. Lanctot, J. Pearce, T. Piersma, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 37 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2013 VL 115 IS 3 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1525/cond.2013.120127 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 213TH UT WOS:000324082600009 ER PT J AU Ramey, AM Spackman, E Yeh, JY Fujita, G Konishi, K Uchida, K Reed, JA Wicox, BR Brown, JD Stallknecht, DE AF Ramey, Andrew M. Spackman, Erica Yeh, Jung-Yong Fujita, Go Konishi, Kan Uchida, Kiyoshi Reed, John A. Wicox, Benjamin R. Brown, Justin D. Stallknecht, David E. TI Antibodies to H5 subtype avian influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled in Japan SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; West Nile virus ID MIGRATORY WATER BIRDS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; WILD DUCKS; SPRING MIGRATION; SOUTH-KOREA; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; POULTRY; OUTBREAKS; DISTRICT AB Blood samples from 105 northern pintails (Anas acuta) captured on Hokkaido, Japan were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV) to assess possible involvement of this species in the spread of economically important and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Antibodies to AIV were detected in 64 of 105 samples (61%). Of the 64 positives, 95% and 81% inhibited agglutination of two different H5 AIV antigens (H5N1 and H5N9), respectively. Antibodies to JEV and WNV were detected in five (5%) and none of the samples, respectively. Results provide evidence for prior exposure of migrating northern pintails to H5 AIV which could have implications for viral shedding and disease occurrence. Results also provide evidence for limited involvement of this species in the transmission and spread of flaviviruses during spring migration. C1 [Ramey, Andrew M.; Reed, John A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ramey, Andrew M.; Wicox, Benjamin R.; Brown, Justin D.; Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Spackman, Erica] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yeh, Jung-Yong] Anim Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspect Agcy, Anyang Si 430824, Gyeonggi Provin, South Korea. [Yeh, Jung-Yong] Univ Incheon, Div Life Sci, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, Inchon 406772, South Korea. [Fujita, Go] Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Konishi, Kan] Kutcharo Lake Waterfowl Observ, Esashi, Hokkaido 0985739, Japan. [Uchida, Kiyoshi] Inst Satoyama Nat Hist, Abiko, Chiba 2701153, Japan. RP Ramey, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX We are grateful to T. Hara and Y. Murayama for their assistance with captures and J. Pearce, T. DeGange, P. Bright, K. Briggs, and S. Gross of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for financial and administrative support. We thank J. Hupp (USGS) for providing Fig. 1. We appreciate reviews provided by J. Pearce, A. Reeves (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU HOKKAIDO UNIV PI SAPPORO PA ED COMMITTEE JAPANESE JOURNAL VETERINARY RES, GRAD SCH VET MED, KITA 18 NISHI 9 KITAKU, SAPPORO, 060-0818, JAPAN SN 0047-1917 J9 JPN J VET RES JI Jpn. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 61 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 218RN UT WOS:000324450200003 PM 24059097 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Moore, CT Armstrong, DP AF Converse, Sarah J. Moore, Clinton T. Armstrong, Doug P. TI Demographics of Reintroduced Populations: Estimation, Modeling, and Decision Analysis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE endangered species; management alternatives; objectives; population modeling; population viability analysis; structured decision making; translocation ID OPTIMAL TRANSLOCATION STRATEGIES; PERSIAN FALLOW DEER; BEAVER CASTOR-FIBER; ENDANGERED SPECIES MANAGEMENT; ZEALAND ROBIN POPULATION; FOOTED FERRET RECOVERY; BOAR SUS-SCROFA; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WILD BOAR AB Reintroduction can be necessary for recovering populations of threatened species. However, the success of reintroduction efforts has been poorer than many biologists and managers would hope. To increase the benefits gained from reintroduction, management decision making should be couched within formal decision-analytic frameworks. Decision analysis is a structured process for informing decision making that recognizes that all decisions have a set of componentsobjectives, alternative management actions, predictive models, and optimization methodsthat can be decomposed, analyzed, and recomposed to facilitate optimal, transparent decisions. Because the outcome of interest in reintroduction efforts is typically population viability or related metrics, models used in decision analysis efforts for reintroductions will need to include population models. In this special section of the Journal of Wildlife Management, we highlight examples of the construction and use of models for informing management decisions in reintroduced populations. In this introductory contribution, we review concepts in decision analysis, population modeling for analysis of decisions in reintroduction settings, and future directions. Increased use of formal decision analysis, including adaptive management, has great potential to inform reintroduction efforts. Adopting these practices will require close collaboration among managers, decision analysts, population modelers, and field biologists. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Armstrong, Doug P.] Massey Univ, Wildlife Ecol Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 NR 134 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1093 DI 10.1002/jwmg.590 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Weiser, E Jamieson, I Hatfield, JS AF Reynolds, Michelle H. Weiser, Emily Jamieson, Ian Hatfield, Jeff S. TI Demographic Variation, Reintroduction, and Persistence of an Island Duck (Anas laysanensis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allele retention; Anas laysanensis; demography; Gompertz model; Laysan teal; reintroduction biology; translocation; viable population monitoring ID ASSESS MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TEAL; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; PROGRAM; BIOLOGY; ERROR; TIME AB Population variation in life history can be important for predicting successful establishment and persistence of reintroduced populations of endangered species. The Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis) is an endangered bird native to the Hawaiian Archipelago that was extirpated from most islands after the introduction of mammalian predators. Laysan ducks were restricted to a single remote island, Laysan Island (4.1km(2)), for nearly 150 years. Since the species is not known to disperse between distant Hawaiian Islands today, 42 wild birds from Laysan Island were translocated to another mammalian predator-free low-lying atoll (Midway Atoll; 6.0km(2)) to reduce extinction risk. We explored how variation in demography influences establishment and longer-term retention of genetic diversity (rare alleles) for reintroductions of this species. We observed dramatic differences in population growth between the source (=1.18) and reintroduced (=3.28) population. The number of eggs hatched at Midway Atoll was greater than at Laysan Island, however, we found no difference in hatching success (proportion of clutch hatched) between populations. Adult females produced 3 times as many fledglings per breeding year on Midway Atoll compared to Laysan Island. We estimated population abundance of both populations until 2010 and applied a Gompertz model with a Bayesian approach to infer density dependence, process variation, observation error, and carrying capacity for the Laysan Island and Midway Atoll populations. The carrying capacity from the Gompertz model for Midway Atoll (K=883 +/- 210 SD) was estimated to be greater than that of Laysan Island (K=598 +/- 76 SD). Translocations with small numbers of founders and no immigration can create population bottlenecks, leading to loss of genetic variation over time, and potentially reducing the reintroduced population's viability or its potential to serve as a source for future translocations. Therefore, we also assessed the probability of retaining rare alleles in an isolated reintroduced Laysan duck population using life history parameters observed from the Laysan Island and Midway Atoll populations; we concluded that additional founders are needed under scenarios using demographic estimates from both Laysan Island and Midway Atoll to retain either 90% or 95% of source population genetic diversity. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Reynolds, Michelle H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Weiser, Emily; Jamieson, Ian] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mreynolds@usgs.gov OI Weiser, Emily/0000-0003-1598-659X FU USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; USFWS Pacific Island Office Ecological Services FX This research was made possible by funding from USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, and Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and USFWS Pacific Island Office Ecological Services, and dedicated fieldwork by J. Klavitter, M. Vekasy, L. Laniawe, G. Schubert, and others. We thank radio trackers including L. Baldwin, J. H. Breeden Jr., B. Castler, P. Hart, K. Kozar, C. Malachowski, N. Seavy, and R. Woodward. We thank USFWS refuge staff J. Leinecke, B. Christenson, C. Rehkemper, D. Palawalski, M. Brown, B. Steiglitz, and M. Johnson. K. Brinck, K. Courtot, and S. Nash contributed to improving an earlier version of this manuscript. K. Courtot also helped with formatting and data summary and K. Brinck updated our juvenile survival model. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1094 EP 1103 DI 10.1002/jwmg.582 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800002 ER PT J AU Collazo, JA Fackler, PL Pacifici, K White, TH Llerandi-Roman, I Dinsmore, SJ AF Collazo, Jaime A. Fackler, Paul L. Pacifici, Krishna White, Thomas H., Jr. Llerandi-Roman, Ivan Dinsmore, Stephen J. TI Optimal Allocation of Captive-Reared Puerto Rican Parrots: Decisions When Divergent Dynamics Characterize Managed Populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allocation; captive-reared birds; conservation; costs; optimization; population growth; Puerto Rican Parrot; recurrent decisions; reintroduction ID SURVIVAL; BIOLOGY AB Reintroduction programs often face the challenge of sustaining multiple populations, each with unique demographic rates. Decision makers must determine how to allocate a finite number of captive-reared animals among these populations to achieve the fundamental objective of the program. We explored the optimal allocation of captive-reared Puerto Rican parrots (Amazona vittata) to 3 distinct populations: a struggling relict (population 1), a successfully reintroduced population (population 2), and a potential (new) population (population 3). We illustrate decision tradeoffs using 4 hypothetical scenarios of demographic performance created using the parrot literature and expert opinion and find the optimal decision by formulating the problem as a Markov decision process. Across all scenarios, our analysis favored releasing parrots into population 2 first when population sizes were small, followed by releases into population 3, and subsequently to population 1. The point in the decision space at which these transitions occurred was a function of location demographic rates. Releasing parrots in a location harboring an extant population versus a location that does not is advisable if differences in environmental conditions that promote population growth between locations are small. If management actions cannot ameliorate limiting factors in a location, decisions will favor translocations from such locations and allocations to locations where growth is more likely. When the cost of conducting a release is considered, managers should occasionally postpone releases to avoid these costs. This is optimal whenever the weighted contribution of the additional parrots to the sum of the discounted additional expected future population levels is less than the size of the fixed costs. This was most often the case for population 1 as costs increased. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, David Clark Labs 225, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fackler, Paul L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pacifici, Krishna] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Field Off, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Llerandi-Roman, Ivan] Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Wildlife Div, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Dinsmore, Stephen J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, David Clark Labs 225, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jaime_collazo@ncsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [NC0228] FX We thank the United States Fish and Wildlife and Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources for supporting exploratory work on decision analysis, structured decision making, and adaptive management, and for providing access to information and data on the Puerto Rican parrot. P. L. Fackler's contribution to this paper was supported in part from United States Department of Agriculture Hatch Project NC0228. Any use of trade, product, or firms names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1134 DI 10.1002/jwmg.569 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800005 ER PT J AU Runge, MC AF Runge, Michael C. TI Active Adaptive Management for Reintroduction of an Animal Population SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE active adaptive management; belief Markov decision process; griffon vulture; Gyps fulvus; reintroduction; stochastic dynamic programming ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION; FRAMEWORK; RECOVERY; ADULTS; MODEL; YOUNG AB Captive animals are frequently reintroduced to the wild in the face of uncertainty, but that uncertainty can often be reduced over the course of the reintroduction effort, providing the opportunity for adaptive management. One common uncertainty in reintroductions is the short-term survival rate of released adults (a release cost), an important factor because it can affect whether releasing adults or juveniles is better. Information about this rate can improve the success of the reintroduction program, but does the expected gain offset the costs of obtaining the information? I explored this question for reintroduction of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) by framing the management question as a belief Markov decision process, characterizing uncertainty about release cost with 2 information state variables, and finding the solution using stochastic dynamic programming. For a reintroduction program of fixed length (e.g., 5 years of releases), the optimal policy in the final release year resembles the deterministic solution: release either all adults or all juveniles depending on whether the point estimate for the survival rate in question is above or below a specific threshold. But the optimal policy in the earlier release years 1) includes release of a mixture of juveniles and adults under some circumstances, and 2) recommends release of adults even when the point estimate of survival is much less than the deterministic threshold. These results show that in an iterated decision setting, the optimal decision in early years can be quite different from that in later years because of the value of learning. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Runge, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mrunge@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU United States Geological Service Patuxent Wildlife Research Center [VGS003] FX I am grateful to C. E. Hauser, F. A. Johnson, M. A. McCarthy, J. D. Nichols, H. P. Possingham, and F. Sarrazin for insightful comments in the development of this work, and to E. McDonald-Madden and I. Chades for making me understand the connection between active adaptive management, belief MDPs, and POMDP. This is contribution VGS003 from the United States Geological Service Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, which supported this work. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1002/jwmg.571 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800006 ER PT J AU Converse, SJ Moore, CT Folk, MJ Runge, MC AF Converse, Sarah J. Moore, Clinton T. Folk, Martin J. Runge, Michael C. TI A Matter of Tradeoffs: Reintroduction as a Multiple Objective Decision SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; expert elicitation; Florida; Grus americana; model weights; population modeling; structured decision making; whooping cranes ID TRANSLOCATION; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY AB Decision making in guidance of reintroduction efforts is made challenging by the substantial scientific uncertainty typically involved. However, a less recognized challenge is that the management objectives are often numerous and complex. Decision makers managing reintroduction efforts are often concerned with more than just how to maximize the probability of reintroduction success from a population perspective. Decision makers are also weighing other concerns such as budget limitations, public support and/or opposition, impacts on the ecosystem, and the need to consider not just a single reintroduction effort, but conservation of the entire species. Multiple objective decision analysis is a powerful tool for formal analysis of such complex decisions. We demonstrate the use of multiple objective decision analysis in the case of the Florida non-migratory whooping crane reintroduction effort. In this case, the State of Florida was considering whether to resume releases of captive-reared crane chicks into the non-migratory whooping crane population in that state. Management objectives under consideration included maximizing the probability of successful population establishment, minimizing costs, maximizing public relations benefits, maximizing the number of birds available for alternative reintroduction efforts, and maximizing learning about the demographic patterns of reintroduced whooping cranes. The State of Florida engaged in a collaborative process with their management partners, first, to evaluate and characterize important uncertainties about system behavior, and next, to formally evaluate the tradeoffs between objectives using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). The recommendation resulting from this process, to continue releases of cranes at a moderate intensity, was adopted by the State of Florida in late 2008. Although continued releases did not receive support from the International Whooping Crane Recovery Team, this approach does provide a template for the formal, transparent consideration of multiple, potentially competing, objectives in reintroduction decision making. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Converse, Sarah J.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Folk, Martin J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Kissimmee, FL 34744 USA. RP Converse, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM sconverse@usgs.gov RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441 FU USFWS [401814-J-035]; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center FX Our deepest appreciation goes to members of the expert panel, including R. Boughton, B. Brooks, J. French, T. O'Meara, M. Putnam, J. Rodgers, and M. Spalding. We thank D. Miller and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft. We appreciate USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the USFWS for support in completing this work. Funding for this work was supported in part by the USFWS via Cooperative Agreement No. 401814-J-035 and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1156 DI 10.1002/jwmg.472 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800007 ER PT J AU Ely, CR Nieman, DJ Alisauskas, RT Schmutz, JA Hines, JE AF Ely, Craig R. Nieman, Daniel J. Alisauskas, Ray T. Schmutz, Joel A. Hines, James E. TI Geographic Variation in Migration Chronology and Winter Distribution of Midcontinent Greater White-Fronted Geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anser albifrons; Canada; Central Flyway; distribution; greater white-fronted goose; midcontinent; migration; Mississippi Flyway; winter ID ANSER-ALBIFRONS; NORTH-AMERICA; AVIAN CHOLERA; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; FIDELITY AB We evaluated spatial and temporal differences in migratory behavior among different breeding groups of midcontinent greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) using band-recovery data and observations of neck collared geese during migration and winter. Birds from different breeding areas were initially delineated by geographic distance into 6 banding reference areas (BRAs): 1) interior Alaska, 2) North Slope of Alaska, 3) western Northwest Territories (NWT), 4) western Nunavut, 5) central Nunavut, and 6) eastern Nunavut. The banding groups also differed by breeding habitat, with geese from interior Alaska nesting in the boreal forest (taiga), and all other groups breeding in tundra habitats. Geese from interior Alaska migrated earlier during autumn, and were more likely to winter farther south (in Mexico) than geese from other breeding areas. Geese banded in central and eastern Nunavut (Queen Maud Gulf and Inglis River) wintered farther east (in Louisiana) than geese from other breeding areas. Small-scale (within-state) geographic segregation of wintering flocks was evidenced by the recent (post-1990) nearly exclusive use of a new wintering area in north central Texas by geese from interior Alaska. Segregation among BRAs was also apparent in Mexico, where taiga geese were found predominantly in the central Highlands (states of Zacatecas and Durango), whereas tundra geese mostly used states along the Gulf Coast (primarily Tamaulipas). Interior Alaska birds initiated spring migration earlier than geese from other areas, and were more likely than others to stop in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, a region where cholera outbreaks periodically kill thousands of geese. Geese from interior Alaska were the first to arrive at spring staging areas in prairie Canada where BRAs exhibited spatial delineation (a longitudinal cline) in relation to breeding areas. Our results show significant geographic and temporal variation among taiga and tundra breeding cohorts during autumn, winter, and spring. Temporal and spatial differences in migratory behavior may allow management practices that accommodate potential demographic differences between taiga and tundra populations. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Nieman, Daniel J.; Alisauskas, Ray T.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Conservat Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Hines, James E.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Conservat Branch, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada. RP Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cely@usgs.gov FU CWS; USFWS; Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Northwest Territories; Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada); Arctic Goose Joint Venture; State of Nebraska; Inuvialuit Final Agreement FX This was an extremely ambitious project that involved staff from many federal, provincial, and state agencies from Canada, the United States, and Mexico, as well a numerous volunteers. We acknowledge the efforts of the multitude of people who assisted with trapping and marking geese at northern breeding areas, and the army of state, provincial, and federal personnel who followed geese and diligently read collars during autumn, spring, and winter. We are grateful for the efforts of banders across Canada and Alaska, especially R. Bromley (Government of Northwest Territories), and R. Kerbes (Canadian Wildlife Service [CWS]), R. Oates, R. King, E. Mallek, and M. Spindler (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]). Coordinators and crews of observers participated throughout staging and wintering areas in North America; R. Kerbes (CWS) was especially helpful in organizing the observation effort, and K. Meeres (CWS) compiled the data and managed the database. Key observers (contributing > 1,000 observations) included K. Lamont, P. Pryor, R. Kerbes, M. Schwitters, N. Lyman, J. Mulhern, D. Boudreaux, K. Warner, G. Gentle, and J. Smith. The implementation and continuity of this work would not have been possible without the support of D. Caswell (CWS) and R. Leedy (USFWS). Observations in Mexico were coordinated by G. Quintana Martinez (Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua) and facilitated by Dr. H. Berlanga Garcia (Comision Nacional para el Concimiento y Uso de la Bioversidad, Gobierno Federal de Mexico), and S. Wendt (CWS). Funding and support for this project was provided by CWS, USFWS, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Northwest Territories, the Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada), the Arctic Goose Joint Venture, the State of Nebraska, and the Inuvialuit Final Agreement. We greatly appreciate J. Horne's (University of Idaho) considerations for presenting kernel home range estimates. Reviews by J. Fischer, M. Spindler, T. Moser, J. Dubovsky, M. Eicholz (associate editor), and 2 anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or company names is solely for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1182 EP 1191 DI 10.1002/jwmg.573 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800011 ER PT J AU Gogan, PJP Russell, RE Olexa, EM Podruzny, KM AF Gogan, Peter J. P. Russell, Robin E. Olexa, Edward M. Podruzny, Kevin M. TI Pregnancy Rates in Central Yellowstone Bison SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bison; Bison bison; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; Greater Yellowstone Area; reproduction ID NATIONAL-PARK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMERICAN BISON; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; QUANTITATIVE SEROLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LARGE HERBIVORES; BODY CONDITION; WOOD BISON; BRUCELLOSIS AB Plains bison (Bison b. bison) centered on Yellowstone National Park are chronically infected with brucellosis (Brucella abortus) and culled along the park boundaries to reduce the probability of disease transmission to domestic livestock. We evaluated the relationship between pregnancy rates and age, dressed carcass weight, and serological status for brucellosis among bison culled from the central Yellowstone subpopulation during the winters of 1996-1997, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003. A model with only dressed carcass weight was the best predictor of pregnancy status for all ages with the odds of pregnancy increasing by 1.03 (95% CI=1.02-1.04) for every 1-kg increase in weight. We found no effect of age or the serological status for brucellosis on pregnancy rates across age classes; however, we did find a positive association between age and pregnancy rates for bison 2 years old. Bison 2 years old had an overall pregnancy rate of 65% with markedly different rates in alternate ages for animals between 3 and 7 years old. Pregnancy rates were 0.50 (95% CI=0.31-0.69) for brucellosis positive and 0.57 (95% CI=0.34-0.78) for brucellosis negative 2- and 3-year-olds and 0.74 (95% CI=0.60-0.85) in brucellosis positive and 0.69 (95% CI=0.49-0.85) in brucellosis negative bison 4 years old. Only 1 of 21 bison <2 years old was pregnant. Our findings are important to accurately predict the effects of brucellosis on Yellowstone bison population dynamics. We review our results relative to other studies of Yellowstone bison that concluded serological status for brucellosis influences pregnancy rates. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Gogan, Peter J. P.; Olexa, Edward M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Russell, Robin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Podruzny, Kevin M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Gogan, PJP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM peter_gogan@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU National Biological Survey and the Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey FX We are grateful to A. Gertonson and T. Linfield (former Montana State Veterinarians) for permission to collect samples from culled Yellowstone bison. W. Layton permitted use of the facilities at the Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, and he and his staff provided a great deal of assistance. Montana Department of Livestock employees D. Corbet and K. Fogel facilitated collection of specimens at the abattoirs. L. Bacon, L. Barecz, M. Biel, D. Christianson, C. Hendrix, M. Lamoreux, D. Poinsette, J. Schomburg, and S. Wallace participated in sampling bison. We are grateful to D. Fenn (former Director of the National Biological Survey and the Biological Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey) for providing funding for this study through a special allocation. J. A. Mack, W. Brewster, and other staff of the Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, provided critical support. We thank D. Walsh for review of an earlier version of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1279 DI 10.1002/jwmg.558 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800020 ER PT J AU Rich, LN Russell, RE Glenn, EM Mitchell, MS Gude, JA Podruzny, KM Sime, CA Laudon, K Ausband, DE Nichols, JD AF Rich, Lindsey N. Russell, Robin E. Glenn, Elizabeth M. Mitchell, Michael S. Gude, Justin A. Podruzny, Kevin M. Sime, Carolyn A. Laudon, Kent Ausband, David E. Nichols, James D. TI Estimating Occupancy and Predicting Numbers of Gray Wolf Packs in Montana Using Hunter Surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; carnivores; gray wolf; monitoring; northern Rocky Mountains; occupancy; public sightings ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; WOLVES; HABITAT; DENSITY; MINNESOTA; ABUNDANCE AB Reliable knowledge of the status and trend of carnivore populations is critical to their conservation and management. Methods for monitoring carnivores, however, are challenging to conduct across large spatial scales. In the Northern Rocky Mountains, wildlife managers need a time- and cost-efficient method for monitoring gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) conducts annual telephone surveys of >50,000 deer and elk hunters. We explored how survey data on hunters' sightings of wolves could be used to estimate the occupancy and distribution of wolf packs and predict their abundance in Montana for 2007-2009. We assessed model utility by comparing our predictions to MFWP minimum known number of wolf packs. We minimized false positive detections by identifying a patch as occupied if 2-25 wolves were detected by 3 hunters. Overall, estimates of the occupancy and distribution of wolf packs were generally consistent with known distributions. Our predictions of the total area occupied increased from 2007 to 2009 and predicted numbers of wolf packs were approximately 1.34-1.46 times the MFWP minimum counts for each year of the survey. Our results indicate that multi-season occupancy models based on public sightings can be used to monitor populations and changes in the spatial distribution of territorial carnivores across large areas where alternative methods may be limited by personnel, time, accessibility, and budget constraints. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Rich, Lindsey N.; Glenn, Elizabeth M.; Ausband, David E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Russell, Robin E.; Mitchell, Michael S.; Gude, Justin A.; Podruzny, Kevin M.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Sime, Carolyn A.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Laudon, Kent] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rich, LN (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM lindseyrich83@gmail.com OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; University of Montana FX Funding was provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the University of Montana. We thank K. Wash and J. Dykstra who helped design and implement the hunter surveys and the 50 Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks interviewers per year who conducted the annual telephone surveys of deer and elk hunters. L. Bradley, N. Lance, M. Ross, and A. Nelson provided valuable insights that improved this manuscript and J. Hollenbeck provided assistance for conducting bootstrap simulations. We also thank D. Pletscher, M. Hebblewhite, A. Royle, D. Miller, and G. Sargeant for constructive comments. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1280 EP 1289 DI 10.1002/jwmg.562 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 187NC UT WOS:000322124800021 ER PT J AU White, AB Anderson, ML Dettinger, MD Ralph, FM Hinojosa, A Cayan, DR Hartman, RK Reynolds, DW Johnson, LE Schneider, TL Cifelli, R Toth, Z Gutman, SI King, CW Gehrke, F Johnston, PE Walls, C Mann, D Gottas, DJ Coleman, T AF White, A. B. Anderson, M. L. Dettinger, M. D. Ralph, F. M. Hinojosa, A. Cayan, D. R. Hartman, R. K. Reynolds, D. W. Johnson, L. E. Schneider, T. L. Cifelli, R. Toth, Z. Gutman, S. I. King, C. W. Gehrke, F. Johnston, P. E. Walls, C. Mann, D. Gottas, D. J. Coleman, T. TI A Twenty-First-Century California Observing Network for Monitoring Extreme Weather Events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flood events; Hydrology; Radars; Radar observations; Surface observations; Wind profilers; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; GPS METEOROLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-COAST; CALJET; RAINFALL; RADAR; WATER; IMPACT AB During Northern Hemisphere winters, the West Coast of North America is battered by extratropical storms. The impact of these storms is of paramount concern to California, where aging water supply and flood protection infrastructures are challenged by increased standards for urban flood protection, an unusually variable weather regime, and projections of climate change. Additionally, there are inherent conflicts between releasing water to provide flood protection and storing water to meet requirements for the water supply, water quality, hydropower generation, water temperature and flow for at-risk species, and recreation. To improve reservoir management and meet the increasing demands on water, improved forecasts of precipitation, especially during extreme events, are required. Here, the authors describe how California is addressing their most important and costliest environmental issue-water management-in part, by installing a state-of-the-art observing system to better track the area's most severe wintertime storms. C1 [White, A. B.; Ralph, F. M.; Reynolds, D. W.; Johnson, L. E.; Cifelli, R.; Toth, Z.; Gutman, S. I.; King, C. W.; Johnston, P. E.; Gottas, D. J.; Coleman, T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, M. L.; Hinojosa, A.; Gehrke, F.] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hartman, R. K.] NOAA, Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Reynolds, D. W.; Johnston, P. E.; Coleman, T.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnson, L. E.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schneider, T. L.] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Boulder, CO USA. [Walls, C.; Mann, D.] UNAVCO Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; Schneider, Timothy/D-2832-2015; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1585 EP 1603 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00217.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207XM UT WOS:000323638000001 ER PT J AU Fortin, JK Ware, JV Jansen, HT Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT AF Fortin, Jennifer K. Ware, Jasmine V. Jansen, Heiko T. Schwartz, Charles C. Robbins, Charles T. TI Temporal niche switching by grizzly bears but not American black bears in Yellowstone National Park SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; American black bear; brown bear; grizzly bear; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; Yellowstone National Park ID EXPERIMENTALLY INTRODUCED TOURISM; DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; FOOD; ECOSYSTEM; ORGANIZATION; CONSEQUENCES AB Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) have been reported as either nocturnal or diurnal in various studies, but have not been known to switch between the 2 times unless disturbed by humans. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are almost solely diurnal in studies unless human influences occur. Because human disturbance is often difficult to control, the relative temporal niche of both species remains ill-defined. Thus, the present study examined bears in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) where hunting does not occur, human activities are relatively benign, and bear species are sympatic to determine if niche occupancy was a stable feature of the species. Onset of activity was anticipatory of both sunrise or morning civil twilight (illumination sufficient for human vision) for individuals of either species. The peak hour of activity in black bears was consistently midday, but fluctuated in grizzly bears from midday during early spring, late summer, and fall to evening during late spring and early summer. Black bears did not temporally avoid the times when the more dominant grizzly bears were active. Mean activity levels were higher for male black bears than for both male and female grizzly bears. Together, results suggest that the foraging needs of black bears necessitate ingestion of less-digestible, lower-quality foods requiring longer foraging time during daytime hours, whereas grizzly bears adapt their diet to seasonally available food sources, necessitating greater temporal flexibility. C1 [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ware, Jasmine V.; Jansen, Heiko T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fortin, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jfortin@wsu.edu FU United States Geological Survey Biological Resource Discipline Research (Natural Resources Preservation Program); United States Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team; Bear Center Washington State University; Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park FX Funding for this project was provided by United States Geological Survey Biological Resource Discipline Research (Natural Resources Preservation Program), United States Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bear Center Washington State University, and Bear Management Office of the Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park. Personnel support was provided by Bear Management Office, the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, and Washington State University. We thank C. Whitman, C. Dickensen, J. Ball, G. Rasmussen, and S. Thompson for their trapping effort and T. Coleman, S. Ard, M. Haroldson, K. West, S. Podruzny, G. Monroe, T. Rosen, J. Erlenbach, K. Quinton, C. Rumble, G. Wilson, R. Mowry, C. Wickhem, B. Fitzpatrick, S. McKenzie, P. Cross, N. Counsell, and K. Miller for help with sample collection. We also thank the many national park rangers who assisted us in many ways, from occasional transportation to monitoring our safety. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 78 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 833 EP 844 DI 10.1644/12-MAMM-A-238.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206OS UT WOS:000323532600010 ER PT J AU Sargis, EJ Woodman, N Morningstar, NC Reese, AT Olson, LE AF Sargis, Eric J. Woodman, Neal Morningstar, Natalie C. Reese, Aspen T. Olson, Link E. TI Morphological distinctiveness of Javan Tupaia hypochrysa (Scandentia, Tupaiidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE cranium; digits; hand; mandible; manus; postcranium; rays; skeleton; skull; treeshrews ID TREE SHREWS; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; TREESHREWS MAMMALIA; SORICIDAE; BOUNDARIES; HIGHLANDS; GUATEMALA; CRYPTOTIS; SKULL AB The common treeshrew, Tupaia glis, represents a species complex with a complicated taxonomic history. It is distributed mostly south of the Isthmus of Kra on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands. In our recent revision of a portion of this species complex, we did not fully assess the population from Java (T. "glis" hypochrysa) because of our limited sample. Herein, we revisit this taxon using multivariate analyses in comparisons with T. glis, T. chrysogaster of the Mentawai Islands, and T. ferruginea from Sumatra. Analyses of both the manus and skull of Javan T. "glis" hypochrysa show it to be most similar to T. chrysogaster and distinct from both T. glis and T. ferruginea. Yet, the Javan population and T. chrysogaster have different mammae counts, supporting recognition of T. hypochrysa as a distinct species. The change in taxonomic status of T. hypochrysa has conservation implications for both T. glis and this Javan endemic. C1 [Sargis, Eric J.; Morningstar, Natalie C.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sargis, Eric J.; Reese, Aspen T.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sargis, Eric J.; Reese, Aspen T.] Yale Peabody Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Olson, Link E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sargis, EJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, POB 208277, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.sargis@yale.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542532/0542725]; Alaska EPSCoR grant; United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History Summer Internship Program FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0542532/0542725 and an Alaska EPSCoR grant to EJS and LEO. Additional support was provided to NW from the United States Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and to NCM from the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History Summer Internship Program. We thank the following curators, collection managers, and museums for access to the specimens in their collections: E. Westwig, D. Lunde, and R. Voss, AMNH, New York; R. Portela-Miguez, L. Tomsett, and P. Jenkins, BMNH, London; B. Stanley and L. Heaney, Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Chicago; J. Dines, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles (LACM); J. Chupasko and M. Omura, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ), Cambridge, Massachusetts; C. Conroy and J. Patton, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at University of California, Berkeley (MVZ); R. Winkler, Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NMB); B. Herzig, A. Bibl, A. Gamauf, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (NMW); H. van Grouw, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden (RMNH); L. Gordon, R. Thorington, K. Helgen, and D. Lunde, USNM, Washington, DC; R. Angermann and F. Mayer, Museum fur Naturkunde (ZMB), Berlin; and M. Anderson, Zoologisk Museum University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). We are grateful to S. Raredon, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, USNM, for assistance with the digital X-ray system, and to R. Portela-Miguez, Department of Zoology, BMNH, for providing X-rays of the 2 BMNH T. hypochrysa specimens. We thank E. Meijaard and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 938 EP 947 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-042.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206OS UT WOS:000323532600018 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW AF Griffin, Dale Warren TI The Quest for Extraterrestrial Life: What About the Viruses? SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astrobiology; Microbiology; Origin of life; Pathogens; Virus ID CLASSICAL SWINE-FEVER; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PROPHAGE INDUCTION; PLANT-VIRUSES; SHIGA TOXIN; SEA-ICE; WATER AB Recently, viruses have been recognized as the most numerous entities and the primary drivers of evolution on Earth. Historically, viruses have been mostly ignored in the field of astrobiology due to the view that they are not alive in the classical sense and if encountered would not present risk due to their host-specific nature. What we currently know of viruses is that we are most likely to encounter them on other life-bearing planets; that while some are exquisitely host-specific, many viruses can utilize hundreds of different host species; that viruses are known to exist in our planet's most extreme environments; and that while many do not survive long outside their hosts, some can survive for extended periods, especially in the cold. In our quest for extraterrestrial life, we should be looking for viruses; and while any encountered may pose no risk, the possibility of an encounter with a virus capable of accessing multiple cell types exists, and any prospective contact with such an organism should be treated accordingly. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 60 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 774 EP 783 DI 10.1089/ast.2012.0959 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 202IG UT WOS:000323206900006 PM 23944293 ER PT J AU White, TH Collar, NJ Moorhouse, RJ Sanz, V Stolen, ED Brightsmith, DJ AF White, Thomas H., Jr. Collar, Nigel J. Moorhouse, Ron J. Sanz, Virginia Stolen, Eric D. Brightsmith, Donald J. TI Psittacine reintroductions and IUCN Guidelines - Response to Seddon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 [White, Thomas H., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. [Collar, Nigel J.] BirdLifeInternational, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Moorhouse, Ron J.] Dept Conservat, Kakapo Programme, Nelson, New Zealand. [Sanz, Virginia] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas, Venezuela. [Stolen, Eric D.] Ecol Programs, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Brightsmith, Donald J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Schubot Exot Bird Hlth Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP White, TH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745 USA. EM thomas_white@fws.gov OI Brightsmith, Donald/0000-0002-3306-6490 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 164 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.013 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 200RO UT WOS:000323086800020 ER PT J AU Stahle, DW Griffin, RD Meko, DM Therrell, MD Edmondson, JR Cleaveland, MK Stahle, LN Burnette, DJ Abatzoglou, JT Redmond, KT Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR AF Stahle, D. W. Griffin, R. D. Meko, D. M. Therrell, M. D. Edmondson, J. R. Cleaveland, M. K. Stahle, L. N. Burnette, D. J. Abatzoglou, J. T. Redmond, K. T. Dettinger, M. D. Cayan, D. R. TI The Ancient Blue Oak Woodlands of California: Longevity and Hydroclimatic History SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Ancient blue oak woodland; Quercus douglasii; Tree-ring analysis; Winter precipitation; Atmospheric rivers; San Francisco Bay salinity ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; QUERCUS-DOUGLASII; RECONSTRUCTIONS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ESTUARY; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; GROWTH; RINGS AB Ancient blue oak trees are still widespread across the foothills of the Coast Ranges, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada in California. The most extensive tracts of intact old-growth blue oak woodland appear to survive on rugged and remote terrain in the southern Coast Ranges and on the foothills west and southwest of Mt. Lassen. In the authors' sampling of old-growth stands, most blue oak appear to have recruited to the canopy in the middle to late nineteenth century. The oldest living blue oak tree sampled was over 459 years old, and several dead blue oak logs had over 500 annual rings. Precipitation sensitive tree-ring chronologies up to 700 years long have been developed from old blue oak trees and logs. Annual ring-width chronologies of blue oak are strongly correlated with cool season precipitation totals, streamflow in the major rivers of California, and the estuarine water quality of San Francisco Bay. A new network of 36 blue oak chronologies records spatial anomalies in growth that arise from latitudinal changes in the mean storm track and location of land-falling atmospheric rivers. These long, climate-sensitive blue oak chronologies have been used to reconstruct hydroclimatic history in California and will help to better understand and manage water resources. The environmental history embedded in blue oak growth chronologies may help justify efforts to conserve these authentic old-growth native woodlands. C1 [Stahle, D. W.; Edmondson, J. R.; Cleaveland, M. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Griffin, R. D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog, Tucson, AZ USA. [Meko, D. M.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Therrell, M. D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Stahle, L. N.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Burnette, D. J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Abatzoglou, J. T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Redmond, K. T.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Stahle, DW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Ozark Hall 216, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dstahle@uark.edu RI Therrell, Matthew/N-8487-2016; OI Therrell, Matthew/0000-0002-9174-6005; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750 FU CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP02-P30]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0753399]; U.S. Geological Survey FX Research was supported by the CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program (Grant ERP02-P30), the National Science Foundation (ATM-0753399), and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank the private landowners for permission to study their blue oak woodlands and California state parks, the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, University of California Natural Reserve System, Turlock Irrigation District, the Nature Conservancy, the Wildlands Conservancy, and Wind Wolves Preserve. We also thank the following individuals for assistance and advice during this project: Ken Range, Carol Casey, Mary Moore, Peter Hujik, Kathryn Purcell, Walt Koenig, Mark Sturmburg, Dave Jigour, Dennis Sanfilippo, Pete Lucero, Tracy Brown, Jere Costello, Ken Murray, Henry Laussen, Lane and John Davis, Margorie Murphy, Jim Trumbly, Tom Leatherman, Steve Hill, Melody Fountain, Bob Stone, Mr. Sinten, Justin Pollan, Heather Fields, Mark Borchert, and Noah Knowles. Two anonymous reviewers made several constructive suggestions that helped to improve this manuscript. All instrumental, tree-ring, and reconstructed data included in this study are available online (http://www.uark.edu/dendro/Blue_Oak_Data.xls). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 17 AR 12 DI 10.1175/2013EI000518.1 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 203DI UT WOS:000323270100001 ER PT J AU Grant, GE Tague, CL Allen, CD AF Grant, Gordon E. Tague, Christina L. Allen, Craig D. TI Watering the forest for the trees: an emerging priority for managing water in forest landscapes SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; VEGETATION; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; EUROPE; CARBON; YIELD AB Widespread threats to forests resulting from drought stress are prompting a re-evaluation of priorities for water management on forest lands. In contrast to the widely held view that forest management should emphasize providing water for downstream uses, we argue that maintaining forest health in the context of a changing climate may require focusing on the forests themselves and on strategies to reduce their vulnerability to increasing water stress. Management strategies would need to be tailored to specific landscapes but could include thinning, planting and selecting for drought-tolerant species, irrigating, and making more water available to plants for transpiration. Hydrologic modeling reveals that specific management actions could reduce tree mortality due to drought stress. Adopting water conservation for vegetation as a priority for managing water on forested lands would represent a fundamental change in perspective and potentially involve trade-offs with other downstream uses of water. C1 [Grant, Gordon E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Tague, Christina L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mountains Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Grant, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. EM ggrant@fs.fed.us FU USDA USFS; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Ecosystems and the Climate and Land Use programs of the US Geological Survey (through the Western Mountain Initiative) FX We thank S Lewis for help with all phases of manuscript preparation and revision. Support was provided by the USDA USFS, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Ecosystems and the Climate and Land Use programs of the US Geological Survey (through the Western Mountain Initiative). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 11 IS 6 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1890/120209 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202VT UT WOS:000323249100014 ER PT J AU Sahu, P Michael, HA Voss, CI Sikdar, PK AF Sahu, Paulami Michael, Holly A. Voss, Clifford I. Sikdar, Pradip K. TI Impacts on groundwater recharge areas of megacity pumping: analysis of potential contamination of Kolkata, India, water supply SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE Bengal Basin; East Kolkata Wetlands; Kolkata City; urban groundwater contamination; groundwater modelling; hydraulic head; recharge area; pumping impacts; sustainable management ID ARSENIC CONTAMINATION; INDUSTRIAL-POLLUTION; RESIDENTIAL AREA; BENGAL BASIN; WEST-BENGAL; BANGLADESH; AQUIFER; HYDROLOGY; CALCUTTA; SCALE AB Water supply to the world's megacities is a problem of quantity and quality that will be a priority in the coming decades. Heavy pumping of groundwater beneath these urban centres, particularly in regions with low natural topographic gradients, such as deltas and floodplains, can fundamentally alter the hydrological system. These changes affect recharge area locations, which may shift closer to the city centre than before development, thereby increasing the potential for contamination. Hydrogeological simulation analysis allows evaluation of the impact on past, present and future pumping for the region of Kolkata, India, on recharge area locations in an aquifer that supplies water to over 13 million people. Relocated recharge areas are compared with known surface contamination sources, with a focus on sustainable management of this urban groundwater resource. The study highlights the impacts of pumping on water sources for long-term development of stressed city aquifers and for future water supply in deltaic and floodplain regions of the world. C1 [Sahu, Paulami; Sikdar, Pradip K.] Indian Inst Social Welf & Business Management, Dept Environm Management, Kolkata 700073, India. [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sahu, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Social Welf & Business Management, Dept Environm Management, Kolkata 700073, India. EM paulamisahu@yahoo.com RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India FX The first author is thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for their financial assistance in carrying out the research work. The first and fourth authors also convey thanks to the Director, IISWBM for providing necessary infrastructure and encouragement for the research work. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1340 EP 1360 DI 10.1080/02626667.2013.813946 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 202TJ UT WOS:000323242200009 ER PT J AU Weiss, DJ Harris, C Maher, K Bullen, T AF Weiss, Dominik J. Harris, Caroline Maher, Kate Bullen, Thomas TI A Teaching Exercise To Introduce Stable Isotope Fractionation of Metals into Geochemistry Courses SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Graduate Education/Research; Upper-Division Undergraduate; Environmental Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry; Physical Chemistry; Calculator-Based Learning; Geochemistry; Aqueous Solution Chemistry; Isotopes; Metals ID CHROMIUM AB Variations in the isotopic composition of elements have been widely used to study earth's climate, biosphere, and interior, and more recently to track the fate of contaminants. Within the broad range of elements that exhibit measureable isotopic variations, metal stable isotopes are increasingly applied across the biological, geological, environmental, and chemical sciences. Mass spectrometry and the isotope (geo-) chemistry of metals, often termed non-traditional stable isotopes, are not yet regularly taught in university courses. However, their growing importance in the natural sciences is reflected in the increasing number of research papers published. We present here a novel teaching exercise that can be incorporated into a curriculum where the stable isotope (geo-), chemistry of more traditional stable isotope systems (e.g., C, H, N, O, S) or inorganic mass spectrometry is taught. The exercise first introduces the basics of metal stable isotope fractionation. Next, the students use scientific papers to develop spreadsheets that enable them to program equations, to test isotope fractionation models, and to interpret environmental processes. C1 [Weiss, Dominik J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Weiss, Dominik J.; Harris, Caroline; Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bullen, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Weiss, DJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM d.weiss@imperial.ac.uk RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010; OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064; Weiss, Dominik/0000-0001-8074-9430 FU Stanford University FX This lecture and the spreadsheets were initially developed for a postgraduate short course on metal stable isotopes delivered at the University of Sao Paolo following the invitation of Manly Babinksi and Siomone Gioia in 2008. D.J.W. thanks Francis Albarede and Sylvain Pichat from the Ecole Normal Superieure Lyon, Mark Rehkamper, Tina van de Flierdt, Julie Prytulak, and Katharina Kreissig from the MAGIC laboratories at ICL and many colleagues and students for fruitful discussions on metal stable isotopes and feedback of the course. Special thank to Jan Cilliers and to Lorraine Craig for supporting the stable isotope research and teaching at Imperial College London and for Stanford University for the Cox Visiting Professor fellowship to D.J.W. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1014 EP 1017 DI 10.1021/ed300370d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 205RQ UT WOS:000323462900010 ER PT J AU Groves, PA Chandler, JA Alcorn, B Richter, TJ Connor, WP Garcia, AP Bradbury, SM AF Groves, Phillip A. Chandler, James A. Alcorn, Brad Richter, Tracy J. Connor, William P. Garcia, Aaron P. Bradbury, Steven M. TI Evaluating Salmon Spawning Habitat Capacity Using Redd Survey Data SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SNAKE RIVER; NEW-ZEALAND; COLUMBIA RIVER; BROWN TROUT; BULL TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS; COMPETITION; SELECTION AB Management and recovery goals for fish populations often rely on estimating the number of fish that can be supported by finite habitats. In the absence of direct measures of carrying capacity, management decisions are commonly informed by results of habitat models. However, the shortcomings and spatially explicit nature of most habitat models result in making assumptions, often preclude inclusion of important variables, and are rarely validated at the reach level. We analyze long-term, redd-count data for a population of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to evaluate spawning habitat capacity of a major river. Adult escapement generally increased during the years 1994-2012; consequently site use and total redd counts also increased. Together, the annual use of spawning sites and the redd counts (as functions of adult escapement) provided evidence for density-dependent changes in the availability and capacity of spawning sites. Redd counts exceeded one recovery criterion specific to one spawning aggregate of the population during 11years of our survey data, supporting the conclusion that adequate spawning habitat is available to attain a management goal set for this aggregate. C1 [Groves, Phillip A.; Chandler, James A.; Alcorn, Brad; Richter, Tracy J.] Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Connor, William P.; Garcia, Aaron P.; Bradbury, Steven M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Groves, PA (reprint author), Idaho Power Co, 1221 West Idaho St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM pgroves@idahopower.com FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900, 199801003] FX For almost two decades, Snake River basin fall Chinook Salmon research has been a highly cooperative venture involving an interagency and tribal team of scientists and managers. We thank our team members, especially those who have accumulated flight time. Bill Arnsberg, Jay Hesse, Yetta Jaeger, and several other anonymous reviewers improved this paper. Costs were covered by the Idaho Power Company and by the Bonneville Power Administration through projects 199102900 and 199801003 administered by D. Docherty. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.793628 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400004 ER PT J AU McCormick, JL Quist, MC Schill, DJ AF McCormick, Joshua L. Quist, Michael C. Schill, Daniel J. TI Self-Reporting Bias in Chinook Salmon Sport Fisheries in Idaho: Implications for Roving Creel Surveys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CATCH; HARVEST; ANGLERS; CENSUS; RATES; TIMES AB Self-reporting bias in sport fisheries of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Idaho was quantified by comparing observed and angler-reported data. A total of 164 observed anglers fished for 541h and caught 74 Chinook Salmon. Fifty-eight fish were harvested and 16 were released. Anglers reported fishing for 604h, an overestimate of 63h. Anglers reported catching 66 fish; four less harvested and four less released fish were reported than observed. A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that when angler-reported data were used, total catch was underestimated by 14-15 fish (19-20%) using the ratio-of-means estimator to calculate mean catch rate. Negative bias was reduced to six fish (8%) when the means-of-ratio estimator was used. Multiple linear regression models to predict reporting bias in time fished had poor predictive value. However, actual time fished and a categorical covariate indicating whether the angler fished continuously during their fishing trip were two variables that were present in all of the top a priori models evaluated. Underreporting of catch and overreporting of time fished by anglers present challenges when managing Chinook Salmon sport fisheries. However, confidence intervals were near target levels and using more liberal definitions of angling when estimating effort in creel surveys may decrease sensitivity to bias in angler-reported data. C1 [McCormick, Joshua L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Quist, Michael C.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Schill, Daniel J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP McCormick, JL (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 3406 Cherry Ave Northeast, Salem, OR 97303 USA. EM joshua.l.mccormick@state.or.us FU IDFG through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; University of Idaho; U.S. Geological Survey; IDFG; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank N. Porter, W. Field, J. Hansen, C. Smith, J. Walrath, C. Watkins, S. Whitlock, J. Yates, and IDFG creel clerks for assistance with data collection; IDFG management biologists with expertise on sampling locations; and F. Wilhelm, C. Williams, K. Pope, and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the IDFG through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. The Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the University of Idaho, U.S. Geological Survey, IDFG, and Wildlife Management Institute. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.808293 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400006 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Dalton, A MacVeigh, B Heaton, M Wilson, C Honeyfield, DC AF Fitzsimons, John D. Dalton, Alex MacVeigh, Brydon Heaton, Mark Wilson, Chris Honeyfield, Dale C. TI Use of Stable Isotopes to Identify Redds of Putative Hatchery and Wild Atlantic Salmon and Evaluate Their Spawning Habitat and Egg Thiamine Status in a Lake Ontario Tributary SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; BROWN TROUT; FRESH-WATER; ARCTIC CHARR; GREAT-LAKES; TRUTTA L.; FOOD-WEB; NEW-YORK; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS AB Both wild and hatchery Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar can contribute to restoration but can exhibit differences in spawning habitat selection (e.g., water depth, current speed) and egg nutritional quality (e.g., thiamine), which affect reproductive success. Hence, there is a need to be able to differentiate the spawning contribution of the two groups in the wild. As diets of wild and hatchery-reared spawners are markedly dissimilar and diet is known to influence stable isotope signature, egg stable isotope signatures offer the potential to discriminate redds of each. Using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen (C-13 and N-15) of naturally spawned Atlantic Salmon eggs, we were able to discriminate the redds of putative wild (i.e., previously stocked life stage feeding in Lake Ontario; EWSR) from putative hatchery-reared Atlantic Salmon (EHSR). Eggs of EWSR were significantly more enriched in nitrogen (N-15: 15.0 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand [mean +/- SE]) but more depleted in carbon (C-13: -26.6 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand) than eggs of EHSR (N-15 = 9.8 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand; C-13 = -17.5 +/- 0.0 parts per thousand). Eggs of EHSR were indistinguishable from eggs of known hatchery Atlantic Salmon for both C-13 and N-15. Using stable isotopes to discriminate redd type, few differences were found between the spawning habitat of putative wild and hatchery spawners. Similarly using the same criteria, thiamine levels in eggs of EWSR (8,474 +/- 840 pmol/g) were not significantly different from eggs of known wild Atlantic Salmon (3,691 +/- 782 pmol/g) or of eggs of EHSR (14,865 +/- 1,050 pmol/g), whose thiamine levels were indistinguishable from eggs of known hatchery Atlantic Salmon (14,200 +/- 1,167 pmol/g). Egg thiamine levels for all groups were above established mortality thresholds. Our results indicate that both hatchery and wild Atlantic Salmon can make reproductive contributions, which can be differentiated and quantified using stable isotope signatures. C1 [Fitzsimons, John D.; Dalton, Alex; MacVeigh, Brydon] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Heaton, Mark; Wilson, Chris] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Ecosyst Sci Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 8N8, Canada. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM john.fitzsimons@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Wilson, Chris/J-4851-2012 OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0002-9528-0652 NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 741 EP 753 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.806380 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400008 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T Vono, V AF Castro-Santos, Theodore Vono, Volney TI Posthandling Survival and PIT Tag Retention by AlewivesA Comparison of Gastric and Surgical Implants SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; MIGRATION; RIVER; PSEUDOHARENGUS; CONNECTICUT; UPSTREAM; MOVEMENT; FISHWAYS; BARRIERS AB We compared survival and tag retention of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus tagged with PIT tags, using intraperitoneal (IP) surgical implants, gastric implants (GI), and untagged controls held for 38 d. Retention was 100% for IP-tagged Alewives and 98% for GI-tagged implants. No significant difference in survival was observed among any of these groups. These results lend support to the use of PIT telemetry for studying fish passage and migration of anadromous herring. Both methods hold promise for improving estimates of freshwater survival of adult anadromous clupeids; further research should make it also possible to refine estimates of adult marine survival. C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Vono, Volney] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM tcastrosantos@usgs.gov OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 790 EP 794 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.811130 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400014 ER PT J AU Andrews, TM Shepard, BB Litt, AR Kruse, CG Zale, AV Kalinowski, ST AF Andrews, Tessa M. Shepard, Bradley B. Litt, Andrea R. Kruse, Carter G. Zale, Alexander V. Kalinowski, Steven T. TI Juvenile Movement among Different Populations of Cutthroat Trout Introduced as Embryos to Vacant Habitat SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; STREAM FISH; TRADE-OFFS; GROWTH; LAKE AB Translocations are frequently used to increase the abundance and range of endangered fishes. One factor likely to affect the outcome of translocations is fish movement. We introduced embryos from five Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi populations (both hatchery and wild) at five different locations within a fishless watershed. We then examined the movement of age-1 and age-2 fish and looked for differences in movement distance among source populations and among introduction sites; we also examined the interactions among age, population, and introduction site. At age 1, most individuals (90.9%) remained within 1,000m their introduction sites. By age 2, the majority of individuals (58.3%) still remained within 1,000m of their introduction site, but considerably more individuals had moved downstream, some more than 6,000m from their introduction site. We observed a significant interaction between age and source population (F-4,F- 1077= 15.45, P < 0.0001) as well as between age and introduction site (F-41,F- 1077 = 11.39, P < 0.0008), so we presented results in the context of these interactions. Within age-groups, we observed differences in movement behavior among source populations and among donor populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout. We discuss these findings in light of previous research on juvenile salmonid movement. C1 [Andrews, Tessa M.] Univ Georgia, Div Biol Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shepard, Bradley B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Yellowstone Rockies Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Litt, Andrea R.; Kalinowski, Steven T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kruse, Carter G.] Turner Enterprises Inc, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Andrews, TM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, 120 Cedar St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tandrews@uga.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0717456]; Turner Enterprises, Inc.; Montana Trout Unlimited; U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Montana State University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Montana State University [18-07] FX Major funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0717456). Additional funding was provided by Turner Enterprises, Inc. and Montana Trout Unlimited. We thank Lee Nelson, Pat Clancey, Dan Drinan, Travis Lohrenz, Romie Bahram, Jake Ferguson, Jacqueline Jones, Jennifer Ard, Alex Hopkins, Clint Smith, Tatiana Butler, Ninh Vu, Wes Orr, Buddy Drake, Angela Smith, Mark Sweeney, Reid Koskiniemi, Mike Konsmo, Hillary Billman, and Preston Debele for their assistance in the field. We also thank Ninh Vu, Jenn Ard, and Tatiana Butler for their assistance in the laboratory. Constructive feedback from internal and external reviewers greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University institutional animal care and use protocol 18-07. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 795 EP 805 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.812582 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400015 ER PT J AU Petersen, MJ Bettoli, PW AF Petersen, Matthew J. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Mortality of Palmetto Bass Following Catch-and-Release Angling SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; STRIPED BASS; SURVIVAL; STRESS; CAUGHT AB Palmetto bass (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis x White Bass M. chrysops) have been stocked into reservoirs in the southeastern USA since the late 1960s and have gained widespread acceptance as a sport fish. These fisheries are growing in popularity and catch-and-release (CR) fishing is commonplace; however, there is a dearth of information on CR mortality of palmetto bass. We experimentally angled palmetto bass (n = 56; >373-mm TL) in a Tennessee reservoir using traditional angling gear in water temperatures ranging from 13 degrees C to 32 degrees C. Ultrasonic transmitters equipped with floats were externally attached to fish, which were released immediately and tracked multiple times within 10 d of release. Mortality was negligible (3.6%) in fall and spring at cool water temperatures but was high (39.3%) in summer when water temperatures exceeded 26 degrees C. The best logistic regression model based on Akaike's information criterion for small sample sizes scores relied on water temperature alone to predict CR mortality of palmetto bass; there was little support for other models that included all possible combinations of the six other predictor variables we tested. Palmetto bass in our study experienced lower CR mortality than Striped Bass in other systems, but CR mortality rates for palmetto bass that approach or exceed 40% during summer are still problematic if the goal is to maintain fishing quality. C1 [Petersen, Matthew J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Petersen, Matthew J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Petersen, MJ (reprint author), Indiana Dept Nat Resources, 5596 East State Rd 46, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM mpetersen@dnr.in.gov FU Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; TWRA; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit; USGS; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Technological University FX Funding and other support for this research was provided by the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; TWRA; and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the USGS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and Tennessee Technological University. This manuscript benefitted from comments provided on an earlier draft by Thomas Roberts and David Smith. We thank Mike Smith, John Hammonds, and members of the J. Percy Priest Hybrid and Striper Club for their assistance and support in capturing and holding palmetto bass. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 806 EP 810 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.812584 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201MJ UT WOS:000323145400016 ER PT J AU Sun, RY Enrico, M Heimburger, LE Scott, C Sonke, JE AF Sun, Ruoyu Enrico, Maxime Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric Scott, Clint Sonke, Jeroen E. TI A double-stage tube furnace-acid-trapping protocol for the pre-concentration of mercury from solid samples for isotopic analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mercury isotopes; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Combustion; Coal; Peat; Black shale ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; FRACTIONATION; COAL; HG; SPECTROMETRY; DEPOSITION AB High-precision mercury (Hg) stable isotopic analysis requires relatively large amounts of Hg (> 10 ng). Consequently, the extraction of Hg from natural samples with low Hg concentrations (< 1-20 ng/g) by wet chemistry is challenging. Combustion-trapping techniques have been shown to be an appropriate alternative [1]. Here, we detail a modified off-line Hg pre-concentration protocol that is based on combustion and trapping. Hg in solid samples is thermally reduced and volatilized in a pure O-2 stream using a temperature-programmed combustion furnace. A second furnace, kept at 1,000 A degrees C, decomposes combustion products into H2O, CO2, SO2, etc. The O-2 carrier gas, including combustion products and elemental Hg, is then purged into a 40 % (v/v) acid-trapping solution. The method was optimized by assessing the variations of Hg pre-concentration efficiency and Hg isotopic compositions as a function of acid ratio, gas flow rate, and temperature ramp rate for two certified reference materials of bituminous coals. Acid ratios of 2HNO(3)/1HCl (v/v), 25 mL/min O-2 flow rate, and a dynamic temperature ramp rate (15 A degrees C/min for 25-150 and 600-900 A degrees C; 2.5 A degrees C/min for 150-600 A degrees C) were found to give optimal results. Hg step-release experiments indicated that significant Hg isotopic fractionation occurred during sample combustion. However, no systematic dependence of Hg isotopic compositions on Hg recovery (81-102 %) was observed. The tested 340 samples including coal, coal-associated rocks, fly ash, bottom ash, peat, and black shale sediments with Hg concentrations varying from < 5 ng/g to 10 mu g/g showed that most Hg recoveries were within the acceptable range of 80-120 %. This protocol has the advantages of a short sample processing time (similar to 3.5 h) and limited transfer of residual sample matrix into the Hg trapping solution. This in turn limits matrix interferences on the Hg reduction efficiency of the cold vapor generator used for Hg isotopic analysis. C1 [Sun, Ruoyu; Enrico, Maxime; Heimbuerger, Lars-Eric; Sonke, Jeroen E.] Univ Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse,Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Enrico, Maxime] Univ Toulouse, ENSAT, INP, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. [Scott, Clint] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada. [Scott, Clint] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Sun, RY (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse,Observ Midi Pyrenees, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM roysun1986@gmail.com RI Heimburger, Lars-Eric/A-4658-2012; 若愚, 孙/F-3823-2010; OI 若愚, 孙/0000-0001-7261-8377; Heimburger, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183 FU French Agence Nationale de Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01]; European Research Council [ERC-2010-StG_20091028]; Chinese Scholarship Council FX This work is supported by research grants ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01 from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche and ERC-2010-StG_20091028 from the European Research Council to JES. RS acknowledges his PhD scholarship from the Chinese Scholarship Council. We thank Damien Guillaume for providing lab space to host the tube furnace lines at the GET laboratory. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 405 IS 21 BP 6771 EP 6781 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7152-2 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 195MC UT WOS:000322705600016 PM 23852146 ER PT J AU Li, J Hu, JM Deng, W Huang, SL Jia, HF Zhu, CL Luo, HX AF Li Jie Hu Jin-ming Deng Wei Huang Sheng-li Jia Hai-feng Zhu Chun-ling Luo Huai-xiu TI Revealing storage-area relationship of open water in ungauged subalpine wetland - Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Water storage; Ungauged wetland; Napahai Wetland; Normalized Difference Water Index ID INDEX NDWI; LIDAR; LAKE; FLUCTUATIONS; FEATURES; SURFACE AB Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with significant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged conditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland - Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China - as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites Systems) RTK (Real-time Kinematic system) and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine-resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2011 were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was calculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1-2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation (R (2)a parts per thousand 0.91, n=44). This study indicates that if detailed elevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi-temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage-area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this case wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex. C1 [Li Jie; Hu Jin-ming; Jia Hai-feng; Zhu Chun-ling; Luo Huai-xiu] Yunnan Univ, Asian Int Rivers Ctr, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. [Deng Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Huang Sheng-li] US Geol Survey USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sc, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Hu, JM (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Asian Int Rivers Ctr, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. EM 15368892723@126.com; jhuynu@163.com RI Hu, Jinming/J-9149-2012 FU National Special Basic Research Fund [2008FY110300]; National Science and Technology Support Program [2011BAC09B07]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40961003]; Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Education Department [2011J018] FX This work was supported by the National Special Basic Research Fund (Grant No. 2008FY110300), National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No. 2011BAC09B07), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40961003) and Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Education Department (Grant No. 2011J018). The authors give special thanks to local managers of the Napahai Wetland for helping with the field survey and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6316 J9 J MT SCI-ENGL JI J Mt. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 553 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2596-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191DM UT WOS:000322392800006 ER PT J AU Hung, WN Lin, TF Chiou, CT AF Hung, Wei-Nung Lin, Tsair-Fuh Chiou, Cary T. TI Solution Models for Binary Components of Significantly Different Molecular Sizes SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solution models; Activity; Entropy; Molecular size; Raoult's law; Flory-Huggins model; Modified Flory-Huggins model ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; SOLUBILITY; WATER; THERMODYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; ENTROPY; IODINE AB As a solution theory, Raoult's law is commonly used to estimate the activities of solutes and solvents of comparable molecular sizes while the Flory-Huggins (F-H) model is used for the activities of small liquids in high polymers. For a great many systems where the solute and solvent differ only moderately in molecular size (e.g., by 4-10 times), there has been no confirmed choice of a preferred model; examples of such systems are those of ordinary organic compounds in liquid triolein (MW = 885.4 g center dot mol(-1)) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) (MW = similar to 1,000 g center dot mol(-1)). The observed nearly athermal solubilities of many nonpolar organic solids in these solvents provide unique experimental data to examine the merit of a solution model. As found, Raoult's law underestimates widely, and the F-H model underestimates slightly, the solid solubilities in triolein and PPG because these models underestimate the solution entropy for these solute-solvent pairs. To rectify this problem, the molecular segments of a large sized liquid solvent (e.g., triolein) are assumed to act as independent mixing units to increase the solute-solvent mixing entropy. This adjustment leads to a modified F-H model in which the "ideal" or "athermal" solubility of a solid in volume fraction, at a particular temperature, is equal to the solid's activity at that temperature. Results from other studies give further support for the modified F-H model to interpret the partition data of compounds with organic solvents. C1 [Hung, Wei-Nung; Lin, Tsair-Fuh; Chiou, Cary T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Hung, Wei-Nung; Lin, Tsair-Fuh; Chiou, Cary T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Sustainable Environm Res Ctr, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Chiou, Cary T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hung, WN (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM wnhung2012@gmail.com; carychio@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/C-4056-2008 OI Lin, Tsair-Fuh/0000-0002-2439-9090 FU National Cheng Kung University [D101-33B01]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 99-2221-E-006-053] FX This work was supported in part by National Cheng Kung University (D101-33B01) and by National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 99-2221-E-006-053). We thank Prof. Milton Manes, Professor Emeritus, Kent State University (Kent, OH, USA) and Prof. Jen-Feng Kuo, National Cheng Kung University (Tainan, Taiwan) for valuable comments and discussion. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1438 EP 1451 DI 10.1007/s10953-013-0041-7 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 202WC UT WOS:000323250200006 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, DL AF DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Intraspecific trait variation and its effects on food chains SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Intraspecific variation; Tritrophic food chain; Diamond-shaped food web; Switching between alternative traits; Food chain stability; Transient dynamics ID TROPHIC CASCADES; INDUCIBLE DEFENSES; CONSEQUENCES; COEXISTENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; INDIVIDUALS; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB Traits such as skill at foraging and investment in anti-predator defense may vary among individuals within a species population. This intraspecific variation has implications for community dynamics. The implications of intraspecific variation of a consumer in the intermediate level of a tritrophic food chain are explored for the case in which two different phenotypes exist within the consumer population having tradeoffs in traits with respect to foraging for resources and resisting predation. The topology of such a web is similar to that of the diamond-shaped food web. An important result of prior studies on diamond-shaped webs is that conditions for equilibrium coexistence of two competing consumer species can be found, but the transient oscillations would make it likely for one competing species to become extinct. In the case of two phenotype subpopulations within a single consumer species, however, switching between the two subpopulations can occur, which is stabilizing. As a result, it is feasible for two distinct phenotype subpopulations of the consumer to exist between resources and predators in a tritrophic chain. The occurrence of two stably coexisting phenotype populations changes the nature of the bottom-up and top-down effects in the chain. The predator exerts a top-down effect on the resource, not the consumer subpopulations, and changes in the resource carrying capacity causes changes in the consumer subpopulations, but not the populations of the predators or the resources themselves. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 244 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.04.008 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 196VL UT WOS:000322805400003 PM 23660150 ER PT J AU Karacan, CO Olea, RA AF Karacan, C. Oezgen Olea, Ricardo A. TI Time-Lapse Analysis of Methane Quantity in the Mary Lee Group of Coal Seams Using Filter-Based Multiple-Point Geostatistical Simulation SO MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Coal seam degasification; Coalbed methane; Coal mine methane; Multiple-point geostatistics; Filter simulation; Training image ID BLACK WARRIOR BASIN; RESERVOIR; EMISSIONS; ALGORITHMS; EFFICIENCY; ALABAMA AB Coal seam degasification and its success are important for controlling methane, and thus for the health and safety of coal miners. During the course of degasification, properties of coal seams change. Thus, the changes in coal reservoir conditions and in-place gas content as well as methane emission potential into mines should be evaluated by examining time-dependent changes and the presence of major heterogeneities and geological discontinuities in the field. In this work, time-lapsed reservoir and fluid storage properties of the New Castle coal seam, Mary Lee/Blue Creek seam, and Jagger seam of Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, were determined from gas and water production history matching and production forecasting of vertical degasification wellbores. These properties were combined with isotherm and other important data to compute gas-in-place (GIP) and its change with time at borehole locations. Time-lapsed training images (TIs) of GIP and GIP difference corresponding to each coal and date were generated by using these point-wise data and Voronoi decomposition on the TI grid, which included faults as discontinuities for expansion of Voronoi regions. Filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulations, which were preferred in this study due to anisotropies and discontinuities in the area, were used to predict time-lapsed GIP distributions within the study area. Performed simulations were used for mapping spatial time-lapsed methane quantities as well as their uncertainties within the study area. The systematic approach presented in this paper is the first time in literature that history matching, TIs of GIPs and filter simulations are used for degasification performance evaluation and for assessing GIP for mining safety. Results from this study showed that using production history matching of coalbed methane wells to determine time-lapsed reservoir data could be used to compute spatial GIP and representative GIP TIs generated through Voronoi decomposition. Furthermore, performing filter simulations using point-wise data and TIs could be used to predict methane quantity in coal seams subjected to degasification. During the course of the study, it was shown that the material balance of gas produced by wellbores and the GIP reductions in coal seams predicted using filter simulations compared very well, showing the success of filter simulations for continuous variables in this case study. Quantitative results from filter simulations of GIP within the studied area briefly showed that GIP was reduced from an initial similar to 73 Bcf (median) to similar to 46 Bcf (2011), representing a 37 % decrease and varying spatially through degasification. It is forecasted that there will be an additional similar to 2 Bcf reduction in methane quantity between 2011 and 2015. This study and presented results showed that the applied methodology and utilized techniques can be used to map GIP and its change within coal seams after degasification, which can further be used for ventilation design for methane control in coal mines. C1 [Karacan, C. Oezgen] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Olea, Ricardo A.] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Karacan, CO (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM cok6@cdc.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8961 J9 MATH GEOSCI JI Math Geosci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 45 IS 6 BP 681 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s11004-013-9474-1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 195SP UT WOS:000322724200003 PM 26191095 ER PT J AU De Jager, NR Fox, TJ AF De Jager, Nathan R. Fox, Timothy J. TI Curve Fit: a pixel-level raster regression tool for mapping spatial patterns SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ArcMap; landscape assessment; landscape pattern; scale ID FRAGMENTATION; FOREST; SCALE AB 1. Despite the fact that pixels (i.e. picture elements) are the basic sampling units of maps, we are aware of no software package or tool that allows users to model changes that may occur at such fine spatial resolutions over broad geographic extents. 2. Curve Fit is an extension to the application ArcMap that allows users to conduct linear or nonlinear regression analysis on the range of values found within input raster data sets (geo-referenced images), independently for each pixel. 3. Outputs consist of raster surfaces of regression model parameter estimates, standard errors, goodness-of-fit estimates and multimodel inference measures. 4. Curve fit outputs characterize continuous spatial or temporal change across a series of raster data sets. C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Fox, Timothy J.] USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ndejager@usgs.gov OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125 FU Long Term Resources Monitoring Component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program; USACE; USEPA; USFWS; USGS; Illinois; Iowa; Minnesota; Missouri; Wisconsin FX Tim Fox (tfox@usgs.gov) developed Curve Fit using the programming language VB. Net. It runs on Windows 7 and is freely available online (http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/management/dss/curve_fit.html). Tim Fox and Nathan De Jager conceived the idea for Curve Fit while conducting landscape modelling and assessment studies funded by the Long Term Resources Monitoring Component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program, a partnership among four federal agencies (USACE, USEPA, USFWS, USGS) and five state natural resource agencies (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin). The support of this partnership is greatly appreciated. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 4 IS 8 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12068 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 197ZK UT WOS:000322891200011 ER PT J AU Douilly, R Haase, JS Ellsworth, WL Bouin, MP Calais, E Symithe, SJ Armbruster, JG de Lepinay, BM Deschamps, A Mildor, SL Meremonte, ME Hough, SE AF Douilly, Roby Haase, Jennifer S. Ellsworth, William L. Bouin, Marie-Paule Calais, Eric Symithe, Steeve J. Armbruster, John G. de Lepinay, Bernard Mercier Deschamps, Anne Mildor, Saint-Louis Meremonte, Mark E. Hough, Susan E. TI Crustal Structure and Fault Geometry of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake from Temporary Seismometer Deployments SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC HAZARD; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE; VELOCITY MODEL; PLATE BOUNDARY; LEAST-SQUARES; HAYWARD FAULT; MAIN SHOCK; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION AB Haiti has been the locus of a number of large and damaging historical earthquakes. The recent 12 January 2010 M-w 7.0 earthquake affected cities that were largely unprepared, which resulted in tremendous losses. It was initially assumed that the earthquake ruptured the Enriquillo Plantain Garden fault (EPGF), a major active structure in southern Haiti, known from geodetic measurements and its geomorphic expression to be capable of producing M 7 or larger earthquakes. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, however, showed that the event ruptured a previously unmapped fault, the Leogane fault, a north-dipping oblique transpressional fault located immediately north of the EPGF. Following the earthquake, several groups installed temporary seismic stations to record aftershocks, including ocean-bottom seismometers on either side of the EPGF. We use data from the complete set of stations deployed after the event, on land and offshore, to relocate all aftershocks from 10 February to 24 June 2010, determine a 1D regional crustal velocity model, and calculate focal mechanisms. The aftershock locations from the combined dataset clearly delineate the Leogane fault, with a geometry close to that inferred from geodetic data. Its strike and dip closely agree with the global centroid moment tensor solution of the mainshock but with a steeper dip than inferred from previous finite fault inversions. The aftershocks also delineate a structure with shallower southward dip offshore and to the west of the rupture zone, which could indicate triggered seismicity on the offshore Trois Baies reverse fault. We use first-motion focal mechanisms to clarify the relationship of the fault geometry to the triggered aftershocks. C1 [Douilly, Roby; Symithe, Steeve J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Haase, Jennifer S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bouin, Marie-Paule] Inst Phys Globe Paris, Observ Volocanol & Sismol Guadeloupe, Gourbeyre 97113, Guadeloupe. [Calais, Eric] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Geosci, UMR CNRS 8538, F-75231 Paris 5, France. [Armbruster, John G.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [de Lepinay, Bernard Mercier; Deschamps, Anne] Univ Nice, Geoazur CNRS, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Mildor, Saint-Louis] Bur Mines & Energie, Port Au Prince, Delmas, Haiti. [Meremonte, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Douilly, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rdouilly@purdue.edu; jhaase@ucsd.edu; ellsworth@usgs.gov; bouin@ipgp.fr; ecalais@geologie.ens.fr; ssymithe@purdue.edu; armb@ldeo.columbia.edu; mercier@geoazur.unice.fr; deschamps@geoazur.unice.fr; saintmildor1953@yahoo.fr; meremonte@usgs.gov; hough@usgs.gov RI Calais, Eric/K-8219-2012; OI Calais, Eric/0000-0002-5935-8117; Deschamps, Anne/0000-0002-6209-9814 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0409487, EAR-RAPID-1024990, EAR-1045809]; Voila Foundation (Trilogy International); Haiti Bureau of Mines and Energy; Faculty of Science of the University of the State of Haiti; INSU/CNRS; IRD; IFREMER FX This research was supported by Grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (awards EAR-0409487, EAR-RAPID-1024990, and EAR-1045809 to Eric Calais). Steeve J. Symithe and Roby Douilly are supported by a training grant from the Voila Foundation (Trilogy International), which we thank for their commitment to improving higher education in Haiti. We thank the Haiti Bureau of Mines and Energy and the Faculty of Science of the University of the State of Haiti for their support to our work in Haiti. We thank the support of INSU/CNRS, IRD, and IFREMER, which allowed the Haiti OBS cruise, and the INSU "Aleas et risques" program, which supported the aftershocks analysis. We acknowledge the benefit of discussions with Robert L. Nowack, Carol Prentice, Walter Mooney, Andrew M. Freed, and Roberte Bien-Aime Momplaisir, which significantly improved this work. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 24 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 2305 EP 2325 DI 10.1785/0120120303 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193OM UT WOS:000322569200013 ER PT J AU Boore, DM AF Boore, David M. TI The Uses and Limitations of the Square-Root-Impedance Method for Computing Site Amplification SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; STRONG-GROUND-MOTION; SHEAR-WAVE SLOWNESS; SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; ROCK SITES; 30 METERS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION; MODEL AB The square-root-impedance (SRI) method is a fast way of computing approximate site amplification that does not depend on the details from velocity models. The SRI method underestimates the peak response of models with large impedance contrasts near their base, but the amplifications for those models is often close to or equal to the root mean square of the theoretical full resonant (FR) response of the higher modes. On the other hand, for velocity models made up of gradients, with no significant impedance changes across small ranges of depth, the SRI method systematically underestimates the theoretical FR response over a wide frequency range. For commonly used gradient models for generic rock sites, the SRI method underestimates the FR response by about 20%-30%. Notwithstanding the persistent underestimation of amplifications from theoretical FR calculations, however, amplifications from the SRI method may often provide more useful estimates of amplifications than the FR method, because the SRI amplifications are not sensitive to details of the models and will not exhibit the many peaks and valleys characteristic of theoretical full resonant amplifications (jaggedness sometimes not seen in amplifications based on averages of site response from multiple recordings at a given site). The lack of sensitivity to details of the velocity models also makes the SRI method useful in comparing the response of various velocity models, in spite of any systematic underestimation of the response. The quarter-wavelength average velocity, which is fundamental to the SRI method, is useful by itself in site characterization, and as such, is the fundamental parameter used to characterize the site response in a number of recent ground-motion prediction equations. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 2356 EP 2368 DI 10.1785/0120120283 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193OM UT WOS:000322569200016 ER PT J AU Lienkaemper, JJ Baldwin, JN Turner, R Sickler, RR Brown, J AF Lienkaemper, James J. Baldwin, John N. Turner, Robert Sickler, Robert R. Brown, Johnathan TI A Record of Large Earthquakes during the Past Two Millennia on the Southern Green Valley Fault, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; HAYWARD FAULT; RUPTURE; TERRESTRIAL; PROGRAM AB We document evidence for surface-rupturing earthquakes (events) at two trench sites on the southern Green Valley fault, California (SGVF). The 75-80 km long dextral SGVF creeps similar to 1-4 mm/yr. We identify stratigraphic horizons disrupted by upward-flowering shears and infilled fissures unlikely to have formed from creep alone. The Mason Rd site exhibits four events from similar to 1013 CE to the present. The Lopes Ranch site (LR, 12 km to the south) exhibits three events from 18 BCE to present including the most recent event (MRE), 1610 +/- 52 yr CE (1 sigma) and a two-event interval (18 BCE-238 CE) isolated by a millennium of low deposition. Using OxCal to model the timing of the four-event earthquake sequence from radiocarbon data and the LR MRE yields a mean recurrence interval (RI or mu) of 199 +/- 82 yr (1s) and +/- 35 yr (standard error of the mean), the first based on geologic data. The time since the most recent earthquake (open window since MRE) is 402 yr +/- 52 yr, well past mu similar to 200 yr. The shape of the probability density function (PDF) of the average RI from OxCal resembles a Brownian passage time (BPT) PDF (i.e., rather than normal) that permits rarer longer ruptures potentially involving the Berryessa and Hunting Creek sections of the northernmost GVF. The model coefficient of variation (cv, sigma/mu) is 0.41, but a larger value (cv similar to 0.6) fits better when using BPT. A BPT PDF with mu of 250 and cv of 0.6 yields 30 yr rupture probabilities of 20%-25% versus a Poisson probability of 11%-17%. C1 [Lienkaemper, James J.; Sickler, Robert R.; Brown, Johnathan] US Geol Survey 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Baldwin, John N.] Lettis Consultants Int Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Turner, Robert] Fugro William Lettis & Associates Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. RP Lienkaemper, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey 977, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlienk@usgs.gov FU USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program [9939-09711]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX The USGS National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (9939-09711) funded the investigation. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation supported mapping of the northern Green Valley fault zone. We thank the late Billy Yarbrough and Debra and Anthony Russo for making this work possible. We gratefully acknowledge Liam Reidy for searching for earliest non-native pollen. Further special thanks go to Suzanne Hecker, Dan Ponti, John Tinsley, Tim Dawson, Ian Cappelle, Jim Hengesh, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews that improved this report. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 2386 EP 2403 DI 10.1785/0120120198 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193OM UT WOS:000322569200018 ER PT J AU Wrucke, CT Wrucke, RT Sayre, T AF Wrucke, Chester T. Wrucke, Robert T. Sayre, Ted TI Reassessment of the 1906 San Andreas Fault Rupture in Portola Valley, California, from Synthesis of Lidar and Historical Data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB During the 1906 magnitude 7.8 earthquake, surface rupture along the San Andreas fault propagated through the Town of Portola Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula. Subsequently, a number of studies came to conflicting conclusions regarding the exact location and nature of the 1906 surface rupture through the area. Our study provides new evidence for correctly locating the 1906 rupture within the town using field observations, a detailed analysis of 3D, bare-earth Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) images, and a review of photographs and other historical documents related to the 1906 rupture. Our composite images combine lidar views with historical photographs to aid in locating the 1906 fault trace and a previously unrecognized splay of the fault. Both the main fault trace and newly proposed splay-fault locations are significantly different from interpretations of the 1906 surface rupture developed over the last 50 years. Assembled evidence shows that the primary rupture in 1906 occurred only on the western of two main fault traces, rather than stepping to the eastern trace as proposed previously, and that a major section (about 2.6 km) of the western trace has been inaccurately mapped. From lidar-image analysis, we demonstrate that the previously mapped 1906 trace in the southern part of Portola Valley cuts through a homoclinal sequence of strata. These moderately dipping strata form prominent bedding lineaments have been mapped previously as quaternary fault traces. C1 [Wrucke, Chester T.] US Geol Survey, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. [Sayre, Ted] Cotton Shires & Associates Inc, Los Gatos, CA 95030 USA. RP Wrucke, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 30 Cima Way, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. FU Cotton, Shires, and Associates FX Permission to use the map of Figure 3 and the photographs of Figures 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, and 25 was granted courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. We thank Stanford University for supplying the map used in Figure 20. We are grateful to John Harbaugh for encouraging us to write this paper and his financial support, to W. R. Dickinson, William Glen, and Carol Prentice for their thoughtful reviews, and to William Carver for his editing of an early version of the manuscript. We also thank Cotton, Shires, and Associates for financial support. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 26 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 2404 EP 2423 DI 10.1785/0120120201 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193OM UT WOS:000322569200019 ER PT J AU Wang, TH Cochran, ES Agnew, D Oglesby, DD AF Wang, Tien-Huei Cochran, Elizabeth S. Agnew, Duncan Oglesby, David D. TI Infrequent Triggering of Tremor along the San Jacinto Fault near Anza, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; SLOW SLIP EVENTS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NONVOLCANIC TREMOR; SUBDUCTION ZONE; ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SEISMIC GAP; EARTHQUAKE AB We examine the conditions necessary to trigger tremor along the San Jacinto fault (SJF) near Anza, California, where previous studies suggest triggered tremor occurs, but observations are sparse. We investigate the stress required to trigger tremor using continuous broadband seismograms from 11 stations located near Anza, California. We examine 44 M-w >= 7.4 teleseismic events between 2001 and 2011; these events occur at a wide range of back azimuths and hypocentral distances. In addition, we included one smaller-magnitude, regional event, the 2009 M-w 6.5 Gulf of California earthquake, because it induced extremely high strains at Anza. We find the only episode of triggered tremor occurred during the 3 November 2002 M-w 7.8 Denali earthquake. The tremor episode lasted 300 s, was composed of 12 tremor bursts, and was located along SJF at the northwestern edge of the Anza gap at approximately 13 km depth. The tremor episode started at the Love-wave arrival, when surface-wave particle motions are primarily in the transverse direction. We find that the Denali earthquake induced the second highest stress (similar to 35 kPa) among the 44 teleseismic events and 1 regional event. The dominant period of the Denali surface wave was 22.8 s, at the lower end of the range observed for all events (20-40 s), similar to periods shown to trigger tremor in other locations. The surface waves from the 2009 M-w 6.5 Gulf of California earthquake had the highest observed strain, yet a much shorter dominant period of 10 s and did not trigger tremor. This result suggests that not only the amplitude of the induced strain, but also the period of the incoming surface wave, may control triggering of tremors near Anza. In addition, we find that the transient-shear stress (17-35 kPa) required to trigger tremor along the SJF at Anza is distinctly higher than what has been reported for the well-studied San Andreas fault. C1 [Wang, Tien-Huei; Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Agnew, Duncan] Univ Calif, Geophys & Planetary Phys IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, R1345 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. FU SCEC [09054]; NSF [0943892] FX This work was supported by SCEC 2009 Grant Number 09054 and NSF Grant Number 0943892. We thank Joan Gomberg, David Hill, Hector Gonzalez-Huizar, and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive reviews. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 103 IS 4 BP 2482 EP 2497 DI 10.1785/0120120284 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 193OM UT WOS:000322569200024 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Goldberg, CS Arkle, RS Waits, LP AF Pilliod, David S. Goldberg, Caren S. Arkle, Robert S. Waits, Lisette P. TI Estimating occupancy and abundance of stream amphibians using environmental DNA from filtered water samples SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for detecting aquatic species are advancing rapidly, but with little evaluation of field protocols or precision of resulting estimates. We compared sampling results from traditional field methods with eDNA methods for two amphibians in 13 streams in central Idaho, USA. We also evaluated three water collection protocols and the influence of sampling location, time of day, and distance from animals on eDNA concentration in the water. We found no difference in detection or amount of eDNA among water collection protocols. eDNA methods had slightly higher detection rates than traditional field methods, particularly when species occurred at low densities. eDNA concentration was positively related to field-measured density, biomass, and proportion of transects occupied. Precision of eDNA-based abundance estimates increased with the amount of eDNA in the water and the number of replicate subsamples collected. eDNA concentration did not vary significantly with sample location in the stream, time of day, or distance downstream from animals. Our results further advance the implementation of eDNA methods for monitoring aquatic vertebrates in stream habitats. C1 [Pilliod, David S.; Arkle, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Goldberg, Caren S.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov RI Goldberg, Caren/B-4075-2015 FU US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Comments and suggestions from Amy Vandergast and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. We thank John Cossel (JC) and Joel Sauder for sharing Idaho giant salamander data from Weir Creek and JC for assisting with electrofishing in the field. We are grateful to Andrew Gygli for work in the laboratory and Stephen Bosworth, Matthew Laramie, Josh Laramie, and Mike Raymondi for assisting with field surveys. Field surveys were conducted under State of Idaho Wildlife Collection Permit No. 030716 and Payette National Forest Research Permit No. 0105. Amphibian handling followed International Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines under permit 692-AC11-014. The use of any trade, product, or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is contribution No. 446 of the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 21 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 21 U2 193 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0047 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193AF UT WOS:000322528400001 ER PT J AU Warner, JC Defne, Z Haas, K Arango, HG AF Warner, John C. Defne, Zafer Haas, Kevin Arango, Hernan G. TI A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Wetting and drying; ROMS; Cell-face blocking ID SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; FREE-SURFACE; DAM-BREAK; HYDRODYNAMICS; ASYMMETRY; ESTUARIES; SYSTEM AB The processes of wetting and drying have many important physical and biological impacts on shallow water systems. Inundation and dewatering effects on coastal mud flats and beaches occur on various time scales ranging from storm surge, periodic rise and fall of the tide, to infragravity wave motions. To correctly simulate these physical processes with a numerical model requires the capability of the computational cells to become inundated and dewatered. In this paper, we describe a method for wetting and drying based on an approach consistent with a cell-face blocking algorithm. The method allows water to always flow into any cell, but prevents outflow from a cell when the total depth in that cell is less than a user defined critical value. We describe the method, the implementation into the three-dimensional Regional Oceanographic Modeling System (ROMS), and exhibit the new capability under three scenarios: an analytical expression for shallow water flows, a dam break test case, and a realistic application to part of a wetland area along the Georgia Coast, USA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warner, John C.; Defne, Zafer] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Defne, Zafer; Haas, Kevin] Georgia Inst Technol, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Arango, Hernan G.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov; zdefne@usgs.gov; khaas@gatech.edu; arango@marine.rutgers.edu OI Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships (IIP) under the 3470 Z. Defne et al./Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 3461e3471 Partnerships for Innovation Program [IIP- 0332613]; Strategic Energy Institute at Georgia Institute of Technology via a Creating Energy Options grant; 104B Georgia Water Resources Institute Funding Program; Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program [DE-FG36-08GO18174]; state of Georgia FX We thank the reviewers for their comments, open access to the ROMS modeling system, and to the Integration and Application Network (ian.umces.edu/symbols), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, for the courtesy use of their symbols and diagrams. We thank Dr. Luigi Fraccarollo for access to the data so that we may show comparisons to our simulations. We acknowledge support for studies demonstrated in this manuscript that were supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships (IIP) under the 3470 Z. Defne et al./Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 3461e3471 Partnerships for Innovation Program Grant IIP- 0332613, and from the Strategic Energy Institute at Georgia Institute of Technology via a Creating Energy Options grant and the 104B Georgia Water Resources Institute Funding Program, and also by the Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program award number DE-FG36-08GO18174 and by the state of Georgia. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 58 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.05.004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 190PT UT WOS:000322353400007 ER PT J AU Ankney, ME Johnson, CM Bacon, CR Beard, BL Jicha, BR AF Ankney, Meagan E. Johnson, Clark M. Bacon, Charles R. Beard, Brian L. Jicha, Brian R. TI Distinguishing lower and upper crustal processes in magmas erupted during the buildup to the 7.7 ka climactic eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon, using U-238-Th-230 disequilibria SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Mazama; Crater Lake; Cascade arc; Uranium-series isotopes; Crustal interaction ID SOUTHERN WASHINGTON-CASCADES; U-SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; ALEUTIAN ISLAND-ARC; TRACE-ELEMENT; CALC-ALKALINE; SUBDUCTION ZONE; PHASE-RELATIONS; VOLCANIC ARC; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AB Uranium-series isotope ratios determined for 35 volcanic rocks and 4 glass separates erupted from 36 to 4.8 ka at Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon, identify both Th-230-excess and U-238-excess components. U-Th isotope compositions cover a wide range, exceeding those previously measured for the Cascade arc. Age-corrected (Th-230/Th-232) and (U-238/Th-232) activity ratios range from 1.113 to 1.464 and from 0.878 to 1.572 (44.4 % Th-230-excess to 8.8 % U-238-excess), respectively. The most distinctive aspect of the data set is the contrast in U-Th isotope ratios between low and high Sr (LSr, HSr) components that have been previously identified in products of the 7.7 ka caldera-forming climactic eruption and preclimactic rhyodacite lavas. The LSr component exclusively contains U-238-excess, but the HSr component, as well as more primitive lavas, are marked by Th-230-excess. Th-230-excesses such as those recorded at Mt. Mazama are commonly observed in the Cascades. Melting models suggest that high Th-230-excesses observed in the more primitive lavas evolved through mixing of a mantle melt with a partial melt of a mafic lower crustal composition that contained garnet in the residuum that was produced through dehydration melting of amphibolite that was initially garnet free. Dehydration melting in the lower crust offers a solution to the "hot-slab paradox" of the Cascades, where low volatile contents are predicted due to high slab temperatures, yet higher water contents than expected have been documented in erupted lavas. The U-238-excess observed at Mt. Mazama is rare in Cascade lavas, but occurs in more than half of the samples analyzed in this study. Traditionally, U-238-excess in arc magmas is interpreted to reflect slab fluid fluxing. Indeed, U-238-excess in arcs is common and likely masks Th-230-excess resulting from lower crustal interaction. Isotopic and trace element data, however, suggest a relatively minor role for slab fluid fluxing in the Cascades. We propose that U-238-excess reflects melting and assimilation of young, hydrothermally altered upper crust. The processes related to generating U-238-excess are likely important features at Mt. Mazama that accompanied development of a large-scale silicic magma chamber that led to the caldera-forming eruption. C1 [Ankney, Meagan E.; Johnson, Clark M.; Beard, Brian L.; Jicha, Brian R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bacon, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ankney, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bosket@wisc.edu FU National Science Foundation [1144937, DGE-0718123]; Jack Kleinman Grants for Volcano Research program; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Geoscience FX We acknowledge Kate Smith for her assistance in the field and for her help with obtaining the Th isotope analyses. We also thank Heather Wright for help with fieldwork and discussions related to this project. Comments on a draft manuscript by Steve Shirey and Naomi Matthews, and Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology reviews by Georg Zellmer and an anonymous reviewer, as well as additional comments by Jon Blundy, helped us to improve the quality and clarity of this manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 1144937, as well as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0718123, the Jack Kleinman Grants for Volcano Research program, and a Weeks Research Assistantship and alumni gift funds from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Geoscience. NR 138 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 166 IS 2 BP 563 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s00410-013-0891-4 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 186FI UT WOS:000322027100013 ER PT J AU Stelten, ME Cooper, KM Vazquez, JA Reid, MR Barfod, GH Wimpenny, J Yin, QZ AF Stelten, Mark E. Cooper, Kari M. Vazquez, Jorge A. Reid, Mary R. Barfod, Gry H. Wimpenny, Josh Yin, Qing-zhu TI Magma mixing and the generation of isotopically juvenile silicic magma at Yellowstone caldera inferred from coupling U-238-Th-230 ages with trace elements and Hf and O isotopes in zircon and Pb isotopes in sanidine SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone; Mixing; Zircon; Sanidine; U-238-Th-230; Hf isotope ID PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; BASIN MEMBER RHYOLITES; LOW-DELTA-O-18 RHYOLITES; BISHOP TUFF; LONG VALLEY; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; CALIFORNIA; CRYSTAL AB The nature of compositional heterogeneity within large silicic magma bodies has important implications for how silicic reservoirs are assembled and evolve through time. We examine compositional heterogeneity in the youngest (170 to 70 ka) post-caldera volcanism at Yellowstone caldera, the Central Plateau Member (CPM) rhyolites, as a case study. We compare U-238-Th-230 age, trace-element, and Hf isotopic data from zircons, and major-element, Ba, and Pb isotopic data from sanidines hosted in two CPM rhyolites (Hayden Valley and Solfatara Plateau flows) and one extracaldera rhyolite (Gibbon River flow), all of which erupted near the caldera margin ca. 100 ka. The Hayden Valley flow hosts two zircon populations and one sanidine population that are consistent with residence in the CPM reservoir. The Gibbon River flow hosts one zircon population that is compositionally distinct from Hayden Valley flow zircons. The Solfatara Plateau flow contains multiple sanidine populations and all three zircon populations found in the Hayden Valley and Gibbon River flows, demonstrating that the Solfatara Plateau flow formed by mixing extracaldera magma with the margin of the CPM reservoir. This process highlights the dynamic nature of magmatic interactions at the margins of large silicic reservoirs. More generally, Hf isotopic data from the CPM zircons provide the first direct evidence for isotopically juvenile magmas contributing mass to the youngest post-caldera magmatic system and demonstrate that the sources contributing magma to the CPM reservoir were heterogeneous in Hf-176/Hf-177 at ca. 100 ka. Thus, the limited compositional variability of CPM glasses reflects homogenization occurring within the CPM reservoir, not a homogeneous source. C1 [Stelten, Mark E.; Cooper, Kari M.; Barfod, Gry H.; Wimpenny, Josh; Yin, Qing-zhu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reid, Mary R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Stelten, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mestelten@ucdavis.edu RI Yin, Qing-Zhu/B-8198-2009; Barfod, Gry/A-2466-2015; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 OI Yin, Qing-Zhu/0000-0002-4445-5096; FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1144945, EAR-0538113, EAR-0538309]; UC Davis; GSA; Instrumentation and Facilities Program, National Science Foundation; [EAR-0738749] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research through funding from National Science Foundation award EAR-1144945 to Kari Cooper and partial support from EAR-0738749 to Kari Cooper. We are also grateful for additional funding from National Science Foundation awards EAR-0538113 and EAR-0538309 to Mary Reid and Jorge Vazquez, Durrell research grants from UC Davis, and a GSA graduate student research grant to Mark Stelten. The ion microprobe facility at the University of California-Los Angeles is partly funded by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program, National Science Foundation. We would like to thank Nick Botto and Sarah Roeske for their help with electron microprobe analyses conducted at UC Davis, Michael Pantell and Allison Price for their help with laboratory work and sample preparation, Darren Tollstrup for his help with the zircon LA-MC-ICPMS analyses, Justin Glessner for his help with sanidine LA-MC-ICPMS analyses, and Axel Schmitt for his guidance during the zircon oxygen isotopic analyses at UCLA. We would also like to thank Kathryn Watts, two anonymous reviewers, and editor Jon Blundy for their constructive comments and suggestions that served to strengthen this manuscript. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 166 IS 2 BP 587 EP 613 DI 10.1007/s00410-013-0893-2 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 186FI UT WOS:000322027100014 ER PT J AU Burow, KR Jurgens, BC Belitz, K Dubrovsky, NM AF Burow, Karen R. Jurgens, Bryant C. Belitz, Kenneth Dubrovsky, Neil M. TI Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Groundwater; Regional land use management; Water quality trends; Central Valley ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AGRICULTURAL AREAS; GEOLOGIC NITROGEN; QUALITY; WATER; TRENDS; MANAGEMENT; AQUIFERS; IMPACTS; SOILS AB A regional assessment of multi-decadal changes in nitrate concentrations was done using historical data and a spatially stratified non-biased approach. Data were stratified into physiographic subregions on the basis of geomorphology and soils data to represent zones of historical recharge and discharge patterns in the basin. Data were also stratified by depth to represent a shallow zone generally representing domestic drinking-water supplies and a deep zone generally representing public drinking-water supplies. These stratifications were designed to characterize the regional extent of groundwater with common redox and age characteristics, two factors expected to influence changes in nitrate concentrations over time. Overall, increasing trends in nitrate concentrations and the proportion of nitrate concentrations above 5 mg/L were observed in the east fans subregion of the Central Valley. Whereas the west fans subregion has elevated nitrate concentrations, temporal trends were not detected, likely due to the heterogeneous nature of the water quality in this area and geologic sources of nitrate, combined with sparse and uneven data coverage. Generally low nitrate concentrations in the basin subregion are consistent with reduced geochemical conditions resulting from low permeability soils and higher organic content, reflecting the distal portions of alluvial fans and historical groundwater discharge areas. Very small increases in the shallow aquifer in the basin subregion may reflect downgradient movement of high nitrate groundwater from adjacent areas or overlying intensive agricultural inputs. Because of the general lack of regionally extensive long-term monitoring networks, the results from this study highlight the importance of placing studies of trends in water quality into regional context. Earlier work concluded that nitrate concentrations were steadily increasing over time in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, but clearly those trends do not apply to other physiographic subregions within the Central Valley, even where land use and climate are similar. C1 [Burow, Karen R.; Jurgens, Bryant C.; Dubrovsky, Neil M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Belitz, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Burow, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM krburow@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA); California Ambient Groundwater Monitoring Program (GAMA); USGS; California State Water Resources Control Board FX This work was supported by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) and the California Ambient Groundwater Monitoring Program (GAMA), which is a joint effort of the USGS and the California State Water Resources Control Board. We gratefully acknowledge David W. Anning and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments in the preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2609 EP 2621 DI 10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 191CN UT WOS:000322390300012 ER PT J AU Jones, EJP Harris, SH Barnhart, EP Orem, WH Clark, AC Corum, MD Kirshtein, JD Varonka, MS Voytek, MA AF Jones, Elizabeth J. P. Harris, Steve H. Barnhart, Elliott P. Orem, William H. Clark, Arthur C. Corum, Margo D. Kirshtein, Julie D. Varonka, Matthew S. Voytek, Mary A. TI The effect of coal bed dewatering and partial oxidation on biogenic methane potential SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coalbed natural gas; Biomethanogenesis; Stimulation; Dewatering; Oxidation; Coal bioavailability ID MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FATTY-ACIDS; SP NOV.; BASIN; GENE; DEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS; SAMPLES AB Coal formation dewatering at a site in the Powder River Basin was associated with enhanced potential for secondary biogenic methane determined by using a bioassay. We hypothesized that dewatering can stimulate microbial activity and increase the bioavailability of coal. We analyzed one dewatered and two water-saturated coals to examine possible ways in which dewatering influences coal bed natural gas biogenesis by looking at differences with respect to the native coal microbial community, coal-methane organic intermediates, and residual coal oxidation potential. Microbial biomass did not increase in response to dewatering. Small Subunit rRNA sequences retrieved from all coals sampled represented members from genera known to be aerobic, anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic. A Bray Curtis similarity analysis indicated that the microbial communities in water-saturated coals were more similar to each other than to the dewatered coal, suggesting an effect of dewatering. There was a higher incidence of long chain and volatile fatty acid intermediates in incubations of the dewatered coal compared to the water-saturated coals, and this could either be due to differences in microbial enzymatic activities or to chemical oxidation of the coal associated with O-2 exposure. Dilute H2O2 treatment of two fractions of structural coal (kerogen and bitumen + kerogen) was used as a proxy for chemical oxidation by O-2. The dewatered coal had a low residual oxidation potential compared to the water-saturated coals. Oxidation with 5% H2O2 did increase the bioavailability of structural coal, and the increase in residual oxidation potential in the water saturated coals was approximately equivalent to the higher methanogenic potential measured in the dewatered coal. Evidence from this study supports the idea that coal bed dewatering could stimulate biogenic methanogenesis through partial oxidation of the structural organics in coal once anaerobic conditions are restored. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Elizabeth J. P.; Orem, William H.; Corum, Margo D.; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Varonka, Matthew S.; Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Harris, Steve H.; Clark, Arthur C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Barnhart, Elliott P.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Jones, EJP (reprint author), 10241 Battlefield Dr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM newcbm@gmail.com; stvhrrs1969@gmail.com; epbarnhart@usgs.gov; borem@usgs.gov; aclark@usgs.gov; mcorum@usgs.gov; jkirshte@usgs.gov; mvaronka@usgs.gov; mary.voytek-1@nasa.gov OI Varonka, Matthew/0000-0003-3620-5262 FU U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program. We thank Peabody Energy for allowing the U.S. Geological Survey drilling access and for providing produced water from their well. We thank Dr. Mike Lowitt for help with DNA extractions, quantification, and whole genome amplification, and David Vinson for help with the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 115 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2013.03.011 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 194DL UT WOS:000322611100006 ER PT J AU Ault, TR Cole, JE Overpeck, JT Pederson, GT St George, S Otto-Bliesner, B Woodhouse, CA Deser, C AF Ault, Toby R. Cole, Julia E. Overpeck, Jonathan T. Pederson, Gregory T. St George, Scott Otto-Bliesner, Bette Woodhouse, Connie A. Deser, Clara TI The Continuum of Hydroclimate Variability in Western North America during the Last Millennium SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Climate variability; Paleoclimate; General circulation models; Decadal variability; Interdecadal variability; Risk assessment ID TROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SOUTHWESTERN USA; LATE HOLOCENE; RIVER FLOW AB The distribution of climatic variance across the frequency spectrum has substantial importance for anticipating how climate will evolve in the future. Here power spectra and power laws (beta) are estimated from instrumental, proxy, and climate model data to characterize the hydroclimate continuum in western North America (WNA). The significance of the estimates of spectral densities and beta are tested against the null hypothesis that they reflect solely the effects of local (nonclimate) sources of autocorrelation at the monthly time scale. Although tree-ring-based hydroclimate reconstructions are generally consistent with this null hypothesis, values of beta calculated from long moisture-sensitive chronologies (as opposed to reconstructions) and other types of hydroclimate proxies exceed null expectations. Therefore it may be argued that there is more low-frequency variability in hydroclimate than monthly autocorrelation alone can generate. Coupled model results archived as part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are consistent with the null hypothesis and appear unable to generate variance in hydroclimate commensurate with paleoclimate records. Consequently, at decadal-to-multidecadal time scales there is more variability in instrumental and proxy data than in the models, suggesting that the risk of prolonged droughts under climate change may be underestimated by CMIP5 simulations of the future. C1 [Ault, Toby R.; Cole, Julia E.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT USA. [St George, Scott] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Ault, TR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ault@ucar.edu FU NSF [0903093]; NCAR-ASP fellowship; NOAA CCDD [NA07OAR4310054]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX We thank Steve Gray, Adam Phillips, and Justin Sheffield for assistance and for data, and we are especially grateful to Dave Meko for sharing his Matlab code to calculate PDSI and the Palmer Z index. We appreciate the helpful reviews we received from Mike Evans, Zack Holden, and Andrew Ray. This project was supported in part by an NSF doctoral fellowship to T. Ault, a NCAR-ASP fellowship to T. Ault, NOAA CCDD (NA07OAR4310054) and NSF P2C2 (0903093) support for J. Cole, and NOAA Climate Program Office support for CLIMAS (J. Overpeck). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 5863 EP 5878 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00732.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700008 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Cayan, DR Das, T Maurer, EP Miller, NL Bao, Y Kanamitsu, M Yoshimura, K Snyder, MA Sloan, LC Franco, G Tyree, M AF Pierce, David W. Cayan, Daniel R. Das, Tapash Maurer, Edwin P. Miller, Norman L. Bao, Yan Kanamitsu, M. Yoshimura, Kei Snyder, Mark A. Sloan, Lisa C. Franco, Guido Tyree, Mary TI The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North America; Anthropogenic effects; Climate change; Climate models; Model comparison; Regional models ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; WATER-RESOURCES; 21ST-CENTURY CLIMATE; CHANGE IMPACTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; STORM TRACKS; SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE; FLOODS AB Climate model simulations disagree on whether future precipitation will increase or decrease over California, which has impeded efforts to anticipate and adapt to human-induced climate change. This disagreement is explored in terms of daily precipitation frequency and intensity. It is found that divergent model projections of changes in the incidence of rare heavy (>60 mm day(-1)) daily precipitation events explain much of the model disagreement on annual time scales, yet represent only 0.3% of precipitating days and 9% of annual precipitation volume. Of the 25 downscaled model projections examined here, 21 agree that precipitation frequency will decrease by the 2060s, with a mean reduction of 6-14 days yr(-1). This reduces California's mean annual precipitation by about 5.7%. Partly offsetting this, 16 of the 25 projections agree that daily precipitation intensity will increase, which accounts for a model average 5.3% increase in annual precipitation. Between these conflicting tendencies, 12 projections show drier annual conditions by the 2060s and 13 show wetter. These results are obtained from 16 global general circulation models downscaled with different combinations of dynamical methods [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), Regional Spectral Model (RSM), and version 3 of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM3)] and statistical methods [bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and bias correction with constructed analogs (BCCA)], although not all downscaling methods were applied to each global model. Model disagreements in the projected change in occurrence of the heaviest precipitation days (>60 mm day(-1)) account for the majority of disagreement in the projected change in annual precipitation, and occur preferentially over the Sierra Nevada and Northern California. When such events are excluded, nearly twice as many projections show drier future conditions. C1 [Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Das, Tapash; Kanamitsu, M.; Yoshimura, Kei; Tyree, Mary] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Das, Tapash] CH2M HILL Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Maurer, Edwin P.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Miller, Norman L.; Bao, Yan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snyder, Mark A.; Sloan, Lisa C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Franco, Guido] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), SIO CASPO, Mail Stop 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X FU Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission (CEC) [500-07-042]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0002000]; International ad-hoc Detection and Attribution (IDAG); CALFED Bay-Delta Program; NOAA through the California Nevada Applications Program RISA activity FX This work was funded by the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program of the California Energy Commission (CEC), Grant 500-07-042 to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego: Development of probabilistic climate projections for California. DWP also received partial support from the Department of Energy, award DE-SC0002000, to examine future changes in climate model precipitation events, and the International ad-hoc Detection and Attribution (IDAG) project in furtherance of work to examine how daily timescale precipitation events change to accomplish low frequency global climate changes. Partial salary support for TD from the CALFED Bay-Delta Program-funded postdoctoral fellowship grant, and for DRC and MT from the NOAA through the California Nevada Applications Program RISA activity, is also acknowledged. We thank the global modeling groups that contributed data to the CMIP3 archive; without their efforts and generosity in sharing the data, this work would have been impossible. The manuscript was improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers, whom we thank for their contributions. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 65 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 26 IS 16 BP 5879 EP 5896 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00766.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 196FU UT WOS:000322759700009 ER PT J AU Hoy, MS Rodriguez, RJ AF Hoy, Marshal S. Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Intragenomic sequence variation at the ITS1ITS2 region and at the 18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA genes of the New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Hydrobiidae: Mollusca) SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; GEOGRAPHIC PARTHENOGENESIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ITS2-PROXIMAL STEM; RNA; EVOLUTION; TOXICITY; YEAST; SEX AB Molecular genetic analysis was conducted on two populations of the invasive non-native New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), one from a freshwater ecosystem in Devils Lake (Oregon, USA) and the other from an ecosystem of higher salinity in the Columbia River estuary (Hammond Harbor, Oregon, USA). To elucidate potential genetic differences between the two populations, three segments of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the ITS1-ITS2 regions and the 18S and 28S rDNA genes were cloned and sequenced. Variant sequences within each individual were found in all three rDNA segments. Folding models were utilized for secondary structure analysis and results indicated that there were many sequences which contained structure-altering polymorphisms, which suggests they could be nonfunctional pseudogenes. In addition, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used for hierarchical analysis of genetic variance to estimate variation within and among populations and within individuals. AMOVA revealed significant variation in the ITS region between the populations and among clones within individuals, while in the 5.8S rDNA significant variation was revealed among individuals within the two populations. High levels of intragenomic variation were found in the ITS regions, which are known to be highly variable in many organisms. More interestingly, intragenomic variation was also found in the 18S and 28S rDNA, which has rarely been observed in animals and is so far unreported in Mollusca. We postulate that in these P. antipodarum populations the effects of concerted evolution are diminished due to the fact that not all of the rDNA genes in their polyploid genome should be essential for sustaining cellular function. This could lead to a lessening of selection pressures, allowing mutations to accumulate in some copies, changing them into variant sequences. C1 [Hoy, Marshal S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Symbiogenics, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hoy, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. EM mhoy@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX We thank Bruce Boese, Louise Taylor and Deborah Reusser for snail collection and collaboration on New Zealand mud snail projects. We would also like to thank Carl Ostberg for constructive input. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 79 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyt016 PN 3 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 191JD UT WOS:000322408300002 ER PT J AU Krider, LA Magner, JA Perry, J Vondracek, B Ferrington, LC AF Krider, Lori A. Magner, Joseph A. Perry, Jim Vondracek, Bruce Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr. TI AIR-WATER TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TROUT STREAMS OF SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S CARBONATE-SANDSTONE LANDSCAPE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE karst hydrology; surface water; groundwater interactions; linear regression models; climate change; variability; rivers; streams; land management ID QUALITY; USA AB Carbonate-sandstone geology in southeastern Minnesota creates a heterogeneous landscape of springs, seeps, and sinkholes that supply groundwater into streams. Air temperatures are effective predictors of water temperature in surface-water dominated streams. However, no published work investigates the relationship between air and water temperatures in groundwater-fed streams (GWFS) across watersheds. We used simple linear regressions to examine weekly air-water temperature relationships for 40 GWFS in southeastern Minnesota. A 40-stream, composite linear regression model has a slope of 0.38, an intercept of 6.63, and R-2 of 0.83. The regression models for GWFS have lower slopes and higher intercepts in comparison to surface-water dominated streams. Regression models for streams with high R-2 values offer promise for use as predictive tools for future climate conditions. Climate change is expected to alter the thermal regime of groundwater-fed systems, but will do so at a slower rate than surface-water dominated systems. A regression model of intercept vs. slope can be used to identify streams for which water temperatures are more meteorologically than groundwater controlled, and thus more vulnerable to climate change. Such relationships can be used to guide restoration vs. management strategies to protect trout streams. C1 [Krider, Lori A.; Magner, Joseph A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Perry, Jim] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ferrington, Leonard C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Krider, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM krid0006@umn.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We would like to thank the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources for administering Minnesota Environment and Natural Resource Trust Funds used for this research and to Mark Ebbers and Vaughn Snook (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources), Toby Dogwiler (Southeastern Minnesota Water Resource Science Center at Winona State University), and David Huff, formerly with the University of Minnesota Conservation Biology Program. We also thank Petra Kranzfelder, William French, Jane Mazack, and Patrick Sherman with the University of Minnesota's Stenotherm Research Group for feedback throughout the duration of this project. The Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 896 EP 907 DI 10.1111/jawr.12046 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 193RZ UT WOS:000322580500012 ER PT J AU Graves, TA Beier, P Royle, JA AF Graves, Tabitha A. Beier, Paul Royle, J. Andrew TI Current approaches using genetic distances produce poor estimates of landscape resistance to interindividual dispersal SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE causal modelling; connectivity; dispersal landscape genetics; Mantel test; resistance ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; CIRCUIT-THEORY; MANTEL TEST; FLOW; CONNECTIVITY; DIFFERENTIATION; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; MODEL AB Landscape resistance reflects how difficult it is for genes to move across an area with particular attributes (e.g. land cover, slope). An increasingly popular approach to estimate resistance uses Mantel and partial Mantel tests or causal modelling to relate observed genetic distances to effective distances under alternative sets of resistance parameters. Relatively few alternative sets of resistance parameters are tested, leading to relatively poor coverage of the parameter space. Although this approach does not explicitly model key stochastic processes of gene flow, including mating, dispersal, drift and inheritance, bias and precision of the resulting resistance parameters have not been assessed. We formally describe the most commonly used model as a set of equations and provide a formal approach for estimating resistance parameters. Our optimization finds the maximum Mantel r when an optimum exists and identifies the same resistance values as current approaches when the alternatives evaluated are near the optimum. Unfortunately, even where an optimum existed, estimates from the most commonly used model were imprecise and were typically much smaller than the simulated true resistance to dispersal. Causal modelling using Mantel significance tests also typically failed to support the true resistance to dispersal values. For a large range of scenarios, current approaches using a simple correlational model between genetic and effective distances do not yield accurate estimates of resistance to dispersal. We suggest that analysts consider the processes important to gene flow for their study species, model those processes explicitly and evaluate the quality of estimates resulting from their model. C1 [Graves, Tabitha A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Graves, TA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, 201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM tabgra@yahoo.com RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013; OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU NSF DEB [0919239]; David H. Smith Conservation Research Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF-IGERT; NAU School of Forestry; Hafen German scholarship; Prather German scholarship; Krimminger German scholarship; David-German scholarship FX We thank Jason Wilder, Mike Schwartz, Sam Cushman, Tzeidle Wasserman and Erin Landguth for useful discussions on the strength and weaknesses of Mantel r correlations and simulation parameters that might influence results. We also thank Mevin Hooten for discussions about model mis-specification. This work was funded by NSF DEB grant # 0919239 and finished primarily while Tabitha was a PEO and an AAUW Scholar at Northern Arizona University. Currently Tabitha is supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Postdoctoral Fellowship. She thanks NSF-IGERT, NAU School of Forestry, and the Hafen, Prather, Krimminger and David-German scholarships for support. We also thank Erin Landguth and the reviewers for comments that greatly improved the clarity of this work. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 22 IS 15 BP 3888 EP 3903 DI 10.1111/mec.12348 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 188XA UT WOS:000322229800004 PM 23786212 ER PT J AU Dmitrieva, K Hotovec-Ellis, AJ Prejean, S Dunham, EM AF Dmitrieva, Ksenia Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J. Prejean, Stephanie Dunham, Eric M. TI Frictional-faulting model for harmonic tremor before Redoubt Volcano eruptions SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGMA; EARTHQUAKES; MONTSERRAT; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS AB Seismic unrest, indicative of subsurface magma transport and pressure changes within fluid-filled cracks and conduits, often precedes volcanic eruptions(1-3). An intriguing form of volcano seismicity is harmonic tremor, that is, sustained vibrations in the range of 0.5-5 Hz. Many source processes can generate harmonic tremor(4-10). Harmonic tremor in the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, has been linked to repeating earthquakes of magnitudes around 0.5-1.5 that occur a few kilometres beneath the vent(11). Before many explosions in that eruption, these small earthquakes occurred in such rapid succession-up to 30 events per second-that distinct seismic wave arrivals blurred into continuous, high-frequency tremor. Tremor abruptly ceased about 30 s before the explosions(11). Here we introduce a frictional-faulting model to evaluate the credibility and implications of this tremor mechanism. We find that the fault stressing rates rise to values ten orders of magnitude higher than in typical tectonic settings. At that point, inertial effects stabilize fault sliding and the earthquakes cease. Our model of the Redoubt Volcano observations implies that the onset of volcanic explosions is preceded by active deformation and extreme stressing within a localized region of the volcano conduit, at a depth of several kilometres. C1 [Dmitrieva, Ksenia; Dunham, Eric M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Prejean, Stephanie] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Dunham, Eric M.] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dmitrieva, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dmitrieva@stanford.edu OI Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205 FU NSF [EAR-1114073] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. EAR-1114073. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 6 IS 8 BP 652 EP 656 DI 10.1038/NGEO1879 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 191VK UT WOS:000322441900018 ER PT J AU Warner, NR Kresse, TM Hays, PD Down, A Karr, JD Jackson, RB Vengosh, A AF Warner, Nathaniel R. Kresse, Timothy M. Hays, Phillip D. Down, Adrian Karr, Jonathan D. Jackson, Robert B. Vengosh, Avner TI Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHANE CONTAMINATION; CONFINED AQUIFER; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; NATURAL-GAS; WATER; CARBON; HYDROGEN; CANADA; BASIN; BORON AB Exploration of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable shale basins through the use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has changed the energy landscape in the USA providing a vast new energy source. The accelerated production of natural gas has triggered a debate concerning the safety and possible environmental impacts of these operations. This study investigates one of the critical aspects of the environmental effects; the possible degradation of water quality in shallow aquifers overlying producing shale formations. The geochemistry of domestic groundwater wells was investigated in aquifers overlying the Fayetteville Shale in north-central Arkansas, where approximately 4000 wells have been drilled since 2004 to extract unconventional natural gas. Monitoring was performed on 127 drinking water wells and the geochemistry of major ions, trace metals, CH4 gas content and its C isotopes (delta C-13(CH4)), and select isotope tracers (delta B-11, Sr-87/Sr-86, delta H-2, delta O-18, delta C-13(DIC)) compared to the composition of flowback-water samples directly from Fayetteville Shale gas wells. Dissolved CH4 was detected in 63% of the drinking-water wells (32 of 51 samples), but only six wells exceeded concentrations of 0.5 mg CH4/L. The delta C-13(CH4) of dissolved CH4 ranged from -42.3 parts per thousand to -74.7 parts per thousand, with the most negative values characteristic of a biogenic source also associated with the highest observed CH4 concentrations, with a possible minor contribution of trace amounts of thermogenic CH4. The majority of these values are distinct from the reported thermogenic composition of the Fayetteville Shale gas (delta C-13(CH4) = -35.4 parts per thousand to -41.9 parts per thousand). Based on major element chemistry, four shallow groundwater types were identified: (1) low (<100 mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) TDS > 100 mg/L and Ca-HCO3 dominated, (3) TDS > 100 mg/L and Na-HCO3 dominated, and (4) slightly saline groundwater with TDS > 100 mg/L and Cl > 20 mg/L with elevated Br/Cl ratios (>0.001). The Sr (Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7097-0.7166), C (delta C-13(DIC) = -21.3 parts per thousand to -4.7 parts per thousand), and B (delta B-11 = 3.9-32.9 parts per thousand) isotopes clearly reflect water-rock interactions within the aquifer rocks, while the stable O and H isotopic composition mimics the local meteoric water composition. Overall, there was a geochemical gradient from low-mineralized recharge water to more evolved Ca-HCO3, and higher-mineralized Na-HCO3 composition generated by a combination of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and reverse base-exchange reactions. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk shallow groundwater samples were distinct from the Na-Cl type Fayetteville flowback/produced waters (TDS similar to 10,000-20,000 mg/L). Yet, the high Br/Cl variations in a small subset of saline shallow groundwater suggest that they were derived from dilution of saline water similar to the brine in the Fayetteville Shale. Nonetheless, no spatial relationship was found between CH4 and salinity occurrences in shallow drinking water wells with proximity to shale-gas drilling sites. The integration of multiple geochemical and isotopic proxies shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction from the Fayetteville Shale. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Warner, Nathaniel R.; Down, Adrian; Jackson, Robert B.; Vengosh, Avner] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kresse, Timothy M.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Hays, Phillip D.] US Geol Survey, Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Karr, Jonathan D.] Duke Univ, Duke Environm Stable Isotope Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM vengosh@duke.edu OI Hays, Phillip/0000-0001-5491-9272 FU Nicholas School of the Environment; Center on Global Change at Duke University; Fred and Alice Stanback FX Funding for this study was provided by the Nicholas School of the Environment and the Center on Global Change at Duke University and by funding to the Nicholas School from Fred and Alice Stanback. Field sampling activities were funded by Shirley Community Development Corporation and Faulkner County, Arkansas. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 217 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 35 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 186SR UT WOS:000322065800021 ER PT J AU Karwowski, M Plumlee, GS Law, T Kellogg, M Woolf, AD AF Karwowski, Mateusz Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Law, Terrence Kellogg, Mark Woolf, Alan D. TI Malaysian diaper powder as a source of elevated blood lead SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Lead; Pediatric; Environmental C1 [Karwowski, Mateusz; Law, Terrence; Kellogg, Mark; Woolf, Alan D.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Plumlee, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 51 IS 7 MA 155 BP 644 EP 645 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 188PH UT WOS:000322204400165 ER PT J AU Lehnen, SE Krementz, DG AF Lehnen, Sarah E. Krementz, David G. TI Use of Aquaculture Ponds and Other Habitats by Autumn Migrating Shorebirds Along the Lower Mississippi River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agricultural wetlands; Aquaculture; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; Migration; Shorebirds ID MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; STOPOVER; WETLANDS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; NUMBERS; VALLEY; MODEL AB Populations of many shorebird species are declining; habitat loss and degradation are among the leading causes for these declines. Shorebirds use a variety of habitats along interior migratory routes including managed moist soil units, natural wetlands, sandbars, and agricultural lands such as harvested rice fields. Less well known is shorebird use of freshwater aquaculture facilities, such as commercial cat- and crayfish ponds. We compared shorebird habitat use at drained aquaculture ponds, moist soil units, agricultural areas, sandbars and other natural habitat, and a sewage treatment facility in the in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) during autumn 2009. Six species: Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), Pectoral Sandpiper (C. melanotos), Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes), accounted for 92 % of the 31,165 individuals observed. Sewage settling lagoons (83.4, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.3-141.5 birds/ha), drained aquaculture ponds (33.5, 95 % CI 22.4-44.6 birds/ha), and managed moist soil units on public lands (15.7, CI 11.2-20.3 birds/ha) had the highest estimated densities of shorebirds. The estimated 1,100 ha of drained aquaculture ponds available during autumn 2009 provided over half of the estimated requirement of 2,000 ha by the LMAV Joint Venture working group. However, because of the decline in the aquaculture industry, autumn shorebird habitats in the LMAV may be limited in the near future. Recognition of the current aquaculture habitat trends will be important to the future management activities of federal and state agencies. Should these aquaculture habitat trends continue, there may be a need for wildlife biologists to investigate other habitats that can be managed to offset the current and expected loss of aquaculture acreages. This study illustrates the potential for freshwater aquaculture to provide habitat for a taxa at risk. With the rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide, the practices of this industry deserve attention to identify benefits as well as risks to wildlife. C1 [Lehnen, Sarah E.; Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Krementz, David G.] 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), 1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sarah.lehnen@gmail.com; krementz@uark.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX D. Bosler assisted with data collection. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks assisted with logistics. Cooperation for granting land access and locating survey sites was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Bald Knob, Coldwater River, St. Catherine Creek, and Yazoo National Wildlife Refuges. We thank J. Jorgensen and S. Matthews for comments on the study design. S. Allison, D. Hayden, L. Lewis, D. Linden, B. Rosamond, B. Strader, C. Swanson, T. Vidrine, R. Vinson, and J. Wilson provided assistance with site access during 2009. J. Collazo, S. Skagen, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, website, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00267-013-0087-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184TU UT WOS:000321917200009 PM 23733250 ER PT J AU Kelkar, S Srinivasan, G Robinson, BA Roback, R Viswanathan, H Rehfeldt, K Tucci, P AF Kelkar, S. Srinivasan, G. Robinson, B. A. Roback, R. Viswanathan, H. Rehfeldt, K. Tucci, P. TI Breakthrough of contaminant plumes in saturated volcanic rock: implications from the Yucca Mountain site SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Review DE contaminant transport; fractured rock; plumes; saturated zone; transverse dispersion ID RIVER PLAIN AQUIFER; FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION; TRANSVERSE DISPERSION; ZONE; MODEL; FLOW; SORPTION AB This manuscript addresses the topic of transverse dispersion and its impact on the behavior of the saturated zone below Yucca Mountain, a site that had been proposed for a US nuclear waste repository. Guided by a review of relevant observations of dispersion in similar formations, this study evaluates the importance of uncertainty in dispersion, particularly dispersion transverse to the mean transport direction, on metrics of interest to the Yucca Mountain risk assessment. Although as expected, larger values of transverse dispersivity lead to greater spreading of the plume in directions orthogonal to the mean flow direction, a corresponding sensitivity is not observed to the travel time statistics of the breakthrough curve at the compliance boundary. Thus, when a risk assessment is based on contaminant mass flux at compliance well or 'fence line' downstream from the source, as in the Yucca Mountain case, transverse dispersion may be of secondary importance to other parameters that more directly impact travel times. This result is in contrast to systems in which reactive transport processes are important to the attenuation of the plume, in which case transverse dispersion and mixing may be expected to play a dominant role in controlling the reaction rates and contaminant concentrations in the plume. C1 [Kelkar, S.; Srinivasan, G.; Robinson, B. A.; Roback, R.; Viswanathan, H.; Rehfeldt, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tucci, P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelkar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T003,EES 16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kelkar@lanl.gov OI Roback, Robert/0000-0003-2748-1580 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AI28-02RW12167] FX This manuscript has been authored by Los Alamos National Laboratory, under contract to Sandia National Laboratories under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with the US Department of Energy, and the United States Geological Survey, under interagency agreement number DE-AI28-02RW12167 with the US Department of Energy. The statements expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Additionally, Gary LeCain of the US Geological Survey participated in this study by reviewing the literature and summarizing the results for several of the sites included in the study, and Bill Arnold of Sandia National Laboratories provided the authors with insights on the performance assessment studies for Yucca Mountain. The authors would also like to acknowledge the efforts of the anonymous reviewers, whose editorial and substantive comments greatly improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1111/gfl.12035 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 187ZI UT WOS:000322160100001 ER PT J AU Peron, G Koons, DN AF Peron, Guillaume Koons, David N. TI Intra-guild interactions and projected impact of climate and land use changes on North American pochard ducks SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Community structure; Extinction risk; Nest parasitism; Population viability analysis; Stage-structured model ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOLOGY; VARIABILITY; MAINTENANCE; COMPETITION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HYPOTHESIS; PARASITISM AB The co-occurrence of functionally similar species is very common in nature, and is often put forward as a basis for ecosystem resilience to disturbance. At the same time, competition between similar species is also considered a strong driver of community composition. However, environmental stochasticity can alter this prediction, either because competitive abilities depend on time-varying factors or because covariance in species' responses to environmental conditions masks the effect of competition. Interactions other than competition can also influence community dynamics but have received less attention. We used a simplified community of two sympatric duck species (redhead Aythya americana and canvasback A. valisineria) and a previously published analysis of 50 years of demographic data to parameterize a stochastic, density-dependent, stage-structured model. These ducks interact via nest parasitism (mostly of canvasback by redhead) in addition to competition for food resources, with consequences at the demographic level; these interactions are modulated by habitat availability (number of ponds in the study landscape). We found that if habitat availability decreased there was a high risk of quasi-extinction, and redheads, although initially able to maintain their numerical dominance, quickly became the least abundant species because they perform worse during droughts. If habitat availability increased, we found that the initially more rare canvasback would increase in relative abundance, albeit slowly. We interpret this as a shift from a community influenced by nest parasitism (which is detrimental to canvasback) to a community mostly driven by species-specific dynamics due to relaxation of resource limitation. C1 [Peron, Guillaume; Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peron, Guillaume] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Koons, David N.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 FU S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Foundation FX We are grateful to all the people involved in data collection and management. We thank the P. Adler laboratory for comments on an earlier draft, as well as three anonymous reviewers. G. P. was supported by an S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Foundation post-doctoral fellowship. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2013 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2571-x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188GF UT WOS:000322180000023 PM 23322386 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Dahal, D Singh, R Liu, HP Young, C Liu, SG AF Huang, Shengli Dahal, Devendra Singh, Ramesh Liu, Heping Young, Claudia Liu, Shuguang TI Spatially explicit surface energy budget and partitioning with remote sensing and flux measurements in a boreal region of Interior Alaska SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; SOLAR-RADIATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; NET-RADIATION; FIRE; BALANCE; CARBON; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE; FEEDBACKS AB Extrapolating energy fluxes between the ground surface and the atmospheric boundary layer from point-based measurements to spatially explicit landscape estimation is critical to understand and quantify the energy balance components and exchanges in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. This information is difficult to quantify and are often lacking. Using a Landsat image (acquired on 5 August 2004), the flux measurements from three eddy covariance flux towers (a 1987 burn, a 1999 burn, and an unburned control site) and a customized satellite-based surface energy balance model of Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC), we estimated net radiation, sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), and soil heat flux (G) for the boreal Yukon River Basin of Interior Alaska. The model requires user selection of two extreme conditions present within the image area to calibrate and anchor the sensible flux output. One is the "hot" condition which refers to a bare soil condition with specified residual evaporation rates. Another one is the "cold" condition which refers to a fully transpiring vegetation such as full-cover agricultural crops. We selected one bare field as the "hot" condition while we explored three different scenarios for the "cold" pixel because of the absence of larger expanses of agricultural fields within the image area. For this application over boreal forest, selecting agricultural fields whose evapotranspiration was assumed to be 1.05 times the alfalfa-based reference evapotranspiration as the "cold" pixel could result in large errors. Selecting an unburned flux tower site as the "cold" pixel could achieve acceptable results, but uncertainties remain about the energy balance closure of the flux towers. We found that METRIC performs reasonably well in partitioning energy fluxes in a boreal landscape. C1 [Huang, Shengli; Singh, Ramesh] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Heping] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Young, Claudia] Earth Resources Technol ERT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov OI Singh, Ramesh/0000-0002-8164-3483 FU US Geological Survey FX This work was supported by US Geological Survey Climate and Land Use, Research and Development, and Climate Effect Network programs. The authors greatly thank Dr. James Randerson at University of California for providing the flux tower data and Norman Bliss for checking soil database. The authors also thank Stefanie Bohms and Dr. Jeppe Kjaersgaard for reviewing the manuscript and Thomas Adamson for revising the English. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s00704-012-0806-8 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187YO UT WOS:000322157800013 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ AF Twedt, Daniel J. TI Foraging Habitat for Shorebirds in Southeastern Missouri and its Predicted Future Availability SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Digital elevation model; Flood control; Floodwater; Foraging, Habitat quality; Mudflat; Shorebird habitat; Temporal availability ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; LAND-COVER DATABASE; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MANAGED WETLANDS; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION AB Water management to protect agriculture in alluvial floodplains often conflicts with wildlife use of seasonal floodwater. Such is the case along the Mississippi River in southeastern Missouri where migrating shorebirds forage in shallow-flooded fields. I estimated the current availability of habitat for foraging shorebirds within the New Madrid and St. Johns Basins based on daily river elevations (1943-2009), under assumptions that shorebirds forage in open habitat with water depth < 15 cm and use mudflats for 3 days after exposure. The area of shorebird foraging habitat, based on replicated 50-year random samples, averaged 975 ha per day during spring and 33 ha per day during fall. Adjustments to account for habitat quality associated with different water depths, duration of mudflat exposure, intra-seasonal availability, and state of agricultural crops, indicated the equivalent of 494 ha daily of optimal habitat during spring and 11 ha during fall. Proposed levees and pumps to protect cropland would reduce shorebird foraging habitat by 80 %: to 211 ha (108 optimal ha) per day during spring and 9 ha (< 3 optimal ha) per day during fall. Alternative water management that allows natural flooding below a prescribed elevation would retain nearly all existing shorebird foraging habitat during fall and about 60 % of extant habitat during spring. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 South Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dtwedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU Memphis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX I thank A. S. Keister and J. M. Tirpak, Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for assistance with development of methods and geographic implementation. Funding for this assessment was provided by Memphis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with project specific elevation data and hydrological projections provided by K. R. Piggot, J. M. Koontz, and B. J. Bruchman. Reviews by A. B. Elliot, S. K. McKnight, R. M. Erwin, and E. B. Webb improved the study design and a joint review by R. Stiehl, C. Davis, S. Dinsmore, and S. Wdowinski improved this model and manuscript. Reference to commercial products or tradenames does not imply U.S. Government endorsement. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 667 EP 678 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0422-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186DT UT WOS:000322022900009 ER PT J AU Nadeau, CP Conway, CJ Piest, L Burger, WP AF Nadeau, Christopher P. Conway, Courtney J. Piest, Linden Burger, William P. TI Multi-Species Call-Broadcast Improved Detection of Endangered Yuma Clapper Rail Compared to Single-Species Call-Broadcast SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Call-broadcast; Monitoring; Multi-species monitoring; Marsh bird; Population ID AFFECTING DETECTION PROBABILITY; MARSH BIRDS; PROTOCOL AB Broadcasting calls of marsh birds during point-count surveys increases their detection probability and decreases variation in the number of birds detected across replicate surveys. However, multi-species monitoring using call-broadcast may reduce these benefits if birds are reluctant to call once they hear broadcasted calls of other species. We compared a protocol that uses call-broadcast for only one species (Yuma clapper rail [Rallus longirostris yumanensis]) to a protocol that uses call-broadcast for multiple species. We detected more of each of the following species using the multi-species protocol: 25 % more pied-billed grebes, 160 % more American bitterns, 52 % more least bitterns, 388 % more California black rails, 12 % more Yuma clapper rails, 156 % more Virginia rails, 214 % more soras, and 19 % more common gallinules. Moreover, the coefficient of variation was smaller when using the multi-species protocol: 10 % smaller for pied-billed grebes, 38 % smaller for American bitterns, 19 % smaller for least bitterns, 55 % smaller for California black rails, 5 % smaller for Yuma clapper rails, 38 % smaller for Virginia rails, 44 % smaller for soras, and 8 % smaller for common gallinules. Our results suggest that multi-species monitoring approaches may be more effective and more efficient than single-species approaches even when using call-broadcast. C1 [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, USGS Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Piest, Linden] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. [Burger, William P.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Mesa, AZ 85207 USA. [Nadeau, Christopher P.] Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nadeau, CP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 111 Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cpn28@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 699 EP 706 DI 10.1007/s13157-013-0425-x PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186DT UT WOS:000322022900012 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Ballesteros, E Beets, J Berkenpas, E Gaymer, CF Gorny, M Sala, E AF Friedlander, Alan M. Ballesteros, Enric Beets, Jim Berkenpas, Eric Gaymer, Carlos F. Gorny, Matthias Sala, Enric TI Effects of isolation and fishing on the marine ecosystems of Easter Island and Salas y Gomez, Chile SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE coral; biodiversity; no-take marine reserve; algae; fish; fishing ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; REEF FISHES; SUBMARINE RIDGES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CENTRAL PACIFIC; CORAL-REEFS; RAPA-NUI; NAZCA; CONSERVATION AB 1. An expedition to Salas y Gomez and Easter islands was conducted to develop a comprehensive baseline of the nearshore marine ecosystem, to survey seamounts of the recently created Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP) - a no-take marine reserve of 150 000km(2) - and to compare these results with Easter Island where the marine ecosystem is similar but has no marine protection. 2. Live coral cover was surprisingly high at both Easter Island (53%) and Salas y Gomez (44%), especially considering their sub-tropical location, high wave energy environments, and geographic isolation. 3. Endemic and regionally-endemic species comprised 77% of the fish abundance at Easter Island and 73% at Salas y Gomez. Fish biomass at Salas y Gomez was relatively high (1.2tha(-1)) and included a large proportion of apex predators (43%), whereas at Easter Island it was almost three times lower (0.45tha(-1)) with large predators accounting for less than 2% of the biomass, despite good habitat quality. 4. The large cohort of small sharks and the absence of larger sharks at Salas y Gomez suggest mesopredator release consistent with recent shark fishing. The fish fauna at the seamounts between Easter Island and Salas y Gomez, outside of MMHMP, harboured 46% endemic species, including a new species of damselfish (Chromis sp. nov.) and probably a new species of Chimaera (Hydrolagus). Numerous seamounts adjacent to Salas y Gomez are currently not included in the MMHMP. 5. This expedition highlights the high biodiversity value of this remote part of the Pacific owing to the uniqueness (endemicity) of the fauna, large apex predator biomass, and geographic isolation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ballesteros, Enric; Sala, Enric] Blanes CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Madrid, Spain. [Beets, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Berkenpas, Eric; Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Gaymer, Carlos F.] Univ Catolica Norte, Santiago, Chile. [Gaymer, Carlos F.] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Santiago, Chile. [Gaymer, Carlos F.] Inst Ecol & Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile. [Gorny, Matthias] Oceana South Amer, Santiago, Chile. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM alan.friedlander@hawaii.edu FU Subsecretaria de Pesca; Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada de Chile (SHOA); National Geographic Society; Waitt Foundation; Oceana Chile FX This expedition would not have been possible without the assistance of the Chilean Navy under Admiral Edmundo Gonzalez, Comandante Andres Rodrigo, and the offices and crew of the OPV Comandante Toro. Thanks to the Subsecretaria de Pesca and the Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada de Chile (SHOA) for support and for providing research permits. We are also grateful to the Comision de Intereses Maritimos, Pesca y Acuicultura del Senado de Chile, the Commission's Chair Senador Antonio Horvath, the Ministerio de Defensa de Chile, Diputado Enrique Acorssi, the Mayor of Easter Island, the Governor of Easter Island, the Corporacion Nacional Forestal de Chile (CONAF), ORCA, Edmundo Edwards, Henri Garcia, Michel Garcia, Ximena Munoz, Fundacion Pumalin, Alex Munoz and the support teams of Oceana and National Geographic. This expedition was funded by National Geographic Society, the Waitt Foundation, and Oceana Chile. NR 66 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 23 IS 4 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1002/aqc.2333 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 183MX UT WOS:000321821300006 ER PT J AU Simon, TP Morris, CC Sparks, DW AF Simon, Thomas P. Morris, Charles C. Sparks, Daniel W. TI Patterns in Stream Fish Assemblage Structure and Function Associated With a PCB Gradient SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS LINNAEUS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REFERENCE SITES; FATHEAD MINNOW; RIVER-BASIN; COMMUNITIES; REPRODUCTION; HABITAT; INDEX AB Stream fish assemblage structure and function were examined for significant response along a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) gradient from two PCB-contaminated streams (Clear Creek and Richland Creek watershed) at three locations and a control stream (Little Indian Creek), Indiana, USA. Fish were sampled in the summer months of 1995 and from 1999 to 2002. 51 fish assemblage attributes-including structure (i.e., fish composition) and function (i.e., trophic, reproductive, condition guilds), biomass, and index of biotic integrity (IBI) metric scores-were evaluated for significance according to an increasing PCB gradient. Eight biomass attributes of fish assemblages decreased with increasing PCB concentration: number of species biomass, number of sunfish biomass, percent sunfish biomass, number of sucker biomass, percent sucker biomass, biomass of sensitive species, percent sensitive species biomass, and percent carnivore biomass. Three biomass attributes increased with PCB concentration: percent minnow biomass, percent pioneer species biomass, and percent tolerant species biomass. Seven species composition and relative abundance characters decreased with increasing PCB concentration: number of species; number of darter, madtom, and sculpin; number of darter; number of sunfish; number of sucker; number of sensitive species; and percent individuals as carnivores. Percent individuals as pioneer species increased with increasing PCB concentration. Two IBI metrics, percent individuals as headwater species and number of minnow species, increased as PCB concentrations increased, whereas number of sucker species and percent individuals as pioneer species decreased with increasing PCB concentration class. We observed a direct response between decreased relative abundance and biomass of carnivores and increased relative abundance minnows as the PCB gradient increased. Total IBI score did not detect subtle changes to the fish community that were observed along a PCB gradient, whereas diagnostic analysis of the individual metrics did. C1 [Simon, Thomas P.; Sparks, Daniel W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Simon, Thomas P.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Morris, Charles C.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Morris, Charles C.] Indiana Dunes Natl Lakeshore, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 South Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. EM tsimon@indiana.edu OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 FU USFWS Environmental Contaminants program FX This document is intended for the exchange of objective information. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Statements or points of view made in this technical manuscript do not necessarily represent the position of the USFWS. We thank J. Exl, M. Tosick, and M. Litwin for assistance with field collections. This work was funded by the USFWS Environmental Contaminants program. Statements or points of view do not necessarily represent the position of the USFWS or the National Park Service. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 286 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s00244-013-9889-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 183AI UT WOS:000321785600013 PM 23604193 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Stapanian, MA Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP AF Madenjian, C. P. Stapanian, M. A. Rediske, R. R. O'Keefe, J. P. TI Sex Difference in Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations of Burbot Lota lota From Lake Erie SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; FISH; POPULATION; BIOENERGETICS; MICHIGAN; WALLEYE; MODEL; AGE AB Whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined for 25 female and 25 male burbot Lota lota from Lake Erie. Bioenergetics modeling was used to investigate whether the sex difference in growth rate resulted in a difference in gross growth efficiency (GGE) between the sexes. For ages 6-13 years, male burbot averaged 28 % greater PCB concentrations than female burbot. The sex difference in PCB concentrations widened for ages 14-17 years, with male burbot having, on average, 71 % greater PCB concentrations than female burbot. Bioenergetics modeling results showed that the faster growth rate exhibited by female burbot did not lead to greater GGE in female individuals of the younger burbot and that the faster growth by female fish led to female GGE being only 2 % greater than male GGE in older burbot. Although our bioenergetics modeling could not explain the observed sex difference in PCB concentrations, we concluded that a sex difference in GGE was the most plausible explanation for the sex difference in PCB concentrations of burbot ages 6-13 years. Not only are male fish likely to be more active than female fish, but the resting metabolic rate of male fish may be greater than that of female fish. We also concluded that the widening of the sex difference in PCB concentrations for the older burbot may be due to many of the older male burbot spending a substantial amount of time in the vicinity of mouths of rivers contaminated with PCBs. C1 [Madenjian, C. P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Stapanian, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Rediske, R. R.; O'Keefe, J. P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 300 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s00244-013-9901-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 183AI UT WOS:000321785600014 PM 23591764 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Linder, G Otton, JK Finger, SE Little, E Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Linder, Greg Otton, James K. Finger, Susan E. Little, Edward Tillitt, Donald E. TI Derivation of Soil-Screening Thresholds to Protect the Chisel-Toothed Kangaroo Rat from Uranium Mine Waste in Northern Arizona SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCESS DIETARY COPPER; UNCERTAINTY FACTORS; FISCHER-344 RATS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; ZINC; MAMMALS; LIVER; WILDLIFE AB Chemical data from soil and weathered waste material samples collected from five uranium mines north of the Grand Canyon (three reclaimed, one mined but not reclaimed, and one never mined) were used in a screening-level risk analysis for the Arizona chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps leucotis); risks from radiation exposure were not evaluated. Dietary toxicity reference values were used to estimate soil-screening thresholds presenting risk to kangaroo rats. Sensitivity analyses indicated that body weight critically affected outcomes of exposed-dose calculations; juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. Species-specific soil-screening thresholds were derived for arsenic (137 mg/kg), cadmium (16 mg/kg), copper (1,461 mg/kg), lead (1,143 mg/kg), nickel (771 mg/kg), thallium (1.3 mg/kg), uranium (1,513 mg/kg), and zinc (731 mg/kg) using toxicity reference values that incorporate expected chronic field exposures. Inorganic contaminants in soils within and near the mine areas generally posed minimal risk to kangaroo rats. Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Linder, Greg; Finger, Susan E.; Little, Edward; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Otton, James K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 65 IS 2 BP 332 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 183AI UT WOS:000321785600017 PM 23604138 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA AF Hodgkins, Glenn A. TI The importance of record length in estimating the magnitude of climatic changes: an example using 175 years of lake ice-out dates in New England SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; LOW FLOWS; BREAK-UP; TEMPERATURE; PHENOLOGY; COVER AB Many studies have shown that lake ice-out (break-up) dates in the Northern Hemisphere are useful indicators of late winter/early spring climate change. Trends in lake ice-out dates in New England, USA, were analyzed for 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 year periods ending in 2008. More than 100 years of ice-out data were available for 19 of the 28 lakes in this study. The magnitude of trends over time depends on the length of the period considered. For the recent 25-year period, there was a mix of earlier and later ice-out dates. Lake ice-outs during the last 50 years became earlier by 1.8 days/decade (median change for all lakes with adequate data). This is a much higher rate than for longer historical periods; ice-outs became earlier by 0.6 days/decade during the last 75 years, 0.4 days/decade during the last 100 years, and 0.6 days/decade during the last 125 years. The significance of trends was assessed under the assumption of serial independence of historical ice-out dates and under the assumption of short and long term persistence. Hypolimnion dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are an important factor in lake eutrophication and coldwater fish survival. Based on historical data available at three lakes, 32 to 46 % of the interannual variability of late summer hypolimnion DO levels was related to ice-out dates; earlier ice-outs were associated with lower DO levels. C1 US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. EM gahodgki@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2013 VL 119 IS 3-4 BP 705 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0766-8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GO UT WOS:000321955300014 ER PT J AU Brehme, CS Tracey, JA McClenaghan, LR Fisher, RN AF Brehme, Cheryl S. Tracey, Jeff A. McClenaghan, Leroy R. Fisher, Robert N. TI Permeability of Roads to Movement of Scrubland Lizards and Small Mammals SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avoidance; connectivity; conservation planning; habitat fragmentation; heteromyid; reptiles; road ecology; urban ecology ID CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY; HABITAT AB A primary objective of road ecology is to understand and predict how roads affect connectivity of wildlife populations. Road avoidance behavior can fragment populations, whereas lack of road avoidance can result in high mortality due to wildlife-vehicle collisions. Many small animal species focus their activities to particular microhabitats within their larger habitat. We sought to assess how different types of roads affect the movement of small vertebrates and to explore whether responses to roads may be predictable on the basis of animal life history or microhabitat preferences preferences. We tracked the movements of fluorescently marked animals at 24 sites distributed among 3 road types: low-use dirt, low-use secondary paved, and rural 2-lane highway. Most data we collected were on the San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax), cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus), western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), orange-throated whiptail (Aspidoscelis hyperythra), Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans) (dirt, secondary paved), and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) (highway only). San Diego pocket mice and cactus mice moved onto dirt roads but not onto a low-use paved road of similar width or onto the highway, indicating they avoid paved road substrate. Both lizard species moved onto the dirt and secondary paved roads but avoided the rural 2-lane rural highway, indicating they may avoid noise, vibration, or visual disturbance from a steady flow of traffic. Kangaroo rats did not avoid the dirt or secondary paved roads. Overall, dirt and secondary roads were more permeable to species that prefer to forage or bask in open areas of their habitat, rather than under the cover of rocks or shrubs. However, all study species avoided the rural 2-lane highway. Our results suggest that microhabitat use preferences and road substrate help predict species responses to low-use roads, but roads with heavy traffic may deter movement of a much wider range of small animal species. C1 [Brehme, Cheryl S.; Tracey, Jeff A.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [McClenaghan, Leroy R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Brehme, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM cbrehme@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 9 U2 132 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 710 EP 720 DI 10.1111/cobi.12081 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185PB UT WOS:000321980800009 PM 23772966 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB King, DI Raudales, R Trubey, R Chandler, C Chavez, VJA AF Chandler, Richard B. King, David I. Raudales, Raul Trubey, Richard Chandler, Carlin Chavez, Victor Julio Arce TI A Small-Scale Land-Sparing Approach to Conserving Biological Diversity in Tropical Agricultural Landscapes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural intensification; agroforestry; integrated open canopy coffee; land sharing; land sparing; shade coffee ID BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; COFFEE PRODUCTION; SHADE COFFEE; FOREST; MEXICO; BIRDS; CERTIFICATION; COUNTRYSIDE; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Two contrasting strategies have been proposed for conserving biological diversity while meeting the increasing demand for agricultural products: land sparing and land sharing production systems. Land sparing involves increasing yield to reduce the amount of land needed for agriculture, whereas land-sharing agricultural practices incorporate elements of native ecosystems into the production system itself. Although the conservation value of these systems has been extensively debated, empirical studies are lacking. We compared bird communities in shade coffee, a widely practiced land-sharing system in which shade trees are maintained within the coffee plantation, with bird communities in a novel, small-scale, land-sparing coffee-production system (integrated open canopy or IOC coffee) in which farmers obtain higher yields under little or no shade while conserving an area of forest equal to the area under cultivation. Species richness and diversity of forest-dependent birds were higher in the IOC coffee farms than in the shade coffee farms, and community composition was more similar between IOC coffee and primary forest than between shade coffee and primary forest. Our study represents the first empirical comparison of well-defined land sparing and land sharing production systems. Because IOC coffee farms can be established by allowing forest to regenerate on degraded land, widespread adoption of this system could lead to substantial increases in forest cover and carbon sequestration without compromising agricultural yield or threatening the livelihoods of traditional small farmers. However, we studied small farms (<5 ha); thus, our results may not generalize to large-scale land-sharing systems. Furthermore, rather than concluding that land sparing is generally superior to land sharing, we suggest that the optimal approach depends on the crop, local climate, and existing land-use patterns. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.; Chandler, Carlin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Raudales, Raul; Trubey, Richard; Chavez, Victor Julio Arce] Univ Massachusetts, Mesoamer Dev Inst, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM rchandler@usgs.gov RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU Migratory Bird Conservation Act grant; U.S. Forest Service's International Programs FX We thank A. Morales and other members of the Cooperativa Montes de Oro for their assistance with site selection, accommodations, and travel. Many farmers in the study area graciously permitted us to work on their property. The Trejos, Gonzalez, Marin, Salas, Zunega, Fonseca, and Salas families were especially generous. S. Beaudreault, C. Orlando-Delgado, M. Gonzalez, J. Aguero, J. Wolfe, N. Hazlet, A. Anderson, J. Wells, and J. Ritterson were excellent field assistants. C. Griffin, P. Houlihan, and J. Rappole provided valuable input. J. Guevara of the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy provided necessary permits. Funding came from a Migratory Bird Conservation Act grant and from the U.S. Forest Service's International Programs. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 12 U2 192 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1111/cobi.12046 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185PB UT WOS:000321980800016 PM 23551570 ER PT J AU Regan, TJ Taylor, BL Thompson, GG Cochrane, JF Ralls, K Runge, MC Merrick, R AF Regan, Tracey J. Taylor, Barbara L. Thompson, Grant G. Cochrane, Jean Fitts Ralls, Katherine Runge, Michael C. Merrick, Richard TI Testing Decision Rules for Categorizing Species' Extinction Risk to Help Develop Quantitative Listing Criteria for the US Endangered Species Act SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; loss functions; performance testing; population viability analysis ID UNCERTAINTY; ADVICE; MODELS AB Lack of guidance for interpreting the definitions of endangered and threatened in the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has resulted in case-by-case decision making leaving the process vulnerable to being considered arbitrary or capricious. Adopting quantitative decision rules would remedy this but requires the agency to specify the relative urgency concerning extinction events over time, cutoff risk values corresponding to different levels of protection, and the importance given to different types of listing errors. We tested the performance of 3 sets of decision rules that use alternative functions for weighting the relative urgency of future extinction events: a threshold rule set, which uses a decision rule of x% probability of extinction over y years; a concave rule set, where the relative importance of future extinction events declines exponentially over time; and a shoulder rule set that uses a sigmoid shape function, where relative importance declines slowly at first and then more rapidly. We obtained decision cutoffs by interviewing several biologists and then emulated the listing process with simulations that covered a range of extinction risks typical of ESA listing decisions. We evaluated performance of the decision rules under different data quantities and qualities on the basis of the relative importance of misclassification errors. Although there was little difference between the performance of alternative decision rules for correct listings, the distribution of misclassifications differed depending on the function used. Misclassifications for the threshold and concave listing criteria resulted in more overprotection errors, particularly as uncertainty increased, whereas errors for the shoulder listing criteria were more symmetrical. We developed and tested the framework for quantitative decision rules for listing species under the U.S. ESA. If policy values can be agreed on, use of this framework would improve the implementation of the ESA by increasing transparency and consistency. C1 [Regan, Tracey J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Regan, Tracey J.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thompson, Grant G.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cochrane, Jean Fitts] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Merrick, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Regan, TJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM tregan@unimelb.edu.au RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Research Council; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX T.J.R. was jointly funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through a fellowship with the National Research Council and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We thank L. Maguire, M. Nammack, T. Ragen, and S. Rumsey for expert advice; and A. Read, P. Boveng, P. Wade, and M. Burgman for their useful comments. We honour the passing of Dr. Dan Goodman who provided software and intellectual stimulation for this project. Dan devoted much of his career to integrating decision theory into conservation biology and his mentoring was very important to several authors of this work. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1111/cobi.12055 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185PB UT WOS:000321980800019 PM 23646933 ER PT J AU Peron, G Hines, JE Nichols, JD Kendall, WL Peters, KA Mizrahi, DS AF Peron, Guillaume Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Kendall, William L. Peters, Kimberly A. Mizrahi, David S. TI Estimation of bird and bat mortality at wind-power farms with superpopulation models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioeconomic models; carcass search; Eastern red bat; Golden eagle; Hoary bat; optimal sampling design; superpopulation; wildlife fatalities; wind power; wind turbines ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; FATALITY; PROBABILITY; TURBINES AB 1. Collision of birds and bats with turbines in utility-scale wind farms is an increasing cause of concern. 2. Carcass counts conducted to quantify the take' of protected species need to be corrected for carcass persistence probability (removal by scavengers and decay) and detection probability (searcher efficiency). These probabilities may vary with time since death, because of intrinsic changes in carcass properties with age and of heterogeneity (preferential removal of easy-to-detect carcasses). 3. In this article, we describe the use of superpopulation capture-recapture models to perform the required corrections to the raw count data. We review how to make such models age specific and how to combine trial experiments with carcass searches in order to accommodate the fact that carcasses are stationary (which affects the detection process). 4. We derive information about optimal sampling design (proportion of the turbines to sample, number of sampling occasions, interval between sampling occasions) and use simulations to illustrate the expected precision of mortality estimates. We analyse data from a small wind farm in New Jersey, in which we find the estimated number of fatalities to be twice the number of carcasses found. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our approach to estimation of wind farm mortality based on data from carcass surveys is flexible and can accommodate a range of different sampling designs and biological hypotheses. Resulting mortality estimates can be used (1) to quantify the required amount of compensation actions, (2) to inform mortality projections for proposed wind development sites and (3) to inform decisions about management of existing wind farms. C1 [Peron, Guillaume] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peron, Guillaume; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, USGS Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peters, Kimberly A.; Mizrahi, David S.] Cape May Bird Observ, New Jersey Audubon Soc, Cape May Court House, NJ 08210 USA. RP Peron, G (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr RI PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 168 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 50 IS 4 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12100 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182RX UT WOS:000321762900010 ER PT J AU Sollmann, R Gardner, B Chandler, RB Shindle, DB Onorato, DP Royle, JA O'Connell, AF AF Sollmann, Rahel Gardner, Beth Chandler, Richard B. Shindle, David B. Onorato, David P. Royle, Jeffrey Andrew O'Connell, Allan F. TI Using multiple data sources provides density estimates for endangered Florida panther SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camera-trapping; mark-resight; population estimation; Puma concolor coryi; spatial capture-recapture; telemetry; unmarked populations ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; POPULATION-DENSITY; HABITAT SELECTION; RECOVERY PLANS; MARK-RECAPTURE; CENTRAL BRAZIL; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE AB 1. To assess recovery of endangered species, reliable information on the size and density of the target population is required. In practice, however, this information has proved hard to acquire, especially for large carnivores that exist at low densities, are cryptic and range widely. Many large carnivore species such as the endangered Florida panther Puma concolor coryi lack clear visual features for individual identification; thus, using standard approaches for estimating population size, such as camera-trapping and capture-recapture modelling, has so far not been possible. 2. We developed a spatial capture-recapture model that requires only a portion of the individuals in the population to be identifiable, using data from two 9-month camera-trapping surveys conducted within the core range of panthers in southwestern Florida. Identity of three radio-collared individuals was known, and we incorporated their telemetry location data into the model to improve parameter estimates. 3. The resulting density estimates of 151 (+/- 081) and 146 (+/- 076) Florida panthers per 100km(2) for each year are the first estimates for this endangered subspecies and are consistent with estimates for other puma subspecies. 4. A simulation study showed that estimates of density may exhibit some positive bias but coverage of the true values by 95% credible intervals was nominal. 5. Synthesis and applications. This approach provides a framework for monitoring the Florida panther - and other species without conspicuous markings - while fully accounting for imperfect detection and varying sampling effort, issues of fundamental importance in the monitoring of wildlife populations. C1 [Sollmann, Rahel; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.; Royle, Jeffrey Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Shindle, David B.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Div Environm Sci, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Onorato, David P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Naples, FL 34114 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. RP Sollmann, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Turner House,Campus Box 7646, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rsollma@ncsu.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; U. S. Geological Survey; North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U. S. Geological Survey for financial support and the North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for assistance with funding administration. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor Paul Lukacs for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. In addition, we thank the citizens of Florida that support panther conservation via the purchase of "Protect the Panther' licence plates. The FWC data used in this project were collected using revenue accrued from the purchase of these plates. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 50 IS 4 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12098 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182RX UT WOS:000321762900016 ER PT J AU Reisner, MD Grace, JB Pyke, DA Doescher, PS AF Reisner, Michael D. Grace, James B. Pyke, David A. Doescher, Paul S. TI Conditions favouring Bromus tectorum dominance of endangered sagebrush steppe ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bare ground; biological soil crusts; cattle grazing; disturbance; diversity; invasion; plant gaps ID BIOTIC SOIL CRUSTS; PLANT INVASIONS; GREAT-BASIN; INVASIBILITY; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; CHEATGRASS; RESISTANCE; LIVESTOCK AB 1. Ecosystem invasibility is determined by combinations of environmental variables, invader attributes, disturbance regimes, competitive abilities of resident species and evolutionary history between residents and disturbance regimes. Understanding the relative importance of each factor is critical to limiting future invasions and restoring ecosystems. 2. We investigated factors potentially controlling Bromus tectorum invasions into Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities across 75 sites in the Great Basin. We measured soil texture, cattle grazing intensity, gaps among perennial plants and plant cover including B.tectorum, biological soil crusts (BSCs) and bare soil. Using a priori knowledge, we developed a multivariate hypothesis of the susceptibility of Artemisia ecosystems to B.tectorum invasion and used the model to assess the relative importance of the factors driving the magnitude of such invasions. 3. Model results imply that bunchgrass community structure, abundance and composition, along with BSC cover, play important roles in controlling B.tectorum dominance. Evidence suggests abundant bunchgrasses limit invasions by limiting the size and connectivity of gaps between vegetation, and BSCs appear to limit invasions within gaps. Results also suggest that cattle grazing reduces invasion resistance by decreasing bunchgrass abundance, shifting bunchgrass composition, and thereby increasing connectivity of gaps between perennial plants while trampling further reduces resistance by reducing BSC. 4. Synthesis and applications. Grazing exacerbates Bromustectorum dominance in one of North America's most endangered ecosystems by adversely impacting key mechanisms mediating resistance to invasion. If the goal is to conserve and restore resistance of these systems, managers should consider maintaining or restoring: (i) high bunchgrass cover and structure characterized by spatially dispersed bunchgrasses and small gaps between them; (ii) a diverse assemblage of bunchgrass species to maximize competitive interactions with B.tectorum in time and space; and (iii) biological soil crusts to limit B.tectorum establishment. Passive restoration by reducing cumulative cattle grazing may be one of the most effective means of achieving these three goals. C1 [Reisner, Michael D.] Augustana Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Doescher, Paul S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reisner, MD (reprint author), Augustana Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. EM michaelreisner@augustana.edu FU US Joint Fire Sciences Program; US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon State University FX We thank our field assistants and families. This is contribution #71 from the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment and Evaluation Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Sciences Program and by the US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and Oregon State University. The use of any trade, product or firm name is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1049 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12097 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182RX UT WOS:000321762900024 ER PT J AU Little, CE Kieffer, M Wippelhauser, G Zydlewski, G Kinnison, M Whitefleet-Smith, LA Sulikowski, JA AF Little, C. E. Kieffer, M. Wippelhauser, G. Zydlewski, G. Kinnison, M. Whitefleet-Smith, L. A. Sulikowski, J. A. TI First documented occurrences of the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum, Lesueur, 1818) in the Saco River, Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONNECTICUT RIVER; MERRIMACK RIVER; ESTUARY; MASSACHUSETTS; MOVEMENTS; ATLANTIC; FISH AB During sampling efforts to study the more abundant Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, between May of 2009 and November of 2011, four shortnose sturgeon were captured in gill nets near the mouth of the Saco River, Maine. Two of these individuals were tagged with acoustic transmitters to monitor their movement within the Saco River. Additionally, six shortnose sturgeon that had been tagged with acoustic transmitters in the Merrimack River, Massachusetts were detected on the acoustic array deployed within the Saco River and its estuary over this time period. These incidences represent the first verified documentation of shortnose sturgeon within this estuary. C1 [Little, C. E.; Whitefleet-Smith, L. A.; Sulikowski, J. A.] Univ New England, Marine Sci & Educ Ctr, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Kieffer, M.] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Wippelhauser, G.] Bur Sea Run Fisheries, Maine Dept Marine Resources, Hallowell, ME USA. [Zydlewski, G.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Kinnison, M.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA. RP Little, CE (reprint author), Univ New England, Marine Sci & Educ Ctr, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM clittle@une.edu; jsulikowski@une.edu OI Whitefleet-Smith, Laura/0000-0003-3130-2821 FU NOAA section 6 [NA\ONMF4720023] FX We thank Shaun Gill and Tim Arienti. We also thank the graduate and undergraduate students of the Sulikowski Laboratory at the University of New England. This project was supported by NOAA section 6 grant NA vertical bar ONMF4720023 awarded to GW, GZ, MK and JS. The use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the authors or by their respective affiliations. This manuscript represents MSC contribution number 47. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1111/jai.12159 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 178HI UT WOS:000321436500004 ER PT J AU Washburn, KE Birdwell, JE AF Washburn, Kathryn E. Birdwell, Justin E. TI Updated methodology for nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shales SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Shale; Artificial maturation; Solid echo; Dipolar coupling ID POROUS-MEDIA; PULSED NMR; BARNETT SHALE; RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ROCK; ELASTOMERS; KEROGEN; FIELD AB Unconventional petroleum resources, particularly in shales, are expected to play an increasingly important role in the world's energy portfolio in the coming years. Nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR), particularly at low-field, provides important information in the evaluation of shale resources. Most of the low-field NMR analyses performed on shale samples rely heavily on standard T-1 and T-2 measurements. We present a new approach using solid echoes in the measurement of T-1 and T-1-T-2 correlations that addresses some of the challenges encountered when making NMR measurements on shale samples compared to conventional reservoir rocks. Combining these techniques with standard T-1 and T-2 measurements provides a more complete assessment of the hydrogen-bearing constituents (e.g., bitumen, kerogen, clay-bound water) in shale samples. These methods are applied to immature and pyrolyzed oil shale samples to examine the solid and highly viscous organic phases present during the petroleum generation process. The solid echo measurements produce additional signal in the oil shale samples compared to the standard methodologies, indicating the presence of components undergoing homonuclear dipolar coupling. The results presented here include the first low-field NMR measurements performed on kerogen as well as detailed NMR analysis of highly viscous thermally generated bitumen present in pyrolyzed oil shale. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Washburn, Kathryn E.] Weatherford Labs, Houston, TX USA. [Birdwell, Justin E.] US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Washburn, KE (reprint author), Weatherford Labs, Houston, TX USA. EM kate.washburn@weatherfordlabs.com OI Birdwell, Justin/0000-0001-8263-1452 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 233 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.014 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 188QV UT WOS:000322209600003 PM 23719372 ER PT J AU Chen, L Li, JW Rye, RO Benzel, WM Lowers, HA He, MZ AF Chen, Lei Li, Jian-Wei Rye, R. O. Benzel, W. M. Lowers, H. A. He, Ming-Zhong TI Mineralogical, chemical, and crystallographic properties of supergene jarosite-group minerals from the Xitieshan Pb-Zn sulfide deposit, northern Tibetan Plateau, China SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES; HYDRONIUM JAROSITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; SITE OCCUPANCY; ALUNITE; PLUMBOJAROSITE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; MODEL; NA AB Supergene jarosite-group minerals are widespread in weathering profiles overlying Pb-Zn sulfide ores at Xitieshan, northern Tibetan Plateau, China. They consist predominantly of K-deficient natrojarosite, with lesser amounts of K-rich natrojarosite and plumbojarosite. Electron microprobe (EMP) analyses, scanning electron microcopy (SEM) investigation, and X-ray mapping reveal that the jarosite-group minerals are characterized by spectacular oscillatory zoning composed of alternating growth bands of K-deficient and K-bearing natrojarosite (K2O > 1 wt.%). Plumbojarosite, whenever present, occurs as an overgrowth in the outermost bands, and its composition can be best represented by K0.29Na0.19Pb0.31Fe2.66Al0.22(SO4)(1.65)(PO4)(0.31)(AsO4)(0.04)(OH)(7.37). The substitution of monovalent for divalent cations at the A site of plumbojarosite is charge balanced by the substitution of five-valent for six-valent anions in XO4 at the X site. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of representative samples reveal mass losses of 11.46 wt.% at 446.6 A degrees C and 21.42 wt.% at 683.4 A degrees C due to dehydroxylation and desulfidation, respectively. TGA data also indicate that the natrojarosite structure collapses at 446.6 A degrees C, resulting in the formation of NaFe(SO4)(2) and minor hematite. The decomposition products of NaFe(SO4)(2) are hematite and Na2SO4. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that the jarosite-group minerals have mean unit-cell parameters of a = 7.315 and c = 016.598 . XRD and EMP data support the view that substitutions of Na for K in the A site and full Fe occupancy in the B site can considerably decrease the unit-cell parameter c, but only slightly increase a. The results from this study suggest that the observed oscillatory zoning of jarosite-group minerals at Xitieshan resulted mainly from substitutions of K for Na at the A site and P for S at the X site. C1 [Chen, Lei; Li, Jian-Wei] State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. [Chen, Lei; Li, Jian-Wei] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Resources, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. [Rye, R. O.] US Geol Survey MS 963, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Benzel, W. M.; Lowers, H. A.] US Geol Survey MS 973, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [He, Ming-Zhong] China Univ Geosci, Fac Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. RP Li, JW (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Resources, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China. EM jwli@cug.edu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [40573021, 40821061]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [CUG120102]; MOST from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [MSFGPMR201205] FX The financial supports of this study were provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 40573021, 40821061), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CUG120102), and the MOST special fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (MSFGPMR201205). A major part of the analytical work of this study was done at the Denver Federal Center of USGS by the senior author during her USGS visit, which was partly supported by China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). Prof. Paul Robinson, Drs. Kathy Smith, Gregg Swayze and Ian Grey provided constructive reviews on an earlier draft of this paper. Thorough reviews by two anonymous referees and constructive suggestions by Associate Editor Anton Beran have been very helpful in improving the presentation of the paper, for which we are gratefully acknowledged. Our thanks extend to Xiao-Dong Deng for his help in preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 107 IS 4 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s00710-012-0258-y PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 184UM UT WOS:000321919000002 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Smellie, JL AF Patrick, Matthew R. Smellie, John L. TI Synthesis A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10 SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASTER; fumaroles; lava-ice interaction; MODIS; satellite thermal monitoring; volcano remote sensing ID MOUNT EREBUS VOLCANO; LAVA LAKE; SANDWICH ISLANDS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ERUPTION; PRODUCTS; REMOTE; MODIS; EXAMPLES; CLIMATE AB Of the more than twenty historically active volcanoes in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region only two, to our knowledge, host any ground-based monitoring instruments. Moreover, because of their remoteness, most of the volcanoes are seldom visited, thus relegating the monitoring of volcanism in this region almost entirely to satellites. In this study, high temporal resolution satellite data from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology's MODVOLC system using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) are complemented with high spatial resolution data (ASTER, or Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and similar sensors) to document volcanic activity throughout the region during the period 2000-10. Five volcanoes were observed in eruption (Mount Erebus, Mount Belinda, Mount Michael, Heard Island and McDonald Island), which were predominantly low-level and effusive in nature. Mount Belinda produced tephra, building a cinder cone in addition to an extensive lava field. Five volcanoes exhibited detectable thermal, and presumed fumarolic, activity (Deception, Zavodovski, Candlemas, Bristol, and Bellingshausen islands). A minor eruption reported at Marion Island was not detected in our survey due to its small size. This study also discovered a new active vent on Mount Michael, tracked dramatic vent enlargement on Heard Island, and provides an improved picture of the morphology of some of the volcanoes. C1 [Patrick, Matthew R.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Smellie, John L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM mpatrick@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 475 EP 500 DI 10.1017/S0954102013000436 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 182QY UT WOS:000321760000002 ER PT J AU Peralta, RM Ahn, C Voytek, MA Kirshtein, JD AF Peralta, Rita M. Ahn, Changwoo Voytek, Mary A. Kirshtein, Julie D. TI Bacterial community structure of nirK-bearing denitrifiers and the development of properties of soils in created mitigation wetlands SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Denitrifying bacterial community; Wetland soil; T-RFLP; qPCR; Soil physicochemistry; Created mitigation wetlands ID ORGANIC-CARBON; REDUCTASE; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; PCR; SEDIMENTS; PIEDMONT; VIRGINIA; PH AB We investigated the abundance and genetic heterogeneity of bacterial nitrite reductase genes (nir) and soil structural properties in created and natural freshwater wetlands in the Virginia piedmont. Soil attributes included soil organic matter (SOM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, gravimetric soil moisture (GSM), and bulk density (D-b). A subset of soil attributes were analyzed across the sites, using euclidean cluster analysis, resulting in three soil condition (SC) groups of increasing wetland soil development (i.e., SC1 < SC2 < SC3; less to more developed or matured) as measured by accumulation of TOC, TN, the increase of GSM, and the decrease of D-b. There were no difference found in the bacterial community diversity between the groups (p = 0.4). NirK gene copies detected ranged between 3.6 x 10(4) and 3.4 x 10(7) copies g(-1) soil and were significantly higher in the most developed soil group, SC3, than in the least developed soil group, SC1. However, the gene copies were lowest in SC2 that had a significantly higher soil pH (similar to 6.6) than the other two SC groups (similar to 5.3). The same pattern was found in denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) on a companion study where DEA was found negatively correlated with soil pH. Gene fragments were amplified and products were screened by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Among 146 different T-RFs identified, fourteen were dominant and together made up more than 65% of all detected fragments. While SC groups did not relate to whole nirK communities, most soil properties that identified SC groups did significantly correlate to dominant members of the community. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Peralta, Rita M.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.; Kirshtein, Julie D.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ahn, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM cahn@gmu.edu FU USGS-National Institute of Water Resources (NIWR Grant) [G10AP00139] FX This study was funded by USGS-National Institute of Water Resources (NIWR Grant, G10AP00139). Thanks also go to Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. (WSSI) for the use of their created mitigation wetlands. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 70 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.04.008 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179RZ UT WOS:000321540300009 ER PT J AU Dusel-Bacon, C Day, WC Aleinikoff, JN AF Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Day, Warren C. Aleinikoff, John N. TI Geochemistry, petrography, and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Paleozoic metaigneous rocks in the Mount Veta area of east-central Alaska: implications for the evolution of the westernmost part of the Yukon-Tanana terrane SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION; EARTH ELEMENT MOBILITY; NORTHERN CORDILLERA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; SEDIMENTARY-BASIN; COMPOSITE TERRANE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AR-40/AR-39 DATA; ISLAND-ARC AB We report the results of new mapping, whole-rock major, minor, and trace-element geochemistry, and petrography for metaigneous rocks from the Mount Veta area in the westernmost part of the allochthonous Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) in east-central Alaska. These rocks include tonalitic mylonite gneiss and mafic metaigneous rocks from the Chicken metamorphic complex and the Nasina and Fortymile River assemblages. Whole-rock trace-element data from the tonalitic gneiss, whose igneous protolith was dated by SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology at 332.6 +/- 5.6 Ma, indicate derivation from tholeiitic arc basalt. Whole-rock analyses of the mafic rocks suggest that greenschist-facies rocks from the Chicken metamorphic complex, a mafic metavolcanic rock from the Nasina assemblage, and an amphibolite from the Fortymile River assemblage formed as island-arc tholeiite in a back-arc setting; another Nasina assemblage greenschist has MORB geochemical characteristics, and another mafic metaigneous rock from the Fortymile River assemblage has geochemical characteristics of calc-alkaline basalt. Our geochemical results imply derivation in an arc and back-arc spreading region within the allochthonous YTT crustal fragment, as previously proposed for correlative units in other parts of the terrane. We also describe the petrography and geochemistry of a newly discovered tectonic lens of Alpine-type metaharzburgite. The metaharzburgite is interpreted to be a sliver of lithospheric mantle from beneath the Seventymile ocean basin or from sub-continental mantle lithosphere of the allochthonous YTT or the western margin of Laurentia that was tectonically emplaced within crustal rocks during closure of the Seventymile ocean basin and subsequently displaced and fragmented by faults. C1 [Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Day, Warren C.; Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dusel-Bacon, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cdusel@usgs.gov NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 50 IS 8 BP 826 EP 846 DI 10.1139/cjes-2013-0004 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 180AS UT WOS:000321565700003 ER PT J AU Mercer, DM Haig, SM Roby, DD AF Mercer, Dacey M. Haig, Susan M. Roby, Daniel D. TI Phylogeography and population genetic structure of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Double-crested cormorant; Phalacrocorax auritus; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellite; Population genetics; Phylogeography ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; RIVER ESTUARY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SOFTWARE; VERTEBRATES; HYPOTHESIS; SPECIATION AB We examined the genetic structure of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) across their range in the United States and Canada. Sequences of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 248 cormorants from 23 breeding sites. Variation was also examined at eight microsatellite loci for 409 cormorants from the same sites. The mitochondrial and microsatellite data provided strong evidence that the Alaskan subspecies (P. a. cincinnatus) is genetically divergent from other populations in North America (net sequence divergence = 5.85 %; I broken vertical bar(ST) for mitochondrial control region = 0.708; F-ST for microsatellite loci = 0.052). Historical records, contemporary population estimates, and field observations are consistent with recognition of the Alaskan subspecies as distinct and potentially of conservation interest. Our data also indicated the presence of another divergent lineage, associated with the southwestern portion of the species range, as evidenced by highly unique haplotypes sampled in southern California. In contrast, there was little support for recognition of subspecies within the conterminous U.S. and Canada. Rather than genetically distinct regions corresponding to the putative subspecies [P. a. albociliatus (Pacific), P. a. auritus (Interior and North Atlantic), and P. a. floridanus (Southeast)], we observed a distribution of genetic variation consistent with a pattern of isolation by distance. This pattern implies that genetic differences across the range are due to geographic distance, rather than discrete subspecific breaks. Although three of the four traditional subspecies were not genetically distinct, possible demographic separation, habitat differences, and documented declines at some colonies within the regions, suggests that the Pacific and possibly North Atlantic portions of the breeding range may warrant differential consideration from the Interior and Southeast breeding regions. C1 [Mercer, Dacey M.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mercer, DM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dacey.mercer@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, and Bonneville Power Administration for providing funding. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Wildlife Service were all instrumental in facilitating and obtaining cormorant samples. Many individuals contributed samples to this study, and we are grateful to everyone who provided samples or assisted with sample collection. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 823 EP 836 DI 10.1007/s10592-013-0477-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 176CD UT WOS:000321279900007 ER PT J AU Gangloff, MM Hamstead, BA Abernethy, EF Hartfield, PD AF Gangloff, Michael M. Hamstead, Byron A. Abernethy, Erin F. Hartfield, Paul D. TI Genetic distinctiveness of Ligumia recta, the black sandshell, in the Mobile River Basin and implications for its conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; CO1; mtDNA; Unionidae; Ligumia recta ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; BIVALVIA; UNIONIDAE AB North America's freshwater mussels are widely regarded as one of the most diverse and imperiled groups on earth, and many of the continent's similar to 300 Unionidae and Margaratiferidae are drainage or regional endemics. Although Ligumia recta is currently widespread and stable in the Mississippi Basin, recent surveys suggest it is extirpated from the Pearl River drainage and only small populations persist in isolated Mobile River Basin tributaries. We compared 504 base pairs of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene from two Mobile Basin L. recta specimens and found that the Mobile Basin appears to support an evolutionarily significant genotype that could warrant recognition as a cryptic and highly imperiled taxon. Genetic data are beginning to reveal the extent and magnitude of recent biodiversity losses in the southeastern US, and moreover, these data will be critical to tailoring conservation and management strategies. C1 [Gangloff, Michael M.; Hamstead, Byron A.; Abernethy, Erin F.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Hartfield, Paul D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, MS USA. RP Gangloff, MM (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM gangloffmm@appstate.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mobile District Office; Appalachian State University Research Council FX We thank Ray Kessler (ASU) and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. Anne Wynne, Geological Survey of Alabama, provided a map of the Mobile Basin for Fig. 1. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District Office, and an internal grant from the Appalachian State University Research Council. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 913 EP 916 DI 10.1007/s10592-013-0480-0 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 176CD UT WOS:000321279900014 ER PT J AU Wagner, JKS McEntee, MH Brothers, LL German, CR Kaiser, CL Yoerger, DR Van Dover, CL AF Wagner, Jamie K. S. McEntee, Molly H. Brothers, Laura L. German, Christopher R. Kaiser, Carl L. Yoerger, Dana R. Van Dover, Cindy Lee TI Cold-seep habitat mapping: High-resolution spatial characterization of the Blake Ridge Diapir seep field SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV); Sentry; Deep-sea ecology; Vesicomya; Bathymodiolus; Chemosynthetic ecosystems; Pockmark; GIS; Sidescan sonar ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BENTHIC HABITAT; SEA; COMMUNITIES; BATHYMETRY; PARASITISM; CAROLINA; HYDRATE; MUSSELS AB Relationships among seep community biomass, diversity, and physiographic controls such as underlying geology are not well understood. Previous efforts to constrain these relationships at the Blake Ridge Diapir were limited to observations from piloted deep-submergence vehicles. In August 2012, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry collected geophysical and photographic data over a 0.131 km(2) area at the Blake Ridge Diapir seeps. A nested survey approach was used that began with a regional or reconnaissance-style survey using sub-bottom mapping systems to locate and identify seeps and underlying conduits. This survey was followed by AUV-mounted sidescan sonar and multibeam echosounder systems mapping on a mesoscale to characterize the seabed physiography. At the most detailed survey level, digital photographic imaging was used to resolve sub-meter characteristics of the biology. Four pockmarks (25-70 m diameter) were documented, each supporting chemosynthetic communities. Concentric zonation of mussels and clams suggests the influence of chemical gradients on megafaunal distribution. Data collection and analytical techniques used here yield high-resolution habitat maps that can serve as baselines to constrain temporal evolution of seafloor seeps, and to inform ecological niche modeling and resource management. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wagner, Jamie K. S.; McEntee, Molly H.; Van Dover, Cindy Lee] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [German, Christopher R.; Kaiser, Carl L.; Yoerger, Dana R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wagner, JKS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM jamie.ks.wagner@duke.edu FU NSF [Bio Oce 1031050]; NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research FX We thank the crew of the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, the ship and shore science teams, the NOAA onshore support team at the Inner Space Center, University of Rhode Island, and M. Jones for assistance with ArcGIS. We thank S. Ackerman and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback. Paul Tyler has long been a colleague of the project PI (CLVD), first through his publications, then as a leader of the Chemosynthetic Ecosystems Project of the Census of Marine Life, and finally as a shipmate on the R/V Atlantis. We are pleased to honor Paul's outstanding contributions to deep-sea research and celebrate his career as mentor to many students of deep-sea science. This research was supported by NSF award Bio Oce 1031050 and NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 92 SI SI BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.02.008 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 174SZ UT WOS:000321177000021 ER PT J AU Buss, HL Brantley, SL Scatena, FN Bazilievskaya, EA Blum, A Schulz, M Jimenez, R White, AF Rother, G Cole, D AF Buss, H. L. Brantley, S. L. Scatena, F. N. Bazilievskaya, E. A. Blum, A. Schulz, M. Jimenez, R. White, A. F. Rother, G. Cole, D. TI Probing the deep critical zone beneath the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE critical zone; drilling; corestones; regolith; weathering ID WEATHERING RIND FORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; URANIUM-SERIES ISOTOPES; LONG-TERM; RATES; MOUNTAINS; SOIL; CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; ROCKS AB Recent work has suggested that weathering processes occurring in the subsurface produce the majority of silicate weathering products discharged to the world's oceans, thereby exerting a primary control on global temperature via the well-known positive feedback between silicate weathering and CO2. In addition, chemical and physical weathering processes deep within the critical zone create aquifers and control groundwater chemistry, watershed geometry and regolith formation rates. Despite this, most weathering studies are restricted to the shallow critical zone (e.g. soils, outcrops). Here we investigate the chemical weathering, fracturing and geomorphology of the deep critical zone in the Bisley watershed in the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico, from two boreholes drilled to 37.2 and 27.0 m depth, from which continuous core samples were taken. Corestones exposed aboveground were also sampled. Weathered rinds developed on exposed corestones and along fracture surfaces on subsurface rocks slough off of exposed corestones once rinds attain a thickness up to similar to 1 cm, preventing the corestones from rounding due to diffusion limitation. Such corestones at the land surface are assumed to be what remains after exhumation of similar, fractured bedrock pieces that were observed in the drilled cores between thick layers of regolith. Some of these subsurface corestones are massive and others are highly fractured, whereas aboveground corestones are generally massive with little to no apparent fracturing. Subsurface corestones are larger and less fractured in the borehole drilled on a road where it crosses a ridge compared with the borehole drilled where the road crosses the stream channel. Both borehole profiles indicate that the weathering zone extends to well below the stream channel in this upland catchment; hence weathering depth is not controlled by the stream level within the catchment and not all of the water in the watershed is discharged to the stream. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Buss, H. L.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Brantley, S. L.; Bazilievskaya, E. A.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scatena, F. N.; Jimenez, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Blum, A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Schulz, M.; White, A. F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rother, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Buss, HL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM h.buss@bristol.ac.uk RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 FU US Geological Survey's Global Change Program; National Research Program (NRP); Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program (WEBB); NSF-Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory [NSF EAR-0722476]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; OBES [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), US Department of Energy (DOE) FX We acknowledge funding and support from the US Geological Survey's Global Change Program, the National Research Program (NRP), and the Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program (WEBB) as well as from the NSF-Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (NSF EAR-0722476). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Neutron scattering measurements utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 and SLB acknowledges DOE funding from OBES (DE-FG02-05ER15675) for the neutron scattering work. We also thank Peter Sak from Dickinson College for providing the hand-held drill; Andy Kurtz for helping us drill; the U.S. Forest Service for site access; and Carole Johnson, Pedro Diaz, Jesus Rodriguez, Sigfredo Torres-Gonzalez and Manuel Rosario-Torres from the US Geological Survey. This manuscript was much improved by the editorial work of Stuart N. Lane and the comments of two anonymous reviewers and Sheila Murphy of the USGS. DRC was supported by the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. GR was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), US Department of Energy (DOE). We are grateful to David Mildner for the help with USANS measurements. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1170 EP 1186 DI 10.1002/esp.3409 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 184CR UT WOS:000321864700009 ER PT J AU Cross, WF Baxter, CV Rosi-Marshall, EJ Hall, RO Kennedy, TA Donner, KC Kelly, HAW Seegert, SEZ Behn, KE Yard, MD AF Cross, Wyatt F. Baxter, Colden V. Rosi-Marshall, Emma J. Hall, Robert O., Jr. Kennedy, Theodore A. Donner, Kevin C. Kelly, Holly A. Wellard Seegert, Sarah E. Z. Behn, Kathrine E. Yard, Michael D. TI Food-web dynamics in a large river discontinuum SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE ecotrophic efficiencies; energetics; food-web stability; Glen Canyon Dam; Colorado River; interaction strengths; organic-matter flows; regulated river; secondary production; species interactions; trophic basis of production ID GLEN CANYON DAM; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; COLORADO-RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; INTERACTION STRENGTH; BODY-SIZE; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; FLANNELMOUTH SUCKER AB Nearly all ecosystems have been altered by human activities, and most communities are now composed of interacting species that have not co-evolved. These changes may modify species interactions, energy and material flows, and food-web stability. Although structural changes to ecosystems have been widely reported, few studies have linked such changes to dynamic food-web attributes and patterns of energy flow. Moreover, there have been few tests of food-web stability theory in highly disturbed and intensely managed freshwater ecosystems. Such synthetic approaches are needed for predicting the future trajectory of ecosystems, including how they may respond to natural or anthropogenic perturbations. We constructed flow food webs at six locations along a 386-km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) for three years. We characterized food-web structure and production, trophic basis of production, energy efficiencies, and interaction-strength distributions across a spatial gradient of perturbation (i.e., distance from Glen Canyon Dam), as well as before and after an experimental flood. We found strong longitudinal patterns in food-web characteristics that strongly correlated with the spatial position of large tributaries. Above tributaries, food webs were dominated by nonnative New Zealand mudsnails (62% of production) and nonnative rainbow trout (100% of fish production). The simple structure of these food webs led to few dominant energy pathways (diatoms to few invertebrate taxa to rainbow trout), large energy inefficiencies (i.e., <20% of invertebrate production consumed by fishes), and right-skewed interaction-strength distributions, consistent with theoretical instability. Below large tributaries, invertebrate production declined approximate to 18-fold, while fish production remained similar to upstream sites and comprised predominately native taxa (80-100% of production). Sites below large tributaries had increasingly reticulate and detritus-based food webs with a higher prevalence of omnivory, as well as interaction strength distributions more typical of theoretically stable food webs (i.e., nearly twofold higher proportion of weak interactions). Consistent with theory, downstream food webs were less responsive to the experimental flood than sites closest to the dam. We show how human-induced shifts to food-web structure can affect energy flow and interaction strengths, and we show that these changes have consequences for food-web function and response to perturbations. C1 [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.; Hall, Robert O., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baxter, Colden V.; Donner, Kevin C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.; Kelly, Holly A. Wellard; Seegert, Sarah E. Z.] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. [Kennedy, Theodore A.; Behn, Kathrine E.; Yard, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Cross, WF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM wyatt.cross@montana.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via the U.S. Geological Survey [05WRAG005, G10AC00141] FX We thank the many research technicians who spent countless hours in the field, the laboratory, or on a computer: Adam Copp, Jason Fobair, Amber Adams-Gaul, Carina Hall, Dustin Kincaid, Elizabeth Reese, Tom Sabol, Maria Pacioretty, and Jamina Winston. Iwan Jones and Stephanie Parker assisted with network software used to produce the food-web figures (i.e., "Pajek"). We thank Benjamin J. Koch for developing R code for secondary production analysis. Carol Fritzinger, Brian Dierker, and Humphrey Summit Support, and the entire Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center warehouse staff provided excellent logistical support and river knowledge. We thank Ted Melis for continued support and engagement, as well as Josh Korman and Carl Walters for productive discussion about study design and data analysis. Helpful comments on an earlier draft were provided by Scott VanderKooi and members of the Cross lab. Cliff Kraft and two anonymous reviewers also provided excellent suggestions that improved the manuscript. All handling and gastric lavage of endangered humpback chub was done in conformance with applicable laws (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permit number TE823156-1). The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation via the U.S. Geological Survey supported this research through cooperative agreements 05WRAG005 to R. O. Hall, Jr., E. J. Rosi-Marshall and C. V. Baxter, and G10AC00141 to W. F. Cross. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 145 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 10 U2 158 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 83 IS 3 BP 311 EP 337 DI 10.1890/12-1727.1 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187JJ UT WOS:000322113400003 ER PT J AU Middleton, AD Kauffman, MJ McWhirter, DE Jimenez, MD Cook, RC Cook, JG Albeke, SE Sawyer, H White, PJ AF Middleton, Arthur D. Kauffman, Matthew J. McWhirter, Douglas E. Jimenez, Michael D. Cook, Rachel C. Cook, John G. Albeke, Shannon E. Sawyer, Hall White, P. J. TI Linking anti-predator behaviour to prey demography reveals limited risk effects of an actively hunting large carnivore SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Anti-predator behaviour; drought; elk; grey wolf; grizzly bear; non-consumptive effects; predation risk; predator hunting mode; ungulate; Yellowstone ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; MEDIATED TROPHIC CASCADE; PREDATION RISK; HABITAT SELECTION; WOLF PREDATION; ELK; WOLVES; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB Ecological theory predicts that the diffuse risk cues generated by wide-ranging, active predators should induce prey behavioural responses but not major, population- or community-level consequences. We evaluated the non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of an active predator, the grey wolf (Canis lupus), by simultaneously tracking wolves and the behaviour, body fat, and pregnancy of elk (Cervus elaphus), their primary prey in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. When wolves approached within 1 km, elk increased their rates of movement, displacement and vigilance. Even in high-risk areas, however, these encounters occurred only once every 9 days. Ultimately, despite 20-fold variation in the frequency of encounters between wolves and individual elk, the risk of predation was not associated with elk body fat or pregnancy. Our findings suggest that the ecological consequences of actively hunting large carnivores, such as the wolf, are more likely transmitted by consumptive effects on prey survival than NCEs on prey behaviour. C1 [Middleton, Arthur D.; Sawyer, Hall] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.; Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, S Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [McWhirter, Douglas E.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Cook, Rachel C.; Cook, John G.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Albeke, Shannon E.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sawyer, Hall] Inc, Western Ecosystems Technol, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.] Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Middleton, AD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM arthur.middleton@yale.edu FU WGFD; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF); Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS-0447681]; Oregon Forest Industries Council; Washington Forest Protection Association; American Forest Resource Council FX We thank C. Hendrix, M. Larson, L. Lily, A. Nelson, J. Pehringer, C. Queen, C. Sax, D. Smith, S. Wooddruff, and Leading Edge, Quicksilver, and Sky Aviation for field support. We also thank A. Barbknecht, T. Roussin, T. Zaffarano and our many other seasonal field assistants for their contributions. Our work was funded by WGFD, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF), the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board, and the Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition. A.D.M. received support from the NSF-EPSCoR program (EPS-0447681) via the University of Wyoming's Program in Ecology. J.G.C. and R.C.C. received support from RMEF, Oregon Forest Industries Council, Washington Forest Protection Association, and American Forest Resource Council. Comments from S. Buskirk, D. Doak, M. Festa-Bianchet, D. Fortin, C. Martinez del Rio, K. Monteith, A. Nelson, O. Schmitz, D. Skelly and two anonymous referees improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 11 U2 197 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1111/ele.12133 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181VA UT WOS:000321696300008 PM 23750905 ER PT J AU Hofstra, AH Landis, GP AF Hofstra, Albert H. Landis, Gary P. TI ORE GENESIS CONSTRAINTS ON THE IDAHO COBALT BELT FROM FLUID INCLUSION GAS, NOBLE GAS ISOTOPE, AND ION RATIO ANALYSES-A REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHEMISTRY; DISTRICT; CO C1 [Hofstra, Albert H.; Landis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hofstra, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ahofstra@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1214 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 176PF UT WOS:000321315900016 ER PT J AU Irvine, GV Shelly, A AF Irvine, Gail V. Shelly, Alice TI Sampling design for long-term regional trends in marine rocky intertidal communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Probability design; Monitoring; Marine; Rocky intertidal; Statistical power; Extensive; Intensive; Sampling methods; Alaska; Glacier Bay ID NATURAL-RESOURCES; STATISTICAL POWER; UNITED-STATES; SEA SHORES; COMPETITION; ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; INVENTORY; PROVISION AB Probability-based designs reduce bias and allow inference of results to the pool of sites from which they were chosen. We developed and tested probability-based designs for monitoring marine rocky intertidal assemblages at Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA), Alaska. A multilevel design was used that varied in scale and inference. The levels included aerial surveys, extensive sampling of 25 sites, and more intensive sampling of 6 sites. Aerial surveys of a subset of intertidal habitat indicated that the original target habitat of bedrock-dominated sites with slope a parts per thousand currency sign30A degrees was rare. This unexpected finding illustrated one value of probability-based surveys and led to a shift in the target habitat type to include steeper, more mixed rocky habitat. Subsequently, we evaluated the statistical power of different sampling methods and sampling strategies to detect changes in the abundances of the predominant sessile intertidal taxa: barnacles Balanomorpha, the mussel Mytilus trossulus, and the rockweed Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens. There was greatest power to detect trends in Mytilus and lesser power for barnacles and Fucus. Because of its greater power, the extensive, coarse-grained sampling scheme was adopted in subsequent years over the intensive, fine-grained scheme. The sampling attributes that had the largest effects on power included sampling of "vertical" line transects (vs. horizontal line transects or quadrats) and increasing the number of sites. We also evaluated the power of several management-set parameters. Given equal sampling effort, sampling more sites fewer times had greater power. The information gained through intertidal monitoring is likely to be useful in assessing changes due to climate, including ocean acidification; invasive species; trampling effects; and oil spills. C1 [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shelly, Alice] TerraStat Consulting Grp, Woodinville, WA 98072 USA. RP Irvine, GV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM girvine@usgs.gov FU USGS Natural Resource Preservation Program FX This project has benefited from the statistical and design advice of L. McDonald (WEST, Inc.) and M. Udevitz. Project and field support was provided by J. Bodkin, K. Kloecker, T. Gage, M. Ferguson, K. Vandersall, G. Esslinger, D. Monson, Jennifer Mondragon, Jeffrey Mondragon, A. Delorenzo, T. Stoltey, E. Madison, J. de la Bruere, D. Douglas, M. Whalen, and K. Oakley of the US Geological Survey (USGS); M. Lindeberg of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; J. Williams of Sitka National Historical Park; and L. Sharman, W. Eichenlaub, M. B. Moss, and L. Basch of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (NP&P). We thank boat captain Jim Luthy and the crew of the Nunatak (NPS) and boat captain Jim de la Bruere and the crew of the Alaska Gyre (USGS) for great field support. Initial funding was from USGS Natural Resource Preservation Program; additional support was provided by Glacier Bay NP&P and the USGS. We thank P. Geissler, S. Fradkin, and an anonymous review for their constructive comments on drafts of this manuscript. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the US government. With kind remembrance of C. A. Toft (died 2011) and her contributions to ecology. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 185 IS 8 BP 6963 EP 6987 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3078-6 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 174AA UT WOS:000321123800059 PM 23420521 ER PT J AU Beyer, WN Green, CE Beyer, M Chaney, RL AF Beyer, W. N. Green, C. E. Beyer, M. Chaney, R. L. TI Phytotoxicity of zinc and manganese to seedlings grown in soil contaminated by zinc smelting SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phytotoxicity; Zinc; Manganese; Soil pH; Smelter ID SUGAR MAPLE; HEAVY-METALS; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; PLANTS; COPPER; CALCIUM; DECLINE; NICKEL; SPRUCE AB Historic emissions from two zinc smelters have injured the forest on Blue Mountain near Palmerton, Pennsylvania, USA. Seedlings of soybeans and five tree species were grown in a greenhouse in a series of mixtures of smelter-contaminated and reference soils and then phytotoxic thresholds were calculated. As little as 10% Palmerton soil mixed with reference soil killed or greatly stunted seedlings of most species. Zinc was the principal cause of the phytotoxicity to the tree seedlings, although Mn and Cd may also have been phytotoxic in the most contaminated soil mixtures. Calcium deficiency seemed to play a role in the observed phytotoxicity. Exposed soybeans showed symptoms of Mn toxicity. A test of the effect of liming on remediation of the Zn and Mn phytotoxicity caused a striking decrease in Sr-nitrate extractable metals in soils and demonstrated that liming was critical to remediation and restoration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beyer, W. N.; Beyer, M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Green, C. E.; Chaney, R. L.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM nbeyer@usgs.gov FU Natural Resource Damage and Restoration Program in the Department of the Interior FX This work was funded partially by the Natural Resource Damage and Restoration Program in the Department of the Interior. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank Eton Codling of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and Esther Stroh of the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center for their suggestions. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 179 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 168ZF UT WOS:000320745800023 PM 23685629 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Wang, CF AF Madenjian, Charles P. Wang, Chunfang TI Reevaluation of a walleye (Sander vitreus) bioenergetics model SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Daily rations; Energy budget Feeding rates; Food consumption; Percids Trophic modeling ID LABORATORY EVALUATION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; YELLOW PERCH; LAKE AB Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important sport fish throughout much of North America, and walleye populations support valuable commercial fisheries in certain lakes as well. Using a corrected algorithm for balancing the energy budget, we reevaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye in the laboratory. Walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks each day during a 126-day experiment. Feeding rates ranged from 1.4 to 1.7 % of walleye body weight per day. Based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of monthly consumption with observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model estimated food consumption by walleye without any significant bias. Similarly, based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of weight at the end of the monthly test period with observed weight, we concluded that the bioenergetics model predicted walleye growth without any detectable bias. In addition, the bioenergetics model predictions of cumulative consumption over the 126-day experiment differed from observed cumulative consumption by less than 10 %. Although additional laboratory and field testing will be needed to fully evaluate model performance, based on our laboratory results, the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye appears to be providing unbiased predictions of food consumption. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Wang, Chunfang] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wang, Chunfang] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1007/s10695-012-9737-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 178HQ UT WOS:000321437800002 PM 23124865 ER PT J AU Sleeter, BM Sohl, TL Loveland, TR Auch, RF Acevedo, W Drummond, MA Sayler, KL Stehman, SV AF Sleeter, Benjamin M. Sohl, Terry L. Loveland, Thomas R. Auch, Roger F. Acevedo, William Drummond, Mark A. Sayler, Kristi L. Stehman, Stephen V. TI Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000 SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE Land use; Land cover; Ecoregions; Landsat; Urbanization; Forestry; Agriculture ID GREAT-PLAINS; THEMATIC ACCURACY; CLIMATE SYSTEM; US; CARBON; ECOREGIONS; DYNAMICS; FORESTS; FRAGMENTATION; DEFORESTATION AB Land-cover change in the conterminous United States was quantified by interpreting change from satellite imagery for a sample stratified by 84 ecoregions. Gross and net changes between 11 land-cover classes were estimated for 5 dates of Landsat imagery (1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000). An estimated 673,000 km(2)(8.6%) of the United States' land area experienced a change in land cover at least one time during the study period. Forest cover experienced the largest net decline of any class with 97,000 km(2) lost between 1973 and 2000. The large decline in forest cover was prominent in the two regions with the highest percent of overall change, the Marine West Coast Forests (24.5% of the region experienced a change in at least one time period) and the Eastern Temperate Forests (11.4% of the region with at least one change). Agriculture declined by approximately 90,000 km(2) with the largest annual net loss of 12,000 km(2) yr(-1) occurring between 1986 and 1992. Developed area increased by 33% and with the rate of conversion to developed accelerating rate over time. The time interval with the highest annual rate of change of 47,000 km(2) yr(-1) (0.6% per year) was 1986-1992. This national synthesis documents a spatially and temporally dynamic era of land change between 1973 and 2000. These results quantify land change based on a nationally consistent monitoring protocol and contribute fundamental estimates critical to developing understanding of the causes and consequences of land change in the conterminous United States. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sohl, Terry L.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Auch, Roger F.; Acevedo, William; Sayler, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Sleeter, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bsleeter@usgs.gov OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 73 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 23 IS 4 BP 733 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 174LS UT WOS:000321157600004 ER PT J AU Clifford, SM Yoshikawa, K Byrne, S Durham, W Fisher, D Forget, F Hecht, M Smith, P Tamppari, L Titus, T Zurek, R AF Clifford, Stephen M. Yoshikawa, Kenji Byrne, Shane Durham, William Fisher, David Forget, Francois Hecht, Michael Smith, Peter Tamppari, Leslie Titus, Timothy Zurek, Richard TI Introduction to the fifth Mars Polar Science special issue: Key questions, needed observations, and recommended investigations SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPLORATION; FUTURE C1 [Clifford, Stephen M.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Yoshikawa, Kenji] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Byrne, Shane; Smith, Peter] Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Durham, William] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fisher, David] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Forget, Francois] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. [Hecht, Michael] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Tamppari, Leslie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Planetary & Earth Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Titus, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zurek, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA Mars Program Off, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Clifford, SM (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM clifford@lpi.usra.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2013 VL 225 IS 2 BP 864 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.005 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183GL UT WOS:000321802400001 ER PT J AU Hansen, CJ Byrne, S Portyankina, G Bourke, M Dundas, C McEwen, A Mellon, M Pommerol, A Thomas, N AF Hansen, C. J. Byrne, S. Portyankina, G. Bourke, M. Dundas, C. McEwen, A. Mellon, M. Pommerol, A. Thomas, N. TI Observations of the northern seasonal polar cap on Mars: I. Spring sublimation activity and processes SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Polar caps ID SCIENCE EXPERIMENT HIRISE; DRIVEN ACTIVITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SAND DUNES; SLAB ICE; REGIONS; WATER; TES; SUBSURFACE; DEPOSITS AB Spring sublimation of the seasonal CO2 northern polar cap is a dynamic process in the current Mars climate. Phenomena include dark fans of dune material propelled out onto the seasonal ice layer, polygonal cracks in the seasonal ice, sand flow down slipfaces, and outbreaks of gas and sand around the dune margins. These phenomena are concentrated on the north polar erg that encircles the northern residual polar cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been in orbit for three Mars years, allowing us to observe three northern spring seasons. Activity is consistent with and well described by the Kieffer model of basal sublimation of the seasonal layer of ice applied originally in the southern hemisphere. Three typical weak spots have been identified on the dunes for escape of gas sublimed from the bottom of the seasonal ice layer: the crest of the dune, the interface of the dune with the interdune substrate, and through polygonal cracks in the ice. Pressurized gas flows through these vents and carries out material entrained from the dune. Furrows in the dunes channel gas to outbreak points and may be the northern equivalent of southern radially-organized channels ("araneiform" terrain), albeit not permanent. Properties of the seasonal CO2 ice layer are derived from timing of seasonal events such as when final sublimation occurs. Modification of dune morphology shows that landscape evolution is occurring on Mars today, driven by seasonal activity associated with sublimation of the seasonal CO2 polar cap. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, C. J.; Bourke, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Byrne, S.; McEwen, A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Portyankina, G.; Pommerol, A.; Thomas, N.] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Dundas, C.] USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mellon, M.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Hansen, CJ (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cjhansen@psi.edu RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We were fortunate to have Hugh Kieffer (originator of the "Kieffer Model" described herein, and a mentor to several of us) as one of our reviewers. We are very appreciative of his time, and especially his effort to replicate our results, which led to substantial improvements to this paper. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for their positive comments. This work was supported by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2013 VL 225 IS 2 BP 881 EP 897 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.024 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183GL UT WOS:000321802400003 ER PT J AU Lenferink, HJ Durham, WB Stern, LA Pathare, AV AF Lenferink, Hendrik J. Durham, William B. Stern, Laura A. Pathare, Asmin V. TI Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Polar caps; Ices; Ices, Mechanical properties ID NORTH-POLAR-CAP; COMPRESSIVE CREEP; DEFORMATION; MARS; RHEOLOGY; FLOW; DYNAMICS; REGIME; PHASE AB We show that perchlorate hydrates, which have been detected at high circumpolar martian latitudes, have a dramatic effect upon the rheological behavior of polycrystalline water ice under conditions applicable to the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). We conducted subsolidus creep tests on mixtures of ice and magnesium perchlorate hydrate, Mg(ClO4)(2)center dot 6H(2)O (MP6), of 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.47 volume fraction MP6. We found these mixtures to be increasingly weak with increasing MP6 content. For mixtures with <= 0.10 volume fraction MP6, we resolved a stress exponent of n approximate to 2 at low stresses transitioning to n approximate to 4 above 10 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy of deformed specimens revealed MP6 to be distributed as an interconnected film between ice grains. These results suggest that grain boundary sliding (GBS) may be enhanced with respect to pure ice. As the enhancement of GBS is expected in polycrystalline aggregates containing a few percent melt or otherwise weak material distributed along grain boundaries, the observed n approximate to 2 is consistent with the mutual accommodation of basal slip and GBS. If ice containing trace concentrations of MP6 is also much weaker than pure ice at low stresses, flow in the NPLD could be significantly enhanced, particularly at the warmer basal temperatures associated with higher martian obliquities. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lenferink, Hendrik J.; Durham, William B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stern, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pathare, Asmin V.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hendrik@mit.edu; wbdurham@mit.edu; lstern@usgs.gov; pathare@psi.edu FU NASA Mars Fundamental Research Grant [NNX11AN37G, NNH12AT59I]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship [NNX11AP34H] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of NASA Mars Fundamental Research Grant Numbers NNX11AN37G and NNH12AT59I. H.J.L. acknowledges support of NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship Number NNX11AP34H. We thank David Stillman, SWRI, Boulder, CO, for supplying us with our first MP6 material as well as with detailed and patient guidance on how to synthesize our own. Careful readings by S. Kirby and B. Kilgore (both USGS, Menlo Park) and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2013 VL 225 IS 2 BP 940 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.028 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183GL UT WOS:000321802400008 ER PT J AU Olson, W Emmenegger, E Glenn, J Winton, J Goetz, F AF Olson, W. Emmenegger, E. Glenn, J. Winton, J. Goetz, F. TI Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE plaque assay; qRT-PCR; viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus; yellow perch ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; REAL-TIME PCR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; RAPID DETECTION; MARINE FISH; FEVER VIRUS; NORTH-SEA; RT-PCR; RESISTANCE AB The Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb (VHSV-IVb) is capable of infecting a wide number of naive species and has been associated with large fish kills in the Midwestern United States since its discovery in 2005. The yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), a freshwater species commonly found throughout inland waters of the United States and prized for its high value in sport and commercial fisheries, is a species documented in several fish kills affiliated with VHS. In the present study, differences in survival after infection with VHSV IVb were observed among juvenile fish from three yellow perch broodstocks that were originally derived from distinct wild populations, suggesting innate differences in susceptibility due to genetic variance. While all three stocks were susceptible upon waterborne exposure to VHS virus infection, fish derived from the Midwest (Lake Winnebago, WI) showed significantly lower cumulative % survival compared with two perch stocks derived from the East Coast (Perquimans River, NC and Choptank River, MD) of the United States. However, despite differences in apparent susceptibility, clinical signs did not vary between stocks and included moderate-to-severe haemorrhages at the pelvic and pectoral fin bases and exophthalmia. After the 28-day challenge was complete, VHS virus was analysed in subsets of whole fish that had either survived or succumbed to the infection using both plaque assay and quantitative PCR methodologies. A direct correlation was identified between the two methods, suggesting the potential for both methods to be used to detect virus in a research setting. C1 [Olson, W.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Emmenegger, E.; Winton, J.] USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Glenn, J.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Goetz, F.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM rick.goetz@NOAA.gov FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, NA10OAR4170070]; ARS/USDA CRIS [58-3655-9-748, 3655-31320-002-00D]; [R/AQ-44]; [R/AQ-41] FX This work was funded in part by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, federal grant numbers NA06OAR4170011 and NA10OAR4170070, project numbers R/AQ-44 and R/AQ-41. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (#58-3655-9-748) under ARS/USDA CRIS #3655-31320-002-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. The authors greatly acknowledge the assistance of Doug Immerman, Jacob Bill, Ben Wiedenman and Erin Weber in rearing perch for the study. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 36 IS 8 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1111/jfd.12068 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 179JX UT WOS:000321517700004 PM 23305522 ER PT J AU Mu, JHE McCarl, BA Wein, AM AF Mu, Jianhong E. McCarl, Bruce A. Wein, Anne M. TI Adaptation to climate change: changes in farmland use and stocking rate in the US SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate change; Land use; Stocking rate; Fractional multinomial logit model; Climate projection; Economic impacts ID FRACTIONAL RESPONSE VARIABLES; HEAT-STRESS; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB This paper examines possible adaptations to climate change in terms of pasture and crop land use and stocking rate in the United States (U.S.). Using Agricultural Census and climate data in a statistical model, we find that as temperature and precipitation increases agricultural commodity producers respond by reducing crop land and increasing pasture land. In addition, cattle stocking rate decreases as the summer Temperature-humidity Index (THI) increases and summer precipitation decreases. Using the statistical model with climate data from four General Circulation Models (GCMs), we project that land use shifts from cropping to grazing and the stocking rate declines, and these adaptations are more pronounced in the central and the southeast regions of the U.S. Controlling for other farm production variables, crop land decreases by 6 % and pasture land increases by 33 % from the baseline. Correspondingly, the associated economic impact due to adaptation is around -14 and 29 million dollars to crop producers and pasture producers by the end of this century, respectively. The national and regional results have implications for farm programs and subsidy policies. C1 [Mu, Jianhong E.; McCarl, Bruce A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Wein, Anne M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mu, JHE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM mujh1024@gmail.com NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 18 IS 6 BP 713 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s11027-012-9384-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180CD UT WOS:000321569600002 ER PT J AU Gibs, J Heckathorn, HA Meyer, MT Klapinski, FR Alebus, M Lippincott, RL AF Gibs, Jacob Heckathorn, Heather A. Meyer, Michael T. Klapinski, Frank R. Alebus, Marzooq Lippincott, Robert L. TI Occurrence and partitioning of antibiotic compounds found in the water column and bottom sediments from a stream receiving two wastewater treatment plant effluents in Northern New Jersey, 2008 SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic; Receiving water; Sediment; Liquid chromatography / Mass spectrometry; Partitioning; Treated wastewater discharge ID AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RIVER; PHARMACEUTICALS; DRUGS; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; REMOVAL; SLUDGE AB An urban watershed in northern New Jersey was studied to determine the presence of four classes of antibiotic compounds (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) and six degradates in the water column and bottom sediments upstream and downstream from the discharges of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a drinking-water intake (DWI). Many antibiotic compounds in the four classes not removed by conventional WWTPs enter receiving waters and partition to stream sediments. Samples were collected at nine sampling locations on 2 days in September 2008. Two of the nine sampling locations were background sites upstream from two WWTP discharges on Hohokus Brook. Another background site was located upstream from a DWI on the Saddle River above the confluence with Hohokus Brook Because there is a weir downstream of the confluence of Hohokus Brook and Saddle River, the DWI receives water from Hohokus Brook at low stream flows. Eight antibiotic compounds (azithromycin (maximum concentration 024 mu g/L), ciprofloxacin (0.08 mu g/L), enrofloxacin (0.015 mu g/L), erythromycin (0.024 mu g/L), ofloxacin (0.92 mu g/L), sulfamethazine (0.018 mu g/L), sulfamethoxazole (0.25 mu g/L), and trimethoprim (0.14 mu g/L)) and a degradate (erythromycin-H2O (0.84 mu g/L)) were detected in the water samples from the sites downstream from the VVWTP discharges. The concentrations of six of the eight detected compounds and the detected degradate compound decreased with increasing distance downstream from the WVVTP discharges. Azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim were detected in stream-bottom sediments. The concentrations of three of the four compounds detected in sediments were highest at a sampling site located downstream from the WWTP discharges. Trimethoprim was detected in the sediments from a background site. Pseudo-partition coefficients normalized for streambed sediment organic carbon concentration were calculated for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Generally, there was good agreement between the decreasing order of the pseudo-partition coefficients in this study and the order reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gibs, Jacob; Heckathorn, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Klapinski, Frank R.; Alebus, Marzooq; Lippincott, Robert L.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Gibs, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jgibs@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Environmental Analysis and Restoration; Office of Science; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX This research was funded by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Environmental Analysis and Restoration and the Office of Science and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The authors thank Zoltan Szabo of the U.S. Geological Survey for his technical review, and Anna C. Deetz for her assistance with Figure 1 and geographic data analysis. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 136 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 458 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.076 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171CC UT WOS:000320901700014 PM 23644564 ER PT J AU Herring, G Eagles-Smith, CA Ackerman, JT Gawlik, DE Beerens, JM AF Herring, Garth Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Ackerman, Joshua T. Gawlik, Dale E. Beerens, James M. TI Landscape factors and hydrology influence mercury concentrations in wading birds breeding in the Florida Everglades, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Great egret; Hydrology; Methylmercury; Everglades; Wetlands; White ibis ID IBISES EUDOCIMUS-ALBUS; GREAT EGRET NESTLINGS; WHITE IBIS; PREY AVAILABILITY; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; METHYL MERCURY; NATIONAL-PARK; ARDEA-ALBUS; METHYLMERCURY; WETLAND AB The hydrology of wetland ecosystems is a key driver of both mercury (Hg) methylation and waterbird foraging ecology, and hence may play a fundamental role in waterbird exposure and risk to Hg contamination. However, few studies have investigated hydrological factors that influence waterbird Hg exposure. We examined how several landscape-level hydrological variables influenced Hg concentrations in great egret and white ibis adults and chicks in the Florida Everglades. The great egret is a visual "exploiter" species that tolerates lower prey densities and is less sensitive to hydrological conditions than is the white ibis, which is a tactile "searcher" species that pursues higher prey densities in shallow water. Mercury concentrations in adult great egrets were most influenced by the spatial region that they occupied in the Everglades (higher in the southern region); whereas the number of days a site was dry during the previous dry season was the most important factor influencing Hg concentrations in adult ibis (Hg concentrations increased with the number of days dry). In contrast, Hg concentrations in egret chicks were most influenced by calendar date (increasing with date), whereas Hg concentrations in ibis chicks were most influenced by chick age, region, and water recession rate (Hg concentrations decreased with age, were higher in the southern regions, and increased with positive water recession rates). Our results indicate that both recent (preceding two weeks) hydrological conditions, and those of the prior year, influence Hg concentrations in wading birds. Further, these results suggest that Hg exposure in wading birds is driven by complex relationships between wading bird behavior and life stage, landscape hydrologic patterns, and biogeochemical processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herring, Garth; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Gawlik, Dale E.; Beerens, James M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33440 USA. RP Herring, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gherring@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for research was provided by a grant to DEG and GH from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and support from the U.S. Geological Survey. We appreciate the support and cooperation of the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge staff. We thank our field research crews and fellow researchers that assisted in collection of field data and laboratory analyses: T. Anderson, N. Baker, T. Beck, B. Botson, K. Donner, H. Herring, N. Hill, A Horton, B. Imdieke, B. Johnson, S. Lantz, and J. Pierce. M. Herzog kindly provided valuable advice and assistance on model selection and program R analyses. A Jackson and M. Ricca provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Florida Atlantic University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol A0534) approved the research techniques, and we conducted the research under United States Fish and Wildlife Service Research Permit 23354 and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Scientific Research Permit WX04487. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 458 BP 637 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171CC UT WOS:000320901700068 PM 23707869 ER PT J AU Foulger, GR Panza, GF Artemieva, IM Bastow, ID Cammarano, F Evans, JR Hamilton, WB Julian, BR Lustrino, M Thybo, H Yanovskaya, TB AF Foulger, Gillian R. Panza, Giuliano F. Artemieva, Irina M. Bastow, Ian D. Cammarano, Fabio Evans, John R. Hamilton, Warren B. Julian, Bruce R. Lustrino, Michele Thybo, Hans Yanovskaya, Tatiana B. TI Caveats on tomographic images SO TERRA NOVA LA English DT Review ID SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; UPPER-MANTLE BENEATH; EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; ASTHENOSPHERE INTERACTION BENEATH; VELOCITY STRUCTURE BENEATH; ONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU; GROSS EARTH DATA; TRAVEL-TIMES; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; SHEAR-VELOCITY AB Geological and geodynamic models of the mantle often rely on joint interpretations of published seismic tomography images and petrological/geochemical data. This approach tends to neglect the fundamental limitations of, and uncertainties in, seismic tomography results. These limitations and uncertainties involve theory, correcting for the crust, the lack of rays throughout much of the mantle, the difficulty in obtaining the true strength of anomalies, choice of what background model to subtract to reveal anomalies, and what cross-sections to select for publication. The aim of this review is to provide a relatively non-technical summary of the most important of these problems, collected together in a single paper, and presented in a form accessible to non-seismologists. Appreciation of these issues is essential if final geodynamic models are to be robust, and required by the scientific observations. C1 [Foulger, Gillian R.; Julian, Bruce R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Panza, Giuliano F.] Univ Trieste, Dept Math & Geosci, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Panza, Giuliano F.] Abdus Salam ICTP SAND Grp, Trieste, Italy. [Panza, Giuliano F.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Artemieva, Irina M.; Cammarano, Fabio; Thybo, Hans] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bastow, Ian D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Evans, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hamilton, Warren B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lustrino, Michele] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Lustrino, Michele] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, CNR, IGAG, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Yanovskaya, Tatiana B.] Sankt Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys Earth, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Foulger, GR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk RI Bastow, Ian/I-3783-2013; Yanovskaya, Tatiana/K-4657-2013; Artemieva, Irina/C-2106-2013; OI Bastow, Ian/0000-0003-1468-9278; Yanovskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0221-1034; Artemieva, Irina/0000-0002-3207-2901; Giuliano, Panza/0000-0003-3504-3038; Lustrino, Michele/0000-0002-1212-7207 FU Progetto Quadro Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia "Definition of seismic and tsunami hazard scenarios by means of Indo-European e-infrastructures"; Italian PNRA and PRIN; MIUR-PRIN [2008HM HYFP_005]; [FNU-31402] FX We thank Adam Dziewonski, Rob van der Hilst, Jeroen Ritsema, Don Anderson and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the draft manuscripts. GFP thanks Progetto Quadro Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia "Definition of seismic and tsunami hazard scenarios by means of Indo-European e-infrastructures", and the Italian PNRA and PRIN for partial financial support of the research that led to some of the results discussed in this article. IMA acknowledges research grant FNU-31402. ML acknowledges grants AST 2008, 2009, Ateneo 2010, 2011 and MIUR-PRIN 2008 (Grant no. 2008HM HYFP_005). NR 214 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 46 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0954-4879 EI 1365-3121 J9 TERRA NOVA JI Terr. Nova PD AUG PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 259 EP 281 DI 10.1111/ter.12041 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177AF UT WOS:000321347200001 ER PT J AU Donovan, MK Friedlander, AM DeMartini, EE Donahue, MJ Williams, ID AF Donovan, Mary K. Friedlander, Alan M. DeMartini, Edward E. Donahue, Megan J. Williams, Ivor D. TI Demographic patterns in the peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus), an introduced Hawaiian reef fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Growth rate; Coral reef fish; Cephalopholis argus; Grouper; Invasive; Marine introduction ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEF; LIFE-HISTORY; SPATIAL SCALES; WAVE EXPOSURE; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MODEL AB This study took advantage of a unique opportunity to collect large sample sizes of a coral reef fish species across a range of physical and biological features of the Hawaiian Archipelago to investigate variability in the demography of an invasive predatory coral reef fish, Cephalopholis argus (Family: Epinephelidae). Age-based demographic analyses were conducted at 10 locations in the main Hawaiian Islands and estimates of weight-at-length, size-at-age, and longevity were compared among locations. Each metric differed among locations, although patterns were not consistent across metrics. Length-weight relationships for C. argus differed among locations and individuals weighed less at a given length at Hilo, the southernmost location studied. Longevity differed among and within islands and was greater at locations on Maui and Hawaii compared to the more northern locations on Oahu and Kauai. Within-island growth patterns differed at Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii. This work provides a case study of fundamental life history information from distant and/or spatially limited locations that are critical for developing robust fishery models. The differences observed both among and within islands indicate that variability may be driven by cross-scale mechanisms that need to be considered in fisheries stock assessments and ecosystem-based management. C1 [Donovan, Mary K.; Williams, Ivor D.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Donahue, Megan J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Donovan, MK (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM donovan.maryk@gmail.com OI Donahue, Megan/0000-0002-7529-001X FU National Science Foundation [OCE08-52301, OCE11-29199]; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Hawaii Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit FX This project was made possible by the many fishers throughout Hawaii who have caught roi over the years. Funding was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Hawaii Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit. We thank B. Wolfe, V. Scarborough, S. Ciarcia, N. Torkelson, E. Richards, T. Wooton, B. Roehl, H. Koike, P. Usseglio, K. Stamoulis, E. Schemmel, I. Iglesias, and H. Holt who assisted with data collection. Chad Wiggens, J. Giddens and M. Ramsey were instrumental in forming collaborations and obtaining samples. This project was in collaboration with P. Bienfang and S. Defelice of the Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine who were funded by National Science Foundation grants OCE08-52301 and OCE11-29199. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2013 VL 96 IS 8 BP 981 EP 994 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0095-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169ZJ UT WOS:000320819000008 ER PT J AU Van Gosen, BS Blitz, TA Plumlee, GS Meeker, GP Pierson, MP AF Van Gosen, Bradley S. Blitz, Thomas A. Plumlee, Geoffrey S. Meeker, Gregory P. Pierson, M. Patrick TI Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: an emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Erionite; Fibrous; Carcinogen; United States; Environmental; Occurrences ID MESOTHELIOMA EPIDEMIC; ZEOLITES OFFRETITE; HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS; TURKISH VILLAGES; SERIES MINERALS; EXPOSURE; TURKEY; NEVADA; MORDENITE; REGION AB Erionite, a mineral series within the zeolite group, is classified as a Group 1 known respiratory carcinogen. This designation resulted from extremely high incidences of mesothelioma discovered in three small villages from the Cappadocia region of Turkey, where the disease was linked to environmental exposures to fibrous forms of erionite. Natural deposits of erionite, including fibrous forms, have been identified in the past in the western United States. Until recently, these occurrences have generally been overlooked as a potential hazard. In the last several years, concerns have emerged regarding the potential for environmental and occupational exposures to erionite in the United States, such as erionite-bearing gravels in western North Dakota mined and used to surface unpaved roads. As a result, there has been much interest in identifying locations and geologic environments across the United States where erionite occurs naturally. A 1996 U.S. Geological Survey report describing erionite occurrences in the United States has been widely cited as a compilation of all US erionite deposits; however, this compilation only focused on one of several geologic environments in which erionite can form. Also, new occurrences of erionite have been identified in recent years. Using a detailed literature survey, this paper updates and expands the erionite occurrences database, provided in a supplemental file (US_erionite.xls). Epidemiology, public health, and natural hazard studies can incorporate this information on known erionite occurrences and their characteristics. By recognizing that only specific geologic settings and formations are hosts to erionite, this knowledge can be used in developing management plans designed to protect the public. C1 [Van Gosen, Bradley S.; Blitz, Thomas A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Meeker, Gregory P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pierson, M. Patrick] US Forest Serv, Billings, MT 59105 USA. RP Van Gosen, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM bvangose@usgs.gov OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD AUG PY 2013 VL 35 IS 4 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 175ON UT WOS:000321240100001 PM 23315055 ER PT J AU Lynch, DK Hudnut, KW Adams, PM AF Lynch, David K. Hudnut, Kenneth W. Adams, Paul M. TI Development and growth of recently-exposed fumarole fields near Mullet Island, Imperial County, California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gryphon; Mud volcano; Mud pot; Salton Sea; Salton Trough; Fumarole ID SEA GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; ACTIVE MUD VOLCANOS; PULL-APART BASINS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SALTON-SEA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; AZERBAIJAN; EVOLUTION; CALDERA; ONSHORE AB New field observations, aerial surveys, LiDAR measurements and laboratory studies of mud samples (2006 to 2012) are reported of several formerly submerged fumarole complexes that are presently undergoing surface exposure as the Salton Sea level drops. Some remain submerged as of this writing (2012). The fumarole fields range in area from 1000 to similar to 50,000 m(2). They consist of hundreds of warm to boiling hot gryphons (mud volcanoes), salses (mud pots), and countless active gas vents. Unusually-shaped mud volcanoes in the form of vertical tubes with central vents were observed in many places. Since exposure began in similar to 2007, the surface morphology has changed dramatically, with a trend toward more and growing gryphons, larger mud pots and the development of sulfur vents. Chemical analysis of mud from several gryphons revealed the presence of the ammoniated sulfate minerals boussingaultite and lecontite among other more common sulfates. With other geothermal features, the fumaroles define a well-defined lineament marking the trace of a probable fault. A model for the development of gryphon morphology is presented. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lynch, David K.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Lynch, David K.; Adams, Paul M.] Thule Sci, Topanga, CA 90290 USA. RP Lynch, DK (reprint author), Thule Sci, 22914 Portage Circle Dr, Topanga, CA 90290 USA. EM dave@caltech.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) FX We thank Christian Schoneman of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for logistic support on various occasions. We are indebted to Brad Busch for expert piloting and to John R. Bayless of First Point Scientific for assistance during the July 2011 imaging flights. Howard Hall of Howard Hall Productions rendered valuable service in obtaining the October 2011 aerial photographs. Lee Case of the USGS provided the Dewberry LiDAR data. David Dearborn helped in locating the inaccessible fumaroles by developing photogrammetry software for overlaying geographic coordinates onto the aerial images. We are grateful to M. Bonini, Daniel Brothers and Katherine Scharer for helpful comments on early drafts of this paper. This work was supported in part by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 195 BP 27 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.04.022 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 173MY UT WOS:000321084800003 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE De Vivo, B Manno, M AF Belkin, H. E. De Vivo, B. Manno, M. TI Medical geology perspective on the risks associated with volcanism and brownfields Preface SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Belkin, H. E.; De Vivo, B.; Manno, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 131 SI SI BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/S0375-6742(13)00106-4 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165JQ UT WOS:000320480300001 ER PT J AU Webb, RH Esque, TC Nussear, KE Sturm, M AF Webb, Robert H. Esque, Todd C. Nussear, Kenneth E. Sturm, Mark TI Disruption rates for one vulnerable soil in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Hiker impacts; Land management; Off-road vehicles; Soil bulk density; Soil compaction ID OFF-ROAD VEHICLES; DESERT ECOSYSTEM; MOJAVE DESERT; CALIFORNIA; DISTURBANCES; COMPACTION; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; EROSION; AREA AB Rates of soil disruption from hikers and vehicle traffic are poorly known, particularly for arid landscapes. We conducted an experiment in Organ Pipe cactus National Monument (URN) in western Arizona, USA, on an air-dry very fine sandy loam that is considered to be vulnerable to disruption. We created variable-pass tracks using hikers, an all-terrain vehicle (ATV), and a four-wheel drive vehicle (4WD) and measured changes in cross-track topography, penetration depth, and bulk density. Hikers (one pass = 5 hikers) increased bulk density and altered penetration depth but caused minimal surface disruption up to 100 passes; a minimum of 10 passes were required to overcome surface strength of this dry soil. Both ATV and 4WD traffic significantly disrupted the soil with one pass, creating deep ruts with increasing passes that rendered the 4WD trail impassable after 20 passes. Despite considerable soil loosening (dilation), bulk density increased in the vehicle trails, and lateral displacement created berms of loosened soil. This soil type, when dry, can sustain up to 10 passes of hikers but only one vehicle pass before significant soil disruption occurs; greater disruption is expected when soils are wet. Bulk density increased logarithmically with applied pressure from hikers, ATV, and 4WD. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Esque, Todd C.; Nussear, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Sturm, Mark] Natl Pk Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM rhwebb@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 95 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.016 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 165IX UT WOS:000320478200009 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Liu, HP Dahal, D Jin, SM Welp, LR Liu, JX Liu, SG AF Huang, Shengli Liu, Heping Dahal, Devendra Jin, Suming Welp, Lisa R. Liu, Jinxun Liu, Shuguang TI Modeling spatially explicit fire impact on gross primary production in interior Alaska using satellite images coupled with eddy covariance SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Image reconstruction; Eddy covariance; Vegetation production; Gross primary production; Fire; Alaska ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF FOREST; CANADIAN BOREAL FOREST; LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; CLIMATE DATA; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; POSTFIRE VEGETATION; CARBON BALANCE AB In interior Alaska, wildfires change gross primary production (GPP) after the initial disturbance. The impact of fires on GPP is spatially heterogeneous, which is difficult to evaluate by limited point-based comparisons or is insufficient to assess by satellite vegetation index. The direct prefire and postfire comparison is widely used, but the recovery identification may become biased due to interannual climate variability. The objective of this study is to propose a method to quantify the spatially explicit GPP change caused by fires and succession. We collected three Landsat images acquired on 13 July 2004,5 August 2004, and 6 September 2004 to examine the GPP recovery of burned area from 1987 to 2004. A prefire Landsat image acquired in 1986 was used to reconstruct satellite images assuming that the fires of 1987-2004 had not occurred. We used a light-use efficiency model to estimate the GPP. This model was driven by maximum light-use efficiency (E-max) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (F-PAR). We applied this model to two scenarios (i.e., an actual postfire scenario and an assuming-no-fire scenario), where the changes in E-max and F-PAR were taken into account. The changes in E-max were represented by the change in land cover of evergreen needleleaf forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, and shrub/grass mixed, whose E-max was determined from three fire chronosequence flux towers as 1.1556, 13336, and 0.5098 gC/MJ PAR. The changes in F-PAR were inferred from NDVI change between the actual postfire NDVI and the reconstructed NDVI. After GPP quantification for July, August, and September 2004, we calculated the difference between the two scenarios in absolute and percent GPP changes. Our results showed rapid recovery of GPP post-fire with a 24% recovery immediately after burning and 43% one year later. For the fire scars with an age range of 2-17 years, the recovery rate ranged from 54% to 95%. In addition to the averaging, our approach further revealed the spatial heterogeneity of fire impact on GPP, allowing one to examine the spatially explicit GPP change caused by fires. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Huang, Shengli; Jin, Suming] USGS EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Heping] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dahal, Devendra; Liu, Jinxun] USGS EROS Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Welp, Lisa R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use, Research and Development, and Climate Effect Network programs. The authors greatly thank Dr. James Randerson at University of California for providing the flux tower data, Dr. Stephanie McAfee for climate data, Dr. Shuang Li for internally reviewing the manuscript, and Thomas Adamson and Sandra Cooper for revising the English. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 135 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 164OJ UT WOS:000320419100015 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Tanner, TL AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Tanner, Theresa L. TI Bayesian implementation of a time stratified Lincoln-Petersen estimator for salmon abundance in the upper Matanuska River, Alaska, USA SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific salmon; Bayesian modeling; Mark-recapture; Time stratified; WinBUGS ID MARK-RECAPTURE ESTIMATION; SMOLT POPULATION; MODEL; WINBUGS; CENSUS; SIZE AB Time stratified Lincoln-Petersen mark-recapture models can generate estimates of salmon abundance that are robust to capture heterogeneity. Bayesian implementation of these estimators provides a flexible framework to formulate different model structures, including random effects structures and models with functional relationships between parameters and covariates, and can successfully generate estimates in the face of sparse data. In this article, we used a Bayesian time stratified Lincoln-Petersen model to provide first ever abundance estimates of chum, Oncorhynchus keta, coho, O. kisutch, and sockeye salmon, O. nerka, in the upper Matanuska River, Alaska, USA, using tagging data from 2009. For each species, we formulated a suite of twelve model structures and used deviance information criterion based multimodel inference and model averaging to estimate salmon abundance. Model averaged point estimates for upper river 2009 chum, coho, and sockeye salmon were 54,720, 11,430, and 13,750, fish respectively, supporting a growing body of ecological research which demonstrates that glacial river systems can sustain significant Pacific salmon runs. Results identified time varying probability of capture for chum and coho salmon, and population estimates were 17% and 8% higher, respectively, than estimates from a simple pooled Lincoln-Petersen model which has been demonstrated to be biased low in the face of capture heterogeneity. Capture heterogeneity was not found for sockeye salmon, and the model averaged time stratified and pooled Lincoln-Petersen estimates agreed closely. Time stratified models can potentially produce more accurate estimates, however, the additional model complexity results in less precise abundance estimates compared to the simple pooled Lincoln-Petersen estimator. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tanner, Theresa L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 145 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.02.004 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 152SA UT WOS:000319550200011 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Vallazza, JM Nelson, JC AF Larson, James H. Richardson, William B. Vallazza, Jon M. Nelson, John C. TI Rivermouth Alteration of Agricultural Impacts on Consumer Tissue delta N-15 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; FOOD WEBS; HYDROLOGY; INFERENCE; TRIBUTARY; ISOTOPES; WETLANDS; REFLECT; STREAMS AB Terrestrial agricultural activities strongly influence riverine nitrogen (N) dynamics, which is reflected in the delta N-15 of riverine consumer tissues. However, processes within aquatic ecosystems also influence consumer tissue delta N-15. As aquatic processes become more important terrestrial inputs may become a weaker predictor of consumer tissue delta N-15. In a previous study, this terrestrial-consumer tissue delta N-15 connection was very strong at river sites, but was disrupted by processes occurring in rivermouths (the 'rivermouth effect'). This suggested that watershed indicators of N loading might be accurate in riverine settings, but could be inaccurate when considering N loading to the nearshore of large lakes and oceans. In this study, the rivermouth effect was examined on twenty-five sites spread across the Laurentian Great Lakes. Relationships between agriculture and consumer tissue delta N-15 occurred in both upstream rivers and at the outlets where rivermouths connect to the nearshore zone, but agriculture explained less variation and had a weaker effect at the outlet. These results suggest that rivermouths may sometimes be significant sources or sinks of N, which would cause N loading estimates to the nearshore zone that are typically made at discharge gages further upstream to be inaccurate. Identifying definitively the controls over the rivermouth effect on N loading (and other nutrients) will require integration of biogeochemical and hydrologic models. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, William B.; Vallazza, Jon M.; Nelson, John C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [82] FX This project was funded by a Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Grant (Project #82). Any use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e69313 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069313 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 194LB UT WOS:000322633700024 PM 23935980 ER PT J AU Monson, DH Udevitz, MS Jay, CV AF Monson, Daniel H. Udevitz, Mark S. Jay, Chadwick V. TI Estimating Age Ratios and Size of Pacific Walrus Herds on Coastal Haulouts using Video Imaging SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; SEA; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB During Arctic summers, sea ice provides resting habitat for Pacific walruses as it drifts over foraging areas in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Climate-driven reductions in sea ice have recently created ice-free conditions in the Chukchi Sea by late summer causing walruses to rest at coastal haulouts along the Chukotka and Alaska coasts, which provides an opportunity to study walruses at relatively accessible locations. Walrus age can be determined from the ratio of tusk length to snout dimensions. We evaluated use of images obtained from a gyro-stabilized video system mounted on a helicopter flying at high altitudes (to avoid disturbance) to classify the sex and age of walruses hauled out on Alaska beaches in 2010-2011. We were able to classify 95% of randomly selected individuals to either an 8- or 3-category age class, and we found measurement-based age classifications were more repeatable than visual classifications when using images presenting the correct head profile. Herd density at coastal haulouts averaged 0.88 walruses/m(2) (std. err. = 0.02), herd size ranged from 8,300 to 19,400 (CV 0.03-0.06) and we documented similar to 30,000 animals along similar to 1 km of beach in 2011. Within the herds, dependent walruses (0-2 yr-olds) tended to be located closer to water, and this tendency became more pronounced as the herd spent more time on the beach. Therefore, unbiased estimation of herd age-ratios will require a sampling design that allows for spatial and temporal structuring. In addition, randomly sampling walruses available at the edge of the herd for other purposes (e.g., tagging, biopsying) will not sample walruses with an age structure representative of the herd. Sea ice losses are projected to continue, and population age structure data collected with aerial videography at coastal haulouts may provide demographic information vital to ongoing efforts to understand effects of climate change on this species. C1 [Monson, Daniel H.; Udevitz, Mark S.; Jay, Chadwick V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Monson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM dmonson@usgs.gov RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013; OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673; Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. The USGS employs the authors and requires peer reviewed study plans and all manuscripts are reviewed as per the Fundamental Science Practices Policy of the USGS (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e69806 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069806 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 194LB UT WOS:000322633700045 PM 23936106 ER PT J AU Han, Y Wang, GC Cravotta, CA Hu, WY Bian, YY Zhang, ZW Liu, YY AF Han, Yong Wang, Guangcai Cravotta, Charles A., III Hu, Weiyue Bian, Yueyue Zhang, Zongwen Liu, Yuanyuan TI Hydrogeochemical evolution of Ordovician limestone groundwater in Yanzhou, North China SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water-rock interactions; hydrogeochemical evolution; Karst aquifer; Yanzhou Coalfield; North China ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-METHODS; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; WATER CHEMISTRY; BASIN; FLOW; AQUIFER AB Major-ion compositions of groundwater are employed in this study of the water-rock interactions and hydrogeochemical evolution within a carbonate aquifer system. The groundwater samples were collected from boreholes or underground tunnels in the Ordovician limestone of Yanzhou Coalfield where catastrophic groundwater inflows can be hazardous to mining and impact use of the groundwater as a water supply. The concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) ranged from 961 to 3555mg/l and indicates moderately to highly mineralized water. The main water-type of the middle Ordovician limestone groundwater is Ca-Mg-SO4, with SO42- ranging from 537 to 2297mg/l, and average values of Ca2+ and Mg2+ of 455.7 and 116.6mg/l, respectively. The water samples were supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite and undersaturated or saturated with respect to gypsum. Along the general flow direction, deduced from increases of TDS and Cl-, the main water-rock interactions that caused hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater within the aquifer were the dissolution of gypsum, the precipitation of calcite, the dissolution or precipitation of dolomite, and ion exchange. Ion exchange is the major cause for the lower mole concentration of Ca2+ than that of SO42-. The groundwater level of Ordovician aquifer is much higher than that of C-P coal-bearing aquifers, so the potential flow direction is upward, and the pyrite in coal is not a possible source of sulfate; additional data on the stable sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of the sulfate may be helpful to identify its origin. Although ion exchange probably accounts for the higher mole concentration of Na+ than that of Cl-, the dissolution of aluminosilicate cannot be ruled out. The data evaluation methods and results of this study could be useful in other areas to understand flow paths in aquifers and to provide information needed to identify the origin of groundwater. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Han, Yong; Wang, Guangcai; Bian, Yueyue; Zhang, Zongwen; Liu, Yuanyuan] China Univ Geosci, Sch Water Resources & Environm, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Han, Yong; Wang, Guangcai] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Cravotta, Charles A., III] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, New Cumberland, PA USA. [Hu, Weiyue] China Coal Res Inst, Xian Branch, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Wang, GC (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Water Resources & Environm, 29 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM wanggc@cugb.edu.cn FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [53200959016]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2006CB202205]; NSFC [40930637] FX Thanks are given to the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 53200959016), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2006CB202205) and NSFC (No. 40930637) for financial supports and our staffs for sample collections. The authors would like to thank the reviewers of this paper for their useful comments. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2247 EP 2257 DI 10.1002/hyp.9297 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 285YG UT WOS:000329430400002 ER PT J AU Powell, SL Hansen, AJ Rodhouse, TJ Garrett, LK Betancourt, JL Dicus, GH Lonneker, MK AF Powell, Scott L. Hansen, Andrew J. Rodhouse, Thomas J. Garrett, Lisa K. Betancourt, Julio L. Dicus, Gordon H. Lonneker, Meghan K. TI Woodland Dynamics at the Northern Range Periphery: A Challenge for Protected Area Management in a Changing World SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; JUNIPER WOODLAND; GLOBAL-CHANGE; LATE-HOLOCENE; PINYON PINE; FIRE; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; RESTORATION AB Managers of protected natural areas increasingly are confronted with novel ecological conditions and conflicting objectives to preserve the past while fostering resilience for an uncertain future. This dilemma may be pronounced at range peripheries where rates of change are accelerated and ongoing invasions often are perceived as threats to local ecosystems. We provide an example from City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO) in southern Idaho, positioned at the northern range periphery of pinyon-juniper (P-J) woodland. Reserve managers are concerned about P-J woodland encroachment into adjacent sagebrush steppe, but the rates and biophysical variability of encroachment are not well documented and management options are not well understood. We quantified the rate and extent of woodland change between 1950 and 2009 based on a random sample of aerial photo interpretation plots distributed across biophysical gradients. Our study revealed that woodland cover remained at approximately 20% of the study area over the 59-year period. In the absence of disturbance, P-J woodlands exhibited the highest rate of increase among vegetation types at 0.37% yr(-1). Overall, late-successional P-J stands increased in area by over 100% through the process of densification (infilling). However, wildfires during the period resulted in a net decrease of woody evergreen vegetation, particularly among early and mid-successional P-J stands. Elevated wildfire risk associated with expanding novel annual grasslands and drought is likely to continue to be a fundamental driver of change in CIRO woodlands. Because P-J woodlands contribute to regional biodiversity and may contract at trailing edges with global warming, CIRO may become important to P-J woodland conservation in the future. Our study provides a widely applicable toolset for assessing woodland ecotone dynamics that can help managers reconcile the competing demands to maintain historical fidelity and contribute meaningfully to the U. S. protected area network in a future with novel, no-analog ecosystems. C1 [Powell, Scott L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hansen, Andrew J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Bend, OR USA. [Garrett, Lisa K.] Natl Pk Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Dicus, Gordon H.; Lonneker, Meghan K.] Natl Pk Serv, Upper Columbia Basin Network, Moscow, ID USA. RP Powell, SL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM spowell@montana.edu OI Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 FU National Park Service (NPS) for enhanced monitoring for climate change, Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit Agreement [H1200090004] FX Funding for this project came from the National Park Service (NPS) for enhanced monitoring for climate change, Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit Agreement # H1200090004. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e70454 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0070454 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204MP UT WOS:000323369700185 PM 23922994 ER PT J AU Das, AJ Stephenson, NL Flint, A Das, T van Mantgem, PJ AF Das, Adrian J. Stephenson, Nathan L. Flint, Alan Das, Tapash van Mantgem, Phillip J. TI Climatic Correlates of Tree Mortality in Water- and Energy-Limited Forests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DIE-OFF; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATE FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; GROWTH; MODELS; RATES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Recent increases in tree mortality rates across the western USA are correlated with increasing temperatures, but mechanisms remain unresolved. Specifically, increasing mortality could predominantly be a consequence of temperature-induced increases in either (1) drought stress, or (2) the effectiveness of tree-killing insects and pathogens. Using long-term data from California's Sierra Nevada mountain range, we found that in water-limited (low-elevation) forests mortality was unambiguously best modeled by climatic water deficit, consistent with the first mechanism. In energy-limited (high-elevation) forests deficit models were only equivocally better than temperature models, suggesting that the second mechanism is increasingly important in these forests. We could not distinguish between models predicting mortality using absolute versus relative changes in water deficit, and these two model types led to different forecasts of mortality vulnerability under future climate scenarios. Our results provide evidence for differing climatic controls of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests, while highlighting the need for an improved understanding of tree mortality processes. C1 [Das, Adrian J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Das, Tapash] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA USA. RP Das, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. EM adas@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 25 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e69917 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0069917 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 191SQ UT WOS:000322433300074 PM 23936118 ER PT J AU Santoro, M Mattiucci, S Work, T Cimmaruta, R Nardi, V Cipriani, P Bellisario, B Nascetti, G AF Santoro, Mario Mattiucci, Simonetta Work, Thierry Cimmaruta, Roberta Nardi, Valentina Cipriani, Paolo Bellisario, Bruno Nascetti, Giuseppe TI Parasitic infection by larval helminths in Antarctic fishes: pathological changes and impact on the host body condition index SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Diphyllobothridean; Tetraphyllidean; Contracaecum osculatum s.l.; Antarctic fish; Ross Sea; Pathology ID MCMURDO SOUND; ROSS SEA; FOOD-WEB; NEMATODA; ANISAKIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; ASCARIDOIDEA; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB We examined pathological changes and relationship between body condition index (BCI) and parasitic infection in 5 species of fish, including 42 icefish Chionodraco hamatus (Channichtyidae), 2 dragonfish Cygnodraco mawsoni (Bathydraconidae), 30 emerald rock cod Trematomus bernacchii, 46 striped rock cod T. hansoni and 9 dusty rock cod T. newnesi (Nototheniidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. All parasites were identified by a combination of morphology and mtDNA cytochrome-oxidase-2 sequence (mtDNA cox2) analysis, except Contracaecum osculatum s.l., for which only the latter was used. Five larval taxa were associated with pathological changes including 2 sibling species (D and E) of the C. osculatum species complex and 3 cestodes including plerocercoids of a diphyllobothridean, and 2 tetraphyllidean forms including cercoids with monolocular and bilocular bothridia. The most heavily infected hosts were C. hamatus and C. mawsoni, with C. hamatus most often infected by C. osculatum sp. D and sp. E and diphyllobothrideans, while C. mawsoni was most often infected with tetraphyllidean forms. Histologically, all fish showed varying severity of chronic inflammation associated with larval forms of helminths. Diphyllobothrideans and C. osculatum spp. were located in gastric muscularis or liver and were associated with necrosis and mild to marked fibrosis. Moderate multifocal rectal mucosal chronic inflammation was associated with attached tetraphyllidean scolices. C. hamatus showed a strong negative correlation between BCI and parasite burden. C1 [Santoro, Mario; Mattiucci, Simonetta; Nardi, Valentina; Cipriani, Paolo] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Publ Hlth & Infect Dis, Sect Parasitol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Santoro, Mario; Cimmaruta, Roberta; Nardi, Valentina; Bellisario, Bruno; Nascetti, Giuseppe] Univ Tuscia, Dept Ecol & Biol Sci, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. [Work, Thierry] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Santoro, M (reprint author), Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Publ Hlth & Infect Dis, Sect Parasitol, Piazzale Aldo Moro, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM marisant@libero.it RI Bellisario, Bruno/D-5766-2015; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Bellisario, Bruno/0000-0002-5339-0757; Cimmaruta, Roberta/0000-0002-1421-5155; Nascetti, Giuseppe/0000-0002-1159-8103 FU Italian Project PRNA (Italian Ministry of Education and Research-MIUR) FX This study was supported by the Italian Project PRNA 2009 (Italian Ministry of Education and Research-MIUR) 'Spatial-temporal genetic diversity of endoparasites in polar regions: an approach to the study of the impact of global changes on the marine trophic webs'. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUL 22 PY 2013 VL 105 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.3354/dao02626 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 187RF UT WOS:000322135600005 PM 23872857 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Martin, TE van Riper, C Beard, TD AF Haig, Susan M. Martin, Thomas E. van Riper, Charles, III Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. TI Pathways for Conservation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Haig, Susan M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Haig, Susan M.] Amer Ornithologists Union, Washington, DC USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT USA. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] World Council Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. EM susan_haig@usgs.gov; tmartin@usgs.gov; charles_van_riper@usgs.gov; dbeard@usgs.gov RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 19 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6143 BP 215 EP 215 DI 10.1126/science.1242710 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 185HV UT WOS:000321959300001 PM 23868987 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Birks, J Rover, J Guldager, N AF Anderson, Lesleigh Birks, Jean Rover, Jennifer Guldager, Nikki TI Controls on recent Alaskan lake changes identified from water isotopes and remote sensing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lakes; surface water; stable isotopes; water balance; sub-Arctic; discontinuous permafrost ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CANADA; YUKON; PRECIPITATION; PERMAFROST; MOISTURE; REGIMES; BASINS AB High-latitude lakes are important for terrestrial carbon dynamics and waterfowl habitat driving a need to better understand controls on lake area changes. To identify the existence and cause of recent lake area changes in the Yukon Flats, a region of discontinuous permafrost in north central Alaska, we evaluate remotely sensed imagery with lake water isotope compositions and hydroclimatic parameters. Isotope compositions indicate that mixtures of precipitation, river water, and groundwater source similar to 95% of the studied lakes. The remaining minority are more dominantly sourced by snowmelt and/or permafrost thaw. Isotope-based water balance estimates indicate 58% of lakes lose more than half of inflow by evaporation. For 26% of the lakes studied, evaporative losses exceeded supply. Surface area trend analysis indicates that most lakes were near their maximum extent in the early 1980s during a relatively cool and wet period. Subsequent reductions can be explained by moisture deficits and greater evaporation. C1 [Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Birks, Jean] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Guldager, Nikki] Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM land@usgs.gov OI Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change RD Program; USFWS Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge FX The USGS Climate and Land Use Change R&D Program and the USFWS Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge supported this research. We thank Tyler Lewis for providing 2011 water samples. Chris Eastoe, University of Arizona Environmental Isotope Laboratory, provided isotope data; Paco VanSistine provided GIS support. We thank John Gibson for early insights into the data and Ted Hogg for CMI and P-PET estimates. We appreciate manuscript reviews by Tyler Lewis, Brent Wolfe, and anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 13 BP 3413 EP 3418 DI 10.1002/grl.50672 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 244NQ UT WOS:000326396600027 ER PT J AU Cornelissen, G Rutherford, DW Arp, HPH Dorsch, P Kelly, CN Rostad, CE AF Cornelissen, Gerard Rutherford, David W. Arp, Hans Peter H. Dorsch, Peter Kelly, Charlene N. Rostad, Colleen E. TI Sorption of Pure N2O to Biochars and Other Organic and Inorganic Materials under Anhydrous Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR/SURFACE ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; DIVERSE SET; RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; CO2 EMISSIONS; PASTURE SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; AMENDMENT; VAPORS AB Suppression of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil is commonly observed after amendment with biochar. The mechanisms accounting for this suppression are not yet understood. One possible contributing mechanism is N2O sorption to biochar. The sorption of N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) to four biochars was measured in an anhydrous system with pure N2O. The biochar data were compared to those for two activated carbons and other components potentially present in soils-uncharred pine wood and peat-and five inorganic metal oxides with variable surface areas. Langmuir maximum sorption capacities (Q(max)) for N2O on the pine wood biochars (generated between 250 and 500 degrees C) and activated carbons were 17-73 cm(3) g(-1) at 20 degrees C (median 51 cm(3) g(-1)), with Langmuir affinities (b) of 2-5 atm(-1) (median 3.4 atm(-1)). Both Q(max) and b of the charred materials were substantially higher than those for peat, uncharred wood, and metal oxides [Q(max) 1-34 cm(3) g(-1) (median 7 cm(3) g(-1)); b 0.4-1.7 atm(-1) (median 0.7 atm(-1))]. This indicates that biochar can bind N2O more strongly than both mineral and organic soil materials. Q(max) and b for CO2 were comparable to those for N2O. Modeled sorption coefficients obtained with an independent polyparameterlinear free-energy relationship matched measured data within a factor 2 for mineral surfaces but underestimated by a factor of 5-24 for biochar and carbonaceous surfaces. Isosteric enthalpies of sorption of N2O were mostly between -20 and -30 kJ mol(-1), slightly more exothermic than enthalpies of condensation (-16.1 kJ mol(-1)). Q(max) of N2O on biochar (50000-130000 mu g g(-1) biochar at 20 degrees C) exceeded the N2O emission suppressions observed in the literature (range 0.5-960 mu g g(-1) biochar; median 16 mu g g(-1)) by several orders of magnitude. Thus, the hypothesis could not be falsified that sorption of N2O to biochar is a mechanism of N2O emission suppression. C1 [Rutherford, David W.; Kelly, Charlene N.; Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cornelissen, Gerard; Arp, Hans Peter H.] NGI, Dept Environm Engn, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway. [Cornelissen, Gerard; Dorsch, Peter] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci IPM, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Cornelissen, Gerard] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Cornelissen, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gco@ngi.no; dwruther@usgs.org RI Arp, Hans Peter/D-3733-2009; Arp, Hans Peter H./C-5942-2015 OI Arp, Hans Peter/0000-0002-0747-8838; Arp, Hans Peter H./0000-0002-0747-8838 FU Norwegian Research Council [217918]; FriPro personal stipend FX Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council Project 217918 "Biochar" and a FriPro personal stipend to G.C. Jan Mulder (UMB) and Joseph J. Pignatello (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station) are thanked for fruitful discussions. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 14 BP 7704 EP 7712 DI 10.1021/es400676q PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186QS UT WOS:000322059800018 PM 23758057 ER PT J AU Kern, C Werner, C Elias, T Sutton, AJ Lubcke, P AF Kern, Christoph Werner, Cynthia Elias, Tamar Sutton, A. Jeff Luebcke, Peter TI Applying UV cameras for SO2 detection to distant or optically thick volcanic plumes SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE UV camera; Sulfur dioxide; Volcanic emissions; Radiative transfer; Remote sensing; Spectroscopy ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; EYJAFJALLAJOKULL VOLCANO; SULFATE AEROSOLS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE; MODEL; ASH; VISIBILITY AB Ultraviolet (UV) camera systems represent an exciting new technology for measuring two dimensional sulfur dioxide (SO2) distributions in volcanic plumes. The high frame rate of the cameras allows the retrieval of SO2 emission rates at time scales of 1 Hz or higher, thus allowing the investigation of high-frequency signals and making integrated and comparative studies with other high-data-rate volcano monitoring techniques possible. One drawback of the technique, however, is the limited spectral information recorded by the imaging systems. Here, a framework for simulating the sensitivity of UV cameras to various SO2 distributions is introduced. Both the wavelength-dependent transmittance of the optical imaging system and the radiative transfer in the atmosphere are modeled. The framework is then applied to study the behavior of different optical setups and used to simulate the response of these instruments to volcanic plumes containing varying SO2 and aerosol abundances located at various distances from the sensor. Results show that UV radiative transfer in and around distant and/or optically thick plumes typically leads to a lower sensitivity to SO2 than expected when assuming a standard Beer-Lambert absorption model. Furthermore, camera response is often non-linear in SO2 and dependent on distance to the plume and plume aerosol optical thickness and single scatter albedo. The model results are compared with camera measurements made at Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) and a method for integrating moderate resolution differential optical absorption spectroscopy data with UV imagery to retrieve improved SO2 column densities is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kern, Christoph] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Werner, Cynthia] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A. Jeff] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Luebcke, Peter] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Kern, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM ckern@usgs.gov; cwerner@usgs.gov; telias@usgs.gov; ajsutton@usgs.gov; pluebcke@iup.uni-heidelberg.de OI Kern, Christoph/0000-0002-8920-5701 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program; Richard Lounsbery Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Tim Deutschmann for providing the radiative transfer model McArtim along with helpful advice on its use. Also, thanks to David Schneider and two anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript. The USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program and the Richard Lounsbery Foundation are gratefully acknowledged for providing partial funding for this study. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 262 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.06.009 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 222HW UT WOS:000324722800007 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Irwin, BJ Bence, JR Hayes, DB AF Wagner, Tyler Irwin, Brian J. Bence, James R. Hayes, Daniel B. TI Detecting Temporal Trends in Freshwater Fisheries Surveys: Statistical Power and the Important Linkages between Management Questions and Monitoring Objectives SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURED DECISION-MAKING; REGIONAL TRENDS; TROUT POPULATIONS; YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA LAKE; DESIGNS; HABITAT; WALLEYE; STREAMS AB Monitoring to detect temporal trends in biological and habitat indices is a critical component of fisheries management. Thus, it is important that management objectives are linked to monitoring objectives. This linkage requires a definition of what constitutes a management-relevant temporal trend. It is also important to develop expectations for the amount of time required to detect a trend (i.e., statistical power) and for choosing an appropriate statistical model for analysis. We provide an overview of temporal trends commonly encountered in fisheries management, review published studies that evaluated statistical power of long-term trend detection, and illustrate dynamic linear models in a Bayesian context, as an additional analytical approach focused on shorter term change. We show that monitoring programs generally have low statistical power for detecting linear temporal trends and argue that often management should be focused on different definitions of trends, some of which can be better addressed by alternative analytical approaches. C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Restoration Act; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Lakes Restoration Act for supporting this work and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission for additional support. We also thank Mike Seider (WI DNR), Lars Rudstam (Cornell University), and Jim Hoyle (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) for providing the gillnet data and Weihai Liu for assistance in developing the estimation and simulation programs. We thank Lars Rudstam, Dan Dauwalter, Phil Bettoli and one anonymous reviewer for comments on this article. This article is contribution number 2013-03 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 7 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.799466 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 181XG UT WOS:000321703000005 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, WL AF Ellsworth, William L. TI Injection-Induced Earthquakes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID DENVER EARTHQUAKES; INDUCED SEISMICITY; RESERVOIR; FLUID; TEXAS; COLORADO; HAZARD; OIL AB Earthquakes in unusual locations have become an important topic of discussion in both North America and Europe, owing to the concern that industrial activity could cause damaging earthquakes. It has long been understood that earthquakes can be induced by impoundment of reservoirs, surface and underground mining, withdrawal of fluids and gas from the subsurface, and injection of fluids into underground formations. Injection-induced earthquakes have, in particular, become a focus of discussion as the application of hydraulic fracturing to tight shale formations is enabling the production of oil and gas from previously unproductive formations. Earthquakes can be induced as part of the process to stimulate the production from tight shale formations, or by disposal of wastewater associated with stimulation and production. Here, I review recent seismic activity that may be associated with industrial activity, with a focus on the disposal of wastewater by injection in deep wells; assess the scientific understanding of induced earthquakes; and discuss the key scientific challenges to be met for assessing this hazard. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ellsworth, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ellsworth@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 255 Z9 270 U1 38 U2 365 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 12 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6142 BP 142 EP + AR 1225942 DI 10.1126/science.1225942 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 185KA UT WOS:000321965300032 PM 23846903 ER PT J AU Gendaszek, AS Magirl, CS Czuba, CR Konrad, CP AF Gendaszek, Andrew S. Magirl, Christopher S. Czuba, Christiana R. Konrad, Christopher P. TI The timing of scour and fill in a gravel-bedded river measured with buried accelerometers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Scour; Peak flow; Salmon redds ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; STREAM-BED; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; SALMONID EMBRYOS; SPAWNING HABITAT; CEDAR RIVER; CHUM SALMON; DISTURBANCE; WASHINGTON; STABILITY AB A device that measures the timing of streambed scour and the duration of sediment mobilization at specific depths of a streambed was developed using data-logging accelerometers placed within the gravel substrate of the Cedar River, Washington, USA. Each accelerometer recorded its orientation every 20 min and remained stable until the surrounding gravel matrix mobilized as sediment was transported downstream and scour reached the level of the accelerometer. The accelerometer scour monitors were deployed at 26 locations in salmon-spawning habitat during the 2010-2011 flood season to record when the streambed was scoured to the depth of typical egg-pocket deposition. Scour was recorded at one location during a moderate high-flow event (65 m(3)/s; 1.25-1.5-year recurrence interval) and at 17 locations during a larger high-flow event (159 m(3)/s; 7-year recurrence interval). Accelerometer scour monitors recorded periods of intermittent sediment mobilization and stability within a high-flow event providing insight into the duration of scour. Most scour was recorded during the rising limb and at the peak of a flood hydrograph, though some scour occurred during sustained high flows following the peak of the flood hydrograph. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gendaszek, Andrew S.; Magirl, Christopher S.; Konrad, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Czuba, Christiana R.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. RP Gendaszek, AS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM agendasz@usgs.gov OI Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549; Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X FU Seattle Public Utilities; U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank members of the Cedar River Instream Flow Commission for helping develop the ideas presented within this paper. Comments by Paul DeVries and an anonymous journal reviewer helped to improve this paper. This study was funded under a cooperative agreement between Seattle Public Utilities and the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2013 VL 495 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 177VV UT WOS:000321404400016 ER PT J AU Morway, ED Gates, TK Niswonger, RG AF Morway, Eric D. Gates, Timothy K. Niswonger, Richard G. TI Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Regional-scale groundwater modeling; Irrigation; Shallow groundwater management; Waterlogging; Water market ID RIVER VALLEY; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; MODELING FLOW; CROP YIELDS; SALINITY; BASIN; AGRICULTURE; CALIBRATION; IMPACTS AB Some of the world's key agricultural production systems face big challenges to both water quantity and quality due to shallow groundwater that results from long-term intensive irrigation, namely waterlogging and salinity, water losses, and environmental problems. This paper focuses on water quantity issues, presenting finite-difference groundwater models developed to describe shallow water table levels, non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use, and return flows to streams across two regions within an irrigated alluvial river valley in southeastern Colorado, USA. The models are calibrated and applied to simulate current baseline conditions in the alluvial aquifer system and to examine actions for potentially improving these conditions. The models provide a detailed description of regional-scale subsurface unsaturated and saturated flow processes, thereby enabling detailed spatiotemporal description of groundwater levels, recharge to infiltration ratios, partitioning of ET originating from the unsaturated and saturated zones, and groundwater flows, among other variables. Hybrid automated and manual calibration of the models is achieved using extensive observations of groundwater hydraulic head, groundwater return flow to streams, aquifer stratigraphy, canal seepage, total evapotranspiration, the portion of evapotranspiration supplied by upflux from the shallow water table, and irrigation flows. Baseline results from the two regional-scale models are compared to model predictions under variations of four alternative management schemes: (1) reduced seepage from earthen canals, (2) reduced irrigation applications, (3) rotational lease fallowing (irrigation water leased to municipalities, resulting in temporary dry-up of fields), and (4) combinations of these. The potential for increasing the average water table depth by up to 1.1 and 0.7 m in the two respective modeled regions, thereby reducing the threat of waterlogging and lowering non-beneficial consumptive use from adjacent fallow and naturally-vegetated lands, is demonstrated for the alternative management intervention scenarios considered. Net annual average savings of up to about 9.9 million m(3) (8000 ac ft) and 2.3 million m(3) (1900 ac ft) of non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use is demonstrated for the study periods in each of the two respective study regions. Alternative water management interventions achieve varying degrees of benefits in each of the two regions, suggesting a need to adopt region-specific interventions and avoid a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Impacts of the considered interventions on return flows to the river were predicted to be significant, highlighting the need for flow augmentation to comply with an interstate river compact and portending beneficial impacts on solute loading. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morway, Eric D.; Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Gates, Timothy K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Morway, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM emorway@usgs.gov FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; United States Bureau of Reclamation; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Geological Survey (USGS); Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District; Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District; Colorado Water Institute; Colorado Water Conservation Board; Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR) FX The interested cooperation of more than 120 landowners and growers in the Colorado's Lower Arkansas River Valley made this study possible and is much appreciated. Financial support was provided by grants from the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District, the Colorado Water Institute, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the Colorado Division of Water Resources (CDWR). Valuable cooperative assistance was provided by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the District 2 Office of the CDWR, the Pueblo Subdistrict Office of the USGS, and the USDA Farm Services Agency. We are especially grateful to Dr. Leonard Konikow and David Berger, both with the USGS, for their critical review of the manuscript and suggestions for revision. Reviews by two anonymous reviewers, as well as from the editor, also are appreciated. The assistance of Chad Bohac in assembling the lease-fallowing scenarios is appreciated. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 12 PY 2013 VL 495 BP 216 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 177VV UT WOS:000321404400019 ER PT J AU Grisham, BA Boal, CW Haukos, DA Davis, DM Boydston, KK Dixon, C Heck, WR AF Grisham, Blake A. Boal, Clint W. Haukos, David A. Davis, Dawn M. Boydston, Kathy K. Dixon, Charles Heck, Willard R. TI The Predicted Influence of Climate Change on Lesser Prairie-Chicken Reproductive Parameters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NESTING ECOLOGY; SHINNERY OAK; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; DROUGHT; TERM; FRAGMENTATION; VEGETATION; WEATHER AB The Southern High Plains is anticipated to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. These changes may influence the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in positive or negative ways. We assessed the potential changes in clutch size, incubation start date, and nest survival for lesser prairie-chickens for the years 2050 and 2080 based on modeled predictions of climate change and reproductive data for lesser prairie-chickens from 2001-2011 on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. We developed 9 a priori models to assess the relationship between reproductive parameters and biologically relevant weather conditions. We selected weather variable(s) with the most model support and then obtained future predicted values from climatewizard.org. We conducted 1,000 simulations using each reproductive parameter's linear equation obtained from regression calculations, and the future predicted value for each weather variable to predict future reproductive parameter values for lesser prairie-chickens. There was a high degree of model uncertainty for each reproductive value. Winter temperature had the greatest effect size for all three parameters, suggesting a negative relationship between above-average winter temperature and reproductive output. The above-average winter temperatures are correlated to La Nina events, which negatively affect lesser prairie-chickens through resulting drought conditions. By 2050 and 2080, nest survival was predicted to be below levels considered viable for population persistence; however, our assessment did not consider annual survival of adults, chick survival, or the positive benefit of habitat management and conservation, which may ultimately offset the potentially negative effect of drought on nest survival. C1 [Grisham, Blake A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Haukos, David A.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Davis, Dawn M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. [Boydston, Kathy K.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Dixon, Charles] Wildlife Plus Consulting, Alto, NM USA. [Heck, Willard R.] Grasslans Charitable Fdn, Causey, NM USA. RP Grisham, BA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM blake.grisham@ttu.edu FU Texas Parks and Wildlife [179795]; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative [G11AC20304] FX Texas Parks and Wildlife: (http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/) Contract # 179795; Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative: (http://www.greatplainslcc.org/) Contract # G11AC20304. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or decision to publish; however, one funding agency person is an author (Kathy Boydston) on the publication due to contractual obligations between Texas Tech University and Texas Parks and Wildlife. Mrs. Boydston meets all criteria listed in the PLOS ONE author guidelines. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e68225 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0068225 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 188UA UT WOS:000322218800019 PM 23874549 ER PT J AU Thogerson, CM Brady, CM Howard, RD Mason, GJ Pajor, EA Vicino, GA Garner, JP AF Thogerson, Collette M. Brady, Colleen M. Howard, Richard D. Mason, Georgia J. Pajor, Edmond A. Vicino, Greg A. Garner, Joseph P. TI Winning the Genetic Lottery: Biasing Birth Sex Ratio Results in More Grandchildren SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LOCAL RESOURCE COMPETITION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MATERNAL DOMINANCE; FACULTATIVE ADJUSTMENT; RED DEER; HYPOTHESIS; MAMMALS; MANAGEMENT AB Population dynamics predicts that on average parents should invest equally in male and female offspring; similarly, the physiology of mammalian sex determination is supposedly stochastic, producing equal numbers of sons and daughters. However, a high quality parent can maximize fitness by biasing their birth sex ratio (SR) to the sex with the greatest potential to disproportionately outperform peers. All SR manipulation theories share a fundamental prediction: grandparents who bias birth SR should produce more grandoffspring via the favored sex. The celebrated examples of biased birth SRs in nature consistent with SR manipulation theories provide compelling circumstantial evidence. However, this prediction has never been directly tested in mammals, primarily because the complete three-generation pedigrees needed to test whether individual favored offspring produce more grandoffspring for the biasing grandparent are essentially impossible to obtain in nature. Three-generation pedigrees were constructed using 90 years of captive breeding records from 198 mammalian species. Male and female grandparents consistently biased their birth SR toward the sex that maximized second-generation success. The most strongly male-biased granddams and grandsires produced respectively 29% and 25% more grandoffspring than non-skewing conspecifics. The sons of the most male-biasing granddams were 2.7 times as fecund as those of granddams with a 50:50 bias (similar results are seen in grandsires). Daughters of the strongest female-biasing granddams were 1.2 times as fecund as those of non-biasing females (this effect is not seen in grandsires). To our knowledge, these results are the first formal test of the hypothesis that birth SR manipulation is adaptive in mammals in terms of grandchildren produced, showing that SR manipulation can explain biased birth SR in general across mammalian species. These findings also have practical implications: parental control of birth SR has the potential to accelerate genetic loss and risk of extinction within captive populations of endangered species. C1 [Thogerson, Collette M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Brady, Colleen M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Howard, Richard D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mason, Georgia J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Pajor, Edmond A.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Vicino, Greg A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Collect Husb Sci, San Diego, CA USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Garner, Joseph P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Garner, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jgarner@stanford.edu RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Garner, Joseph/C-8422-2009 FU Purdue University FX The project was supported by a graduate stipend to CMT from Purdue University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e67867 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0067867 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 182SU UT WOS:000321765300015 PM 23874458 ER PT J AU Middleton, AD Morrison, TA Fortin, JK Robbins, CT Proffitt, KM White, PJ McWhirter, DE Koel, TM Brimeyer, DG Fairbanks, WS Kauffman, MJ AF Middleton, Arthur D. Morrison, Thomas A. Fortin, Jennifer K. Robbins, Charles T. Proffitt, Kelly M. White, P. J. McWhirter, Douglas E. Koel, Todd M. Brimeyer, Douglas G. Fairbanks, W. Sue Kauffman, Matthew J. TI Grizzly bear predation links the loss of native trout to the demography of migratory elk in Yellowstone SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aquatic subsidies; cutthroat trout; elk; grizzly bears; invasive species; lake trout ID AMERICAN BLACK BEARS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; PACIFIC SALMON; CALF SURVIVAL; WOLF; ECOSYSTEM AB The loss of aquatic subsidies such as spawning salmonids is known to threaten a number of terrestrial predators, but the effects on alternative prey species are poorly understood. At the heart of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, an invasion of lake trout has driven a dramatic decline of native cutthroat trout that migrate up the shallow tributaries of Yellowstone Lake to spawn each spring. We explore whether this decline has amplified the effect of a generalist consumer, the grizzly bear, on populations of migratory elk that summer inside Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Recent studies of bear diets and elk populations indicate that the decline in cutthroat trout has contributed to increased predation by grizzly bears on the calves of migratory elk. Additionally, a demographic model that incorporates the increase in predation suggests that the magnitude of this diet shift has been sufficient to reduce elk calf recruitment (4-16%) and population growth (2-11%). The disruption of this aquatic-terrestrial linkage could permanently alter native species interactions in YNP. Although many recent ecological changes in YNP have been attributed to the recovery of large carnivores-particularly wolves-our work highlights a growing role of human impacts on the foraging behaviour of grizzly bears. C1 [Middleton, Arthur D.; Morrison, Thomas A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, Arthur D.; Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fortin, Jennifer K.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Proffitt, Kelly M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [White, P. J.; Koel, Todd M.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [McWhirter, Douglas E.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [Brimeyer, Douglas G.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Fairbanks, W. Sue] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Middleton, AD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM arthur.middleton@yale.edu FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board; Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition; University of Wyoming's Program in Ecology, Biodiversity Institute; NSF-EPSCoR [EPS-436 0447681] FX A.D.M. and M.J.K. received support from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board and the Wyoming Governor's Big Game License Coalition. A. D. M. received additional support from the University of Wyoming's Program in Ecology, Biodiversity Institute, and NSF-EPSCoR programme (EPS-436 0447681). We thank P. Bigelow, M. Bruscino, D. Doak, J. Goheen, K. Gunther, M. Haroldson, B. Koch, C. Martinez del Rio, D. Mattson, K. Monteith, S. Newsome, J. Pauli, F. van Manen and two anonymous reviewers for discussion and comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. A. D. M., T. A. M and M. J. K. designed the research; A. D. M., T. A. M., J. K. F., C. T. R., K. M. P., P. J. W., D. E. M., T. M. K., D. G. B., W. S. F. and M. J. K. performed the research; A. D. M. and T. A. M. analysed the data; A. D. M. wrote the paper, incorporating revisions from the co-authors. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 17 U2 219 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1762 AR 20130870 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.0870 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 150IZ UT WOS:000319385100019 PM 23677350 ER PT J AU Vitousek, PM Menge, DNL Reed, SC Cleveland, CC AF Vitousek, Peter M. Menge, Duncan N. L. Reed, Sasha C. Cleveland, Cory C. TI Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; biological nitrogen fixation; nitrogen cycle ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; TROPICAL FOREST; GLOBAL PATTERNS; ELEVATED CO2; LIMITATION; SOIL; LEGUMES; RESPONSES; SAVANNA; CLIMATE AB New techniques have identified a wide range of organisms with the capacity to carry out biological nitrogen fixation (BNF)-greatly expanding our appreciation of the diversity and ubiquity of N fixers-but our understanding of the rates and controls of BNF at ecosystem and global scales has not advanced at the same pace. Nevertheless, determining rates and controls of BNF is crucial to placing anthropogenic changes to the N cycle in context, and to understanding, predicting and managing many aspects of global environmental change. Here, we estimate terrestrial BNF for a pre-industrial world by combining information on N fluxes with N-15 relative abundance data for terrestrial ecosystems. Our estimate is that pre-industrial N fixation was 58 (range of 40-100) TgN fixed yr(-)1; adding conservative assumptions for geological N reduces our best estimate to 44 TgNyr(-)1. This approach yields substantially lower estimates than most recent calculations; it suggests that the magnitude of human alternation of the N cycle is substantially larger than has been assumed. C1 [Vitousek, Peter M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Menge, Duncan N. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Reed, Sasha C.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Cleveland, Cory C.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Vitousek, PM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vitousek@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1020791]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative FX Research and manuscript preparation were supported by grant no. DEB-1020791 from the National Science Foundation; D.N.L.M. was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (cmi.princeton.edu). Conversations with T. Crews, C.B. Field, L.O. Hedin, and B.Z. Houlton, contributed to the analyses here, and B.Z. Houlton commented on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 24 U2 280 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 5 PY 2013 VL 368 IS 1621 DI 10.1098/rstb.2013.0119 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 152AQ UT WOS:000319502100004 ER PT J AU Feyrer, F Portz, D Odum, D Newman, KB Sommer, T Contreras, D Baxter, R Slater, SB Sereno, D Van Nieuwenhuyse, E AF Feyrer, Frederick Portz, Donald Odum, Darren Newman, Ken B. Sommer, Ted Contreras, Dave Baxter, Randall Slater, Steven B. Sereno, Deanna Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin TI SmeltCam: Underwater Video Codend for Trawled Nets with an Application to the Distribution of the Imperiled Delta Smelt SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; TIDAL TRANSPORT; OSMERUS-MORDAX; LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; SILHOUETTE PHOTOGRAPHY; REEF FISH; IN-SITU; LARVAL; ABUNDANCE AB Studying rare and sensitive species is a challenge in conservation biology. The problem is exemplified by the case of the imperiled delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a small delicate fish species endemic to the San Francisco Estuary, California. Persistent record-low levels of abundance and relatively high sensitivity to handling stress pose considerable challenges to studying delta smelt in the wild. To attempt to overcome these and other challenges we have developed the SmeltCam, an underwater video camera codend for trawled nets. The SmeltCam functions as an open-ended codend that automatically collects information on the number and species of fishes that pass freely through a trawled net without handling. We applied the SmeltCam to study the fine-scale distribution of juvenile delta smelt in the water column in the upper San Francisco Estuary. We learned that during flood tides delta smelt were relatively abundant throughout the water column and that during ebb tides delta smelt were significantly less abundant and occurred only in the lower half and sides of the water column. The results suggest that delta smelt manipulate their position in the water column to facilitate retention in favorable habitats. With the application of the SmeltCam we increased the survival of individual delta smelt by 72% compared to using a traditional codend, where all of the fish would have likely died due to handling stress. The SmeltCam improves upon similar previously developed silhouette photography or video recording devices and demonstrates how new technology can be developed to address important questions in conservation biology as well as lessen the negative effects associated with traditional sampling methods on imperiled species. C1 [Feyrer, Frederick; Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin] US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA USA. [Portz, Donald] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Odum, Darren] SureWorks LLC, Longmont, CO USA. [Newman, Ken B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lodi, CA USA. [Sommer, Ted] Calif Dept Water Resources, West Sacramento, CA USA. [Contreras, Dave; Baxter, Randall; Slater, Steven B.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Stockton, CA USA. [Sereno, Deanna] Costa Water Dist, Concord, CA USA. RP Feyrer, F (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA USA. EM ffeyrer@usbr.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation; California Department of Water Resources; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency (SFWCA) FX Funding for the research and development of the SmeltCam has been provided by the Bureau of Reclamation and the California Department of Water Resources. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife provided funding in the form of in-kind services. The State and Federal Contractors Water Agency (SFWCA) provided some additional funding to conduct the field study. SFWCA had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e67829 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0067829 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204FO UT WOS:000323350700042 PM 23861814 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Lamont, MM Sartain, AR Fujisaki, I Stephens, BS AF Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Sartain, Autumn R. Fujisaki, Ikuko Stephens, Brail S. TI Movements and Habitat-Use of Loggerhead Sea Turtles in the Northern Gulf of Mexico during the Reproductive Period SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; NEST-SITE FIDELITY; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SATELLITE-TRACKING; HOME-RANGE; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; GREEN TURTLE AB Nesting strategies and use of important in-water habitats for far-ranging marine turtles can be determined using satellite telemetry. Because of a lack of information on habitat-use by marine turtles in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we used satellite transmitters in 2010 through 2012 to track movements of 39 adult female breeding loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) tagged on nesting beaches at three sites in Florida and Alabama. During the nesting season, recaptured turtles emerged to nest 1 to 5 times, with mean distance between emergences of 27.5 km; however, several turtles nested on beaches separated by similar to 250 km within a single season. Mean total distances traveled throughout inter-nesting periods for all turtles was 1422.0 +/- 930.8 km. In-water inter-nesting sites, delineated using 50% kernel density estimation (KDE), were located a mean distance of 33.0 km from land, in water with mean depth of -31.6 m; other in-water inter-nesting sites, delineated using minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, were located a mean 13.8 km from land and in water with a mean depth of -15.8 m. Mean size of in-water inter-nesting habitats were 61.9 km(2) (50% KDEs, n = 10) and 741.4 km(2) (MCPs, n = 30); these areas overlapped significantly with trawling and oil and gas extraction activities. Abundance estimates for this nesting subpopulation may be inaccurate in light of how much spread there is between nests of the same individual. Further, our results also have consequences for critical habitat designations for northern Gulf loggerheads, as protection of one nesting beach would not encompass the entire range used by turtles during breeding seasons. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sartain, Autumn R.] Cherokee Nation Technol Solut LLC, US Geol Survey, Sci R&D, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Stephens, Brail S.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stephens, Brail S.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies program; Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; EAFB Natural Resources Division FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies program, the Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and EAFB Natural Resources Division. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 95 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 3 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e66921 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0066921 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 182HT UT WOS:000321733000055 PM 23843971 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Baesman, SM Kirshtein, J Voytek, MA Oremland, RS AF Miller, Laurence G. Baesman, Shaun M. Kirshtein, Julie Voytek, Mary A. Oremland, Ronald S. TI A Biogeochemical and Genetic Survey of Acetylene Fermentation by Environmental Samples and Bacterial Isolates SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acetylene; Enceladus; fermentation; Pelobacter; sediment ID EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; PELOBACTER-ACETYLENICUS; SP-NOV; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MONO LAKE; REDUCTION; METABOLISM; HYDRATASE; METHANE; TITAN AB Anoxic samples (sediment and groundwater) from 13 chemically diverse field sites were assayed for their ability to consume acetylene (C2H2). Over incubation periods ranging from approximate to 10 to 80days, selected samples from 7 of the 13 tested sites displayed significant C2H2 removal. No significant formation of ethylene was noted in these incubations; therefore, C2H2 consumption could be attributed to acetylene hydratase (AH) rather than nitrogenase activity. This putative AH (PAH) activity was observed in only 21% of the total of assayed samples, while amplification of AH genes from extracted DNA using degenerate primers derived from Pelobacter acetylenicus occurred in even fewer (9.8%) samples. Acetylene-fermenting bacteria were isolated as a pure culture from the sediments of a tidal mudflat in San Francisco Bay (SFB93) and as an enrichment culture from freshwater Searsville Lake (SV7). Comparison of 16S rDNA clone libraries revealed that SFB93 was closely related to P. carbolinicus, while SV7 consisted of several unrelated bacteria. AH gene was amplified from SFB93 but not SV7. The inability of the primers to generate amplicons in the SV7 enrichment, as well as from several of the environmental samples that displayed PAH activity, implied that either the primers were too highly constrained in their specificity or that there was a different type of AH gene in these environmental samples than occurs in P. acetylenicus. The significance of this work with regard to the search for life in the outer Solar System, where C2H2 is abundant, is discussed. C1 [Miller, Laurence G.; Baesman, Shaun M.; Oremland, Ronald S.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94015 USA. [Kirshtein, Julie; Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), USGS, Mail Stop 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94015 USA. EM lgmiller@usgs.gov FU National Research Program of the US Geological Survey; Exobiology Program of NASA FX We are grateful to S. E. Hoeft, S. Bennett and K. M. Charles for technical assistance. Environmental samples were provided by A. Amirbahman, T. Imbrigiotta, S. B. Joye, K. Wolf, and R. B. Thomas. This research was supported by the National Research Program of the US Geological Survey, and by a grant from the Exobiology Program of NASA. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUL 3 PY 2013 VL 30 IS 6 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1080/01490451.2012.732662 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 145TV UT WOS:000319041700005 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB Dukett, JE Houck, N Snyder, P Capone, S AF Lawrence, Gregory B. Dukett, James E. Houck, Nathan Snyder, Phil Capone, Sue TI Increases in Dissolved Organic Carbon Accelerate Loss of Toxic Al in Adirondack Lakes Recovering from Acidification SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM; REGION; DECLINES; STREAMS; WATERS AB Increasing pH and decreasing Al in surface waters recovering from acidification have been accompanied by increasing concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and associated organic acids that partially offset pH increases and complicate assessments of recovery from acidification. To better understand the processes of recovery, monthly chemistry from 42 lakes in the Adirondack region, NY, collected from 1994 to 2011, were used to (1) evaluate long-term changes in DOC and associated strongly acidic organic acids and (2) use the base cation surplus (BCS) as a chemical index to assess the effects of increasing DOC concentrations on the Al chemistry of these lakes. Over the study period, the BCS increased (p < 0.01) and concentrations of toxic inorganic monomeric Al (IMA1) decreased (p < 0.01). The decreases in IMA1 were greater than expected from the increases in the BCS. Higher DOC concentrations that increased organic complexation of Al resulted in a decrease in the IMAI fraction of total monomeric Al from 57% in 1994 to 23% in 2011. Increasing DOC concentrations have accelerated recovery in terms of decreasing toxic Al beyond that directly accomplished by reducing atmospheric deposition of strong mineral acids. C1 [Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dukett, James E.; Houck, Nathan; Snyder, Phil; Capone, Sue] Adirondack Lakes Survey Corp, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. RP Dukett, JE (reprint author), Adirondack Lakes Survey Corp, 1115 New York State Route 86, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. EM jdukett@adirondacklakessurvey.org FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Network FX The work by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation (ALSC) was performed with funding support from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Network. The authors are thankful for support from ALSC and ALTM staff: Jeff Brown, Sara Burke, Mike Cantwell, Paul Casson, Pam Corey, Elizabeth Faucher, Matt Kelting, Karen Roy, Monica Schmidt, and Christopher Swamp. Tim Mihuc, SUNY Plattsburgh, provided a helpful review of the manuscript. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the supporting entities or the individuals listed. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 13 BP 7095 EP 7100 DI 10.1021/es4004763 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179LI UT WOS:000321521400047 PM 23751119 ER PT J AU Amirbahman, A Kent, DB Curtis, GP Marvin-DiPasquale, MC AF Amirbahman, Aria Kent, Douglas B. Curtis, Gary P. Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. TI Kinetics of Homogeneous and Surface-Catalyzed Mercury(II) Reduction by Iron(II) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN; CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; FERROUS IRON; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; GOETHITE; FE(II) AB Production of elemental mercury, Hg(0), via Hg(II) reduction is an important pathway that should be considered when studying Hg fate in environment. We conducted a kinetic study of abiotic homogeneous and surface-catalyzed Hg(0) production by Fe(II) under dark anoxic conditions Hg(0) production rate, from initial 50 pM Hg(II) concentration, increased with increasing pH (5.5-8.1) and aqueous Fe(II) concentration (0.1-1 mM). The homogeneous rate was best described by the expression, r(hom) = k(hom) [FeOH+] [Hg(OH)(2)]; k(hom) = 7.19 x 10(+3) L (mol min)(-1). Compared to the homogeneous case, goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) increased and gamma-alumina (gamma-Al2O3) decreased the Hg(0) production rate. Heterogeneous Hg(0) production rates were well described by a model incorporating equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption, rate-limited Hg(II) reduction by dissolved and adsorbed Fe(II), and rate-limited Hg(II) adsorption. Equilibrium Fe(II) adsorption was described using a surface complexation model calibrated with previously published experimental data The Hg(0) production rate was well described by the expression r(het) = k(het) [>SOFe(II)] [Hg(OH)(2)], where >SOFe(II) is the total adsorbed Fe(II) concentration; k(het) values were 5.36 x 10(+3), 4.69 x 10(+3), and 1.08 x 10(+2) L (mol min)(-1) for hematite, goethite, and gamma-alumina, respectively. Hg(0) production coupled to reduction by Fe(II) May be an important process to consider in ecosystem, Hg studies C1 [Amirbahman, Aria] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kent, Douglas B.; Curtis, Gary P.; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Amirbahman, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aria@umit.maine.edu FU USGS through the National Research Program; USGS through Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Trustee Professorship at the University of Maine FX Funding was provided by the USGS through the National Research Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the Trustee Professorship at the University of Maine. A.A. is grateful to the University of Maine for granting him sabbatical leave in 2011. Michelle Arias, Chris Fuller, Evangelos Kakouros, Nazila Kaviani, Le Kieu, Matthias Kohler, Carl Lamborg, and Fred Murphy are acknowledged for their assistance. Matthias Kohler also kindly provided the hematite sample. Andrea Foster and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable critiques of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive use only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 72 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 13 BP 7204 EP 7213 DI 10.1021/es401459p PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179LI UT WOS:000321521400060 PM 23731086 ER PT J AU Gallegos, TJ Fuller, CC Webb, SM Betterton, W AF Gallegos, Tanya J. Fuller, Christopher C. Webb, Samuel M. Betterton, William TI Uranium(VI) Interactions with Mackinawite in the Presence and Absence of Bicarbonate and Oxygen SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETITE 111 SURFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; REDUCING CONDITIONS; REDUCTIVE IMMOBILIZATION; OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION; SORPTION COMPLEXES; NAVAJO SANDSTONE; U(VI) SORPTION; IRON SULFIDE AB Mackinawite, Fe(II)S, samples loaded with uranium (10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) mol U/g FeS) at pH 5, 7, and 9, were characterized using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to determine the effects of pH, bicarbonate, and oxidation on uptake. Under anoxic conditions, a 5 g/L suspension of mackinawite lowered 5 X 10(-5) M uranium(VI) to below 30 ppb (1.26 X 10(-7) M) U. Between 82 and 88% of the uranium removed from solution by mackinawite was U(IV) and was nearly completely reduced to U(IV) when 0.012 M bicarbonate was added. Near-neighbor coordination consisting of uranium-oxygen and uranium-uranium distances indicates the formation of uraninite in the presence and absence of bicarbonate, suggesting reductive precipitation as the dominant removal mechanism. Following equilibration in air, mackinawite was oxidized to mainly goethite and sulfur and about 76% of U(IV) was reoxidized to U(VI) with coordination of uranium to axial and equatorial oxygen, similar to uranyl. Additionally, uranium-iron distances, typical of coprecipitation of uranium with iron oxides, and uranium-sulfur distances indicating bidentate coordination of U(VI) to sulfate were evident. The affinity of mackinawite and its oxidation products for U(VI) provides impetus for further study of mackinawite as a potential reactive medium for remediation of uranium-contaminated water. C1 [Gallegos, Tanya J.; Betterton, William] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Webb, Samuel M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gallegos, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tgallegos@usgs.gov RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU Mendenhall Research Fellowship at the U.S. Geological Survey; Central Energy Resources Science Center FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Mendenhall Research Fellowship at the U.S. Geological Survey and the Central Energy Resources Science Center. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 13 BP 7357 EP 7364 DI 10.1021/es400450z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179LI UT WOS:000321521400077 PM 23742708 ER PT J AU Nogeire, TM Davis, FW Duggan, JM Crooks, KR Boydston, EE AF Nogeire, Theresa M. Davis, Frank W. Duggan, Jennifer M. Crooks, Kevin R. Boydston, Erin E. TI Carnivore Use of Avocado Orchards across an Agricultural-Wildland Gradient SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCCUPANCY; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS AB Wide-ranging species cannot persist in reserves alone. Consequently, there is growing interest in the conservation value of agricultural lands that separate or buffer natural areas. The value of agricultural lands for wildlife habitat and connectivity varies as a function of the crop type and landscape context, and quantifying these differences will improve our ability to manage these lands more effectively for animals. In southern California, many species are present in avocado orchards, including mammalian carnivores. We examined occupancy of avocado orchards by mammalian carnivores across agricultural-wildland gradients in southern California with motion-activated cameras. More carnivore species were detected with cameras in orchards than in wildland sites, and for bobcats and gray foxes, orchards were associated with higher occupancy rates. Our results demonstrate that agricultural lands have potential to contribute to conservation by providing habitat or facilitating landscape connectivity. C1 [Nogeire, Theresa M.; Duggan, Jennifer M.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boydston, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. RP Nogeire, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tnogeire@gmail.com RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 FU The Bren School at UCSB, Orange County Great Park Corporation, and the U.S.G.S FX Partial funding for this study was provided by The Bren School at UCSB, Orange County Great Park Corporation, and the U.S.G.S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 91 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e68025 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0068025 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 176XV UT WOS:000321341000129 PM 23844147 ER PT J AU Nosal, AP Cartamil, DC Long, JW Luhrmann, M Wegner, NC Graham, JB AF Nosal, A.P. Cartami, D.C. Long, J.W. Luhrmann, M. Wegner, N.C. Graham, J.B. TI Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA (vol 96, pg 865-878, 2013) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Correction C1 [Nosal, A.P.; Cartami, D.C.; Graham, J.B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Divers & Concervat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Long, J.W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Luhrmann, M.] Univ Rostock, Inst Biol Sci, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Wegner, N.C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci, Fisheries Resource Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Nosal, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Divers & Concervat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM anosal@ucsd.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2013 VL 96 IS 7 BP 879 EP 879 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0128-4 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 153OK UT WOS:000319611600010 ER PT J AU Corcoran, JM Knight, JF Gallant, AL AF Corcoran, Jennifer M. Knight, Joseph F. Gallant, Alisa L. TI Influence of Multi-Source and Multi-Temporal Remotely Sensed and Ancillary Data on the Accuracy of Random Forest Classification of Wetlands in Northern Minnesota SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE wetland; classification; data integration; decision tree; random forest ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; RED-RIVER BASIN; SAR DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; MAPPING WETLANDS; POLARIMETRIC SAR; DATA INTEGRATION; AREA; TM AB Wetland mapping at the landscape scale using remotely sensed data requires both affordable data and an efficient accurate classification method. Random forest classification offers several advantages over traditional land cover classification techniques, including a bootstrapping technique to generate robust estimations of outliers in the training data, as well as the capability of measuring classification confidence. Though the random forest classifier can generate complex decision trees with a multitude of input data and still not run a high risk of over fitting, there is a great need to reduce computational and operational costs by including only key input data sets without sacrificing a significant level of accuracy. Our main questions for this study site in Northern Minnesota were: (1) how does classification accuracy and confidence of mapping wetlands compare using different remote sensing platforms and sets of input data; (2) what are the key input variables for accurate differentiation of upland, water, and wetlands, including wetland type; and (3) which datasets and seasonal imagery yield the best accuracy for wetland classification. Our results show the key input variables include terrain (elevation and curvature) and soils descriptors (hydric), along with an assortment of remotely sensed data collected in the spring (satellite visible, near infrared, and thermal bands; satellite normalized vegetation index and Tasseled Cap greenness and wetness; and horizontal-horizontal (HH) and horizontal-vertical (HV) polarization using L-band satellite radar). We undertook this exploratory analysis to inform decisions by natural resource managers charged with monitoring wetland ecosystems and to aid in designing a system for consistent operational mapping of wetlands across landscapes similar to those found in Northern Minnesota. C1 [Corcoran, Jennifer M.; Knight, Joseph F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gallant, Alisa L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Corcoran, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM murph636@umn.edu; jknight@umn.edu; gallant@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Legislative Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources; Environment & Natural Resources Trust Fund; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Canadian Space Agency Science and Operational Applications Research (SOAR) Program; Canadian Center for Remote Sensing; Alaska Satellite Facility; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable assistance provided by Marvin Bauer of the University of Minnesota, Bruce Wiley of the US Geological Survey, and Rudi Gens of the Alaska Satellite Facility for their generous offer to review this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided in part by several sources and agencies: the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the US Fish & Wildlife Service; the Legislative Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources, and the Environment & Natural Resources Trust Fund, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; the Canadian Space Agency Science and Operational Applications Research (SOAR) Program and the Canadian Center for Remote Sensing; and the Alaska Satellite Facility and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). NR 97 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 52 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 3212 EP 3238 DI 10.3390/rs5073212 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274SH UT WOS:000328626000005 ER PT J AU Roseman, EF O'Brien, TP AF Roseman, Edward F. O'Brien, Timothy P. TI Spatial distribution of pelagic fish larvae in the northern main basin of Lake Huron SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE larval fishes; ichthyoplankton; Lake Whitefish; Burbot; Rainbow Smelt ID WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; RAINBOW SMELT; BIOPHYSICAL MODEL; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; CIRCULATION; COMMUNITY; HABITAT; RECRUITMENT AB Larval fish occurrence in inshore and offshore zones in the northern main basin of Lake Huron was assessed during 2007 as part of a larger ecological examination of Lake Huron foodwebs and habitats. Day and night collections using neuston and conical nets at inshore (1.5-15m depths) and offshore (37 and 91m depths) locations at De Tour and Hammond Bay to assess the abundance, phenology, and spatial distribution of pelagic ichthyoplankton during spring and early summer were made. In general, densities of larval fishes were higher at De Tour than Hammond Bay during daytime neuston net collections, with the exception of Longnose Sucker, which were only collected at Hammond Bay. Lake Whitefish, Burbot, and Rainbow Smelt dominated inshore catches in early spring with Cisco, Deepwater Sculpin, Emerald Shiner, Bloater, Slimy Sculpin, Ninespine Stickleback, and Yellow Perch larvae also collected. Nighttime nearshore and offshore sampling revealed that Rainbow Smelt and Burbot larvae were present in relatively high abundances compared to inshore densities. Concentrations of larvae of deepwater demersal fishes such as Lake Whitefish and Deepwater Sculpin suggest that inshore zones in northern Lake Huron are important nursery habitats emphasizing a critical production and recruitment linkage between inshore and deepwater zones. C1 [Roseman, Edward F.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Roseman, EF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM eroseman@usgs.gov OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 FU EPA Project [DW-14-94816701-0]; USGS Great Lakes Science Center FX Bryon Daley, Bruce Davis, Erick Larson, Erik McDonald, Phil "Phlipp" Pepper and Edward O. Roseman assisted with field collections and laboratory processing. David Bennion provided assistance with geospatial analyses and mapping. Patricia Thompson, Jenny Sutherland, Matt McLean and Robin DeBruyne assisted with editing and formatting. This project was funded by EPA Project Number DW-14-94816701-0 and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. This is contribution number 1743 of the Great Lakes Science Center. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1080/14634988.2013.824348 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 272PV UT WOS:000328473600009 ER PT J AU Archambault, JM Cope, WG Kwak, TJ AF Archambault, Jennifer M. Cope, W. Gregory Kwak, Thomas J. TI Burrowing, byssus, and biomarkers: behavioral and physiological indicators of sublethal thermal stress in freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; benthic fauna; stream flow; mussels; Unionidae; LT50; endangered species ID ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SEASONAL-VARIATION; AMBLEMA-PLICATA; CHLAMYS-FARRERI; AERIAL EXPOSURE; LIFE STAGES; TEMPERATURE; BIVALVIA; RIVER AB Recent research has elucidated the acute lethal effects of elevated water temperatures to glochidia (larvae), juvenile, and adult life stages of freshwater mussels (Order Unionida), but few studies have focused on sublethal effects of thermal stress. We evaluated the sublethal effects of elevated temperature on burrowing behavior and byssus production in juveniles, and on enzymatic biomarkers of stress in adults in acute (96h) laboratory experiments in sediment, with two acclimation temperatures (22 and 27 degrees C) and two experimental water levels (watered and dewatered) as proxies for flow regime. Increasing temperature significantly reduced burrowing in all five species tested, and the dewatered treatment (a proxy for drought conditions) reduced burrowing in all but Amblema plicata. Production of byssal threads was affected most drastically by flow regime, with the probability of byssus presence reduced by 93-99% in the dewatered treatment, compared to the watered treatment (a proxy for low flow conditions); increasing temperature alone reduced byssus by 18-35%. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly affected by treatment temperature in the 27 degrees C acclimation, watered test (p=0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Our results are important in the context of climate change, because stream temperature and flow are expected to change with increasing air temperature and altered precipitation patterns. C1 [Archambault, Jennifer M.] NC State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Archambault, JM (reprint author), NC State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jmarcham@ncsu.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center [171]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center through Research Work Order no. 171. We thank Chris Eads and Jay Levine at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine for providing Atlantic Slope mussel species, and Chris Barnhart and Megan Bradley at Missouri State University and Paul Johnson at the Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center for Interior Basin species. Andrea Fritts and Robert Bringolf shared unpublished findings on biomarker research at University of Georgia. Kevin Gross provided valuable insight and assistance with statistical analyses. We thank Bobby Cope, Jeremy Leonard, Tamara Pandolfo, and Angela White for laboratory and field assistance. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6244 EI 1029-0362 J9 MAR FRESHW BEHAV PHY JI Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 4 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1080/10236244.2013.805891 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 263WS UT WOS:000327839300004 ER PT J AU Pyke, DA Wirth, TA Beyers, JL AF Pyke, David A. Wirth, Troy A. Beyers, Jan L. TI Does Seeding After Wildfires in Rangelands Reduce Erosion or Invasive Species? SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerial seeding; Bromus tectorum; drill seeding; erosion; pinyon-juniper; sagebrush ID CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; PLANT COMMUNITY; BURNED SOILS; WIND EROSION; GREAT-BASIN; FIRE; IMPACTS; REVEGETATION AB Mitigation of ecological damage caused by rangeland wildfires has historically been an issue restricted to the western United States. It has focused on conservation of ecosystem function through reducing soil erosion and spread of invasive plants. Effectiveness of mitigation treatments has been debated recently. We reviewed recent literature to conduct a meta-analysis of seeding after wildfires to determine if seedings may (1) protect ecosystems against soil erosion and (2) reduce invasion or abundance of undesirable nonnative plant species. Effectiveness of postfire seedings was examined in 8 erosion and 19 invasive species cases. Seeding has little effect on erosion during the first year after fire and is highly dependent upon initial establishment and coverage of species in successive years. Among all seeding cases, 28% reduced, 67% were neutral, and 5% increased invasive species abundance. Older seedings were more likely to show reductions in invasives than younger seedings. Seedings with high plant establishment were more likely to reduce invasives than those with low establishment. Studies are needed that examine (1) frequency of adequate establishment of postfire seedings and causal factors of success or failure, (2) long-term impacts of seeding along a range of initial establishment and concomitant plant coverage over time as it relates to erosion and abundance of invasive plant species, and (3) auxiliary treatments designed to increase likelihood of germination and establishment given the inevitable variability of environmental conditions. These studies would aid land managers in deciding when postfire treatments are required and their likely level of success. C1 [Pyke, David A.; Wirth, Troy A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Beyers, Jan L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov FU Joint Fire Science Program [08-2-1-13] FX This work was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (project ID 08-2-1-13). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1111/rec.12021 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241IA UT WOS:000326158600002 ER PT J AU Madej, MA Seney, J van Mantgem, P AF Madej, Mary A. Seney, Joseph van Mantgem, Philip TI Effects of Road Decommissioning on Carbon Stocks, Losses, and Emissions in North Coastal California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE redwood; reforestation; road removal; soil organic carbon ID FOREST ROADS; REMOVAL AB During the last 3 decades, many road removal projects have been implemented on public and private lands in the United States to reduce erosion and other impacts from abandoned or unmaintained forest roads. Although effective in decreasing sediment production from roads, such activities have a carbon (C) cost as well as representing a carbon savings for an ecosystem. We assessed the carbon budget implications of 30years of road decommissioning in Redwood National Park in north coastal California. Road restoration techniques, which evolved during the program, were associated with various carbon costs and savings. Treatment of 425km of logging roads from 1979 to 2009 saved 72,000megagrams (Mg) C through on-site soil erosion prevention, revegetation, and soil development on formerly compacted roads. Carbon sequestration will increase in time as forests and soils develop more fully on the restored sites. The carbon cost for this road decommissioning work, based on heavy equipment and vehicle fuel emissions, short-term soil loss, and clearing of vegetation, was 23,000Mg C, resulting in a net carbon savings of 49,000Mg C to date. Nevertheless, the degree to which soil loss is a carbon sink or source in steep mountainous watersheds needs to be further examined. The ratio of carbon costs to savings will differ by ecosystem and road removal methodology, but the procedure outlined here to assess carbon budgets on restoration sites should be transferable to other systems. C1 [Madej, Mary A.; van Mantgem, Philip] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Seney, Joseph] Redwood Natl & State Pk Div Resource Management &, Orick, CA USA. RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov FU Redwood National Park FX Redwood National Park provided partial funding for this project and its watershed rehabilitation staff prescribed, directed, and documented the road removal projects. R. Baker-de Kater, M. Bueno, J. Deshais, and J. Wartella of RNP assisted with the data compilation and vegetation modeling. S. Flanagan of the Bureau of Land Management and two anonymous reviewers raised many thought-provoking questions and comments, which helped us refine this carbon assessment. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00911.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241IA UT WOS:000326158600005 ER PT J AU He, YJ Zhuang, QL McGuire, AD Liu, YL Chen, M AF He, Yujie Zhuang, Qianlai McGuire, A. David Liu, Yaling Chen, Min TI Alternative ways of using field-based estimates to calibrate ecosystem models and their implications for carbon cycle studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; boreal forest; model calibration; species; plant-functional-type; biome ID BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN INTERACTIONS AB Model-data fusion is a process in which field observations are used to constrain model parameters. How observations are used to constrain parameters has a direct impact on the carbon cycle dynamics simulated by ecosystem models. In this study, we present an evaluation of several options for the use of observations in modeling regional carbon dynamics and explore the implications of those options. We calibrated the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model on a hierarchy of three vegetation classification levels for the Alaskan boreal forest: species level, plant-functional-type level (PFT level), and biome level, and we examined the differences in simulated carbon dynamics. Species-specific field-based estimates were directly used to parameterize the model for species-level simulations, while weighted averages based on species percent cover were used to generate estimates for PFT- and biome-level model parameterization. We found that calibrated key ecosystem process parameters differed substantially among species and overlapped for species that are categorized into different PFTs. Our analysis of parameter sets suggests that the PFT-level parameterizations primarily reflected the dominant species and that functional information of some species were lost from the PFT-level parameterizations. The biome-level parameterization was primarily representative of the needleleaf PFT and lost information on broadleaf species or PFT function. Our results indicate that PFT-level simulations may be potentially representative of the performance of species-level simulations while biome-level simulations may result in biased estimates. Improved theoretical and empirical justifications for grouping species into PFTs or biomes are needed to adequately represent the dynamics of ecosystem functioning and structure. C1 [He, Yujie; Zhuang, Qianlai; Liu, Yaling; Chen, Min] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP He, YJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM he72@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017 OI He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399 FU NSF [DEB-0919331]; NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth Program [NSF-0630319]; NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64599]; NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems [NSF-1028291]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program; USDA Forest Service FX We are very grateful to the Editor, Dennis D. Baldocchi, two anonymous reviewers, and David. W. Kicklighter for their constructive comments that helped us to improve this paper. This research is supported with a NSF project (DEB-0919331), the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth Program (NSF-0630319), the NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program (NASA-NNX09AI26G), Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER64599), and the NSF Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (NSF-1028291). Support was also provided by Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by NSF the USDA Forest Service). NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20080 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 233EV UT WOS:000325549900003 ER PT J AU Sankey, T Shrestha, R Sankey, JB Hardegree, S Strand, E AF Sankey, Temuulen Shrestha, Rupesh Sankey, Joel B. Hardegree, Stuart Strand, Eva TI Lidar-derived estimate and uncertainty of carbon sink in successional phases of woody encroachment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE western juniper; encroachment phase; burning; sagebrush steppe; active sensor; cutting ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; WESTERN JUNIPER; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; GREAT-BASIN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; AIRBORNE LASER; SCANNING LIDAR; TREE HEIGHT AB Woody encroachment is a globally occurring phenomenon that contributes to the global carbon sink. The magnitude of this contribution needs to be estimated at regional and local scales to address uncertainties present in the global- and continental-scale estimates, and guide regional policy and management in balancing restoration activities, including removal of woody plants, with greenhouse gas mitigation goals. The objective of this study was to estimate carbon stored in various successional phases of woody encroachment. Using lidar measurements of individual trees, we present high-resolution estimates of aboveground carbon storage in juniper woodlands. Segmentation analysis of lidar point cloud data identified a total of 60,628 juniper tree crowns across four watersheds. Tree heights, canopy cover, and density derived from lidar were strongly correlated with field measurements of 2613 juniper stems measured in 85 plots (30 x 30m). Aboveground total biomass of individual trees was estimated using a regression model with lidar-derived height and crown area as predictors (Adj. R-2=0.76, p<0.001, RMSE=0.58kg). The predicted mean aboveground woody carbon storage for the study area was 677g/m(2). Uncertainty in carbon storage estimates was examined with a Monte Carlo approach that addressed major error sources. Ranges predicted with uncertainty analysis in the mean, individual tree, aboveground woody C, and associated standard deviation were 0.35 - 143.6kg and 0.5 - 1.25kg, respectively. Later successional phases of woody encroachment had, on average, twice the aboveground carbon relative to earlier phases. Woody encroachment might be more successfully managed and balanced with carbon storage goals by identifying priority areas in earlier phases of encroachment where intensive treatments are most effective. C1 [Sankey, Temuulen] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Shrestha, Rupesh] Idaho State Univ, Boise Ctr Aerosp Lab, Boise, ID USA. [Sankey, Joel B.] USGS Western Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Hardegree, Stuart] USDA ARS Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Strand, Eva] Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Sankey, T (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Lab Landscape Ecol & Conservat Biol, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Rm 223,ARD Bldg,1298 S Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Temuulen.Sankey@nau.edu OI Shrestha, Rupesh/0000-0002-3140-6623 FU NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division [NA05OAR4601137]; BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project [ISU-BLM] [DLA060249]; BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project [ARS-BLM] [DLI050018]; NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; NSF [EPS-0814387, CBET-0854553]; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program FX This research was funded by Grant NA05OAR4601137 from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division and the BLM Owyhee Uplands Pilot Project [ISU-BLM Agreement #DLA060249; and ARS-BLM Agreement #DLI050018]. This study was also supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the NSF under award number EPS-0814387 and CBET-0854553. The authors would like to thank the Stanford and Lowry families for allowing access to these watersheds for our field monitoring. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey. This research was supported by a U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship, and the U.S. Geological Survey Land Remote Sensing Program (Joel Sankey). NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1144 EP 1155 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20088 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 233EV UT WOS:000325549900015 ER PT J AU Yi, S Li, N Xiang, B Wang, X Ye, B McGuire, AD AF Yi, S. Li, N. Xiang, B. Wang, X. Ye, B. McGuire, A. D. TI Representing the effects of alpine grassland vegetation cover on the simulation of soil thermal dynamics by ecosystem models applied to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alpine grassland; soil surface temperature; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ACTIVE-LAYER; SOLAR-RADIATION; FREEZE-THAW; CARBON; PERMAFROST; DRAINAGE; CHINA; TEMPERATURES AB Soil surface temperature is a critical boundary condition for the simulation of soil temperature by environmental models. It is influenced by atmospheric and soil conditions and by vegetation cover. In sophisticated land surface models, it is simulated iteratively by solving surface energy budget equations. In ecosystem, permafrost, and hydrology models, the consideration of soil surface temperature is generally simple. In this study, we developed a methodology for representing the effects of vegetation cover and atmospheric factors on the estimation of soil surface temperature for alpine grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our approach integrated measurements from meteorological stations with simulations from a sophisticated land surface model to develop an equation set for estimating soil surface temperature. After implementing this equation set into an ecosystem model and evaluating the performance of the ecosystem model in simulating soil temperature at different depths in the soil profile, we applied the model to simulate interactions among vegetation cover, freeze-thaw cycles, and soil erosion to demonstrate potential applications made possible through the implementation of the methodology developed in this study. Results showed that (1) to properly estimate daily soil surface temperature, algorithms should use air temperature, downward solar radiation, and vegetation cover as independent variables; (2) the equation set developed in this study performed better than soil surface temperature algorithms used in other models; and (3) the ecosystem model performed well in simulating soil temperature throughout the soil profile using the equation set developed in this study. Our application of the model indicates that the representation in ecosystem models of the effects of vegetation cover on the simulation of soil thermal dynamics has the potential to substantially improve our understanding of the vulnerability of alpine grassland ecosystems to changes in climate and grazing regimes. C1 [Yi, S.; Wang, X.; Ye, B.] Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryosphere Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Li, N.] Beijing Special Meteorol Observ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xiang, B.] Chongqing Meteorol Adm, Chongqing, Peoples R China. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Yi, S (reprint author), Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryosphere Sci, 320 Donggang W Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM yis@lzb.ac.cn FU National Basic Research Program [2010CB951402]; Strategic Priority Research Program [XDB030303]; One Hundred People Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [O927581001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271089, 40905015] FX We would like to thank Qianlai Zhuang, four anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor for very thoughtful reviews on the previous version of this paper; Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau for providing flux tower data; Yanhua Yang of Qinghai Meteorological Administration for providing pictures of soil surface temperature measurement; Shiyou Guo of Heilong Meteorological Administration for clarifying the processes of soil surface temperature measurement; Shiqiong Luo of CAREERI, CAS for discussing the soil thermal conductivity scheme; Dr. Kun Yang of ITP, CAS for helping on solar radiation data set; and Fengming Yuan of ORNL for helping on DayCENT algorithms. This study was supported through grants as part of the National Basic Research Program (2010CB951402), the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB030303), and One Hundred People Plan (O927581001) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271089 and 40905015). NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1186 EP 1199 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20093 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 233EV UT WOS:000325549900018 ER PT J AU Jones, BM Breen, AL Gaglioti, BV Mann, DH Rocha, AV Grosse, G Arp, CD Kunz, ML Walker, DA AF Jones, Benjamin M. Breen, Amy L. Gaglioti, Benjamin V. Mann, Daniel H. Rocha, Adrian V. Grosse, Guido Arp, Christopher D. Kunz, Michael L. Walker, Donald A. TI Identification of unrecognized tundra fire events on the north slope of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; fire; North Slope; shrubs; Thermokarst; tundra ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC ALASKA; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS; PATTERNS; REGIMES; AGE AB Characteristics of the natural fire regime are poorly resolved in the Arctic, even though fire may play an important role cycling carbon stored in tundra vegetation and soils to the atmosphere. In the course of studying vegetation and permafrost-terrain characteristics along a chronosequence of tundra burn sites from AD 1977, 1993, and 2007 on the North Slope of Alaska, we discovered two large, previously unrecognized tundra fires. The Meade River fire burned an estimated 500km(2) and the Ketik River fire burned an estimated 1200km(2). Based on radiocarbon dating of charred twigs, analysis of historic aerial photography, and regional climate proxy data, these fires likely occurred between AD 1880 and 1920. Together, these events double the estimated burn area on the North Slope of Alaska over the last similar to 100 to 130years. Assessment of vegetation succession along the century-scale chronosequence of tundra fire disturbances demonstrates for the first time on the North Slope of Alaska that tundra fires can facilitate the invasion of tundra by shrubs. Degradation of ice-rich permafrost was also evident at the fire sites and likely aided in the presumed changes of the tundra vegetation postfire. Other previously unrecognized tundra fire events likely exist in Alaska and other Arctic regions and identification of these sites is important for better understanding disturbance regimes and carbon cycling in Arctic tundra. C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Mann, Daniel H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Geog Program, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Grosse, Guido] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kunz, Michael L.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjones@usgs.gov RI Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; OI Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 FU U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management - Arctic Field Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center and the Bureau of Land Management - Arctic Field Office. We thank Dr. Philip Higuera, Dr. Eric Kasischke, and Eric Miller for their constructive and helpful reviews. We are also grateful to Drs. Misha Zhurbenko and Olga Afonina of the Komarov Botanical Institute at the Russian Academy of Sciences for identification of lichens and bryophytes. We would like to thank Jim Webster of Webster's Flying Service as his expertise over the last several years has been invaluable. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1334 EP 1344 DI 10.1002/jgrg.20113 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 233EV UT WOS:000325549900030 ER PT J AU Addison, JA Finney, BP Jaeger, JM Stoner, JS Norris, RD Hangsterfer, A AF Addison, Jason A. Finney, Bruce P. Jaeger, John M. Stoner, Joseph S. Norris, Richard D. Hangsterfer, Alexandra TI Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Alaska; bromine; paleoproductivity; scanning XRF; computerized tomography; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID ODP LEG 169S; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; SAANICH INLET; NORTH PACIFIC; SALMON PRODUCTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; REGIME SHIFTS; TIME-SERIES AB Assessments of climate change over time scales that exceed the last 100 years require robust integration of high-quality instrument records with high-resolution paleoclimate proxy data. In this study, we show that the recent biogenic sediments accumulating in two temperate ice-free fjords in Southeast Alaska preserve evidence of North Pacific Ocean climate variability as recorded by both instrument networks and satellite observations. Multicore samples EW0408-32MC and EW0408-43MC were investigated with Cs-137 and excess Pb-210 geochronometry, three-dimensional computed tomography, high-resolution scanning XRF geochemistry, and organic stable isotope analyses. EW0408-32MC (57.162 degrees N, 135.357 degrees W, 146 m depth) is a moderately bioturbated continuous record that spans AD approximate to 1930-2004. EW0408-43MC (56.965 degrees N, 135.268 degrees W, 91 m depth) is composed of laminated diatom oozes, a turbidite, and a hypopycnal plume (river flood) deposit. A discontinuous event-based varve chronology indicates 43MC spans AD approximate to 1940-1981. Decadal-scale fluctuations in sedimentary Br/Cl ratios accurately reflect changes in marine organic matter accumulation that display the same temporal pattern as that of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. An estimated Sitka summer productivity parameter calibrated using SeaWiFS satellite observations support these relationships. The correlation of North Pacific climate regime states, primary productivity, and sediment geochemistry indicate the accumulation of biogenic sediment in Southeast Alaska temperate fjords can be used as a sensitive recorder of past productivity variability, and by inference, past climate conditions in the high-latitude Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, Climate & Land Use Change R&D Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Jaeger, John M.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stoner, Joseph S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Norris, Richard D.; Hangsterfer, Alexandra] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Addison, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jaddison@usgs.gov OI Jaeger, John/0000-0003-0248-489X; Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743 FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The authors wish to thank the crew of the R/V Maurice Ewing and members of science party EW0408, as well as the Oregon State University core curatorial staff (Bobbi Conard, Mysti Weber, and Maizet Cheseby). Analytical support from Andrea Krumhardt, the Oregon State University Veterinary Hospital CT Facility (Jason Wiest), the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the USGS Isotope Tracers program (Carol Kendall, Steve Silva and Doug Choy) were critical for this study. Rama Kotra and the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program are acknowledged for funding to the lead author. Discussions with John Barron, Lesleigh Anderson, George Waldbusser, and Alan Mix greatly improved an early version of this manuscript, as did the comments of two anonymous reviewers and the editorial guidance of S. Bradley Moran. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3444 EP 3461 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20243 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224KY UT WOS:000324885400014 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Plumb, JM Fielding, SD Adams, NS Rondorf, DW AF Perry, Russell W. Plumb, John M. Fielding, Scott D. Adams, Noah S. Rondorf, Dennis W. TI Comparing Effects of Transmitters within and among Populations: Application to Swimming Performance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DACE RHINICHTHYS-ATRATULUS; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; SOCKEYE SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; MAXIMUM TAG; GROWTH; WILD AB The sensitivity of fish to a transmitter depends on factors such as environmental conditions, fish morphology, life stage, rearing history, and tag design. However, synthesizing general trends across studies is difficult because each study focuses on a particular performance measure, species, life stage, and transmitter model. These differences motivated us to develop simple metrics that allow effects of transmitters to be compared among different species, populations, or studies. First, we describe how multiple regression analysis can be used to quantify the effect of tag burden (transmitter mass relative to fish mass) on measures of physiological performance. Next, we illustrate how the slope and intercept parameters can be used to calculate two summary statistics: , which estimates the tag burden threshold above which the performance of tagged fish begins to decline relative to untagged fish; and k, which measures the percentage change in performance per percentage point increase in tag burden. When = 0, k provides a single measure of the tag's effect that can be compared among species, populations, or studies. We apply this analysis to two different experiments that measure the critical swimming speed (U-crit) of tagged juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In both experiments, U-crit declined as tag burden increased, but we found no significant threshold in swimming performance. Estimates of ranged from -0.6% to 2.1% among six unique treatment groups, indicating that swimming performance began to decline at a relatively low tag burden. Estimates of k revealed that U-crit of tagged fish declined by -2.68% to -4.86% for each 1% increase in tag burden. Both and k varied with the tag's antenna configuration, tag implantation method, and posttagging recovery time. Our analytical approach can be used to gain insights across populations to better understand factors affecting the ability of fish to carry a transmitter. Received August 22, 2012; accepted March 13, 2013 C1 [Perry, Russell W.; Plumb, John M.; Fielding, Scott D.; Adams, Noah S.; Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM rperry@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W66QKZ41740014] FX The 2005 study conducted at John Day Dam was funded by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Contract W66QKZ41740014. We thank Dana Shurtleff, Sarah Lampson, Nathan Zorich, and our colleagues at the Columbia River Research Laboratory for administrative support and assistance with data collection. We appreciate support from Mike Langeslay, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Greg Kovalchuk and staff of the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission assisted with fish collection for this study at John Day Dam. We thank Al Zale, Kenneth Tiffan, Michael Melnychuk, and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments that considerably improved the manuscript. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 901 EP 911 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.788556 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900002 ER PT J AU Weigel, DE Connolly, PJ Martens, KD Powell, MS AF Weigel, Dana E. Connolly, Patrick J. Martens, Kyle D. Powell, Madison S. TI Colonization of Steelhead in a Natal Stream after Barrier Removal SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER; HATCHERY; SALMON; RESIDENT AB Colonization of vacant habitats is an important process for supporting the long-term persistence of populations and species. We used a before-after experimental design to follow the process of colonization by steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) at six monitoring sites in a natal stream, Beaver Creek, after the modification or removal of numerous stream passage barriers. Juvenile O. mykiss were collected at monitoring sites by using a backpack electrofisher. Passive integrated transponder tags and instream tag reading stations were used in combination with 16 microsatellite markers to determine the source, extent, and success of migrant O. mykiss after implementation of the barrier removal projects. Steelhead migrated into the study area during the first spawning season after passage was established. Hatchery steelhead, although comprising more than 80% of the adult returns to the Methow River basin, constituted a small proportion (23%) of the adult O. mykiss colonizing the study area. Adult steelhead and fluvial Rainbow Trout entered the stream during the first spawning season after barrier removal and were passing the uppermost tag reader (12km upstream from the mouth) 3-4years later. Parr that were tagged in Beaver Creek returned as adults, indicating establishment of the anadromous life history in the study area. Population genetic measures at the lower two monitoring sites (lower 4km of Beaver Creek) significantly changed within one generation (4-5years). Colonization and expansion of steelhead occurred more slowly than expected due to the low number of adults migrating into the study area. Received September 7, 2012; accepted March 14, 2013 C1 [Weigel, Dana E.] Snake River Area Off, Bur Reclamat, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Connolly, Patrick J.; Martens, Kyle D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Powell, Madison S.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Weigel, DE (reprint author), Snake River Area Off, Bur Reclamat, 220 5th St,Suite 105, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM dweigel@usbr.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Our project was possible due to the support of numerous individuals and agencies. Funding and materials were provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We are grateful to the local landowners, G. Ott and V. Stokes, who allowed access to sites on Beaver Creek. M. Newsom provided valuable scientific direction to the project. G. Knott and M. Notaro provided support with local coordination and permitting. B. Fisher, W. Tibbits, and N. Glasser assisted in data collection and in operation and maintenance of the weir and PIT tag readers. J. Faler conducted the tissue extraction and microsatellite analysis. C. Ostberg and S. Grabowski supplied comments for improving the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 920 EP 930 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.788560 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900004 ER PT J AU Flannery, BG Spangler, RE Norcross, BL Lewis, CJ Wenburg, JK AF Flannery, Blair G. Spangler, Robert E. Norcross, Brenda L. Lewis, Cara J. Wenburg, John K. TI Microsatellite Analysis of Population Structure in Alaska Eulachon with Application to Mixed-Stock Analysis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH GENE FLOW; THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; EFFECTIVE SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MARINE FISHES; ATLANTIC COD; SALMON; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Estimation of genetic population structure, diversity, and effective population size (N-e ) is important for defining meaningful conservation units and assessing genetic health. Recent conservation concerns in Alaska have highlighted the need for research on Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus, a species about which relatively little is known. Therefore, genetic variation was assayed at 14 microsatellite loci to investigate the genetic population structure of Alaska Eulachon. This analysis revealed a low degree of genetic divergence (G(ST) = 0.005) that is structured by broad-scale northern and southern geographic regions. Overall, there is a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances, suggesting that gene flow is geographically restricted and follows an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. However, closer analysis reveals an absence of IBD within regions and that gene flow is primarily restricted by the geographic distance between regions, a pattern that better approximates the hierarchical island model. Gene flow is likely restricted between regions by a biogeographical barrier (i.e., the Alexander Archipelago). Alaska Eulachon have high levels of genetic diversity and relatively large N-e estimates of 3,535 and 2,823 for the northern and southern regions, respectively, although a large variance in reproductive success is likely responsible for a low N-e /N ratio. The observed genetic divergence suggests that it would be advantageous to manage the two regions separately to maintain productivity and evolutionary potential for Eulachon. Mixed-stock analysis (MSA) of simulated and known-origin mixtures supports the feasibility of regional stock separation. The northern and southern regions had MSA accuracies that were near or greater than 90% when fish from a single region comprised the mixtures. Further population structure may be present within regions, but additional analyses of collections across sampling years are necessary to clarify the microevolutionary processes. Received June 7, 2012; accepted March 25, 2013 C1 [Flannery, Blair G.; Lewis, Cara J.; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Flannery, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 East Tudor Rd,, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM blair_flannery@fws.gov FU USFWS, Office of Subsistence Management, through the Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program [07-610] FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) laboratory received partial funding support from the USFWS, Office of Subsistence Management, through the Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program, project 07-610. We thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, or the U.S. Forest Service. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.790841 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900014 ER PT J AU Dammeyer, NT Phillips, CT Bonner, TH AF Dammeyer, Nathan T. Phillips, Catherine T. Bonner, Timothy H. TI Site Fidelity and Movement of Etheostoma fonticola with Implications to Endangered Species Management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATE; SAN-MARCOS RIVER; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; FOUNTAIN DARTER; STREAM FISHES; MOTTLED SCULPINS; HABITAT PATCHES; FRESH-WATER; PATTERNS; PISCES AB We quantified site fidelity, directionality and magnitude of movement, and factors associated with movement of the endangered Fountain Darter Etheostoma fonticola, a narrowly distributed (<11km of stream habitat) and small etheostomid, within a 200-m section of a spring-fed river on the Edwards Plateau of south-central Texas. Etheostoma fonticola exhibited high site fidelity, moving on average (1 SD) 10 +/- 17m during a 1-year period. Site fidelity was most notable in areas with low-growing aquatic vegetation (i.e., algae or Ricca fluitans). Movement was most often towards areas with low-growing aquatic vegetation (69%), more frequently in an upstream direction (81%), in winter and spring-summer seasons (>55%), and among larger fish (>30mm TL). Maximum distance moved was 95m within 26 d. Movement of E. fonticola was consistent with movement of narrowly distributed and slackwater etheostomids as well as widely distributed, swift-water etheostomids. As such, movement potential and maximum movement do not satisfactorily explain why some darters are more widely distributed than others. Collectively, etheostomids conform to the theory of restricted movements among resident stream fishes, but movement of large distances occurs and is probably necessary, even among species with high site fidelity. Received June 4, 2012; accepted April 3, 2013 C1 [Dammeyer, Nathan T.; Phillips, Catherine T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Dammeyer, Nathan T.; Bonner, Timothy H.] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Dammeyer, NT (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Midatlantic Network, Inventory & Monitoring Program, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405 USA. EM nathan_dammeyer@nps.gov FU USGS Quick Response program grant through the Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (US-FWS); Texas State University, Department of Biology (TxState); Texas State University-San Marcos [IACUC 0816_0331_17]; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [SPR-0390-045]; USFWS Threatened and Endangered Species Permit [TE676811-2] FX This project was funded by a USGS Quick Response program grant through the Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC), by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (US-FWS), and by Texas State University, Department of Biology (TxState). We thank E. Little (CERC), T. Brandt (USFWS), and F. Weckerley (TxState) for their support throughout the project. We also thank A. Abuzeineh, D. Araujo, H. Dammeyer, B. Labay, T. Heard, C. Lash, K. Kollaus, D. Maxwell, R. Maxwell, S. McMillan, J. Perkin, B. Phillips, and Z. Shattuck for field assistance. Sampling permits were granted by Texas State University-San Marcos (IACUC 0816_0331_17), Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Permit SPR-0390-045), and USFWS Threatened and Endangered Species Permit (TE676811-2). Views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USFWS. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1057 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.793612 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900015 ER PT J AU Kapuscinski, KL Sloss, BL Farrell, JM AF Kapuscinski, Kevin L. Sloss, Brian L. Farrell, John M. TI Genetic Population Structure of Muskellunge in the Great Lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; NORTHERN PIKE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SPAWNING HABITAT; SITE FIDELITY; NEW-YORK; STOCKING; MICHIGAN; DIFFERENTIATION AB We quantified genetic relationships among Muskellunge Esox masquinongy from 15 locations in the Great Lakes to determine the extent and distribution of measurable population structure and to identify appropriate spatial scales for fishery management and genetic conservation. We hypothesized that Muskellunge from each area represented genetically distinct populations, which would be evident from analyses of genotype data. A total of 691 Muskellunge were sampled (n = 10-127/site) and genetic data were collected at 13 microsatellite loci. Results from a suite of analyses (including pairwise genetic differentiation, Bayesian admixture prediction, analysis of molecular variance, and tests of isolation by distance) indicated the presence of nine distinct genetic groups, including two that were approximately 50km apart. Geographic proximity and low habitat complexity seemed to facilitate genetic similarity among areas, whereas Muskellunge from areas of greater habitat heterogeneity exhibited high differentiation. Muskellunge from most areas contained private alleles, and mean within-area genetic variation was similar to that reported for other freshwater fishes. Management programs aimed at conserving the broader diversity and long-term sustainability of Muskellunge could benefit by considering the genetically distinct groups as independent fisheries, and individual spawning and nursery habitats could subsequently be protected to conserve the evolutionary potential of Muskellunge. Received April 5, 2012; accepted April 18, 2013 C1 [Kapuscinski, Kevin L.; Farrell, John M.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Kapuscinski, KL (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 304 Illick Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM klkapusc@esf.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Grants [F-61-R]; Niagara River Greenway Ecological Fund Standing Committee FX Many employees of the Thousand Islands Biological Station and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation assisted with tissue sample collection. Paul McKeown and Michael Wilkinson (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) provided extensive logistical support and help in the field. In addition, Arunas Liskauskas (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), David Rowe (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources), Michael Thomas (Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment), and Simon Despatie and Yves de Lafontaine (Environment Canada) collected or coordinated the collection of Muskellunge tissue samples. Numerous anglers, including members of the Niagara Musky Association and Muskies Canada Gananoque and Thousand Islands Chapter, voluntarily submitted Muskellunge tissue samples; Rich Clarke, ScottKitchen, Josh Ketry, Greg Reynolds, John Kennedy, J-P Cloutier, Mike Lazarus, Rocky Gauthier, and Jim Hutchings made especially significant contributions. Ryan Franckowiak and Brandon Spude coordinated and conducted genotyping of Muskellunge tissue samples. This work was funded by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Grants (most recently F-61-R) administered by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and a grant from the Niagara River Greenway Ecological Fund Standing Committee. This is a contribution of the Thousand Islands Biological Station. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1089 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.799515 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VB UT WOS:000324613900018 ER PT J AU Fagan, ME DeFries, RS Sesnie, SE Arroyo, JP Walker, W Soto, C Chazdon, RL Sanchun, A AF Fagan, M. E. DeFries, R. S. Sesnie, S. E. Arroyo, J. P. Walker, W. Soto, C. Chazdon, R. L. Sanchun, A. TI Land cover dynamics following a deforestation ban in northern Costa Rica SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; deforestation; agricultural intensification; land sparing; protected areas; payments for environmental services (PES); tree plantations; remote sensing ID TROPICAL FORESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES; CONSERVATION COSTS; PROTECTED AREAS; NATIONAL-PARK; POLICIES; IMPACT; FUTURE; INTENSIFICATION; REFORESTATION AB Forest protection policies potentially reduce deforestation and re-direct agricultural expansion to already-cleared areas. Using satellite imagery, we assessed whether deforestation for conversion to pasture and cropland decreased in the lowlands of northern Costa Rica following the 1996 ban on forest clearing, despite a tripling of area under pineapple cultivation in the last decade. We observed that following the ban, mature forest loss decreased from 2.2% to 1.2% per year, and the proportion of pineapple and other export-oriented cropland derived from mature forest declined from 16.4% to 1.9%. The post-ban expansion of pineapples and other crops largely replaced pasture, exotic and native tree plantations, and secondary forests. Overall, there was a small net gain in forest cover due to a shifting mosaic of regrowth and clearing in pastures, but cropland expansion decreased reforestation rates. We conclude that forest protection efforts in northern Costa Rica have likely slowed mature forest loss and succeeded in re-directing expansion of cropland to areas outside mature forest. Our results suggest that deforestation bans may protect mature forests better than older forest regrowth and may restrict clearing for large-scale crops more effectively than clearing for pasture. C1 [Fagan, M. E.; DeFries, R. S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sesnie, S. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Arroyo, J. P.; Soto, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Walker, W.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Chazdon, R. L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. [Sanchun, A.] EARTH Univ, Guacimo, Costa Rica. RP Fagan, ME (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mef2153@columbia.edu RI Soto Castro, Carlomagno/G-6510-2014; OI Soto Castro, Carlomagno/0000-0002-1916-9549; Chazdon, Robin/0000-0002-7349-5687 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Fellowship [NNX10AP49H]; ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award; Earth Institute; Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies FX This letter benefited greatly from the comments of two anonymous reviewers, and was also improved by constructive criticism from Meha Jain and Victor Gutierrez-Velez. Field research was made possible by logistical support provided by FUNDECOR and the staff at the Organization for Tropical Studies La Selva Biological Station, and we would like to thank Jose Miranda, Marvin Paniagua, and Mauricio Gaitan for assistance in the field. We thank CENAT, Amanda Wendt, and Carlos Andres Campos for providing geospatial data on Costa Rica and would like to express our appreciation to Bonnie Tice and Sue Pirkle. This work was funded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Fellowship NNX10AP49H, the ASPRS Ta Liang Memorial Award, The Earth Institute, and the Columbia Institute of Latin American Studies. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 034017 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100023 ER PT J AU Foreman, CM Cory, RM Morris, CE SanClements, MD Smith, HJ Lisle, JT Miller, PL Chin, YP McKnight, DM AF Foreman, Christine M. Cory, Rose M. Morris, Cindy E. SanClements, Michael D. Smith, Heidi J. Lisle, John T. Miller, Penney L. Chin, Yu-Ping McKnight, Diane M. TI Microbial growth under humic-free conditions in a supraglacial stream system on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter (DOM); extracellular emission matrices (EEMs); ice nucleation activity; fluorescence ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DRY VALLEY LAKES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; AMINO-ACIDS; ICE; WATER; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB During the austral summers of 2004 and 2009, we sampled a supraglacial stream on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica. The stream dissolved organic matter (DOM) was low (44-48 mu M C) and lacked detectable humic fluorescence signatures. Analysis of the excitation emissions matrices (EEMs) indicated that amino-acid fluorophores dominated, consistent with DOM of microbial origin, with little humic-like fluorescence. In most aquatic ecosystems, humic DOM attenuates harmful UV radiation and its absence may represent an additional stressor influencing the microbial community. Nonetheless, the stream contained an active microbial assemblage with bacterial cell abundances from 2.94 x 10(4) to 4.97 x 10(5) cells ml(-1), and bacterial production ranging from 58.8 to 293.2 ng C l(-1) d(-1). Chlorophyll-a concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 0.53 mu g l(-1) indicating that algal phototrophs were the probable source of the DOM. Microbial isolates produced a rainbow of pigment colors, suggesting adaptation to stress, and were similar to those from other cryogenic systems (Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes lineages). Supraglacial streams provide an example of contemporary microbial processes on the glacier surface and a natural laboratory for studying microbial adaptation to the absence of humics. C1 [Foreman, Christine M.; Smith, Heidi J.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Foreman, Christine M.; Smith, Heidi J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Morris, Cindy E.] INRA, Pathol Vegetale UR407, F-84450 Montfavet, France. [SanClements, Michael D.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lisle, John T.] USGS, St Petersburg Coastal Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Miller, Penney L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Foreman, CM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM Diane.McKnight@Colorado.edu RI Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Foreman, Christine/0000-0003-0230-4692; Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084 FU NSF [OPP-0338260, OPP-0338299, OPP-0338121, OPP-0338342]; Montana Space Grant Consortium FX Helicopter access was provided by Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated, with special thanks to D Black, B James and J Scott Pentecost. Logistical support was provided by Raytheon Polar Services, with B Brunner providing mountaineering advice. Chris Jaros was integral to field sampling and coordination. K Welch provided the ion data. Descriptions of the Cotton Glacier geology were provided by D Elliot. We thank D Georgakopoulos (Athens Agricultural University) for kindly providing strain GrX-01, and to T Wagner for the opportunity to visit this unique system. Funding for this project came from NSF OPP-0338260 to YPC, OPP-0338299 to DMM, OPP-0338121 to PLM, and OPP-0338342 and the Montana Space Grant Consortium to CMF. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 035022 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035022 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100067 ER PT J AU Hicke, JA Meddens, AJH Allen, CD Kolden, CA AF Hicke, Jeffrey A. Meddens, Arjan J. H. Allen, Craig D. Kolden, Crystal A. TI Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bark beetle outbreaks; forest disturbances; forest carbon cycling; western United States ID FOREST INVENTORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WORLDS; DISTURBANCES; STORAGE; CANADA; FIRES; SINKS; AREA; US AB Forests are major components of the carbon cycle, and disturbances are important influences of forest carbon. Our objective was to contribute to the understanding of forest carbon cycling by quantifying the amount of carbon in trees killed by two disturbance types, fires and bark beetles, in the western United States in recent decades. We combined existing spatial data sets of forest biomass, burn severity, and beetle-caused tree mortality to estimate the amount of aboveground and belowground carbon in killed trees across the region. We found that during 1984-2010, fires killed trees that contained 5-11 Tg C year(-1) and during 1997-2010, beetles killed trees that contained 2-24 Tg C year(-1), with more trees killed since 2000 than in earlier periods. Over their periods of record, amounts of carbon in trees killed by fires and by beetle outbreaks were similar, and together these disturbances killed trees representing 9% of the total tree carbon in western forests, a similar amount to harvesting. Fires killed more trees in lower-elevation forest types such as Douglas-fir than higher-elevation forest types, whereas bark beetle outbreaks also killed trees in higher-elevation forest types such as lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. Over 15% of the carbon in lodgepole pine and spruce/fir forest types was in trees killed by beetle outbreaks; other forest types had 5-10% of the carbon in killed trees. Our results document the importance of these natural disturbances in the carbon budget of the western United States. C1 [Hicke, Jeffrey A.; Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Kolden, Crystal A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jhicke@uidaho.edu RI Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013 FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative [G09AC00337]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [193703-1]; NOAA [NA090AR4310194]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0910928]; USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center [PNW-08-JV-1126900-082]; NASA [NNX11AO24G S03] FX Support was provided by the USGS Western Mountain Initiative (Award Number G09AC00337), Los Alamos National Laboratory (Subcontract Number 193703-1), NOAA (Award Number NA090AR4310194), the National Science Foundation (Award Number EAR-0910928), the USDA Forest Service Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center (Agreement Number PNW-08-JV-1126900-082), and NASA (Agreement Number NNX11AO24G S03). We thank Ben Bright for assistance with data processing, and anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the letter. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 54 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 035032 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100077 ER PT J AU Jafarov, EE Romanovsky, VE Genet, H McGuire, AD Marchenko, SS AF Jafarov, E. E. Romanovsky, V. E. Genet, H. McGuire, A. D. Marchenko, S. S. TI The effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; wildfires; active layer; carbon cycle; climate change; GIPL; modeling ID SITU TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; BOREAL FORESTS; ACTIVE-LAYER; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; CARBON; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; VULNERABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY AB Fire is an important factor controlling the composition and thickness of the organic layer in the black spruce forest ecosystems of interior Alaska. Fire that burns the organic layer can trigger dramatic changes in the underlying permafrost, leading to accelerated ground thawing within a relatively short time. In this study, we addressed the following questions. (1) Which factors determine post-fire ground temperature dynamics in lowland and upland black spruce forests? (2) What levels of burn severity will cause irreversible permafrost degradation in these ecosystems? We evaluated these questions in a transient modeling-sensitivity analysis framework to assess the sensitivity of permafrost to climate, burn severity, soil organic layer thickness, and soil moisture content in lowland (with thick organic layers, similar to 80 cm) and upland (with thin organic layers, similar to 30 cm) black spruce ecosystems. The results indicate that climate warming accompanied by fire disturbance could significantly accelerate permafrost degradation. In upland black spruce forest, permafrost could completely degrade in an 18 m soil column within 120 years of a severe fire in an unchanging climate. In contrast, in a lowland black spruce forest, permafrost is more resilient to disturbance and can persist under a combination of moderate burn severity and climate warming. C1 [Jafarov, E. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jafarov, E. E.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Marchenko, S. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Genet, H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.] Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tumen, Russia. RP Jafarov, EE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM elchin@nsidc.org RI Jafarov, Elchin/G-1616-2016 OI Jafarov, Elchin/0000-0002-8310-3261 FU US Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center; Arctic; Western Alaska; Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperatives; National Science Foundation [ARC-0856864] FX We are very thankful to K Schaefer, S Higgins, S Yi, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggested edits. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Alaska Climate Science Center and by the Arctic, Western Alaska, and Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperatives as part of the development of the integrated ecosystem model of Alaska and Northwest Canada. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation under grant ARC-0856864. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 035030 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100075 ER PT J AU Johnson, KD Harden, JW McGuire, AD Clark, M Yuan, FM Finley, AO AF Johnson, Kristofer D. Harden, Jennifer W. McGuire, A. David Clark, Mark Yuan, Fengming Finley, Andrew O. TI Permafrost and organic layer interactions over a climate gradient in a discontinuous permafrost zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; discontinuous zone; organic soil; structural equation modeling; interior Alaska ID BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON-CYCLE; FIRE; ACCUMULATION; MATTER; USA; DECOMPOSITION; VULNERABILITY AB Permafrost is tightly coupled to the organic soil layer, an interaction that mediates permafrost degradation in response to regional warming. We analyzed changes in permafrost occurrence and organic layer thickness (OLT) using more than 3000 soil pedons across a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient. Cause and effect relationships between permafrost probability (PF), OLT, and other topographic factors were investigated using structural equation modeling in a multi-group analysis. Groups were defined by slope, soil texture type, and shallow (<28 cm) versus deep organic (>= 28 cm) layers. The probability of observing permafrost sharply increased by 0.32 for every 10-cm OLT increase in shallow OLT soils (OLTs) due to an insulation effect, but PF decreased in deep OLT soils (OLTd) by 0.06 for every 10-cm increase. Across the MAT gradient, PF in sandy soils varied little, but PF in loamy and silty soils decreased substantially from cooler to warmer temperatures. The change in OLT was more heterogeneous across soil texture types-in some there was no change while in others OLTs soils thinned and/or OLTd soils thickened at warmer locations. Furthermore, when soil organic carbon was estimated using a relationship with thickness, the average increase in carbon in OLTd soils was almost four times greater compared to the average decrease in carbon in OLTs soils across all soil types. If soils follow a trajectory of warming that mimics the spatial gradients found today, then heterogeneities of permafrost degradation and organic layer thinning and thickening should be considered in the regional carbon balance. C1 [Johnson, Kristofer D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Clark, Mark] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Yuan, Fengming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yuan, Fengming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Johnson, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM kristoferdjohnson@fs.fed.us FU US Geological Survey; NSF [EF-1137309, EF-1253225]; NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants FX This assessment was sponsored by the US Geological Survey funded research on 'Assessing the Role of Deep Soil Organic Carbon in interior Alaska: Data, Models, and Spatial/Temporal Dynamics'. The soil pedon database provided by the USDA NRCS in Alaska was essential to study, as well as contributors to the Alaska Soil Carbon Database. AOF was supported by NSF EF-1137309 and EF-1253225, as well as NASA Carbon Monitoring System grants. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 42 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 035028 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035028 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100073 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, MT Harden, J Kanevskiy, M O'Donnell, J Wickland, K Ewing, S Manies, K Zhuang, QL Shur, Y Striegl, R Koch, J AF Jorgenson, M. Torre Harden, Jennifer Kanevskiy, Mikhail O'Donnell, Jonathan Wickland, Kim Ewing, Stephanie Manies, Kristen Zhuang, Qianlai Shur, Yuri Striegl, Robert Koch, Josh TI Reorganization of vegetation, hydrology and soil carbon after permafrost degradation across heterogeneous boreal landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE landscape change; vegetation; water storage; soil carbon; permafrost; fire ID BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEM; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ORGANIC-MATTER; FIRE; ACCUMULATION; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION AB The diversity of ecosystems across boreal landscapes, successional changes after disturbance and complicated permafrost histories, present enormous challenges for assessing how vegetation, water and soil carbon may respond to climate change in boreal regions. To address this complexity, we used a chronosequence approach to assess changes in vegetation composition, water storage and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks along successional gradients within four landscapes: (1) rocky uplands on ice-poor hillside colluvium, (2) silty uplands on extremely ice-rich loess, (3) gravelly-sandy lowlands on ice-poor eolian sand and (4) peaty-silty lowlands on thick ice-rich peat deposits over reworked lowland loess. In rocky uplands, after fire permafrost thawed rapidly due to low ice contents, soils became well drained and SOC stocks decreased slightly. In silty uplands, after fire permafrost persisted, soils remained saturated and SOC decreased slightly. In gravelly-sandy lowlands where permafrost persisted in drier forest soils, loss of deeper permafrost around lakes has allowed recent widespread drainage of lakes that has exposed limnic material with high SOC to aerobic decomposition. In peaty-silty lowlands, 2-4 m of thaw settlement led to fragmented drainage patterns in isolated thermokarst bogs and flooding of soils, and surface soils accumulated new bog peat. We were not able to detect SOC changes in deeper soils, however, due to high variability. Complicated soil stratigraphy revealed that permafrost has repeatedly aggraded and degraded in all landscapes during the Holocene, although in silty uplands only the upper permafrost was affected. Overall, permafrost thaw has led to the reorganization of vegetation, water storage and flow paths, and patterns of SOC accumulation. However, changes have occurred over different timescales among landscapes: over decades in rocky uplands and gravelly-sandy lowlands in response to fire and lake drainage, over decades to centuries in peaty-silty lowlands with a legacy of complicated Holocene changes, and over centuries in silty uplands where ice-rich soil and ecological recovery protect permafrost. C1 [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Harden, Jennifer; Manies, Kristen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail; Shur, Yuri] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [O'Donnell, Jonathan] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Wickland, Kim; Striegl, Robert] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ewing, Stephanie] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Koch, Josh] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Jorgenson, MT (reprint author), Alaska Ecosci, 2332 Cordes Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM ecoscience@alaska.net RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Koch, Joshua/0000-0001-7180-6982 FU NSF [EAR 0630319]; USGS FX Funding was provided by NSF (EAR 0630319) and USGS with logistical support by FWS. We thank Trish Miller, Kate Beatty and Mark Winterstein of ABR, and Pedro Rodriguez for help with field sampling. Olga Afonina and Mikhail Zhurbenko identified moss and lichen voucher specimens. Additional thanks to Karin Bodony, FWS and Jim Webster, Webster Flying Service, for logistical support. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were very helpful. NR 62 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 12 U2 117 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR UNSP 035017 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100062 ER PT J AU Mishra, U Jastrow, JD Matamala, R Hugelius, G Koven, CD Harden, JW Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Fan, Z Miller, RM McGuire, AD Tarnocai, C Kuhry, P Riley, WJ Schaefer, K Schuur, EAG Jorgenson, MT Hinzman, LD AF Mishra, U. Jastrow, J. D. Matamala, R. Hugelius, G. Koven, C. D. Harden, J. W. Ping, C. L. Michaelson, G. J. Fan, Z. Miller, R. M. McGuire, A. D. Tarnocai, C. Kuhry, P. Riley, W. J. Schaefer, K. Schuur, E. A. G. Jorgenson, M. T. Hinzman, L. D. TI Empirical estimates to reduce modeling uncertainties of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions: a review of recent progress and remaining challenges SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; Earth system models; uncertainty; carbon-climate feedbacks; permafrost; cryoturbation ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA SOILS; ALASKA; RELEASE; CANADA; STOCKS; POOLS; WORLD; CYCLE AB The vast amount of organic carbon (OC) stored in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region is a potentially vulnerable component of the global carbon cycle. However, estimates of the quantity, decomposability, and combustibility of OC contained in permafrost-region soils remain highly uncertain, thereby limiting our ability to predict the release of greenhouse gases due to permafrost thawing. Substantial differences exist between empirical and modeling estimates of the quantity and distribution of permafrost-region soil OC, which contribute to large uncertainties in predictions of carbon-climate feedbacks under future warming. Here, we identify research challenges that constrain current assessments of the distribution and potential decomposability of soil OC stocks in the northern permafrost region and suggest priorities for future empirical and modeling studies to address these challenges. C1 [Mishra, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jastrow, J. D.; Matamala, R.; Fan, Z.; Miller, R. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Koven, C. D.; Riley, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ping, C. L.; Michaelson, G. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Tarnocai, C.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jorgenson, M. T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Hinzman, L. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mishra, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM umishra@anl.gov RI Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014 OI Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065 FU National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This paper originated as the result of the presentations and discussions at two workshops organized by Argonne National Laboratory at the request of the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division to discuss the state of current knowledge and research needs for characterizing and modeling soil carbon in permafrost regions and its potential vulnerability to changing climate. The formulation of the ideas and concepts presented here have also benefited from discussions facilitated by the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Collaboration Network (www.biology.ufl.edu/permafrostcarbon/) sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This study was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to Argonne National Laboratory. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 72 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR 035020 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FL UT WOS:000325247100065 ER PT J AU Meng, XF Peng, ZG Hardebeck, JL AF Meng, Xiaofeng Peng, Zhigang Hardebeck, Jeanne L. TI Seismicity around Parkfield correlates with static shear stress changes following the 2003 M(w)6.5 San Simeon earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake triggering; stress shadow; Parkfield ID ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; AFTERSHOCK DENSITY; DYNAMIC STRESS; DECAY; DISTANCE; HAZARD; LAW AB Earthquakes trigger other earthquakes, but the physical mechanism of the triggering is currently debated. Most studies of earthquake triggering rely on earthquakes listed in catalogs, which are known to be incomplete around the origin times of large earthquakes and therefore missing potentially triggered events. Here we apply a waveform matched-filter technique to systematically detect earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault from 46days before to 31days after the nearby 2003 M(w)6.5 San Simeon earthquake. After removing all possible false detections, we identify similar to 8 times more earthquakes than in the Northern California Seismic Network catalog. The newly identified events along the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault show a statistically significant decrease following the San Simeon main shock, which correlates well with the negative static stress changes (i.e., stress shadow) cast by the main shock. In comparison, the seismicity rate around Parkfield increased moderately where the static stress changes are positive. The seismicity rate changes correlate well with the static shear stress changes induced by the San Simeon main shock, suggesting a low friction in the seismogenic zone along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault. C1 [Meng, Xiaofeng; Peng, Zhigang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hardebeck, Jeanne L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Meng, XF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM xmeng7@gatech.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0956051]; USGS NEHRP program [G12AP20090]; Georgia Tech's Institute for Data and High-Performance Computing (IDH) Seed Grant FX The seismic data used in this study are recorded by the High Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN), Berkeley Digital Seismic Network (BK), and Northern California Seismic Network (NC) operated by Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and are distributed by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC). We thank David Shelly and Peng Zhao for useful suggestions and Ross Stein for valuable comments. X.M. and Z.P. were supported by the National Science Foundation through award EAR-0956051, the USGS NEHRP program through award G12AP20090, and Georgia Tech's Institute for Data and High-Performance Computing (IDH) Seed Grant. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3576 EP 3591 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50271 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 225HE UT WOS:000324952300021 ER PT J AU Gold, RD Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK Briggs, RW Crone, AJ Angster, SJ AF Gold, Ryan D. Stephenson, William J. Odum, Jack K. Briggs, Richard W. Crone, Anthony J. Angster, Stephen J. TI Concealed Quaternary strike-slip fault resolved with airborne lidar and seismic reflection: The Grizzly Valley fault system, northern Walker Lane, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Grizzly Valley fault system; seismic reflection; Quaternary fault; Northern Walker Lane; lidar; strike-slip fault ID MAYOR-CUCAPAH EARTHQUAKE; LOG-A OBSERVATIONS; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; RANGE PROVINCE; HONEY LAKE; 3 MA; NEVADA; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE AB The Grizzly Valley fault system (GVFS) strikes northwestward across Sierra Valley, a low-relief basin situated within a network of active dextral slip faults in the northern Walker Lane, California. Quaternary motion along the Grizzly Valley fault system has not been previously documented. We used high-resolution (0.25m) airborne lidar data in combination with high-resolution, P wave, seismic reflection imaging to evaluate Quaternary deformation associated with the GVFS. We identified suspected tectonic lineaments using the lidar data and collected seismic reflection data along six profiles across the lineaments. The seismic reflection images reveal a deformed basal marker that we interpret to be the top of Tertiary volcanic rocks overlain by a 120-450m thick suite of subhorizontal reflectors that we interpret to be Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine deposits. Three profiles image features that we interpret to be the principal active trace of the GVFS, which is a steeply dipping fault zone that vertically offsets the volcanic rocks and the lacustrine basin fill. These data suggest that the GVFS may have been active in latest Quaternary time because (1) the lidar data show subtle surficial geomorphic features that are typical of youthful faulting, including a topographic lineament marked by an similar to 1 m high ridge composed of discontinuous, left-stepping lobes, and (2) the seismic profiles demonstrate shallow faulting of the lacustrine strata that coincides with the left-stepping ridge. This investigation illustrates the potential for unidentified, low-rate, strike-slip faults in basins and emphasizes the value of high-resolution topographic data and subsurface imaging as a means of identifying these structures. C1 [Gold, Ryan D.; Stephenson, William J.; Odum, Jack K.; Briggs, Richard W.; Crone, Anthony J.; Angster, Stephen J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gold, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rgold@usgs.gov RI Briggs, Richard/A-1348-2013 OI Briggs, Richard/0000-0001-8108-0046 FU U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program FX David Worley, James Allen, and Daniel Bowden provided assistance in the field. John McBride provided the weight drop source used for the seismic reflection profile work. We thank local landowners Scott Thompson, Darrin Damonte, Elmer Roberti, Jeff Carmichael, and Todd York, as well as Plumas County, for providing permission for us to conduct this study. The U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program supported this work. Reviews by Stephen Personius, two anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor significantly improved this paper. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3753 EP 3766 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50238 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 225HE UT WOS:000324952300032 ER PT J AU Farrell, KM Harris, WB Mallinson, DJ Culver, SJ Riggs, SR Wehmiller, JF Moore, JP Self-Trail, JM Lautier, JC AF Farrell, Kathleen M. Harris, W. Burleigh Mallinson, David J. Culver, Stephen J. Riggs, Stanley R. Wehmiller, John F. Moore, Jessica Pierson Self-Trail, Jean M. Lautier, Jeff C. TI GRAPHIC LOGGING FOR INTERPRETING PROCESS-GENERATED STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCES AND AQUIFER/RESERVOIR POTENTIAL: WITH ANALOG SHELF TO SHOREFACE EXAMPLES FROM THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN PROVINCE, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; QUATERNARY PALEOENVIRONMENTS; MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL RECORD; FACIES ARCHITECTURE; KENILWORTH MEMBER; BOOK-CLIFFS; CAROLINA; SEDIMENTS; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB This paper demonstrates a process-based method of graphic logging and stratigraphic interpretation that is based on a new, texturally based classification of elastic sediment which is independent from composition, cementation, and geologic environment. The method integrates facies analysis with sequence stratigraphy because it requires identifying surfaces, compiling vertical changes in texture and attributes between surfaces, and uses these parameters to identify facies units and interpret continuously deposited intervals. Four elastic shelf to shoreface successions from the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province (Cretaceous to Holocene in age) with established chronostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic frameworks provide examples of the application of this method. For each, graphic logs standardized for texture show the facies and bounding surfaces that define the thickness and hierarchy of event strata (e.g., sequences, beds, bedsets, parasequences, parasequence sets); these are directly compared with gamma-ray log response patterns and the distribution of factors that impact potential permeability. Shelf to shoreface successions were chosen because these facies exhibit the greatest diversity in composition (siliciclastic, carbonate, and glauco-phosphatics), but, in spite of this, exhibit comparable and predictable graphic and gamma-ray response patterns if systematically logged using this method. For the process response model examined, texture, i.e., principal grain size, controls the amplitude (width) of the graphic log; its shape is constant, and independent from composition. The pattern in the correlated gamma-ray log parallels the log of principal grain size, except that an inverse response is associated with coarser lags; the amplitude of the gamma log is controlled by composition. A proxy for permeability developed from standardized textural fields is applied to two of the examples, to shows how aquifer or reservoir potential is systematically tied to stratigraphic and sedimentologic parameters. C1 [Farrell, Kathleen M.; Moore, Jessica Pierson] North Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh Field Off & Core Repository, Mail Serv Ctr 1620, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Harris, W. Burleigh] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Mallinson, David J.; Culver, Stephen J.; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Wehmiller, John F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Self-Trail, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Lautier, Jeff C.] North Carolina Div Water Resources, Mail Serv Ctr 1611, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Farrell, KM (reprint author), North Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh Field Off & Core Repository, Mail Serv Ctr 1620, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. EM Kathleen.Farrell@ncdenr.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources [C9994657-03]; U.S. Geological Survey [02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 02ERAG0015, 06ERAG0027] FX We thank Dr. Kenneth B. Taylor, State Geologist, North Carolina Geological Survey, for his support. Research was funded by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Nonpoint Source FY03 Section 319(h) Cooperative Agreement #C9994657-03). Other support came from U.S. Geological Survey cooperative agreement awards 02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 02ERAG0015, and 06ERAG0027; thanks are extended to E. Robert Thieler. Critical reviews were supplied by Whitney J. Autin, Claudio Di Celma, Robert S. Weems, Gregory S. Gohn, and an anonymous reviewer. The manuscript was greatly improved by input provided by Robert S. Tye and James W. Castle. Cores are archived at the North Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh Field Office and Core Repository, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. Log templates (based on Figs. 3 and 8) and the key to symbols (Fig. 9) are available for download as editable Adobe Illustrator Artwork (and pdfs) from JSR's Data Archive: http://sepm.org/pages.aspx?pageid=229. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 83 IS 7-8 BP 723 EP 745 DI 10.2110/jsr.2013.52 PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA 212VI UT WOS:000324010500012 ER PT J AU Jousset, P Pallister, J Surono AF Jousset, Philippe Pallister, John Surono TI The 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Merapi volcano 2010 eruption; Highlights of scientific results; Response to eruption; International cooperation ID CENTRAL JAVA; INDONESIA AB y C1 [Jousset, Philippe] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Pallister, John] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Surono] Ctr Volcanol & Geol Hazard Mitigat, Bandung 40122, Indonesia. RP Jousset, P (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM pjousset@gfz-postdam.de NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 261 SI SI BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.008 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214RV UT WOS:000324154400001 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Schneider, DJ Griswold, JP Keeler, RH Burton, WC Noyles, C Newhall, CG Ratdomopurbo, A AF Pallister, John S. Schneider, David J. Griswold, Julia P. Keeler, Ronald H. Burton, William C. Noyles, Christopher Newhall, Christopher G. Ratdomopurbo, Antonius TI Merapi 2010 eruption-Chronology and extrusion rates monitored with satellite radar and used in eruption forecasting SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Radar; Probabilistic eruption forecasting; Crisis response; Eruption rates; Lava dome; Pyroclastic flow; Merapi ID CENTRAL JAVA; INDONESIA; VOLCANO AB Despite dense cloud cover, satellite-borne commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) enabled frequent monitoring of Merapi volcano's 2010 eruption. Near-real-time interpretation of images derived from the amplitude of the SAR signals and timely delivery of these interpretations to those responsible for warnings, allowed satellite remote sensing for the first time to play an equal role with in situ seismic, geodetic and gas monitoring in guiding life-saving decisions during a major volcanic crisis. Our remotely sensed data provide an observational chronology for the main phase of the 2010 eruption, which lasted 12 days (26 October-7 November, 2010). Unlike the prolonged low-rate and relatively low explosivity dome-forming and collapse eruptions of recent decades at Merapi, the eruption began with an explosive eruption that produced a new summit crater on 26 October and was accompanied by an ash column and pyroclastic flows that extended 8 km down the flanks. This initial explosive event was followed by smaller explosive eruptions on 29 October-1 November, then by a period of rapid dome growth on 1-4 November, which produced a summit lava dome with a volume of similar to 5 x 10(6) m(3). A paroxysmal VEI 4 magmatic eruption (with ash column to 17 km altitude) destroyed this dome, greatly enlarged the new summit crater and produced extensive pyroclastic flows (to similar to 16 km radial distance in the Gendol drainage) and surges during the night of 4-5 November. The paroxysmal eruption was followed by a period of jetting of gas and tephra and by a second short period (12 h) of rapid dome growth on 6 November. The eruption ended with low-level ash and steam emissions that buried the 6 November dome with tephra and continued at low levels until seismicity decreased to background levels by about 23 November. Our near-real-time commercial SAR documented the explosive events on 26 October and 4-5 November and high rates of dome growth (>25 m(3) s(-1)). An event tree analysis for the previous 2006 Merapi eruption indicated that for lava dome extrusion rates >1.2 m(3) s(-1), the probability of a large (1872-scale) eruption was similar to 10%. Consequently, the order-of-magnitude greater rates in 2010, along with the explosive start of the eruption on 26 October, the large volume of lava accumulating at the summit by 4 November, and the rapid and large increases in seismic energy release, deformation and gas emissions were the basis for warnings of an unusually large eruption by the Indonesian Geological Agency's Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) and their Volcano Research and Technology Development Center (BPPTK) in Yogyakarta - warnings that saved thousands of lives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pallister, John S.; Griswold, Julia P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. [Pallister, John S.; Griswold, Julia P.] US Agcy Int Dev, VDAP, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. [Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Keeler, Ronald H.; Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Noyles, Christopher] US Bur Land Management, Alaska State Off, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. [Newhall, Christopher G.; Ratdomopurbo, Antonius] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov FU USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; Indonesian Geological Agency (GA) FX We acknowledge the extraordinary efforts, leadership, and friendship of the Director of CVGHM Surono and his colleagues at the BPPTK in Yogyakarta for their life-saving efforts during the 2010 eruption. We also acknowledge the remarkable international collaboration involved in the response to the eruption and subsequent research and we thank Philippe Jousset (Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minferes, now at Deutsches GeoForschungs Zentrum) for his leadership in this effort. We benefited from support of USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the Indonesian Geological Agency (GA) to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program for work in Indonesia and we thank the U.S. Embassy and USAID mission in Jakarta for their assistance and support, as well as colleagues in the USGS for their remote sensing support and around-the-clock monitoring. In this regard, we particularly thank USGS colleagues Michelle Coombs, Tina Neal and Brenda Jones for their assistance. Satellite remote sensing data were provided by the German and Canadian Space Agencies, through the International Charter for Space and Major Disasters and courtesy of GeoEye and Digital Globe. We thank the imagery providers for their rapid and life-saving response to the eruption and for permissions to use their imagery. RADARSAT-2 images provided by MacDonald Dettwiller and Associates Ltd., TerraSAR-X images provided by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR). IKONOS image provided by Satellite Imaging Corporation and WorldView-2 image provided by Digital Globe. This manuscript was improved by constructive reviews by Michelle Coombs of USGS and by two anonymous journal reviewers. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 261 SI SI BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.07.012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214RV UT WOS:000324154400011 ER PT J AU Costa, F Andreastuti, S de Maisonneuve, CB Pallister, JS AF Costa, Fidel Andreastuti, Supriyati de Maisonneuve, Caroline Bouvet Pallister, John S. TI Petrological insights into the storage conditions, and magmatic processes that yielded the centennial 2010 Merapi explosive eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Merapi; Crystal zoning; Explosion; Geothermometry; Indonesia; Intrusion; Time scales ID CENTRAL JAVA; CARBONATE ASSIMILATION; NATURAL DIOPSIDE; PHASE-RELATIONS; WATER-CONTENT; TIME SCALES; ARC MAGMAS; EL-CHICHON; VOLCANO; INDONESIA AB To understand the processes that made the 2010 eruption of Merapi much larger and more explosive than most dome-forming eruptions of the past century, we investigated the geochemistry, petrology, and pre-eruptive conditions of magmas erupted in 2006 and 2010. The juvenile rocks of 2010 are plagioclase, two-pyroxene basaltic andesites with senate textures and minor amounts of reaction-free amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides, and rare crystals of olivine and biotite. The bulk-rock composition, mineral paragenesis, and textures are similar to those of juvenile blocks from the much less explosive eruption of 2006. One of the key differences is that most amphiboles in 2010 don't have breakdown reaction rims, whereas those of 2006 are largely reacted. We acquired >80 X-ray distribution maps of major and minor elements of large areas (>1 cm(2)) and single crystals, backscattered electron images, electron microprobe analyse, and compositional traverses across crystals. The data reveal that both the 2006 and 2010 samples are heterogeneous at various spatial scales, with numerous reaction textures between pyroxenes and amphiboles, dissolution textures, and large variations of crystal sizes, morphologies, and compositions. These features record open-system magmatic processes involving the assimilation of carbonate rocks, and interactions between various parts of Merapi's plumbing system, including a degassed shallow magma system and deep hotter and more volatile rich magma intrusions. The petrological complexity of the samples makes unraveling the pre-eruptive conditions of Merapi magmas a petrological puzzle. We applied five different geothermobarometers and performed thermodynamic modeling with the MELTS algorithm, and we propose that there are at least three crystallization zones or environments below Merapi. A deep reservoir at about 30 (+/-3) km depth is suggested by some amphiboles and high-Al clinopyroxenes. Here is where the high-Al basaltic andesites from Merapi are generated probably by water-rich fractionation of more primitive magmas. Such deep magmas are volatile-rich and at near-liquidus conditions (>= 4-6 wt.% H2O, >= 0.15 wt.% SO2, and an undetermined amount of CO2, at about 1050 degrees C) when they start moving towards the surface. A second crystallization zone is recorded by another type of amphibole at about 13 (+/-2) km. Here high-Al clinopyroxene may also grow together with Ca-rich plagioclase. Assimilation of limestone may also occur at this level as recorded by the very Ca-rich plagioclases found in the cores of some crystals. At this location the water content of the melt must remain high enough to stabilize amphibole (4-6 wt.% H2O) but CO2 and SO2 are probably already degassing and contribute to gas changes observed by the monitoring system at the surface. Finally, a shallower part of the system (<10 km) is recorded by the lower anorthite plagioclase and low-Al in clinopyroxene, and perhaps also in orthopyroxene. This part of the system is probably crystal-rich and largely degassed, and is the likely source of the high-temperature fumaroles and the volcanic gas plumes that are commonly seen at Merapi. We propose that the 2006 and 2010 eruptions were driven by basically the same processes and magma types. The main difference is the much larger size of the deep and volatile-rich magma replenishment that took place in 2010, which had large effects on the kinetics and dynamics of the plumbing system and processes. In 2006, and perhaps also in most of the typical small dome-forming historical eruptions at Merapi, the direct ascent of deep and gas-rich magmas towards the surface is slowed down and partially arrested by the shallower crystal-rich zones of left-over magma from previous events. However, this was not possible in 2010, where the much larger (up to 10 times) size of the magma intrusions overwhelmed the crystal-rich eruption filter. In 2010 the deep magma probably resided for only a short time at intermediate to shallower depths which allowed it to proceed to the surface still carrying most of its deep gas cargo. The larger magma intrusion probably induced higher rates of crustal carbonate assimilation and production of additional CO2 gas at shallow depths. This contributed to the much faster than usual ascent rates and larger explosivities in 2010 than in 2006. These inferences are supported by the shorter interaction times calculated from the diffusion models of clinopyroxene compositions for the 2010 magmas, by the fact that most amphiboles are not broken down in 2010 as opposed to 2006, and also by the much shorter times of escalating monitoring signals (seismicity and deformation) in 2010 compared to 2006. A puzzling observation is that despite the multiple explosive phases of the 2010 eruption, pumiceous materials are rare, and were only found in the last part of the eruption. This contrasts with the abundant tephra layers and vesiculated deposits of older historical explosive events like 1872, and suggest that syn-eruptive processes in 2010 were also different from standard models. The rarity of expanded pumices in 2010 may be due to rapid degassing and re-welding of magma as it ascended from intermediate depths. Given the near constant bulk composition of Merapi magmas erupted in the last decades, and the similarity of textures and minerals in 2006 and 2010, our study suggests that most Merapi magmas are intrinsically capable of explosive eruptions. Here we propose that whether they do so or not mainly depends on the degree of interaction and magma mass proportions between the upper crystal-rich parts of the system (including carbonates) and the deeper and more gas-rich replenishing magmas. Older historical explosive eruptions at Merapi such as in 1872 were driven by more mafic magmas than those erupted in 2006 and 2010 and thus might be caused by different processes from those discussed here. The still unanswered and vexing questions remain as to why in 2010 a much larger amount of magma was segregated from depths and whether this will happen again in the near future. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Costa, Fidel; de Maisonneuve, Caroline Bouvet] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Andreastuti, Supriyati] Geol Agcy, Ctr Volcanol & Geol Hazard Mitigat, Bandung 40122, Indonesia. [Pallister, John S.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Costa, F (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, 50 Nanyang Ave,Block N2-01A-15, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM fcosta@ntu.edu.sg RI Costa, Fidel/B-7035-2011; Bouvet de Maisonneuve, Caroline/E-7470-2013 OI Costa, Fidel/0000-0002-1409-5325; Bouvet de Maisonneuve, Caroline/0000-0003-4123-9336 FU Geological Agency of Indonesia (Badan Geologi); Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, PVMBG); Volcano Research and Technology Development Center (Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tehnik Kegunungapian, BPPTK); USGS; USAID; "Magma plumbing system" EOS research project; Swiss National Science Foundation for the fellowship [PBGEP2_139851] FX We thank A. Borisova, an anonymous reviewer, O. Nadeau, and C. R. Thornber for their comments, which helped to clarify various aspects of the manuscript A. Borisova, S. Innocenti, O. Nadeau, and J.-C. Komorowski gracefully shared with us their unpublished data and paper about Merapi. We also appreciate the work and comments of P. Jousset in editing this manuscript and Special issue. We acknowledge the support from the Geological Agency of Indonesia (Badan Geologi), the Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, PVMBG) and the Volcano Research and Technology Development Center (Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tehnik Kegunungapian, BPPTK). These groups led the successful response to the 2010 Merapi eruption crisis and contributed substantially to this research project. JSP also acknowledges support provided by the USGS and USAID to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program. FC acknowledges funding from the "Magma plumbing system" EOS research project. CBdM acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation for the fellowship PBGEP2_139851 she was granted. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 11 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 261 SI SI BP 209 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.025 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214RV UT WOS:000324154400015 ER PT J AU Parvardeh, A Panahbehagh, B Salehi, M Brown, J Smith, DR AF Parvardeh, A. Panahbehagh, B. Salehi M, M. Brown, J. Smith, D. R. TI ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF THE SAMPLE MEAN IN ADAPTIVE STRATIFIED SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING WITH MULTIPLE SELECTION CRITERIA SO BULLETIN OF THE IRANIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Stratified sampling; adaptive two-stage sequential sampling; asymptotic properties in finite population; consistency; rare population ID ST-CROIX RIVER; POPULATIONS; MINNESOTA; WISCONSIN; NORMALITY; MUSSELS; DESIGNS; RARE AB We extend the method of adaptive two-stage sequential sampling to include designs where there is more than one criteria used in deciding on the allocation of additional sampling effort. These criteria, or conditions, can be a measure of the target population, or a measure of some related population. We develop Murthy estimator for the design that is unbiased estimators for the population mean, and propose another, more efficient, estimator. We investigate asymptotic properties of this estimator. We use a simulation study to investigate design properties of the multi-criteria adaptive stratified sequential sampling scheme and also some estimator properties under the design. C1 [Parvardeh, A.] Univ Isfahan, Dept Stat, Esfahan, Iran. [Panahbehagh, B.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Esfahan, Iran. [Salehi M, M.] Qatar Univ, Dept Math, Doha, Qatar. [Brown, J.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Stat, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Smith, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Dept Stat, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Parvardeh, A (reprint author), Univ Isfahan, Dept Stat, Esfahan, Iran. EM a.parvardeh@sci.ui.ac.ir; bardia_p@math.iut.ac.ir; salehi@qu.edu.qa; jennifer.brown@canterbury.ac.nz; drsmith@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IRANIAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI TEHRAN PA PO BOX 13145-418, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN SN 1735-8515 J9 B IRAN MATH SOC JI Bull. Iran Math. Soc. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 529 EP 557 PG 29 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 218AW UT WOS:000324406000012 ER PT J AU Sterling, EJ McFadden, KW Holmes, KE Vintinner, EC Arengo, F Naro-Maciel, E AF Sterling, Eleanor J. McFadden, Katherine W. Holmes, Katherine E. Vintinner, Erin C. Arengo, Felicity Naro-Maciel, Eugenia TI Ecology and Conservation of Marine Turtles in a Central Pacific Foraging Ground SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Chelonia mydas; Eretmochelys imbricata; Eastern Pacific green turtle; hawksbill turtle; Palmyra Atoll; foraging; conservation threats; body condition; relative abundance ID GREEN SEA-TURTLES; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CORAL-REEFS; MEXICO; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HERPESVIRUS; POPULATION AB Foraging grounds are critical to the survival of marine turtles, yet studies of these areas lag behind those of nesting sites. Our study represents the first data and discussion on marine turtle distribution, abundance, and health at a marine turtle foraging ground in the central Pacific, Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, which constitutes a regionally important mixed-size-class foraging ground for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and, to a lesser extent, for hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). Surveys and anecdotal reports suggest that nesting activity is rare, and we have confirmed the presence of limited suitable nesting habitat. During in-water activities from 2008 to 2011, we caught 211 green turtles ranging from postpelagic juveniles to adults (weight: mean = 44.6 kg, range = 7.2-146.3 kg; curved carapace length (CCL): mean = 69.7 cm, range = 41.0-113.6 cm) and 2 juvenile hawksbills (weight(2009) = 16.3 kg, CCL2009 = 57.0; weight(2011) = 11.2 kg, CCL2011 = 50.5 cm). Body condition indices did not significantly differ by year of capture. These indices, along with the absence of observed fibropapilloma tumors, indicated that turtles at Palmyra Atoll were on average in very good condition. We also conducted 11 relative abundance surveys from 2005 to 2011, a subset of which revealed an uneven distribution of turtles around Palmyra Atoll with 3 hot spots of turtle abundance off the flats to the north, south, and east. By linking several aspects of our research program with similar efforts at foraging grounds throughout the Pacific Basin, we can further our understanding of poorly known regional migratory connectivity. C1 [Sterling, Eleanor J.; McFadden, Katherine W.; Holmes, Katherine E.; Vintinner, Erin C.; Arengo, Felicity] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [McFadden, Katherine W.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Holmes, Katherine E.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10314 USA. RP Sterling, EJ (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM sterling@amnh.org; kwm6@clemson.edu; kholmes@wcs.org; evintinner@amnh.org; farengo@amnh.org; Eugenia.NaroMaciel@csi.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare FX This research was approved by the American Museum of Natural History's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under permits authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NMFS Permit #10027) as well as the USFWS (Special Use Permit #12533-08013, #12533-09018, #12533-10008, #12533-11008). The research was supported by funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund, and the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare. We thank the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium, The Nature Conservancy, and USFWS for facilitating this research. This is Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium publication number PARC-0088. We thank the following people for facilitating and supporting this research: G. Balazs, P. Ersts, A. Farkas, P. Farkas, K. Frey, S. Gaughran, A. Gomez, K. Maison, D. McCauley, M. Rice, and the Telljohann family. NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 55 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 12 IS 1 BP 2 EP 16 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 190HN UT WOS:000322330100003 ER PT J AU Haines, DF Larson, DL Larson, JL AF Haines, Dustin F. Larson, Diane L. Larson, Jennifer L. TI Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Affects Vegetation More Than Seed Banks in Mixed-Grass Prairies of the Northern Great Plains SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE North Dakota; post-invasion dynamics; vegetation cover; Theodore Roosevelt National Park ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION; NATIVE PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BEETLES APHTHONA SPP.; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; HEATHLAND COMMUNITIES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT REGIMES; HAWAIIAN FOREST AB Exotic plants have the ability to modify soil seed banks in habitats they invade, but little is known about the legacy of invasion on seed banks once an exotic plant has successfully been controlled. Natural areas previously invaded by leafy spurge in the northern Great Plains typically have one of two fates following its removal: a return of native plants, or a secondary invasion of other exotic plants. It is unknown, however, if this difference in plant communities following leafy spurge control is due to seed bank differences. To answer this question, we monitored seed banks and standing vegetation for 2 yr in mixed-grass prairies that were previously invaded by leafy spurge but controlled within 5 yr of our study. We found that native plant seed banks were largely intact in areas previously invaded by leafy spurge, regardless of the current living plant community, and leafy spurge invasion history had a larger impact on cover and diversity of the vegetation than on the seed banks. Differences in plant communities following leafy spurge control do not appear to be related to the seed banks, and soil conditions may be more important in determining trajectories of these postinvasion communities. C1 [Haines, Dustin F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haines, DF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM hain0072@umn.edu RI Haines, Dustin/M-9950-2014; OI Haines, Dustin/0000-0003-2087-3899; Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 FU U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; Sigma Xi; Dayton Natural History Fund FX We thank the National Park Service and the staff at TRNP for their assistance and cooperation during this project. Sheri Huerd, Bonnie Sample, Peter Ebertowski, Katy Adams, and Doug Johnston provided valuable field assistance. Chad Sexton and Karl Brown (National Park Service), Jack Nor land (North Dakota State University), Jack Buder (U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service) and Raymond Kokaly (U.S. Geological Survey) provided valuable information on leafy spurge invasion histories and treatments at TRNP. We also thank Nicholas Jordan, Laura Phillips-Mao, Travis Henspeter, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and reviews on earlier drafts, and Deborah Buhl, Margherita Gioria, Amy Symstad, and Susan Galatowitsch for U.S. Geological Survey internal reviews. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research, and the Dayton Natural History Fund. Any use Of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 28 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 416 EP 432 DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00076.1 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 217GG UT WOS:000324346900011 ER PT J AU Brown, JA Salehi, MM Moradi, M Panahbehagh, B Smith, DR AF Brown, Jennifer A. Salehi, Mohammad M. Moradi, Mohammad Panahbehagh, Bardia Smith, David R. TI Adaptive survey designs for sampling rare and clustered populations SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MSSANZ 19th Biennial Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM) CY DEC 12-16, 2011 CL Perth, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, Australian Govt, Bur Meteorol, Per Convent & Exhibit Ctr, Perth Convent Bur, Curtin Univ, Australian Math Soc, Australian & New Zealand Ind & Appl Math, Australian Math Sci Inst, Maralte Publishers, Econ Soc Australian, HEMA Consulting, Simulat Australia, Stat Soc Australia Inc, Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand Inc, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat DE Adaptive cluster sampling; Two-phase sampling; Stratified sampling; Adaptive two-stage sequential sampling; Complete allocation stratified sampling ID MULTIPLE POPULATIONS; ESTIMATING DENSITY; LOCATIONS; EFFICIENCY; PRECISION; FOREST AB Designing an efficient large-area survey is a challenge, especially in environmental science when many populations are rare and clustered. Adaptive and unequal probability sampling designs are appealing when populations are rare and clustered because survey effort can be targeted to subareas of high interest. For example, higher density subareas are usually of more interest than lower density areas. Adaptive and unequal probability sampling offer flexibility for designing a long-term survey because they can accommodate changes in survey objectives, changes in underlying environmental habitat, and changes in species-habitat models. There are many different adaptive sampling designs including adaptive cluster sampling, two-phase stratified sampling, two-stage sequential sampling, and complete allocation stratified sampling. Sample efficiency of these designs can be very high compared with simple random sampling. Large gains in efficiency can be made when survey effort is targeted to the subareas of the study site where there are clusters of individuals from the underlying population. These survey methods work by partitioning the study area in some way, into strata, or primary sample units, or in the case of adaptive cluster sampling, into networks. Survey effort is then adaptively allocated to the strata or primary unit where there is some indication of higher species counts. Having smaller, and more numerous, strata improves efficiency because it allows more effective targeting of the adaptive, second-phase survey effort. (C) 2012 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Jennifer A.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Math & Stat, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Salehi, Mohammad M.; Panahbehagh, Bardia] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Dept Math, Esfahan 8174673441, Iran. [Moradi, Mohammad] Razi Univ, Dept Stat, Bagh Abrisham 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, JA (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Math & Stat, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM jennifer.brown@canterbury.ac.nz NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 93 SI SI BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2012.09.008 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 218TC UT WOS:000324454400012 ER PT J AU Lounsberry, ZT Almeida, JB Grace, T Lanctot, RB Liebezeit, J Sandercock, BK Strum, KM Zack, S Wisely, SM AF Lounsberry, Zachary T. Almeida, Juliana B. Grace, Tony Lanctot, Richard B. Liebezeit, Joe Sandercock, Brett K. Strum, Khara M. Zack, Steve Wisely, Samantha M. TI RANGE-WIDE CONSERVATION GENETICS OF BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPERS (TRYNGITES SUBRUFICOLLIS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Buff-breasted Sandpiper; microsatellites; mtDNA; phylogeography; population bottleneck; shorebird; Tryngites subruficollis; wader ID NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; DUNLINS CALIDRIS-ALPINA; STATISTICAL TESTS; MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; PATTERNS AB Range-wide monitoring of shorebirds (Ayes: Charadriiformes) suggests that many species are declining. For most species, it is unknown whether distinct population units exist, which makes management and conservation difficult. One shorebird of conservation concern, the Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), is a New World migrant that breeds at Arctic latitudes in North America and Russia and winters in southeastern South America. We conducted a molecular survey of samples representing each of three migratory regions (breeding, migration, and wintering) using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and 1.5 kb of highly variable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the cytochrome b gene and mtDNA control region. We analyzed contemporary population structure, demographic trends, and phylogeographic patterns. Overall, microsatellite and mtDNA analyses revealed that Buff-breasted Sandpipers are panmictic both regionally and at a global scale, with no signal of a recent genetic bottleneck. The mtDNA analyses revealed a pattern of haplotype diversity consistent with an expansion from a single refugium (Tajima's D: -2.27, P < 0.01; Fu's F-S: -30.6, P < 0.0001), after the height of the Wisconsinan glaciation (8,400-45,000 years before present). Overall, our molecular analyses suggest that Buff-breasted Sandpipers should be treated as a single conservation unit, and management efforts for this species should focus on limiting future declines to ensure that genetic viability is maintained. Received 30 October 2012, accepted 22 February 2013. C1 [Lounsberry, Zachary T.; Grace, Tony; Sandercock, Brett K.; Strum, Khara M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Almeida, Juliana B.] Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program MS 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Liebezeit, Joe; Zack, Steve] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific West Off, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Wisely, Samantha M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wisely@ufl.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank C. Simmons, C. Ganser, T. Prebyl, and H. Barton for their assistance in the lab. We also thank the field crews and project leaders who helped with the major sampling efforts, especially C. T. Bernardo, S. Brown, B. Kempenaers, S. Kendall, G. S. Leal, A. Leist, M. S. Pereira, A. F. Pinto, F. Poershke, U. B. Rasquin, L. Slater, and H. A. Swensen; the ranch owners who allowed us access to their private land, especially Sr. Dagoberto, Sr. Jorge, Mr. R. Bender, and the "Manduca" Machado family; H. A. Almeida, C. S. Fontana, as well as managers and staff of Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe and Estacao Ecologica do Taim for logistic support; and S. Fellows and S. Jones from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding the molecular ecology analyses. Funding for field work and lab analyses was provided by grants from the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act and the Migratory Bird Management programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Capture, transport, and handling of animals and tissues took place under applicable state and federal permits for wildlife research and followed protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Kansas State University. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2013 VL 130 IS 3 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1525/auk.2013.12206 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 200RB UT WOS:000323085500004 ER PT J AU Leclaire, S Blanchard, P White, J Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Leclaire, Sarah Blanchard, Pierrick White, Joel Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI SYMMETRY OF BLACK WINGTIPS IS RELATED TO CLUTCH SIZE AND INTEGUMENT COLORATION IN BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES (RISSA TRIDACTYLA) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE asymmetry; integument coloration; kittiwakes; reproductive success; wingtips ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; SEXUAL SELECTION; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; STRESS; INDICATOR; QUALITY; FITNESS; PATTERNS; METAANALYSIS; POPULATIONS AB Fluctuating asymmetry has been suggested to be a phenotypic marker of developmental stability and is often seen as an indicator of overall quality. However, its role in sexual selection has been debated. To determine the potential role of black wingtip asymmetry in sexual selection in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we investigated whether symmetry was correlated with reproductive success and integument coloration, a trait probably sexually selected in this species. We found that, in males, asymmetry was associated with low clutch size and brood size but was independent of fledging success, which suggests that wingtip symmetry may reflect fertility in males. Asymmetry of black wingtip was also associated with duller integument, which emphasizes the potential importance of integument color in indicating individual quality. Further studies are needed to determine whether Black-legged Kittiwakes can discriminate between asymmetric and symmetric birds and use it as a cue in mate choice or intrasexual competition. Received 7 March 2013, accepted 5 June 2013. C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; White, Joel; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, ENFA, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; White, Joel; Danchin, Etienne] UMR5174, Lab Evolut & Div Biol EDB, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; White, Joel; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Leclaire, Sarah; Blanchard, Pierrick; White, Joel; Danchin, Etienne] EDB, UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [White, Joel] Univ Ghent, Terr Ecol Unit, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, ENFA, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011 OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850 FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV Programme 1162 SexCoMonArc); "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (LABEX) entitled TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41] FX Supplemental Material for this article is available at dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2013.13044. We thank V. Bourret, M. Berlincourt, H. Mulard, C. Bello Marin, E. Moec, B. Planade, T. Merkling, F. Bailly, N. Vetter, V. Frochot, and C. DeFranceschi for their help in the field. This work was supported by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV Programme 1162 SexCoMonArc) and by the "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (LABEX) entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41). Experiments were carried out in accordance with U.S. laws and with required permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. GIMP software is available at www.gimp.org. The program AVICOL is available upon request from D. Gomez (e-mail: dodogomez@yahoo.fr). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2013 VL 130 IS 3 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1525/auk.2013.13044 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 200RB UT WOS:000323085500015 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Banks, RC Barker, FK Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Lovette, IJ Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF Winker, K AF Chesser, R. Terry Banks, Richard C. Barker, F. Keith Cicero, Carla Dunn, Jon L. Kratter, Andrew W. Lovette, Irby J. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Remsen, J. V., Jr. Rising, James D. Stotz, Douglas F. Winker, Kevin TI FIFTY-FOURTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SPECIES LIMITS; CYTOCHROME-B; AVES; DIVERGENCE; RADIATION; FRINGILLIDAE; EVOLUTION; GENE C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramsay Wright Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chessert@si.edu RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette, Irby/P-3477-2014 OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; NR 69 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2013 VL 130 IS 3 BP 558 EP 571 DI 10.1525/auk.2013.130.3.558 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 200RB UT WOS:000323085500019 ER PT J AU Brothers, LL Van Dover, CL German, CR Kaiser, CL Yoerger, DR Ruppel, CD Lobecker, E Skarke, AD Wagner, JKS AF Brothers, L. L. Van Dover, C. L. German, C. R. Kaiser, C. L. Yoerger, D. R. Ruppel, C. D. Lobecker, E. Skarke, A. D. Wagner, J. K. S. TI Evidence for extensive methane venting on the southeastern U.S. Atlantic margin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; GAS; DIAPIR; OCEAN AB We present the first evidence for widespread seabed methane venting along the southeastern United States Atlantic margin beyond the well-known Blake Ridge diapir seep. Recent ship- and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-collected data resolve multiple water-column anomalies (>1000 m height) and extensive new chemosynthetic seep communities at the Blake Ridge and Cape Fear diapirs. These results indicate that multiple, highly localized fluid conduits punctuate the areally extensive Blake Ridge gas hydrate province, and enable the delivery of significant amounts of methane to the water column. Thus, there appears to be an abundance of seabed fluid flux not previously ascribed to the Atlantic margin of the United States. C1 [Brothers, L. L.; Ruppel, C. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Van Dover, C. L.; Wagner, J. K. S.] Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [German, C. R.; Kaiser, C. L.; Yoerger, D. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lobecker, E.; Skarke, A. D.] Off Ocean Explorat & Res, NOAA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Brothers, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lbrothers@usgs.gov OI Skarke, Adam/0000-0002-3843-5152; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1031050]; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER); U.S. Department of Energy NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship [DE-FC26-05NT42248] FX Expedition EX1205L1 was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE 1031050 (Van Dover) and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER). A U.S. Department of Energy NETL/NRC Methane Hydrate Fellowship (DE-FC26-05NT42248) supported Brothers. We thank the Sentry engineering and NOAA OER expedition teams and the crew of the Okeanos Explorer; W. Dillon, D. Foster, and C. Paull for helpful discussions; and W. Baldwin, M. Hornbach, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions on the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement of commercial products. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 41 IS 7 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1130/G34217.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203EB UT WOS:000323272400022 ER PT J AU Pastick, NJ Jorgenson, MT Wylie, BK Minsley, BJ Ji, L Walvoord, MA Smith, BD Abraham, JD Rose, JR AF Pastick, Neal J. Jorgenson, M. Torre Wylie, Bruce K. Minsley, Burke J. Ji, Lei Walvoord, Michelle A. Smith, Bruce D. Abraham, Jared D. Rose, Joshua R. TI Extending Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys for Regional Active Layer and Permafrost Mapping with Remote Sensing and Ancillary Data, Yukon Flats Ecoregion, Central Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE active-layer thickness; airborne electromagnetic; Alaska; cryosphere; permafrost; remote sensing ID DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; INTERIOR ALASKA; REGRESSION; SATELLITE; CANADA; CLASSIFICATION; DEGRADATION; VEGETATION; CLIMATE AB Machine-learning regression tree models were used to extrapolate airborne electromagnetic resistivity data collected along flight lines in the Yukon Flats Ecoregion, central Alaska, for regional mapping of permafrost. This method of extrapolation (r=0.86) used subsurface resistivity, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) at-sensor reflectance, thermal, TM-derived spectral indices, digital elevation models and other relevant spatial data to estimate near-surface (0-2.6-m depth) resistivity at 30-m resolution. A piecewise regression model (r=0.82) and a presence/absence decision tree classification (accuracy of 87%) were used to estimate active-layer thickness (ALT) (< 101cm) and the probability of near-surface (up to 123-cm depth) permafrost occurrence from field data, modelled near-surface (0-2.6m) resistivity, and other relevant remote sensing and map data. At site scale, the predicted ALTs were similar to those previously observed for different vegetation types. At the landscape scale, the predicted ALTs tended to be thinner on higher-elevation loess deposits than on low-lying alluvial and sand sheet deposits of the Yukon Flats. The ALT and permafrost maps provide a baseline for future permafrost monitoring, serve as inputs for modelling hydrological and carbon cycles at local to regional scales, and offer insight into the ALT response to fire and thaw processes. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pastick, Neal J.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Pastick, Neal J.; Ji, Lei] USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.] USGS, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Minsley, Burke J.; Smith, Bruce D.; Abraham, Jared D.] USGS, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Ji, Lei] Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] USGS, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO USA. [Rose, Joshua R.] Yukon Flats Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Pastick, NJ (reprint author), Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM njpastick@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 FU USGS Climate Land Use Research and Development Program; USGS Climate Effects Network Yukon River Basin programme [G10PC00044, G08PC91508] FX This study was funded by the USGS Climate Land Use Research and Development Program, with initial funding from the USGS Climate Effects Network Yukon River Basin programme (NJP: G10PC00044; LJ: G08PC91508). We thank all of those who have contributed to this project: Norman Bliss (Arctic Slope Regional Corporation Research and Technology Solutions, ASRC), Mark Waldrop (USGS), Kurtis Nelson (USGS), Jack McFarland (USGS), Birgit Peterson (ASRC), Dana Nossov (University of Alaska Fairbanks, UAF), Mark Winterstein (UAF), Darren Van Sistine (USGS) and Jim Webster (bush pilot). We also thank Alessio Gusmeroli, Julian Murton and two anonymous referees for their thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 24 IS 3 BP 184 EP 199 DI 10.1002/ppp.1775 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 210OO UT WOS:000323843700004 ER PT J AU Ferrier, KL Perron, JT Mukhopadhyay, S Rosener, M Stock, JD Huppert, KL Slosberg, M AF Ferrier, Ken L. Perron, J. Taylor Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Rosener, Matt Stock, Jonathan D. Huppert, Kimberly L. Slosberg, Michelle TI Covariation of climate and long-term erosion rates across a steep rainfall gradient on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; WASHINGTON CASCADES; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; VOLCANIC ISLANDS; DENUDATION RATES; CORAL-REEFS; PUERTO-RICO; SEDIMENT; RIVER AB Erosion of volcanic ocean islands creates dramatic landscapes, modulates Earth's carbon cycle, and delivers sediment to coasts and reefs. Because many volcanic islands have large climate gradients and minimal variations in lithology and tectonic history, they are excellent natural laboratories for studying climatic effects on the evolution of topography. Despite concerns that modern sediment fluxes to island coasts may exceed long-term fluxes, little is known about how erosion rates and processes vary across island interiors, how erosion rates are influenced by the strong climate gradients on many islands, and how modern island erosion rates compare to long-term rates. Here, we present new measurements of erosion rates over 5 yr to 5 m.y. timescales on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i, across which mean annual precipitation ranges from 0.5 to 9.5 m/yr. Eroded rock volumes from basins across Kaua'i indicate that million-year-scale erosion rates are correlated with modern mean annual precipitation and range from 8 to 335 t km(-2) yr(-1). In Kaua'i's Hanalei River basin, He-3 concentrations in detrital olivines imply millennial-scale erosion rates of >126 to >390 t km(-2) yr(-1) from olivine-bearing hillslopes, while fluvial suspended sediment fluxes measured from 2004 to 2009 plus estimates of chemical and bed-load fluxes imply basin-averaged erosion rates of 545 +/- 128 t km(-2) yr(-1). Mapping of landslide scars in satellite imagery of the Hanalei basin from 2004 and 2010 implies landslide-driven erosion rates of 30-47 t km(-2) yr(-1). These measurements imply that modern erosion rates in the Hanalei basin are no more than 2.3 +/- 0.6 times faster than millennial-scale erosion rates, and, to the extent that modern precipitation patterns resemble long-term patterns, they are consistent with a link between precipitation rates and long-term erosion rates. C1 [Ferrier, Ken L.; Perron, J. Taylor; Huppert, Kimberly L.; Slosberg, Michelle] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rosener, Matt] US Geol Survey, Kauai, HI 96714 USA. [Stock, Jonathan D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ferrier, KL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ferrier@fas.harvard.edu FU Earth and Planetary Science Department at Harvard University FX We thank Herdis Schopka, Associate Editor Anne Jefferson, Editor Hope Jahren, and one anonymous reviewer for their suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript. We thank Stephane Escrig and Zhongxing Chen for the Li, Sm, U, and Th measurements on the olivine aliquots and Ken Farley for replicating the helium analyses on powdered olivine samples. We thank Mike Lamb, Ben Mackey, Joel Scheingross, and Chuck Blay for enlightening discussions and assistance with field sampling. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for access through the Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, and the Alapai and Napolis ohana for allowing access to the Hanalei River Trail. Mukhopadhyay's field work was supported by the Earth and Planetary Science Department at Harvard University. NR 111 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 125 IS 7-8 BP 1146 EP 1163 DI 10.1130/B30726.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 203DP UT WOS:000323270800006 ER PT J AU Amos, CB Brownlee, SJ Rood, DH Fisher, GB Burgmann, R Renne, PR Jayko, AS AF Amos, Colin B. Brownlee, Sarah J. Rood, Dylan H. Fisher, G. Burch Buergmann, Roland Renne, Paul R. Jayko, Angela S. TI Chronology of tectonic, geomorphic, and volcanic interactions and the tempo of fault slip near Little Lake, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT STRAIN ACCUMULATION; CENTRAL GARLOCK FAULT; SIERRA-NEVADA BLOCK; ALTYN TAGH FAULT; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; MOJAVE-DESERT; OWENS-VALLEY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COSO-RANGE AB New geochronologic and geomorphic constraints on the Little Lake fault in the Eastern California shear zone reveal steady, modest rates of dextral slip during and since the mid-to-late Pleistocene. We focus on a suite of offset fluvial landforms in the Pleistocene Owens River channel that formed in response to periodic interaction with nearby basalt flows, thereby recording displacement over multiple time intervals. Overlap between Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the youngest intracanyon basalt flow and Be-10 surface exposure dating of downstream terrace surfaces suggests widespread channel incision during a prominent outburst flood through the Little Lake channel at ca. 64 ka. Older basalt flows flanking the upper and lower canyon margins indicate localization of the Owens River in its current position between 212 +/- 14 and 197 +/- 11 ka. Coupled with terrestrial light detection and ranging (lidar) and digital topographic measurements of dextral offset, the revised Little Lake chronology indicates average dextral slip rates of at least similar to 0.6-0.7 mm/yr and <1.3 mm/yr over intervals ranging from similar to 10(4) to 10(5) yr. Despite previous geodetic observations of relatively rapid interseismic strain along the Little Lake fault, we find no evidence for sustained temporal fluctuations in slip rates over multiple earthquake cycles. Instead, our results indicate that accelerated fault loading may be transient over much shorter periods (similar to 10(1) yr) and perhaps indicative of time-dependent seismic hazard associated with Eastern California shear zone faults. C1 [Amos, Colin B.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Brownlee, Sarah J.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] SUERC, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Rood, Dylan H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fisher, G. Burch] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Renne, Paul R.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Jayko, Angela S.] US Geol Survey, UC White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. RP Amos, CB (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM Colin.Amos@wwu.edu RI Amos, Colin/B-2397-2008; OI Amos, Colin/0000-0002-3862-9344; Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0847990] FX We thank Bruce Ivey and Dan Tolbert at Little Lake Ranch, and Paul Hancock and Anita McProud of Lone Pine, California. We are also grateful for comments and suggestions in the field from the 2011 Pacific Cell of the Friends of the Pleistocene. Helpful reviews by Ken Adams, Mike Oskin, Katherine Kendrick, and the associate editor, Eric Kirby, significantly improved this paper. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Award EAR-0847990 to Amos. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 125 IS 7-8 BP 1187 EP 1202 DI 10.1130/B30803.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 203DP UT WOS:000323270800008 ER PT J AU Love, MS Saiki, MK May, TW Yee, JL AF Love, Milton S. Saiki, Michael K. May, Thomas W. Yee, Julie L. TI WHOLE-BODY CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN THREE FISH SPECIES FROM OFFSHORE OIL PLATFORMS AND NATURAL AREAS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; BOCACCIO SEBASTES-PAUCISPINIS; MERCURY ACCUMULATION; WATER; METHYLMERCURY; SPECIATION; OUTFALL; TISSUE; RIVER AB There is concern that offshore oil platforms off Southern California may be contributing to environmental contaminants accumulated by marine fishes. To examine this possibility, 18 kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus Girard, 1854), 80 kelp rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens Jordan and Gilbert, 1880), and 98 Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus Girard, 1854) were collected from five offshore oil platforms and 10 natural areas during 2005-2006 for whole-body analysis of 63 elements. Forty-two elements were excluded from statistical comparisons as they (1) consisted of major cations that were unlikely to accumulate to potentially toxic concentrations; (2) were not detected by the analytical procedures; or (3) were detected at concentrations too low to yield reliable quantitative measurements. The remaining 21 elements consisted of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nickel, rubidium, selenium, strontium, tin, titanium, vanadium, and zinc. Statistical comparisons of these elements indicated that none consistently exhibited higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. However, the concentrations of copper, selenium, titanium, and vanadium in Pacific sanddab were unusual because small individuals exhibited either no differences between oil platforms and natural areas or significantly lower concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas, whereas large individuals exhibited significantly higher concentrations at oil platforms than at natural areas. C1 [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Saiki, Michael K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Love, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM love@lifesci.ucsb.edu FU Minerals Management Service [0106RU39898] FX We thank M McCrea and M Nishimoto for collecting fish samples from field sites and shipping the frozen samples to CERC, C Emerson for assisting with the creation of data files and gathering literature and other technical references, B Martin for assisting with the generation of maps and other figures and tables, and B Martin and an anonymous reviewer for critiquing an early draft of this report. We especially thank the Minerals Management Service for funding this work through Interagency Agreement No. 0106RU39898. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 44 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 717 EP 734 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1078 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 200RI UT WOS:000323086200005 ER PT J AU Muzzall, PM Madenjian, CP AF Muzzall, Patrick M. Madenjian, Charles P. TI Parasites of Bloater Coregonus hoyi (Salmonidae) from Lake Michigan, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coregonus hoyi; bloater; Cestoda; Nematoda; Acanthocephala; Copepoda; Lake Michigan ID SWIM-BLADDER NEMATODES; EUBOTHRIUM-SALVELINI; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; BABINE-LAKE; FISHES; TROUT; HOSTS; DIET AB In total, 158 bloaters Coregonus hoyi collected in September and October 2011 from 4 Lake Michigan, U.S.A., ports were examined for parasites. The ports included Waukegan (WK), Illinois; Port Washington (PW) and Sturgeon Bay (SB), Wisconsin; and Saugatuck (SG), Michigan. Parasites found in bloaters by port were cestodes Cyathocephalus truncatus (WK, PW, and SB) and Eubothrium salvelini (WK, PW, SB, and SG); the nematode Cystidicola farionis (WK, PW, SB, and SG); acanthocephalans Acanthocephalus dirus (WK and PW), Echinorhynchus salmonis (WK, PW, and SB), and Neoechinorhynchus tumidus (SB); and the copepod Salmincola corpulentus (WK and PW). Gravid individuals of all parasite species were found except for E. salvelini and A. dirus. Cystidicola farionis had the highest prevalence at each port, and the highest mean intensity and mean abundance at PW. The numbers of C. farionis at PW were significantly higher than those at WK and SB. Echinorhynchus salvelini had the highest mean intensities and mean abundances at WK, SB, and SG. The values for parasite species richness in bloaters were similar among ports. The total numbers of parasites were similar between WK and PW, but they were higher at these ports than at SB. The parasite faunas of bloaters were characterized by autogenic helminth species. C1 [Muzzall, Patrick M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Muzzall, PM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM muzzall@msu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 80 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 197MK UT WOS:000322855100002 ER PT J AU McAllister, CT Duszynski, DW Fisher, RN AF McAllister, Chris T. Duszynski, Donald W. Fisher, Robert N. TI New Host and Distributional Records for Cryptosporidium sp (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Lizards (Sauna: Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, South Pacific SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexa; Cryptosporidiidae; Cryptosporidium sp.; Gekkonidae; Scincidae; South Pacific; Cook Islands; Vanuatu; lizards; Gehyra oceanica; Emoia caeruleocauda ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CAPTIVE REPTILES; COCCIDIA; SNAKES; PARASITES AB Between 1991 and 1993, 295 lizards, comprising 21 species in 2 families (Gekkonidae, Scincidae) from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Palau, Takapoto, and Vanuatu in the South Pacific, were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Only 6 lizards (2%) were found to be passing Cryptosporidium oocysts in their feces, including 2 of 30 (7%) Oceania geckos, Gehyra oceanica, from Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and 4 of 26 (15%) Pacific blue-tailed skinks, Emoia caeruleocauda, from Efate Island, Vanuatu. This represents the largest survey for Cryptosporidium in Pacific island lizards, and we document 2 new host and 2 new locality records for this parasite genus. C1 [McAllister, Chris T.] Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. [Duszynski, Donald W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP McAllister, CT (reprint author), Eastern Oklahoma State Coll, Div Sci & Math, Idabel, OK 74745 USA. EM cmcallister@se.edu; eimeria@unm.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov FU Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program funding FX We thank the late Steve J. Upton for technical assistance, and Scott L. Gardner (Manter Parasite Collection, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.) for parasito-logical training of R.N.F. The Ministry of Natural Resources, Vanuatu, and the National Research Council, Prime Ministers Department, Cook Islands, supplied export permits for the lizard and parasite collections. The field work of R.N.F. in Vanuatu and Fiji was supported in part by the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program funding to George R. Zug (NMNH). Further appreciation is extended to Patricia A. Pilitt (USNPC) for expert curatorial assistance. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 EI 1938-2952 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 80 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 197MK UT WOS:000322855100020 ER PT J AU Reeves, AB Pearce, JM Ramey, AM Ely, CR Schmutz, JA Flint, PL Derksen, DV Ip, HS Trust, KA AF Reeves, Andrew B. Pearce, John M. Ramey, Andrew M. Ely, Craig R. Schmutz, Joel A. Flint, Paul L. Derksen, Dirk V. Ip, Hon S. Trust, Kimberly A. TI GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES FROM WATERFOWL IN WESTERN ALASKA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; avian influenza virus; genome; migratory birds; surveillance; waterfowl ID WILD MIGRATORY BIRDS; A VIRUSES; ANAS-ACUTA; RT-PCR; PREVALENCE; DUCKS; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta) in western Alaska is an immense and important breeding ground for waterfowl. Migratory birds from the Pacific Americas, Central Pacific, and East Asian-Australasian flyways converge in this region, providing opportunities for intermixing of North American- and Eurasian-origin hosts and infectious agents, such as avian influenza virus (API). We characterized the genomes of 90 low pathogenic (LP) AIV isolates from 11 species of waterfowl sampled on the Y-K Delta between 2006 and 2009 as part of an interagency surveillance program for the detection of the H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) strain of API. We found evidence for subtype and genetic differences between viruses from swans and geese, dabbling ducks, and sea ducks. At least one gene segment in 39% of all isolates was Eurasian in origin. Target species (those ranked as having a relatively high potential to introduce HP H5N1 API to North America) were no more likely than nontarget species to carry viruses with genes of Eurasian origin. These findings provide evidence that the frequency at which viral gene segments of Eurasian origin are detected does not result from a strong species effect, but rather we suspect it is linked to the geographic location of the Y-K Delta in western Alaska where flyways from different continents overlap. This study provides support for retaining the Y-K Delta as a high priority region for the surveillance of Asian avian pathogens such as HP H5N1 AIV. C1 [Reeves, Andrew B.; Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.; Ely, Craig R.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Flint, Paul L.; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Reeves, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM areeves@usgs.gov OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU US Geological Survey [USGS]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] FX We are grateful to L. Allen, P. Bright, T. DeGange, S. Gross, S. Haseltine, R. Kearney (US Geological Survey [USGS]) and D. Rocque (US Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]) for financial and administrative support. M. Wege, T. Moran, C. Harwood, K. Sowl (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), and numerous other wildlife biologists assisted with virus sampling, and their efforts are appreciated. We acknowledge numerous personnel at the Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation and Kawerak Tribal Corporation for their contributions. We thank past and current members of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center, including T. Egstad, K. Griffin, M. Houfe, and R. Long. Y. Gillies, J. Wiley (USGS Alaska Science Center), M. St. Peters (USFWS Alaska Region), D. Goldberg, and R. Zane (USGS National Wildlife Health Center) coordinated distribution of sampling materials, receipt of samples, and data verification. J. Hupp (USGS Alaska Science Center) provided advice on statistical analyses. M. Whalen (USGS Alaska Science Center) assisted with the development of figures. None of the authors has any financial interest or conflict of interest with this article. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.7589/2012-04-108 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 183FA UT WOS:000321798500015 PM 23778609 ER PT J AU Guthrie, AL White, CL Brown, MB deMaar, TW AF Guthrie, Amanda L. White, C. LeAnn Brown, Mary B. deMaar, Thomas W. TI Detection of Mycoplasma agassizii in the Texas Tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibodies; chelonian; clinical signs; exposure; reptile; shedding; upper respiratory tract disease ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; DESERT TORTOISES; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; NEVADA AB Mycoplasma agassizii causes upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in Texas tortoises (Gopherus bedandieri). To determine exposure to and shedding of M. agassizii, we collected blood samples and nasal swabs from 40 free-ranging Texas tortoises on public and private lands in Texas, USA, from May to October 2009. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect M. agassizii-specific antibodies. Eleven (28%) tortoises were antibody positive, three (8%) were suspect, and the remaining 26 (65%) were negative. Nasal lavage samples were collected from 35 of the 40 tortoises for M. agassizii culture and PCR to detect shedding of M. agassizii. Current infection with M. agassizii was confirmed in one tortoise that had mild clinical signs of URTD and, was positive by ELISA (antibody titer >512), PCR, and culture. The clinical isolate was confirmed as M. agassizii by restriction fragment length polymorphism and immunobinding. C1 [Guthrie, Amanda L.] Virginia Zoo, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [White, C. LeAnn] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Brown, Mary B.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [deMaar, Thomas W.] Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Guthrie, AL (reprint author), Virginia Zoo, 3500 Granby St, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM aguthrie0665@gmail.com FU David J. Morafka Memorial Research Award; Desert Tortoise Council FX This project was made possible through the David J. Morafka Memorial Research Award generously provided by the Desert Tortoise Council. Thanks to the Gladys Porter Zoo for their tremendous support throughout this project. Special thanks to USFWS Field Biologist Mitch Sternberg and TPWD Field Biologist Sam Patten for recommendations about tortoise locations. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 704 EP 708 DI 10.7589/2012-07-181 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 183FA UT WOS:000321798500032 PM 23778626 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI Survival of the Less-fit: A Least Shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae, Cryptotis parvus) Survives a Separated Leg Fracture in the Wild SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MICE AB X-rays Of the deformed femur of a least shrew (Cryptotis parvus) revealed an ossified callus enclosing a greatly displaced, spiral fracture. Based on models of fracture healing, this shrew lived for at least 28 days postfracture. Survival of major fractures in the wild may not be uncommon. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 735 EP 737 DI 10.7589/2012-08-218 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 183FA UT WOS:000321798500039 PM 23778633 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Rustad, LE Porter, JH Taylor, JR Dereszynski, EW Shanley, JB Gries, C Henshaw, DL Martin, ME Sheldon, WM Boose, ER AF Campbell, John L. Rustad, Lindsey E. Porter, John H. Taylor, Jeffrey R. Dereszynski, Ethan W. Shanley, James B. Gries, Corinna Henshaw, Donald L. Martin, Mary E. Sheldon, Wade M. Boose, Emery R. TI Quantity is Nothing without Quality: Automated QA/QC for Streaming Environmental Sensor Data SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computers in biology; informatics; instrumentation; environmental science ID ASSURANCE PROCEDURES; OKLAHOMA MESONET; NETWORKS; UNCERTAINTY; ECOLOGY; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; FLUX AB Sensor networks are revolutionizing environmental monitoring by producing massive quantities of data that are being made publically available in near real time. These data streams pose a challenge for ecologists because traditional approaches to quality assurance and quality control are no longer practical when confronted with the size of these data sets and the demands of real-time processing. Automated methods for rapidly identifying and (ideally) correcting problematic data are essential. However, advances in sensor hardware have outpaced those in software, creating a need for tools to implement automated quality assurance and quality control procedures, produce graphical and statistical summaries for review, and track the provenance of the data. Use of automated tools would enhance data integrity and reliability and would reduce delays in releasing data products. Development of community-wide standards for quality assurance and quality control would instill confidence in sensor data and would improve interoperability across environmental sensor networks. C1 [Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH USA. [Porter, John H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Taylor, Jeffrey R.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA. [Dereszynski, Ethan W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, New England Water Sci Ctr, Montpelier, VT USA. [Gries, Corinna] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA. [Henshaw, Donald L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martin, Mary E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sheldon, Wade M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Boose, Emery R.] Harvard Univ Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH USA. EM jlcampbell@fs.fed.us OI Gries, Corinna/0000-0002-9091-6543; Campbell, John/0000-0003-4956-1696 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0832652]; NSF [DEB-0620443, DEB-1237733, DEB-0822700, DEB-0823380, DEB-1114804, OCE-0620959] FX The authors would like to thank David Hollinger and Nicholas Grant for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and the National Science Foundation (NSF) through a cooperative agreement to the US Long Term Ecological Research Network Office (grant no. DEB-0832652) and NSF grants no. DEB-0620443, no. DEB-1237733, no. DEB-0822700, no. DEB-0823380, no. DEB-1114804, and no. OCE-0620959. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2013 VL 63 IS 7 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.7.10 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 194EI UT WOS:000322613400010 ER PT J AU Schuur, EAG Abbott, BW Bowden, WB Brovkin, V Camill, P Canadell, JG Chanton, JP Chapin, FS Christensen, TR Ciais, P Crosby, BT Czimczik, CI Grosse, G Harden, J Hayes, DJ Hugelius, G Jastrow, JD Jones, JB Kleinen, T Koven, CD Krinner, G Kuhry, P Lawrence, DM McGuire, AD Natali, SM O'Donnell, JA Ping, CL Riley, WJ Rinke, A Romanovsky, VE Sannel, ABK Schadel, C Schaefer, K Sky, J Subin, ZM Tarnocai, C Turetsky, MR Waldrop, MP Anthony, KMW Wickland, KP Wilson, CJ Zimov, SA AF Schuur, E. A. G. Abbott, B. W. Bowden, W. B. Brovkin, V. Camill, P. Canadell, J. G. Chanton, J. P. Chapin, F. S., III Christensen, T. R. Ciais, P. Crosby, B. T. Czimczik, C. I. Grosse, G. Harden, J. Hayes, D. J. Hugelius, G. Jastrow, J. D. Jones, J. B. Kleinen, T. Koven, C. D. Krinner, G. Kuhry, P. Lawrence, D. M. McGuire, A. D. Natali, S. M. O'Donnell, J. A. Ping, C. L. Riley, W. J. Rinke, A. Romanovsky, V. E. Sannel, A. B. K. Schaedel, C. Schaefer, K. Sky, J. Subin, Z. M. Tarnocai, C. Turetsky, M. R. Waldrop, M. P. Anthony, K. M. Walter Wickland, K. P. Wilson, C. J. Zimov, S. A. TI Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; ECOSYSTEMS; RELEASE; TUNDRA; SOILS; DEGRADATION; THERMOKARST; FEEDBACKS; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES AB Approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C) are stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone, more than twice as much C than in the atmosphere. The overall amount, rate, and form of C released to the atmosphere in a warmer world will influence the strength of the permafrost C feedback to climate change. We used a survey to quantify variability in the perception of the vulnerability of permafrost C to climate change. Experts were asked to provide quantitative estimates of permafrost change in response to four scenarios of warming. For the highest warming scenario (RCP 8.5), experts hypothesized that C release from permafrost zone soils could be 19-45 Pg C by 2040, 162-288 Pg C by 2100, and 381-616 Pg C by 2300 in CO2 equivalent using 100-year CH4 global warming potential (GWP). These values become 50 % larger using 20-year CH4 GWP, with a third to a half of expected climate forcing coming from CH4 even though CH4 was only 2.3 % of the expected C release. Experts projected that two-thirds of this release could be avoided under the lowest warming scenario (RCP 2.6). These results highlight the potential risk from permafrost thaw and serve to frame a hypothesis about the magnitude of this feedback to climate change. However, the level of emissions proposed here are unlikely to overshadow the impact of fossil fuel burning, which will continue to be the main source of C emissions and climate forcing. C1 [Schuur, E. A. G.; Natali, S. M.; Schaedel, C.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Abbott, B. W.; Chapin, F. S., III; Grosse, G.; Jones, J. B.; Ping, C. L.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Anthony, K. M. Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bowden, W. B.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA. [Brovkin, V.; Kleinen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Canadell, J. G.] Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Re, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Chanton, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Christensen, T. R.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Crosby, B. T.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Czimczik, C. I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Harden, J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hayes, D. J.; Waldrop, M. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Sannel, A. B. K.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jastrow, J. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Koven, C. D.; Riley, W. J.; Subin, Z. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krinner, G.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Lawrence, D. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Rinke, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sky, J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Tarnocai, C.] AgriFoods, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Wickland, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Wilson, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zimov, S. A.] North East Sci Stn, Cherskii, Siberia, Russia. RP Schuur, EAG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM tschuur@ufl.edu RI Krinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Rinke, Annette/B-4922-2014; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Brovkin, Victor/I-7450-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Subin, Zachary/K-5168-2012; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014 OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Schadel, Christina/0000-0003-2145-6210; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Abbott, Benjamin/0000-0001-5861-3481; Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Rinke, Annette/0000-0002-6685-9219; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Subin, Zachary/0000-0002-9257-9288; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065 FU National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network [955713] FX Figure 2 was prepared by Reginald Muskett in the Permafrost Laboratory in the Geophysical Institute, UAF. Funding that supported the development of this paper was provided by National Science Foundation Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network Grant #955713. NR 46 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 19 U2 259 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2013 VL 119 IS 2 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185GM UT WOS:000321955100012 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Burney, DA Allison, A Fisher, R AF Wood, Kenneth R. Burney, David A. Allison, Allen Fisher, Robert TI Emoia impar (Squamata, Scincidae): not extinct in the Hawaiian Islands SO ORYX LA English DT Letter C1 [Wood, Kenneth R.; Burney, David A.] Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI USA. [Allison, Allen] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI USA. EM kwood@ntbg.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 328 EP 328 DI 10.1017/S0030605313000616 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187MN UT WOS:000322123300009 ER PT J AU Rigge, M Smart, A Wylie, B AF Rigge, Matthew Smart, Alexander Wylie, Bruce TI Optimal Placement of Off-Stream Water Sources for Ephemeral Stream Recovery SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ephemeral streams; livestock grazing; NDVI; off-stream water; piosphere; riparian zones ID CATTLE GRAZING BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; RANGELANDS; LIVESTOCK; PATTERNS; POINTS; VEGETATION; IMPACT; SCALE AB Uneven and/or inefficient livestock distribution is often a product of an inadequate number and distribution of watering points. Placement of off-stream water practices (OSWP) in pastures is a key consideration in rangeland management plans and is critical to achieving riparian recovery by improving grazing evenness, while improving livestock performance. Effective OSWP placement also minimizes the impacts of livestock use radiating from OSWP, known as the "piosphere." The objective of this study was to provide land managers with recommendations for the optimum placement of OSWP. Specifically, we aimed to provide minimum offset distances of OSWP to streams and assess the effective range of OSWP using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, an indicator of live standing crop. NDVI values were determined from a time-series of Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 20-m images of western South Dakota mixed-grass prairie. The NDVI values in ephemeral stream channels (in-channel) and uplands were extracted from pre- and post-OSWP images taken in 1989 and 2010, respectively. NDVI values were normalized to a reference imagine and subsequently by ecological site to produce nNDVI. Our results demonstrate a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the nNDVI values of in-channel vegetation within 1 250 m of OSWP following their implementation. The area of piospheres (n=9) increased with pasture size (R-2=0.49, P=0.05) and increased with average distance to OSWP in a pasture (R-2=0.43, P=0.07). Piospheric reduction in nNDVI was observed within 200 m of OSWP, occasionally overlapping in-channel areas. The findings of this study suggest placement of OSWP 200 to 1 250 m from streams to achieve optimal results. These results can be used to increase grazing efficiency by effectively placing OSWP and insure that piospheres do not overlap ecologically important in-channel areas. C1 [Rigge, Matthew] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Arct Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Smart, Alexander] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rigge, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM mrigge@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rigge, Matthew/0000-0003-4471-8009 FU USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); USGS Climate and Land Use Program Research and Development Program; EPA 319 nonpoint source pollution program FX This work was supported by the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), EPA 319 nonpoint source pollution program, and the USGS Climate and Land Use Program Research and Development Program. The authors thank the staff at the Buffalo Gap National Grassland, Wall, SD, for assistance with field work and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 66 IS 4 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00099.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191KW UT WOS:000322412900011 ER PT J AU Gaswirth, SB Higley, DK AF Gaswirth, Stephanie B. Higley, Debra K. TI Petroleum system analysis of the Hunton Group in West Edmond field, Oklahoma SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; ANADARKO BASIN; GENERATION; KINETICS; ROCKS; OIL AB West Edmond field, located in central Oklahoma, is one of the largest oil accumulations in the Silurian-Devonian Hunton Group in this part of the Anadarko Basin. Production from all stratigraphic units in the field exceeds 170 million barrels of oil (MMBO) and 400 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG), of which approximately 60 MMBO and 100 BCFG have been produced from the Hunton Group. Oil and gas are stratigraphically trapped to the east against the Nemaha uplift, to the north by a regional wedge-out of Hunton strata, and by intraformational diagenetic traps. Hunton Group reservoirs are the Bois d'Arc and Frisco Limestones, with lesser production from the Chimneyhill subgroup, Haragan Shale, and Henryhouse Formation. Hunton Group cores from three wells that were examined petrographically indicate that complex diagenetic relations influence permeability and reservoir quality. Greatest porosity and permeability are associated with secondary dissolution in packstones and grainstones, forming hydrocarbon reservoirs. The overlying Devonian-Mississippian Woodford Shale is the major petroleum source rock for the Hunton Group in the field, based on one-dimensional and four-dimensional petroleum system models that were calibrated to well temperature and Woodford Shale vitrinite reflectance data. The source rock is marginally mature to mature for oil generation in the area of the West Edmond field, and migration of Woodford oil and gas from deeper parts of the basin also contributed to hydrocarbon accumulation. C1 [Gaswirth, Stephanie B.; Higley, Debra K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Gaswirth, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM sgaswirth@usgs.gov; higley@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 97 IS 7 BP 1163 EP 1179 DI 10.1306/12031212075 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 187EZ UT WOS:000322101000006 ER PT J AU Shaver, DJ Hart, KM Fujisaki, I Rubio, C Sartain, AR Pena, J Burchfield, PM Gamez, DG Ortiz, J AF Shaver, Donna J. Hart, Kristen M. Fujisaki, Ikuko Rubio, Cynthia Sartain, Autumn R. Pena, Jaime Burchfield, Patrick M. Gamez, Daniel Gomez Ortiz, Jaime TI Foraging area fidelity for Kemp's ridleys in the Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Kernel density estimation; Lepidochelys kempii; satellite tracking; site fidelity; state-space modeling ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; TURTLES LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; SEA-TURTLES; HOME-RANGE; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; NORTHWESTERN GULF; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SITE SELECTION; TEXAS COAST AB For many marine species, locations of key foraging areas are not well defined. We used satellite telemetry and switching state-space modeling (SSM) to identify distinct foraging areas used by Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) tagged after nesting during 1998-2011 at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, USA (PAIS; N = 22), and Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico (RN; N = 9). Overall, turtles traveled a mean distance of 793.1 km (+/- 347.8 SD) to foraging sites, where 24 of 31 turtles showed foraging area fidelity (FAF) over time (N = 22 in USA, N = 2 in Mexico). Multiple turtles foraged along their migratory route, prior to arrival at their final foraging sites. We identified new foraging "hotspots" where adult female Kemp's ridley turtles spent 44% of their time during tracking (i.e., 2641/6009 tracking days in foraging mode). Nearshore Gulf of Mexico waters served as foraging habitat for all turtles tracked in this study; final foraging sites were located in water <68 m deep and a mean distance of 33.2 km (+/- 25.3 SD) from the nearest mainland coast. Distance to release site, distance to mainland shore, annual mean sea surface temperature, bathymetry, and net primary production were significant predictors of sites where turtles spent large numbers of days in foraging mode. Spatial similarity of particular foraging sites selected by different turtles over the 13-year tracking period indicates that these areas represent critical foraging habitat, particularly in waters off Louisiana. Furthermore, the wide distribution of foraging sites indicates that a foraging corridor exists for Kemp's ridleys in the Gulf. Our results highlight the need for further study of environmental and bathymetric components of foraging sites and prey resources contained therein, as well as international cooperation to protect essential at-sea foraging habitats for this imperiled species. C1 [Shaver, Donna J.; Rubio, Cynthia] Natl Pk Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Sartain, Autumn R.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Cherokee Nation Technol Solut, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Pena, Jaime; Burchfield, Patrick M.; Gamez, Daniel Gomez; Ortiz, Jaime] Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Shaver, DJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Div Sea Turtle Sci & Recovery, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. EM donna_shaver@nps.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies program, and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 3 IS 7 BP 2002 EP 2012 DI 10.1002/ece3.594 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 185WY UT WOS:000322002400015 PM 23919146 ER PT J AU Kell, AM Wargo, AR Kurath, G AF Kell, Alison M. Wargo, Andrew R. Kurath, Gael TI The Role of Virulence in In Vivo Superinfection Fitness of the Vertebrate RNA Virus Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIRAL FITNESS; DENGUE VIRUS; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DISEASE VIRUS; STRAINS; AQUACULTURE AB We have developed a novel in vivo superinfection fitness assay to examine superinfection dynamics and the role of virulence in superinfection fitness. This assay involves controlled, sequential infections of a natural vertebrate host, Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), with variants of a coevolved viral pathogen, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Intervals between infections ranged from 12 h to 7 days, and both frequency of superinfection and viral replication levels were examined. Using virus genotype pairs of equal and unequal virulence, we observed that superinfection generally occurred with decreasing frequency as the interval between exposures to each genotype increased. For both the equal-virulence and unequal-virulence genotype pairs, the frequency of superinfection in most cases was the same regardless of which genotype was used in the primary exposure. The ability to replicate in the context of superinfection also did not differ between the genotypes of equal or unequal virulence tested here. For both genotype pairs, the mean viral load of the secondary virus was significantly reduced in superinfection while primary virus replication was unaffected. Our results demonstrate, for the two genotype pairs examined, that superinfection restriction does occur for IHNV and that higher virulence did not correlate with a significant difference in superinfection fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first assay to examine the role of virulence of an RNA virus in determining superinfection fitness dynamics within a natural vertebrate host. C1 [Kell, Alison M.; Wargo, Andrew R.; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kell, Alison M.; Wargo, Andrew R.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kell, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM alisonmkell@yahoo.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI083203] NR 53 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 87 IS 14 BP 8145 EP 8157 DI 10.1128/JVI.00089-13 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 172PX UT WOS:000321017700033 PM 23678165 ER PT J AU Kile, DE AF Kile, Daniel E. TI Memorial of Ray E. Wilcox, 1912-2012 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kile, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dkile4@comcast.net NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1372 EP 1374 DI 10.2138/am.2013.625 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 176PC UT WOS:000321315600031 ER PT J AU Kendrick, JE Smith, R Sammonds, P Meredith, PG Dainty, M Pallister, JS AF Kendrick, Jackie Evan Smith, Rosanna Sammonds, Peter Meredith, Philip G. Dainty, Matthew Pallister, John S. TI The influence of thermal and cyclic stressing on the strength of rocks from Mount St. Helens, Washington SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Volcano; Stability; Stress; Strength; Thermal; Damage ID FORECASTING VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; INCREASING CRACK DAMAGE; ELASTIC-MODULI; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; TECTONIC SEISMICITY; ETNA VOLCANO; LAVA DOME; JUNE 1980; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE AB Stratovolcanoes and lava domes are particularly susceptible to sector collapse resulting from wholesale rock failure as a consequence of decreasing rock strength. Here, we provide insights into the influence of thermal and cyclic stressing on the strength and mechanical properties of volcanic rocks. Specifically, this laboratory study examines the properties of samples from Mount St. Helens; chosen because its strength and stability have played a key role in its history, influencing the character of the infamous 1980 eruption. We find that thermal stressing exerts different effects on the strengths of different volcanic units; increasing the heterogeneity of rocks in situ. Increasing the uniaxial compressive stress generates cracking, the timing and magnitude of which was monitored via acoustic emission (AE) output during our experiments. AEs accelerated in the approach to failure, sometimes following the pattern predicted by the failure forecast method (Kilburn 2003). Crack damage during the experiments was tracked using the evolving static Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, which represent the quasi-static deformation in volcanic edifices more accurately than dynamic elastic moduli which are usually implemented in volcanic models. Cyclic loading of these rocks resulted in a lower failure strength, confirming that volcanic rocks may be weakened by repeated inflation and deflation of the volcanic edifice. Additionally, volcanic rocks in this study undergo significant elastic hysteresis; in some instances, a material may fail at a stress lower than the peak stress which has previously been endured. Thus, a volcanic dome repeatedly inflated and deflated may progressively weaken, possibly inducing failure without necessarily exceeding earlier conditions. C1 [Kendrick, Jackie Evan; Smith, Rosanna; Sammonds, Peter; Meredith, Philip G.; Dainty, Matthew] UCL, Rock & Ice Phys Lab, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. [Kendrick, Jackie Evan] LMU, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. [Smith, Rosanna; Sammonds, Peter] UCL, Inst Risk & Disaster Reduct, London, England. [Pallister, John S.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Kendrick, JE (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Ocean & Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM jackie.kendrick@gmail.com RI Jiao, Liqing/A-8821-2011; Kendrick, Jackie/G-2911-2013; OI Kendrick, Jackie/0000-0001-5106-3587; Meredith, Philip/0000-0003-2193-5342 FU NERC; Nuffield Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the staff at the Cascades Volcano Observatory Washington who made sample collection possible. This work was funded by NERC and the Nuffield Foundation. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 75 IS 7 AR 728 DI 10.1007/s00445-013-0728-z PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 182WT UT WOS:000321776200009 ER PT J AU Smith, GM Barker, P Hattori, EM Raymond, A Goebel, T AF Smith, Geoffrey M. Barker, Pat Hattori, Eugene M. Raymond, Anan Goebel, Ted TI POINTS IN TIME: DIRECT RADIOCARBON DATES ON GREAT BASIN PROJECTILE POINTS SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article AB Typological cross-dating is the primary means by which archaeological sites are placed into chronological frameworks. This approach relies on the assumption that artifacts at undated sites-usually projectile points-are coeval with similar artifacts found at other, dated sites. While typological cross-dating is necessary in regions dominated by open-air lithic scatters, the approach can be problematic when undated and dated sites are separated by significant distances. Here, we present radiocarbon dates on projectile points with organic hafting material still attached or found within organic storage bags. Our results provide unequivocal ages for various morphological projectile point types at several Great Basin locales and should be useful to researchers seeking local age estimates for those point types, which often involves relying on chronological data from more distant sites. The results also highlight potential issues with uncritically applying typological cross-dating using typologies based on metric attributes, and in two cases, suggest the need to revise the age ranges for certain point styles in the western Great Basin. C1 [Smith, Geoffrey M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, Great Basin Paleoindian Res Unit, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Barker, Pat; Hattori, Eugene M.] Nevada State Museum, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Raymond, Anan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sherwood, OR 97140 USA. [Goebel, Ted] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Amer 1, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Smith, GM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, Great Basin Paleoindian Res Unit, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM geoffreys@unr.edu; barkerj@unr.edu; ghattori@nevadaculture.org; anan_raymond@fws.gov; goebel@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 78 IS 3 BP 580 EP 594 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 177ZX UT WOS:000321415000010 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Hall, EK Nolan, BT Finlay, JC Bernhardt, ES Harrison, JA Chan, F Boyer, EW AF Baron, J. S. Hall, E. K. Nolan, B. T. Finlay, J. C. Bernhardt, E. S. Harrison, J. A. Chan, F. Boyer, E. W. TI The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Water resources; Rivers; Lakes; Reservoirs; Wetlands; Estuaries; Groundwater; Reactive nitrogen; Nitrate; Denitrification; Climate change ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; METHANE EMISSIONS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Nearly all freshwaters and coastal zones of the US are degraded from inputs of excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), sources of which are runoff, atmospheric N deposition, and imported food and feed. Some major adverse effects include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia of fresh and coastal waters, ocean acidification, long-term harm to human health, and increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Nitrogen fluxes to coastal areas and emissions of nitrous oxide from waters have increased in response to N inputs. Denitrification and sedimentation of organic N to sediments are important processes that divert N from downstream transport. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly important denitrification hotspots. Carbon storage in sediments is enhanced by Nr, but whether carbon is permanently buried is unknown. The effect of climate change on N transport and processing in fresh and coastal waters will be felt most strongly through changes to the hydrologic cycle, whereas N loading is mostly climate-independent. Alterations in precipitation amount and dynamics will alter runoff, thereby influencing both rates of Nr inputs to aquatic ecosystems and groundwater and the water residence times that affect Nr removal within aquatic systems. Both infrastructure and climate change alter the landscape connectivity and hydrologic residence time that are essential to denitrification. While Nr inputs to and removal rates from aquatic systems are influenced by climate and management, reduction of N inputs from their source will be the most effective means to prevent or to minimize environmental and economic impacts of excess Nr to the nation's water resources. C1 [Baron, J. S.; Hall, E. K.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nolan, B. T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Finlay, J. C.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bernhardt, E. S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Harrison, J. A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Chan, F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boyer, E. W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jill.Baron@ColoState.edu RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011; Hall, Ed/C-6013-2014; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X FU NSF Research Coordination Network [DEB-0443439, DEB-1049744]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge thoughtful comments from Mike Dettinger, Richard Alexander, and Sybil Seitzinger. This work resulted from a workshop supported by NSF Research Coordination Network awards DEB-0443439 and DEB-1049744, and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. This is also a product of the USGS Western Mountain Initiative. NR 153 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 20 U2 282 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2013 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10533-012-9788-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168PO UT WOS:000320718200005 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Krauss, KW Lockaby, BG Conner, WH Hupp, CR AF Noe, Gregory B. Krauss, Ken W. Lockaby, B. Graeme Conner, William H. Hupp, Cliff R. TI The effect of increasing salinity and forest mortality on soil nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in tidal freshwater forested wetlands SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tidal freshwater wetland; Tidal forest; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Salinification; Sea level rise ID CREATED MITIGATION WETLANDS; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SURFACE-WATER; SALT MARSHES; NET N; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; VEGETATION; NITRIFICATION; EXCHANGE AB Tidal freshwater wetlands are sensitive to sea level rise and increased salinity, although little information is known about the impact of salinification on nutrient biogeochemistry in tidal freshwater forested wetlands. We quantified soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization using seasonal in situ incubations of modified resin cores along spatial gradients of chronic salinification (from continuously freshwater tidal forest to salt impacted tidal forest to oligohaline marsh) and in hummocks and hollows of the continuously freshwater tidal forest along the blackwater Waccamaw River and alluvial Savannah River. Salinification increased rates of net N and P mineralization fluxes and turnover in tidal freshwater forested wetland soils, most likely through tree stress and senescence (for N) and conversion to oligohaline marsh (for P). Stimulation of N and P mineralization by chronic salinification was apparently unrelated to inputs of sulfate (for N and P) or direct effects of increased soil conductivity (for N). In addition, the tidal wetland soils of the alluvial river mineralized more P relative to N than the blackwater river. Finally, hummocks had much greater nitrification fluxes than hollows at the continuously freshwater tidal forested wetland sites. These findings add to knowledge of the responses of tidal freshwater ecosystems to sea level rise and salinification that is necessary to predict the consequences of state changes in coastal ecosystem structure and function due to global change, including potential impacts on estuarine eutrophication. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. [Lockaby, B. Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research & Development Program; USGS National Research Program; NIFA/USDA [SC-1700424] FX We would like to thank Nick Ostroski, Kristin Wolf, Ed Schenk, Myles Robinson, Russ Gray, Jackie Batson, Steve "Hutch" Hutchinson, and Brian Williams for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Support was provided by the USGS Climate and Land Use Change Research & Development Program, USGS National Research Program, and by NIFA/USDA, under project number SC-1700424. Technical Contribution No. 6072 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 93 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2013 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10533-012-9805-1 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168PO UT WOS:000320718200014 ER PT J AU Haynes, TB Rosenberger, AE Lindberg, MS Whitman, M Schmutz, JA AF Haynes, Trevor B. Rosenberger, Amanda E. Lindberg, Mark S. Whitman, Matthew Schmutz, Joel A. TI Method- and species-specific detection probabilities of fish occupancy in Arctic lakes: implications for design and management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE-COVERED LAKES; IMPERFECT DETECTION; SITE-OCCUPANCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AQUATIC BIOTA; DIEL; WATER; PATTERNS; HABITAT; MODELS AB Studies examining species occurrence often fail to account for false absences in field sampling. We investigate detection probabilities of five gear types for six fish species in a sample of lakes on the North Slope, Alaska. We used an occupancy modeling approach to provide estimates of detection probabilities for each method. Variation in gear-and species-specific detection probability was considerable. For example, detection probabilities for the fyke net ranged from 0.82 (SE = 0.05) for least cisco (Coregonus sardinella) to 0.04 (SE = 0.01) for slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). Detection probabilities were also affected by site-specific variables such as depth of the lake, year, day of sampling, and lake connection to a stream. With the exception of the dip net and shore minnow traps, each gear type provided the highest detection probability of at least one species. Results suggest that a multimethod approach may be most effective when attempting to sample the entire fish community of Arctic lakes. Detection probability estimates will be useful for designing optimal fish sampling and monitoring protocols in Arctic lakes. C1 [Haynes, Trevor B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda E.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Whitman, Matthew] Bur Land Management, Fairbanks Dist Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Haynes, TB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM t.haynes@alaska.edu FU State Wildlife Grant through Alaska Department of Fish Game; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors thank contributors, including Mary Rabe, Kim Titus, and the Wildlife Diversity Program at Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Jeff Adams, Bill Carter, and the Fisheries Division at US Fish and Wildlife Service - Fairbanks; and Debbie Nigro and Bureau of Land Management - Fairbanks. John Pearce and two anonymous reviewers made helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Data collection would not have been possible without the indispensable help of the field assistants and pilots who aided in the fieldwork. This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant awarded through Alaska Department of Fish & Game. TBH was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate scholarship. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0527 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 175QX UT WOS:000321247700010 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Siefkes, MJ Wagner, CM Dawson, H Wang, HY Steeves, T Twohey, M Li, WM AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Siefkes, Michael J. Wagner, C. Michael Dawson, Heather Wang, Huiyong Steeves, Todd Twohey, Michael Li, Weiming TI A synthesized mating pheromone component increases adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) trap capture in management scenarios SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; POPULATION MANAGEMENT; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; BILE-ACIDS; LARVAL; ODOR; COMMUNICATION; ABUNDANCE; SUPERIOR AB Application of chemical cues to manipulate adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) behavior is among the options considered for new sea lamprey control techniques in the Laurentian Great Lakes. A male mating pheromone component, 7 alpha,12 alpha,24-trihydroxy-3-one-5 alpha-cholan-24-sulfate (3kPZS), lures ovulated female sea lamprey upstream into baited traps in experimental contexts with no odorant competition. A critical knowledge gap is whether this single pheromone component influences adult sea lamprey behavior in management contexts containing free-ranging sea lampreys. A solution of 3kPZS to reach a final in-stream concentration of 10(-12) mol.L-1 was applied to eight Michigan streams at existing sea lamprey traps over 3 years, and catch rates were compared between paired 3kPZS-baited and unbaited traps. 3kPZS-baited traps captured significantly more sexually immature and mature sea lampreys, and overall yearly trapping efficiency within a stream averaged 10% higher during years when 3kPZS was applied. Video analysis of a trap funnel showed that the likelihood of sea lamprey trap entry after trap encounter was higher when the trap was 3kPZS baited. Our approach serves as a model for the development of similar control tools for sea lamprey and other aquatic invaders. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Wagner, C. Michael; Wang, Huiyong; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dawson, Heather] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Steeves, Todd] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Twohey, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX US Fish and Wildlife Service provided traps and over 40 personnel to check traps and apply 3kPZS. We thank Jessica Barber and Lisa Walter of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station, for logistic support in the execution of the field work. Jason VanEffen, Sara Ruiter, Anne Scott, Nicole Griewahn, and Henry Thompson were critical components of the field team. The research would not have been conducted if not for the efforts of Jane Rivera, David Kennedy, and Terry Hubert of US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, to obtain experimental user permits to apply 3kPZS. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided funding and support. This manuscript is contribution No. 1755 of the Great Lakes Science Center. Mention of trademark names does not infer endorsement by the US federal government. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1101 EP 1108 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0080 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 175QX UT WOS:000321247700015 ER PT J AU Northrup, JM Hooten, MB Anderson, CR Wittemyer, G AF Northrup, Joseph M. Hooten, Mevin B. Anderson, Charles R., Jr. Wittemyer, George TI Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use-availability design SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; GPS radio telemetry; resource selection function; RSF; spatial point process; species distribution model; use-availability data; wildlife ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT SELECTION; TELEMETRY DATA; PREFERENCE; SCALE AB Habitat selection is a fundamental aspect of animal ecology, the understanding of which is critical to management and conservation. Global positioning system data from animals allow fine-scale assessments of habitat selection and typically are analyzed in a use-availability framework, whereby animal locations are contrasted with random locations (the availability sample). Although most use-availability methods are in fact spatial point process models, they often are fit using logistic regression. This framework offers numerous methodological challenges, for which the literature provides little guidance. Specifically, the size and spatial extent of the availability sample influences coefficient estimates potentially causing interpretational bias. We examined the influence of availability on statistical inference through simulations and analysis of serially correlated mule deer GPS data. Bias in estimates arose from incorrectly assessing and sampling the spatial extent of availability. Spatial autocorrelation in covariates, which is common for landscape characteristics, exacerbated the error in availability sampling leading to increased bias. These results have strong implications for habitat selection analyses using GPS data, which are increasingly prevalent in the literature. We recommend that researchers assess the sensitivity of their results to their availability sample and, where bias is likely, take care with interpretations and use cross validation to assess robustness. C1 [Northrup, Joseph M.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Wittemyer, George] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, Charles R., Jr.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Mammals Res Sect, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Northrup, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joe.northrup@colostate.edu RI Northrup, Joseph/G-5427-2012 OI Northrup, Joseph/0000-0001-6319-4138 FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife; Bureau of Land Management; Colorado Mule Deer Association; Colorado Mule Deer Foundation; Colorado State Severance Tax Fund; EnCana Corporation; ExxonMobil Production Corporation; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration; Marathon Oil Corporation; Shell Petroleum; Williams Production LMT Corporation FX This work was supported by Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Mule Deer Association, Colorado Mule Deer Foundation, Colorado State Severance Tax Fund, EnCana Corporation, ExxonMobil Production Corporation, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Marathon Oil Corporation, Shell Petroleum, Williams Production LMT Corporation, and Piceance Basin land owners. We thank M. Rice, K. Logan, J. Matthiopoulos, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 13 U2 123 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1456 EP 1463 DI 10.1890/12-1688.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400003 PM 23951705 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Conn, PB Alonso, RS Crooks, KR AF McClintock, Brett T. Conn, Paul B. Alonso, Robert S. Crooks, Kevin R. TI Integrated modeling of bilateral photo-identification data in mark-recapture analyses SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; latent multinomial; mark-resight; noninvasive capture-recapture; photo-identification; remote camera trapping ID SHARKS RHINCODON-TYPUS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; ALGORITHM; ABUNDANCE; INFERENCE AB When natural marks provide sufficient resolution to identify individual animals, noninvasive sampling using cameras has a number of distinct advantages relative to traditional mark-recapture methods. However, analyses from photo-identification records often pose additional challenges. For example, it is often unclear how to link left- and right-side photos to the same individual, and previous studies have primarily used data from just one side for statistical inference. Here we describe how a recently developed statistical method can be adapted for integrated mark-recapture analyses using bilateral photo-identification records. The approach works by assuming that the true encounter history for each animal is a latent (unobserved) realization from a multinomial distribution. Based on the type of photo encounter (e.g., right, left, or both sides), the recorded (observed) encounter histories can only arise from certain combinations of these latent histories. In this manner, the approach properly accounts for uncertainty about the true number of distinct animals observed in the study. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling procedure, we conduct a small simulation study to show that this approach has reasonable properties and outperforms other methods. We further illustrate our approach by estimating population size from bobcat photo-identification records. Although motivated by bilateral photo-identification records, we note that the proposed methodology can be used to combine and jointly analyze other types of mark-recapture data (e.g., photo and DNA records). C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.; Crooks, Kevin R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alonso, Robert S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1464 EP 1471 DI 10.1890/12-1613.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400004 PM 23951706 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Martin, J Edwards, HH AF Dorazio, Robert M. Martin, Julien Edwards, Holly H. TI Estimating abundance while accounting for rarity, correlated behavior, and other sources of variation in counts SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE binomial mixture; hurdle model; imperfect detection; N-mixture model; point count sampling; species occurrence; Trichechus manatus latirostris; West Indian manatee; zero-inflated model ID N-MIXTURE MODELS; DETECTION PROBABILITY; ZERO AB The class of N-mixture models allows abundance to be estimated from repeated, point count surveys while adjusting for imperfect detection of individuals. We developed an extension of N-mixture models to account for two commonly observed phenomena in point count surveys: rarity and lack of independence induced by unmeasurable sources of variation in the detectability of individuals. Rarity increases the number of locations with zero detections in excess of those expected under simple models of abundance (e.g., Poisson or negative binomial). Correlated behavior of individuals and other phenomena, though difficult to measure, increases the variation in detection probabilities among surveys. Our extension of N-mixture models includes a hurdle model of abundance and a beta-binomial model of detectability that accounts for additional (extra-binomial) sources of variation in detections among surveys. As an illustration, we fit this model to repeated point counts of the West Indian manatee, which was observed in a pilot study using aerial surveys. Our extension of N-mixture models provides increased flexibility. The effects of different sets of covariates may be estimated for the probability of occurrence of a species, for its mean abundance at occupied locations, and for its detectability. C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Martin, Julien; Edwards, Holly H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1472 EP 1478 DI 10.1890/0012-9658-94.7.1472 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400005 PM 23951707 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Dobrowski, SZ Long, J Mynsberge, AR Piekielek, NB AF Beever, Erik A. Dobrowski, S. Z. Long, J. Mynsberge, A. R. Piekielek, N. B. TI Understanding relationships among abundance, extirpation, and climate at ecoregional scales SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American pika; climate change; ecohydrologic variables; hydrographic Great Basin; information-theoretic analyses; mechanisms of climate-species relationships; Ochotona princeps; talus habitat ID PIKA OCHOTONA-PRINCEPS; SPECIES RANGES; GREAT-BASIN; EXTINCTION; MODELS; INDICATOR; PATTERNS; DENSITY; SHIFTS AB Recent research on mountain-dwelling species has illustrated changes in species' distributional patterns in response to climate change. Abundance of a species will likely provide an earlier warning indicator of change than will occupancy, yet relationships between abundance and climatic factors have received less attention. We tested whether predictors of counts of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) during surveys from the Great Basin region in 1994-1999 and 2003-2008 differed between the two periods. Additionally, we tested whether various modeled aspects of ecohydrology better predicted relative density than did average annual precipitation, and whether risk of site-wide extirpation predicted subsequent population counts of pikas. We observed several patterns of change in pika abundance at range edges that likely constitute early warnings of distributional shifts. Predictors of pika abundance differed strongly between the survey periods, as did pika extirpation patterns previously reported from this region. Additionally, maximum snowpack and growing-season precipitation resulted in better-supported models than those using average annual precipitation, and constituted two of the top three predictors of pika density in the 2000s surveys (affecting pikas perhaps via vegetation). Unexpectedly, we found that extirpation risk positively predicted subsequent population size. Our results emphasize the need to clarify mechanisms underlying biotic responses to recent climate change at organism-relevant scales, to inform management and conservation strategies for species of concern. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Dobrowski, S. Z.; Mynsberge, A. R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Long, J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Piekielek, N. B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Landscape Biodivers Lab, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM EBeever@usgs.gov OI Piekielek, Nathan/0000-0002-2740-0675; Long, John/0000-0001-7558-3093 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 65 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2013 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1563 EP 1571 DI 10.1890/12-2174.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180SY UT WOS:000321618400014 PM 23951716 ER PT J AU Schroeder, SA Fulton, DC AF Schroeder, Susan A. Fulton, David C. TI Public Lakes, Private Lakeshore: Modeling Protection of Native Aquatic Plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic plant management; Belief valence; Lakeshore property owners; Norm activation theory; Structural equation modeling; Theory of reasoned action ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; PERSONAL NORMS; ENVIRONMENT; INTENTIONS; COMMUNITY; ATTITUDES; HABITAT; CHOICE AB Protection of native aquatic plants is an important proenvironmental behavior, because plant loss coupled with nutrient loading can produce changes in lake ecosystems. Removal of aquatic plants by lakeshore property owners is a diffuse behavior that may lead to cumulative impacts on lake ecosystems. This class of behavior is challenging to manage because collective impacts are not obvious to the actors. This paper distinguishes positive and negative beliefs about aquatic plants, in models derived from norm activation theory (Schwartz, Adv Exp Soc Psychol 10:221-279, 1977) and the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: an introduction to theory and research, Addison-Wesley, Boston 1975), to examine protection of native aquatic plants by Minnesota lakeshore property owners. We clarify how positive and negative evaluations of native aquatic plants affect protection or removal of these plants. Results are based on a mail survey (n = 3,115). Results suggest that positive evaluations of aquatic plants (i.e., as valuable to lake ecology) may not connect with the global attitudes and behavioral intentions that direct plant protection or removal. Lakeshore property owners' behavior related to aquatic plants may be driven more by tangible personal benefits derived from accessible, carefully managed lakeshore than intentional action taken to sustain lake ecosystems. The limited connection of positive evaluations of aquatic plants to global attitudes and behavioral intentions may reflect either lack of knowledge of what actions are needed to protect lake health and/or unwillingness to lose perceived benefits derived from lakeshore property. C1 [Schroeder, Susan A.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fulton, David C.] USGS, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Schroeder, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 200 Hodson Hall 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sas@umn.edu FU MNDNR; United States Geological Survey (USGS) Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota FX This study was a cooperative effort supported by the MNDNR and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00267-013-0054-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173EY UT WOS:000321062100008 PM 23609308 ER PT J AU Richmond, JQ Barr, KR Backlin, AR Vandergast, AG Fisher, RN AF Richmond, Jonathan Q. Barr, Kelly R. Backlin, Adam R. Vandergast, Amy G. Fisher, Robert N. TI Evolutionary dynamics of a rapidly receding southern range boundary in the threatened California Red-Legged Frog (Rana draytonii) SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; phylogeography; ranid frogs; range edge - empirical; wildlife management ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; SPECIES RANGE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; AURORA-DRAYTONII; PROGRAM; DIVERSITY AB Populations forming the edge of a species range are often imperiled by isolation and low genetic diversity, with proximity to human population centers being a major determinant of edge stability in modern landscapes. Since the 1960s, the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) has undergone extensive declines in heavily urbanized southern California, where the range edge has rapidly contracted northward while shifting its cardinal orientation to an east-west trending axis. We studied the genetic structure and diversity of these frontline populations, tested for signatures of contemporary disturbance, specifically fire, and attempted to disentangle these signals from demographic events extending deeper into the past. Consistent with the genetic expectations of the abundant-center' model, we found that diversity, admixture, and opportunity for random mating increases in populations sampled successively further away from the range boundary. Demographic simulations indicate that bottlenecks in peripheral isolates are associated with processes extending tens to a few hundred generations in the past, despite the demographic collapse of some due to recent fire-flood events. While the effects of recent disturbance have left little genetic imprint on these populations, they likely contribute to an extinction debt that will lead to continued range contraction unless management intervenes to stall or reverse the process. C1 [Richmond, Jonathan Q.; Barr, Kelly R.; Backlin, Adam R.; Vandergast, Amy G.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Richmond, JQ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jrichmond@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571 FU USFWS/USGS Science Support Partnership Grant; USGS Western Ecological Research Center FX We thank Steve Bogdanowicz (EGCF, Cornell University) for developing the microsatellite library and providing general guidance on laboratory methods and Felis Wolven for performing genotyping runs (CSUPERB Microchemical Core Facility, San Diego State University). Chris Dellith (US Fish and Wildlife Service) was instrumental in supporting all aspects of this research. We thank Jeffery Markert for assistance with lab work and data collection. Osborne Cox, Caleb Phillips, and Giridhar Athrey provided helpful discussions on the ABC analyses. We thank Mary Bergen, Rick Bisaccia, Derek Poultney, Pam Galo, Maureen Spencer, John Warner, Tim Robinson, Bob Stafford, Jodi Leipner, Kevin Cooper, Thomas Murphey, John Storer, David Wolff, and Rhys Evans for site access and logistical support. We are grateful for the field efforts of the following people: Morgan Ball, Kathy Baumberger, Chris Brown, Mark Canfield, Denise Clark, Sara Compton, Nat Cox, Katy Delaney, Elizabeth Gallegos, Ken Gililand, Stacey Hathaway, Cindy Hitchcock, Tim Hovey, Pete Johnson, Megan Lahti, John LaBonte, Julie Niceswanger, Carlton Rochester, Norm Scott, Nathan Sill, Russ Smith, and Chris Trumpy. This study was funded by a USFWS/USGS Science Support Partnership Grant and by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade names does not imply U. S. Government endorsement. This paper is contribution number 431 of the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 808 EP 822 DI 10.1111/eva.12067 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 184ND UT WOS:000321896500006 ER PT J AU Heilweil, VM Stolp, BJ Kimball, BA Susong, DD Marston, TM Gardner, PM AF Heilweil, Victor M. Stolp, Bert J. Kimball, Briant A. Susong, David D. Marston, Thomas M. Gardner, Philip M. TI A Stream-Based Methane Monitoring Approach for Evaluating Groundwater Impacts Associated with Unconventional Gas Development SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SHALE-GAS; TRACER INJECTION; SURFACE WATERS; COEFFICIENTS; REAERATION; CHALLENGES; ESTUARIES; PATHWAYS; COLORADO; RIVERS AB Gaining streams can provide an integrated signal of relatively large groundwater capture areas. In contrast to the point-specific nature of monitoring wells, gaining streams coalesce multiple flow paths. Impacts on groundwater quality from unconventional gas development may be evaluated at the watershed scale by the sampling of dissolved methane (CH4) along such streams. This paper describes a method for using stream CH4 concentrations, along with measurements of groundwater inflow and gas transfer velocity interpreted by 1-D stream transport modeling, to determine groundwater methane fluxes. While dissolved ionic tracers remain in the stream for long distances, the persistence of methane is not well documented. To test this method and evaluate CH4 persistence in a stream, a combined bromide (Br) and CH4 tracer injection was conducted on Nine-Mile Creek, a gaining stream in a gas development area in central Utah. A 35% gain in streamflow was determined from dilution of the Br tracer. The injected CH4 resulted in a fivefold increase in stream CH4 immediately below the injection site. CH4 and delta C-13(CH4) sampling showed it was not immediately lost to the atmosphere, but remained in the stream for more than 2000 m. A 1-D stream transport model simulating the decline in CH4 yielded an apparent gas transfer velocity of 4.5m/d, describing the rate of loss to the atmosphere (possibly including some microbial consumption). The transport model was then calibrated to background stream CH4 in Nine-Mile Creek (prior to CH4 injection) in order to evaluate groundwater CH4 contributions. The total estimated CH4 load discharging to the stream along the study reach was 190 g/d, although using geochemical fingerprinting to determine its source was beyond the scope of the current study. This demonstrates the utility of stream-gas sampling as a reconnaissance tool for evaluating both natural and anthropogenic CH4 leakage from gas reservoirs into groundwater and surface water. C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.; Stolp, Bert J.; Kimball, Briant A.; Susong, David D.; Marston, Thomas M.; Gardner, Philip M.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM heilweil@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Utah Water Science Center FX This work was made possible through funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Utah Water Science Center. The authors would like to thank both Patrick Lambert, USGS, and D. Kip Solomon, University of Utah, for their helpful ideas and review comments; W. Payton Gardner, Sandia National Laboratories, for his analysis of the 222Rn samples; Peter Cook, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO) for his 1-D stream transport code for simulating groundwater inflow and gas transfer; and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1111/gwat.12079 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175UJ UT WOS:000321258800006 PM 23758706 ER PT J AU Abrams, D Haitjema, H Kauffman, L AF Abrams, Daniel Haitjema, H. Kauffman, L. TI On Modeling Weak Sinks in MODPATH SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE TRACKING; CATCHMENT; WATER AB Regional groundwater flow systems often contain both strong sinks and weak sinks. A strong sink extracts water from the entire aquifer depth, while a weak sink lets some water pass underneath or over the actual sink. The numerical groundwater flow model MODFLOW may allow a sink cell to act as a strong or weak sink, hence extracting all water that enters the cell or allowing some of that water to pass. A physical strong sink can be modeled by either a strong sink cell or a weak sink cell, with the latter generally occurring in low-resolution models. Likewise, a physical weak sink may also be represented by either type of sink cell. The representation of weak sinks in the particle tracing code MODPATH is more equivocal than in MODFLOW. With the appropriate parameterization of MODPATH, particle traces and their associated travel times to weak sink streams can be modeled with adequate accuracy, even in single layer models. Weak sink well cells, on the other hand, require special measures as proposed in the literature to generate correct particle traces and individual travel times and hence capture zones. We found that the transit time distributions for well water generally do not require special measures provided aquifer properties are locally homogeneous and the well draws water from the entire aquifer depth, an important observation for determining the response of a well to non-point contaminant inputs. C1 [Abrams, Daniel; Haitjema, H.] Indiana Univ SPEA 412, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kauffman, L.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ USA. RP Abrams, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ SPEA 412, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dbabrams@indiana.edu; haitjema@indiana.edu; ljkauff@usgs.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175UJ UT WOS:000321258800013 PM 23025655 ER PT J AU Stanton, JS Ryter, DW Peterson, SM AF Stanton, Jennifer S. Ryter, Derek W. Peterson, Steven M. TI Effects of Linking a Soil-Water-Balance Model with a Groundwater-Flow Model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED CROPLAND; RECHARGE; QUALITY AB A previously published regional groundwater-flow model in north-central Nebraska was sequentially linked with the recently developed soil-water-balance (SWB) model to analyze effects to groundwater-flow model parameters and calibration results. The linked models provided a more detailed spatial and temporal distribution of simulated recharge based on hydrologic processes, improvement of simulated groundwater-level changes and base flows at specific sites in agricultural areas, and a physically based assessment of the relative magnitude of recharge for grassland, nonirrigated cropland, and irrigated cropland areas. Root-mean-squared (RMS) differences between the simulated and estimated or measured target values for the previously published model and linked models were relatively similar and did not improve for all types of calibration targets. However, without any adjustment to the SWB-generated recharge, the RMS difference between simulated and estimated base-flow target values for the groundwater-flow model was slightly smaller than for the previously published model, possibly indicating that the volume of recharge simulated by the SWB code was closer to actual hydrogeologic conditions than the previously published model provided. Groundwater-level and base-flow hydrographs showed that temporal patterns of simulated groundwater levels and base flows were more accurate for the linked models than for the previously published model at several sites, particularly in agricultural areas. C1 [Stanton, Jennifer S.; Ryter, Derek W.; Peterson, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. RP Stanton, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5231 South 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jstanton@usgs.gov OI Peterson, Steven/0000-0002-9130-1284 FU Nebraska Natural Resources Commission; local Natural Resources District (Lower Loup); local Natural Resources District (Upper Elkhorn); local Natural Resources District (Lower Elkhorn); local Natural Resources District (Lower Platte North); local Natural Resources District (Middle Niobrara); USGS FX This work was jointly funded by the Nebraska Natural Resources Commission, local Natural Resources Districts (Lower Loup, Upper Elkhorn, Lower Elkhorn, Lower Platte North, and Middle Niobrara), and the USGS. The authors would like to thank Steve Westenbroek for his help with the soil-water-balance modeling and Tom Mack, Ron Zelt, and anonymous reviewers for providing suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175UJ UT WOS:000321258800015 PM 23036222 ER PT J AU Charlton, SR Parkhurst, DL AF Charlton, Scott R. Parkhurst, David L. TI Phast4Windows: A 3D Graphical User Interface for the Reactive-Transport Simulator PHAST SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Phast4Windows is a Windows (R) program for developing and running groundwater-flow and reactive-transport models with the PHAST simulator. This graphical user interface allows definition of grid-independent spatial distributions of model propertiesthe porous media properties, the initial head and chemistry conditions, boundary conditions, and locations of wells, rivers, drains, and accounting zonesand other parameters necessary for a simulation. Spatial data can be defined without reference to a grid by drawing, by point-by-point definitions, or by importing files, including ArcInfo (R) shape and raster files. All definitions can be inspected, edited, deleted, moved, copied, and switched from hidden to visible through the data tree of the interface. Model features are visualized in the main panel of the interface, so that it is possible to zoom, pan, and rotate features in three dimensions (3D). PHAST simulates single phase, constant density, saturated groundwater flow under confined or unconfined conditions. Reactions among multiple solutes include mineral equilibria, cation exchange, surface complexation, solid solutions, and general kinetic reactions. The interface can be used to develop and run simple or complex models, and is ideal for use in the classroom, for analysis of laboratory column experiments, and for development of field-scale simulations of geochemical processes and contaminant transport. C1 [Charlton, Scott R.; Parkhurst, David L.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Parkhurst, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dlpark@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00993.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175UJ UT WOS:000321258800016 PM 23003216 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Stiles, BW Aharonson, O Lucas, A Hayes, AG Kirk, RL Zebker, HA Turtle, EP Neish, CD Stofan, ER Barnes, JW AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Stiles, Bryan W. Aharonson, Oded Lucas, Antoine Hayes, Alexander G. Kirk, Randolph L. Zebker, Howard A. Turtle, Elizabeth P. Neish, Catherine D. Stofan, Ellen R. Barnes, Jason W. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI A global topographic map of Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes ID SHAPE; ALTIMETER; MARS AB Cassini RADAR SARtopo and altimetry data are used to construct a global gridded 1 x 1 degrees elevation map, for use in Global Circulation Models, hydrological models and correlative studies. The data are sparse, and so most of the map domain (similar to 90%) is populated with interpolated values using a spline algorithm. The highest (similar to+520 m) gridded point observed is at 48 degrees S, 12 degrees W. The lowest point observed (similar to 1700 m below a 2575 km sphere) is at 59 degrees S, 317 degrees W: this may be a basin where liquids presently in the north could have resided in the past. If the deepest point were once a sea with the areal extent of present-day Ligeia Mare, it would be similar to 1000 m deep. We find four prominent topographic rises, each similar to 200 km wide, radar-bright and heavily dissected, distributed over a similar to 3000 km arc in the southeastern quadrant of Titan (similar to 40-60 degrees S, 15-150 degrees W). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stiles, Bryan W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Aharonson, Oded] Weizmann Inst Sci, Helen Kimmel Ctr Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Lucas, Antoine] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hayes, Alexander G.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Zebker, Howard A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Neish, Catherine D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stofan, Ellen R.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Lucas, Antoine/A-9752-2009; Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lucas, Antoine/0000-0003-2192-4416; Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU NASA; European Space Agency (ESA); Italian Space Agency (ASI); NASA [NNX13AH14G] FX This work was supported by the Cassini/Huygens mission, which is a joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and is managed by JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. RI, was supported by NASA Grant NNX13AH14G. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2013 VL 225 IS 1 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174ND UT WOS:000321161800031 ER PT J AU Diniega, S Hansen, CJ McElwaine, JN Hugenholtz, CH Dundas, CM McEwen, AS Bourke, MC AF Diniega, S. Hansen, C. J. McElwaine, J. N. Hugenholtz, C. H. Dundas, C. M. McEwen, A. S. Bourke, M. C. TI A new dry hypothesis for the formation of martian linear gullies SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Geological processes; Ices ID DEBRIS FLOWS; SAND DUNES; MARS; WATER; DEPTH AB Long, narrow grooves found on the slopes of martian sand dunes have been cited as evidence of liquid water via the hypothesis that melt-water initiated debris flows eroded channels and deposited lateral levees. However, this theory has several short-comings for explaining the observed morphology and activity of these linear gullies. We present an alternative hypothesis that is consistent with the observed morphology, location, and current activity: that blocks of CO2 ice break from over-steepened cornices as sublimation processes destabilize the surface in the spring, and these blocks move downslope, carving out leveed grooves of relatively uniform width and forming terminal pits. To test this hypothesis, we describe experiments involving water and CO2 blocks on terrestrial dunes and then compare results with the martian features. Furthermore, we present a theoretical model of the initiation of block motion due to sublimation and use this to quantitatively compare the expected behavior of blocks on the Earth and Mars. The model demonstrates that CO2 blocks can be expected to move via our proposed mechanism on the Earth and Mars, and the experiments show that the motion of these blocks will naturally create the main morphological features of linear gullies seen on Mars. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Diniega, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hansen, C. J.; McElwaine, J. N.; Bourke, M. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [McElwaine, J. N.] SLF WSL, CH-2740 Davos, Switzerland. [Hugenholtz, C. H.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Hugenholtz, C. H.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Dundas, C. M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bourke, M. C.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Geog, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Diniega, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 301-250D, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM serina.diniega@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU NASA FX Diniega was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities, at the California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with NASA. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2013 VL 225 IS 1 BP 526 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.006 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174ND UT WOS:000321161800043 ER PT J AU Platz, T Michael, G Tanaka, KL Skinner, JA Fortezzo, CM AF Platz, Thomas Michael, Gregory Tanaka, Kenneth L. Skinner, James A., Jr. Fortezzo, Corey M. TI Crater-based dating of geological units on Mars: Methods and application for the new global geological map SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Surface; Cratering; Geological processes; Impact processes ID HISTORY; SYSTEM; AGES; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS; CHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; VOLCANISM; DEPOSITS; DENSITY AB The new, post-Viking generation of Mars orbital imaging and topographical data provide significant higher-resolution details of surface morphologies, which induced a new effort to photo-geologically map the surface of Mars at 1:20,000,000 scale. Although from unit superposition relations a relative stratigraphical framework can be compiled, it was the ambition of this mapping project to provide absolute unit age constraints through crater statistics. In this study, the crater counting method is described in detail, starting with the selection of image data, type locations (both from the mapper's and crater counter's perspectives) and the identification of impact craters. We describe the criteria used to validate and analyse measured crater populations, and to derive and interpret crater model ages. We provide examples of how geological information about the unit's resurfacing history can be retrieved from crater size-frequency distributions. Three cases illustrate short-, intermediate, and long-term resurfacing histories. In addition, we introduce an interpretation-independent visualisation of the crater resurfacing history that uses the reduction of the crater population in a given size range relative to the expected population given the observed crater density at larger sizes. From a set of potential type locations, 48 areas from 22 globally mapped units were deemed suitable for crater counting. Because resurfacing ages were derived from crater statistics, these secondary ages were used to define the unit age rather than the base age. Using the methods described herein, we modelled ages that are consistent with the interpreted stratigraphy. Our derived model ages allow age assignments to be included in unit names. We discuss the limitations of using the crater dating technique for global-scale geological mapping. Finally, we present recommendations for the documentation and presentation of crater statistics in publications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Platz, Thomas; Michael, Gregory] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.; Skinner, James A., Jr.; Fortezzo, Corey M.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Platz, T (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetary Sci & Remote Sensing, Malteserstr 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. EM thomas.platz@fu-berlin.de; gregory.michael@fu-berlin.de; ktanaka@usgs.gov; jskinner@usgs.gov; cfortezzo@usgs.gov RI Platz, Thomas/F-7539-2013; Fortezzo, Corey/J-3768-2013; Skinner, James/M-7966-2014 OI Platz, Thomas/0000-0002-1253-2034; FU Helmholtz Association through the research alliance "Planetary evolution and life"; DFG [PL613/1-1]; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50QM1001]; NASA FX We greatly appreciate Chris Okubo's thorough review of a former version of this manuscript. We express our sincere thanks to Caleb Fassett and an anonymous reviewer, who provided in-depth comments helping to improve our manuscript. We thank T. Kneissl, who implemented the export of fractional craters into his ArcGIS extension Crater Tools, and T.M. Hare for technical ArcGIS support. We recognise the collaborative work of J.M. Dohm, R.B. Irwin, and E.J. Kolb in finalising this mapping project. T.P. was partially supported by the Helmholtz Association through the research alliance "Planetary evolution and life" and the DFG Grant PL613/1-1. G.M was funded by Grant 50QM1001 (HRSC on Mars Express), on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. K.L.T., J.A.S., and C.M.F. were supported by a grant from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2013 VL 225 IS 1 BP 806 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.021 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174ND UT WOS:000321161800065 ER PT J AU Gregory, JM White, NJ Church, JA Bierkens, MFP Box, JE den Broeke, MR Cogley, JG Fettweis, X Hanna, E Huybrechts, P Konikow, LF Leclercq, PW Marzeion, B Oerlemans, J Tamisiea, ME Wada, Y Wake, LM de Wal, RSW AF Gregory, J. M. White, N. J. Church, J. A. Bierkens, M. F. P. Box, J. E. van den Broeke, M. R. Cogley, J. G. Fettweis, X. Hanna, E. Huybrechts, P. Konikow, L. F. Leclercq, P. W. Marzeion, B. Oerlemans, J. Tamisiea, M. E. Wada, Y. Wake, L. M. van de Wal, R. S. W. TI Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of the Parts? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE Sea level; In situ oceanic observations; Ship observations; Surface observations; Climate models; Land surface model ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; WEST GREENLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIER CONTRIBUTION; MOUNTAIN GLACIERS; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Confidence in projections of global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) depends on an ability to account for GMSLR during the twentieth century. There are contributions from ocean thermal expansion, mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets, groundwater extraction, and reservoir impoundment. Progress has been made toward solving the enigma of twentieth-century GMSLR, which is that the observed GMSLR has previously been found to exceed the sum of estimated contributions, especially for the earlier decades. The authors propose the following: thermal expansion simulated by climate models may previously have been underestimated because of their not including volcanic forcing in their control state; the rate of glacier mass loss was larger than previously estimated and was not smaller in the first half than in the second half of the century; the Greenland ice sheet could have made a positive contribution throughout the century; and groundwater depletion and reservoir impoundment, which are of opposite sign, may have been approximately equal in magnitude. It is possible to reconstruct the time series of GMSLR from the quantified contributions, apart from a constant residual term, which is small enough to be explained as a long-term contribution from the Antarctic ice sheet. The reconstructions account for the observation that the rate of GMSLR was not much larger during the last 50 years than during the twentieth century as a whole, despite the increasing anthropogenic forcing. Semiempirical methods for projecting GMSLR depend on the existence of a relationship between global climate change and the rate of GMSLR, but the implication of the authors' closure of the budget is that such a relationship is weak or absent during the twentieth century. C1 [Gregory, J. M.] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Gregory, J. M.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [White, N. J.; Church, J. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CAWCR, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bierkens, M. F. P.; Wada, Y.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bierkens, M. F. P.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Box, J. E.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Box, J. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [van den Broeke, M. R.; Fettweis, X.; Leclercq, P. W.; Oerlemans, J.; van de Wal, R. S. W.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Cogley, J. G.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Fettweis, X.] Univ Liege, Dept Geog, Liege, Belgium. [Hanna, E.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Huybrechts, P.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [Huybrechts, P.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Geog, Brussels, Belgium. [Konikow, L. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Marzeion, B.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, Ctr Climate & Cryosphere, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Tamisiea, M. E.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Wake, L. M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Gregory, JM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Meteorol Bldg,POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM j.m.gregory@reading.ac.uk RI Church, John/A-1541-2012; van de wal, roderik/D-1705-2011; Wada, Yoshihide/F-3595-2012; Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; Hanna, Edward/H-2219-2016; Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; Marzeion, Ben/G-6514-2013; OI Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Wada, Yoshihide/0000-0003-4770-2539; Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Hanna, Edward/0000-0002-8683-182X; Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644; Marzeion, Ben/0000-0002-6185-3539; Fettweis, Xavier/0000-0002-4140-3813 FU European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), ERC, project "Seachange" [247220]; Australian Climate Change Science Program FX We are grateful to Manfred Wenzel and Jens Schroter, Richard Ray and Bruce Douglas, Svetlana Jevrejeva and her colleagues, and Ben Chao and his colleagues for kindly making their datasets available. We thank Ian Allison, Christopher Bernhardt, Mark Hemer, Walter Munk, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the paper. We acknowledge the modeling groups for making their AOGCM output available as part of the CMIP3 multi-model dataset and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving these data. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC grant agreement 247220, project "Seachange." This paper is a contribution to the Australian Climate Change Research Program; JAC and NJW were partly funded by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. NR 132 TC 74 Z9 73 U1 9 U2 106 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 26 IS 13 BP 4476 EP 4499 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175UL UT WOS:000321259000006 ER PT J AU Wolf, KL Noe, GB Ahn, C AF Wolf, Kristin L. Noe, Gregory B. Ahn, Changwoo TI Hydrologic Connectivity to Streams Increases Nitrogen and Phosphorus Inputs and Cycling in Soils of Created and Natural Floodplain Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; RIPARIAN WETLANDS; RIVERINE WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; MITIGATION; QUALITY; NUTRIENTS AB Greater connectivity to stream surface water may result in greater inputs of allochthonous nutrients that could stimulate internal nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in natural, restored, and created riparian wetlands. This study investigated the effects of hydrologic connectivity to stream water on soil nutrient fluxes in plots (n = 20) located among four created and two natural freshwater wetlands of varying hydrology in the Piedmont physiographic province of Virginia. Surface water was slightly deeper; hydrologic inputs of sediment, sediment-N, and ammonium were greater; and soil net ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover were greater in plots with stream water classified as their primary water source compared with plots with precipitation or groundwater as their primary water source. Soil water-filled pore space, inputs of nitrate, and soil net nitrification, P mineralization, and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) were similar among plots. Soil ammonification, N mineralization, and N turnover rates increased with the loading rate of ammonium to the soil surface. Phosphorus mineralization and ammonification also increased with sedimentation and sediment-N loading rate. Nitrification flux and DEA were positively associated in these wetlands. In conclusion, hydrologic connectivity to stream water increased allochthonous inputs that stimulated soil N and P cycling and that likely led to greater retention of sediment and nutrients in created and natural wetlands. Our findings suggest that wetland creation and restoration projects should be designed to allow connectivity with stream water if the goal is to optimize the function of water quality improvement in a watershed. C1 [Wolf, Kristin L.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wolf, Kristin L.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dep Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis; USGS National Research Programs; USGS-NIWR; Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund; Society of Wetlands Scientists; Washington Field Biologist Club; Cosmos Foundation FX The authors thank Nicholas Ostroski, Russel Fielding, and Hannah McFarland for help with data collection; Elizabeth Jones and the Voytek microbiology lab for use of their equipment for this project; Thomas Hein, Katie Skalak, and anonymous reviewers for help in improving the manuscript; and Wetland Solutions and Studies, Inc. and Angler Environmental for use of their wetlands. This study was supported by the USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, USGS Hydrologic Networks and Analysis, and USGS National Research Programs and funding from a USGS-NIWR Grant, Jeffress Memorial Trust Fund, the Society of Wetlands Scientists, the Washington Field Biologist Club, and the Cosmos Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 101 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1255 DI 10.2134/jeq2012.0466 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183NH UT WOS:000321822300031 PM 24216376 ER PT J AU Chung-Davidson, YW Priess, MC Yeh, CY Brant, CO Johnson, NS Li, K Nanlohy, KG Bryan, MB Brown, CT Choi, J Li, WM AF Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen Priess, M. Cody Yeh, Chu-Yin Brant, Cory O. Johnson, Nicholas S. Li, Ke Nanlohy, Kaben G. Bryan, Mara B. Brown, C. Titus Choi, Jongeun Li, Weiming TI A thermogenic secondary sexual character in male sea lamprey SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon marinus; electron transport chain; sea lamprey; sexual character; thermogenic; uncoupling protein ID MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; GENOME; FAT; RECEPTOR; MAMMALS; ORIGIN AB Secondary sexual characters in animals are exaggerated ornaments or weapons for intrasexual competition. Unexpectedly, we found that a male secondary sexual character in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a thermogenic adipose tissue that instantly increases its heat production during sexual encounters. This secondary sexual character, developed in front of the anterior dorsal fin of mature males, is a swollen dorsal ridge known as the 'rope' tissue. It contains nerve bundles, multivacuolar adipocytes and interstitial cells packed with small lipid droplets and mitochondria with dense and highly organized cristae. The fatty acid composition of the rope tissue is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The cytochrome c oxidase activity is high but the ATP concentration is very low in the mitochondria of the rope tissue compared with those of the gill and muscle tissues. The rope tissue temperature immediately rose up to 0.3 degrees C when the male encountered a conspecific. Mature males generated more heat in the rope and muscle tissues when presented with a mature female than when presented with a male (paired t-test, P<0.05). On average, the rope generated 0.027 +/- 0.013 W cm(-3) more heat than the muscle in 10 min. Transcriptome analyses revealed that genes involved in fat cell differentiation are upregulated whereas those involved in oxidative-phosphorylation-coupled ATP synthesis are downregulated in the rope tissue compared with the gill and muscle tissues. Sexually mature male sea lamprey possess the only known thermogenic secondary sexual character that shows differential heat generation toward individual conspecifics. C1 [Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen; Brant, Cory O.; Johnson, Nicholas S.; Li, Ke; Nanlohy, Kaben G.; Bryan, Mara B.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Priess, M. Cody; Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yeh, Chu-Yin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Physiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brown, C. Titus] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brown, C. Titus] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Choi, Jongeun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM liweim@msu.edu RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Nanlohy, Kaben/0000-0003-3752-7968; Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen/0000-0001-5784-2653; Brown, C. Titus/0000-0001-6001-2677 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; US National Institute of General Medical Sciences [5R24GM83982]; US National Science Foundation [IOB 0517491] FX This study is supported by grants from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant number 5R24GM83982) and the US National Science Foundation (grant number IOB 0517491) to W. L. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 216 IS 14 BP 2702 EP 2712 DI 10.1242/jeb.085746 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 172FN UT WOS:000320985500023 PM 23804672 ER PT J AU Zurlini, G Petrosillo, I Jones, KB Zaccarelli, N AF Zurlini, Giovanni Petrosillo, Irene Jones, K. Bruce Zaccarelli, Nicola TI Highlighting order and disorder in social-ecological landscapes to foster adaptive capacity and sustainability SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spectral entropy; Order and disorder; Adaptive capacity; Sustainability; NDVI-related indices ID LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MULTIPLE SCALES; RESILIENCE; SCIENCE; DISTURBANCE; COMPLEXITY; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS AB Landscape sustainability can be considered in terms of order and disorder, where order implies causality, well-defined boundaries and predictable outcomes, while disorder implies uncertain causality, shifting boundaries and often-unpredictable outcomes. We address the interplay of order and disorder in social-ecological landscapes (SELs) using spatiotemporal analysis of entropy-related indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index time-series. These indices can provide insights for complex systems analysis for the evaluation of adaptive capacity in SELs. In particular, our overarching aim is to help interpret what an increase of order/disorder means with regards to SELs and the underlying drivers and causes of conditions in SELs. The approach can be used to increase spatially explicit anticipatory capability in environmental science and natural resource management based on how the system has responded to stress in the past. Such capability is crucial to address SEL adaptive capacity and for sustainable planning given that surprises may increase as a consequence of both climate change and multiple interacting anthropogenic stressors. These advancements should greatly contribute to the application of spatial resilience strategies in general, and to sustainable landscape planning in particular, and for the spatially explicit adaptive comanagement of ecosystem services. C1 [Zurlini, Giovanni; Petrosillo, Irene; Zaccarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, I-73100 Lecce, LE, Italy. [Jones, K. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Petrosillo, I (reprint author), Univ Salento, Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Ecotekne Campus,Str Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, LE, Italy. EM irene.petrosillo@unisalento.it RI Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 90 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1173 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9763-y PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 175UZ UT WOS:000321260400014 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Zurlini, G Kienast, F Petrosillo, I Edwards, T Wade, TG Li, BL Zaccarelli, N AF Jones, K. Bruce Zurlini, Giovanni Kienast, Felix Petrosillo, Irene Edwards, Thomas Wade, Timothy G. Li, Bai-lian Zaccarelli, Nicola TI Informing landscape planning and design for sustaining ecosystem services from existing spatial patterns and knowledge SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Landscape gradients; Landscape pattern; Ecosystem services; Adaptive management ID LAND-COVER DATA; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS; POPULATION-GENETICS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; RIPARIAN BUFFERS AB Over the last decade we have seen an increased emphasis in environmental management and policies aimed at maintaining and restoring multiple ecosystem services at landscape scales. This emphasis has resulted from the recognition that management of specific environmental targets and ecosystem services requires an understanding of landscape processes and the spatial scales that maintain those targets and services. Moreover, we have become increasingly aware of the influence of broad-scale drivers such as climate change on landscape processes and the ecosystem services they support. Studies and assessments on the relative success of environmental policies and landscape designs in maintaining landscape processes and ecosystem services is mostly lacking. This likely reflects the relatively high cost of maintaining a commitment to implement and maintain monitoring programs that document responses of landscape processes and ecosystem services to different landscape policies and designs. However, we argue that there is considerable variation in natural and human-caused landscape pattern at local to continental scales and that this variation may facilitate analyses of how environmental targets and ecosystem services have responded to such patterns. Moreover, wall-to-wall spatial data on land cover and land use at national scales may permit characterization and mapping of different landscape pattern gradients. We discuss four broad and interrelated focus areas that should enhance our understanding of how landscape pattern influences ecosystem services: (1) characterizing and mapping landscape pattern gradients; (2) quantifying relationships between landscape patterns and environmental targets and ecosystem services, (3) evaluating landscape patterns with regards to multiple ecosystem services, and (4) applying adaptive management concepts to improve the effectiveness of specific landscape designs in sustaining ecosystem services. We discuss opportunities as well as challenges in each of these four areas. We believe that this agenda could lead to spatially explicit solutions in managing a range of environmental targets and ecosystem services. Spatially explicit options are critical in managing and protecting landscapes, especially given that communities and organizations are often limited in their capacity to make changes at landscape scales. The issues and potential solutions discussed in this paper expand upon the call by Nassauer and Opdam (Landscape Ecol 23:633-644, 2008) to include design as a fundamental element in landscape ecology research by evaluating natural and human-caused (planned or designed) landscape patterns and their influence on ecosystem services. It also expands upon the idea of "learning by doing" to include "learning from what has already been done.". C1 [Jones, K. Bruce] Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Zurlini, Giovanni; Petrosillo, Irene; Zaccarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Kienast, Felix] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Landscape Ecol Grp WSL ETHZ, CH-03 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Edwards, Thomas] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch E243 05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Li, Bai-lian] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Nat & Agriculural Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 755 East Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM crocodylus@aol.com RI Kienast, Felix/L-3536-2013; Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 175 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 13 U2 177 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1175 EP 1192 DI 10.1007/s10980-012-9794-4 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 175UZ UT WOS:000321260400015 ER PT J AU Nielson, RM Evans, TJ Stahl, MB AF Nielson, Ryan M. Evans, Thomas J. Stahl, Michelle Bourassa TI Investigating the potential use of aerial line transect surveys for estimating polar bear abundance in sea ice habitats: A case study for the Chukchi Sea SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chukchi Sea; distance sampling; line transect; polar bear; Ursus maritimus; population size; resource selection; sea ice; stratification ID CLIMATE; SIZE AB The expense of traditional capture-recapture methods, interest in less invasive survey methods, and the circumpolar decline of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) habitat require evaluation of alternative methods for monitoring polar bear populations. Aerial line transect distance sampling (DS) surveys are thought to be a promising monitoring tool. However, low densities and few observations during a survey can result in low precision, and logistical constraints such as heavy ice and fuel and safety limitations may restrict survey coverage. We used simulations to investigate the accuracy and precision of, DS for estimating polar bear abundance in sea ice habitats, using the Chukchi Sea subpopulation as an example. Simulation parameters were informed from a recent pilot survey. Predictions from a resource selection model were used for stratification, and we compared two ratio estimators to account for areas that cannot be sampled. The ratio estimator using predictions of resource selection by polar bears allowed for extrapolation beyond sampled areas and provided results with low bias and CVs ranging from 21% to 36% when abundance was >1,000. These techniques could be applied to other DS surveys to allocate effort and potentially extrapolate estimates to include portions of the landscape that are logistically impossible to survey. C1 [Nielson, Ryan M.; Stahl, Michelle Bourassa] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Evans, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nielson, RM (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 200 S 2nd St,Suite B, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM rnielson@west-inc.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00574.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 179CP UT WOS:000321496100010 ER PT J AU Bowker, JD Carty, D Trushenski, JT Bowman, MP Wandelear, N Matthews, M AF Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel Trushenski, Jesse T. Bowman, Molly P. Wandelear, Niccole Matthews, Michael TI Controlling Mortality Caused by External Columnaris in Largemouth Bass and Bluegill with Chloramine-T or Hydrogen Peroxide SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; REARED SALMONIDS; FISH CULTURE; EFFICACY; DISINFECTANTS; INFESTATIONS; INFECTION; TOXICITY AB Columnaris (causative agent, Flavobacterium columnare) is a widespread fish disease of concern among fish culturists in the USA. If left untreated, an entire population of fish may become infected, and morbidity and mortality may reach high levels. In virtually all instances, columnaris outbreaks require intervention to prevent significant losses. A number of sanitizing agents, most notably chloramine-T (CLT) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), have been used to control mortality associated with a variety of bacterial pathogens causing external infections. However, the majority of trials conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of these chemicals, thereby gaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for their use in treating fish infected with columnaris, have been conducted on salmonids. Accordingly, we conducted seven experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of CLT or HP to control mortality associated with external columnaris in Florida Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Treatment with CLT or HP significantly reduced cumulative mortality in five of the seven experiments. Cumulative mortality was strongly correlated to pretreatment mortality in treated and control tanks in the five Largemouth Bass experiments, suggesting that intervention at later stages of columnaris progression may result in less favorable outcomes. Odds ratios calculated for individual experiments indicated varying degrees of success in controlling mortality; however, meta-analysis of all experiments indicated treatment with either CLT or HP significantly increased probability of survival, regardless of fish species or test article. These results demonstrate that both chemicals can be effective in controlling mortality associated with external columnaris in Largemouth Bass and Bluegills and that timely treatment of fish will likely result in lower overall mortality. Received December 7, 2012; accepted March 4, 2013 C1 [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel; Bowman, Molly P.; Wandelear, Niccole] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Trushenski, Jesse T.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Anim Sci Food & Nutr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Matthews, Michael] Richloam Fish Hatchery, Florida Bass Conservat Ctr, Webster, FL 33597 USA. RP Bowker, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM jim_bowker@fws.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 3 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.783521 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 180PV UT WOS:000321608000002 ER PT J AU Matthews, MD Bowker, JD Carty, DG Wandelear, N Bowman, MP Sakmar, JC Childress, K AF Matthews, Michael D. Bowker, James D. Carty, Daniel G. Wandelear, Niccole Bowman, Molly P. Sakmar, Joshua C. Childress, Katherine TI Efficacy of Aquaflor (50% Florfenicol)-Medicated Feed to Control Mortality Associated with Flavobacterium columnare Infection in Florida Largemouth Bass and Bluegill SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; SALMO-SALAR L; CHANNEL CATFISH; ATLANTIC SALMON; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; SUNSHINE BASS AB Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% with/without) is a potent, broad-spectrum, antibacterial agent with bacteriostatic properties that are active against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This product is approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for use on several fish species to control mortality associated with a variety of diseases, including columnaris (causative agent, Flavobacterium columnare). Two independent experimental trials were separately conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquaflor to control mortality associated with columnaris disease. Aquaflor was administered in feed at a targeted daily florfenicol dosage of 10mg/kg of body weight for 10 consecutive days. Test species were fingerling Florida Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. In each trial, 8 or 10 test tanks (4 or 5 treated, 4 or 5 control) were stocked with either approximately 473 bass (mean length = 6.4mm; mean weight = 3.3g) or 100 Bluegills (length = 10.3; weight = 25.2g). At the end of the 14-d posttreatment periods, mean cumulative mortality of bass in treated tanks was 5.7% per tank, which was significantly less than that in control tanks (12.0%). Mean cumulative mortality of Bluegills in treated tanks was 19% per tank, which was significantly less than that in control tanks (38%). Analysis of treated feed samples at the start of each trial verified the initial targeted dose of florfenicol was within 11% of the target dose for both bass and Bluegills. Based on these results, we concluded that Aquaflor-medicated feed homogeneously mixed to provide florfenicol at a daily dose of10mg/kg of body weight fed for 10 d was effective in controlling mortality in bass and Bluegill fingerlings, exposed to columnaris disease. Received October 31, 2012; accepted March 5, 2013 C1 [Matthews, Michael D.; Sakmar, Joshua C.; Childress, Katherine] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Bass Conservat Ctr, Webster, FL 33597 USA. [Bowker, James D.; Carty, Daniel G.; Wandelear, Niccole; Bowman, Molly P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Matthews, MD (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Bass Conservat Ctr, 3583 Cty Rd 788, Webster, FL 33597 USA. EM michael.matthews@myfwc.com FU Merck Animal Heath FX We thank Denise Petty for her consultation in bacterial identification and Richard Endris for his critical review of the manuscript. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Finally we thank Palma Jordan (Merck Animal Heath) for providing funding for publication of this manuscript and Rick Stout and staff at the FBCC for providing the study fish for both trials. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.786006 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 180PV UT WOS:000321608000008 ER PT J AU Hill, H Twibell, R Conway, J Gannam, A Seals, J AF Hill, Heidi Twibell, Ronald Conway, Jeff Gannam, Ann Seals, John TI Influence of Lineage, Broodstock Conditioning, and Hormone Injection on Gila Trout Reproductive Success and Egg Fatty Acid Composition SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FAMILY GROWTH-RESPONSE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH-MEAL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPAWNING SEASON; TELEOST FISH; TRADE-OFF; QUALITY; LIPIDS; DIETS AB Successful reproduction of captive-reared fishes depends on hatchery practices and proper broodstock nutrition. Nutrient requirements and environmental conditions stimulating reproductive development are unknown for many threatened and endangered species and may differ between lineages within species. Accordingly, prior to spawning, Main Diamond Gila Trout Oncorhynchus gilae broodstock were exposed to different thermal cycles and hormonal injection to improve reproductive success. Additionally, egg fatty acid composition and hatching success of Main and South Diamond Gila Trout were evaluated to determine the extent of phenotypic differences between lineages. Thermal conditioning of broodstock accompanied with injections of exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) prior to spawning improved progeny survival over historic hatchery means as well as means for broodstock reared in raceways at constant temperatures without LHRHa. Egg n-6 fatty acid content appears to be associated with this improvement. Eggs from Main and South Diamond broodstock fed the same feeds had similar hatch rates but could be differentiated on the basis of fatty acid profile. Future trials should further evaluate the influence of dietary fatty acids on egg deposition and hatch rate, while acknowledging that changes in reproductive performance may differ across lineages. Broodstocks should continue to be conditioned with thermal cycling and use of LHRHa to induce ovulation, as these techniques resulted in significantly better hatch rates in the current study than use of only photoperiod manipulation to stimulate reproductive development. Received September 11, 2012; accepted March 14, 2013 C1 [Hill, Heidi; Twibell, Ronald; Gannam, Ann] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Conway, Jeff; Seals, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora Natl Fish Hatchery, Mora, NM 87732 USA. RP Gannam, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM ann_gannam@fws.gov FU Abernathy Fish Technology Center; Mora National Fish Hatchery FX We thank Abernathy Fish Technology Center and Mora National Fish Hatchery for funding to complete this project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. The use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 75 IS 3 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.788591 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 180PV UT WOS:000321608000009 ER PT J AU Haffele, RD Eichholz, MW Dixon, CS AF Haffele, Ryan D. Eichholz, Michael W. Dixon, Cami S. TI Duck Productivity in Restored Species-Rich Native and Species-Poor Non-Native Plantings SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; DENSE NESTING COVER; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; GRASSLAND BIRDS; WATERFOWL PRODUCTION; CANADIAN PARKLANDS; HABITAT SELECTION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SMALL MAMMALS; NORTH-DAKOTA AB Conservation efforts to increase duck production have led the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to restore grasslands with multi-species (3-5) mixtures of introduced cool season vegetation often termed dense nesting cover (DNC). The effectiveness of DNC to increase duck production has been variable, and maintenance of the cover type is expensive. In an effort to decrease the financial and ecological costs (increased carbon emissions from plowing and reseeding) of maintaining DNC and provide a long-term, resilient cover that will support a diversity of grassland fauna, restoration of multi-species (16-32) plantings of native plants has been explored. We investigated the vegetation characteristics, nesting density and nest survival between the 2 aforementioned cover types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA from 2010-2011 to see if restored-native plantings provide similar benefits to nesting hens as DNC. We searched 14 fields (7 DNC, 271 ha; and 7 restored native, 230 ha) locating 3384 nests (1215 in restored-native vegetation and 2169 in DNC) in 2010-2011. Nest survival was similar between cover types in 2010, while DNC had greater survival than native plantings in 2011. Densities of nests adjusted for detection probability were not different between cover types in either year. We found no structural difference in vegetation between cover types in 2010; however, a difference was detected during the late sampling period in 2011 with DNC having deeper litter and taller vegetation. Our results indicate restored-native plantings are able to support similar nesting density as DNC; however, nest survival is more stable between years in DNC. It appears the annual variation in security between cover types goes undetected by hens as hens selected cover types at similar levels both years. C1 [Haffele, Ryan D.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Eichholz, Michael W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Dixon, Cami S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chase Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Woodworth, ND USA. RP Haffele, RD (reprint author), South Dakota Game Fish & Pk, Chamberlain, SD USA. EM ryan.haffele@state.sd.us FU Devils Lake Wetland Management District; North Dakota State Wildlife Grant CFDA [15.634]; Delta Waterfowl Foundation; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale FX Support for this research was provided by the Devils Lake Wetland Management District, a North Dakota State Wildlife Grant CFDA#15.634, the Delta Waterfowl Foundation, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e68603 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0068603 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175ZH UT WOS:000321271900037 PM 23840898 ER PT J AU Diehl, RH AF Diehl, Robert H. TI The airspace is habitat SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Diehl, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rhdiehl@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 7 BP 377 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2013.02.015 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 185VE UT WOS:000321997600001 PM 23506968 ER PT J AU Sauer, MJ Roesler, CS AF Sauer, Michael J. Roesler, Collin S. TI Unraveling phytoplankton optical variability in the Gulf of Maine during the spring and fall transition period SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Maine; Bio-optical variability; Phytoplankton; Size; Absorption ID SPECTRAL ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; ENGLAND CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; COASTAL WATERS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BIOGENOUS MATTER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU; PARTICLES; SEA AB The hydrographic and optical properties in the Gulf of Maine (COM) are controlled by an array of forces operating on local scales such as the distributed river system to global such as the North Atlantic Oscillation. Regional hydrographic and bulk optical relationships, however, are not always in concert revealing that variable forcing mechanisms operate separately on different water column characteristics leading to a complex set of interrelationships that vary on both vertical and horizontal spatial scales. In this study, we examined hydrographic and bio-optical variability during two seasonal surveys with an emphasis on the influence of regional phytoplankton variability on ocean color. GOM component optical variability suggested that the relatively invariant green ocean color of the COM is related to the temporal and spatial invariance of the total absorption signal. This invariance, however, masked both variations in the relative magnitudes of the dissolved and particulate optical components (e.g. CDOM, phytoplankton, and non-algal particles) and the optical variations observed within these components. Component absorption variability between provinces of the GOM and between seasonal surveys was distinct with discernible differences. These temporal and regional differences were due in part to particle type and phytoplankton absorption spectral variability. Variability in phytoplankton size-class dominance in both fall and spring implied that phytoplankton size dependencies develop in response to variability in mixing, stratification, and stability which may occur independently within different regions of the GUM. However, depth dependent photoacclimation was not a driving factor indicating that mixing rates exceeded photoacclimation rates during both cruises. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sauer, Michael J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Ira C Darling Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Roesler, Collin S.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Earth & Oceanog Sci Brunswick, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Sauer, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM msauer@usgs.gov FU NASA [NNX08AU83H] FX Support for M.S. was provided by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX08AU83H). We are grateful to M. Sieracki for the invitation to participate in both field cruises and would like to thank the crews of R.V. Oceanus and Cape Hatteras for their assistance during field operations. We thank H. Franklin and S. Etheridge for their help in field and laboratory data collections. We also thank A. Barnard and J. Werdell for their careful reading and comments on the manuscript. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 61-62 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.04.009 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 173MI UT WOS:000321083200012 ER PT J AU Cerqueira, MC Cohn-Haft, M Vargas, CF Nader, CE Andretti, CB Costa, TVV Sberze, M Hines, JE Ferraz, G AF Cerqueira, Marconi C. Cohn-Haft, Mario Vargas, Claudeir F. Nader, Carlos E. Andretti, Christian B. Costa, Thiago V. V. Sberze, Monica Hines, James E. Ferraz, Goncalo TI Rare or elusive? A test of expert knowledge about rarity of Amazon forest birds SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic sampling; birds; detection; expert knowledge; occupancy; rarity ID HIERARCHICAL BAYES ESTIMATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTINCTION RISK; OCCUPANCY; CONSERVATION; MODELS; ABUNDANCE; JUDGMENT; ECOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY AB Aim To offer a test of expert knowledge about rarity of twenty Amazon forest bird species following an approach that equates rarity with low site occupancy and formally accounts for imperfect species detection. We define ten pairs of closely related species, each pair with one hypothetically common and one hypothetically rare species. Our null hypothesis is that members of each pair have similar occupancy, with hypothesized differences due to detection errors alone. Location A 1000-ha plot of primary rainforest in the central Brazilian Amazon. Methods We visited each of 55 sampling sites multiple times per season for three field seasons and estimated the probability of site occupancy by each species following a maximum likelihood state-space approach that also estimates the probability that a species is present yet undetected at a site. To maximize detection and account for its variation, we employed three different sampling techniques while systematically training and testing observer's ability to recognize species. Results Occupancy estimates agree with expert predictions in all but two species pairs and show no evidence of clear temporal variation in occupancy between sampling seasons. Detection probability had a positive relation with observer ability, a strong relation to time of day across species, and a strong relation with the use of playback for some species. Detection with point counts and with autonomous recorders varied between species pairs. Main conclusions We reject the null hypothesis of equal occupancy within pairs, concluding that expert knowledge on species rarity is useful and worth eliciting. Our results replace qualitative ratings of rarity with statistical estimates of occupancy, establishing a reliable baseline for future comparisons. Besides illustrating the relevance of expert knowledge, this application to Amazonian birds illustrates a flexible approach that can be used for testing knowledge about rarity for a variety of species groups and spatial scales. C1 [Costa, Thiago V. V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Costa, Thiago V. V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Hines, James E.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Ferraz, Goncalo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 084303092, Panama. RP Ferraz, G (reprint author), Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, CP 478,Av Andre Araujo, BR-29366908 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM ferrazg@si.edu RI Costa, Thiago/F-7931-2013; Ferraz, Goncalo/C-3860-2008; Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016; OI Ferraz, Goncalo/0000-0001-8748-0462; Campos-Cerqueira, Marconi/0000-0001-6561-5864 FU Brazil's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; State of Amazonas Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa (FAPEAM) FX We are thankful to Angela Pacheco, Thiago Orsi, Gisiane Rodrigues, Jefferson Valsko, Marcelo dos Santos, Catherine Bechtoldt, JoaoVitor Campos e Silva, Mariana Tolentino, Francisco Villa-Marin and Andre Zumak for their help with bird sampling and gracious submission to bird sound memory tests. Fieldwork was made lighter by Eduarda Benicio's cooking and Jairo Lopes' assistance. MCC was supported by a M.Sc. grant from Brazil's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and equipment donations by Idea Wild and Birders' Exchange. Field expenses were paid by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the State of Amazonas Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa (FAPEAM). This is contribution 605 of the BDFFP technical series and contribution 25 of the INPA Scientific Collections Amazonian Ornithology series. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 19 IS 7 BP 710 EP 721 DI 10.1111/ddi.12033 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HU UT WOS:000320327500006 ER PT J AU Wood, DA Vandergast, AG Barr, KR Inman, RD Esque, TC Nussear, KE Fisher, RN AF Wood, Dustin A. Vandergast, Amy G. Barr, Kelly R. Inman, Rich D. Esque, Todd C. Nussear, Kenneth E. Fisher, Robert N. TI Comparative phylogeography reveals deep lineages and regional evolutionary hotspots in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; conservation planning; desert southwest; evolutionary potential; genetic diversity ID NORTH-AMERICAN DESERTS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-GROWTH; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NEOGENE VICARIANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIATION AB Aim We explored lineage diversification within desert-dwelling fauna. Our goals were (1) to determine whether phylogenetic lineages and population expansions were consistent with younger Pleistocene climate fluctuation hypotheses or much older events predicted by pre-Pleistocene vicariance hypotheses, (2) to assess concordance in spatial patterns of genetic divergence and diversity among species and (3) to identify regional evolutionary hotspots of divergence and diversity and assess their conservation status. Location Mojave, Colorado, and Sonoran Deserts, USA. Methods We analysed previously published gene sequence data for twelve species. We used Bayesian gene tree methods to estimate lineages and divergence times. Within each lineage, we tested for population expansion and age of expansion using coalescent approaches. We mapped interpopulation genetic divergence and intra-population genetic diversity in a GIS to identify hotspots of highest genetic divergence and diversity and to assess whether protected lands overlapped with evolutionary hotspots. Results In seven of the 12 species, lineage divergence substantially predated the Pleistocene. Historical population expansion was found in eight species, but expansion events postdated the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in only four. For all species assessed, six hotspots of high genetic divergence and diversity were concentrated in the Colorado Desert, along the Colorado River and in the Mojave/Sonoran ecotone. At least some proportion of the land within each recovered hotspot was categorized as protected, yet four of the six also overlapped with major areas of human development. Main conclusions Most of the species studied here diversified into distinct Mojave and Sonoran lineages prior to the LGM - supporting older diversification hypotheses. Several evolutionary hotspots were recovered but are not strategically paired with areas of protected land. Long-term preservation of species-level biodiversity would entail selecting areas for protection in Mojave and Sonoran Deserts to retain divergent genetic diversity and ensure connectedness across environmental gradients. C1 [Wood, Dustin A.; Vandergast, Amy G.; Barr, Kelly R.; Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Inman, Rich D.; Esque, Todd C.; Nussear, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Wood, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM dawood@usgs.gov RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012; OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571; Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 FU Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank M. Hedin, J. Jaeger, T. Jezkova, A. Leache, D. Leavitt, J. McGuire, D. Mulcahy, J. Patton, and T. Reeder for providing genetic data. This work was supported by the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 100 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 19 IS 7 BP 722 EP 737 DI 10.1111/ddi.12022 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 163HU UT WOS:000320327500007 ER PT J AU Beck, MW Vondracek, B Hatch, LK Vinje, J AF Beck, Marcus W. Vondracek, Bruce Hatch, Lorin K. Vinje, Jason TI Semi-automated analysis of high-resolution aerial images to quantify docks in glacial lakes SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Aquatic resources; Docks; Object-based image analysis; Shoreline development; Unsupervised classification ID RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT GRADIENT; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTH TEMPERATE LAKES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MINNESOTA LAKES; FLOATING-LEAF; LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATIONS; VEGETATION AB Lake resources can be negatively affected by environmental stressors originating from multiple sources and different spatial scales. Shoreline development, in particular, can negatively affect lake resources through decline in habitat quality, physical disturbance, and impacts on fisheries. The development of remote sensing techniques that efficiently characterize shoreline development in a regional context could greatly improve management approaches for protecting and restoring lake resources. The goal of this study was to develop an approach using high-resolution aerial photographs to quantify and assess docks as indicators of shoreline development. First, we describe a dock analysis workflow that can be used to quantify the spatial extent of docks using aerial images. Our approach incorporates pixel-based classifiers with object-based techniques to effectively analyze high-resolution digital imagery. Second, we apply the analysis workflow to quantify docks for 4261 lakes managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Overall accuracy of the analysis results was 98.4% (87.7% based on (K) over cap) after manual post-processing. The analysis workflow was also 74% more efficient than the time required for manual digitization of docks. These analyses have immediate relevance for resource planning in Minnesota, whereas the dock analysis workflow could be used to quantify shoreline development in other regions with comparable imagery. These data can also be used to better understand the effects of shoreline development on aquatic resources and to evaluate the effects of shoreline development relative to other stressors. (C) 2013 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS) Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Marcus W.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatch, Lorin K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vinje, Jason] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, Detroit Lakes, MN 56501 USA. RP Beck, MW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM beckx266@umn.edu; bvondrac@umn.edu; Lorin.Hatch@hdrinc.com; jlvinje@umn.edu FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources using Clean Water Legacy funds appropriated by the Minnesota Legislature. Study design, data analysis, interpretation, writing, and decision to submit the manuscript for publication were sole responsibilities of the authors. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 81 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.006 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 168YB UT WOS:000320742800006 ER PT J AU Burgess, OT Pine, WE Walsh, SJ AF Burgess, O. T. Pine, W. E., III Walsh, S. J. TI IMPORTANCE OF FLOODPLAIN CONNECTIVITY TO FISH POPULATIONS IN THE APALACHICOLA RIVER, FLORIDA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river; floodplain; spawning; seasonal flooding ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; KISSIMMEE RIVER; DANUBE RIVER; RESTORATION; HABITAT; SYSTEM; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM; STREAM; LAKES AB Floodplain habitats provide critical spawning and rearing habitats for many large-river fishes. The paradigm that floodplains are essential habitats is often a key reason for restoring altered rivers to natural flow regimes. However, few studies have documented spatial and temporal utilization of floodplain habitats by adult fish of sport or commercial management interest or assessed obligatory access to floodplain habitats for species' persistence. In this study, we applied telemetry techniques to examine adult fish movements between floodplain and mainstem habitats, paired with intensive light trap sampling of larval fish in these same habitats, to assess the relationships between riverine flows and fish movement and spawning patterns in restored and unmodified floodplain distributaries of the Apalachicola River, Florida. Our intent is to inform resource managers on the relationships between the timing, magnitude and duration of flow events and fish spawning as part of river management actions. Our results demonstrate spawning by all study species in floodplain and mainstem river habitat types, apparent migratory movements of some species between these habitats, and distinct spawning events for each study species on the basis of fish movement patterns and light trap catches. Additionally, Micropterus spp., Lepomis spp. and, to a lesser degree, Minytrema melanops used floodplain channel habitat that was experimentally reconnected to the mainstem within a few weeks of completing the restoration. This result is of interest to managers assessing restoration activities to reconnect these habitats as part of riverine restoration programmes globally. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Burgess, O. T.] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pine, W. E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Walsh, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Pine, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM billpine@ufl.edu FU University of Florida; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX This paper is dedicated in memory of Rich Cailteux, scholar and friend, who researched fish populations in these river systems for many years. We would like to thank the University of Florida, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, US Geological Survey, and US Fish and Wildlife Service for their financial, logistical and administrative support. We are especially grateful to Charlie Mesing for his dedicated assistance during all phases of this study. Special thanks go to Joann Mossa and Tom Frazer whose early revisions improved this manuscript. We would also like to thank Elissa Buttermore, Ed Camp, Kevin Johnson, Drew Dutterer, Jared Flowers, Colin Hutton, Matt Lauretta, Lauren Marcinkiewicz, Darren Pecora and Jake Tetzlaff for their help in collecting data and analysing samples. The authors have no conflicts of interest related to the publication of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 718 EP 733 DI 10.1002/rra.2567 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 176TE UT WOS:000321327000004 ER PT J AU Peterson, RC Jennings, CA Peterson, JT AF Peterson, Rebecca Cull Jennings, Cecil A. Peterson, James T. TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RIVER DISCHARGE AND ABUNDANCE OF AGE 0 REDHORSES (MOXOSTOMA SPP.) IN THE OCONEE RIVER, GEORGIA, USA, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ROBUST REDHORSE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AIC; Catostomidae; age 0 fishes; notchlip redhorse; robust redhorse; river discharge ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; SPAWNING HABITAT; FISH; PROBABILITY; WATER; BASS AB Robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) and notchlip redhorse (M. collapsum) are two species of redhorses that reside in the lower Oconee River, Georgia. Robust redhorse is listed as a state endangered species in Georgia and North Carolina, and attempts to investigate factors affecting its reproductive success have met with limited success. Therefore, catch of robust redhorse young were combined with catch of notchlip redhorse to increase sample size. These congeners with similar spawning repertoire were assumed to respond similarly to environmental conditions. River discharge during spawning and rearing seasons may affect abundance of both redhorses in the lower Oconee River. An information-theoretic approach was used to evaluate the relative support of models relating abundance of age 0 redhorses to monthly discharge statistics that represented magnitude, timing, duration, variability and frequency of river discharge events for April through June 1995-2006. The best-approximating model indicated a negative relationship between the abundance of redhorses and mean maximum river discharge and the number of high pulses during June as well as a positive relationship with intermediate duration of low flows during April-June. This model is 9.6 times more plausible than the next best-fitting model, which revealed a negative relationship between the abundance of redhorses and mean maximum river discharge during May and the number of high pulses during June as well as a positive relationship between abundance and intermediate duration of low flows during April-June. Management implications from the results indicate low-stable flows for at least a 2-week period during spawning and rearing may increase reproductive success of robust and notchlip redhorses. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Peterson, Rebecca Cull] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jennings, Cecil A.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Jennings@warnell.uga.edu FU Georgia Power Company [25-21-RC295-387, 25-21-RC295-539, 20-21-RR272-064]; USGS; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors thank Diarra Mosley, Tavis McLean and Steve Zimpfer for help with field and laboratory work. Colin Shea provided a preliminary review of this article. This work was completed as an adjunct to work funded by Georgia Power Company (grant nos. 25-21-RC295-387, 25-21-RC295-539 and 20-21-RR272-064). The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the USGS, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1002/rra.2566 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 176TE UT WOS:000321327000005 ER PT J AU Eng, K Carlisle, DM Wolock, DM Falcone, JA AF Eng, K. Carlisle, D. M. Wolock, D. M. Falcone, J. A. TI PREDICTING THE LIKELIHOOD OF ALTERED STREAMFLOWS AT UNGAUGED RIVERS ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE human alterations; land use; urbanization; dams; altered flows ID NATURAL FLOW REGIME; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RANDOM FORESTS; LAND-USE; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; BASIN AB An approach is presented in this study to aid water-resource managers in characterizing streamflow alteration at ungauged rivers. Such approaches can be used to take advantage of the substantial amounts of biological data collected at ungauged rivers to evaluate the potential ecological consequences of altered streamflows. National-scale random forest statistical models are developed to predict the likelihood that ungauged rivers have altered streamflows (relative to expected natural condition) for five hydrologic metrics (HMs) representing different aspects of the streamflow regime. The models use human disturbance variables, such as number of dams and road density, to predict the likelihood of streamflow alteration. For each HM, separate models are derived to predict the likelihood that the observed metric is greater than (inflated') or less than (diminished') natural conditions. The utility of these models is demonstrated by applying them to all river segments in the South Platte River in Colorado, USA, and for all 10-digit hydrologic units in the conterminous United States. In general, the models successfully predicted the likelihood of alteration to the five HMs at the national scale as well as in the South Platte River basin. However, the models predicting the likelihood of diminished HMs consistently outperformed models predicting inflated HMs, possibly because of fewer sites across the conterminous United States where HMs are inflated. The results of these analyses suggest that the primary predictors of altered streamflow regimes across the Nation are (i) the residence time of annual runoff held in storage in reservoirs, (ii) the degree of urbanization measured by road density and (iii) the extent of agricultural land cover in the river basin. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Eng, K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Carlisle, D. M.; Falcone, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wolock, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM keng@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1002/rra.2565 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 176TE UT WOS:000321327000008 ER PT J AU Ballmer, S Wolfe, CJ Okubo, PG Haney, MM Thurber, CH AF Ballmer, Silke Wolfe, Cecily J. Okubo, Paul G. Haney, Matthew M. Thurber, Clifford H. TI Ambient seismic noise interferometry in Hawai'i reveals long-range observability of volcanic tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; Volcano seismology; Wave propagation; Volcano monitoring ID LA-FOURNAISE VOLCANO; PITON; WAVES; OCEAN; TIME; LOCATION AB The use of seismic noise interferometry to retrieve Green's functions and the analysis of volcanic tremor are both useful in studying volcano dynamics. Whereas seismic noise interferometry allows long-range extraction of interpretable signals from a relatively weak noise wavefield, the characterization of volcanic tremor often requires a dense seismic array close to the source. We here show that standard processing of seismic noise interferometry yields volcanic tremor signals observable over large distances exceeding 50 km. Our study comprises 2.5 yr of data from the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory short period seismic network. Examining more than 700 station pairs, we find anomalous and temporally coherent signals that obscure the Green's functions. The time windows and frequency bands of these anomalous signals correspond well with the characteristics of previously studied volcanic tremor sources at Pu'u ''o and Halema'uma'u craters. We use the derived noise cross-correlation functions to perform a grid-search for source location, confirming that these signals are surface waves originating from the known tremor sources. A grid-search with only distant stations verifies that useful tremor signals can indeed be recovered far from the source. Our results suggest that the specific data processing in seismic noise interferometry-typically used for Green's function retrieval-can aid in the study of both the wavefield and source location of volcanic tremor over large distances. In view of using the derived Green's functions to image heterogeneity and study temporal velocity changes at volcanic regions, however, our results illustrate how care should be taken when contamination by tremor may be present. C1 [Ballmer, Silke] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wolfe, Cecily J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wolfe, Cecily J.] USGS, Earthquake Hazards Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Okubo, Paul G.] USGS, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Haney, Matthew M.] USGS, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Thurber, Clifford H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ballmer, S (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM silke7@hawaii.edu FU NSF (University of Wisconsin) [EAR-0712864, EAR-0910352]; NSF (University of Hawaii) [EAR-0910469]; USGS HVO; DAAD-Doktorandenstipendium [D/11/42140] FX This project was funded by NSF (University of Wisconsin award EAR-0712864 (data acquisition) and EAR-0910352; University of Hawaii award EAR-0910469), a fellowship from the USGS HVO and a DAAD-Doktorandenstipendium (D/11/42140). We thank Robert Dunn for constructive comments throughout the course of this study as well as the editor, two anonymous reviewers and Morgan Moschetti for suggestions that have greatly improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 194 IS 1 BP 512 EP 523 DI 10.1093/gji/ggt112 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165DE UT WOS:000320462300036 ER PT J AU Geboy, NJ Engle, MA Hower, JC AF Geboy, Nicholas J. Engle, Mark A. Hower, James C. TI Whole-coal versus ash basis in coal geochemistry: A mathematical approach to consistent interpretations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Isometric logratios; Compositional data; Subcompositional incoherence; Pond Creek coal ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; EASTERN KENTUCKY; BED; PETROLOGY; PIKE; PART AB Several standard methods require coal to be ashed prior to geochemical analysis. Researchers, however, are commonly interested in the compositional nature of the whole-coal, not its ash. Coal geochemical data for any given sample can, therefore, be reported in the ash basis on which it is analyzed or the whole-coal basis to which the ash basis data are back calculated. Basic univariate (mean, variance, distribution, etc.) and bivariate (correlation coefficients, etc.) measures of the same suite of samples can be very different depending which reporting basis the researcher uses. These differences are not real, but an artifact resulting from the compositional nature of most geochemical data. The technical term for this artifact is subcompositional incoherence. Since compositional data are forced to a constant sum, such as 100% or 1,000,000 ppm, they possess curvilinear properties which make the Euclidean principles on which most statistical tests rely inappropriate, leading to erroneous results. Applying the isometric logratio (ilr) transformation to compositional data allows them to be represented in Euclidean space and evaluated using traditional tests without fear of producing mathematically inconsistent results. When applied to coal geochemical data, the issues related to differences between the two reporting bases are resolved as demonstrated in this paper using major oxide and trace metal data from the Pennsylvanian-age Pond Creek coal of eastern Kentucky, USA. Following ilr transformation, univariate statistics, such as mean and variance, still differ between the ash basis and whole-coal basis, but in predictable and calculated manners. Further, the stability between two different components, a bivariate measure, is identical, regardless of the reporting basis. The application of ilr transformations addresses both the erroneous results of Euclidean-based measurements on compositional data as well as the inconsistencies observed on coal geochemical data reported on different bases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Geboy, Nicholas J.; Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Engle, Mark A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hower, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Geboy, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM ngeboy@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Energy Resource Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Energy Resource Program. This document benefitted from thoughtful comments from Sharon Swanson and Harvey Belkin of the USGS and two reviewers appointed by the journal, Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn and Eric Grunsky. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 113 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2013.02.008 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 165PX UT WOS:000320496900004 ER PT J AU Sanei, H Swanson, S AF Sanei, Hamed Swanson, Sharon TI The 28th annual meeting of The Society for Organic Petrology (TSOP), Halifax, Canada Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sanei, Hamed] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Swanson, Sharon] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Sanei, H (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM hsanei@nrcan.gc.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 113 BP 63 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2013.03.002 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 165PX UT WOS:000320496900007 ER PT J AU Milici, RC Flores, RM Stricker, GD AF Milici, Robert C. Flores, Romeo M. Stricker, Gary D. TI Coal resources, reserves and peak coal production in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY AUG, 2011 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Soc Organ Petrol (TSOP) DE Coal resources and reserves; Peak coal production; Probabilistic assessments of coal; Megamines and production forecasts AB In spite of its large endowment of coal resources, recent studies have indicated that United States coal production is destined to reach a maximum and begin an irreversible decline sometime during the middle of the current century. However, studies and assessments illustrating coal reserve data essential for making accurate forecasts of United States coal production have not been compiled on a national basis. As a result, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the accuracy of the production forecasts. A very large percentage of the coal mined in the United States comes from a few large-scale mines (mega-mines) in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana. Reported reserves at these mines do not account for future potential reserves or for future development of technology that may make coal classified currently as resources into reserves in the future. In order to maintain United States coal production at or near current levels for an extended period of time, existing mines will eventually have to increase their recoverable reserves and/or new large-scale mines will have to be opened elsewhere. Accordingly, in order to facilitate energy planning for the United States, this paper suggests that probabilistic assessments of the remaining coal reserves in the country would improve long range forecasts of coal production. As it is in United States coal assessment projects currently being conducted, a major priority of probabilistic assessments would be to identify the numbers and sizes of remaining large blocks of coal capable of supporting large-scale mining operations for extended periods of time and to conduct economic evaluations of those resources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Milici, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Flores, Romeo M.; Stricker, Gary D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Milici, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM rmilici@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 113 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.10.002 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 165PX UT WOS:000320496900012 ER PT J AU Swanson, SM Engle, MA Ruppert, LF Affolter, RH Jones, KB AF Swanson, Sharon M. Engle, Mark A. Ruppert, Leslie F. Affolter, Ronald H. Jones, Kevin B. TI Partitioning of selected trace elements in coal combustion products from two coal-burning power plants in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Organic-Petrology (TSOP) CY AUG, 2011 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Soc Organ Petrol (TSOP) DE Partitioning; Trace elements; Mercury; Fly ash; Mass balance ID FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION; FLY-ASH; MERCURY EMISSIONS; RESIDUAL CARBON; BITUMINOUS COAL; BY-PRODUCT; BEHAVIOR; SPECIATION; CAPTURE; QUALITY AB Samples of feed coal (PC), bottom ash (BA), economizer fly ash (EFA), and fly ash (FA) were collected from power plants in the Central Appalachian basin and Colorado Plateau to determine the partitioning of As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se in coal combustion products (CCPs). The Appalachian plant burns a high-sulfur (about 3.9 wt.%) bituminous coal from the Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed and operates with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), with flue gas temperatures of about 163 degrees C in the ESPs. At this plant, As, Pb, Hg, and Se have the greatest median concentrations in FA samples, compared to BA and EFA. A mass balance (not including the FGD process) suggests that the following percentages of trace elements are captured in FA: As (48%), Cr (58%), Pb (54%), Se (20%), and Hg (2%). The relatively high temperatures of the flue gas in the ESPs and low amounts of unburned C in FA (0.5% loss-on-ignition for FA) may have led to the low amount of Hg captured in FA. The Colorado Plateau plant burns a blend of three low-S (about 0.74 wt.%) bituminous coals from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation and operates with fabric filters (FFs). Flue gas temperatures in the baghouses are about 104 degrees C. The elements As, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Se have the greatest median concentrations in the fine-grained fly ash product (FAP) produced by cyclone separators, compared to the other CCPs at this plant. The median concentration of Hg in FA (0.0983 ppm) at the Colorado Plateau plant is significantly higher than that for the Appalachian plant (0.0315 ppm); this higher concentration is related to the efficiency of FFs in Hg capture, the relatively low temperatures of flue gas in the baghouses (particularly in downstream compartments), and the amount of unburned C in FA (0.29% loss-on-ignition for FA). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swanson, Sharon M.; Engle, Mark A.; Ruppert, Leslie F.; Jones, Kevin B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Affolter, Ronald H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Swanson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM smswanson@usgs.gov RI Jones, Kevin/A-7449-2014; OI Jones, Kevin/0000-0002-6386-2623; Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061; Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 113 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.010 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 165PX UT WOS:000320496900013 ER PT J AU Davis, SK Fisher, RJ Skinner, SL Shaffer, TL Brigham, RM AF Davis, Stephen K. Fisher, Ryan J. Skinner, Susan L. Shaffer, Terry L. Brigham, R. Mark TI Songbird abundance in native and planted grassland varies with type and amount of grassland in the surrounding landscape SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alberta; cropland conversion; grassland songbirds; habitat selection; landscape composition; mixed-grass prairie; native grassland; planted grassland; Saskatchewan ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; PATCH SIZE; NORTH-DAKOTA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; NESTING SUCCESS; PASSERINE BIRDS; HABITAT; PRAIRIE AB Agriculture and wildlife conservation programs have converted vast amounts of cropland into grasslands planted with exotic species. Understanding how landscape context influences avian use of native and planted grasslands is essential for developing effective conservation strategies in agricultural landscapes. Our primary objective was to determine the extent to which the amount and type of grassland in the surrounding landscape influences the abundance of grassland songbird species on native and planted grassland parcels in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Bird abundance was more strongly influenced by the amount and type of grassland within 400m of breeding parcels than at larger spatial scales. Grassland specialists responded similarly to habitat and landscape type over both years and provinces. Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii) and Baird's sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) were most common in native grassland parcels surrounded by native grassland and were more likely to occur in planted grasslands surrounded by native grassland. Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were most common in planted grassland parcels, but their abundance increased with the amount of native grassland surrounding these parcels. Our findings indicate that the suitability of planted grasslands for these species is influenced by their proximity to native grassland. Grassland generalists showed mixed responses to habitat and landscape type over the 2 years (Le Conte's sparrow [Ammodramus leconteii]) and between provinces (Savannah sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis] and western meadowlark [Sturnella neglecta]). Management to benefit grassland specialists should therefore consider the landscape context when seeding cultivated land to non-native grassland and conserve extant native grassland. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Davis, Stephen K.; Skinner, Susan L.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada. [Fisher, Ryan J.; Brigham, R. Mark] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Davis, SK (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 300-2365 Albert St, Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada. EM stephen.davis@ec.gc.ca RI Brigham, R Mark/E-6825-2010 OI Brigham, R Mark/0000-0001-6765-4250 FU Government of Canada (Canadian Wildlife Service); Government of Canada (Interdepartmental Recovery Fund for Species at Risk); Government of Canada (Science Horizons program); Government of Canada (Agri-Environment Services Branch); Government of Canada (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Ducks Unlimited Canada; Saskatchewan Ministry of the Environment Fish and Wildlife Development Fund; World Wildlife Fund Endangered Species Recovery Fund; Alberta North American Waterfowl Management Plan Science Fund; Nature Regina; University of Regina (Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Biology) FX We thank numerous field assistants and computer technicians: B.-J. MacDougall, D. Sawatzky, L. Parker, J. Fonger, J. Heffernan, M. Prill, M. Henry, J. Kotlar, and C. Gagnon. Our manuscript benefited from insightful reviews by D. Twedt, R. Koford, N. Koper, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Financial support was provided by the Government of Canada (Canadian Wildlife Service, Interdepartmental Recovery Fund for Species at Risk, Science Horizons program, Agri-Environment Services Branch, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada), Ducks Unlimited Canada, Saskatchewan Ministry of the Environment Fish and Wildlife Development Fund, World Wildlife Fund Endangered Species Recovery Fund, Alberta North American Waterfowl Management Plan Science Fund, Nature Regina, and the University of Regina (Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Biology). We also thank the staff at the Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area for logistical support and the numerous private landowners, the Siksika First Nation, Eastern Irrigation District, and the Government of Canada Agri-Environment Services branch that allowed us to access their land. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or Canadian Government. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 908 EP 919 DI 10.1002/jwmg.537 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000006 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB Raley, CM Buskirk, SW Zielinski, WJ Schwartz, MK Golightly, RT Purcell, KL Weir, RD Yaeger, JS AF Aubry, Keith B. Raley, Catherine M. Buskirk, Steven W. Zielinski, William J. Schwartz, Michael K. Golightly, Richard T. Purcell, Kathryn L. Weir, Richard D. Yaeger, J. Scott TI Meta-analyses of habitat selection by fishers at resting sites in the pacific coastal region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fisher; habitat selection; meta-analysis; Pacific coastal region; Pekania pennanti; resting site ID MARTES-PENNANTI; CALIFORNIA AB The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a species of conservation concern throughout the Pacific coastal region in North America. A number of radiotelemetry studies of habitat selection by fishers at resting sites have been conducted in this region, but the applicability of observed patterns beyond the boundaries of each study area is unknown. Broadly applicable information on habitat selection by fishers in this region would be useful for conservation planning and for informing forest management decisions in areas where intensive field studies have not been conducted. To provide such information, we conducted formal meta-analyses of habitat selection by fishers at resting sites in 8 study areas located from central British Columbia to the southern Sierra Nevada in California, including all areas that currently contain established fisher populations. Each study included in the meta-analyses measured environmental attributes at sites used by fishers for resting (i.e., the immediate vicinity of resting structures; typically 0.5ha) and at random or systematically located sites representing resource availability in each study area. We selected 9 environmental attributes that we expected to be associated with fisher resting sites: slope, heat load index, percent cover of vegetation 2m above the ground, volume of moderately decayed logs 26cm in mean diameter, basal area of live conifers 51-100cm in diameter at breast height (dbh), basal area of live hardwoods 51-100cm in dbh, basal area of moderately decayed snags 51-100cm in dbh, mean dbh of live conifers 10cm in dbh, and mean dbh of live hardwoods 10cm in dbh. Despite substantial variation in environmental conditions among study locations, our analyses revealed statistically significant summary effect sizes for each of the 9 environmental attributes we analyzed. Fishers selected sites for resting that had steeper slopes, cooler microclimates, denser overhead cover, a greater volume of logs, and a greater prevalence of large trees and snags than were generally available. Thus, in areas within the Pacific coastal region where fishers have not been studied and data on selection of resting sites are lacking, our findings provide empirical support for management or conservation actions for fishers that promote the retention or development of these environmental attributes. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Aubry, Keith B.; Raley, Catherine M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Buskirk, Steven W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Purcell, Kathryn L.] US Forest Serv, Pacif Southwest Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Weir, Richard D.] Artemis Wildlife Consultants, Armstrong, BC V0E 1B4, Canada. [Yaeger, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDI, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM kaubry@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016; Buskirk, Steven/K-2871-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Buskirk, Steven/0000-0003-0611-6648 FU Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Fish and Wildlife Service FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Fish and Wildlife Service. R. Schlexer assisted in collating and organizing data for the Pilot Creek and Tule River studies. We are especially grateful to A. Steel of the Pacific Northwest Research Station for assistance with statistical analyses. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1002/jwmg.563 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000011 ER PT J AU Lohr, K Yensen, E Munger, JC Novak, SJ AF Lohr, Kristin Yensen, Eric Munger, James C. Novak, Stephen J. TI Relationship between habitat characteristics and densities of southern Idaho ground squirrels SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy cover; habitat characteristics; microhabitat; sagebrush-steppe; soil texture; southwestern Idaho; southern Idaho ground squirrel; topography; Urocitellus endemicus ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; SPERMOPHILUS-BRUNNEUS; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; SHRUB-STEPPE; LANDSCAPE; FIRE; ABUNDANCE; BIRDS AB Many wildlife species living in sagebrush-steppe habitats of the Intermountain West of the United States have experienced population declines. Effective management of such species, especially restoration efforts, is contingent on understanding relationships between habitat characteristics and population densities of the target species. Unfortunately, even such basic information is often lacking. The goal of this 2-year study was to determine the relationship between southern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus endemicus) population densities and habitat variables: soils (texture), topography (slope, aspect), and vegetation (canopy cover, species diversity). We measured population density indirectly through burrow entrance counts and categorized them into high-burrow and low-burrow densities. We used logistic regression and Akaike's Information Criterion to identify a best subset of models. We employed model averaging and calculated odds ratios for averaged parameter estimates found in the best models. A high density of burrows was associated with greater percentages of silt; east-facing aspects; greater plant species diversity; and greater cover of perennial grasses, perennial grasses and forbs, and native perennial forbs. Low burrow density was associated with greater percentages of sand; south-facing aspects; greater cover of exotic annuals; and lesser plant species diversity. Management of southern Idaho ground squirrel habitat should focus on protecting areas with existing native vegetation and restoring native, perennial vegetation in areas that are infested with exotic annuals, especially in areas possessing suitable soil types and topographic features. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Lohr, Kristin; Munger, James C.; Novak, Stephen J.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Yensen, Eric] Coll Idaho, Dept Biol, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA. RP Lohr, K (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1387 S Vinnell Way, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM kristin_lohr@fws.gov FU USFWS; BLM; Idaho Department of Fish and Game FX This project was funded and supported by the USFWS (C. Thomas, R. Howard, and M. Hemker), the BLM (J. Holderman), and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (B. Haak). We thank J. Barrett, K. Panek, J. Curly, and M. Brown for their assistance in data collection. Dr. S. Wood provided instruction and equipment for soil texture analysis. L. Bond provided invaluable assistance with statistical analyses. Thanks to B. Haak for continued support of the project. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.1002/jwmg.541 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000013 ER PT J AU Laufenberg, JS Van Manen, FT Clark, JD AF Laufenberg, Jared S. Van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. TI Effects of sampling conditions on DNA-based estimates of american black bear abundance SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; capture heterogeneity; capture-mark-recapture; DNA sampling; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; model averaging; population abundance; simulations; Ursus americanus ID MARK-RECAPTURE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; MODEL SELECTION; POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; RIVER AB DNA-based capture-mark-recapture techniques are commonly used to estimate American black bear (Ursus americanus) population abundance (N). Although the technique is well established, many questions remain regarding study design. In particular, relationships among N, capture probability of heterogeneity mixtures A and B (pA and pB, respectively, or (p) over bar, collectively), the proportion of each mixture (Pi), number of capture occasions (k), and probability of obtaining reliable estimates of N are not fully understood. We investigated these relationships using 1) an empirical dataset of DNA samples for which true N was unknown and 2) simulated datasets with known properties that represented a broader array of sampling conditions. For the empirical data analysis, we used the full closed population with heterogeneity data type in Program MARK to estimate N for a black bear population in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. We systematically reduced the number of those samples used in the analysis to evaluate the effect that changes in capture probabilities may have on parameter estimates. Model-averaged N for females and males were 161 (95% CI=114-272) and 100 (95% CI=74-167), respectively (pooled N=261, 95% CI=192-419), and the average weekly (p) over bar was 0.09 for females and 0.12 for males. When we reduced the number of samples of the empirical data, support for heterogeneity models decreased. For the simulation analysis, we generated capture data with individual heterogeneity covering a range of sampling conditions commonly encountered in DNA-based capture-mark-recapture studies and examined the relationships between those conditions and accuracy (i.e., probability of obtaining an estimated N that is within 20% of true N), coverage (i.e., probability that 95% confidence interval includes true N), and precision (i.e., probability of obtaining a coefficient of variation 20%) of estimates using logistic regression. The capture probability for the larger of 2 mixture proportions of the population (i.e., pA or pB, depending on the value of ) was most important for predicting accuracy and precision, whereas capture probabilities of both mixture proportions (pA and pB) were important to explain variation in coverage. Based on sampling conditions similar to parameter estimates from the empirical dataset (pA=0.30, pB=0.05, N=250, =0.15, and k=10), predicted accuracy and precision were low (60% and 53%, respectively), whereas coverage was high (94%). Increasing pB, the capture probability for the predominate but most difficult to capture proportion of the population, was most effective to improve accuracy under those conditions. However, manipulation of other parameters may be more effective under different conditions. In general, the probabilities of obtaining accurate and precise estimates were best when p0.2. Our regression models can be used by managers to evaluate specific sampling scenarios and guide development of sampling frameworks or to assess reliability of DNA-based capture-mark-recapture studies. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Laufenberg, Jared S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Laufenberg, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fvanmanen@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service; University of Tennessee; Great Smoky Mountains Association; Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association; National Park Service; Great Smoky Mountains National Park FX Our study was funded by the United States Geological Survey, the United States Forest Service, the University of Tennessee, Friends of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Great Smoky Mountains Association, the Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association, and the National Park Service. We thank K. Settlage for her contributions during the first phase of this project. K. Delozier and B. Stiver provided important logistical support. A. Brown, J.E. Clark, D. Gammons, C. Hill, C. Lowe, H. Millsaps, M. Penrod, and R. Smith, provided field assistance. S. Julian and C. Callahan conducted the DNA analysis at the Leetown Science Center. We owe many thanks to M. Smith, who wrote programs to perform dataset replications and to J. Laake who generously provided assistance with development of the R code. T. D. White provided administrative support throughout the project. We appreciate the comments of 2 anonymous reviewers and G. White on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1010 EP 1020 DI 10.1002/jwmg.534 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000016 ER PT J AU Bruggink, JG Oppelt, EJ Doherty, KE Andersen, DE Meunier, J Lutz, RS AF Bruggink, John G. Oppelt, Eileen J. Doherty, Kevin E. Andersen, David E. Meunier, Jed Lutz, R. Scott TI Fall survival of American woodcock in the western Great Lakes Region SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; hunting; mortality; Scolopax minor; survival; western Great Lakes Region ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; HUNTING MORTALITY; ADDITIVE HARVEST; WINTER SURVIVAL; RUFFED GROUSE; RATES; FIDELITY; MALLARDS; MAINE AB We estimated fall (10 Sep-8 Nov) survival rates, cause-specific mortality rates, and determined the magnitude and sources of mortality of 1,035 radio-marked American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin during 2001-2004. In all 3 states, we radio-marked woodcock on paired study areas; 1 of which was open to hunting and expected to receive moderate to high hunter use and the other of which was either closed to hunting (Michigan and Minnesota) or was relatively inaccessible to hunters (Wisconsin). We used Program MARK to estimate fall survival rates, to evaluate a set of candidate models to examine the effects of hunting and several covariates (sex, age, year, state) on survival, and to examine the relationship between survival rates and kill rates due to hunting. Hunting accounted for 70% of the 86 woodcock deaths in the hunted areas, followed by predation (20%) and various other sources of mortality (10%). Woodcock deaths that occurred in the non-hunted and lightly hunted areas (n=50) were caused by predators (46%), hunting (32%), and various other sources (22%). Based on small-sample corrected Akaike's Information Criterion values, variation in fall survival of woodcock was best explained by treatment (i.e., hunted vs. non-hunted), year, and period (pre-hunting season intervals vs. hunting season intervals). The average fall survival estimate from our best model for woodcock in the non-hunted areas (0.893, 95% CI=0.864-0.923) was greater than the average for the hunted areas (0.820, 95% CI=0.786-0.854 [this estimate includes data from the lightly hunted area in Wisconsin]), and the average treatment effect (i.e., greater survival rates in non-hunted areas) was 0.074 (95% CI=0.018-0.129). The kill rate due to hunting was 0.120 (95% CI=0.090-0.151) when data were pooled among states and years. We detected a negative relationship between hunting kill rates and survival in our hunted areas, which suggests that hunting mortality was at least partially additive during fall. Our results illustrate the influence of hunting relative to other sources of mortality in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and indicate that managers may be able to influence fall survival rates by manipulating hunting regulations or access on public land. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Bruggink, John G.; Oppelt, Eileen J.] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Doherty, Kevin E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meunier, Jed; Lutz, R. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Bruggink, JG (reprint author), No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, 1401 Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM jbruggin@nmu.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative); Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Northern Michigan University; Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Ruffed Grouse Society; Wisconsin Pointing Dog Association; North Central Wisconsin Chapter of the North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association; Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Pittman-Robertson Project [147] FX We extend our appreciation to the following individuals for their help with various aspects of the project: D. G. McAuley and J. J. Maskey for help with identifying mist-netting and night-lighting sites and suggestions for techniques for handling woodcock, D. E. Beyer, Jr. of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) for coordinating aerial searches, Minnesota DNR pilots M. Trenholm and T. Pfingston for conducting aerial searches in Minnesota, T. Cooley of the Michigan DNR for conducting all of the necropsies, D. R. Luukkonen, C. A. Stewart, M. Joseph, J. Hammill, and R. V. Doepker of the Michigan DNR, and K. Martin, R. Wissink, and the Merrill, Wisconsin DNR Ranger Station, and the staff at Mille Lacs WMA for providing logistical support. S. Guthrie and Tomahawk Timberlands made the lightly hunted study area in Wisconsin available. We thank all the field technicians who endured long days in the field. B. R. Patterson provided R code for the non-parametric cumulative incidence function estimator. D. E. Beyer, Jr., J. Bird, J. J. Rotella, G. W. Smith, and an anonymous referee reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript and provided helpful suggestions. P. F. Doherty, Jr., C. T. Moore, B. R. Patterson, and J. J. Rotella provided helpful suggestions regarding analyses. Our project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 3 Migratory Birds and 2001 Webless Migratory Game Bird Research Program), U.S. Geological Survey (Science Support Initiative), Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Northern Michigan University, the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Ruffed Grouse Society, Wisconsin Pointing Dog Association, and the North Central Wisconsin Chapter of the North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association. In addition to partial funding, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources provided logistical support funded in part by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Pittman-Robertson Project 147. We thank S. D. Wilds for working to generate support and funding for this project. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1030 DI 10.1002/jwmg.547 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000017 ER PT J AU Troy, RJ Coates, PS Connelly, JW Gillette, G Delehanty, DJ AF Troy, Ronald J. Coates, Peter S. Connelly, John W. Gillette, Gifford Delehanty, David J. TI Survival of mountain quail translocated from two distinct source populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Idaho; mountain quail; Oreortyx pictus; radiotelemetry; reintroduction; source population; survival; translocation ID SAGE-GROUSE; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENTS; IDAHO AB Translocation of mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) to restore viable populations to their former range has become a common practice. Because differences in post-release vital rates between animals from multiple source populations has not been well studied, wildlife and land managers may arbitrarily choose the source population or base the source population on immediate availability when planning translocation projects. Similarly, an understanding of the optimal proportion of individuals from different age and sex classes for translocation would benefit translocation planning. During 2006 and 2007, we captured and translocated 125 mountain quail from 2 ecologically distinct areas: 38 from southern California and 87 from southwestern Oregon. We released mountain quail in the Bennett Hills of south-central Idaho. We radio-marked and monitored a subsample of 58 quail and used them for a 2-part survival analysis. Cumulative survival probability was 0.23 +/- 0.05 (SE) at 150 days post-release. We first examined an a priori hypothesis (model) that survival varied between the 2 distinct source populations. We found that source population did not explain variation in survival. This result suggests that wildlife managers have flexibility in selecting source populations for mountain quail translocation efforts. In a post hoc examination, we pooled the quail across source populations and evaluated differences in survival probabilities between sex and age classes. The most parsimonious model indicated that adult male survival was substantially less than survival rates of other mountain quail age and sex classes (i.e., interaction between sex and age). This result suggests that translocation success could benefit by translocating yearling males rather than adult males, perhaps because adult male breeding behavior results in vulnerability to predators. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Troy, Ronald J.; Gillette, Gifford; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Connelly, John W.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. RP Troy, RJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Quail Unlimited; States Wildlife Grant Program; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Idaho State University FX For funding, we thank Bureau of Land Management, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Quail Unlimited, States Wildlife Grant Program, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Idaho State University. Special thanks to G. Wright, R. Wells, and J. Beals. We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, D. Budeau, China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station Environmental Office, T. Campbell, California Department of Fish and Game and T. Blankenship for source population Mountain Quail provided for this project. For field assistance, we thank J. Cammack, L. Cross, J. Warwick, A. Wilkin, A. Weiler, D. LaMure, B. Lowe, M. Troy, J. Myers, M. Frasier, L. Moller, A. Gillette, G. Gillette, and T. Hanks. We appreciate J. Frank, P. Murphy, M. Doerr, and J. Lai for their assistance. For recognizing the plight of the mountain quail and initiating these restoration efforts in southern Idaho, we thank M. Flemming, S. Gamo, and R. Smith with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. For land access, we thank the Bennett Hills ranching community. For continued support, we thank Y. Troy, S. Delehanty, and K. Coates. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1002/jwmg.549 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000018 ER PT J AU Boomer, GS Zimmerman, GS Zimpfer, NL Garrettson, PR Koneff, MD Sanders, TA Magruder, KD Royle, JA AF Boomer, G. Scott Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Zimpfer, Nathan L. Garrettson, Pamela R. Koneff, Mark D. Sanders, Todd A. Magruder, Kimberly D. Royle, J. Andrew TI Band reporting probabilities for mallards recovered in the United States and Canada SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive harvest management; Anas platyrhynchos; mallard; reporting rates; reward banding ID REWARD BAND; RATES AB Reliable estimates of annual harvest rates are required for the implementation of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adaptive harvest management decision frameworks. Because not all standard bands recovered during the hunting season are reported, band reporting probabilities are needed to estimate mallard harvest rates. Information from birds recovered with bands that notify finders of a reward (i.e., reward bands) can be used to estimate band reporting rates. We analyzed reward banding data for 3 stocks of mallards to estimate reporting probabilities that can be used to estimate harvest rates for birds recovered with toll-free or web-address bands. Specifically, we explored spatial variability in reporting probabilities, and assessed whether reporting probabilities varied among years. Our analysis indicated that reporting probabilities varied among the 4 Flyways, eastern Canada, and western Canada and Alaska. We had difficulty interpreting temporal fluctuations and found little evidence for any meaningful trends in reporting rates between 2002 and 2010. We recommend that reporting probabilities of 0.67 in the Atlantic Flyway, 0.81 in the Mississippi Flyway, 0.70 in the Central Flyway, 0.76 in the Pacific Flyway, 0.50 in eastern Canada, and 0.57 in western Canada and Alaska be used to estimate harvest probabilities for birds recovered in these regions. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Boomer, G. Scott; Zimpfer, Nathan L.; Garrettson, Pamela R.; Magruder, Kimberly D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Koneff, Mark D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Sanders, Todd A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Boomer, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM scott_boomer@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1002/jwmg.570 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000021 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Steenhof, K Kochert, MN Bond, L AF Brown, Jessi L. Steenhof, Karen Kochert, Michael N. Bond, Laura TI Estimating raptor nesting success: Old and new approaches SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American kestrel; Aquila chrysaetos; Falco mexicanus; Falco sparverius; golden eagle; nest survival; nesting success; population monitoring; prairie falcon; raptors ID BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL MODEL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BETA REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE; WEATHER; HAWKS; OWLS; PREY; SITE AB Studies of nesting success can be valuable in assessing the status of raptor populations, but differing monitoring protocols can present unique challenges when comparing populations of different species across time or geographic areas. We used large datasets from long-term studies of 3 raptor species to compare estimates of apparent nest success (ANS, the ratio of successful to total number of nesting attempts), Mayfield nesting success, and the logistic-exposure model of nest survival. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus), and American kestrels (F. sparverius) differ in their breeding biology and the methods often used to monitor their reproduction. Mayfield and logistic-exposure models generated similar estimates of nesting success with similar levels of precision. Apparent nest success overestimated nesting success and was particularly sensitive to inclusion of nesting attempts discovered late in the nesting season. Thus, the ANS estimator is inappropriate when exact point estimates are required, especially when most raptor pairs cannot be located before or soon after laying eggs. However, ANS may be sufficient to assess long-term trends of species in which nesting attempts are highly detectable. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Brown, Jessi L.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Steenhof, Karen] Owyhee Desert Studies, Murphy, ID 83650 USA. [Kochert, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Bond, Laura] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Aquat Ecosyst Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Fleischmann Agr MS 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jessilbrown@gmail.com FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX This paper is a contribution of the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. The data we used in this analysis came from long-term studies in and near the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area. These studies were funded mainly by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Geological Survey, with assistance from Pacificorp, Idaho Power, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and the Idaho Army National Guard. We thank the Idaho Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit for the 1971 golden eagle nesting data, and Greenfalk Consultants for data at selected golden eagle and prairie falcon nests between 1990 and 1994. Numerous biologists and technicians collected the data. We are especially grateful to L. B. Carpenter, R. N. Lehman, J. H. Doremus, A. R. Bammann, A. M. A. Holthuijzen, K. L. Ross, J. M. Marzluff, M. W. Collopy, M. S. Vekasy, and B. E. Peterson for data collection. We thank J. Bart for discussions and T. L. Shaffer for advice. M. Herzog provided the R code for logistic-exposure modeling. T. L. Shaffer, D. E. Andersen, J. P. Smith, P. K. Kochert, and 1 anonymous reviewer provided comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1074 DI 10.1002/jwmg.566 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 171NV UT WOS:000320937000022 PM 26401058 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Shakesby, RA Robichaud, PR Cannon, SH Martin, DA AF Moody, John A. Shakesby, Richard A. Robichaud, Peter R. Cannon, Susan H. Martin, Deborah A. TI Current research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Burn severity; Meso-scale rainfall; Soil-hydraulic properties; Runoff; Soil erosion ID SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; OVERLAND-FLOW GENERATION; NORTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN FORESTS; CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS AB Research into post-wildfire effects began in the United States more than 70 years ago and only later extended to other parts of the world. Post-wildfire responses are typically transient, episodic, variable in space and time, dependent on thresholds, and involve multiple processes measured by different methods. These characteristics tend to hinder research progress, but the large empirical knowledge base amassed in different regions of the world suggests that it should now be possible to synthesize the data and make a substantial improvement in the understanding of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response. Thus, it is important to identify and prioritize the research issues related to post-wildfire runoff and erosion. Priority research issues are the need to: (1) organize and synthesize similarities and differences in post-wildfire responses between different fire-prone regions of the world in order to determine common patterns and generalities that can explain cause and effect relations; (2) identify and quantify functional relations between metrics of fire effects and soil hydraulic properties that will better represent the dynamic and transient conditions after a wildfire; (3) determine the interaction between burned landscapes and temporally and spatially variable meso-scale precipitation, which is often the primary driver of post-wildfire runoff and erosion responses; (4) determine functional relations between precipitation, basin morphology, runoff connectivity, contributing area, surface roughness, depression storage, and soil characteristics required to predict the timing, magnitudes, and duration of floods and debris flows from ungaged burned basins; and (5) develop standard measurement methods that will ensure the collection of uniform and comparable runoff and erosion data. Resolution of these issues will help to improve conceptual and computer models of post-wildfire runoff and erosion processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Shakesby, Richard A.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Robichaud, Peter R.] USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Serv, Moscow, ID USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Golden, CO USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov; ra.shakesby@swansea.ac.uk; probichaud@fs.fed.us; cannon@usgs.gov; damartin@usgs.gov NR 408 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 16 U2 133 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 122 BP 10 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.004 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 161UZ UT WOS:000320220100002 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Baker, WL Rogers, PC Kulakowski, D AF Shinneman, Douglas J. Baker, William L. Rogers, Paul C. Kulakowski, Dominik TI Fire regimes of quaking aspen in the Mountain West SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; Fire regime; Classification; Seral; Stable ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX.; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; UPPER MONTANE FORESTS; HIGH-ELEVATION FOREST; STAND-REPLACING FIRE; SAN-FRANCISCO PEAKS; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widespread tree species in North America, and it is found throughout much of the Mountain West (MW) across a broad range of bioclimatic regions. Aspen typically regenerates asexually and prolifically after fire, and due to its seral status in many western conifer forests, aspen is often considered dependent upon disturbance for persistence. In many landscapes, historical evidence for post-fire aspen establishment is clear, and following extended fire-free periods senescing or declining aspen overstories sometimes lack adequate regeneration and are succeeding to conifers. However, aspen also forms relatively stable stands that contain little or no evidence of historical fire. In fact, aspen woodlands range from highly fire-dependent, seral communities to relatively stable, self-replacing, non-seral communities that do not require fire for persistence. Given the broad geographic distribution of aspen, fire regimes in these forests likely co-vary spatially with changing community composition, landscape setting, and climate, and temporally with land use and climate - but relatively few studies have explicitly focused on these important spatiotemporal variations. Here we reviewed the literature to summarize aspen fire regimes in the western US and highlight knowledge gaps. We found that only about one-fourth of the 46 research papers assessed for this review could be considered fire history studies (in which mean fire intervals were calculated), and all but one of these were based primarily on data from fire-scarred conifers. Nearly half of the studies reported at least some evidence of persistent aspen in the absence of fire. We also found that large portions of the MW have had little or no aspen fire history research. As a result of this review, we put forth a classification framework for aspen that is defined by key fire regime parameters (fire severity and probability), and that reflects underlying biophysical settings and correlated aspen functional types. We propose the following aspen fire regime types: (1) fire-independent, stable aspen; (2) fire-influenced, stable aspen; (3) fire-dependent, seral, conifer-aspen mix; (4) fire-dependent, seral, montane aspen-conifer; and (5) fire-dependent, seral, subalpine aspen-conifer. Closing research gaps and validating our proposed aspen fire regime classification will likely require additional site-specific research, enhanced dendrochronology techniques, charcoal and pollen record analysis, spatially-explicit modeling, and other techniques. We hope to encourage development of site-appropriate disturbance ecology characterizations, in order to aid efforts to manage and restore aspen communities and to diagnose key factors contributing to changes in aspen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shinneman, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Rogers, Paul C.] Utah State Univ, Western Aspen Alliance & Ecol Ctr, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kulakowski, Dominik] Clark Univ, Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dshinneman@usgs.gov RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008 NR 137 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 299 SI SI BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.032 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167LT UT WOS:000320634200004 ER PT J AU Ciparis, S Iwanowicz, DD Voshell, JR AF Ciparis, Serena Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Voshell, J. Reese, Jr. TI Relationships between nutrient enrichment, pleurocerid snail density and trematode infection rate in streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; landscape; lotic; Pleuroceridae; trematodes ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; EUTROPHICATION; RESPONSES; PARASITE AB Nutrient enrichment is a widespread environmental problem in freshwater ecosystems. Eutrophic conditions caused by nutrient enrichment may result in a higher prevalence of infection by trematode parasites in host populations, due to greater resource availability for the molluscan first intermediate hosts. This study examined relationships among land use, environmental variables indicating eutrophication, population density of the pleurocerid snail, Leptoxis carinata, and trematode infections. Fifteen study sites were located in streams within the Shenandoah River catchment (Virginia, U.S.A.), where widespread nutrient enrichment has occurred. Snail population density had a weak positive relationship with stream water nutrient concentration. Snail population density also increased as human activities within stream catchments increased, but density did not continue to increase in catchments where anthropogenic disturbance was greatest. Cercariae from five families of trematodes were identified in L.carinata, and infection rate was generally low (<10%). Neither total infection rate nor the infection rate of individual trematode types showed a positive relationship with snail population density, nutrients or land use. There were statistically significant but weak relationships between the prevalence of infection by two trematode families and physical and biological variables. The prevalence of Notocotylidae was positively related to water depth, which may be related to habitat use by definitive hosts. Prevalence of Opecoelidae had a negative relationship with orthophosphate concentration and a polynomial relationship with chlorophyll a concentration. Transmission of Opecoelid trematodes between hosts may be inhibited by eutrophic conditions. Leptoxis carinata appears to be a useful species for monitoring the biological effects of eutrophication and investigating trematode transmission dynamics in lotic systems. C1 [Ciparis, Serena; Voshell, J. Reese, Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Iwanowicz, Deborah D.] US Geol Survey, Fish Hlth Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Ciparis, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 100 Cheatham Hall,MC 0321, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sciparis@vt.edu FU Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; Virginia Environmental Endowment FX We greatly appreciate field assistance provided by S. Hiner, A. Eakins, S. Voshell and T. Voshell. Valuable guidance on sampling and microscopic identification of cercariae was provided by W. Henley and L. Belden. This work would not have been possible without the sample preparation and laboratory sequencing work provided by H. Walsh, B. Lubinski and R. Johnson. Funding for this project was provided, in part, by grants from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (supported by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration) and the Virginia Environmental Endowment. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1392 EP 1404 DI 10.1111/fwb.12135 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 158CK UT WOS:000319946000008 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Mather, ME AF Smith, Joseph M. Mather, Martha E. TI Beaver dams maintain fish biodiversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity throughout a low-gradient stream network SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beaver; ecosystem engineer; fish assemblage; habitat heterogeneity; riverscape scale ID AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; PATCH DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPES; COMMUNITY; CONSERVATION; RIVERSCAPES AB Understanding the relationship between heterogeneity and biodiversity is an active focus of ecological research. Although habitat heterogeneity is conceptually linked to biodiversity, the amount and configuration of heterogeneity that maintains biodiversity within ecosystems is not well understood, especially for an entire stream network. Here, we tested alternative outcomes about how habitat alterations caused by beaver dams affected native fish biodiversity. Specifically, we quantified in-stream habitat and fish assemblages above and below all beaver dams (n=15) and selected control sites (n=9), adjacent to beaver dams, within an entire, low-gradient stream network (Fish Brook, MA, U.S.A.). Beaver dams altered habitat within streams in four ways based on upstream versus downstream differences in stream width, depth, velocity and substratum. In general, habitat heterogeneity, measured using two indices, was greater at beaver dams than control sites. The diversity and abundance of fish around beaver dams were positively related to habitat heterogeneity. Faster water and the coarser substratum below beaver dams increased the amount of fluvial habitat available to native fish. This alteration can be critical for fish with life histories that depend on flowing water and hard substrata. In summary, within a stream network, beaver dams maintained fish biodiversity by altering in-stream habitat and increasing habitat heterogeneity. Understanding the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity can advance basic freshwater ecology and provide science-based support for applied aquatic conservation. C1 [Smith, Joseph M.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jsmith98@ksu.edu FU Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This project was administered through the Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, a cooperation among the University of Massachusetts, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (a cooperation among Kansas State University, the U. S. Geological Survey, the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute) provided support during manuscript preparation. The University of Massachusetts School of Marine Sciences, Amherst, especially R. Gamache, is acknowledged for support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Special thanks to the Plum Island LTER (OCE 0423565, OCE 1058747) for generously providing lodging. Invaluable field, laboratory and other assistance was provided by S. Wells, T. Lens, C. Kennedy, H. Frank, M. Burak and C. Kielbasa. Discussions with and manuscript reviews by R. Muth, J. Finn, L. Deegan, R. Zwick, S. Cadrin, D. Haukos, M. Daniels, the Kansas State University aquatic ecology journal club and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 177 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1523 EP 1538 DI 10.1111/fwb.12153 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 158CK UT WOS:000319946000020 ER PT J AU Khomo, L Bern, CR Hartshorn, AS Rogers, KH Chadwick, OA AF Khomo, Lesego Bern, Carleton R. Hartshorn, Anthony S. Rogers, Kevin H. Chadwick, Oliver A. TI Chemical transfers along slowly eroding catenas developed on granitic cratons in southern Africa SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Eluviation; Illuviation; Strain; Mass balance; Kruger National Park ID SOIL; RAINFALL; BALANCE; MODEL; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE; RHODESIA; PLATEAU; SYSTEMS AB A catena is a series of distinct but co-evolving soils arrayed along a slope. On low-slope, slowly eroding catenas the redistribution of mass occurs predominantly as plasma, the dissolved and suspended constituents in soil water. We applied mass balance methods to track how redistribution via plasma contributed to physical and geochemical differentiation of nine slowly eroding (similar to 5 mm ky(-1)) granitic catenas. The catenas were arrayed in a 3 x 3 climate by relief matrix and located in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Most of the catenas contained at least one illuviated soil profile that had undergone more volumetric expansion and less mass loss, and these soils were located in the lower halves of the slopes. By comparison, the majority of slope positions were eluviated. Soils from the wetter climates (550 and 730 mm precipitation yr(-1)) generally had undergone greater collapse and lost more mass, while soils in the drier climate (470 mm yr(-1)) had undergone expansion and lost less mass. Effects of differences in catena relief were less clear. Within each climate zone, soil horizon mass loss and strain were correlated, as were losses of most major elements, illustrating the predominant influence of primary mineral weathering. Nevertheless, mass loss and volumetric collapse did not become extreme because of the skeleton of resistant primary mineral grains inherited from the granite. Colloidal clay redistribution, as traced by the ratio of Ti to Zr in soil, suggested clay losses via suspension from catena eluvial zones. Thus illuviation of colloidal clays into downslope soils may be crucial to catena development by restricting subsurface flow there. Our analysis provides quantitative support for the conceptual understanding of catenas in cratonic landscapes and provides an endmember reference point in understanding the development of slowly eroding soil landscapes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Khomo, Lesego] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hartshorn, Anthony S.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Rogers, Kevin H.] Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Khomo, L (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM lesegok@gmail.com; cbern@usgs.gov; hartshas@jmu.edu; kevinr@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za; oac@geog.ucsb.edu OI Hartshorn, Anthony/0000-0002-0004-5749 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; KHR; South African National Parks FX This project was funded by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to OAC and KHR. Thanks to South African National Parks for granting permission to work in the Kruger National Park. We thank Frank Setaro, Kevin Bratton, Val Bullard, Nathalie Boes, Dasha Perkins and Katie Lindeburg for assistance in the laboratory at UC Santa Barbara, and Susan Melzer-Drinnen for working on the thin sections. Andy Kurtz and Marjorie Schulz provided much appreciated comments on earlier versions of the paper. We also thank Wilson Dinda, Million Cossa and Samuel Nkuna for protection in the field, many thanks also the many field assistants who helped. Finally, we thank Wendy Midgely, Patricia Khoza and Angela Gaylard for the many years of logistical support. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL PY 2013 VL 202 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.023 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 164PZ UT WOS:000320423300021 ER PT J AU Rakovan, MT Rech, JA Pigati, JS Nekola, JC Wiles, GC AF Rakovan, Monica T. Rech, Jason A. Pigati, Jeffrey S. Nekola, Jeffrey C. Wiles, Gregory C. TI An evaluation of Mesodon and other larger terrestrial gastropod shells for dating late Holocene and historic alluvium in the Midwestern USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial gastropods; Radiocarbon dating; Historic sediments; Amino acid racemization ID RADIOCARBON AGE ANOMALIES; AMINO-ACID RACEMIZATION; LAND SNAIL SHELLS; CALIBRATION CURVES; C-14; CARBONATE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; WISCONSIN; LOESS; BASIN AB Understanding the history of stream erosion and changes in channel morphology is important for managing and restoring unstable streams. One of the significant challenges in this type of research is establishing accurate dating of late Holocene and historic alluvium. Here we evaluate the potential of using C-14 dating and amino acid racemization (AAR) to date large terrestrial gastropod shells that are often preserved within alluvial sediments. Many terrestrial gastropods incorporate old carbon from limestqne or other carbonate rocks into their shells and therefore are unsuitable for radiocarbon dating. Recent studies, however, have shown that some taxa avoid this 'limestone problem' and can yield reliable C-14 ages. In this study, we measured the C-14 activity of specimens for the genera Mesodon, Ventridens, and Allogona collected live and from alluvial sequences dated independently by dendrochronology, C-14 dating of wood, and/or Cs-137 analyses. Mesodon zaletus contained old carbon in similar concentrations (up to similar to 30%) found in previous studies of other large taxa and should be avoided for C-14 dating when possible. In contrast, shells of Ventridens ligera and Allogona profunda showed minimal limestone effects and therefore may be suitable for dating late Holocene alluvium. These results highlight the importance of taxonomic identification of gastropod taxa prior to their use for C-14 dating and demonstrate that shell fragments that are not identifiable should be avoided. We also measured d/l ratios (n = 17) of aspartic and glutamic acid from eight different taxa of terrestrial gastropods recovered from four late Holocene and historic stratigraphic sequences. Average d/l ratios of aspartic and glutamic acid from historic sediments <300 years old are lower in shells from younger stratigraphic units, indicating that AAR can be used to differentiate between multiple historic stratigraphic units. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rakovan, Monica T.; Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Pigati, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nekola, Jeffrey C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wiles, Gregory C.] Coll Wooster, Dept Geol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Rech, JA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM rechja@miamioh.edu FU National Science Foundation Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology Program [EAR 0614840]; U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology Program, award #EAR 0614840 and the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. We thank Robert Pavlowsky for providing 137Cs data used in this study. We also thank William Renwick for commenting on an earlier draft of this manuscript, as well as Gene Ellis, Margaret Berry, Matthew Kosnik and an anonymous reviewer for edits and comments that improved this manuscript. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 193 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.031 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 160TH UT WOS:000320142900005 ER PT J AU Forghani-Arani, F Behura, J Haines, SS Batzle, M AF Forghani-Arani, Farnoush Behura, Jyoti Haines, Seth S. Batzle, Mike TI An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to a surface passive data set SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article DE Automatic event detection; Noise; Passive seismic AB In studies on heavy oil, shale reservoirs, tight gas and enhanced geothermal systems, the use of surface passive seismic data to monitor induced microseismicity due to the fluid flow in the subsurface is becoming more common. However, in most studies passive seismic records contain days and months of data and manually analysing the data can be expensive and inaccurate. Moreover, in the presence of noise, detecting the arrival of weak microseismic events becomes challenging. Hence, the use of an automated, accurate and computationally fast technique for event detection in passive seismic data is essential. The conventional automatic event identification algorithm computes a running-window energy ratio of the short-term average to the long-term average of the passive seismic data for each trace. We show that for the common case of a low signal-to-noise ratio in surface passive records, the conventional method is not sufficiently effective at event identification. Here, we extend the conventional algorithm by introducing a technique that is based on the cross-correlation of the energy ratios computed by the conventional method. With our technique we can measure the similarities amongst the computed energy ratios at different traces. Our approach is successful at improving the detectability of events with a low signal-to-noise ratio that are not detectable with the conventional algorithm. Also, our algorithm has the advantage to identify if an event is common to all stations (a regional event) or to a limited number of stations (a local event). We provide examples of applying our technique to synthetic data and a field surface passive data set recorded at a geothermal site. C1 [Forghani-Arani, Farnoush; Behura, Jyoti; Batzle, Mike] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Forghani-Arani, F (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM fforghan@mines.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-GF36-08G018195] FX We thank the Department of Energy for their financial support under contract number DE-GF36-08G018195. We are thankful to the Incorporated Research Institute for Seismology (IRIS), for providing the passive seismic sensors and we especially thank Noel Barstow, Eliana Arias Dotson, Lisa Foley and the PASSCAL staff at Socorro, New Mexico for their tremendous help with providing support and information while using the instruments. We thank Kasper van Wijk for his support and help with requesting and installing the passive seismic sensors and his helpful discussion in this research. We are thankful to Karoline Bohen for her help with installing and downloading data from the passive sensors at the field. We also thank Brian Passerella, Dawn Umpleby, David Manthei, Weiping Wang, Lee Liberty, Randi Walters, Dylan Mikesell, Jesse Havens, Thomas Blum, Ashley Fish, Jeff Shoffner and the students of the Colorado school of Mines, Boise State University and Imperial College London at field camp 2009 and 2010 for their help and support with maintaining the field work. We thank our colleague Steve Smith, at the Colorado school of Mines, for his technical discussions and suggestions during this work. We especially thank Fredrick and Taylor Henderson and Bill Moore for their great hospitality and permission to install the passive stations on their properties for this study. Finally, we are thankful to Leo Eisner for his great insight as well as Tijmen Jan Moser, Xander Campman, Elmer Ruigrok and the anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions that have helped to improve this paper. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 61 IS 4 BP 778 EP 787 DI 10.1111/1365-2478.12033 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 167DP UT WOS:000320611100008 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Nemec, KT Wardwell, DA Hoffman, JD Brust, M Decker, KL Fogell, D Hogue, J Lotz, A Miller, T Pummill, M Ramirez-Yanez, LE Uden, DR AF Allen, Craig R. Nemec, Kristine T. Wardwell, Donald A. Hoffman, Justin D. Brust, Mathew Decker, Karie L. Fogell, Daniel Hogue, Jennifer Lotz, Aaron Miller, Thaddeus Pummill, Marcy Ramirez-Yanez, Luis E. Uden, Daniel R. TI Predictors of regional establishment success and spread of introduced non-indigenous vertebrates SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Amphibians; birds; fish; Florida; herpetofauna; mammals; non-indigenous species; reptiles ID PROPAGULE PRESSURE; INVASION SUCCESS; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SCALE DETERMINANTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH INVASIONS; SOUTH FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND AB Aim To provide the first analysis of predictors of both establishment and spread, both within and across taxa, for all vertebrate taxa within a region. We used Florida, USA, as our study system because it has a well-documented history of introduction and invasion, and is a hotspot for biological invasions. Location Florida, USA. Methods We analysed non-indigenous species (NIS) data from peninsular Florida - which included both successful and unsuccessful introductions from all vertebrate classes - to determine the best predictors of both establishment and spread for fish (65 species), herpetofauna (63 species), birds (71 species) and mammals (25 species). We used 10 variables proposed to be associated with the establishment and spread of NIS: body mass, geographic origin, reproductive rate, diet generalism, native-range size, latitude of native range, number of NIS present at date of introduction, presence of NIS congeners, morphological proximity to other NIS (in terms of body mass) and propagule pressure. A multimodel selection process was used with an information-theoretic approach to determine the best fit models for predicting establishment and spread of NIS. We selected a priori plausible predictive models for establishment and spread. Results Large native-range size and small body mass best predicted establishment of non-indigenous herpetofauna. The presence of NIS congeners had the largest positive effect on the establishment of non-indigenous fish. For mammals, the number of NIS present at the time of introduction best explained establishment. No single model best explained bird establishment. For all taxa but birds, the number of NIS present at time of introduction was included in at least one of the best-supported models for explaining spread. Main conclusions Our analyses suggest that predictors of establishment and spread differ across vertebrate taxa at the scale studied. Most predictive variables can be interpreted as measures of competitive interactions among species. C1 [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Nemec, Kristine T.; Wardwell, Donald A.; Decker, Karie L.; Lotz, Aaron; Miller, Thaddeus; Uden, Daniel R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brust, Mathew] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hoffman, Justin D.; Fogell, Daniel; Hogue, Jennifer; Pummill, Marcy; Ramirez-Yanez, Luis E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nemec, KT (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, 422 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kristine.nemec@huskers.unl.edu FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. We thank A. J. Tyre for statistical help. An earlier version of this manuscript was improved by comments from P. Freeman and A. Hanson and three anonymous referees. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 22 IS 7 BP 889 EP 899 DI 10.1111/geb.12054 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 163HL UT WOS:000320326600011 ER PT J AU Fondell, TF Flint, PL Schmutz, JA Schamber, JL Nicolai, CA AF Fondell, Thomas F. Flint, Paul L. Schmutz, Joel A. Schamber, Jason L. Nicolai, Christopher A. TI Variation in body mass dynamics among sites in Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans supports adaptivity of mass loss during moult SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; failed and non-breeding geese; flightless moult; food availability; successful breeding geese; Teshekpuk Lake; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID GEESE ANSER-ANSER; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; BLUE-WINGED TEAL; GREYLAG GEESE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BARNACLE GEESE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FLIGHTLESS PERIOD; RESERVE DYNAMICS; TESHEKPUK LAKE AB Birds employ varying strategies to accommodate the energetic demands of moult, one important example being changes in body mass. To understand better their physiological and ecological significance, we tested three hypotheses concerning body mass dynamics during moult. We studied Black Brant in 2006 and 2007 moulting at three sites in Alaska which varied in food availability, breeding status and whether geese undertook a moult migration. First we predicted that if mass loss during moult were simply the result of inadequate food resources then mass loss would be highest where food was least available. Secondly, we predicted that if mass loss during moult were adaptive, allowing birds to reduce activity during moult, then birds would gain mass prior to moult where feeding conditions allowed and mass loss would be positively related to mass at moult initiation. Thirdly, we predicted that if mass loss during moult were adaptive, allowing birds to regain flight sooner, then across sites and groups, mass at the end of the flightless period would converge on a theoretical optimum, i.e. the mass that permits the earliest possible return to flight. Mass loss was greatest where food was most available and thus our results did not support the prediction that mass loss resulted from inadequate food availability. Mass at moult initiation was positively related to both food availability and mass loss. In addition, among sites and years, variation in mass was high at moult initiation but greatly reduced at the end of the flightless period, appearing to converge. Thus, our results supported multiple predictions that mass loss during moult was adaptive and that the optimal moulting strategy was to gain mass prior to the flightless period, then through behavioural modifications use these body reserves to reduce activity and in so doing also reduce wing loading. Geese that undertook a moult migration initiated moult at the highest mass, indicating that they were more than able to compensate for the energetic cost of the migration. Because Brant frequently change moult sites between years in relation to breeding success, the site-specific variation in body mass dynamics we observed suggests individual plasticity in moult body mass dynamics. C1 [Fondell, Thomas F.; Flint, Paul L.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Schamber, Jason L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Nicolai, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV USA. RP Fondell, TF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. EM tfondell@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Alaska Science Center; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); USGS FX Work on YKD was largely funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Alaska Science Center, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and their partners as part of the monitoring and detection program me for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds. The staff of the Yukon-Delta National Wildlife Refuge provided logistical assistance. Work at TLSA was funded by the USGS. The USFWS, Region 7, Division of Migratory Bird Management provided aerial support and assisted with goose captures. We thank the field assistants, too numerous to list, who helped out in the capture and handling of geese. D. Derksen provided advice during project planning. Editorial comments from M. Bolton, T. Lewis, R. Nager, J. Pearce, S. Portugal and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. The capture and handling protocol was approved by the USGS, Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee, under protocol 06-SOP-02. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2013 VL 155 IS 3 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1111/ibi.12056 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 166JO UT WOS:000320550900014 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Peterson, SM Lehman, JA Kramer, GR Iknayan, KJ Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Peterson, Sean M. Lehman, Justin A. Kramer, Gunnar R. Iknayan, Kelly J. Andersen, David E. TI The effects of force-fledging and premature fledging on the survival of nestling songbirds SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE breeding ecology; fledgling survival; Golden-winged Warbler; observer effects; Ovenbird; Seiurus aurocapilla; Vermivora chrysoptera ID WARBLERS DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FLEDGLING OVENBIRDS; BROOD PARASITISM; SUCCESS; PREDATION; SELECTION; SWALLOW AB Despite the broad consensus that force-fledging of nestling songbirds lowers their probability of survival and therefore should be generally avoided by researchers, that presumption has not been tested. We used radiotelemetry to monitor the survival of fledglings of Ovenbirds Seiurus aurocapilla and Golden-winged Warblers Vermivora chrysoptera that we unintentionally force-fledged (i.e. nestlings left the nest in response to our research activities at typical fledging age), that fledged prematurely (i.e. nestlings left the nest earlier than typical fledging age), and that fledged independently of our activities. Force-fledged Ovenbirds experienced significantly higher survival than those that fledged independent of our activities, and prematurely fledged Ovenbirds had a similarly high survival to those that force-fledged at typical fledging age. We observed a similar, though not statistically significant, pattern in Golden-winged Warbler fledgling survival. Our results suggest that investigator-induced force-fledging of nestlings, even when deemed premature, does not necessarily result in reduced fledgling survival in these species. Instead, our results suggest that a propensity or ability to fledge in response to disturbance may be a predictor of a higher probability of fledgling survival. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.; Lehman, Justin A.; Kramer, Gunnar R.; Iknayan, Kelly J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM streby@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [73, 87]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources FX These data were collected during projects funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey through Research Work Order Nos. 73 and 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, with additional funding from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and in-kind support from the U.S. Forest Service. We captured, handled, banded and harnessed radiotransmitters to birds following IACUC Protocols #0806A35761 and #1004A80575, approved by the University of Minnesota Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank Christian Artuso and Laurel Moulton for discussions inspiring the conception of this analysis, and Michelle McDowell, Wayne Brininger and William Faber for logistical support. We are grateful to Jeanine Refsnider, Corey Tarwater and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript, and to Lauren Arnold, Steven Barlow, Danner Bradshaw, Joshua Bruggman, Richard Carr, Marianne Dawson, Lauren Deets, Dianne Dessecker, Allison Edmond, Jared Feura, Alexander Fish, Roxanne Franta, Callie Gesmundo, Jessica Hammers, Ashley Jensen, Michael Johnson, Tara McAllister, Darin McNeil, Eric Michel, Adrian Monroe, Elizabeth Pokrivka, Renae Poole, Andrew Rehmann, Jeanine Refsnider, Nick Seeger and Emily Sinnot for assistance with field data collection. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2013 VL 155 IS 3 BP 616 EP 620 DI 10.1111/ibi.12051 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 166JO UT WOS:000320550900017 ER PT J AU Celebi, M Huang, M Shakal, A Hooper, J Klemencic, R AF Celebi, Mehmet Huang, Moh Shakal, Anthony Hooper, John Klemencic, Ron TI Ambient response of a unique performance-based design tall building with dynamic response modification features SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE tall building; performance base; buckling-restrained braces; sloshing damper; core shear wall; ambient response; mode shapes; spectra AB A 64-story, performance-based design building with reinforced concrete core shear walls and unique dynamic response modification features (tuned liquid sloshing dampers and buckling-restrained braces) has been instrumented with a monitoring array of 72 channels of accelerometers. The responses of the building to ambient motions from ground or wind were recorded and analyzed to identify modes and associated frequencies and damping. Not unexpectedly, the low-amplitude dynamic characteristics are considerably different than those computed from design analyses. Nonetheless, these computed values serve as a baseline against which to compare future strong shaking responses. Such studies help to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of the response modification features at various levels of shaking, to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the design analysis tools and to improve similar designs in the future. Copyright (c) 2013 The Authors. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 [Celebi, Mehmet] USGS, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Huang, Moh; Shakal, Anthony] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hooper, John; Klemencic, Ron] Magnusson Klemenc Associates, Seattle, WA USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), USGS, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM celebi@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-7794 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 22 IS 10 BP 816 EP 829 DI 10.1002/tal.1093 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 163JW UT WOS:000320333100006 ER EF