FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Johnson, JB Roberts, JH King, TL Edwards, JW Ford, WM Ray, DA AF Johnson, Joshua B. Roberts, James H. King, Timothy L. Edwards, John W. Ford, W. Mark Ray, David A. TI Genetic structuring of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite; Myotis septentrionalis; New York; Northern myotis; Population genetics; West Virginia ID BATS EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BECHSTEINS BAT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PLECOTUS-AURITUS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SWARMING SITES; FOREST; FLOW AB Although groups of bats may be genetically distinguishable at large spatial scales, the effects of forest disturbances, particularly permanent land use conversions on fine-scale population structure and gene flow of summer aggregations of philopatric bat species are less clear. We genotyped and analyzed variation at 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite markers in 182 individuals of the forest-dwelling northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at multiple spatial scales, from within first-order watersheds scaling up to larger regional areas in West Virginia and New York. Our results indicate that groups of northern myotis were genetically indistinguishable at any spatial scale we considered, and the collective population maintained high genetic diversity. It is likely that the ability to migrate, exploit small forest patches, and use networks of mating sites located throughout the Appalachian Mountains, Interior Highlands, and elsewhere in the hibernation range have allowed northern myotis to maintain high genetic diversity and gene flow regardless of forest disturbances at local and regional spatial scales. A consequence of maintaining high gene flow might be the potential to minimize genetic founder effects following population declines caused currently by the enzootic White-nose Syndrome. C1 [Johnson, Joshua B.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Roberts, James H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Aquat Ecol Branch, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Conservat, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ray, David A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ray, David A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Johnson, Joshua B.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), Penn Game Commiss, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. EM j-johnson3@juno.com FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Joint Venture Agreement from the National Fire Plan [06-JV-11242300-140]; Florida Power and Light; BHE Environmental [06-CO-112331-034] FX We thank C. Dobony, K. Cunningham, and field technicians for collecting wing punches at Fort Drum, New York. J. Rodrigue graciously provided field assistance at Fernow EF. M. Crockett, K. Sturm, and their staff at the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge provided field assistance and access to the Refuge. We thank H. Pagan, N. Platt, J. Smith, and M. Thompson of West Virginia University, and M. Eackles, R. Johnson, B. Lubinski, M. Springmann, and Dr. J. Switzer at the USGS Leetown Science Center for assistance with lab procedures and data analysis. The USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Joint Venture Agreement 06-JV-11242300-140 provided primary funding for our study from the National Fire Plan to West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources. Funding for prescribed burning was provided by a grant from Florida Power and Light and BHE Environmental to the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station through Collection Agreement 06-CO-112331-034. We thank two anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0001-7051 EI 2190-3743 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s13364-013-0163-8 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD3HF UT WOS:000333128200002 ER PT J AU Marr, CLH Robertson, K Reynolds, KD AF Marr, Carrie L. H. Robertson, Kathy Reynolds, Kevin D. TI Methylmercury in Biota Downstream of Arivaca Lake, Arizona, USA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY MERCURY EXPOSURE; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; RANA-SPHENOCEPHALA LARVAE; FATHEAD MINNOWS; METHYL MERCURY; AMPHIBIAN LARVAE; BIOACCUMULATION; BEHAVIOR; WATER; FISH AB Concentrations of total mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were determined in water, sediment, periphyton, spiders, and amphibians from the streams and desert marsh downstream from Arivaca Lake, Arizona, to better understand their distribution and bioaccumulation. Mean concentrations of MeHg in water ranged from 0.09 to 0.93 ng/L, and mean concentrations of total Hg in sediment ranged from 10.4 to 126 mu g/kg. Hg and MeHg in water and sediments downstream from Arivaca Lake were low enough that they did not exceed human health or ecological thresholds. Hg and MeHg between sites ranged from 0.11 to 1.90 mu g/g Hg and 0.01 to 0.3 mu g/g MeHg in periphyton, from 0.09 to 0.25 mu g/g Hg and 0.04 to 0.10 mu g/g MeHg in spiders, and from 0.15 to 0.38 mu g/g Hg and 0.14 to 0.35 mu g/g MeHg in adult bullfrogs. No Hg toxicity data exist for periphyton or spiders, but MeHg concentrations in tadpoles (0.04 +/- A 0.005 mu g/g) were lower than those known to cause sublethal effects and subchronic mortality. The mean total Hg concentration in adult bullfrogs in the present study was 0.24 mu g/g, which is slightly lower than the mean (0.37 mu g/g) from an Hg-contaminated wetland in California. MeHg bioaccumulated at each successive trophic level, and MeHg bioconcentration factors from the Arivaca watershed were similar to those for periphyton but greater than amphibians in other studies. Local resource managers can use these data to determine if water should be released from Arivaca Lake to recharge the aquifer downstream or to decrease Hg methylation in the reservoir. C1 [Marr, Carrie L. H.; Robertson, Kathy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Field Off, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. [Reynolds, Kevin D.] Deepwater Horizon NRDAR, Dept Interior, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Marr, CLH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Field Off, 2321 W Royal Palm Rd,Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. EM carrie_marr@fws.gov FU USFWS, Division of Environmental Quality's On-Refuge Investigations FX We are thankful for the contribution of the many people who participated in this study. Dan Cohan (USFWS) suggested the investigation, and the members of the Arivaca Watershed Education Taskforce had key information on the history of the area. Kyle Todd (USFWS), Jeff Servoss (USFWS), Jason Kohls (Student Conservation Association [SCA]), and Ryan Mateo (SCA) graciously assisted with field collections. Robert Taylor and TERL analyzed Hg and MeHg in water, sediment, periphyton, spiders, and frogs. Mary Richardson and Dan Cohan (USFWS) provided maps. We appreciate the critical reviews provided by Anne Condon, Sarah Warner, and Don Mitchell, which greatly improved the manuscript. This study was funded by USFWS, Division of Environmental Quality's On-Refuge Investigations. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 66 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s00244-013-9983-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AC8MP UT WOS:000332787500002 PM 24468966 ER PT J AU Khan, FR Kennaway, GM Croteau, MN Dybowska, A Smith, BD Nogueira, AJA Rainbow, PS Luoma, SN Valsami-Jones, E AF Khan, Farhan R. Kennaway, Gabrielle M. Croteau, Marie-Noele Dybowska, Agnieszka Smith, Brian D. Nogueira, Antonio J. A. Rainbow, Philip S. Luoma, Samuel N. Valsami-Jones, Eugenia TI In vivo retention of ingested Au NPs by Daphnia magna: No evidence for trans-epithelial alimentary uptake SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Internalization; Depuration kinetics; Electron microscopy ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; TOXICITY; SIZE; GUT; BIOACCUMULATION AB In vivo studies with Daphnia magna remain inconclusive as to whether engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are internalized into tissues after ingestion. Here we used a three-pronged approach to study the in vivo retention and efflux kinetics of 20 nm citrate stabilized Au NPs ingested by this key aquatic species. Daphnids were exposed to suspended particles (600 mu g L-1) for 5 h after which they were depurated for 24 h in clean water containing algae. Light microscopy was used to follow the passage of Au NPs through the gastrointestinal tract, Au body burdens were determined by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the presence and distribution of Au NPs in tissues. Results revealed that the elimination of Au NPs was bi-phasic. The fast elimination phase lasted <1 h and the rate constant at which Au (of Au NPs) was eliminated was 1.12 +/- 0.34 h(-1) (+/- SE) which accounted for, similar to 75% of the ingested Au. The remaining similar to 25% of the ingested Au NPs was eliminated at a 100-fold slower rate. TEM analysis revealed that Au NPs in the midgut were in close proximity to the peritrophic membrane after 1 and 24 h of depuration. There were no observations of Au NP uptake at the microvilli. Thus, although Au NPs were retained in the gut lumen, there was no observable internalization into the gut epithelial cells. Similar to carbon nanotubes and CuO NPs, our findings indicate that in daphnids the in vivo retention of Au NPs does not necessarily result in their internalization. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, Farhan R.; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Smith, Brian D.; Rainbow, Philip S.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Kennaway, Gabrielle M.] Nat Hist Museum, Imaging & Anal Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nogueira, Antonio J. A.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Nogueira, Antonio J. A.] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Khan, FR (reprint author), Roskilde Univ, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change ENSPAC, Univ Veg 1,POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM frkhan@ruc.dk RI Nogueira, Antonio/A-7314-2008; Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; Khan, Farhan/J-4316-2016; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; OI Nogueira, Antonio/0000-0001-7089-2508; Khan, Farhan/0000-0002-9251-2972; Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 FU European Union [214478] FX This study was developed from an idea conceived for a workshop session at the Nano Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Training Workshop which followed the 6th International Conference on the Environmental Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials held in London (UK) in 2011. Funding was received from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 214478 (NanoReTox). We are grateful to D. Cain for reviewing this paper as well as two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD APR PY 2014 VL 100 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.051 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC1OB UT WOS:000332264800014 PM 24411838 ER PT J AU Mu, CC Zhang, TJ Schuster, PF Schaefer, K Wickland, KP Repert, DA Liu, L Schaefer, T Cheng, GD AF Mu, Cuicui Zhang, Tingjun Schuster, Paul F. Schaefer, Kevin Wickland, Kimberly P. Repert, Deborah A. Liu, Lin Schaefer, Tim Cheng, Guodong TI Carbon and geochemical properties of cryosols on the North Slope of Alaska SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Permafrost; Soil bulk density; C/N ratio; Incubation experiment; Radioactive C-14 dating; Microbial respiration ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; BULK-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS; C-N RATIOS; FOREST SOILS; PERMAFROST CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC ALASKA; TUNDRA SOILS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LATITUDINAL TRANSECT AB Cryosols contain roughly 1700 Gt of Soil organic carbon (SOC) roughly double the carbon content of the atmosphere. As global temperature rises and permafrost thaws, this carbon reservoir becomes vulnerable to microbial decomposition, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions that will amplify anthropogenic warming. Improving our understanding of carbon dynamics in thawing permafrost requires more data on carbon and nitrogen content, soil physical and chemical properties and substrate quality in cryosols. We analyzed five permafrost cores obtained from the North Slope of Alaska during the summer of 2009. The relationship between SOC and soil bulk density can be adequately represented by a logarithmic function. Gas fluxes at -5 degrees C and -5 degrees C were measured to calculate the temperature response quotient (Q(10)). Q(10) and the respiration per unit soil C were higher in permafrost-affected soils than that in the active layer, suggesting that decomposition and heterotrophic respiration in ciyosols may contribute more to global warming. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mu, Cuicui; Cheng, Guodong] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Mu, Cuicui; Zhang, Tingjun] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Tingjun; Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schuster, Paul F.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Repert, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Liu, Lin] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schaefer, Tim] Galmont Consulting, Chicago, IL USA. RP Zhang, TJ (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM tjzhang@lzu.edu.cn OI Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91025013, 91325202]; Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-XB3-03]; National Natural Basic Personnel Training Foundation [Y011531001] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the two referees for their constructive comments and correction of the English. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91025013), (91325202), Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-XB3-03) and the National Natural Basic Personnel Training Foundation (Y011531001), and was finished at the National Snow and Ice Data Center and the United States Geological Survey, Boulder Campus, and the US NSF, NOAA, NASA projects as well. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD APR PY 2014 VL 100 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.01.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AD0FN UT WOS:000332910000006 ER PT J AU Winder, VL McNew, LB Gregory, AJ Hunt, LM Wisely, SM Sandercock, BK AF Winder, Virginia L. McNew, Lance B. Gregory, Andrew J. Hunt, Lyla M. Wisely, Samantha M. Sandercock, Brett K. TI Effects of wind energy development on survival of female greater prairie- chickens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE collisions; grassland bird community; grouse; hazard function; mortality; predation; wind turbine ID SAGE-GROUSE POPULATIONS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; BIRD MORTALITY; TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; RESOURCE AREA; LEK EVOLUTION; SELECTION; TURBINES AB 1. The potential effects of wind energy development on wildlife have received increased attention over the past decade. In Kansas, optimal sites for wind energy development often overlap with preferred habitats of greater prairie-chickens Tympanuchus cupido. Our goal was to determine whether wind energy development affected survival of female prairie-chickens in a grassland ecosystem, assessing one potential impact of wind on an upland gamebird of conservation concern. We focused primarily on the response of female prairie-chickens to wind energy development because population dynamics of prairie-chickens are primarily determined by female demography. 2. We monitored prairie-chickens at a wind facility in Kansas during a 2-year pre-construction (2007-2008) and a 3-year post-construction period (2009-2011). We used data from 220 radio-marked females to calculate weekly survival and hazard rates. We used cause of death for 81 mortality events to test for changes in the proportion of mortalities attributed to mammalian predators, avian predators and collisions. 3. We observed an unexpected increase in annual survival during the post-construction period (0.57) compared with the pre-construction period (0.32). Distance from home range centroid to the nearest wind turbine site had no effect on weekly survival of females. Collision mortality events were rare, and most were associated with fences or transmission lines and not turbine blades. 4. Most female mortality was due to predation (c. 90%). Differences in annual survival were driven by a higher risk of mortality during lekking activity in March and April during the pre-construction period (weekly hazard rate = 0.050-0.062) compared with the post-construction period (hazard rate = 0.012-0.021). We observed no change in the proportion of mortalities attributed to different causes between the two treatment periods. 5. Synthesis and applications. Development of a wind energy facility had no negative effect on survival of female prairie-chickens. The results of our field study indicate that greater prairie-chickens are less sensitive to wind energy development than lesser prairie-chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus and greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus are to oil and gas development. We have strong evidence that survival increased after wind energy development, and hypothesize that energy development affected the local predator community, resulting in an indirect effect of decreased predation risk during the post-construction period. C1 [Winder, Virginia L.; Hunt, Lyla M.; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McNew, Lance B.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Gregory, Andrew J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Wisely, Samantha M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sandercock, BK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bsanderc@k-state.edu RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 FU National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (NWCC); Department of Energy; National Renewable Energies Laboratory; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, Tourism; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Kansas and Oklahoma chapters of The Nature Conservancy; BP Alternative Energy; FPL Energy; Horizon Wind Energy; Iberdrola Renewables FX We thank the field technicians who helped to collect field data. All capture, marking and tracking activities were performed under the requisite institutional and state wildlife research permits. Research funding and equipment were provided by a consortium of federal and state wildlife agencies, conservation groups and wind energy partners under the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative (NWCC) including the Department of Energy, National Renewable Energies Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, & Tourism, Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Kansas and Oklahoma chapters of The Nature Conservancy, BP Alternative Energy, FPL Energy, Horizon Wind Energy and Iberdrola Renewables. M.A. Patten, J.S. Sedinger, and an anonymous reviewer provided useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 51 IS 2 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12184 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC9DX UT WOS:000332835600013 ER PT J AU Bontrager, M Webster, K Elvin, M Parker, IM AF Bontrager, Megan Webster, Kelsey Elvin, Mark Parker, Ingrid M. TI The effects of habitat and competitive/facilitative interactions on reintroduction success of the endangered wetland herb, Arenaria paludicola SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indicator species; Endangered species; Marsh sandwort; Experimental transplant; Competition; Facilitation ID DOMINANT MACROPHYTE; PLANTS; BIODIVERSITY; RARE; CONSERVATION AB Establishing new populations is essential for preventing the extinction of critically endangered plant species. However, defining the range of environmental conditions suitable for the most severely endangered species is challenging, since few wild populations remain for study. Experimental reintroductions of these species can achieve multiple conservation goals by improving our understanding of habitat and management requirements while simultaneously establishing new populations. We demonstrate this with Arenaria paludicola, a critically endangered wetland plant species now known from a single wild population in coastal California. Before transplanting, we tested salinity tolerance in the greenhouse, and found tolerance of a broader range of soils than expected based on the current distribution. We then transplanted A. paludicola in three different habitat types, with and without neighbor removal. Success of A. paludicola transplants differed dramatically between the three habitat types, indicating the importance of variation at the habitat and microhabitat level. The best practices for transplant management are context-dependent: neighbor removal may promote the growth of A. paludicola, but neighbors may also facilitate transplant establishment in unstable substrates. After one year, A. paludicola continued to thrive in habitats dominated by Oenanthe sarmentosa with open canopies and moist soil. This habitat differs from that of the remaining wild population. Our discovery of an additional habitat type suitable for A. paludicola will allow more effective selection of future transplant sites. C1 [Bontrager, Megan; Webster, Kelsey; Parker, Ingrid M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Elvin, Mark] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura Off, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Bontrager, M (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 3529-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM mgbontrager@gmail.com FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We would like to thank Connie Rutherford of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Tim Hyland of California State Parks, and Jim Velzy and Denise Polk from the University of California, Santa Cruz greenhouses, and Chris Muir for statistical advice. We also greatly appreciate the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 54 U2 156 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 215 IS 4 BP 467 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s11258-014-0317-z PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AD2GN UT WOS:000333052400009 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Fales, K Jay, CV Sage, GK Talbot, SL AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Fales, Krystal Jay, Chadwick V. Sage, George K. Talbot, Sandra L. TI Spatial variation and low diversity in the major histocompatibility complex in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Genetic diversity; Major histocompatibility complex; Odobenus rosmarus; Population genetic structure; Walrus ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; SEALS HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; HOST-PARASITE SYSTEMS; PACIFIC WALRUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM AB Increased global temperature and associated changes to Arctic habitats will likely result in the northward advance of species, including an influx of pathogens novel to the Arctic. How species respond to these immunological challenges will depend in part on the adaptive potential of their immune response system. We compared levels of genetic diversity at a gene associated with adaptive immune response [Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), DQB exon 2] between populations of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), a sea ice-dependent Arctic species. Walrus was represented by only five MHC DQB alleles, with frequency differences observed between Pacific and Atlantic populations. MHC DQB alleles appear to be under balancing selection, and most (80 %; n = 4/5) of the alleles were observed in walruses from both oceans, suggesting broad scale differences in the frequency of exposure and diversity of pathogens may be influencing levels of heterozygosity at DQB in walruses. Limited genetic diversity at MHC, however, suggests that walrus may have a reduced capacity to respond to novel immunological challenges associated with shifts in ecological communities and environmental stressors predicted for changing climates. This is particularly pertinent for walrus, since reductions in summer sea ice may facilitate both northward expansion of marine species and associated pathogens from more temperate regions, and exchange of marine mammals and associated pathogens through the recently opened Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the Canadian high Arctic. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; Jay, Chadwick V.; Sage, George K.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fales, Krystal] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Wildlife Program FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Wildlife Program. Research was conducted under institutional animal care and use committee approval ( approval number 06SOP06). We thank the scientific staff and crew for sample collections during cruises aboard the USCG Healy, R/V Magadan, and R/V Stimson; E. W. Born for providing samples from Atlantic walruses; A. Fischbach for assisting with Pacific walrus sample collection; and R. Dial, Alaska Pacific University, for undergraduate mentorship of K. F. The manuscript was improved by comments from C. Lindqvist, University at Buffalo, and R. Wilson, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1450-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC8GF UT WOS:000332770800005 ER PT J AU Eoff, JD AF Eoff, Jennifer D. TI Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: Transgressing assumptions of cratonic flooding SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Cambrian; Sauk; Tunnel City Group; Sequence stratigraphy; Transgressive systems tract ID WEDGE SYSTEMS TRACT; BASE-LEVEL FALL; NORTH-AMERICA; STRANDED PARASEQUENCES; FOSSIL RECORD; ORIGIN; VARIABILITY; DEPOSITION; PERSPECTIVE; BOUNDARY AB New data from detailed measured sections permit comprehensive analysis of the sequence framework of the Furongian (Upper Cambrian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan stages) Tunnel City Group (Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation) of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The sequence-stratigraphic architecture of the lower part of the Sunwaptan Stage at the base of the Tunnel City Group, at the contact between the Wonewoc Formation and Lone Rock Formation, records the first part of complex polyphase flooding (Sauk III) of the Laurentian craton, at a scale smaller than most events recorded by global sea-level curves. Flat-pebble conglomerate and glauconite document transgressive ravinement and development of a condensed section when creation of accommodation exceeded its consumption by sedimentation. Thinly-bedded, fossiliferous sandstone represents the most distal setting during earliest highstand. Subsequent deposition of sandstone characterized by hummocky or trough cross-stratification records progradational pulses of shallower, storm- and wave-dominated environments across the craton before final flooding of Sauk III commenced with carbonate deposition during the middle part of the Sunwaptan Stage. Comparison of early Sunwaptan flooding of the inner Laurentian craton to published interpretations from other parts of North America suggests that Sauk III was not a single, long-term accommodation event as previously proposed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eoff, Jennifer D.] Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Eoff, Jennifer D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Eoff, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jeoff@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR 0308685] FX This paper is expanded and revised from a PhD dissertation completed at the University of Oklahoma, which was funded by NSF Grant EAR 0308685 to S.R. Westrop. I would like to thank reviewers of this manuscript, Luis Buatois, University of Saskatchewan, Pat Eriksson, University of Pretoria, and Ron C. Johnson, U.S. Geological Survey, for their insightful comments. From the University of Oldahoma, I would like to thank Steve Westrop, Roger Burkhalter and Colt Nickel. As always, I acknowledge the inspiring work of Robert Dott, Jr. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 302 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.007 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA AC8WQ UT WOS:000332816200005 ER PT J AU Eoff, JD AF Eoff, Jennifer D. TI Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: New insight on the old stormy debate SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Cambrian; Upper Mississippi Valley; Epicontinental; Glauconite; Flat-pebble conglomerate; Hummocky cross-stratification ID HUMMOCKY CROSS-STRATIFICATION; INTENSE WINTER STORMS; UNIDIRECTIONAL WATER FLOWS; VARIABLE BEDDING SEQUENCES; TROPICAL HURRICANES; BED CONFIGURATIONS; DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS; SOUTHWESTERN OREGON; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA AB New data from detailed measured sections permit a comprehensive revision of the sedimentary facies of the Furongian (upper Cambrian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan stages) Tunnel City Group (Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation) of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Heterogeneous sandstones, comprising seven lithofacies along a depositional transect from shoreface to transitional-offshore environments, record sedimentation in a storm-dominated, shallow-marine epicontinental sea. The origin of glauconite in the Birkmose Member and Reno Member of the Lone Rock Formation was unclear, but its formation and preserved distribution are linked to inferred depositional energy rather than just net sedimentation rate. Flat-pebble conglomerate, abundant in lower Paleozoic strata, was associated with the formation of a condensed section during cratonic flooding. Hummocky cross-stratification was a valuable tool used to infer depositional settings and relative paleobathymetry, and the model describing formation of this bedform is expanded to address flow types dominant during its genesis, in particular the importance of an early unidirectional component of combined flow. The depositional model developed here for the Lone Rock Formation and Mazomanie Formation is broadly applicable to other strata common to the early Paleozoic that document sedimentation along flooded cratonic interiors or shallow shelves. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eoff, Jennifer D.] Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Eoff, Jennifer D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Eoff, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jeoff@usgs.gov FU NSF [EAR 0308685] FX This paper is expanded and revised from a PhD dissertation completed at the University of Oklahoma, which was funded by NSF Grant EAR 0308685 to S.R. Westrop. I would like to thank reviewers of this manuscript, Heinrich Bahlburg, Westfalische Wilhelm-Universitat Munster, Luis Buatois, University of Saskatchewan, and D. Higley, U.S. Geological Survey, for their insightful comments. Support was also provided by Anthony Runkel, Minnesota Geological Survey, and Nigel Hughes, University of California Riverside. I would also like to express gratitude to Steve Westrop and Roger Burkhalter, University of Oklahoma. Howard White, Kerr-McGee Oil and Gas Corporation, arranged funding of thin-section preparations. As always, I acknowledge the inspiring work of Robert Dott, Jr. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 EI 1879-0968 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 302 BP 102 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.008 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA AC8WQ UT WOS:000332816200006 ER PT J AU Turnipseed, DP Middleton, BA AF Turnipseed, D. Phil Middleton, Beth A. TI Foreword: Function, Classification and Management of Asian Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Conservation; Natural areas protection; Wetland development; Wetland restoration AB Asian wetland conservation is critical for future environmental protection in the region, but these wetlands are understudied. In particular, there is a lack of research studies published in English due to the limited access of Asian researchers to western scientific journals. This special feature of Wetlands showcases primary research conducted in Asian wetlands and was sponsored by various agencies of the U.S. and Chinese governments including the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of State, and The State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China. The featured articles should be of great value to wetland scientists, managers and policy-makers with an interest in the conservation of Asian wetlands. C1 [Turnipseed, D. Phil; Middleton, Beth A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Middleton, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM pturnip@usgs.gov; middletonb@usgs.gov OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD APR PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s13157-014-0519-0 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC9AE UT WOS:000332825400001 ER PT J AU Clauer, N Lewan, MD Dolan, MP Chaudhuri, S Curtis, JB AF Clauer, N. Lewan, M. D. Dolan, M. P. Chaudhuri, S. Curtis, J. B. TI Mineralogical, chemical and K-Ar isotopic changes in Kreyenhagen Shale whole rocks and < 2 mu m clay fractions during natural burial and hydrous-pyrolysis experimental maturation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM GENERATION; ILLITE CONVERSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SMECTITE; DIAGENESIS; TRANSFORMATION; METAMORPHISM; KEROGEN; CARBON; RATIO AB Progressive maturation of the Eocene Kreyenhagen Shale from the San Joaquin Basin of California was studied by combining mineralogical and chemical analyses with K-Ar dating of whole rocks and <2 mu m clay fractions from naturally buried samples and laboratory induced maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of an immature outcrop sample. The K-Ar age decreases from 89.9 +/- 3.9 and 72.4 +/- 4.2 Ma for the outcrop whole rock and its <2 mu m fraction, respectively, to 29.7 +/- 1.5 and 21.0 +/- 0.7 Ma for the equivalent materials buried to 5167 m. The natural maturation does not produce K-Ar ages in the historical sense, but rather K/Ar ratios of relative K and radiogenic Ar-40 amounts resulting from a combined crystallization of authigenic and alteration of initial detrital K-bearing minerals of the rocks. The Al/K ratio of the naturally matured rocks is essentially constant for the entire depth sequence, indicating that there is no detectable variation in the crystallo-chemical organization of the K-bearing alumino-silicates with depth. No supply of K from outside of the rock volumes occurred, which indicates a closed-system behavior for it. Conversely, the content of the total organic carbon (TOC) content decreases significantly with burial, based on the progressive increasing Al/TOC ratio of the whole rocks. The initial varied mineralogy and chemistry of the rocks and their <2 mu m fractions resulting from differences in detrital sources and depositional settings give scattered results that homogenize progressively during burial due to increased authigenesis, and concomitant increased alteration of the detrital material. Hydrous pyrolysis was intended to alleviate the problem of mineral and chemical variations in initially deposited rocks of naturally matured sequences. However, experiments on aliquots from thermally immature Kreyenhagen Shale outcrop sample did not mimic the results from naturally buried samples. Experiments conducted for 72 h at temperatures from 270 to 365 degrees C did not induce significant changes at temperatures above 310 degrees C in the mineralogical composition and K-Ar ages of the rock and <2 mu m fraction. The K-Ar ages of the <2 mu m fraction range from 72.4 +/- 4.2 Ma in the outcrop sample to 62.4 +/- 3.4 Ma in the sample heated the most at 365 degrees C for 216 h. This slight decrease in age outlines some loss of radiogenic Ar-40, together with losses of organic matter as oil, gas, and aqueous organic species. Large amounts of smectite layers in the illite-smectite mixed layers of the pyrolyzed outcrop <2 mu m fraction remain during thermal experiments, especially above 310 degrees C. With no illitization detected above 310 degrees C, smectite appears to have inhibited rather than promoted generation of expelled oil from decomposition of bitumen. This hindrance is interpreted to result from bitumen impregnating the smectite interlayer sites and rock matrix. Bitumen remains in the <2 mu m fraction despite leaching with H2O2. Its presence in the smectite interlayers is apparent by the inability of the clay fraction to fully expand or collapse once bitumen generation from the thermal decomposition of the kerogen is completed, and by almost invariable K-Ar ages confirming for the lack of any K supply and/or radiogenic Ar-40 removal. This suggests that once bitumen impregnates the porosity of a progressively maturing source rock, the pore system is no longer wetted by water and smectite to illite conversion ceases. Experimental attempts to evaluate the smectite conversion to illite should preferentially use low-TOC rocks to avoid inhibition of the reaction by bitumen impregnation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Clauer, N.] CNRS UdS, Lab Hydrol & Geochim Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Lewan, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Dolan, M. P.] Dolan Integrat Grp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Chaudhuri, S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Curtis, J. B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Clauer, N (reprint author), CNRS UdS, Lab Hydrol & Geochim Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. EM nclauer@unistra.fr NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 130 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.01.007 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AC3GV UT WOS:000332405700007 ER PT J AU Levine, CR Yanai, RD Lampman, GG Burns, DA Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Lynch, JA Schoch, N AF Levine, Carrie R. Yanai, Ruth D. Lampman, Gregory G. Burns, Douglas A. Driscoll, Charles T. Lawrence, Gregory B. Lynch, Jason A. Schoch, Nina TI Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Long-term; Lakes; Monitoring; Streams; Loons; Biomass ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK REGION; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; MERCURY; CARBON; LAKES; UNCERTAINTY AB Statistical uncertainty analyses can be used to improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring, allowing sampling designs to maximize information gained relative to resources required for data collection and analysis. In this paper, we illustrate four methods of data analysis appropriate to four types of environmental monitoring designs. To analyze a long-term record from a single site, we applied a general linear model to weekly stream chemistry data at Biscuit Brook, NY, to simulate the effects of reducing sampling effort and to evaluate statistical confidence in the detection of change over time. To illustrate a detectable difference analysis, we analyzed a one-time survey of mercury concentrations in loon tissues in lakes in the Adirondack Park, NY, demonstrating the effects of sampling intensity on statistical power and the selection of a resampling interval. To illustrate a bootstrapping method, we analyzed the plot-level sampling intensity of forest inventory at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, to quantify the sampling regime needed to achieve a desired confidence interval. Finally, to analyze time-series data from multiple sites, we assessed the number of lakes and the number of samples per year needed to monitor change over time in Adirondack lake chemistry using a repeated-measures mixed-effects model. Evaluations of time series and synoptic long-term monitoring data can help determine whether sampling should be re-allocated in space or time to optimize the use of financial and human resources. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Levine, Carrie R.; Yanai, Ruth D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Lampman, Gregory G.] New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, New York, NY 12203 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.; Lawrence, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Lynch, Jason A.] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Schoch, Nina] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. RP Levine, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crlevine@berkeley.edu; rdyanai@syr.edu; ggl@nyserda.ny.gov; daburns@usgs.gov; ctdrisco@syr.edu; glawrenc@usgs.gov; lynch.jason@epamail.epa.gov; nina.schoch@briloon.org RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; OI Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890 FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation; National Science Foundation FX Support for this study was provided by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. We appreciate the support of the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in providing lake chemistry data from the Adirondack Long Term Monitoring program. We thank Kevin Civerolo, Alan Domaracki, and Gary Lovett for providing valuable feedback on an earlier version of this work and Eddie Bevilacqua for advising us on mixed model analyses. Thanks also to the Journal of Forestry for permission to reprint the map of Hubbard Brook W6. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Hubbard Brook is part of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3IX UT WOS:000331685600011 ER PT J AU Petty, JT Thorne, D Huntsman, BM Mazik, PM AF Petty, J. Todd Thorne, David Huntsman, Brock M. Mazik, Patricia M. TI The temperature-productivity squeeze: constraints on brook trout growth along an Appalachian river continuum SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Brook trout; Growth and consumption; Diet; Watershed scale; Density dependence; Competition; Thermal refugia ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LENGTH-MASS RELATIONSHIPS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; WATER TEMPERATURE; PREY CONSUMPTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; STREAM SALMONIDS AB We tested the hypothesis that brook trout growth rates are controlled by a complex interaction of food availability, water temperature, and competitor density. We quantified trout diet, growth, and consumption in small headwater tributaries characterized as cold with low food and high trout density, larger tributaries characterized as cold with moderate food and moderate trout density, and large main stems characterized as warm with high food and low trout density. Brook trout consumption was highest in the main stem where diets shifted from insects in headwaters to fishes and crayfish in larger streams. Despite high water temperatures, trout growth rates also were consistently highest in the main stem, likely due to competitively dominant trout monopolizing thermal refugia. Temporal changes in trout density had a direct negative effect on brook trout growth rates. Our results suggest that competition for food constrains brook trout growth in small streams, but access to thermal refugia in productive main stem habitats enables dominant trout to supplement growth at a watershed scale. Brook trout conservation in this region should seek to relieve the "temperature-productivity squeeze," whereby brook trout productivity is constrained by access to habitats that provide both suitable water temperature and sufficient prey. C1 [Petty, J. Todd; Thorne, David; Huntsman, Brock M.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Petty, JT (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jtpetty@mail.wvu.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for financial support for this study. Comments from Kyle Hartman greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank Mike Shingleton and Steve Brown from the WVDNR for sharing their expertise and ideas. As always, we are grateful to Becky Nestor for her administrative support of this project. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR PY 2014 VL 727 IS 1 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1794-0 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA3BM UT WOS:000330967900011 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Segou, M Marzocchi, W AF Parsons, Tom Segou, Margaret Marzocchi, Warner TI The global aftershock zone SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Earthquake triggering; Dynamic triggering; Aftershocks; Seismic hazard ID REMOTELY TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; SLIP-WEAKENING DISTANCE; 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STRESS-STRAIN CHANGES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DYNAMIC STRESSES; HECTOR MINE; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; COULOMB FAILURE AB The aftershock zone of each large (M 7) earthquake extends throughout the shallows of planet Earth. Most aftershocks cluster near the mainshock rupture, but earthquakes send out shivers in the form of seismic waves, and these temporary distortions are large enough to trigger other earthquakes at global range. The aftershocks that happen at great distance from their mainshock are often superposed onto already seismically active regions, making them difficult to detect and understand. From a hazard perspective we are concerned that this dynamic process might encourage other high magnitude earthquakes, and wonder if a global alarm state is warranted after every large mainshock. From an earthquake process perspective we are curious about the physics of earthquake triggering across the magnitude spectrum. In this review we build upon past studies that examined the combined global response to mainshocks. Such compilations demonstrate significant rate increases during, and immediately after (similar to 45 min) M > 7.0 mainshocks in all tectonic settings and ranges. However, it is difficult to find strong evidence for M > 5 rate increases during the passage of surface waves in combined global catalogs. On the other hand, recently published studies of individual large mainshocks associate M > 5 triggering at global range that is delayed by hours to days after surface wave arrivals. The longer the delay between mainshock and global aftershock, the more difficult it is to establish causation. To address these questions, we review the response to 260 M >= 7.0 shallow (Z <= 50 km) mainshocks in 21 global regions with local seismograph networks. In this way we can examine the detailed temporal and spatial response, or lack thereof, during passing seismic waves, and over the 24 h period after their passing. We see an array of responses that can involve immediate and widespread seismicity outbreaks, delayed and localized earthquake clusters, to no response at all. About 50% of the catalogs that we studied showed possible (localized delayed) remote triggering, and similar to 20% showed probable (instantaneous broadly distributed) remote triggering. However, in any given region, at most only about 2-3% of global mainshocks caused significant local earthquake rate increases. These rate increases are mostly composed of small magnitude events, and we do not find significant evidence of dynamically triggered M > 5 earthquakes. If we assume that the few observed M > 5 events are triggered, we find that they are not directly associated with surface wave passage, with first incidences being 9-10 h later. We note that mainshock magnitude, relative proximity, amplitude spectra, peak ground motion, and mainshock focal mechanisms are not reliable determining factors as to whether a mainshock will cause remote triggering. By elimination, azimuth, and polarization of surface waves with respect to receiver faults may be more important factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Marzocchi, Warner] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-99,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Marzocchi, Warner/J-9299-2012; OI Marzocchi, Warner/0000-0002-9114-1516; Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 142 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 31 PY 2014 VL 618 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.01.038 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AF1OK UT WOS:000334483000001 ER PT J AU Bruna, JLG Carbo-Gorosabel, A Estrada, PL Munoz-Martin, A ten Brink, US Ballesteros, MG Druet, M Pazos, A AF Granja Bruna, J. L. Carbo-Gorosabel, A. Llanes Estrada, P. Munoz-Martin, A. ten Brink, U. S. Gomez Ballesteros, M. Druet, M. Pazos, A. TI Morphostructure at the junction between the Beata ridge and the Greater Antilles island arc (offshore Hispaniola southern slope) SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Caribbean plate; Hispaniola block; Beata ridge; Muertos thrust belt; Island arc; Collisional tectonics ID CARIBBEAN IGNEOUS PROVINCE; 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE; MUERTOS TROUGH; OBLIQUE COLLISION; SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY; GPS MEASUREMENTS; VENEZUELA BASIN; PLATE MARGIN; PUERTO-RICO; SEA AB Oblique convergence between the Caribbean plate's interior and the inactive Greater Antilles island arc has resulted in the collision and impingement of the thickened crust of the Beata ridge into southern Hispaniola Island. Deformation resulting from this convergence changes from a low-angle southward-verging thrust south of eastern Hispaniola, to collision and uplift in south-central Hispaniola, and to left-lateral transpression along the Southern peninsula of Haiti in western Hispaniola. Using new swath bathymetly and a dense seismic reflection grid, we mapped the morphological, structural and sedimentological elements of offshore southern Hispaniola. We have identified four morphotectonic provinces: the Dominican sub-basin, the Muertos margin, the Beata ridge and the Haiti sub-basin. The lower slope of the Muertos margin is occupied by the active Muertos thrust belt, which includes several active out-of-sequence thrust faults that, were they to rupture along their entire length, could generate large-magnitude earthquakes. The interaction of the thrust belt with the Beata ridge yields a huge recess and the imbricate system disappears. The upper slope of the Muertos margin shows thick slope deposits where the extensional tectonics and slumping processes predominate. The northern Beata ridge consists of an asymmetrically uplifted and faulted block of oceanic crust. Our results suggest that the shallower structure and morphology of the northern Beata ridge can be mainly explained by a mechanism of extensional unloading from the Upper Cretaceous onward that is still active residually along the summit of the ridge. The tectonic models for the northern Beata ridge involving active reverse strike slip faults and transpression caused by the oblique convergence between the Beata ridge and the island arc are not supported by the structural interpretation. The eastern Bahoruco slope an old normal fault that acts as a passive tear fault accommodating the sharp along-strike transition from low-angle thrusting to collision and uplifting. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Granja Bruna, J. L.; Carbo-Gorosabel, A.; Llanes Estrada, P.; Munoz-Martin, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Madrid 28040, Spain. [ten Brink, U. S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gomez Ballesteros, M.; Druet, M.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Munoz-Martin, A.] Inst Geociencias, CSIC UCM, Madrid, Spain. [Pazos, A.] Real Observ & Inst Armada, San Fernando 11100, Spain. RP Bruna, JLG (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, Appl Tectonophys Grp, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM jlgranja@geo.ucm.es RI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/L-5811-2014; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/0000-0002-5302-5119; GRANJA BRUNA, JOSE-LUIS/0000-0001-8741-5388; ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 FU Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science [CTM2006-13666, CGL2010-17715]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; DirecciOn General de Mineria of the Dominican Republic FX This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science (Projects: CTM2006-13666 and CGL2010-17715), by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and by the DirecciOn General de Mineria of the Dominican Republic. Particular thanks to Santiago Munoz, Director of the Servicio Geologic Nacional of Dominican Republic, and to Pacual Prota, President of the Autoridad Nacional de Asuntos Maritimos of Dominican Republic, for their engagement and contribution to the CARIBENORTE project. We are indebted to the crew and technicians of the RN Hesperides, R/V Ron Brown and the Dominican Navy Ship Orion for their professional help at sea. The professional work of the technicians of the Unidad de Tecnologia Marina is greatly appreciated. Most of the seismic profiles were provided by The Academic Seismic Portal (UTIG), the National Archive of Marine Seismic Surveys (USGS), the Marine Geoscience Data Management System (LDEO), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA) and the Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER). We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the SRTM90 data used in the onshore regions. We are grateful to Manuel Roman Alpiste and Claudia Flores for technical assistance and seismic data processing, and to Bill Danforth and Brian Andrews for swath data processing and mapping. We thank to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 31 PY 2014 VL 618 BP 138 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.02.001 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AF1OK UT WOS:000334483000008 ER PT J AU Schenk, ER Moulin, B Hupp, CR Richter, JM AF Schenk, Edward R. Moulin, Bertrand Hupp, Cliff R. Richter, Jean M. TI Large wood budget and transport dynamics on a large river using radio telemetry SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bank erosion; large wood; dam regulation; radio tagging; logjam ID LOWER ROANOKE RIVER; MOUNTAIN STREAM; NORTH-CAROLINA; AIN RIVER; DEBRIS; USA; RETENTION; OREGON; BASIN; VARIABILITY AB Despite the abundance of large wood (LW) river studies there is still a lack of understanding of LW transport dynamics on large low gradient rivers. This study used 290 radio frequency identification tagged (RFID) LW and 54 metal (aluminum) tagged LW, to quantify the percent of in-channel LW that moves per year and what variables play a role in LW transport dynamics. Aluminum tags were installed and monitored on LW in-transit during the rising limb of a flood, the mean distance traveled by those pieces during the week was 13.3 river kilometers (km) with a maximum distance of 72 km. RFID tagged LW moved a mean of 11.9 km/yr with a maximum observed at 101.1 km/yr. Approximately 41% of LW low on the bank moves per year. The high rate of transport and distance traveled is likely due to the lack of interaction between LW floating in the channel and the channel boundaries, caused primarily by the width of the channel relative to length of the LW. Approximately 80% of the RFID tags moved past a fixed reader during the highest 20% of river stage per year. LW transport and logjam dynamics are complicated at high flows as pieces form temporary jams that continually expand and contract. Unlike most other studies, key members that create a logjam were defined more by stability than jam size or channel/hydrologic conditions. Finally, using an existing geomorphic database for the river, and data from this study, we were able to develop a comprehensive LW budget showing that 5% of the in-channel LW population turns over each year (input from mass wasting and fluvial erosion equals burial, decomposition, and export out of system) and another 16% of the population moving within the system. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Schenk, Edward R.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Moulin, Bertrand] AEMGEO Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR Environm Ville & Soc 5600, Lyon, France. [Richter, Jean M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Roanoke River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Windsor, NC USA. RP Schenk, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eschenk@usgs.gov OI Schenk, Edward/0000-0001-6886-5754 FU US Geological Survey Ecosystem Mission Area; US Geological Survey National Research Program FX The authors would like to thank Martin County (NC) for providing electricity and hosting the RFID fixed reader and antennas at Moratoc Park in Williamston, NC. Field support was provided by Myles Robinson, Bridget Lins, Patrick Kelly, and Russ Gray. Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey's Ecosystem Mission Area and National Research Program. The manuscript was improved with the help and comments of anonymous reviewers. Additional logistical and travel support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service - Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge. Use of brand names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAR 30 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1002/esp.3463 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AD1NS UT WOS:000333001300006 ER PT J AU Gustine, DD Barboza, PS Addison, J Shively, R Oliver, L AF Gustine, David D. Barboza, Perry S. Addison, Jennifer Shively, Rachel Oliver, Lola TI Isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; BODY PROTEIN; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; BANKS ISLAND; DAIRY-COWS; FECES; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; REINDEER AB RATIONALEThe ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes (N-15 values) in excreta have been used to examine aspects of trophic and nutritional ecology across taxa. Nitrogen fractions in feces of herbivores include endogenous (e.g., sloughed intestinal cells, unresorbed digestive secretions, and microbial debris) and dietary sources. For animals such as large herbivores, that have diets and feces with high concentrations of indigestible fiber, endogenous N-15 may constrain the use of fecal N-15 values to estimate dietary N-15 values and reconstruct diets. METHODSWe compared two techniques (detergent and detergent-free) to isolate fractions of plant fibers in the forages of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus); estimated the discrimination factors between the N-15 values of fecal fiber residues and of the diets of captive animals; and used the more effective isotopic tracer of dietary N-15 values to examine the relationships between the N-15 values of fecal residues and diet composition in several populations of wild caribou and muskoxen throughout North America in winter. RESULTSThe detergent-based approach contaminated the fractions of plant fibers in forages and feces with N-14, whereas the detergent-free method was a good proxy to estimate N-15 values of plant fibers (r(2)=0.92) and provided a better estimate of the fecal-fiber to diet discrimination factor for both species (caribou=3.6; muskoxen=2.8 parts per thousand). In wild populations, the N-15 values of fecal fibers reflected diet composition in muskoxen (adjusted R-2=0.43) but not caribou (adjusted R-2=0.06). CONCLUSIONSContamination from detergent residues prohibited the use of detergent extraction in isolating forage N-15 from endogenous N-15 in the feces of herbivores. Although N-15 values in fecal fibers can be used to track dietary N-15 values in wild herbivores, discrimination between fecal extracts and diet may vary with the contribution of endogenous nitrogen (N), and, therefore, residual endogenous N-15 in feces may limit dietary reconstructions from fecal N-15 values for some large herbivores. Published in 2014. This article is a U. S Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Gustine, David D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Barboza, Perry S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Addison, Jennifer; Shively, Rachel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Barboza, Perry S.; Oliver, Lola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Forest Soils Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Gustine, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dgustine@usgs.gov FU U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative through Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Park Service; Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); UAF Center for Global Climate Change; Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [CIPY-10, NA17RJ1224]; UAF; Circum Arctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network; Canadian Wildlife Service FX Use of any trade names in this manuscript does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Many people assisted in this work but we particularly thank L. Adams, S. Arthur, C. Cuyler, J. Dau, P. Del Vecchio, M. Dumond, W. Goodwin, L. Larocque, J. Lawler, G. Lortie, J. McLelland, J. Neville, N. Olson, K. Persons, G. Roffler, D. Russell, B. Shults, M. Sundset, and A. Whiting. N. Gustine and K. Moon assisted with laboratory work; B. Davitt (The Wildlife Habitat Nutrition Laboratory, Washington State University) determined fecal microhistology. Funded by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative through Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Park Service; the Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); UAF Center for Global Climate Change; the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (Project CIPY-10) through funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under a cooperative agreement (NA17RJ1224) with UAF; Circum Arctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network; and the Canadian Wildlife Service. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1002/rcm.6825 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AA3EQ UT WOS:000330976100007 PM 24519825 ER PT J AU Haney, MM AF Haney, Matthew M. TI Backprojection of volcanic tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic tremor; surface waves; magma-water interactions; backprojection; time reversal ID PERIOD; LOCATION AB Backprojection has become a powerful tool for imaging the rupture process of global earthquakes. We demonstrate the ability of backprojection to illuminate and track volcanic sources as well. We apply the method to the seismic network from Okmok Volcano, Alaska, at the time of an escalation in tremor during the 2008 eruption. Although we are able to focus the wavefield close to the location of the active cone, the network array response lacks sufficient resolution to reveal kilometer-scale changes in tremor location. By deconvolving the response in successive backprojection images, we enhance resolution and find that the tremor source moved toward an intracaldera lake prior to its escalation. The increased tremor therefore resulted from magma-water interaction, in agreement with the overall phreatomagmatic character of the eruption. Imaging of eruption tremor shows that time reversal methods, such as backprojection, can provide new insights into the temporal evolution of volcanic sources. Key Points First application of backprojection for tracking changing volcanic tremor Array deconvolution needed to resolve kilometer-scale changes in tremor location Tremor imaging reveals escalation due to a shift toward an intracaldera lake C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99504 USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Volcano Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99504 USA. EM mhaney@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1928 DI 10.1002/2013GL058836 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE8PX UT WOS:000334264900015 ER PT J AU Matoza, RS Fee, D AF Matoza, Robin S. Fee, David TI Infrasonic component of volcano- seismic eruption tremor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE eruption tremor; infrasound; seismo-acoustic; air-ground coupling ID SHISHALDIN VOLCANO; EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY; ALASKA; PROPAGATION; CONSTRAINTS; WAVES; ARRAY AB Air-ground and ground-air elastic wave coupling are key processes in the rapidly developing field of seismoacoustics and are particularly relevant for volcanoes. During a sustained explosive volcanic eruption, it is typical to record a sustained broadband signal on seismometers, termed eruption tremor. Eruption tremor is usually attributed to a subsurface seismic source process, such as the upward migration of magma and gases through the shallow conduit and vent. However, it is now known that sustained explosive volcanic eruptions also generate powerful tremor signals in the atmosphere, termed infrasonic tremor. We investigate infrasonic tremor coupling down into the ground and its contribution to the observed seismic tremor. Our methodology builds on that proposed by Ichihara et al. (2012) and involves cross-correlation, coherence, and cross-phase spectra between waveforms from nearly collocated seismic and infrasonic sensors; we apply it to datasets from Mount St. Helens, Tungurahua, and Redoubt Volcanoes. Key Points Volcanic eruption tremor contains air-ground coupled infrasound Subaerial eruption mechanism contributes to volcanic tremor Seismoacoustic cross correlation and cross spectral analysis C1 [Matoza, Robin S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Matoza, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rmatoza@ucsd.edu FU Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of Alaska Fairbanks; NSF [EAR-1113294] FX We thank Bob Parker for the multitaper cross-spectral program used in Figure 4. We are indebted to Mie Ichihara and an anonymous reviewer for critical comments that improved the paper. R.S.M. was supported by the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Foundation at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. D.F. was supported by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and NSF grant EAR-1113294. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1964 EP 1970 DI 10.1002/2014GL059301 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE8PX UT WOS:000334264900021 ER PT J AU Howell, FW Haywood, AM Dolan, AM Dowsett, HJ Francis, JE Hill, DJ Pickering, SJ Pope, JO Salzmann, U Wade, BS AF Howell, Fergus W. Haywood, Alan M. Dolan, Aisling M. Dowsett, Harry J. Francis, Jane E. Hill, Daniel J. Pickering, Steven J. Pope, James O. Salzmann, Ulrich Wade, Bridget S. TI Can uncertainties in sea ice albedo reconcile patterns of data-model discord for the Pliocene and 20th/21st centuries? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE albedo; paleoclimate; modeling; Pliocene; sea ice ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTION; AMPLIFICATION AB General Circulation Model simulations of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Myr ago) currently underestimate the level of warming that proxy data suggest existed at high latitudes, with discrepancies of up to 11 degrees C for sea surface temperature estimates and 17 degrees C for surface air temperature estimates. Sea ice has a strong influence on high-latitude climates, partly due to the albedo feedback. We present results demonstrating the effects of reductions in minimum sea ice albedo limits in general circulation model simulations of the mPWP. While mean annual surface air temperature increases of up to 6 degrees C are observed in the Arctic, the maximum decrease in model-data discrepancies is just 0.81 degrees C. Mean annual sea surface temperatures increase by up to 2 degrees C, with a maximum model-data discrepancy improvement of 1.31 degrees C. It is also suggested that the simulation of observed 21st century sea ice decline could be influenced by the adjustment of the sea ice albedo parameterization. C1 [Howell, Fergus W.; Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Francis, Jane E.; Hill, Daniel J.; Pickering, Steven J.; Pope, James O.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Francis, Jane E.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Climate Change Programme, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Wade, Bridget S.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. RP Howell, FW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM eefwh@leeds.ac.uk RI Pope, James/E-9473-2017; OI Pope, James/0000-0001-8945-4209; Howell, Fergus/0000-0001-7291-7959; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU NERC; European Research Council [278636]; Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship [ECF-2011-205]; British Geological Survey; National Centre for Atmospheric Science; Natural Environment Research Council, NERC [NE/I016287/1] FX F.W.H. and J.O.P. acknowledge NERC for the provision of doctoral training grants. A.M.H., A.M.D., and S.J.P. acknowledge that funding for this research was partly provided by a European Research Council starting grant under agreement 278636. D.J.H. is funded by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2011-205) and cofinancially supported by the British Geological Survey and National Centre for Atmospheric Science. H.J.D. acknowledges the continued support of the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program. U.S. acknowledges financial support from the Natural Environment Research Council, NERC (NE/I016287/1). This research used samples and/or data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. We thank the reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2011 EP 2018 DI 10.1002/2013GL058872 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE8PX UT WOS:000334264900027 ER PT J AU Heisey, DM Jennelle, CS Russell, RE Walsh, DP AF Heisey, Dennis M. Jennelle, Christopher S. Russell, Robin E. Walsh, Daniel P. TI Using Auxiliary Information to Improve Wildlife Disease Surveillance When Infected Animals Are Not Detected: A Bayesian Approach SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SUBSTANTIATE FREEDOM; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; WISCONSIN; ECOLOGY AB There are numerous situations in which it is important to determine whether a particular disease of interest is present in a free-ranging wildlife population. However adequate disease surveillance can be labor-intensive and expensive and thus there is substantial motivation to conduct it as efficiently as possible. Surveillance is often based on the assumption of a simple random sample, but this can almost always be improved upon if there is auxiliary information available about disease risk factors. We present a Bayesian approach to disease surveillance when auxiliary risk information is available which will usually allow for substantial improvements over simple random sampling. Others have employed risk weights in surveillance, but this can result in overly optimistic statements regarding freedom from disease due to not accounting for the uncertainty in the auxiliary information; our approach remedies this. We compare our Bayesian approach to a published example of risk weights applied to chronic wasting disease in deer in Colorado, and we also present calculations to examine when uncertainty in the auxiliary information has a serious impact on the risk weights approach. Our approach allows "apples-to-apples" comparisons of surveillance efficiencies between units where heterogeneous samples were collected. C1 [Heisey, Dennis M.; Russell, Robin E.; Walsh, Daniel P.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Jennelle, Christopher S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA. RP Heisey, DM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dheisey@usgs.gov OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 FU United States Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center FX The support for this study was provided by the United States Geological Survey-National Wildlife Health Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e89843 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089843 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SW UT WOS:000333677500005 PM 24676479 ER PT J AU Waite, IR Kennen, JG May, JT Brown, LR Cuffney, TF Jones, KA Orlando, JL AF Waite, Ian R. Kennen, Jonathan G. May, Jason T. Brown, Larry R. Cuffney, Thomas F. Jones, Kimberly A. Orlando, James L. TI Stream Macroinvertebrate Response Models for Bioassessment Metrics: Addressing the Issue of Spatial Scale SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; PREDICTIVE MODELS; LAND-USE; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; BIOLOGICAL CONDITION; REGRESSION TREES; URBANIZATION AB We developed independent predictive disturbance models for a full regional data set and four individual ecoregions (Full Region vs. Individual Ecoregion models) to evaluate effects of spatial scale on the assessment of human landscape modification, on predicted response of stream biota, and the effect of other possible confounding factors, such as watershed size and elevation, on model performance. We selected macroinvertebrate sampling sites for model development (n = 591) and validation (n = 467) that met strict screening criteria from four proximal ecoregions in the northeastern U.S.: North Central Appalachians, Ridge and Valley, Northeastern Highlands, and Northern Piedmont. Models were developed using boosted regression tree (BRT) techniques for four macroinvertebrate metrics; results were compared among ecoregions and metrics. Comparing within a region but across the four macroinvertebrate metrics, the average richness of tolerant taxa (RichTOL) had the highest R-2 for BRT models. Across the four metrics, final BRT models had between four and seven explanatory variables and always included a variable related to urbanization (e. g., population density, percent urban, or percent manmade channels), and either a measure of hydrologic runoff (e. g., minimum April, average December, or maximum monthly runoff) and(or) a natural landscape factor (e. g., riparian slope, precipitation, and elevation), or a measure of riparian disturbance. Contrary to our expectations, Full Region models explained nearly as much variance in the macroinvertebrate data as Individual Ecoregion models, and taking into account watershed size or elevation did not appear to improve model performance. As a result, it may be advantageous for bioassessment programs to develop large regional models as a preliminary assessment of overall disturbance conditions as long as the range in natural landscape variability is not excessive. C1 [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, West Trenton, NJ USA. [May, Jason T.; Brown, Larry R.; Orlando, James L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA. [Jones, Kimberly A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov FU US Federal, National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the US Geological Survey; NAWQA FX This work received US Federal funding - part of the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the US Geological Survey. NAWQA funded and supported all labor involved, but the authors are responsible for all design, data collection and analysis and all aspects of publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90944 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090944 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SW UT WOS:000333677500011 PM 24675770 ER PT J AU Martin, J Edwards, HH Bled, F Fonnesbeck, CJ Dupuis, JA Gardner, B Koslovsky, SM Aven, AM Ward-Geiger, LI Carmichael, RH Fagan, DE Ross, MA Reinert, TR AF Martin, Julien Edwards, Holly H. Bled, Florent Fonnesbeck, Christopher J. Dupuis, Jerome A. Gardner, Beth Koslovsky, Stacie M. Aven, Allen M. Ward-Geiger, Leslie I. Carmichael, Ruth H. Fagan, Daniel E. Ross, Monica A. Reinert, Thomas R. TI Estimating Upper Bounds for Occupancy and Number of Manatees in Areas Potentially Affected by Oil from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE AB The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform created the largest marine oil spill in U. S. history. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process, we applied an innovative modeling approach to obtain upper estimates for occupancy and for number of manatees in areas potentially affected by the oil spill. Our data consisted of aerial survey counts in waters of the Florida Panhandle, Alabama and Mississippi. Our method, which uses a Bayesian approach, allows for the propagation of uncertainty associated with estimates from empirical data and from the published literature. We illustrate that it is possible to derive estimates of occupancy rate and upper estimates of the number of manatees present at the time of sampling, even when no manatees were observed in our sampled plots during surveys. We estimated that fewer than 2.4% of potentially affected manatee habitat in our Florida study area may have been occupied by manatees. The upper estimate for the number of manatees present in potentially impacted areas (within our study area) was estimated with our model to be 74 (95%CI 46 to 107). This upper estimate for the number of manatees was conditioned on the upper 95%CI value of the occupancy rate. In other words, based on our estimates, it is highly probable that there were 107 or fewer manatees in our study area during the time of our surveys. Because our analyses apply to habitats considered likely manatee habitats, our inference is restricted to these sites and to the time frame of our surveys. Given that manatees may be hard to see during aerial surveys, it was important to account for imperfect detection. The approach that we described can be useful for determining the best allocation of resources for monitoring and conservation. C1 [Martin, Julien; Edwards, Holly H.; Koslovsky, Stacie M.; Ward-Geiger, Leslie I.; Fagan, Daniel E.; Reinert, Thomas R.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Bled, Florent] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Bled, Florent] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Dupuis, Jerome A.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Stat & Probabilites, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Aven, Allen M.; Carmichael, Ruth H.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Aven, Allen M.; Carmichael, Ruth H.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Ross, Monica A.] Sea Shore Alliance, Sarasota, FL USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM julien.martin@myfwc.com FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill FX This work was supported by funds provided as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91683 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091683 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000025 PM 24670971 ER PT J AU Paredes, R Orben, RA Suryan, RM Irons, DB Roby, DD Harding, AMA Young, RC Benoit-Bird, K Ladd, C Renner, H Heppell, S Phillips, RA Kitaysky, A AF Paredes, Rosana Orben, Rachael A. Suryan, Robert M. Irons, David B. Roby, Daniel D. Harding, Ann M. A. Young, Rebecca C. Benoit-Bird, Kelly Ladd, Carol Renner, Heather Heppell, Scott Phillips, Richard A. Kitaysky, Alexander TI Foraging Responses of Black-Legged Kittiwakes to Prolonged Food-Shortages around Colonies on the Bering Sea Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PELAGIC SEABIRD; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; POPULATION PROCESSES; MYCTOPHID FISHES AB We hypothesized that changes in southeastern Bering Sea foraging conditions for black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) have caused shifts in habitat use with direct implications for population trends. To test this, we compared at-sea distribution, breeding performance, and nutritional stress of kittiwakes in three years (2008-2010) at two sites in the Pribilof Islands, where the population has either declined (St. Paul) or remained stable (St. George). Foraging conditions were assessed from changes in (1) bird diets, (2) the biomass and distribution of juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in 2008 and 2009, and (3) eddy kinetic energy (EKE; considered to be a proxy for oceanic prey availability). In years when biomass of juvenile pollock was low and patchily distributed in shelf regions, kittiwake diets included little or no neritic prey and a much higher occurrence of oceanic prey (e.g. myctophids). Birds from both islands foraged on the nearby shelves, or made substantially longer-distance trips overnight to the basin. Here, feeding was more nocturnal and crepuscular than on the shelf, and often occurred near anticyclonic, or inside cyclonic eddies. As expected from colony location, birds from St. Paul used neritic waters more frequently, whereas birds from St. George typically foraged in oceanic waters. Despite these distinctive foraging patterns, there were no significant differences between colonies in chick feeding rates or fledging success. High EKE in 2010 coincided with a 63% increase in use of the basin by birds from St. Paul compared with 2008 when EKE was low. Nonetheless, adult nutritional stress, which was relatively high across years at both colonies, peaked in birds from St. Paul in 2010. Diminishing food resources in nearby shelf habitats may have contributed to kittiwake population declines at St Paul, possibly driven by increased adult mortality or breeding desertion due to high foraging effort and nutritional stress. C1 [Paredes, Rosana; Heppell, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Young, Rebecca C.; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Benoit-Bird, Kelly] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renner, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Paredes, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rparedes.insley@gmail.com RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014; OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project; Oregon State University FX Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project [http://bsierp.nprb.org/1, Fish and Wildlife Service (http:// alaska;fws.gov/) and Oregon State University (http://fw.oregonstate.edu/). BSIERP projects were granted to David Irons and Daniel Roby (B63 and B77), Heather Renner (B77), Alexander Kitaysky (B77), and to Scott Heppell and Kelly Benoit-Bird (B67 and B77). The funders facilitated indersciplinary partnerships as part of the program but had no role in the specifics of the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 97 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR c92520 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092520 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000050 ER PT J AU Gieder, KD Karpanty, SM Fraser, JD Catlin, DH Gutierrez, BT Plant, NG Turecek, AM Thieler, R AF Gieder, Katherina D. Karpanty, Sarah M. Fraser, James D. Catlin, Daniel H. Gutierrez, Benjamin T. Plant, Nathaniel G. Turecek, Aaron M. Thieler, Robert TI A Bayesian network approach to predicting nest presence of the federally-threatened piping plover (Charadrius melodus) using barrier island features SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian network; Development; Habitat; Piping plover; Sea-level rise; Shorebird ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ASSATEAGUE ISLAND; SITE SELECTION; SNOWY PLOVERS; NEW-YORK; HABITAT; COASTAL; ATLANTIC; UNCERTAINTY; PERSPECTIVE AB Sea-level rise and human development pose significant threats to shorebirds, particularly for species that utilize barrier island habitat. The piping plover (Charadrius rnelodus) is a federally-listed shorebird that nests on barrier islands and rapidly responds to changes in its physical environment, making it an excellent species with which to model how shorebird species may respond to habitat change related to sea-level rise and human development. The uncertainty and complexity in predicting sea-level rise, the responses of barrier island habitats to sea-level rise, and the responses of species to sea-level rise and human development necessitate a modeling approach that can link species to the physical habitat features that will be altered by changes in sea level and human development. We used a Bayesian network framework to develop a model that links piping plover nest presence to the physical features of their nesting habitat on a barrier island that is impacted by sea-level rise and human development, using three years of data (1999, 2002, and 2008) from Assateague Island National Seashore in Maryland. Our model performance results showed that we were able to successfully predict nest presence given a wide range of physical conditions within the model's dataset We found that model predictions were more successful when the ranges of physical conditions included in model development were varied rather than when those physical conditions were narrow. We also found that all model predictions had fewer false negatives (nests predicted to be absent when they were actually present in the dataset) than false positives (nests predicted to be present when they were actually absent in the dataset), indicating that our model correctly predicted nest presence better than nest absence. These results indicated that our approach of using a Bayesian network to link specific physical features to nest presence will be useful for modeling impacts of sea-level rise or human-related habitat change on barrier islands. We recommend that potential users of this method utilize multiple years of data that represent a wide range of physical conditions in model development, because the model performed less well when constructed using a narrow range of physical conditions. Further, given that there will always be some uncertainty in predictions of future physical habitat conditions related to sea-level rise and/or human development, predictive models will perform best when developed using multiple, varied years of data input. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gieder, Katherina D.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Fraser, James D.; Catlin, Daniel H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Turecek, Aaron M.; Thieler, Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Gieder, KD (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kgieder@vt.edu; skarpanty@vt.edu; fraser@vt.edu; dcatlin@vt.edu; bgutierrez@usgs.gov; nplant@usgs.gov; aturecek@usgs.gov; rthieler@usgs.gov OI Gutierrez, Benjamin/0000-0002-1879-7893; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for the research presented in this paper was provided by the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Anne Hecht with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing constructive feedback at every stage of this project. We thank National Park Service staff at Assateague Island National Seashore, especially Bill Hulslander, Jack Kumer, Tami Pearl, Neil Winn and many seasonal plover technicians, for providing us with data and additional related information that we used in our model. We thank Zach Farris, Tom Gieder, Kate Jones, and Shannon Ritter for additional input and for assisting with data processing and GIS analyses. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 276 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.005 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE3CL UT WOS:000333854500005 ER PT J AU Jennelle, CS Henaux, V Wasserberg, G Thiagarajan, B Rolley, RE Samuel, MD AF Jennelle, Christopher S. Henaux, Viviane Wasserberg, Gideon Thiagarajan, Bala Rolley, Robert E. Samuel, Michael D. TI Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer: Implications for Disease Spread and Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULE DEER; PRION DISEASE; SPATIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC; PATTERNS; MODELS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DEERYARDS AB Few studies have evaluated the rate of infection or mode of transmission for wildlife diseases, and the implications of alternative management strategies. We used hunter harvest data from 2002 to 2013 to investigate chronic wasting disease (CWD) infection rate and transmission modes, and address how alternative management approaches affect disease dynamics in a Wisconsin white-tailed deer population. Uncertainty regarding demographic impacts of CWD on cervid populations, human and domestic animal health concerns, and potential economic consequences underscore the need for strategies to control CWD distribution and prevalence. Using maximum-likelihood methods to evaluate alternative multistate deterministic models of CWD transmission, harvest data strongly supports a frequency-dependent transmission structure with sex-specific infection rates that are two times higher in males than females. As transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are an important and difficult-to-study class of diseases with major economic and ecological implications, our work supports the hypothesis of frequency-dependent transmission in wild deer at a broad spatial scale and indicates that effective harvest management can be implemented to control CWD prevalence. Specifically, we show that harvest focused on the greater-affected sex (males) can result in stable population dynamics and control of CWD within the next 50 years, given the constraints of the model. We also provide a quantitative estimate of geographic disease spread in southern Wisconsin, validating qualitative assessments that CWD spreads relatively slowly. Given increased discovery and distribution of CWD throughout North America, insights from our study are valuable to management agencies and to the general public concerned about the impacts of CWD on white-tailed deer populations. C1 [Jennelle, Christopher S.; Henaux, Viviane; Thiagarajan, Bala] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Wasserberg, Gideon] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Rolley, Robert E.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Jennelle, CS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53715 USA. EM chris.jennelle@dnr.iowa.gov FU Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Wisconsin Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology FX Funding was provided by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Geological Survey. The University of Wisconsin Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology provided assistance with publication costs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 14 U2 79 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91043 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091043 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6GL UT WOS:000333355300023 PM 24658535 ER PT J AU Dusek, RJ Hallgrimsson, GT Ip, HS Jonsson, JE Sreevatsan, S Nashold, SW TeSlaa, JL Enomoto, S Halpin, RA Lin, XD Fedorova, N Stockwell, TB Dugan, VG Wentworth, DE Hall, JS AF Dusek, Robert J. Hallgrimsson, Gunnar T. Ip, Hon S. Jonsson, Jon E. Sreevatsan, Srinand Nashold, Sean W. TeSlaa, Joshua L. Enomoto, Shinichiro Halpin, Rebecca A. Lin, Xudong Fedorova, Nadia Stockwell, Timothy B. Dugan, Vivien G. Wentworth, David E. Hall, Jeffrey S. TI North Atlantic Migratory Bird Flyways Provide Routes for Intercontinental Movement of Avian Influenza Viruses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; SPRING MIGRATION; WILD WATERFOWL; SOUTH-AMERICA; LINEAGE; EVOLUTION; GENES; GULLS; PERFORMANCE; ARGENTINA AB Avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds has been of increasing interest over the last decade due to the emergence of AIVs that cause significant disease and mortality in both poultry and humans. While research clearly demonstrates that AIVs can move across the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean, there has been no data to support the mechanism of how this occurs. In spring and autumn of 2010 and autumn of 2011 we obtained cloacal swab samples from 1078 waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds of various species in southwest and west Iceland and tested them for AIV. From these, we isolated and fully sequenced the genomes of 29 AIVs from wild caught gulls (Charadriiformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes) in Iceland. We detected viruses that were entirely (8 of 8 genomic segments) of American lineage, viruses that were entirely of Eurasian lineage, and viruses with mixed American-Eurasian lineage. Prior to this work only 2 AIVs had been reported from wild birds in Iceland and only the sequence from one segment was available in GenBank. This is the first report of finding AIVs of entirely American lineage and Eurasian lineage, as well as reassortant viruses, together in the same geographic location. Our study demonstrates the importance of the North Atlantic as a corridor for the movement of AIVs between Europe and North America. C1 [Dusek, Robert J.; Ip, Hon S.; Nashold, Sean W.; TeSlaa, Joshua L.; Hall, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hallgrimsson, Gunnar T.] Southwest Iceland Nat Res Inst, Sandgeroi, Iceland. [Jonsson, Jon E.] Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, Stykkisholmur, Iceland. [Sreevatsan, Srinand; Enomoto, Shinichiro] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet & Biomed Sci Dept, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Halpin, Rebecca A.; Lin, Xudong; Fedorova, Nadia; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Dugan, Vivien G.; Wentworth, David E.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. RP Dusek, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rdusek@usgs.gov RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015; Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor/M-3105-2015; OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X; Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor/0000-0002-3697-9148; Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; TeSlaa, Joshua/0000-0001-7802-3454; Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X; Nashold, Sean/0000-0002-8869-6633; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU United States Geological Service; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C, HHSN272200900007C] FX This work has been funded by the United States Geological Service and with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services under Contract Nos. HHSN266200700007C and HHSN272200900007C. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92075 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092075 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6ER UT WOS:000333348500080 PM 24647410 ER PT J AU Wilder, BT Betancourt, JL Epps, CW Crowhurst, RS Mead, JI Ezcurra, E AF Wilder, Benjamin T. Betancourt, Julio L. Epps, Clinton W. Crowhurst, Rachel S. Mead, Jim I. Ezcurra, Exequiel TI Local Extinction and Unintentional Rewilding of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) on a Desert Island SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ANCIENT DNA; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SEA; NOMENCLATURE; EXTRACTION; RESPONSES AB Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were not known to live on Tiburon Island, the largest island in the Gulf of California and Mexico, prior to the surprisingly successful introduction of 20 individuals as a conservation measure in 1975. Today, a stable island population of similar to 500 sheep supports limited big game hunting and restocking of depleted areas on the Mexican mainland. We discovered fossil dung morphologically similar to that of bighorn sheep in a dung mat deposit from Mojet Cave, in the mountains of Tiburon Island. To determine the origin of this cave deposit we compared pellet shape to fecal pellets of other large mammals, and extracted DNA to sequence mitochondrial DNA fragments at the 12S ribosomal RNA and control regions. The fossil dung was C-14-dated to 1476-1632 calendar years before present and was confirmed as bighorn sheep by morphological and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis. 12S sequences closely or exactly matched known bighorn sheep sequences; control region sequences exactly matched a haplotype described in desert bighorn sheep populations in southwest Arizona and southern California and showed subtle differentiation from the extant Tiburon population. Native desert bighorn sheep previously colonized this land-bridge island, most likely during the Pleistocene, when lower sea levels connected Tiburon to the mainland. They were extirpated sometime in the last similar to 1500 years, probably due to inherent dynamics of isolated populations, prolonged drought, and (or) human overkill. The reintroduced population is vulnerable to similar extinction risks. The discovery presented here refutes conventional wisdom that bighorn sheep are not native to Tiburon Island, and establishes its recent introduction as an example of unintentional rewilding, defined here as the introduction of a species without knowledge that it was once native and has since gone locally extinct. C1 [Wilder, Benjamin T.; Ezcurra, Exequiel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Mission Area, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Epps, Clinton W.; Crowhurst, Rachel S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mead, Jim I.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Mead, Jim I.] E Tennessee State Univ, Sundquist Ctr Excellence Paleontol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Ezcurra, Exequiel] Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Mexico & US UC MEXUS, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wilder, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM benjamin.wilder@email.ucr.edu FU UC MEXUS Dissertation Grant; NSF FX Funding was provided by a UC MEXUS Dissertation Grant and a NSF Graduate Research fellowship to Wilder. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 83 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91358 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091358 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6ER UT WOS:000333348500031 PM 24646515 ER PT J AU Friedman, CS Wight, N Crosson, LM VanBlaricom, GR Lafferty, KD AF Friedman, Carolyn S. Wight, Nathan Crosson, Lisa M. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Reduced disease in black abalone following mass mortality: phage therapy and natural selection SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abalone; Haliotis; withering syndrome; rickettsial; endangered; histology; selection; phage ID HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII LEACH; CANDIDATUS XENOHALIOTIS CALIFORNIENSIS; SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; WITHERING SYNDROME; RED ABALONE; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; EL-NINO; POPULATIONS; RUFESCENS; COAST AB Black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, populations along the NE Pacific ocean have declined due to the rickettsial disease withering syndrome (WS). Natural recovery on San Nicolas Island (SNI) of Southern California suggested the development of resistance in island populations. Experimental challenges in one treatment demonstrated that progeny of disease-selected black abalone from SNI survived better than did those from naive black abalone from Carmel Point in mainland coastal central California. Unexpectedly, the presence of a newly observed bacteriophage infecting the WS rickettsia (WS-RLO) had strong effects on the survival of infected abalone. Specifically, presence of phage-infected RLO (RLOv) reduced the host response to infection, RLO infection loads, and associated mortality. These data suggest that the black abalone: WS-RLO relationship is evolving through dual host mechanisms of resistance to RLO infection in the digestive gland via tolerance to infection in the primary target tissue (the post-esophagus) coupled with reduced pathogenicity of the WS-RLO by phage infection, which effectively reduces the infection load in the primary target tissue by half. Sea surface temperature patterns off southern California, associated with a recent hiatus in global-scale ocean warming, do not appear to be a sufficient explanation for survival patterns in SNI black abalone. These data highlight the potential for natural recovery of abalone populations over time and that further understanding of mechanisms governing host parasite relationships will better enable us to manage declining populations. C1 [Friedman, Carolyn S.; Wight, Nathan; Crosson, Lisa M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Friedman, CS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM carolynf@uw.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU National Sea Grant College Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [R/F-200B, R/FISH-208]; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; California Department of Fish and Game FX This research was funded, in part, by grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under project numbers R/F-200B and R/FISH-208 through the California Sea Grant Program, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, and the California Department of Fish and Game. We thank Ray Fields, Don Rothaus, Jim Moore, Ian Taniguchi, and Melissa Neuman for assistance with animal collection and Robyn Strenge for assistance with animal maintenance. We thank Colleen Burge for her editorial comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. Any use of trade product or firm name herein is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute this paper for governmental purposes. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 64 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD MAR 18 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 78 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00078 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AD2CI UT WOS:000333040200001 PM 24672512 ER PT J AU Aiken, GR Butler, K Spencer, RGM AF Aiken, George R. Butler, Kenna Spencer, Robert G. M. TI Dissolved organic matter as an indicator of watershed processes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 85-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600737 ER PT J AU Barber, L Keefe, SH Fitzgerald, KC Daniels, JS Pattie, JF Dahm, K AF Barber, Larry Keefe, Steffanie H. Fitzgerald, Kevin C. Daniels, Joan S. Pattie, John F. Dahm, Katherine TI Innovative wastewater treatment wetland design: Incorporating physicochemical principles to optimize removal of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Barber, Larry; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Fitzgerald, Kevin C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Daniels, Joan S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pattie, John F.; Dahm, Katherine] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM lbbarber@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 124-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600343 ER PT J AU Forrest, YW Molly, AM Bodkin, L Walker, P AF Forrest, Yvonne W. Molly, Andrew M. Bodkin, Lee Walker, Paul TI Real-time monitoring for water treatment operational control: City of Houston, Texas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Forrest, Yvonne W.; Molly, Andrew M.] City Houston, Publ Works & Engn, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Bodkin, Lee] US Geol Survey, Shenandoah, TX 77385 USA. [Walker, Paul] Carollo, Houston, TX USA. EM yvonne.forrest@houstontx.gov; andrew.molly@houstontx.gov; ljbodkin@usgs.gov; PWalker@carollo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 257-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600463 ER PT J AU Gibs, J Schorr, P Bodkin, L AF Gibs, Jacob Schorr, Paul Bodkin, Lee TI Analytical equipment used for real time monitoring, installation, calibration and data transmission SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gibs, Jacob] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Schorr, Paul] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08609 USA. [Bodkin, Lee] US Geol Survey, Shenandoah, TX 77385 USA. EM ljbodkin@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 445-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600625 ER PT J AU Ging, P Rebich, R AF Ging, Patricia Rebich, Richard TI Nutrient loads and sources delivered to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from the south-central United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ging, Patricia] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Rebich, Richard] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. EM pbging@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 258-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600464 ER PT J AU Neuzil, C AF Neuzil, Chris TI Emerging role of shales as hosts for nuclear waste SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Neuzil, Chris] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ceneuzil@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 34-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600691 ER PT J AU Newberger, DR Rainwater, TR Rose, V Mazzotti, FJ Chenot-Rose, C Cobb, GP AF Newberger, Derek R. Rainwater, Thomas R. Rose, Vincent Mazzotti, Frank J. Chenot-Rose, Cherie Cobb, George P. TI Mercury and transition metal accumulation in caudal scutes of American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) from Belize SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cobb, George P.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Newberger, Derek R.] Baylor Univ, Honors Coll, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Rose, Vincent; Chenot-Rose, Cherie] Amer Crocodile Educ Sanctuary, Punta Gorda, Toledo, Belize. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM derek_newberger@baylor.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 344-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600541 ER PT J AU Capria, MT Tosi, F De Sanctis, MC Capaccioni, F Ammannito, E Frigeri, A Zambon, F Fonte, S Palomba, E Turrini, D Titus, TN Schroder, SE Toplis, M Li, JY Combe, JP Raymond, CA Russell, CT AF Capria, M. T. Tosi, F. De Sanctis, M. C. Capaccioni, F. Ammannito, E. Frigeri, A. Zambon, F. Fonte, S. Palomba, E. Turrini, D. Titus, T. N. Schroeder, S. E. Toplis, M. Li, J. -Y. Combe, J. -P. Raymond, C. A. Russell, C. T. TI Vesta surface thermal properties map SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Vesta; Vesta thermal inertia; thermal properties; Vesta surface ID ASTEROID 21 LUTETIA; DAWN; SUBMILLIMETER; TEMPERATURE; REGOLITH; MARS AB The first ever regional thermal properties map of Vesta has been derived from the temperatures retrieved by infrared data by the mission Dawn. The low average value of thermal inertia, 3010 J m(-2)s(-0.5)K(-1), indicates a surface covered by a fine regolith. A range of thermal inertia values suggesting terrains with different physical properties has been determined. The lower thermal inertia of the regions north of the equator suggests that they are covered by an older, more processed surface. A few specific areas have higher than average thermal inertia values, indicative of a more compact material. The highest thermal inertia value has been determined on the Marcia crater, known for its pitted terrain and the presence of hydroxyl in the ejecta. Our results suggest that this type of terrain can be the result of soil compaction following the degassing of a local subsurface reservoir of volatiles. Key Points A thermophysical map of Vesta has been derived from spatially resolved data The average thermal inertia of the surface of Vesta is 30 +/- 10 Jm(-2)s(-0.5)K(-1) Pitted terrains in Marcia crater have the highest thermal inertia value C1 [Capria, M. T.; Tosi, F.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Capaccioni, F.; Ammannito, E.; Frigeri, A.; Zambon, F.; Fonte, S.; Palomba, E.; Turrini, D.] INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Rome, Italy. [Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schroeder, S. E.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Berlin, Germany. [Toplis, M.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Li, J. -Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Combe, J. -P.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. [Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Capria, MT (reprint author), INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, Rome, Italy. EM mariateresa.capria@iaps.inaf.it RI De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/G-5232-2013; Schroder, Stefan/D-9709-2013; Frigeri, Alessandro/F-2151-2010; OI Palomba, Ernesto/0000-0002-9101-6774; Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434; Zambon, Francesca/0000-0002-4190-6592; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437; Schroder, Stefan/0000-0003-0323-8324; Frigeri, Alessandro/0000-0002-9140-3977; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; Turrini, Diego/0000-0002-1923-7740; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI), ASI-INAF [I/004/12/0]; Dawn Science, Instrument, Operations Teams; Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program FX The VIR project is funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), ASI-INAF contract I/004/12/0. VIR was developed under the leadership of the Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziale (INAF-IAPS), Rome, Italy. The instrument was built by Selex-Galileo, Florence, Italy. Support of the Dawn Science, Instrument, Operations Teams, as well as of the Dawn at Vesta Participating Scientist program, is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the hard work carried out by Robert Gaskell in providing a detailed shape model that was used in this work to properly model the data. The data obtained by VIR are available at the Small Bodies Node of the Planetary Data System (http://sbn.pds.nasa.gov/). NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.1002/2013GL059026 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800013 ER PT J AU Chuang, LY Chen, KH Wech, A Byrne, T Peng, W AF Chuang, Lindsay Yuling Chen, Kate Huihsuan Wech, Aaron Byrne, Timothy Peng, Wei TI Ambient tremors in a collisional orogenic belt SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tremor; earthquake swarm; orogenic belt; fluid; collision ID NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR; LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; TAIWAN; SUBDUCTION; MECHANICS; EVOLUTION; BENEATH; MODEL AB Deep-seated tectonic tremors have been regarded as an observation tied to interconnected fluids at depth, which have been well documented in worldwide subduction zones and transform faults but not in a collisional mountain belt. In this study we explore the general features of collisional tremors in Taiwan and discuss the possible generation mechanism. In the 4year data, we find 231 ambient tremor episodes with durations ranging from 5 to 30min. In addition to a coseismic slip-induced stress change from nearby major earthquake, increased tremor rate is also highly correlated with the active, normal faulting earthquake swarms at the shallower depth. Both the tremor and earthquake swarm activities are confined in a small, area where the high attenuation, high thermal anomaly, the boundary between high and low resistivity, and localized veins on the surfaces distributed, suggesting the involvement of fluids from metamorphic dehydration within the orogen. Key Points We explore the general features of tremors in a collisional mountain belt Earthquake swarms correlate with the deep-seated tremors in time and space Metamorphic dehydration and fluid-pressure processes are the critical drivers C1 [Chuang, Lindsay Yuling; Chen, Kate Huihsuan] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wech, Aaron] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Byrne, Timothy] Univ Connecticut, Dept Geog, Storrs, CT USA. [Peng, Wei] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Tohoku, Japan. RP Chen, KH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. EM katepili@gmail.com FU Taiwan NSC [NSC 101-2628-M-003 -001 -MY2] FX We are grateful to Zhigang Peng, Kevin Chao, Robert Nadeau, Roland Burgmann, Wen-Tzong Liang and Chin-Wu Chen for helpful discussions. We thank the Editor, two anonymous reviewers, and David R. Shelly at USGS for their valuable comments on this manuscript. The seismic data used in this study is provided by Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN) in Taiwan and Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS). This work was supported by Taiwan NSC grant NSC 101-2628-M-003 -001 -MY2. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1002/2014GL059476 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800020 ER PT J AU Wu, CQ Gomberg, J Ben-Naim, E Johnson, P AF Wu, Chunquan Gomberg, Joan Ben-Naim, Eli Johnson, Paul TI Triggering of repeating earthquakes in central California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dynamic triggering; repeating earthquakes; central California; earthquake cycle ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GRANULAR MEDIA; STICK-SLIP; PARKFIELD; TREMOR; AFTERSHOCKS; RECURRENCE; SEISMICITY; SEQUENCES; FAILURE AB Dynamic stresses carried by transient seismic waves have been found capable of triggering earthquakes instantly in various tectonic settings. Delayed triggering may be even more common, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Catalogs of repeating earthquakes, earthquakes that recur repeatedly at the same location, provide ideal data sets to test the effects of transient dynamic perturbations on the timing of earthquake occurrence. Here we employ a catalog of 165 families containing similar to 2500 total repeating earthquakes to test whether dynamic perturbations from local, regional, and teleseismic earthquakes change recurrence intervals. The distance to the earthquake generating the perturbing waves is a proxy for the relative potential contributions of static and dynamic deformations, because static deformations decay more rapidly with distance. Clear changes followed the nearby 2004 M(w)6 Parkfield earthquake, so we study only repeaters prior to its origin time. We apply a Monte Carlo approach to compare the observed number of shortened recurrence intervals following dynamic perturbations with the distribution of this number estimated for randomized perturbation times. We examine the comparison for a series of dynamic stress peak amplitude and distance thresholds. The results suggest a weak correlation between dynamic perturbations in excess of similar to 20kPa and shortened recurrence intervals, for both nearby and remote perturbations. Key Points We found weak correlation of perturbations and shortened recurrences The weak correlation exists for perturbations > similar to 20 KPa The weak correlation exists for both nearby and remote perturbations C1 [Wu, Chunquan; Johnson, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Ben-Naim, Eli] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ben-Naim, Eli] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wu, CQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cwu@lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 FU Institutional Support at Los Alamos National Laboratory; USGS FX This research was supported by Institutional Support at Los Alamos National Laboratory (C. W., E. B., and P.J.) and the USGS (J.G.). We thank Nicholas van der Elst and Xiaofeng Meng for their useful suggestions. We thank Robert Guyer, Andrew Delorey, Jan Carmeliet, and Yaver Kamer for their discussions. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1505 DI 10.1002/2013GL059051 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800022 ER PT J AU Briggs, MA Walvoord, MA McKenzie, JM Voss, CI Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Briggs, Martin A. Walvoord, Michelle A. McKenzie, Jeffrey M. Voss, Clifford I. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Lane, John W. TI New permafrost is forming around shrinking Arctic lakes, but will it last? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE permafrost; cold-regions; groundwater modeling; Arctic; climate change; ecological succession ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CLIMATE; ALASKA; SOIL; DEGRADATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; YUKON; FROST AB Widespread lake shrinkage in cold regions has been linked to climate warming and permafrost thaw. Permafrost aggradation, however, has been observed within the margins of recently receded lakes, in seeming contradiction of climate warming. Here permafrost aggradation dynamics are examined at Twelvemile Lake, a retreating lake in interior Alaska. Observations reveal patches of recently formed permafrost within the dried lake margin, colocated with discrete bands of willow shrub. We test ecological succession, which alters shading, infiltration, and heat transport, as the driver of aggradation using numerical simulation of variably saturated groundwater flow and heat transport with phase change (i.e., freeze-thaw). Simulations support permafrost development under current climatic conditions, but only when net effects of vegetation on soil conditions are incorporated, thus pointing to the role of ecological succession. Furthermore, model results indicate that permafrost aggradation is transitory with further climate warming, as new permafrost thaws within seven decades. Key Points New permafrost is forming around shrinking arctic lakes Shading by willow shrubs primarily drives new permafrost formation Further climate warming thaws new permafrost within 7 decades C1 [Briggs, Martin A.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W.] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Cent Branch, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Briggs, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbriggs@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Department of Defense under the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2111]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater; USGS National Research Program; Groundwater Resources Programs FX We thank Emily Voytek, Jay Nolan, and Joshua Rose for assistance in the field and in processing data. Burke Minsley, Barret Kurylyk, and Audrey Sawyer have improved this work with their careful reviews. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense under the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program RC-2111, with additional support from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Groundwater, USGS National Research Program, and Groundwater Resources Programs. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1592 DI 10.1002/2014GL059251 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800033 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG AF Mastin, Larry G. TI Testing the accuracy of a 1-D volcanic plume model in estimating mass eruption rate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE volcanic plumes; ash clouds; plume dynamics; aviation hazards ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; 2010 EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; CROSS-FLOW; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; SOURCE PARAMETERS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; GRAIN-SIZE; ASH; DYNAMICS AB During volcanic eruptions, empirical relationships are used to estimate mass eruption rate from plume height. Although simple, such relationships can be inaccurate and can underestimate rates in windy conditions. One-dimensional plume models can incorporate atmospheric conditions and give potentially more accurate estimates. Here I present a 1-D model for plumes in crosswind and simulate 25 historical eruptions where plume height H-obs was well observed and mass eruption rate M-obs could be calculated from mapped deposit mass and observed duration. The simulations considered wind, temperature, and phase changes of water. Atmospheric conditions were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis 2.5 degrees model. Simulations calculate the minimum, maximum, and average values (M-min, M-max, and M-avg) that fit the plume height. Eruption rates were also estimated from the empirical formula M-empir=140H(obs)(4.14) (M-empir is in kilogram per second, H-obs is in kilometer). For these eruptions, the standard error of the residual in log space is about 0.53 for M-avg and 0.50 for M-empir. Thus, for this data set, the model is slightly less accurate at predicting M-obs than the empirical curve. The inability of this model to improve eruption rate estimates may lie in the limited accuracy of even well-observed plume heights, inaccurate model formulation, or the fact that most eruptions examined were not highly influenced by wind. For the low, wind-blown plume of 14-18 April 2010 at Eyjafjallajokull, where an accurate plume height time series is available, modeled rates do agree better with M-obs than M-empir. Key Points A 1-D plume model estimates eruption rate from 25 eruptions Modeled eruption rate is compared with empirical estimates Modeled and empirical estimates are found similar C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov NR 76 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2474 EP 2495 DI 10.1002/2013JD020604 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700029 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE Shelly, DR King, JC McGeehin, JP Mangan, M Evans, WC AF Lewicki, J. L. Hilley, G. E. Shelly, D. R. King, J. C. McGeehin, J. P. Mangan, M. Evans, W. C. TI Crustal migration of CO2-rich magmatic fluids recorded by tree-ring radiocarbon and seismicity at Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tree growth rings; radiocarbon; magmatic CO2 emissions; seismicity; Mammoth Mountain ID FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 FLUX; CALIFORNIA; YELLOWSTONE; EMISSIONS; EUROPE; UNREST; SWARM; AREAS AB Unrest at Mammoth Mountain over the past several decades, manifest by seismicity, ground deformation, diffuse CO2 emissions, and elevated He-3/He-4 ratios in fumarolic gases has been driven by the release of CO2-rich fluids from basaltic intrusions in the middle to lower crust. Recent unrest included the occurrence of three lower-crustal (32-19 km depth) seismic swarms beneath Mammoth Mountain in 2006, 2008 and 2009 that were consistently followed by peaks in the occurrence rate of shallow (<= 10 km depth) earthquakes. We measured C-14 in the growth rings (1998-2012) of a tree growing in the largest (similar to 0.3 km(2)) area of diffuse CO2 emissions on Mammoth Mountain (the Horseshoe Lake tree kill; HLTK) and applied atmospheric CO2 concentration source area modeling to confirm that the tree was a reliable integrator of magmatic CO2 emissions over most of this area. The tree-ring C-14 record implied that magmatic CO2 emissions from the HLTK were relatively stable from 1998 to 2009, nearly doubled from 2009 to 2011, and then declined by the 2012 growing season. The initial increase in CO2 emissions was detected during the growing season that immediately followed the largest (February 2010) peak in the occurrence rate of shallow earthquakes. Migration of CO2-rich magmatic fluids may have driven observed patterns of elevated deep, then shallow seismicity, while the relationship between pore fluid pressures within a shallow (upper 3 km of crust) fluid reservoir and permeability structure of the reservoir cap rock may have controlled the temporal pattern of surface CO2 emissions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewicki, J. L.; Shelly, D. R.; Mangan, M.; Evans, W. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hilley, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [King, J. C.] Lone Pine Res, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [McGeehin, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 390 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.035 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AE4ZU UT WOS:000333998400006 ER PT J AU Dalyander, PS Long, JW Plant, NG Thompson, DM AF Dalyander, P. Soupy Long, Joseph W. Plant, Nathaniel G. Thompson, David M. TI Assessing mobility and redistribution patterns of sand and oil agglomerates in the surf zone SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Tarballs; Surface residual balls; Oil spill; Surf zone; Deepwater Horizon ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; TAR POLLUTION; COMBINED WAVE; BEACH; MODEL; MOTION; GRAVEL; BALLS; COAST; FATE AB Heavier-than-water sand and oil agglomerates that formed in the surf zone following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill continued to cause beach re-oiling 3 years after initial stranding. To understand this phenomena and inform operational response now and for future spills, a numerical method to assess the mobility and alongshore movement of these "surface residual balls" (SRBs) was developed and applied to the Alabama and western Florida coasts. Alongshore flow and SRB mobility and potential flux were used to identify likely patterns of transport and deposition. Results indicate that under typical calm conditions, cm-size SRBs are unlikely to move alongshore, whereas mobility and transport is likely during storms. The greater mobility of sand compared to SRBs makes burial and exhumation of SRBs likely, and inlets were identified as probable SRB traps. Analysis of field data supports these model results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dalyander, P. Soupy; Long, Joseph W.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Thompson, David M.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. RP Dalyander, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. EM sdalyander@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE4IQ UT WOS:000333946500035 PM 24503377 ER PT J AU Cyr, AJ Granger, DE Olivetti, V Molin, P AF Cyr, Andrew J. Granger, Darryl E. Olivetti, Valerio Molin, Paola TI Distinguishing between tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel longitudinal profleiles using cosmogenic Be-10 erosion rates and channel steepness index SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erosion; Channel longitudinal profiles; Cosmogenic nuclides; Channel steepness; Italy ID CALABRIA-PELORITANI OROGEN; TRIPLE JUNCTION REGION; ROCK-UPLIFT RATES; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION; RIVER INCISION; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DENUDATION RATES; SLAB DETACHMENT AB Knickpoints in fluvial channel longitudinal profiles and channel steepness index values derived from digital elevation data can be used to detect tectonic structures and infer spatial patterns of uplift. However, changes in lithologic resistance to channel incision can also influence the morphology of longitudinal profiles. We compare the spatial patterns of both channel steepness index and cosmogenic Be-10-determined erosion rates from four landscapes in Italy, where the geology and tectonics are well constrained, to four theoretical predictions of channel morphologies, which can be interpreted as the result of primarily tectonic or lithologic controls. These data indicate that longitudinal profile forms controlled by unsteady or nonuniform tectonics can be distinguished from those controlled by nonuniform lithologic resistance. In each landscape the distribution of channel steepness index and erosion rates is consistent with model predictions and demonstrates that cosmogenic nuclide methods can be applied to distinguish between these two controlling factors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cyr, Andrew J.; Granger, Darryl E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Olivetti, Valerio; Molin, Paola] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Cyr, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM acyr@usgs.gov OI Cyr, Andrew/0000-0003-2293-5395 FU National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics Program [EAR-0208169 (RETREAT)]; PRIME Lab, Purdue University; U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Post-doctoral Research Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics Program grant EAR-0208169 (RETREAT), by PRIME Lab, Purdue University, and by the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Post-doctoral Research Fellowship Program. This manuscript benefitted from reviews by Sean Bemis, Keith Howard, two anonymous reviewers, and editorial guidance from Richard Marston. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 209 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.010 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AC1OD UT WOS:000332265000003 ER PT J AU Villa, F Bagstad, KJ Voigt, B Johnson, GW Portela, R Honzak, M Batker, D AF Villa, Ferdinando Bagstad, Kenneth J. Voigt, Brian Johnson, Gary W. Portela, Rosimeiry Honzak, Miroslav Batker, David TI A Methodology for Adaptable and Robust Ecosystem Services Assessment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; ECONOMIC VALUATION; BENEFIT TRANSFER; KNOWLEDGE; SCIENCE; MODEL; INTEGRATION; ONTOLOGIES; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Ecosystem Services (ES) are an established conceptual framework for attributing value to the benefits that nature provides to humans. As the promise of robust ES-driven management is put to the test, shortcomings in our ability to accurately measure, map, and value ES have surfaced. On the research side, mainstream methods for ES assessment still fall short of addressing the complex, multi-scale biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics inherent in ES provision, flow, and use. On the practitioner side, application of methods remains onerous due to data and model parameterization requirements. Further, it is increasingly clear that the dominant "one model fits all" paradigm is often ill-suited to address the diversity of real-world management situations that exist across the broad spectrum of coupled human-natural systems. This article introduces an integrated ES modeling methodology, named ARIES (ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services), which aims to introduce improvements on these fronts. To improve conceptual detail and representation of ES dynamics, it adopts a uniform conceptualization of ES that gives equal emphasis to their production, flow and use by society, while keeping model complexity low enough to enable rapid and inexpensive assessment in many contexts and for multiple services. To improve fit to diverse application contexts, the methodology is assisted by model integration technologies that allow assembly of customized models from a growing model base. By using computer learning and reasoning, model structure may be specialized for each application context without requiring costly expertise. In this article we discuss the founding principles of ARIES - both its innovative aspects for ES science and as an example of a new strategy to support more accurate decision making in diverse application contexts. C1 [Villa, Ferdinando] Basque Fdn Sci, IKERBASQUE, Basque Ctr Climate Change BC3, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. [Bagstad, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Voigt, Brian] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Johnson, Gary W.] Univ Vermont, Dept Comp Sci, Burlington, VT USA. [Portela, Rosimeiry; Honzak, Miroslav] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Batker, David] Earth Econ, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Villa, F (reprint author), Basque Fdn Sci, IKERBASQUE, Basque Ctr Climate Change BC3, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. EM ferdinando.villa@bc3research.org RI Azkarate, Ainhoa/K-9087-2013; OI Azkarate, Ainhoa/0000-0003-0471-3094; Johnson, Gary/0000-0001-8609-9256; Villa, Ferdinando/0000-0002-5114-3007 FU US National Science Foundation [9982938]; ASSETS project; ESPA/NERC [NE-J002267-1]; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program; World Bank WAVES partnership; US Agency for International Development [EEM-A-00-10-00001] FX The development of ARIES was originally funded by the US National Science Foundation (grant 9982938), and receives support from the ASSETS project funded by ESPA/NERC (grant NE-J002267-1). UNEP-WCMC and Conservation International also provided support for the development of specific components. Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program funded Bagstad's work at the U. S. Geological Survey. The World Bank WAVES partnership supported the case study in Madagascar. Funding for Brian Voigt was provided by the US Agency for International Development (EEM-A-00-10-00001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 102 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 105 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 13 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91001 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091001 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC9JS UT WOS:000332851300050 PM 24625496 ER PT J AU Polade, SD Pierce, DW Cayan, DR Gershunov, A Dettinger, MD AF Polade, Suraj D. Pierce, David W. Cayan, Daniel R. Gershunov, Alexander Dettinger, Michael D. TI The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY; DROUGHT; EVENTS; CMIP5 AB Future changes in the number of dry days per year can either reinforce or counteract projected increases in daily precipitation intensity as the climate warms. We analyze climate model projected changes in the number of dry days using 28 coupled global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, version 5 (CMIP5). We find that the Mediterranean Sea region, parts of Central and South America, and western Indonesia could experience up to 30 more dry days per year by the end of this century. We illustrate how changes in the number of dry days and the precipitation intensity on precipitating days combine to produce changes in annual precipitation, and show that over much of the subtropics the change in number of dry days dominates the annual changes in precipitation and accounts for a large part of the change in interannual precipitation variability. C1 [Polade, Suraj D.; Pierce, David W.; Cayan, Daniel R.; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Polade, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM spolade@ucsd.edu FU DOI via the Southwest Climate Science Center; NOAA via the RISA program through the California and Nevada Applications Center; California Energy Commission PIER Program; National Science Foundation [DUE-1239797] FX We thank Mary Tyree for archiving CMIP5 data sets and making them available locally. This work was supported by DOI via the Southwest Climate Science Center, by NOAA via the RISA program through the California and Nevada Applications Center, and by the California Energy Commission PIER Program. This study supports the climate science education efforts of Climate Education Partners, a project funded by a National Science Foundation Grant #DUE-1239797. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups who produced the models listed in supplementary paragraph S1 for making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 13 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4364 DI 10.1038/srep04364 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC7NM UT WOS:000332716400002 PM 24621567 ER PT J AU Baho, DL Drakare, S Johnson, RK Allen, CR Angeler, DG AF Baho, Didier L. Drakare, Stina Johnson, Richard K. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. TI Similar Resilience Attributes in Lakes with Different Management Practices SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; ACIDIFIED LAKES; BOREAL LAKES; FOOD-WEB; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; TEMPORAL SCALES; NORTHERN SWEDEN; SHALLOW LAKES AB Liming has been used extensively in Scandinavia and elsewhere since the 1970s to counteract the negative effects of acidification. Communities in limed lakes usually return to acidified conditions once liming is discontinued, suggesting that liming is unlikely to shift acidified lakes to a state equivalent to pre-acidification conditions that requires no further management intervention. While this suggests a low resilience of limed lakes, attributes that confer resilience have not been assessed, limiting our understanding of the efficiency of costly management programs. In this study, we assessed community metrics (diversity, richness, evenness, biovolume), multivariate community structure and the relative resilience of phytoplankton in limed, acidified and circum-neutral lakes from 1997 to 2009, using multivariate time series modeling. We identified dominant temporal frequencies in the data, allowing us to track community change at distinct temporal scales. We assessed two attributes of relative resilience (cross-scale and within-scale structure) of the phytoplankton communities, based on the fluctuation frequency patterns identified. We also assessed species with stochastic temporal dynamics. Liming increased phytoplankton diversity and richness; however, multivariate community structure differed in limed relative to acidified and circum-neutral lakes. Cross-scale and within-scale attributes of resilience were similar across all lakes studied but the contribution of those species exhibiting stochastic dynamics was higher in the acidified and limed compared to circum-neutral lakes. From a resilience perspective, our results suggest that limed lakes comprise a particular condition of an acidified lake state. This explains why liming does not move acidified lakes out of a "degraded'' basin of attraction. In addition, our study demonstrates the potential of time series modeling to assess the efficiency of restoration and management outcomes through quantification of the attributes contributing to resilience in ecosystems. C1 [Baho, Didier L.; Drakare, Stina; Johnson, Richard K.; Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Baho, DL (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden. EM didier.baho@slu.se RI Drakare, Stina/D-4532-2016 OI Drakare, Stina/0000-0002-7389-2105 FU August T. Larsson Foundation (NL Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Financial support was provided by the August T. Larsson Foundation (NL Faculty, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences). The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the authors or the U.S. government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91881 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091881 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC9GM UT WOS:000332842400139 PM 24618720 ER PT J AU O'Connell, JL Byrd, KB Kelly, M AF O'Connell, Jessica L. Byrd, Kristin B. Kelly, Maggi TI Remotely-Sensed Indicators of N-Related Biomass Allocation in Schoenoplectus acutus SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OPTIMAL PARTITIONING THEORY; SUBMERGING COASTAL MARSH; SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; CANOPY NITROGEN; SALT-MARSH; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NUTRIENT-ENRICHMENT; VEGETATION INDEXES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AB Coastal marshes depend on belowground biomass of roots and rhizomes to contribute to peat and soil organic carbon, accrete soil and alleviate flooding as sea level rises. For nutrient-limited plants, eutrophication has either reduced or stimulated belowground biomass depending on plant biomass allocation response to fertilization. Within a freshwater wetland impoundment receiving minimal sediments, we used experimental plots to explore growth models for a common freshwater macrophyte, Schoenoplectus acutus. We used N-addition and control plots (4 each) to test whether remotely sensed vegetation indices could predict leaf N concentration, root: shoot ratios and belowground biomass of S. acutus. Following 5 months of summer growth, we harvested whole plants, measured leaf N and total plant biomass of all above and belowground vegetation. Prior to harvest, we simulated measurement of plant spectral reflectance over 164 hyperspectral Hyperion satellite bands (350-2500 nm) with a portable spectroradiometer. N-addition did not alter whole plant, but reduced belowground biomass 36% and increased aboveground biomass 71%. We correlated leaf N concentration with known N-related spectral regions using all possible normalized difference (ND), simple band ratio (SR) and first order derivative ND (FDN) and SR (FDS) vegetation indices. FDN1235, (549) was most strongly correlated with leaf N concentration and also was related to belowground biomass, the first demonstration of spectral indices and belowground biomass relationships. While S. acutus exhibited balanced growth (reduced root: shoot ratio with respect to nutrient addition), our methods also might relate N-enrichment to biomass point estimates for plants with isometric root growth. For isometric growth, foliar N indices will scale equivalently with above and belowground biomass. Leaf N vegetation indices should aid in scaling-up field estimates of biomass and assist regional monitoring. C1 [O'Connell, Jessica L.; Kelly, Maggi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Byrd, Kristin B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kelly, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maggi@berkeley.edu OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822 FU NASA [NNH10A086I] FX This research was supported by K. Byrd's NASA New Investigator Program in Earth Sciences Grant Number: NNH10A086I. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90870 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090870 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC9FH UT WOS:000332839300046 PM 24614037 ER PT J AU Erickson, RA Cox, SB Oates, JL Anderson, TA Salice, CJ Long, KR AF Erickson, Richard A. Cox, Stephen B. Oates, Jessica L. Anderson, Todd A. Salice, Christopher J. Long, Kevin R. TI A Daphnia population model that considers pesticide exposure and demographic stochasticity SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Population modeling; Stochastic; Demographic stochasticity; Ecotoxicology ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; QUALITATIVE APPROACH; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CHRONIC TOXICITY; DYNAMICS; TOXICANT; MAGNA; EXTINCTION; EXAMPLES; LEVEL AB Population models have emerged as a powerful tool to better understand the ecological effects of toxicant exposure. Currently, most ecotoxicology population models are deterministic and fail to account for natural variability in biological processes and uncertainty in parameter estimates. We developed, parameterized, and analyzed a Daphnia population model with three different levels of demographic stochasticity to examine how a pesticide, pendimethalin, affects population dynamics. We conducted laboratory studies to generate the data used for the modeling process. The simplest model only included parameter uncertainty and variability. The second model included daily stochastic fecundities. The third model included stochastic fecundities and stochastic mortalities. Of the three models, the second model with stochastic fecundity best described our laboratory test system. All three models were used to test hypotheses about how pesticides would affect population dynamics. We found that pendimethalin either decreased the baseline juvenile survivorship rate or the carrying capacity. We could differentiate the two test effects with our system. Our findings demonstrate how stochastic population models may provide insight into pesticide exposure. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erickson, Richard A.; Cox, Stephen B.; Oates, Jessica L.; Anderson, Todd A.; Salice, Christopher J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Erickson, Richard A.] US Geol Survey, CNTS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Cox, Stephen B.; Oates, Jessica L.] Res & Testing Lab LLC, Lubbock, TX USA. [Long, Kevin R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Erickson, RA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM raerickson@gmail.com OI Erickson, Richard/0000-0003-4649-482X FU Helen Jones Foundation; Achievement Reward for College Scientists Foundation; US Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence [FA8903-12-C-0008]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91713201] FX WE Thogmartin and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments and feedback. RAE received funding from the Helen Jones Foundation and the Achievement Reward for College Scientists Foundation. This research was also supported by funds (FA8903-12-C-0008) from the US Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence to CJS.; This paper was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. FP91713201 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of Richard A. Erickson, and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this paper. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2014 VL 275 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.12.015 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB0UX UT WOS:000331508700005 ER PT J AU Williams, GJ Price, NN Ushijima, B Aeby, GS Callahan, S Davy, SK Gove, JM Johnson, MD Knapp, IS Shore-Maggio, A Smith, JE Videau, P Work, TM AF Williams, Gareth J. Price, Nichole N. Ushijima, Blake Aeby, Greta S. Callahan, Sean Davy, Simon K. Gove, Jamison M. Johnson, Maggie D. Knapp, Ingrid S. Shore-Maggio, Amanda Smith, Jennifer E. Videau, Patrick Work, Thierry M. TI Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coral reef; coralline fungal disease; ocean acidification; temperature; bio-erosion; climate change ID ALGA HYDROLITHON-ONKODES; CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; CENTRAL PACIFIC; PALMYRA ATOLL; BAND DISEASE; TEMPERATURE; REEF; BIOEROSION; PATTERNS; ISLANDS AB Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change. C1 [Williams, Gareth J.; Price, Nichole N.; Johnson, Maggie D.; Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ushijima, Blake; Callahan, Sean; Shore-Maggio, Amanda; Videau, Patrick] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ushijima, Blake; Aeby, Greta S.; Knapp, Ingrid S.; Shore-Maggio, Amanda] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Davy, Simon K.; Knapp, Ingrid S.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Williams, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gareth@ucsd.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; Johnson, Maggie/C-6469-2013 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; FU National Geographic Society; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Strategic Research Scholarship FX Funding was provided by the National Geographic Society, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and a Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Strategic Research Scholarship. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 20 U2 112 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1778 AR 20133069 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3069 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YN UT WOS:000332382300021 PM 24452029 ER PT J AU Stephenson, NL Das, AJ Condit, R Russo, SE Baker, PJ Beckman, NG Coomes, DA Lines, ER Morris, WK Ruger, N Alvarez, E Blundo, C Bunyavejchewin, S Chuyong, G Davies, SJ Duque, A Ewango, CN Flores, O Franklin, JF Grau, HR Hao, Z Harmon, ME Hubbell, SP Kenfack, D Lin, Y Makana, JR Malizia, A Malizia, LR Pabst, RJ Pongpattananurak, N Su, SH Sun, IF Tan, S Thomas, D van Mantgem, PJ Wang, X Wiser, SK Zavala, MA AF Stephenson, N. L. Das, A. J. Condit, R. Russo, S. E. Baker, P. J. Beckman, N. G. Coomes, D. A. Lines, E. R. Morris, W. K. Rueger, N. Alvarez, E. Blundo, C. Bunyavejchewin, S. Chuyong, G. Davies, S. J. Duque, A. Ewango, C. N. Flores, O. Franklin, J. F. Grau, H. R. Hao, Z. Harmon, M. E. Hubbell, S. P. Kenfack, D. Lin, Y. Makana, J. -R. Malizia, A. Malizia, L. R. Pabst, R. J. Pongpattananurak, N. Su, S. -H. Sun, I-F. Tan, S. Thomas, D. van Mantgem, P. J. Wang, X. Wiser, S. K. Zavala, M. A. TI Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; OLD TREES; STAND; COMPETITION; PLANT; LIMITATION; ALLOCATION; ALLOMETRY AB Forests are major components of the global carbon cycle, providing substantial feedback to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations(1). Our ability to understand and predict changes in the forest carbon cycle-particularly net primary productivity and carbon storage-increasingly relies on models that represent biological processes across several scales of biological organization, from tree leaves to forest stands(2,3). Yet, despite advances in our understanding of productivity at the scales of leaves and stands, no consensus exists about the nature of productivity at the scale of the individual tree(4-7), in part because we lack a broad empirical assessment of whether rates of absolute tree mass growth (and thus carbon accumulation) decrease, remain constant, or increase as trees increase in size and age. Here we present a global analysis of 403 tropical and temperate tree species, showing that for most species mass growth rate increases continuously with tree size. Thus, large, old trees do not act simply as senescent carbon reservoirs but actively fix large amounts of carbon compared to smaller trees; at the extreme, a single big tree can add the same amount of carbon to the forest within a year as is contained in an entire mid-sized tree. The apparent paradoxes of individual tree growth increasing with tree size despite declining leaf-level(8-10) and stand-level(10) productivity can be explained, respectively, by increases in a tree's total leaf area that outpace declines in productivity per unit of leaf area and, among other factors, age-related reductions in population density. Our results resolve conflicting assumptions about the nature of tree growth, inform efforts to under-tand and model forest carbon dynamics, and have additional implications for theories of resource allocation(11) and plant senescence(12). C1 [Stephenson, N. L.; Das, A. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Condit, R.; Rueger, N.; Hubbell, S. P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Russo, S. E.; Beckman, N. G.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Baker, P. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3121, Australia. [Coomes, D. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Lines, E. R.] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Morris, W. K.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Rueger, N.] Univ Leipzig, spebot, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Alvarez, E.] Jardin Bot Medellin, Medellin, Colombia. [Blundo, C.; Grau, H. R.; Malizia, A.] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Ecol Reg, RA-4107 Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina. [Bunyavejchewin, S.] Dept Natl Pk Wildlife & Plant Conservat, Res Off, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Chuyong, G.] Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Buea, Southwest Provi, Cameroon. [Davies, S. J.; Kenfack, D.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Global Earth Observ, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Duque, A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Ciencias Forestales, Medellin, Colombia. [Ewango, C. N.; Makana, J. -R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Flores, O.] Univ Reunion, CIRAD, Unite Mixte Rech Peuplements Vegetaux & Bioagrees, F-97410 St Pierre, France. [Franklin, J. F.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hao, Z.; Wang, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110164, Peoples R China. [Harmon, M. E.; Pabst, R. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hubbell, S. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lin, Y.] Tunghai Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. [Malizia, A.] Univ Nacl Jujuy, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-4600 San Salvador De Jujuy, Argentina. [Pongpattananurak, N.] Kasetsart Univ, Fac Forestry, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Su, S. -H.] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei 10066, Taiwan. [Sun, I-F.] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Hualien 97401, Taiwan. [Tan, S.] Sarawak Forestry Dept, Kuching 93660, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Thomas, D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [van Mantgem, P. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wiser, S. K.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Zavala, M. A.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Life Sci, Forest Ecol & Restorat Grp, Madrid 28805, Spain. RP Stephenson, NL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM nstephenson@usgs.gov RI wang, xugao/B-1111-2015; Zavala, Miguel/H-3603-2015; Ruger, Nadja/J-6393-2015; Beckman, Noelle/E-5554-2011; iDiv, Deutsches Zentrum/B-5164-2016; wiser, susan/G-1975-2011; OI wang, xugao/0000-0003-1207-8852; Zavala, Miguel/0000-0003-1456-0132; Ruger, Nadja/0000-0003-2371-4172; Beckman, Noelle/0000-0001-5822-0610; wiser, susan/0000-0002-8938-8181; Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124; Flores, Olivier/0000-0002-1416-0449 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change mission areas; Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory-Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS); University of Nebraska-Lincoln Program of Excellence in Population Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31370444]; State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology [LFSE2013-11]; USGS; CTFS; US National Science Foundation; Andrews LTER [NSF-LTER DEB-0823380]; US National Park Service; US Forest Service (USFS); USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis Program; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; MAGRAMA; Council of Agriculture of Taiwan; National Science Council of Taiwan; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Landcare Research; National Vegetation Survey Database (NVS) of New Zealand; French Fund for the Global Environment; Fundacion ProYungas FX We thank the hundreds of people who have established and maintained the forest plots and their associated databases; M. G. Ryan for comments on the manuscript; C. D. Canham and T. Hart for supplying data; C. D. Canham for discussions and feedback; J. S. Baron for hosting our workshops; and Spain's Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente (MAGRAMA) for granting access to the Spanish Forest Inventory Data. Our analyses were supported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change mission areas, the Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory-Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), and a University of Nebraska-Lincoln Program of Excellence in Population Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship (to N.G.B.). In addition, X. W. was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370444) and State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology (LFSE2013-11). Data collection was funded by a broad range of organizations including the USGS, the CTFS, the US National Science Foundation, the Andrews LTER (NSF-LTER DEB-0823380), the US National Park Service, the US Forest Service (USFS), the USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, MAGRAMA, the Council of Agriculture of Taiwan, the National Science Council of Taiwan, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Landcare Research and the National Vegetation Survey Database (NVS) of New Zealand, the French Fund for the Global Environment and Fundacion ProYungas. This paper is a contribution from the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USA government. NR 50 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 41 U2 341 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 6 PY 2014 VL 507 IS 7490 BP 90 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12914 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC0ZQ UT WOS:000332224400048 PM 24429523 ER PT J AU Olson, SH Parmley, J Soos, C Gilbert, M Latorre-Margalef, N Hall, JS Hansbro, PM Leighton, F Munster, V Joly, D AF Olson, Sarah H. Parmley, Jane Soos, Catherine Gilbert, Martin Latorre-Margalef, Neus Hall, Jeffrey S. Hansbro, Phillip M. Leighton, Frederick Munster, Vincent Joly, Damien TI Sampling Strategies and Biodiversity of Influenza A Subtypes in Wild Birds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; MIGRATORY BIRDS; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; WATERFOWL; PREVALENCE; PREDICTION; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; DUCKS AB Wild aquatic birds are recognized as the natural reservoir of avian influenza A viruses (AIV), but across high and low pathogenic AIV strains, scientists have yet to rigorously identify most competent hosts for the various subtypes. We examined 11,870 GenBank records to provide a baseline inventory and insight into patterns of global AIV subtype diversity and richness. Further, we conducted an extensive literature review and communicated directly with scientists to accumulate data from 50 non-overlapping studies and over 250,000 birds to assess the status of historic sampling effort. We then built virus subtype sample-based accumulation curves to better estimate sample size targets that capture a specific percentage of virus subtype richness at seven sampling locations. Our study identifies a sampling methodology that will detect an estimated 75% of circulating virus subtypes from a targeted bird population and outlines future surveillance and research priorities that are needed to explore the influence of host and virus biodiversity on emergence and transmission. C1 [Olson, Sarah H.; Gilbert, Martin] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Parmley, Jane] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Soos, Catherine] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Latorre-Margalef, Neus] Linnaeus Univ, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS, Kalmar, Sweden. [Latorre-Margalef, Neus] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Hansbro, Phillip M.] Univ Newcastle, Prior Res Ctr Asthma & Resp Dis, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. [Hansbro, Phillip M.] Hunter Med Res Inst, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. [Leighton, Frederick] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Munster, Vincent] NIAID, Virol Lab, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Hamilton, MT USA. [Joly, Damien] Metabiota, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. RP Joly, D (reprint author), Metabiota, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. EM djoly@metabiota.com OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826; Munster, Vincent/0000-0002-2288-3196 FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH); Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200700007C] FX This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats program, PREDICT project. VJM is supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health. Additional funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Department of Health and Human Services under contract HHSN266200700007C. Journal access was provided by in-kind support from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90826 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090826 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC4GP UT WOS:000332479400137 PM 24599502 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Deweber, JT Detar, J Kristine, D Sweka, JA AF Wagner, Tyler Deweber, Jefferson T. Detar, Jason Kristine, David Sweka, John A. TI Spatial and Temporal Dynamics in Brook Trout Density: Implications for Population Monitoring SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; WISCONSIN STREAMS; HABITAT; COVER; TEMPERATURE; DECLINES; IMPACTS AB Many potential stressors to aquatic environments operate over large spatial scales, prompting the need to assess and monitor both site-specific and regional dynamics of fish populations. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability in density and capture probability of age-1 and older Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis from three-pass removal data collected at 291 sites over a 37-year time period (1975-2011) in Pennsylvania streams. There was high between-year variability in density, with annual posterior means ranging from 2.1 to 10.2 fish/100m(2); however, there was no significant long-term linear trend. Brook Trout density was positively correlated with elevation and negatively correlated with percent developed land use in the network catchment. Probability of capture did not vary substantially across sites or years but was negatively correlated with mean stream width. Because of the low spatiotemporal variation in capture probability and a strong correlation between first-pass CPUE (catch/min) and three-pass removal density estimates, the use of an abundance index based on first-pass CPUE could represent a cost-effective alternative to conducting multiple-pass removal sampling for some Brook Trout monitoring and assessment objectives. Single-pass indices may be particularly relevant for monitoring objectives that do not require precise site-specific estimates, such as regional monitoring programs that are designed to detect long-term linear trends in density. Received April 22, 2013; accepted September 18, 2013 C1 [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Deweber, Jefferson T.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Detar, Jason; Kristine, David] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txw19@psu.edu FU PFBC FX We thank PFBC for supporting this work and PFBC staff for completing the many field surveys required for this analysis. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 258 EP 269 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.847878 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AF1QW UT WOS:000334489400004 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Li, XL Liang, SL Cui, XF Dong, WJ Liu, SG Xia, JZ Chen, Y Liu, D Zhu, WQ AF Yuan, Wenping Li, Xianglan Liang, Shunlin Cui, Xuefeng Dong, Wenjie Liu, Shuguang Xia, Jiangzhou Chen, Yang Liu, Dan Zhu, Wenquan TI Characterization of locations and extents of afforestation from the Grain for Green Project in China SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOESS PLATEAU; SOIL-EROSION; PROGRAM; YIELD; AVHRR AB The Chinese government started implementation of the Grain for Green Project (GGP) in 1999, aiming to convert cropland to forestland to mitigate soil erosion problems in areas across the country. Although the project has generated substantial environmental benefits, such as erosion reduction, carbon sequestration and water quality improvements, the magnitude of these benefits has not yet been well quantified due to the lack of location-specific data describing the afforestation efforts. Remote sensing is well suited to detect afforestation locations, a prerequisite for estimating the impacts of the project. In this study, we first examined the practicability of using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover product to detect afforestation locations; however, the results showed that the MODIS product failed to distinguish the afforestation areas of GGP. Then, we used a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series analysis approach for detecting afforestation locations, applying statistical data to determine the NDVI threshold of converted croplands. The technique provided the necessary information for location of afforestation implemented under GGP, explaining 85% of conversion from cropland to forestlands across all provinces. The coefficients of determination between detected afforestation and statistical areas at the most provinces were more than 0.7 which indicated the high performance. Moreover, more than 60% of GGP locations identified in all the provinces had a slope of over 25 degrees, which was consistent with the main criterion of GGP. These results should enable wide application of the method to evaluate the impacts of the project on regional carbon budgets, water yield and soil erosion. C1 [Yuan, Wenping; Cui, Xuefeng; Dong, Wenjie; Xia, Jiangzhou; Chen, Yang; Liu, Dan; Zhu, Wenquan] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Wenping] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xianglan; Liang, Shunlin; Cui, Xuefeng] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Liu, Shuguang] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, State Engn Lab Southern Forestry Appl Ecol & Tech, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Wenquan] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM yuanwpcn@126.com RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB952001]; National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China [41322005]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-12-0060]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China [grant number 2011CB952001]; National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China [grant number 41322005]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [grant number NCET-12-0060] and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 52 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2014.894655 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AE5PC UT WOS:000334040100003 ER PT J AU Goodwell, AE Zhu, ZD Dutta, D Greenberg, JA Kumar, P Garcia, MH Rhoads, BL Holmes, RR Parker, G Berretta, DP Jacobson, RB AF Goodwell, Allison E. Zhu, Zhenduo Dutta, Debsunder Greenberg, Jonathan A. Kumar, Praveen Garcia, Marcelo H. Rhoads, Bruce L. Holmes, Robert R. Parker, Gary Berretta, David P. Jacobson, Robert B. TI Assessment of Floodplain Vulnerability during Extreme Mississippi River Flood 2011 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; VALLEY; SEDIMENTATION AB Regional change in the variability and magnitude of flooding could be a major consequence of future global climate change. Extreme floods have the capacity to rapidly transform landscapes and expose landscape vulnerabilities through highly variable spatial patterns of inundation, erosion, and deposition. We use the historic activation of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway during the Mississippi and Ohio River Flooding of 2011 as a scientifically unique stress experiment to analyze indicators of floodplain vulnerability. We use pre- and postflood airborne Light Detection and Ranging data sets to locate erosional and depositional hotspots over the 540 km(2) agricultural Floodway. While riparian vegetation between the river and the main levee breach likely prevented widespread deposition, localized scour and deposition occurred near the levee breaches. Eroded gullies nearly 1 km in length were observed at a low ridge of a relict meander scar of the Mississippi River. Our flow modeling and spatial mapping analysis attributes this vulnerability to a combination of erodible soils, flow acceleration associated with legacy fluvial landforms, and a lack of woody vegetation to anchor soil and enhance flow resistance. Results from this study could guide future mitigation and adaptation measures in cases of extreme flooding. C1 [Goodwell, Allison E.; Zhu, Zhenduo; Dutta, Debsunder; Kumar, Praveen; Garcia, Marcelo H.; Parker, Gary] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Greenberg, Jonathan A.; Rhoads, Bruce L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Holmes, Robert R.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Memphis Dist, MO 65201 USA. [Berretta, David P.] US Army Corps Engineers, Memphis Dist, MO 65201 USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kumar1@illinois.edu RI Kumar, Praveen/D-2036-2010; OI Kumar, Praveen/0000-0002-4787-0308; Goodwell, Allison/0000-0001-9351-557X; Greenberg, Jonathan/0000-0001-8435-9077 FU NSF RAPID Grant [EAR 1140198]; University of Illinois; Ravindar K and Kavita Kinra Fellowship; Chester and Helen Siess Professorship FX We gratefully acknowledge NSF RAPID Grant No. EAR 1140198 and AVIRIS Data Collection supported by NASA. The USGS provided flow and depth data used for model validation. The USACE provided the processed Lidar 2005 and 2011 DEMs through a Memorandum of Understanding with the University of Illinois. The USACE and USGS both provided insights into the levee breach operation and impacts. A.G. was supported by the Carver and SURGE Fellowships at the University of Illinois. D.D. was supported by Ravindar K and Kavita Kinra Fellowship. Z.Z. and M.H.G. acknowledge the support from Chester and Helen Siess Professorship. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2619 EP 2625 DI 10.1021/es404760t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4MA UT WOS:000332494200013 PM 24512322 ER PT J AU Meyer, E Eagles-Smith, CA Sparling, D Blumenshine, S AF Meyer, Erik Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Sparling, Donald Blumenshine, Steve TI Mercury Exposure Associated with Altered Plasma Thyroid Hormones in the Declining Western Pond Turtle (Emys marmorata) from California Mountain Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; CARETTA-CARETTA; METHYLMERCURY; BLOOD; USA; AMPHIBIANS; WILDLIFE; FLORIDA; BIRDS AB Mercury (Hg) is a global threat to wildlife health that can impair many physiological processes. Mercury has well-documented endocrine activity; however, little work on the effects of Hg on the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in aquatic wildlife exists despite the fact that it is a sensitive endpoint of contaminant exposure. An emerging body of evidence points to the toxicological susceptibility of aquatic reptiles to Hg exposure. We examined the endocrine disrupting potential of Hg in the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata), a long-lived reptile that is in decline throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. We measured total Hg (THg) concentrations in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma T3 and T4 of turtles from several locations in California that have been impacted by historic gold mining. Across all turtles from all sites, the geometric mean and standard error THg concentration was 0.805 +/- 0.025 mu g/g dry weight. Sampling region and mass were the strongest determinants of RBC THg. Relationships between RBC THg and T3 and T4 were consistent with Hg-induced disruption of T4 deiodination, a mechanism of toxicity that may cause excess T4 levels and depressed concentrations of biologically active T3. C1 [Meyer, Erik; Blumenshine, Steve] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sparling, Donald] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Southwest Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX This research was funded by the U.S. National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. We thank Charisse Sydoriak, Danny Boiano, Annie Esperanza, Harold Werner, Erik Frenzel, and Sheila Lindquist of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, James Bettaso of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Paul Crosbie of California State University, Fresno, Green Diamond Resource Co., Jim and Gay Versteeg, Miguel Provencio, and the many volunteers for field and logistical support, and John Pierce, Brandon Kowalski, and Branden Johnson for lab support. Garth Herring, Allyson Jackson, James Willacker, Bruce Bury, and three anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on early versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2989 EP 2996 DI 10.1021/es4050538 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4MA UT WOS:000332494200056 PM 24559486 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Smith, R Vanderklok, M VerCauteren, KC AF Walter, W. David Smith, Rick Vanderklok, Mike VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Linking Bovine Tuberculosis on Cattle Farms to White-Tailed Deer and Environmental Variables Using Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; MICHIGAN; WILDLIFE; MANAGEMENT; CONVERGENCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; RISK AB Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis in livestock and wildlife with hosts that include Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Risk-assessment efforts in Michigan have been initiated on farms to minimize interactions of cattle with wildlife hosts but research on M. bovis on cattle farms has not investigated the spatial context of disease epidemiology. To incorporate spatially explicit data, initial likelihood of infection probabilities for cattle farms tested for M. bovis, prevalence of M. bovis in white-tailed deer, deer density, and environmental variables for each farm were modeled in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. We used geo-referenced locations of 762 cattle farms that have been tested for M. bovis, white-tailed deer prevalence, and several environmental variables that may lead to long-term survival and viability of M. bovis on farms and surrounding habitats (i.e., soil type, habitat type). Bayesian hierarchical analyses identified deer prevalence and proportion of sandy soil within our sampling grid as the most supported model. Analysis of cattle farms tested for M. bovis identified that for every 1% increase in sandy soil resulted in an increase in odds of infection by 4%. Our analysis revealed that the influence of prevalence of M. bovis in white-tailed deer was still a concern even after considerable efforts to prevent cattle interactions with white-tailed deer through on-farm mitigation and reduction in the deer population. Cattle farms test positive for M. bovis annually in our study area suggesting that the potential for an environmental source either on farms or in the surrounding landscape may contributing to new or re-infections with M. bovis. Our research provides an initial assessment of potential environmental factors that could be incorporated into additional modeling efforts as more knowledge of deer herd factors and cattle farm prevalence is documented. C1 [Walter, W. David] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smith, Rick; Vanderklok, Mike] Michigan Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Anim Ind Div, Lansing, MI USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wdwalter@psu.edu FU National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Wildlife Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90925 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090925 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC4CT UT WOS:000332468900158 PM 24595231 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Livieri, TM Millspaugh, JJ AF Eads, David A. Biggins, Dean E. Livieri, Travis M. Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI Space use, resource selection and territoriality of black-footed ferrets: implications for reserve design SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; HOME-RANGE; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; BANDWIDTH SELECTION; MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; CONATA BASIN; FOOD-HABITS; MALE STOATS AB Insight into the spatial ecology of predators might help biologists to design wildlife reserves that maximize conservation success. We investigated the spatial ecology of endangered black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes during the post-breeding seasons (June-October) of 2007 and 2008 on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus in South Dakota, USA. Ferrets of both sexes frequently used areas with an abundance of active openings to prairie dog burrows, suggesting a positive response to refuge and prey. Densities of active burrow openings were similar in areas of same-sex overlap and areas of exclusive space use, which might suggest limited defense of resources by ferrets. However, this result could be expected in our study because much of the study colony contained high densities of active burrow openings. Same-sex home ranges overlapped in area, but the intensity of space use overlap was low. For male ferrets with overlapping home ranges, both males tended to spend low amounts of time in areas of overlap. In contrast, for pairs of overlapping female home ranges, one female frequently used areas of overlap while the second apparently avoided them, suggesting a dominance hierarchy of some sort. Core areas were essentially exclusive. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of intrasexual territoriality by ferrets in habitats of high quality, which would limit the number of ferrets a habitat supports. Where wildlife managers aim to maximize densities of free-ranging ferrets, it might be beneficial to create reserves that 1) provide each ferret with sufficient prey and refuge, 2) reduce social conflict and competition for space, and 3) facilitate dispersal. C1 [Eads, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU State Wildlife Grant [T35]; South Dakota Dept of Game, Fish and Parks [2435]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Prairie Wildlife Research; Denver Zoological Foundation; Univ. of Missouri FX This research was supported by State Wildlife Grant T35, study no. 2435, provided by the South Dakota Dept of Game, Fish and Parks; the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; the US Fish and Wildlife Service; the US Geological Survey; Prairie Wildlife Research; the Denver Zoological Foundation; and the Univ. of Missouri. DAE was also supported by S. and D. Webb. We greatly appreciate assistance with spotlighting from D. Marsh, P. Gober and S. Larson, and with burrow mapping from D. Jachowski, M. Reuber, A. Turgeon and R. Jachowski. The Woodenknife's and Baysinger's kindly provided housing. Thanks also to M. Gompper and H. He, who facilitated the field research and analyses, and R. Powell for providing literature on AIM core area estimation. S. Grassel, D. Jachowski, B. Miller and P. Stevens provided constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 23 U2 72 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.2981/wlb.13070 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AO9TS UT WOS:000341700900003 ER PT J AU Mazur, MLC Kowalski, KP Galbraith, D AF Mazur, Martha L. Carlson Kowalski, Kurt P. Galbraith, David TI Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE abiotic drivers; boosted regression tree; climate change; invasive species; remote sensing; species distribution modeling ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; INVASION; PREDICTION; WETLANDS; MARSH; MECHANISMS AB In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the invasive form of Phragmites australis (common reed) poses a threat to highly productive coastal wetlands and shorelines by forming impenetrable stands that outcompete native plants. Large, dominant stands can derail efforts to restore wetland ecosystems degraded by other stressors. To be proactive, landscape-level management of Phragmites requires information on the current spatial distribution of the species and a characterization of areas suitable for future colonization. Using a recent basin-scale map of this invasive plant's distribution in the U.S. coastal zone of the Great Lakes, environmental data (e. g., soils, nutrients, disturbance, climate, topography), and climate predictions, we performed analyses of current and predicted suitable coastal habitat using boosted regression trees, a type of species distribution modeling. We also investigated differential influences of environmental variables in the upper lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron) and lower lakes (Lakes St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario). Basin-wide results showed that the coastal areas most vulnerable to Phragmites expansion were in close proximity to developed lands and had minimal topographic relief, poorly drained soils, and dense road networks. Elevated nutrients and proximity to agriculture also influenced the distribution of Phragmites. Climate predictions indicated an increase in suitable habitat in coastal Lakes Huron and Michigan in particular. The results of this study, combined with a publicly available online decision support tool, will enable resource managers and restoration practitioners to target and prioritize Phragmites control efforts in the Great Lakes coastal zone. C1 [Mazur, Martha L. Carlson] Bellarmine Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. [Kowalski, Kurt P.; Galbraith, David] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Mazur, MLC (reprint author), Bellarmine Univ, Sch Environm Studies, 2001 Newburg Rd, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. EM mmazur@bellarmine.edu; kkowalski@usgs.gov; dmgalbraith@gmail.com OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office FX Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes National Program Office. We appreciate comments by many reviewers, including Paul Seelbach, Dale Robertson, and anonymous reviewers who helped to improve this manuscript. Our work has benefitted from the help of many colleagues. We thank: David Bennion and Jean Adams (USGS GLSC); Richard Powell and Kirk Scarborough (Michigan Tech Research Institute, MTRI); Dale Robertson, David Saad, and Jana Stewart (USGS WI Water Science Center); Brian Huberty (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); David Blodgett (USGS Center for Integrated Data Analysis); Howard Reeves and Lori Fuller (USGS MI Water Science Center); Rebecca Mataosky (NOAA Coastal Services Center); Charlene Sylvester (USACE JALBTCX); Calvin Lawrence (WI DNR); Christine Geddes Joseph and Lacey Mason (Univ. of MI); Nick Danz and Tom Hollenhorst (Univ. of MN-Duluth); Victor DiGiacomo (Niagara County Soil and Water Conservation District); Robert P. Anderson (City College of New York); Jane Elith (University of Melbourne); and Carlos Eduardo (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security). This publication is contribution 1818 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 66 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD MAR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN9RH UT WOS:000340944900001 ER PT J AU McKenna, JP Santi, PM Baum, RL AF McKenna, Jonathan P. Santi, Paul M. Baum, Rex L. TI An experimental method for testing soil mobility of landslides SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; FLOWS; SHEAR AB Debris flows can travel great distances from their sources and pose hazards to communities downstream. Identification of soils susceptible to liquefaction during slope failure could aid in locating potential debris-flow sources. We used a modified version of the slump test, typically used to measure the consistency of wet concrete mix, to test the proclivity of soil to flow. The method can be used to identify a threshold density below which a soil will flow under field-saturated conditions. We performed 51 soil mobility tests on 13 sandy and gravelly soils with 0%-16% silt and clay (fines) and one sample with 72% fines collected from landslide and nonlandslide sites. Results are consistent with corresponding site porosity and failure mode for coarse-grained soils. Threshold porosity for flow ranged from 0.39 to 0.65. Highest failure velocities were associated with the loosest soils and soils with the lowest permeability. Failure velocities and modes observed in our tests were consistent with test results for identical soils in a large-scale flume on thicker samples (0.65 m) that approach average failure depths measured in the field (0.75 m). This novel test was successfully designed as a rapidly conducted (similar to 24 h to prepare and test samples, including overnight saturation), low-cost alternative to large-diameter triaxial tests capable of testing gravelly soils that does not require a predefined shear rate, allowing pore pressure to evolve as soil fails under self-weight and drained conditions. C1 [McKenna, Jonathan P.; Baum, Rex L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Santi, Paul M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McKenna, JP (reprint author), MicroSeism Inc, 621 17th St,Suite 2001, Denver, CO 80293 USA. EM jmckenna@microseismic.com; psanti@mines.edu; baum@usgs.gov OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey for funding this research. In addition, we are grateful for all who contributed to this work, especially John Jezek, Richard Iverson, William Schulz, Jason Hinkle, Joseph Gartner, and Jonathan Godt. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1130/B30870.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YC UT WOS:000341192900002 ER PT J AU Walaszczyk, I Shank, JA Plint, AG Cobban, WA AF Walaszczyk, Ireneusz Shank, Joel A. Plint, A. Guy Cobban, William A. TI Interregional correlation of disconformities in Upper Cretaceous strata, Western Interior Seaway: Biostratigraphic and sequence-stratigraphic evidence for eustatic change SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARDIUM FORMATION; CONIACIAN; ALBERTA; FRAMEWORK; BASIN AB An integrated bio- and allostratigraphic study of uppermost Turonian and Lower Coniacian strata at Pueblo, Colorado, and coeval strata 1650 km to the NW at Horseshoe Dam, Alberta, has shown that physical disconformities, related to relative changes in sea level, can be recognized at each locality. Stratigraphic control provided by the succession of inoceramid bivalves suggests that at least two disconformities are synchronous, implying some degree of eustatic control on their formation. The new study shows that the Fort Hays Limestone Member of the Niobrara Formation, exposed near Pueblo, Colorado, contains a major faunal gap embracing the zones of Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis hannovrensis and Cremnoceramus crassus inconstans; this faunal gap is also recognized over large areas of the U. S. western interior. The faunal gap was formerly explained in terms of biogeographic provincialism. However, study of an expanded proximal fore-deep section of the Upper Turonian to Lower Coniacian Cardium Formation at Horseshoe Dam, in southern Alberta, revealed the presence of both C. waltersdorfensis hannovrensis and C. crassus inconstans zones. These zones are overlain, at Cardium transgressive surface E7, by strata with Cremnoceramus crassus crassus. Depositional successions and transgressive surfaces in the Horseshoe Dam section were traced, using wire-line logs, to coeval strata exposed at Deer Creek, Montana, 365 km to the SE. There, Cremnoceramus deformis erectus and Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis waltersdorfensis occur above Cardium erosion surface E5.5 and mark the base of the Coniacian. The discovery of this succession of Lower Coniacian inoceramid faunas indicates that the North American record can be directly interpreted in terms of the standard European zonation. At Pueblo, the stratigraphic gap corresponding to the missing C. waltersdorfensis hannovrensis and C. crassus inconstans zones is represented by a shell hash at the top of bed 37 of the Fort Hays Limestone; the top of this bed is correlated with the E7 surface at the top of the Cardium Formation. A second hiatus is recognized in the Fort Hays Limestone at a hardground at the top of bed 29; the inoceramid succession suggests that this surface correlates with a latest Turonian lowstand unconformity represented by the Cardium E5.5 surface in Alberta. The transgressive-regressive successions and their associated inoceramid faunas recorded by the E5.5 and E7 surfaces in Alberta, and equivalent surfaces in the Fort Hays Limestone in Colorado are comparable to the transgressive-regressive facies relationships and the inoceramid faunal succession documented in central Europe; this similarity implies an element of eustatic control on these relative sea-level changes. C1 [Walaszczyk, Ireneusz] Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. [Shank, Joel A.; Plint, A. Guy] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Cobban, William A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Plint, AG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM i.walaszczyk@uw.edu.pl; joel.a.shank@esso.ca; gplint@uwo.ca FU U.S. Geological Survey in Denver; American Association of Petroleum Geologists; Society for Sedimentary Geology Weimer Student Research Grant; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Walaszczyk acknowledges the support of his Faculty of Geology in Warsaw and also from the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver. Field work by Shank was supported in part by an American Association of Petroleum Geologists Grant-in-Aid and a Society for Sedimentary Geology Weimer Student Research Grant; Shank also acknowledges support from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postgraduate scholarship. Plint acknowledges Discovery Grant funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, which has supported long-term investigation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. We thank James MacEachern for his comments on the trace fossils. We are grateful to an anonymous referee, and Associate Editor Brian Pratt for their detailed comments, which led to significant clarification of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1130/B30823.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YC UT WOS:000341192900004 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JE Mangano, JF Anderson, SW Wallick, JR Jones, KL Keith, MK AF O'Connor, Jim E. Mangano, Joseph F. Anderson, Scott W. Wallick, J. Rose Jones, Krista L. Keith, Mackenzie K. TI Geologic and physiographic controls on bed-material yield, transport, and channel morphology for alluvial and bedrock rivers, western Oregon SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; DENUDATION RATES; EROSION RATES; ABRASION; CALIFORNIA; GRAVELS; SIZE; USA AB The rivers of western Oregon have diverse forms and characteristics, with channel substrates ranging from continuous alluvial gravel to bare bedrock. Analysis of several measurable morphologic attributes of 24 valley reaches on 17 rivers provides a basis for comparing nonalluvial and alluvial channels. Key differences are that alluvial reaches have greater bar area, greater migration rates, and show systematic correlation among variables relating grain size to bed-material transport capacity. We relate these differences between channel types to bed-material transport rates as derived from a coupled regional analysis of empirical sediment yield measurements and physical experiments of clast attrition during transport. This sediment supply analysis shows that overall bed-material transport rates for western Oregon are chiefly controlled by (1) lithology and basin slope, which are the key factors for bed-material supply into the stream network, and (2) lithologic control of bed-material attrition from in-transport abrasion and disintegration. This bed-material comminution strongly affects bed-material transport in the study area, reducing transport rates by 50%-90% along the length of the larger rivers in the study area. A comparison of the bed-material transport estimates with the morphologic analyses shows that alluvial gravel-bed channels have systematic and bounding relations between bed-material transport rate and attributes such as bar area and local transport capacity. By contrast, few such relations are evident for nonalluvial rivers with bedrock or mixed-bed substrates, which are apparently more influenced by local controls on channel geometry and sediment supply. At the scale of western Oregon, the physiographic and lithologic controls on the balance between bed-material supply and transport capacity exert far-reaching influence on the distribution of alluvial and nonalluvial channels and their consequently distinctive morphologies and behaviors-differences germane for understanding river response to tectonics and environmental perturbations, as well as for implementing effective restoration and monitoring strategies. C1 [O'Connor, Jim E.; Mangano, Joseph F.; Anderson, Scott W.; Wallick, J. Rose; Jones, Krista L.; Keith, Mackenzie K.] Oregon Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mangano, Joseph F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Anderson, Scott W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP O'Connor, JE (reprint author), Oregon Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM oconnor@usgs.gov OI Anderson, Scott/0000-0003-1678-5204 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Oregon Department of State Lands; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Oregon Department of State Lands, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Charles Cannon, Danial Polette, Norman Buccola, Ester Duggan, Rachel Peavler, Tara Chestnut, Steve Sobieszczyck, Terrence Conlon, and Xavier Rodriquez Lloveras assisted with field measurements. Esther Duggan and Eric Stautberg assisted with the tumbler experiments. Tana Haluska and Charles Cannon provided geographic information systems assistance. Discussions with Gordon Grant, Janine Castro, Peter Klingeman, Joshua Roering, Thomas Lisle, Erich Mueller, Peter Wilcock, and John Pitlick helped shape many of the conclusions presented here. Geological Society of America reviewers, including Nicole Gasparini and Associate Editor Joel Pederson, improved the manuscript. NR 97 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 397 DI 10.1130/B30831.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YC UT WOS:000341192900008 ER PT J AU Egger, AE Glen, JMG McPhee, DK AF Egger, Anne E. Glen, Jonathan M. G. McPhee, Darcy K. TI Structural controls on geothermal circulation in Surprise Valley, California: A re-evaluation of the Lake City fault zone SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; NEW-ZEALAND; BASIN; EARTHQUAKES; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; INVERSION; HISTORY; NEVADA; RANGE AB Faults and fractures play an important role in the circulation of geothermal fluids in the crust, and the nature of that role varies according to structural setting and state of stress. As a result, detailed geologic and geophysical mapping that relates thermal springs to known structural features is essential to modeling geothermal systems. Published maps of Surprise Valley in northeastern California suggest that the "Lake City fault" or "Lake City fault zone" is a significant structural feature, cutting obliquely across the basin and connecting thermal springs across the valley. Newly acquired geophysical data (audio-magnetotelluric, gravity, and magnetic), combined with existing geochemical and geological data, suggest otherwise. We examine potential field profiles and resistivity models that cross the mapped Lake City fault zone. While there are numerous geophysical anomalies that suggest subsurface structures, they mostly do not coincide with the mapped traces of the Lake City fault zone, nor do they show a consistent signature in gravity, magnetics, or resistivities that would suggest a through-going fault that would promote connectivity through lateral fluid flow. Instead of a single, continuous fault, we propose the presence of a deformation zone associated with the growth of the range-front Surprise Valley fault. The implication for geothermal circulation is that this is a zone of enhanced porosity but lacks length-wise connectivity that could conduct fluids across the valley. Thermal fluid circulation is most likely controlled primarily by interactions between N-S-trending normal faults. C1 [Egger, Anne E.] Cent Washington Univ, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Glen, Jonathan M. G.; McPhee, Darcy K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Egger, AE (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, 400 E Univ Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM eggera@cwu.edu NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1130/B30785.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YC UT WOS:000341192900016 ER PT J AU West, DP Abbott, RN Bandy, BR Kunk, MJ AF West, David P., Jr. Abbott, Richard N., Jr. Bandy, Betsy R. Kunk, Michael J. TI Protolith provenance and thermotectonic history of metamorphic rocks in eastern Jamaica: Evolution of a transform plate boundary SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ISLAND-ARC; CARIBBEAN PLATE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; GREATER ANTILLES; FORMING MINERALS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; AR-40/AR-39; NORTHERN; LAVAS; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Two fault-bounded sequences of metamorphic rocks are exposed in the Blue Mountains of eastern Jamaica. Westphalia Schist is dominated by amphibolite facies hornblende schist and mica schist. Mt. Hibernia Schist is dominated by blueschist-greenschist facies metabasalts. New whole-rock geochemistry and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages clarify the tectonic setting of the protoliths, timing of post-metamorphic cooling, and evolution of the northern margin of the Caribbean plate. Westphalia Schist is geochemically variable, with mafic igneous protoliths or volcaniclastic sedimentary protoliths. Regardless of the protolith, the trace-element geochemistry is consistent with an island-arc tectonic environment. These rocks most likely represent metamorphosed equivalents of the regionally extensive Early Cretaceous Greater Antilles arc that is preserved discontinuously along the present-day northern margin of the Caribbean plate. Mt. Hibernia Schist shows little geochemical variability, with an igneous protolith of subalkaline basaltic composition. Flat rare-earth-element patterns and flat extended trace-element patterns are consistent with an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt or oceanic plateau environment. However, in terms of immobile elements, Mt. Hibernia Schist is geochemically indistinguishable from nearby ca. 90 Ma basalt of the Bath-Dunrobin Formation, which is a product of Caribbean plate-forming ocean plateau magmatism; i.e., Caribbean large igneous province. Hence, an ocean plateau environment is inferred for the Mt. Hibernia protolith. The Westphalia and Mt. Hibernia Schists are currently juxtaposed along the Blue Mountain fault, yet were subjected to very different subduction-related metamorphic histories. Stratigraphic relationships require that the metamorphic rocks were uplifted, and exposed at the surface by the Early Paleocene. Ar-40/Ar-39 ages indicate that the two units were affected differently by burial metamorphism related to Paleocene-Early Eocene transtensional tectonics. Final juxtaposition of Westphalia Schist and Mt. Hibernia Schist was accomplished through a combination of vertical and horizontal displacements during Neogene transpression along the Plantain Garden fault. C1 [West, David P., Jr.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Abbott, Richard N., Jr.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Bandy, Betsy R.] Minist Sci Technol Energy & Min, Kingston, Jamaica. [Kunk, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP West, DP (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM dwest@middlebury.edu FU Llewellyn and Ruth Perkins Endowment at Middlebury College FX DPW acknowledges and thanks the Llewellyn and Ruth Perkins Endowment at Middlebury College for the funds to support his work in Jamaica. Ray Coish at Middlebury College is thanked for his help in preparing the various geochemical diagrams and with data interpretation. Michigan Madourie is thanked for his assistance in the field. The authors thank Associate Editor Sarah Penniston-Dorland and reviewers Virginia Sisson and Terry Spell for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 600 EP 614 DI 10.1130/B30704.1 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO2YC UT WOS:000341192900021 ER PT J AU Brand, WA Coplen, TB Vogl, J Rosner, M Prohaska, T AF Brand, Willi A. Coplen, Tyler B. Vogl, Jochen Rosner, Martin Prohaska, Thomas TI Assessment of international reference materials for isotope-ratio analysis (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS) CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2013 CL CO DE delta notation; delta values; geochemistry; inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry; isotopes; IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division; mass spectrometry; reference materials ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MC-ICP-MS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLE-COLLECTOR ICPMS; GEOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; N-15 ABUNDANCE MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC REFERENCE MATERIALS; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; ROCK REFERENCE MATERIALS; BROMINE STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Since the early 1950s, the number of international measurement standards for anchoring stable isotope delta scales has mushroomed from 3 to more than 30, expanding to more than 25 chemical elements. With the development of new instrumentation, along with new and improved measurement procedures for studying naturally occurring isotopic abundance variations in natural and technical samples, the number of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials with a specified delta value has blossomed in the last six decades to more than 150 materials. More than half of these isotopic reference materials were produced for isotope-delta measurements of seven elements: H, Li, B, C, N, O, and S. The number of isotopic reference materials for other, heavier elements has grown considerably over the last decade. Nevertheless, even primary international measurement standards for isotope-delta measurements are still needed for some elements, including Mg, Fe, Te, Sb, Mo, and Ge. It is recommended that authors publish the delta values of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials that were used for anchoring their measurement results to the respective primary stable isotope scale. C1 [Brand, Willi A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Vogl, Jochen] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Berlin, Germany. [Rosner, Martin] IsoAnal UG, Berlin, Germany. [Prohaska, Thomas] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Tulln, Austria. RP Brand, WA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM wbrand@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Vogl, Jochen/A-5960-2009; Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009; Shrestha, Yesha/N-8890-2014 NR 321 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 14 U2 72 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 86 IS 3 BP 425 EP 467 DI 10.1515/pac-2013-1023 PG 43 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AM5BT UT WOS:000339871300019 ER PT J AU Hayn, M Howarth, R Marino, R Ganju, N Berg, P Foreman, KH Giblin, AE McGlathery, K AF Hayn, Melanie Howarth, Robert Marino, Roxanne Ganju, Neil Berg, Peter Foreman, Kenneth H. Giblin, Anne E. McGlathery, Karen TI Exchange of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Between a Shallow Lagoon and Coastal Waters SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen limitation; Nutrient limitation; Eutrophication; Coastal eutrophication; Nitrogen budget; Phosphorus budget; Nutrient budget ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; NUTRIENT; ESTUARIES; LIMITATION; TRANSPORT; INPUTS; PLANTS; OCEAN; LAND AB West Falmouth Harbor, a shallow lagoon on Cape Cod, has experienced a threefold increase in nitrogen load since the mid-to late 1990s due to input from a groundwater plume contaminated by a municipal wastewater treatment plant. We measured the exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus between the harbor and the coastal waters of Buzzards Bay over several years when the harbor was experiencing this elevated nitrogen load. During summer months, the harbor not only retained the entire watershed nitrogen load but also had a net import of nitrogen from Buzzards Bay. During the spring and fall, the harbor had a net export of nitrogen to Buzzards Bay. We did not measure the export in winter, but assuming the winter net export was less than 112 % of the load, the harbor exported less than half of the watershed nitrogen load on an annual basis. For phosphorus, the harbor had a net import from coastal waters in the spring and summer months and a net export in the fall. Despite the large increase in nitrogen load to the harbor, the summertime import of phosphorus from Buzzards Bay was sufficient to maintain nitrogen limitation of primary productivity during the summer. Our findings illustrate that shallow systems dominated by benthic producers have the potential to retain large terrestrial nitrogen loads when there is sufficient supply of phosphorus from exchange with coastal waters. C1 [Hayn, Melanie; Howarth, Robert; Marino, Roxanne] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hayn, Melanie; Howarth, Robert; Foreman, Kenneth H.; Giblin, Anne E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ganju, Neil] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Berg, Peter; McGlathery, Karen] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Hayn, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mkh23@cornell.edu RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178; Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU Biocomplexity Program of the National Science Foundation; Woods Hole SeaGrant Program FX Primary funding was provided by the Biocomplexity Program of the National Science Foundation. Additional support came from the Woods Hole SeaGrant Program and from an endowment given by David R. Atkinson to Cornell University. We thank Pat Sullivan and Chris Sherwood for helpful discussions and advice. Thanks to Eli Perrone for assistance with bathymetric mapping and CR Environmental, Inc. for their expertise and use of their surveying equipment and software. We appreciate the assistance provided in the lab and field by Jane Tucker, Clara Funk, Laura Keeling, Sam Kelsey, Jeff Walker, Marina Molodovskaya, and Neil Bettez. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S63 EP S73 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9699-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL5KF UT WOS:000339171800006 ER PT J AU Barbknecht, M Sepsenwol, S Leis, E Tuttle-Lau, M Gaikowski, M Knowles, NJ Lasee, B Hoffman, MA AF Barbknecht, Marisa Sepsenwol, Sol Leis, Eric Tuttle-Lau, Maren Gaikowski, Mark Knowles, Nick J. Lasee, Becky Hoffman, Michael A. TI Characterization of a new picornavirus isolated from the freshwater fish Lepomis macrochirus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-VIRUS TYPE-1; INTERNAL INITIATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ENTRY SITE; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSLATION; PROTEIN; GENUS; SEQUENCE; ELEMENTS AB The freshwater fish Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) is common to North American waters, and important both ecologically and as a sport fish. In 2001 an unknown virus was isolated from bluegills following a bluegill fish kill. This virus was identified as a picornavirus [termed bluegill picornavirus (BGPV)] and a diagnostic reverse transcriptase PCR was developed. A survey of bluegills in Wisconsin waters showed the presence of BGPV in 5 of 17 waters sampled, suggesting the virus is widespread in bluegill populations. Experimental infections of bluegills confirmed that BGPV can cause morbidity and mortality in bluegills. Molecular characterization of BGPV revealed several distinct genome characteristics, the most unusual of which is the presence of a short poly(C) tract in the 3' UTR. Additionally, the genome encodes a polyprotein lacking a leader peptide and a VP0 maturation cleavage site, and is predicted to encode two distinct 2A proteins. Sequence comparison showed that the virus is most closely related to a phylogenetic cluster of picornaviruses that includes the genera Aquamavirus, Avihepatovirus and Parechovirus. However, it is distinct enough, for example sharing only about 38% sequence identity to the parechoviruses in the 3D region, that it may represent a new genus in the family Picornaviridae. C1 [Barbknecht, Marisa; Hoffman, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Sepsenwol, Sol] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Leis, Eric; Tuttle-Lau, Maren; Lasee, Becky] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. [Gaikowski, Mark] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Knowles, Nick J.] Pirbright Inst, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. RP Hoffman, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM mhoffman@uwlax.edu RI Institute, Pirbright/K-4476-2014; OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK; UW-La Crosse Research, Service and Educational Leadership grant FX We thank John Whitney (La Crosse Fish Health Center) for his initial observation of CPEs from BGPV, Roland Zell (Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany) for the sequences of eel and carp picornaviruses prior to publication, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for providing fish samples for the BGPV survey, and Sarah Leis (La Crosse Fish Health Center) for technical support. N. J. K. is partially supported by core funding provided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK. This work was also supported by a UW-La Crosse Research, Service and Educational Leadership grant to M. B. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1099/vir.0.061960-0 PN 3 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA AK1LV UT WOS:000338177500009 PM 24337169 ER PT J AU Gomes, MGM Lipsitch, M Wargo, AR Kurath, G Rebelo, C Medley, GF Coutinho, A AF Gomes, M. Gabriela M. Lipsitch, Marc Wargo, Andrew R. Kurath, Gael Rebelo, Carlota Medley, Graham F. Coutinho, Antonio TI A Missing Dimension in Measures of Vaccination Impacts SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIVITY-DILUTION CURVE; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; HOST HETEROGENEITY; EFFICACY; TESTS C1 [Gomes, M. Gabriela M.; Coutinho, Antonio] Inst Gulbenkian Ciencias, Oeiras, Portugal. [Lipsitch, Marc] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Communicable Dis Dynam, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wargo, Andrew R.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Rebelo, Carlota] Fac Ciencias Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. [Rebelo, Carlota] Ctr Matemat & Aplicacoes Fundamentais, Lisbon, Portugal. [Medley, Graham F.] Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Medley, Graham F.] Univ Warwick, WIDER, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Gomes, MGM (reprint author), Inst Gulbenkian Ciencias, Oeiras, Portugal. EM ggomes@igc.gulbenkian.pt RI Medley, Graham/B-7289-2008; Gomes, Gabriela/H-7218-2014; Rebelo, Carlota/M-2582-2015; OI Medley, Graham/0000-0002-0030-7278; Gomes, Gabriela/0000-0002-1454-4979; Rebelo, Carlota/0000-0001-5818-8892; Coutinho, Antonio/0000-0002-0857-9227 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U54GM088558, U54 GM088558] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 10 IS 3 AR e1003849 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA AJ2FF UT WOS:000337470300002 PM 24603721 ER PT J AU Welsh, SA Jerry, DR Burrows, DW AF Welsh, Stuart A. Jerry, Dean R. Burrows, Damien W. TI A New Species of Freshwater Eel-tailed Catfish of the Genus Tandanus (Teleostei: Plotosidae) from the Wet Tropics Region of Eastern Australia SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ELECTROPHORETIC EVIDENCE AB Tandanus tropicanus, new species, is described based on specimens from streams in the wet tropics region of northeast Queensland. Previously, two species were recognized in the genus Tandanus: T. tandanus of eastern Australia and T. bostocki of Western Australia. A combination of meristic and morphometric characters distinguishes the new species from all congeners. Further, taxonomic distinctness based on morphologic differences between the new species and all congeners is corroborated by genetic analyses. C1 [Welsh, Stuart A.] US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Jerry, Dean R.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Jerry, Dean R.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Jerry, Dean R.; Burrows, Damien W.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res TropWATER, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Welsh, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, West Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM swelsh@wvu.edu; dean.jerry@jcu.edu.au; damien.burrows@jcu.edu.au RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Manager, MEEL/C-4732-2015 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR PY 2014 IS 1 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1643/CI-13-067 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AI9PS UT WOS:000337265700017 ER PT J AU Cappelle, J Zhao, DL Gilbert, M Nelson, MI Newman, SH Takekawa, JY Gaidet, N Prosser, DJ Liu, Y Li, P Shu, YL Xiao, XM AF Cappelle, Julien Zhao, Delong Gilbert, Marius Nelson, Martha I. Newman, Scott H. Takekawa, John Y. Gaidet, Nicolas Prosser, Diann J. Liu, Ying Li, Peng Shu, Yuelong Xiao, Xiangming TI Risks of Avian Influenza Transmission in Areas of Intensive Free-Ranging Duck Production with Wild Waterfowl SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; wild birds; migration; interface; contact; ecology; epidemiology; China; Poyang; telemetry; remote sensing; GPS ID DOMESTIC DUCKS; H5N1 OUTBREAKS; POYANG LAKE; CLADE 2.3.2; VIRUS H5N1; A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SOUTHERN CHINA; BIRDS AB For decades, southern China has been considered to be an important source for emerging influenza viruses since key hosts live together in high densities in areas with intensive agriculture. However, the underlying conditions of emergence and spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) have not been studied in detail, particularly the complex spatiotemporal interplay of viral transmission between wild and domestic ducks, two major actors of AIV epidemiology. In this synthesis, we examine the risks of avian influenza spread in Poyang Lake, an area of intensive free-ranging duck production and large numbers of wild waterfowl. Our synthesis shows that farming of free-grazing domestic ducks is intensive in this area and synchronized with wild duck migration. The presence of juvenile domestic ducks in harvested paddy fields prior to the arrival and departure of migrant ducks in the same fields may amplify the risk of AIV circulation and facilitate the transmission between wild and domestic populations. We provide evidence associating wild ducks migration with the spread of H5N1 in the spring of 2008 from southern China to South Korea, Russia, and Japan, supported by documented wild duck movements and phylogenetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sequences. We suggest that prevention measures based on a modification of agricultural practices may be implemented in these areas to reduce the intensity of AIV transmission between wild and domestic ducks. This would require involving all local stakeholders to discuss feasible and acceptable solutions. C1 [Cappelle, Julien; Gaidet, Nicolas] CIRAD ES, UR AGIRs, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Cappelle, Julien; Zhao, Delong; Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cappelle, Julien] Inst Pasteur Cambodge, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Nelson, Martha I.] NIH, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Newman, Scott H.] Vietnam Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis ECTAD Progra, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA USA. [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, Ying; Li, Peng] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Environm, Nanchang, Peoples R China. [Li, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shu, Yuelong] China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Cappelle, J (reprint author), CIRAD ES, UR AGIRs, TA C 22-E,Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM julien.cappelle@cirad.fr RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013; OI Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799 FU National Institutes of Health [NIH 1R01AI101028-01A1]; NIH Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program [R01-TW007869]; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Public Health Program [NNX11AF66G]; Gripavi project - French Ministry of Foreign Affairs FX This study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1R01AI101028-01A1), a grant from the NIH Fogarty International Center (R01-TW007869) through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases program, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the U.S. Geological Survey, and a grant from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Public Health Program (NNX11AF66G). Julien Cappelle was supported by the Gripavi project funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We thank Martine Duportal for her help in designing the figures and Isa Woo with editorial assistance. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10393-014-0914-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AI7MP UT WOS:000337076000013 PM 24652313 ER PT J AU Anderson, ED Zhou, W Li, YG Hitzman, MW Monecke, T Lang, JR Kelley, KD AF Anderson, Eric D. Zhou, Wei Li, Yaoguo Hitzman, Murray W. Monecke, Thomas Lang, James R. Kelley, Karen D. TI Three-dimensional distribution of igneous rocks near the Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska: Constraints from regional-scale aeromagnetic data SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; EVOLUTION AB Aeromagnetic data helped us to understand the 3D distribution of plutonic rocks near the Pebble porphyry copper deposit in southwestern Alaska, USA. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that rocks in the Pebble district are more magnetic than rocks of comparable compositions in the Pike Creek-Stuyahok Hills volcano-plutonic complex. The reduced- to-pole transformation of the aeromagnetic data demonstrated that the older rocks in the Pebble district produce strong magnetic anomaly highs. The tilt derivative transformation highlighted northeast-trending lineaments attributed to Tertiary volcanic rocks. Multiscale edge detection delineated near-surface magnetic sources that are mostly outward dipping and coalesce at depth in the Pebble district. The total horizontal gradient of the 10-km upward-continued magnetic data showed an oval, deep magnetic contact along which porphyry deposits occur. Forward and inverse magnetic modeling showed that the magnetic rocks in the Pebble district extend to depths greater than 9 km. Magnetic inversion was constrained by a nearsurface, 3D geologic model that is attributed with measured magnetic susceptibilities from various rock types in the region. The inversion results indicated that several near-surface magnetic sources with moderate susceptibilities converge with depth into magnetic bodies with higher susceptibilities. This deep magnetic source appeared to rise toward the surface in several areas. An isosurface value of 0.02 SI was used to depict the magnetic contact between outcropping granodiorite and nonmagnetic sedimentary host rocks. The contact was shown to be outward dipping. At depths around 5 km, nearly the entire model exceeded the isosurface value indicating the limits of nonmagnetic host material. The inversion results showed the presence of a relatively deep, northeast-trending magnetic low that parallels lineaments mapped by the tilt derivative. This deep low represents a strand of the Lake Clark fault. C1 [Anderson, Eric D.; Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Anderson, Eric D.; Zhou, Wei; Hitzman, Murray W.; Monecke, Thomas] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Li, Yaoguo] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lang, James R.] Hunter Dickinson Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Anderson, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ericanderson@usgs.gov; wzhou@mines.edu; ygli@mines.edu; mhitzman@mines.edu; tmonecke@mines.edu; langgeoscienceinc@hotmail.com; kdkelley@usgs.gov FU Concealed Deposits Project FX The Pebble Limited Partnership is thanked for providing data and logistical support. An early version of this manuscript received valuable input from P. Jensen. M. Nabighian is thanked for his assistance with geophysical data processing and reviews of the manuscript. We thank the anonymous reviewers and T. Grauch for thoughtful reviews that led to an improved manuscript. This work was funded by the Concealed Deposits Project carried out by the Mineral Resource Program at the U. S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 79 IS 2 BP B63 EP B79 DI 10.1190/GEO2013-0326.1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI5OO UT WOS:000336918700005 ER PT J AU Curto, JB Vidotti, RM Fuck, RA Blakely, RJ Alvarenga, CJS Dantas, EL AF Curto, Julia B. Vidotti, Roberta M. Fuck, Reinhardt A. Blakely, Richard J. Alvarenga, Carlos J. S. Dantas, Elton L. TI The tectonic evolution of the Transbrasiliano Lineament in northern Parana Basin, Brazil, as inferred from aeromagnetic data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NEOPROTEROZOIC CRUSTAL ACCRETION; SOUTH-AMERICAN PLATFORM; BORBOREMA PROVINCE; WESTERN GONDWANA; CLYMENE OCEAN; NE BRAZIL; RODINIA; CRATON; BELT; TOMOGRAPHY AB Data from six airborne magnetic surveys were compiled and analyzed to develop a structural interpretation for the Transbrasiliano Lineament in northern Parana Basin, Brazil. Magnetic lineaments, interpreted to reflect geologic contacts and structures at different depths, were illuminated using the matched-filter technique applied to aeromagnetic anomalies. Field-based structural measurements generally support our magnetic analysis. We estimated three primary magnetic zones: (i) a zone of deep magnetic sources at 20 km depth, (ii) an intermediate basement zone at 6 km depth, and (iii) a shallow zone of near-surface geological features at 1.5 km depth. The deepest zone exhibits three major NE trending crustal discontinuities related to the Transbrasiliano Lineament, dividing the region into four geotectonic blocks. Anomalies associated with the intermediate zone indicate directional divergence of subsidiary structures away from the main Transbrasiliano Fault, which strikes N30 degrees E. The shallow magnetic zone includes near-surface post-Brasiliano orogenic granites. Our analysis identified NE trending sigmoidal lineaments around these intrusions, indicating intense zones of deformation associated with probable shear structures. At the shallow depth zone, magnetic anomalies caused by Cretaceous alkaline intrusive bodies and basalts of the Serra Geral Formation are enhanced by the matched-filter method. These igneous bodies are related to extensional NW striking lineaments and seismicity aligned along these lineaments suggests that they currently are reactivated. Prior to flexural subsidence of the Parana Basin, reactivation processes along transcurrent elements of the Transbrasiliano Lineament promoted extensional processes and formed initial Parana Basin depocenters. Cretaceous and more recent sedimentation also correlate with reactivations of NE striking structures. C1 [Curto, Julia B.; Vidotti, Roberta M.; Fuck, Reinhardt A.; Alvarenga, Carlos J. S.; Dantas, Elton L.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Blakely, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Curto, JB (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM julia.curto@gmail.com RI Vidotti, Roberta/O-8019-2014 OI Vidotti, Roberta/0000-0003-1951-3431 FU FUB/Petrobrs [0050.0053151.09.9]; CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) FX We are grateful for the sponsorship of FUB/Petrobrs under cooperation term 0050.0053151.09.9; and to CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) for the grants to J.B.C., R. A. F., C.J.S.A., and E. L. D. We also thank ANP (Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis), CPRM (Servico Geologico do Brasil), CNEN (Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear), and SGM / SIC-GO (Secretaria de Industria e Comercio do Estado de Goias) for providing access to geophysical data for academic purposes; GEOSOFT for providing the software Oasis Montaj 8.1; ESRI for providing the tool package ArcGis 10 under the contract 2011 MLK 8733; IMAGEM for making possible the agreement between IG-UnB and ESRI; the Laboratory of Remote Sensing and the Laboratory of Applied Geophysics of the IG-UnB (Instituto de Geociencias da Universidade de Brasilia) for the use of their facilities. Our paper was greatly improved by constructive comments from Dan Scheirer, Walter Medeiros, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1544 EP 1562 DI 10.1002/2013JB010593 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700002 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Sohn, RA Luttrell, K Manga, M AF Hurwitz, Shaul Sohn, Robert A. Luttrell, Karen Manga, Michael TI Triggering and modulation of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park by earthquakes, earth tides, and weather SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER; DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BAROMETRIC-PRESSURE; TECTONIC STRESSES; TIDAL FORCES; DISTANT EARTHQUAKES; TELESEISMIC WAVES; SEISMICITY AB We analyze intervals between eruptions (IBEs) data acquired between 2001 and 2011 at Daisy and Old Faithful geysers in Yellowstone National Park. We focus our statistical analysis on the response of these geysers to stress perturbations from within the solid earth (earthquakes and earth tides) and from weather (air pressure and temperature, precipitation, and wind). We conclude that (1) the IBEs of these geysers are insensitive to periodic stresses induced by solid earth tides and barometric pressure variations; (2) Daisy (pool geyser) IBEs lengthen by evaporation and heat loss in response to large wind storms and cold air; and (3) Old Faithful (cone geyser) IBEs are not modulated by air temperature and pressure variations, wind, and precipitation, suggesting that the subsurface water column is decoupled from the atmosphere. Dynamic stress changes of 0.1-0.2 MPa resulting from the 2002M-7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake surface waves caused a statistically significant shortening of Daisy geyser's IBEs. Stresses induced by other large global earthquakes during the study period were at least an order of magnitude smaller. In contrast, dynamic stresses of >0.5 MPa from three large regional earthquakes in 1959, 1975, and 1983 caused lengthening of Old Faithful's IBEs. We infer that most subannual geyser IBE variability is dominated by internal processes and interaction with other geysers. The results of this study provide quantitative bounds on the sensitivity of hydrothermal systems to external stress perturbations and have implications for studying the triggering and modulation of volcanic eruptions by external forces. C1 [Hurwitz, Shaul; Luttrell, Karen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sohn, Robert A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Luttrell, Karen] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hurwitz, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov RI Luttrell, Karen/D-6772-2015; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program; NSF [EAR1114184] FX We are grateful to Ralph Taylor and the Geyser Observation Society of America (GOSA) for developing and maintaining the geyser monitoring systems in Yellowstone National Park and for making the data available. Fred Murphy helped with the compilation of the weather data. K. Luttrell and S. Hurwitz were supported by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and Michael Manga was supported by NSF grant EAR1114184. Constructive comments and reviews by Alexander Belousov, Wu-Lung Chang, Bob Fournier, Malcolm Johnston, and Mike Poland helped improve the quality of this paper. NR 109 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1718 EP 1737 DI 10.1002/2013JB010803 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700011 ER PT J AU Sumy, DF Cochran, ES Keranen, KM Wei, M Abers, GA AF Sumy, Danielle F. Cochran, Elizabeth S. Keranen, Katie M. Wei, Maya Abers, Geoffrey A. TI Observations of static Coulomb stress triggering of the November 2011 M5.7 Oklahoma earthquake sequence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; FOCAL MECHANISMS; INDUCED SEISMICITY; FLUID PRESSURE; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; AFTERSHOCKS; INJECTION; DEFORMATION; MAGNITUDE AB In November 2011, a M5.0 earthquake occurred less than a day before a M5.7 earthquake near Prague, Oklahoma, which may have promoted failure of the mainshock and thousands of aftershocks along the Wilzetta fault, including a M5.0 aftershock. The M5.0 foreshock occurred in close proximity to active fluid injection wells; fluid injection can cause a buildup of pore fluid pressure, decrease the fault strength, and may induce earthquakes. Keranen et al. [2013] links the M5.0 foreshock with fluid injection, but the relationship between the foreshock and successive events has not been investigated. Here we examine the role of coseismic Coulomb stress transfer on earthquakes that follow the M5.0 foreshock, including the M5.7 mainshock. We resolve the static Coulomb stress change onto the focal mechanism nodal plane that is most consistent with the rupture geometry of the three M >= 5.0 earthquakes, as well as specified receiver fault planes that reflect the regional stress orientation. We find that Coulomb stress is increased, e. g., fault failure is promoted, on the nodal planes of similar to 60% of the events that have focal mechanism solutions, and more specifically, that the M5.0 foreshock promoted failure on the rupture plane of the M5.7 mainshock. We test our results over a range of effective coefficient of friction values. Hence, we argue that the M5.0 foreshock, induced by fluid injection, potentially triggered a cascading failure of earthquakes along the complex Wilzetta fault system. C1 [Sumy, Danielle F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Sci Fdn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Cochran, Elizabeth S.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Keranen, Katie M.] Univ Oklahoma, ConocoPhillips Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wei, Maya] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Abers, Geoffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Sumy, DF (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Induced Seism Consortium, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM dfsumy@gps.caltech.edu FU The University of Oklahoma; U.S. Geological Survey; NSF [EAR-PF-1049609]; IRIS Summer Internship Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, and the University of Oklahoma provided personnel to assist with field installations. The University of Oklahoma and U.S. Geological Survey funded field acquisition costs. The PASSCAL instrument center and U.S. Geological Survey provided RAMP instruments and logistical support. We gratefully acknowledge the discussions with H. Meighan and the reviews provided by J. Hardebeck, T. Parsons, D. Kilb, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding provided by NSF EAR-PF-1049609 (D. F. Sumy), and the IRIS Summer Internship Program (M. Wei) supported this research. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1904 EP 1923 DI 10.1002/2013JB010612 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700021 ER PT J AU Hotovec-Ellis, AJ Gomberg, J Vidale, JE Creager, KC AF Hotovec-Ellis, A. J. Gomberg, J. Vidale, J. E. Creager, K. C. TI A continuous record of intereruption velocity change at Mount St. Helens from coda wave interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMIC VELOCITY; REPEATING EARTHQUAKES; GROUND DEFORMATION; TRAVEL-TIME; VOLCANO; CALIFORNIA; ERUPTIONS; PARKFIELD; MODELS AB In September 2004, Mount St. Helens volcano erupted after nearly 18 years of quiescence. However, it is unclear from the limited geophysical observations when or if the magma chamber replenished following the 1980-1986 eruptions in the years before the 2004-2008 extrusive eruption. We use coda wave interferometry with repeating earthquakes to measure small changes in the velocity structure of Mount St. Helens volcano that might indicate magmatic intrusion. By combining observations of relative velocity changes from many closely located earthquake sources, we solve for a continuous function of velocity changes with time. We find that seasonal effects dominate the relative velocity changes. Seismicity rates and repeating earthquake occurrence also vary seasonally; therefore, velocity changes and seismicity are likely modulated by snow loading, fluid saturation, and/or changes in groundwater level. We estimate hydrologic effects impart stress changes on the order of tens of kilopascals within the upper 4 km, resulting in annual velocity variations of 0.5 to 1%. The largest nonseasonal change is a decrease in velocity at the time of the deep M-w = 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. We find no systematic velocity changes during the most likely times of intrusions, consistent with a lack of observable surface deformation. We conclude that if replenishing intrusions occurred, they did not alter seismic velocities where this technique is sensitive due to either their small size or the finite compressibility of the magma chamber. We interpret the observed velocity changes and shallow seasonal seismicity as a response to small stress changes in a shallow, pressurized system. C1 [Hotovec-Ellis, A. J.; Vidale, J. E.; Creager, K. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gomberg, J.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hotovec-Ellis, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ahotovec@u.washington.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205 NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 2199 EP 2214 DI 10.1002/2013JB010742 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700037 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP Moran, SC AF Denlinger, Roger P. Moran, Seth C. TI Volcanic tremor masks its seismogenic source: Results from a study of noneruptive tremor recorded at Mount St. Helens, Washington SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; PROPAGATION; MONTSERRAT; MECHANISM; WAVES; MODES; FAULT AB On 2 October 2004, a significant noneruptive tremor episode occurred during the buildup to the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Washington). This episode was remarkable both because no explosion followed, and because seismicity abruptly stopped following the episode. This sequence motivated us to consider a model for volcanic tremor that does not involve energetic gas release from magma but does involve movement of conduit magma through extension on its way toward the surface. We found that the tremor signal was composed entirely of Love and Rayleigh waves and that its spectral bandwidth increased and decreased with signal amplitude, with broader bandwidth signals containing both higher and lower frequencies. Our modeling results demonstrate that the forces giving rise to this tremor were largely normal to conduit walls, generating hybrid head waves along conduit walls that are coupled to internally reflected waves. Together these form a crucial part of conduit resonance, giving tremor wavefields that are largely a function of waveguide geometry and velocity. We find that the mechanism of tremor generation fundamentally masks the nature of the seismogenic source giving rise to resonance. Thus multiple models can be invoked to explain volcanic tremor, requiring that information from other sources (such as visual observations, geodesy, geology, and gas geochemistry) be used to constrain source models. With concurrent GPS and field data supporting rapid rise of magma, we infer that tremor resulted from drag of nearly solid magma along rough conduit walls as magma was forced toward the surface. C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.] Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Moran, Seth C.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 2230 EP 2251 DI 10.1002/2013JB010698 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4OM UT WOS:000336844700039 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Baker, JM Bernacchi, CJ Billesbach, DP Burba, GG Castro, S Chen, J Eugster, W Fischer, ML Gamon, JA Gebremedhin, MT Glenn, AJ GriffiS, TJ Hatfield, JL Heuer, MW Howard, DM Leclerc, MY Loescher, HW Marloie, O Meyers, TP Olioso, A Phillips, RL Prueger, JH Skinner, RH Suyker, AE Tenuta, M Wylie, BK AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Baker, John M. Bernacchi, Carl J. Billesbach, David P. Burba, George G. Castro, Saulo Chen, Jiquan Eugster, Werner Fischer, Marc L. Gamon, John A. Gebremedhin, Maheteme T. Glenn, Aaron J. Griffis, Timothy J. Hatfield, Jerry L. Heuer, Mark W. Howard, Daniel M. Leclerc, Monique Y. Loescher, Henry W. Marloie, Oliver Meyers, Tilden P. Olioso, Albert Phillips, Rebecca L. Prueger, John H. Skinner, R. Howard Suyker, Andrew E. Tenuta, Mario Wylie, Bruce K. TI Productivity and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Leguminous Crops: Estimates from Flux Tower Measurements SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; EDDY COVARIANCE; SOYBEAN CANOPY; ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FLUX; RESPIRATION AB Net CO2 exchange data of legume crops at 17 flux tower sites in North America and three sites in Europe representing 29 site-years of measurements were partitioned into gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration by using the nonrectangular hyperbolic light-response function method. The analyses produced net CO2 exchange data and new ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameter estimates for legume crops determined at diurnal and weekly time steps. Dynamics and annual totals of gross photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production were calculated by gap filling with multivariate nonlinear regression. Comparison with the data from grain crops obtained with the same method demonstrated that CO2 exchange rates and ecophysiological parameters of legumes were lower than those of maize (Zea mays L.) but higher than for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. Year-round annual legume crops demonstrated a broad range of net ecosystem production, from sinks of 760 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) to sources of -2100 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1), with an average of -330 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1), indicating overall moderate CO2-source activity related to a shorter period of photosynthetic uptake and metabolic costs of N-2 fixation. Perennial legumes (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) were strong sinks for atmospheric CO2, with an average net ecosystem production of 980 (range 550-1200) g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1). C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burba, George G.] LI COR Biosci, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Castro, Saulo; Gamon, John A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Castro, Saulo; Gamon, John A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Eugster, Werner] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gebremedhin, Maheteme T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Syst Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gebremedhin, Maheteme T.] Alliance Inc, Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Glenn, Aaron J.] Agr & Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Griffis, Timothy J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, CoDGS Land & Atmospher Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.; Prueger, John H.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Leclerc, Monique Y.] Univ Georgia, Lab Environm Phys, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Marloie, Oliver] INRA, URFM UR 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Olioso, Albert] INRA, EMMAH UMR1114, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Phillips, Rebecca L.] Massey Univ, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Skinner, R. Howard] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM grc1997@me.com RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Eugster, Werner/E-5116-2010; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065; Eugster, Werner/0000-0001-6067-0741; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USDOE, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CarboEuropeIP; Fluxnet-Canada; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; iCORE (Alberta Innovates Technology Futures); USGS Land Change Science Program; USDA-ARS; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; CARBOFRANCE project funded by the European FP7 Program [GOCECT-2003-505572]; French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme); USDOE, Office of Science [DE-FCO2-07ER64494]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-ACO5-76RL01830]; Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-ACO5-76RL01830]; NSF LTER Program [DEB 1027253]; MSU AgBioResearch FX This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (USDOE, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911]), CarboEuropeIP, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), Canadian Foundation for Innovation, iCORE (Alberta Innovates Technology Futures) and NSERC. The USGS Land Change Science Program funded flux partitioning and analysis as well as remote sensing components of the work. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by the USDA-ARS, CarboEuropeIP, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the USDOE and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Lab., Univ. of California-Berkeley, CARBOEUROPE-IP and the CARBOFRANCE project funded by the European FP7 Program (GOCECT-2003-505572) and the French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme). Financial support was also provided by the USDOE, Office of Science (DE-FCO2-07ER64494) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-ACO5-76RL01830), the NSF LTER Program (DEB 1027253), and MSU AgBioResearch. The data for the southeastern plains was provided by the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station. Henry W. Loescher acknowledges the NSF (EF-102980) for their ongoing support. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/); opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the other support agencies. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.2134/agronj2013.0270 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AH3SM UT WOS:000336045700024 ER PT J AU MacVean, LJ Lacy, JR AF MacVean, Lissa J. Lacy, Jessica R. TI Interactions between waves, sediment, and turbulence on a shallow estuarine mudflat SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE wind waves; estuarine mudflat; sediment-induced stratification; Stokes drift; surface wind stress ID BOTTOM SHEAR-STRESS; TIDAL FLAT SHAPE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SURFACE-LAYER; HYDRODYNAMICS; PARAMETERS; VELOCITY; MOTIONS; COAST; WIND AB Measurements were collected on a shallow estuarine mudflat in northern San Francisco Bay to examine the physical processes controlling waves, turbulence, sediment resuspension, and their interactions. Tides alone forced weak to moderate currents of 10-30 cm s(-1) in depths of 0-3 m, and maintained a background suspension of 30-50 mg L-1 of fine sediment. In the presence of wind waves, bottom orbital velocities spanned 20-30 cm s(-1), suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) at 15 and 30 cm above the bed (cmab) increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and vertical gradients in SSC were strong enough to produce turbulence-limiting stratification, with gradient Richardson numbers exceeding 0.25. Simultaneously, turbulent stresses (decomposed from wave motions) increased by an order of magnitude. The apparent contradiction of energetic turbulence in the presence of strong stratification was reconciled by considering the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget: in general, dissipation and buoyancy flux were balanced by local shear production, and each of these terms increased during wave events. The classic wave-current boundary layer model represented the observations qualitatively, but not quantitatively since the velocity profile could not be approximated as logarithmic. Rather, the mean shear was elevated by the Stokes drift return flow and wind-generated surface stress, which diffused sediment upward and limited stratification. Our findings highlight a pathway for waves to supply energy to both the production and destruction of turbulence, and demonstrate that in such shallow depths, TKE and SSC can be elevated over more of the water column than predicted by traditional models. Key Points Observations of flow and sediment were collected on an estuarine mudflat Waves led to stratification by sediment and increased shear production of TKE Wave-enhanced turbulence mixed sediment high into the water column C1 [MacVean, Lissa J.; Lacy, Jessica R.] USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP MacVean, LJ (reprint author), USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lmacvean@usgs.gov FU USGS FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship program, as well as thoughtful feedback from Mark Stacey and two anonymous reviewers, whose insights significantly strengthened this manuscript. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1534 EP 1553 DI 10.1002/2013JC009477 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE2PT UT WOS:000333816100002 ER PT J AU Kalkan, E Kwong, NS AF Kalkan, Erol Kwong, Neal S. TI Pros and Cons of Rotating Ground Motion Records to Fault-Normal/Parallel Directions for Response History Analysis of Buildings SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ground motion; History; Buildings; Rotation; Standards and codes; Near-fault ground motion; Directivity; Response history analysis; Seismic effects ID ANGLE; DEMAND; ENERGY AB According to the regulatory building codes in the United States (e.g.,2010 California Building Code), at least two horizontal ground motion components are required for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5km of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately (when FN and then FP are aligned with the transverse direction of the structural axes). It is assumed that this approach will lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. This assumption is examined here, for the first time, using a 3D computer model of a six-story reinforced-concrete instrumented building subjected to an ensemble of bidirectional near-fault ground motions. Peak values of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) were computed for rotation angles ranging from 0 through 180 degrees to quantify the difference between peak values of EDPs over all rotation angles and those due to FN/FP direction rotated motions. It is demonstrated that rotating ground motions to FN/FP directions (1)does not always lead to the maximum responses over all angles, (2)does not always envelope the range of possible responses, and (3)does not provide maximum responses for all EDPs simultaneously even if it provides a maximum response for a specific EDP. C1 [Kalkan, Erol] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kwong, Neal S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; nealsimonkwong@berkeley.edu FU USGS FX Neal S. Kwong would like to acknowledge the USGS for providing him the financial support for conducting this research. Special thanks are extended to Rakesh Goel for generously providing the OpenSees model of the Imperial County Services building. Rui Chen, Alex Taflanidis, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos, Aysegul Askan, Ricardo Medina, and three anonymous reviewers reviewed the material presented herein and offered their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped improve the technical quality and presentation of this paper. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 3 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000845 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AC6YU UT WOS:000332673500017 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Wooller, M Peteet, DM AF Jones, Miriam C. Wooller, Matthew Peteet, Dorothy M. TI A deglacial and Holocene record of climate variability in south-central Alaska from stable oxygen isotopes and plant macrofossils in peat SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Holocene; Oxygen isotopes; Peat; Aleutian Low; Carbon ID NORTH PACIFIC; KENAI PENINSULA; INTERIOR ALASKA; YUKON-TERRITORY; WESTERN CANADA; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; LAKE; CELLULOSE; HISTORY AB We used stable oxygen isotopes derived from bulk-peat (delta O-18(TOM)), in conjunction with plant macrofossils and previously published carbon accumulation records, in a 14,500 cal yr BP peat core (HT Fen) from the Kenai lowlands in south-central Alaska to reconstruct the climate history of the area. We find that patterns are broadly consistent with those from lacustrine records across the region, and agree with the interpretation that major shifts in delta O-18(TOM) values indicate changes in strength and position of the Aleutian Low (AL), a semi-permanent low-pressure cell that delivers winter moisture to the region. We find decreased strength or a more westerly position of the AL (relatively higher delta O-18(TOM) values) during the Bolling-Allerod, Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), and late Holocene, which also correspond to warmer climate regimes. These intervals coincide with greater peat preservation and enhanced carbon (C) accumulation rates at the HT Fen and with peatland expansion across Alaska. The HTM in particular may have experienced greater summer precipitation as a result of an enhanced Pacific subtropical high, a pattern consistent with modern delta O-18 values for summer precipitation. The combined warm summer temperatures and greater summer precipitation helped promote the observed rapid peat accumulation. A strengthened AL (relatively lower delta O-18(TOM) values) is most evident during the Younger Dryas, Neoglaciation, and the Little Ice Age, consistent with lower peat preservation and C accumulation at the HT Fen, suggesting less precipitation reaches the leeward side of the Kenai Mountains during periods of enhanced AL strength. The peatlands on the Kenai Peninsula thrive when the AL is weak and the contribution of summer precipitation is higher, highlighting the importance of precipitation seasonality in promoting peat accumulation. This study demonstrates that delta O-18(TOM) values in peat can be applied toward understand large-scale shifts in atmospheric circulation over millennial timescales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.; Wooller, Matthew] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wooller, Matthew] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Peteet, Dorothy M.] Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 20025 USA. [Peteet, Dorothy M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM miriamjones@usgs.gov OI Jones, Miriam/0000-0002-6650-7619; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU Columbia University LDEO Climate Center grant; NASA/GISS; National Science Foundation [ARC-1022979, ARC-1204233] FX This project was funded by a Columbia University LDEO Climate Center grant, NASA/GISS, and a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award #ARC-1022979). Matthew Wooller was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award #ARC-1204233). NR 84 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 87 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.025 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AH1JR UT WOS:000335876900001 ER PT J AU Brown, LA Furlong, JN Brown, KM La Peyre, MK AF Brown, Laura A. Furlong, Jessica N. Brown, Kenneth M. La Peyre, Megan K. TI Oyster Reef Restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Effect of Artificial Substrate and Age on Nekton and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Use SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complexity; habitat; oyster; refuge; restoration; structure ID HABITAT COMPLEXITY; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISHES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; PREDATORS; DIVERSITY; MORTALITY AB In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), reefs built by eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, provide critical habitat within shallow estuaries, and recent efforts have focused on restoring reefs to benefit nekton and benthic macroinvertebrates. We compared nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at historic, newly created (<5years) and old (>6years) shell and rock substrate reefs. Using crab traps, gill-nets, otter trawls, cast nets, and benthic macroinvertebrate collectors, 20 shallow reefs (<5m) in the northern GOM were sampled throughout the summer of 2011. We compared nekton and benthic assemblage abundance, diversity and composition across reef types. Except for benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, which was significantly higher on old rock reefs as compared to historic reefs, all reefs were similar to historic reefs, suggesting created reefs provide similar support of nekton and benthic assemblages as historic reefs. To determine refuge value of oyster structure for benthic macroinvertebrates compared to bare bottom, we tested preferences of juvenile crabs across depth and refuge complexity in the presence and absence of adult blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Juveniles were more likely to use deep water with predators present only when provided oyster structure. Provision of structural material to support and sustain development of benthic and mobile reef communities may be the most important factor in determining reef value to these assemblages, with biophysical characteristics related to reef location influencing assemblage patterns in areas with structure; if so, appropriately locating created reefs is critical. C1 [Brown, Laura A.; Brown, Kenneth M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Furlong, Jessica N.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Chapter of the Nature Conservancy (TNC); U.S. Geological Survey through the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey through the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF); LSU Department of Biological Sciences FX This work was supported by the Louisiana Chapter of the Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the U.S. Geological Survey through the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), as well as the LSU Department of Biological Sciences. Thanks to the National Wetlands Research Center, Stennis Space Center USGS, Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge and LDWF Grand Isle Marine Lab. Thanks to boat support provided by Darrel Anders (NWRC) and base map support by Holly Beck, and to private and public organizations that provided information on the history and location of oyster reefs throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Thanks to our field and lab assistants J. La Peyre, M. Blouin, L. Schwarting, S. Miller, A. Honig, B. Eberline, T. Otten, N. Yeldell, B. Wagner, N. Engler, M. Bogran, Z. Goodnow, and C. Duplechain. We also thank Dr. Matthew Kimball and anonymous reviewers for making comments that greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1111/rec.12071 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4CN UT WOS:000332468300005 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Kaya, SG White, L Brisco, B Roth, MF Sadinski, W Rover, J AF Gallant, Alisa L. Kaya, Shannon G. White, Lori Brisco, Brian Roth, Mark F. Sadinski, Walt Rover, Jennifer TI Detecting Emergence, Growth, and Senescence of Wetland Vegetation with Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data SO WATER LA English DT Article DE synthetic aperture radar; Radarsat-2; wetlands; wetland vegetation; wetland mapping; wetland monitoring; radar polarimetry; Freeman-Durden decomposition; change detection ID LAND-COVER; ANCILLARY DATA; WATER; ACCURACY; SURFACE; CLASSIFICATION; SPACE AB Wetlands provide ecosystem goods and services vitally important to humans. Land managers and policymakers working to conserve wetlands require regularly updated information on the statuses of wetlands across the landscape. However, wetlands are challenging to map remotely with high accuracy and consistency. We investigated the use of multitemporal polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired with Canada's Radarsat-2 system to track within-season changes in wetland vegetation and surface water. We speculated, a priori, how temporal and morphological traits of different types of wetland vegetation should respond over a growing season with respect to four energy-scattering mechanisms. We used ground-based monitoring data and other ancillary information to assess the limits and consistency of the SAR data for tracking seasonal changes in wetlands. We found the traits of different types of vertical emergent wetland vegetation were detected well with the SAR data and corresponded with our anticipated backscatter responses. We also found using data from Landsat's optical/infrared sensors in conjunction with SAR data helped remove confusion of wetland features with upland grasslands. These results suggest SAR data can provide useful monitoring information on the statuses of wetlands over time. C1 [Gallant, Alisa L.; Rover, Jennifer] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kaya, Shannon G.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [White, Lori; Brisco, Brian] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Earth Sci Sect, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. [Roth, Mark F.; Sadinski, Walt] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gallant@usgs.gov; Shannon.Kaya@ec.gc.ca; Lori.White@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; Brian.Brisco@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; mroth@usgs.gov; wsadinski@usgs.gov; jrover@usgs.gov OI Roth, Mark/0000-0001-5095-1865; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU Remote Sensing Science Program under the Earth Science Sector's Canada Centre for Remote Sensing FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at the Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge, particularly Wayne Brininger and Lowell Deede, accommodated our access to the Refuge and shared their environmental expertise. Marilee Pregitzer and Andrew Cull (both formerly at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing) assisted in preparing Radarsat-2 outputs of surface water and polarimetric decompositions. We appreciate helpful input from Jennifer Corcoran (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and three anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of this paper. The work was supported in part by the Remote Sensing Science Program under the Earth Science Sector's Canada Centre for Remote Sensing. The U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative supported participation by MFR and WS. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD MAR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 694 EP 722 DI 10.3390/w6030694 PG 29 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AH1QM UT WOS:000335896000014 ER PT J AU Kraus, JM Schmidt, TS Walters, DM Wanty, RB Zuellig, RE Wolf, RE AF Kraus, Johanna M. Schmidt, Travis S. Walters, David M. Wanty, Richard B. Zuellig, Robert E. Wolf, Ruth E. TI Cross-ecosystem impacts of stream pollution reduce resource and contaminant flux to riparian food webs SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic insects; aquatic-terrestrial linkages; Colorado Mineral Belt (USA); food web; resource subsidies; spiders; streams; trace metals ID AQUATIC INSECTS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; EMERGING INSECTS; PREY SUBSIDIES; DESERT STREAM; HEAVY-METALS; EMERGENCE; CADMIUM; COLORADO AB The effects of aquatic contaminants are propagated across ecosystem boundaries by aquatic insects that export resources and contaminants to terrestrial food webs; however, the mechanisms driving these effects are poorly understood. We examined how emergence, contaminant concentration, and total contaminant flux by adult aquatic insects changed over a gradient of bioavailable metals in streams and how these changes affected riparian web-building spiders. Insect emergence decreased 97% over the metal gradient, whereas metal concentrations in adult insects changed relatively little. As a result, total metal exported by insects (flux) was lowest at the most contaminated streams, declining 96% among sites. Spiders were affected by the decrease in prey biomass, but not by metal exposure or metal flux to land in aquatic prey. Aquatic insects are increasingly thought to increase exposure of terrestrial consumers to aquatic contaminants, but stream metals reduce contaminant flux to riparian consumers by strongly impacting the resource linkage. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the contaminant-specific effects of aquatic pollutants on adult insect emergence and contaminant accumulation in adults to predict impacts on terrestrial food webs. C1 [Kraus, Johanna M.; Wanty, Richard B.; Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Kraus, Johanna M.; Schmidt, Travis S.; Walters, David M.; Zuellig, Robert E.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80626 USA. [Schmidt, Travis S.; Zuellig, Robert E.] USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kraus, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964d, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jkraus@usgs.gov FU USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship FX This project was funded by a USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship to J. M. Kraus. We thank P. Leipzig-Scott for field and laboratory assistance, B. Cade, K. Fausch, W. Clements, and P. Cushing for advice, M. Adams and P. Lamothe for analytical assistance, and C. Stricker, J. Wesner and three anonymous reviewers for helpful editorial comments and feedback. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1890/13-0252.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700001 PM 24689137 ER PT J AU Atkinson, CL Christian, AD Spooner, DE Vaughn, CC AF Atkinson, Carla L. Christian, Alan D. Spooner, Daniel E. Vaughn, Caryn C. TI Long-lived organisms provide an integrative footprint of agricultural land use SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE baseline; bioindicator; biomonitoring; N-15; geographic information systems; NANI; nitrogen management tools; stable isotopes; unionid mussels ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; BIVALVES CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; UNIONID BIVALVES; NITROGEN-CYCLE; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-N-15; STREAMS AB Nitrogen (N) fertilizer runoff into rivers is linked to nutrient enrichment, hydrologic alteration, habitat degradation and loss, and declines in biotic integrity in streams. Nitrogen runoff from agriculture is expected to increase with population growth, so tracking these sources is vital to enhancing biomonitoring and management actions. Unionid mussels are large, long-lived, sedentary, primary consumers that transfer particulate material and nutrients from the water column to the sediments through their filter feeding. Because of these traits, mussels may provide a temporal integration of nitrogen inputs into watersheds. Our goals were to (1) establish a baseline N-15 signature for unionid mussels in watersheds not heavily influenced by agriculture for use in comparative analyses and (2) determine if mussels provide an integrative measure of N sources in watersheds with varying percentages of agriculture across large spatial scales. We compiled tissue N-15 data for 20 species of mussels from seven geographic areas, including 23 watersheds and 42 sample sites that spanned varying degrees of agricultural intensification across the eastern United States and Canada. We used GIS to determine land cover within the study basins, and we estimated net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) entering these systems. We then determined the relationship between mussel tissue N-15 and percentage of land in agriculture (%AG) and net anthropogenic N loading. The N-15 of mussel tissue could be predicted from both %AG and net anthropogenic N loading, and one component of NANI, the amount of N fertilizer applied, was strongly related to the N-15 of mussel tissue. Based on our results, mussels occupying a system not affected by agricultural land use would have a baseline N-15 signature of approximately 2.0 parts per thousand, whereas mussels in basins with heavy agriculture had N-15 signatures of 13.6 parts per thousand. Our results demonstrate that mussels integrate anthropogenic N input into rivers at a watershed scale and could be a good bioassessment tool for tracking agriculture N sources. C1 [Atkinson, Carla L.; Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Atkinson, Carla L.; Vaughn, Caryn C.] Univ Oklahoma, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Grad Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Christian, Alan D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Spooner, Daniel E.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Spooner, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Northern Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP Atkinson, CL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM carlalatkinson@gmail.com FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program; Ohio Chapter of the Nature Conservancy; USDA Ouachita National Forest; U.S. Department of Interior Buffalo National River; National Science Foundation [09-42371]; Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) FX We are especially appreciative of Tom Maddox for his assistance in the stable isotope laboratory at the University of Georgia. Jeff Kelly and Michael Patten provided statistical advice. Kenneth Forshay, Stephen Golladay, Jason Julian, Jeff Kelly, and Michael Patten were exceptionally helpful throughout the writing process. C. Atkinson was supported in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. Partial support for this project was provided to A. Christian by the Ohio Chapter of the Nature Conservancy, the USDA Ouachita National Forest, the U.S. Department of Interior Buffalo National River, and National Science Foundation Award #09-42371 (DBI: MRI-RI2; Hannigan and Christian). D. Spooner was supported in part by Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) Discovery and Strategic grants (to M. A. Xenopoulos). NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1890/13-0607.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700012 PM 24689148 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, JR Anderson, EM Rocha, AR Larned, WW Grebmeier, JM Cooper, LW Kolts, JM North, CA AF Lovvorn, James R. Anderson, Eric M. Rocha, Aariel R. Larned, William W. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Cooper, Lee W. Kolts, Jason M. North, Christopher A. TI Variable wind, pack ice, and prey dispersion affect the long-term adequacy of protected areas for an Arctic sea duck SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic prey dispersion; Bering Sea; energy balance; fatty acids; marine protected areas; sea ice; Spectacled Eider; stable isotopes ID EIDERS SOMATERIA-SPECTABILIS; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; BERING-SEA; SPECTACLED EIDERS; COMMON EIDERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-CHANGE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; BODY CONDITION; BEARDED SEALS AB With changing climate, delineation of protected areas for sensitive species must account for long-term variability and geographic shifts of key habitat elements. Projecting the future adequacy of protected areas requires knowing major factors that drive such changes, and how readily the animals adjust to altered resources. In the Arctic, the viability of habitats for marine birds and mammals often depends on sea ice to dissipate storm waves and provide platforms for resting. However, some wind conditions (including weak winds during extreme cold) can consolidate pack ice into cover so dense that air-breathing divers are excluded from the better feeding areas. Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) winter among leads (openings) in pack ice in areas where densities of their bivalve prey are quite high. During winter 2009, however, prevailing winds created a large region of continuous ice with inadequate leads to allow access to areas of dense preferred prey. Stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers indicated that, under these conditions, the eiders did not diversify their diet to include abundant non-bivalve taxa but did add a smaller, less preferred, bivalve species. Consistent with a computer model of eider energy balance, the body fat of adult eiders in 2009 was 33-35% lower than on the same date (19 March) in 2001 when ice conditions allowed access to higher bivalve densities. Ice cover data suggest that the eiders were mostly excluded from areas of high bivalve density from January to March in about 30% of 14 winters from 1998 to 2011. Thus, even without change in total extent of ice, shifts in prevailing winds can alter the areal density of ice to reduce access to important habitats. Because changes in wind-driven currents can also rearrange the dispersion of prey, the potential for altered wind patterns should be an important concern in projecting effects of climate change on the adequacy of marine protected areas for diving endotherms in the Arctic. C1 [Lovvorn, James R.; Rocha, Aariel R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lovvorn, James R.; Rocha, Aariel R.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Anderson, Eric M.] British Columbia Inst Technol, Dept Renewable Resources, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada. [Larned, William W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kolts, Jason M.; North, Christopher A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Lovvorn, JR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lovvorn@siu.edu RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568 FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [OPP-9813979, ARC-0454454, ARC-082290]; North Pacific Research Board [820] FX We thank the Captains, officers, and crews of the U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers Polar Sea, Polar Star, and Healy for excellent logistical support. M. G. Sexson of the U.S. Geological Survey graciously provided satellite telemetry locations that helped us find the eiders in 2009 and 2010. D. P. Whiting and J. C. Devine dissected the eiders, and J. F. Peura and A. J. Ellison measured bivalves from grab samples. This research was funded by National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs grants OPP-9813979 to J. R. Lovvorn and ARC-0454454 to J. R. Lovvorn, J. M. Grebmeier, and L. W. Cooper; ARC-082290 to L. W. Cooper and J. M. Grebmeier; and North Pacific Research Board grant 820 to J. R. Lovvorn (this is NPRB Publication 451). Spectacled Eiders were studied under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank H. M. Feder and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 396 EP 412 DI 10.1890/13-0411.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700014 PM 24689150 ER PT J AU Richardson, BA Kitchen, SG Pendleton, RL Pendleton, BK Germino, MJ Rehfeldt, GE Meyer, SE AF Richardson, Bryce A. Kitchen, Stanley G. Pendleton, Rosemary L. Pendleton, Burton K. Germino, Matthew J. Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Meyer, Susan E. TI Adaptive responses reveal contemporary and future ecotypes in a desert shrub SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE assisted migration; blackbrush; climate change; Coleogyne ramosissima; ecological restoration; seed transfer zones ID BLACKBRUSH COLEOGYNE-RAMOSISSIMA; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COLORADO PLATEAU; MOJAVE-DESERT; ASSISTED COLONIZATION; SEED-GERMINATION; SUITABLE HABITAT; CHANGING CLIMATE; NORTH-AMERICA AB Interacting threats to ecosystem function, including climate change, wildfire, and invasive species necessitate native plant restoration in desert ecosystems. However, native plant restoration efforts often remain unguided by ecological genetic information. Given that many ecosystems are in flux from climate change, restoration plans need to account for both contemporary and future climates when choosing seed sources. In this study we analyze vegetative responses, including mortality, growth, and carbon isotope ratios in two blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) common gardens that included 26 populations from a range-wide collection. This shrub occupies ecotones between the warm and cold deserts of Mojave and Colorado Plateau ecoregions in western North America. The variation observed in the vegetative responses of blackbrush populations was principally explained by grouping populations by ecoregions and by regression with site-specific climate variables. Aridity weighted by winter minimum temperatures best explained vegetative responses; Colorado Plateau sites were usually colder and drier than Mojave sites. The relationship between climate and vegetative response was mapped within the boundaries of the species-climate space projected for the contemporary climate and for the decade surrounding 2060. The mapped ecological genetic pattern showed that genetic variation could be classified into cool-adapted and warm-adapted ecotypes, with populations often separated by steep clines. These transitions are predicted to occur in both the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau ecoregions. While under contemporary conditions the warm-adapted ecotype occupies the majority of climate space, climate projections predict that the cool-adapted ecotype could prevail as the dominant ecotype as the climate space of blackbrush expands into higher elevations and latitudes. This study provides the framework for delineating climate change-responsive seed transfer guidelines, which are needed to inform restoration and management planning. We propose four transfer zones in blackbrush that correspond to areas currently dominated by cool-adapted and warm-adapted ecotypes in each of the two ecoregions. C1 [Richardson, Bryce A.; Kitchen, Stanley G.; Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Pendleton, Rosemary L.; Pendleton, Burton K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Richardson, BA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM brichardson.fs@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan (RMRS-GSD-1); Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project (GBNPSIP) FX The authors thank Stephanie Carlson and Stewart Sanderson for technical support and Brynne Lazarus for performing carbon isotope analyses. Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service National Fire Plan (RMRS-GSD-1) and Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project (GBNPSIP). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 58 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 2 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1890/13-0587.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9HZ UT WOS:000331405700015 PM 24689151 ER PT J AU Silvis, A Ford, WM Britzke, ER Johnson, JB AF Silvis, Alexander Ford, W. Mark Britzke, Eric R. Johnson, Joshua B. TI Association, roost use and simulated disruption of Myotis septentrionalis maternity colonies SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Maternity colony; Myotis septentrionalis; Network; Roost loss ID FEMALE BECHSTEINS BATS; FISSION-FUSION SOCIETIES; SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; FOREST; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB How wildlife social and resource networks are distributed on the landscape and how animals respond to resource loss are important aspects of behavioral ecology. For bats, understanding these responses may improve conservation efforts and provide insights into adaptations to environmental conditions. We tracked maternity colonies of northern bats (Myotis septentrionalis) at Fort Knox, Kentucky, USA to evaluate their social and resource networks and space use. Roost and social network structure differed between maternity colonies. Overall roost availability did not appear to be strongly related to network characteristics or space use. In simulations for our two largest networks, roost removal was related linearly to network fragmentation; despite this, networks were relatively robust, requiring removal of >20% of roosts to cause network fragmentation. Results from our analyses indicate that northern bat behavior and space use may differ among colonies and potentially across the maternity season. Simulation results suggest that colony social structure is robust to fragmentation caused by random loss of small numbers of roosts. Flexible social dynamics and tolerance of roost loss may be adaptive strategies for coping with ephemeral conditions in dynamic forest habitats. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Silvis, Alexander; Ford, W. Mark] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Britzke, Eric R.] US Army, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Johnson, Joshua B.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Silvis, A (reprint author), 100 Cheatham Hall,310 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM silvis@vt.edu OI Silvis, Alexander/0000-0003-1163-0123 FU US Army Environmental Quality and Installation Basic Research 6.1 program FX This research was supported by the US Army Environmental Quality and Installation Basic Research 6.1 program. We thank Jimmy Watkins, Mike Brandenberg and Charlie Logsdon for their assistance in supporting this project. The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources graciously provided field housing for this project. We thank James Fraser, James Parkhurst, Michael Whitby, M. Brock Fenton, Meryl Friedrich, and several anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Use of trade, product or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 EI 1872-8308 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD MAR PY 2014 VL 103 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.01.016 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AG7US UT WOS:000335624900041 PM 24468215 ER PT J AU Negron-Ortiz, V AF Negron-Ortiz, Vivian TI Pattern of expenditures for plant conservation under the Endangered Species Act SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Recovery expenditures; Plants; Endangered species; Priority rank; Conservation; US Fish and Wildlife Service ID RECOVERY; BIODIVERSITY; PRIORITIES; RESOURCES AB An estimated 31% of the native plant species in the United States are considered at risk of extinction, and 11% receive protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). But with current and projected threats, many at risk non-listed plant species will need protection under the ESA. Recovery priority guidelines based on a ranking system exist to help identify the most cost-effective use of limited resources to recover listed species. I analyzed how expenditures on listed plants from 2007 to 2011 corresponded to this system, the species' status, and the year first listed. While the majority of species listed under the ESA are plants, they received <5% of the funding for species recovery from federal and state agencies; thus they have the lowest per-species funding. Among plants, spending per species was greater for threatened than for endangered species and positively associated with recentness of listing date. Expenditure allocation was consistent with the ranking system, as higher priority species received more spending. Recovery progress could be significantly increased if more resources are allocated according to this system. In addition, I recommend: avoidance of biases that support specific projects or a few charismatic species; augmentation of the ESA budget to finance projects for the species in conflict with development and growth; cost-benefit analyses of increasing recovery funds for plants (since the cost estimated to recover a plant species average much less than a vertebrate species); and a broadened plant conservation message at local, regional and global scales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. [Negron-Ortiz, Vivian] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Negron-Ortiz, V (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1601 Balboa Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. EM vivian_negronortiz@fws.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 171 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.018 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG5VI UT WOS:000335486400005 ER PT J AU Ganguli, PM Swarzenski, PW Dulaiova, H Glenn, CR Flegal, AR AF Ganguli, Priya M. Swarzenski, Peter W. Dulaiova, Henrieta Glenn, Craig R. Flegal, A. Russell TI Mercury dynamics in a coastal aquifer: Maunalua Bay, O ' ahu, Hawai ' i SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mercury; estuarine chemistry; coastal waters; groundwater; mixing processes; groundwater-surface water interaction ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; SANTA-BARBARA; OCEAN; SPECIATION; ZONE; ESTUARY; ISLAND; MONOMETHYLMERCURY; PHYTOPLANKTON AB We evaluated the influence of groundwater-seawater interaction on mercury dynamics in Maunalua Bay, a coral reef ecosystem located on the south shore of 0'ahu, Hawaii, by combining geochemical data with submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rates. During a rising tide, unfiltered total mercury (U-HgT) concentrations in seawater increased from similar to 6 to 20 pM at Black Point (west Bay) and from similar to 2.5 to 8 pM at Niu (central Bay). We attribute this change to an increase in suspended particulate matter at high tide. Approximately 90% of mercury in groundwater at Niu was in the filtered (< 0.45 mu m) fraction, with a concentration of similar to 4 pM. Groundwater discharge during a period of amplified SGD at Niu appeared to contribute to an increase in total mercury concentrations in filtered seawater (F-HgT; 1.2 to 2.4 pM) and in unfiltered seawater (U-HgT; 2.5 to 3.2 pM). The larger magnitude of change in F-HgT relative to U-HgT suggests mercury complexation and/or solubility dynamics in seawater were altered by the addition of groundwater. We used site specific Rn-222 derived SGD flux estimates and groundwater F-HgT concentrations to calculate mercury loadings at Black Point ( similar to 3 nmol m(-2) d(-1)) and at Niu (similar to 1 nmol m(-2) d(-1)). We calculated a weighted average Maunalua Bay groundwater mercury flux of 0.68 +/- 0.67 mol yr(-1) by combining the proportional flux of F-HgT from three distinct SGD zones, and place these results into a broader context by comparing and contrasting flux estimates from locations around the world. Results from existing SGD studies should be evaluated to develop future sampling strategies that address more targeted questions about mercury biogeochemical cycling at the groundwater-seawater interface. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganguli, Priya M.; Flegal, A. Russell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS Lab, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dulaiova, Henrieta; Glenn, Craig R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ganguli, PM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Mail Stop 51, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pganguli@whoi.edu; pswarzen@usgs.gov; hdulaiov@hawaii.edu; glenn@soest.hawaii.edu; flegal@ucsc.edu OI Ganguli, Priya/0000-0002-5965-0230 FU Malama Maunalua, particularly to Alyssa Miller and Carol Wilcox; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program [NA090AR4170060, UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-09-56]; Robert & Patricia Switzer Foundation; University of California Toxic Substances Research & Teaching Program (UC TSRTP); Friends of Long Marine Laboratory (FLML); Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust FX This work could not have been accomplished without the expert help of many, including Gordon Tribble (USGS-Honolulu), Natasha Dimova (UA-Tuscaloosa), Sarah Rosa (USGS-Honolulu), Jacque Kelly (Georgia Southern University), Carrie Plath (UH-Manoa), Christopher Conaway (USGS-Menlo Park), Carl Lamborg (WHOI), and members of the WIGS Lab (UC Santa Cruz). We are very grateful for the help and logistical support of Malama Maunalua, particularly to Alyssa Miller and Carol Wilcox. We are indebted to John Haines of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program for sustained support in coastal aquifer science. We also appreciate the insightful and constructive input we received from the anonymous reviewers. This work was sponsored in part by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program under Institutional Grant No. NA090AR4170060 [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-09-56]. The analytical component of this project was supported with funds from the Robert & Patricia Switzer Foundation, the University of California Toxic Substances Research & Teaching Program (UC TSR&TP), the Friends of Long Marine Laboratory (FLML), and the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.01.012 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG0ID UT WOS:000335098300007 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Levin, PS Townsend, H Minello, TJ Sutton, GR Francis, TB Harvey, CJ Toft, JE Arkema, KK Burke, JL Kim, CK Guerry, AD Plummer, M Spiridonov, G Ruckelshaus, M AF Carey, Michael P. Levin, Phillip S. Townsend, Howard Minello, Thomas J. Sutton, Glen R. Francis, Tessa B. Harvey, Chris J. Toft, Jodie E. Arkema, Katie K. Burke, Jennifer L. Kim, Choong-Ki Guerry, Anne D. Plummer, Mark Spiridonov, Georgi Ruckelshaus, Mary TI Characterizing coastal foodwebs with qualitative links to bridge the gap between the theory and the practice of ecosystem-based management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; demersal fisheries; ecosystem-based management; foodweb structure; Galveston Bay; loop analysis; Puget Sound ID DUNGENESS CRAB; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; BENTHIC SYSTEMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PREDICTIONS; FISHERIES; MODELS; CHALLENGES; STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY AB Tools that integrate the complexity of natural systems are needed to facilitate ecosystem-based management (EBM). Loop analysis is an underutilized qualitative tool for EBM that uses information on foodweb links (e.g. predatorprey interactions) and the resulting pathways (cycles) through the foodweb to predict responses to press perturbations. We explore the utility of loop analysis related to management actions: increasing crab abundance and reducing eutrophication in coastal foodwebs. We found that crab-related management actions propagated through the foodweb, with positive and negative impacts. Several negatively impacted species support important fisheries; their declines illustrate the challenge of developing multispecies plans. In our analysis, the management actions decreasing eutrophication reduced most functional groups. However, these predictions were unreliable, suggesting indiscernible bottom-up effects in the foodwebs. Simultaneously managing for crab increases and reducing eutrophication created mostly decreasing abundances in other functional groups and reduced the predictability of the responses. The response to each management action suggests trade-offs between goals, and the qualitatively unreliable predictions could result from variation in the strength of species interactions or indicate knowledge gaps. EBM can benefit from both the explicit articulation of trade-offs and the identification of gaps in our understanding of these systems. C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Levin, Phillip S.; Harvey, Chris J.; Burke, Jennifer L.; Plummer, Mark] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Townsend, Howard; Spiridonov, Georgi] NOAA Fisheries, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Sutton, Glen R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Galveston Bay Field Off, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] Univ Washington, Ctr Urban Waters, Puget Sound Inst, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. [Toft, Jodie E.; Arkema, Katie K.; Kim, Choong-Ki; Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kim, Choong-Ki] Inha Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Inst, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mcarey@usgs.gov RI Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012 OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (CAMEO) programme, a joint NOAA-National Science Foundation programme; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries); Natural Capital Project at Stanford University; National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX The Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (CAMEO) programme, a joint NOAA-National Science Foundation programme, funded this work. Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries) and the Natural Capital Project at Stanford University provided support. Additional support for MPC was provided through a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. George Guillen and Danielle Crossen provided information on the Galveston Bay foodweb. Reviews by A. Chester and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst012 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4OY UT WOS:000334694300028 ER PT J AU Cutting, KA Hobson, KA Rotella, JJ Warren, JM Takekawa, JY De La Cruz, SEW Parker, M AF Cutting, Kyle A. Hobson, Keith A. Rotella, Jay J. Warren, Jeffrey M. Takekawa, John Y. De La Cruz, Susan E. W. Parker, Michael TI Relative contribution of lipid sources to eggs of lesser scaup SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; STABLE-CARBON; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; CAPITAL BREEDERS; CLUTCH FORMATION; ISOTOPES; MIGRATION; DIET; PATTERNS AB Studies of how birds mobilize nutrients to eggs have traditionally considered a continuum of possible allocation strategies ranging from income breeding (rely on food sources found on the breeding grounds) to capital breeding (rely on body reserves stored prior to the breeding season). For capital breeding, stored body reserves can be acquired either on or away from the breeding grounds, but it has been difficult to quantify the relative contribution of each, precluding identification of key habitats for acquiring nutrients for clutch formation. During 2006-2009, we explored the importance of spring-staging habitats versus breeding-area habitats for egg-lipid formation in female lesser scaup Aythya affinis using stable carbon (delta C-13) isotope analyses. Although delta C-13 values for abdominal lipid reserves brought to the breeding grounds overlapped those of local amphipods, we were able to quantify the importance of local plant carbohydrates (seeds of emergent wetland plants) to the production of eggs. We compared the importance of local wetland seeds (overall delta C-13: -29.1 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand SD) to combined lipid stores and lipids from local amphipods (overall delta C-13: -23.8 +/- 2.2 parts per thousand). Local seeds and stored body lipids contributed equally to egg lipid formation across years but we found evidence of annual variation in their relative importance. Wetland seeds contributed 39% (SE = 10%) to egg lipid production, and the importance of this source varied by year (90% CI = 47-75% in 2006, 13-42% in 2007, 29-65% in 2008, and 7-30% in 2009). In contrast to earlier studies that suggest lesser scaup predominantly employ a capital breeding strategy, our results suggest that in some years females may attain half of their energy for clutch formation from foods on the breeding grounds. C1 [Cutting, Kyle A.; Warren, Jeffrey M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. [Rotella, Jay J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Takekawa, John Y.; De La Cruz, Susan E. W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Cutting, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM kyle_cutting@fws.gov FU Delta Waterfowl Inc.; Waterfowl Research Foundation Inc.; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey FX We thank the staff at Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge for logistical support. We thank S. Creel and R. Garrott for constructive comments on drafts of the manuscript, and W. Cross for access to his lab. We thank our field assistants including S. Bard, E. Cutting, K. C. Cutting, W. Goldenberg, J. Karagetchevia, A. Lawson and A. Phillips. Funding for this study was provided by Delta Waterfowl Inc., Waterfowl Research Foundation Inc., US Fish and Wildlife Service, and US Geological Survey. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 45 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00238.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AC3DA UT WOS:000332394000010 ER PT J AU Rosner, A Vogel, RM Kirshen, PH AF Rosner, Ana Vogel, Richard M. Kirshen, Paul H. TI A risk-based approach to flood management decisions in a nonstationary world SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE regret; nonstationarity; trend detection; hypothesis testing; adaptation; storm surge ID SAMPLE-SIZE CALCULATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; TRENDS; POWER; RECORDS; INTENSIFICATION; STATIONARITY; VARIABILITY AB Traditional approaches to flood management in a nonstationary world begin with a null hypothesis test of no trend and its likelihood, with little or no attention given to the likelihood that we might ignore a trend if it really existed. Concluding a trend exists when it does not, or rejecting a trend when it exists are known as type I and type II errors, respectively. Decision-makers are poorly served by statistical and/or decision methods that do not carefully consider both over- and under-preparation errors, respectively. Similarly, little attention is given to how to integrate uncertainty in our ability to detect trends into a flood management decision context. We show how trend hypothesis test results can be combined with an adaptation's infrastructure costs and damages avoided to provide a rational decision approach in a nonstationary world. The criterion of expected regret is shown to be a useful metric that integrates the statistical, economic, and hydrological aspects of the flood management problem in a nonstationary world. C1 [Rosner, Ana] US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 02148 USA. [Vogel, Richard M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kirshen, Paul H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kirshen, Paul H.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Rosner, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 02148 USA. EM arosner@usgs.gov RI Vogel, Richard/A-8513-2008; Rosner, Ana/M-8281-2015 OI Vogel, Richard/0000-0001-9759-0024; Rosner, Ana/0000-0002-9799-3883 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources (IWR); Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office [NA07OAR4310373] FX The second author is indebted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources (IWR), for their support of this research project. The first and third authors were funded under a grant from the Sectoral Applications Research Program (SARP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, grant NA07OAR4310373. The views expressed represent those of these authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of either IWR or NOAA. Research quality hourly sea level data for New London, CT, based on NOAA observations, was acquired from the Joint Archive for Sea Level (http://uhslc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/download/rq). The authors would like to thank to Elena Naumova for her valuable comments. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1928 EP 1942 DI 10.1002/2013WR014561 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AE6NV UT WOS:000334111600005 ER PT J AU Green, CT Bekins, BA Kalkhoff, SJ Hirsch, RM Liao, LX Barnes, KK AF Green, Christopher T. Bekins, Barbara A. Kalkhoff, Stephen J. Hirsch, Robert M. Liao, Lixia Barnes, Kimberlee K. TI Decadal surface water quality trends under variable climate, land use, and hydrogeochemical setting in Iowa, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrate; surface water quality; time series ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RACCOON RIVER; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; NITROGEN; CATCHMENTS; 20TH-CENTURY; TRIBUTARIES AB Understanding how nitrogen fluxes respond to changes in agriculture and climate is important for improving water quality. In the midwestern United States, expansion of corn cropping for ethanol production led to increasing N application rates in the 2000s during a period of extreme variability of annual precipitation. To examine the effects of these changes, surface water quality was analyzed in 10 major Iowa Rivers. Several decades of concentration and flow data were analyzed with a statistical method that provides internally consistent estimates of the concentration history and reveals flow-normalized trends that are independent of year-to-year streamflow variations. Flow-normalized concentrations of nitrate+nitrite-N decreased from 2000 to 2012 in all basins. To evaluate effects of annual discharge and N loading on these trends, multiple conceptual models were developed and calibrated to flow-weighted annual concentrations. The recent declining concentration trends can be attributed to both very high and very low discharge in the 2000s and to the long (e.g., 8 year) subsurface residence times in some basins. Dilution of N and depletion of stored N occurs in years with high discharge. Reduced N transport and increased N storage occurs in low-discharge years. Central Iowa basins showed the greatest reduction in flow-normalized concentrations, likely because of smaller storage volumes and shorter residence times. Effects of land-use changes on the water quality of major Iowa Rivers may not be noticeable for years or decades in peripheral basins of Iowa, and may be obscured in the central basins where extreme flows strongly affect annual concentration trends. Key Points Weighted regression reveals N concentration trends independent of flow variations Flow-normalized N concentrations decreased in Iowa Rivers from 2000 to 2012 Trends resulted from extreme flows interacting with hydrogeochemistry and land use C1 [Green, Christopher T.; Bekins, Barbara A.; Liao, Lixia] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kalkhoff, Stephen J.; Barnes, Kimberlee K.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. [Hirsch, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov OI Hirsch, Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 FU USGS National Research Program; USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program; USGS Energy Resources Program FX Thanks to Donna Lutz from the Iowa State University, the principal investigator of the Des Moines River Water Quality network, who provided sampling and site information and data from sites on the Raccoon and Des Moines River and to Donald Carrington of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, who provided information about wetlands delineation requests in Iowa. We also thank Matt Miller of the USGS, three anonymous reviewers, and the editors of Water Resources Research for their constructive comments that were essential for improving the manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS National Research Program, USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program, and the USGS Energy Resources Program. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2425 EP 2443 DI 10.1002/2013WR014829 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AE6NV UT WOS:000334111600033 ER PT J AU Essaid, HI Hill, BR AF Essaid, Hedeff I. Hill, Barry R. TI Watershed-scale modeling of streamflow change in incised montane meadows SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE meadow hydrology; stream incision; watershed modeling ID IMPACTED WET MEADOWS; SIERRA-NEVADA; DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS; RIPARIAN MEADOW; CASCADE RANGES; CALIFORNIA; USA; RESTORATION; GROUNDWATER; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Land use practices have caused stream channel incision and water table decline in many montane meadows of the Western United States. Incision changes the magnitude and timing of streamflow in water supply source watersheds, a concern to resource managers and downstream water users. The hydrology of montane meadows under natural and incised conditions was investigated using watershed simulation for a range of hydrologic conditions. The results illustrate the interdependence between: watershed and meadow hydrology; bedrock and meadow aquifers; and surface and groundwater flow through the meadow for the modeled scenarios. During the wet season, stream incision resulted in less overland flow and interflow and more meadow recharge causing a net decrease in streamflow and increase in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. During the dry season, incision resulted in less meadow evapotranspiration and more groundwater discharge to the stream causing a net increase in streamflow and a decrease in groundwater storage relative to natural meadow conditions. In general, for a given meadow setting, the magnitude of change in summer streamflow and long-term change in watershed groundwater storage due to incision will depend on the combined effect of: reduced evapotranspiration in the eroded meadow; induced groundwater recharge; replenishment of dry season groundwater storage depletion in meadow and bedrock aquifers by precipitation during wet years; and groundwater storage depletion that is not replenished by precipitation during wet years. Key Points Meadow and watershed properties influence meadow response to stream channel incision Postincision streamflow change is influenced by changes in the groundwater system Postincision streamflow change is sensitive to change in evapotranspiration C1 [Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hill, Barry R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Essaid, HI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hiessaid@usgs.gov FU CA Department of Water Resources; USDA Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work has been supported by the CA Department of Water Resources, USDA Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Liza Hoos (graduate student, Duke University) for her assistance with GIS analysis, and Andrew Manning (USGS) for providing well information, and Rich Niswonger (USGS) for GSFLOW support. We also thank Jim Constantz and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. The GSFLOW software used for this study is available at http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/gsflow/gsflow.html and specific model data are available from the corresponding author. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2657 EP 2678 DI 10.1002/2013WR014420 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AE6NV UT WOS:000334111600045 ER PT J AU Marin-Spiotta, E Gruley, KE Crawford, J Atkinson, EE Miesel, JR Greene, S Cardona-Correa, C Spencer, RGM AF Marin-Spiotta, E. Gruley, K. E. Crawford, J. Atkinson, E. E. Miesel, J. R. Greene, S. Cardona-Correa, C. Spencer, R. G. M. TI Paradigm shifts in soil organic matter research affect interpretations of aquatic carbon cycling: transcending disciplinary and ecosystem boundaries SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil organic matter; Dissolved organic matter; Radiocarbon; Black carbon; Aquatic; Terrestrial; Marine; Lignin ID DISSOLVED BLACK CARBON; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATE SOILS; CONGO RIVER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; LIGNIN OXIDATION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL AB New conceptual models that highlight the importance of environmental, rather than molecular, controls on soil organic matter affect interpretations of organic matter (OM) persistence across terrestrial and aquatic boundaries. We propose that changing paradigms in our thinking about OM decomposition explain some of the uncertainties surrounding the fate of land-derived carbon (C) in marine environments. Terrestrial OM, which historically has been thought to be chemically recalcitrant to decay in soil and aquatic environments, dominates inputs to rivers yet is found in trace amounts in the ocean. We discuss three major transformations in our understanding of OM persistence that influence interpretations of the fate of aquatic OM: (1) a shift away from an emphasis on chemical recalcitrance as a primary predictor of turnover; (2) new interpretations of radiocarbon ages, which affect predictions of reactivity; and (3) the recognition that most OM leaving soils in dissolved form has been microbially processed. The first two explain rapid turnover for terrigenous OM in aquatic ecosystems once it leaves the soil matrix. The third suggests that the presence of terrestrial OM in aquatic ecosystems may be underestimated by the use of plant biomarkers. Whether these mechanisms occur in isolation of each other or in combination, they provide insight into the missing terrestrial C signature in the ocean. Spatially and temporally varying transformations of OM along land-water networks require that common terrestrial source indicators be interpreted within specific environmental contexts. We identify areas of research where collaborations between aquatic and terrestrial scientists will enhance quantification of C transfer from soils to inland water bodies, the ocean, and the atmosphere. Accurate estimates of OM processing are essential for improving predictions of the response of vulnerable C pools at the interface of soil and water to changes in climate and land use. C1 [Marin-Spiotta, E.; Gruley, K. E.; Atkinson, E. E.; Greene, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crawford, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crawford, J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Miesel, J. R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cardona-Correa, C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Spencer, R. G. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. RP Marin-Spiotta, E (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, 550 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM marinspiotta@wisc.edu OI Marin-Spiotta, Erika/0000-0001-7343-9354 FU NSF [DEB-0932440, DEB-1050742, DBI-0610453, ETBC-0851101, OCE-1333157, ANT-1203885, OPP-1107774]; NSF-IGERT [DGE-1144752] FX We thank L. Graham, M. Kleber, J. Sanderman and two anonymous reviewers for thorough and thoughtful comments that greatly improved earlier versions of the text and conceptual figures; K. Keefover-Ring for assistance with figures; G. Sanford for sharing data; the ISOGEOCHEM community for sharing references; and all Spring 2011 Geography 920 seminar participants and guests for lively discussions that led to the writing of this paper. We acknowledge support from NSF through DEB-0932440, DEB-1050742, and DBI-0610453 to E. M. S. and ETBC-0851101, OCE-1333157, ANT-1203885 and OPP-1107774 to R. G. M. S. This work was in part supported by the NSF-IGERT award DGE-1144752. NR 160 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 18 U2 153 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2014 VL 117 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10533-013-9949-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AE1CL UT WOS:000333703400004 ER PT J AU Klapstein, SJ Turetsky, MR McGuire, AD Harden, JW Czimczik, CI Xu, XM Chanton, JP Waddington, JM AF Klapstein, Sara J. Turetsky, Merritt R. McGuire, A. David Harden, Jennifer W. Czimczik, Claudia I. Xu, Xiaomei Chanton, Jeffrey P. Waddington, James M. TI Controls on methane released through ebullition in peatlands affected by permafrost degradation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CH4; bubbles; thermokarst; carbon; radiocarbon; collapse scar ID BIOGENIC GAS-BUBBLES; ART. NO. GB1003; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; CARBON DYNAMICS; PEAT; SOIL; FLUXES; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS AB Permafrost thaw in peat plateaus leads to the flooding of surface soils and the formation of collapse scar bogs, which have the potential to be large emitters of methane (CH4) from surface peat as well as deeper, previously frozen, permafrost carbon (C). We used a network of bubble traps, permanently installed 20cm and 60cm beneath the moss surface, to examine controls on ebullition from three collapse bogs in interior Alaska. Overall, ebullition was dominated by episodic events that were associated with changes in atmospheric pressure, and ebullition was mainly a surface process regulated by both seasonal ice dynamics and plant phenology. The majority (>90%) of ebullition occurred in surface peat layers, with little bubble production in deeper peat. During periods of peak plant biomass, bubbles contained acetate-derived CH4 dominated (>90%) by modern C fixed from the atmosphere following permafrost thaw. Post-senescence, the contribution of CH4 derived from thawing permafrost C was more variable and accounted for up to 22% (on average 7%), in the most recently thawed site. Thus, the formation of thermokarst features resulting from permafrost thaw in peatlands stimulates ebullition and CH4 release both by creating flooded surface conditions conducive to CH4 production and bubbling as well as by exposing thawing permafrost C to mineralization. Key Points Total ebullition and was greatest depended on seasonal thaw and changes in atmospheric pressure Ebullition was dominated by episodic ebullition and was greatest in the youngest thaw site Up to 22% of methane in late season bubbles was derived from older permafrost carbon C1 [Klapstein, Sara J.; Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McGuire, A. David] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Czimczik, Claudia I.; Xu, Xiaomei] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Waddington, James M.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Klapstein, SJ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM saraklapstein@gmail.com FU NSERC-CGS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, DEB-0830997, DEB-1026415]; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research FX Support for this study was provided by an NSERC-CGS fellowship to S.J.K., a National Science Foundation grant to A. D. M., M. R. T., and J.W.H. (DEB-0425328, DEB-0724514, and DEB-0830997) and the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (funded jointly by National Science Foundation grant DEB-1026415 and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research). Data is accessible via corresponding author. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 418 EP 431 DI 10.1002/2013JG002441 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AF2HZ UT WOS:000334534500017 ER PT J AU McKean, J Tonina, D Bohn, C Wright, CW AF McKean, J. Tonina, D. Bohn, C. Wright, C. W. TI Effects of bathymetric lidar errors on flow properties predicted with a multi-dimensional hydraulic model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE bathymetric lidar; hydrodynamic models; bed mobility errors; channel shear stress errors ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHIC DATA; RIVER CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; FORM-RESOLVING LIDAR; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; LASER BATHYMETRY; STREAM HABITATS AB New remote sensing technologies and improved computer performance now allow numerical flow modeling over large stream domains. However, there has been limited testing of whether channel topography can be remotely mapped with accuracy necessary for such modeling. We assessed the ability of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, to support a multi-dimensional fluid dynamics model of a small mountain stream. Random point elevation errors were introduced into the lidar point cloud, and predictions of water surface elevation, velocity, bed shear stress, and bed mobility were compared to those made without the point errors. We also compared flow model predictions using the lidar bathymetry with those made using a total station channel field survey. Lidar errors caused <1cm changes in the modeled water surface elevations. Effects of the point errors on other flow characteristics varied with both the magnitude of error and the local spatial density of lidar data. Shear stress errors were greatest where flow was naturally shallow and fast, and lidar errors caused the greatest changes in flow cross-sectional area. The majority of the stress errors were less than 5Pa. At near bankfull flow, the predicted mobility state of the median grain size changed over 1.3% of the model domain as a result of lidar elevation errors and 3% changed mobility in the comparison of lidar and ground-surveyed topography. In this riverscape, results suggest that an airborne bathymetric lidar can map channel topography with sufficient accuracy to support a numerical flow model. C1 [McKean, J.; Bohn, C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Tonina, D.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID USA. [Wright, C. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP McKean, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. EM jmckean@fs.fed.us RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Comments from reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. Data are available upon request from the senior author. NR 76 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 644 EP 664 DI 10.1002/2013JF002897 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE9WR UT WOS:000334362800014 ER PT J AU Garcia, AL Knott, JR Mahan, SA Bright, J AF Garcia, Anna L. Knott, Jeffrey R. Mahan, Shannon A. Bright, Jordon TI Geochronology and paleoenvironment of pluvial Harper Lake, Mojave Desert, California, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mojave River; Harper Lake; Paleoclimate; Polar jet stream; Ostracode; Lake Manix; Geochronology; Radiocarbon; OSL; IRSL ID EQUIVALENT DOSE DETERMINATIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BASIN LAKES; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; FIELD INTENSITY; BALDWIN LAKE; DEVILS-HOLE; C-14 DATA; LUMINESCENCE; QUATERNARY AB Accurate reconstruction of the paleo-Mojave River and pluvial lake (Harper, Manix, Cronese, and Mojave) system of southern California is critical to understanding paleoclimate and the North American polar jet stream position over the last 500 ka. Previous studies inferred a polar jet stream south of 35 degrees N at 18 ka and at similar to 40 degrees N at 17-14 ka. Highstand sediments of Harper Lake, the upstream-most pluvial lake along the Mojave River, have yielded uncalibrated radiocarbon ages ranging from 24,000 to >30,000 C-14 yr BP. Based on geologic mapping, radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating, we infer a similar to 45-40 ka age for the Harper Lake highstand sediments. Combining the Harper Lake highstand with other Great Basin pluvial lake/spring and marine climate records, we infer that the North American polar jet stream was south of 35 degrees N about 45-40 ka, but shifted to 40 degrees N by similar to 35 ka. Ostracodes (Limnocythere ceriotuberosa) from Harper Lake highstand sediments are consistent with an alkaline lake environment that received seasonal inflow from the Mojave River, thus confirming the lake was fed by the Mojave River. The similar to 45-40 ka highstand at Harper Lake coincides with a shallowing interval at downstream Lake Manic. (c) 2013 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, Anna L.; Knott, Jeffrey R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr MS 974, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bright, Jordon] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Mojave Water Agcy, Apple Valley, CA 92307 USA. EM agarcia@mojavewater.org; jknott@fullerton.edu; smahan@usgs.gov; jbright1@email.arizona.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 FU California Desert Research Fund at The Community Foundation [2006-044]; American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund (ACS PRF) [46581-UFS, 43505-B8] FX Support from this study was provided by the California Desert Research Fund at The Community Foundation (#2006-044 to Garcia) and the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund (ACS PRF# 46581-UFS and ACS PRF# 43505-B8 to Knott). We benefited from discussions with R. Negrini, J. Pigati, M. Reheis, and D. Miller. Radiocarbon dating was done at the University of California, Irvine W.M. Keck Radiocarbon Lab. M. Kirby allowed the use of laboratory space; M. Mazon prepared the radiocarbon samples. M. Reheis, J. Munroe and Associate Editors J. Quade and K. Adams provided constructive comments that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 EI 1096-0287 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2013.10.008 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AE7CM UT WOS:000334154300013 ER PT J AU Xia, JZ Liu, SG Liang, SL Chen, Y Xu, WF Yuan, WP AF Xia, Jiangzhou Liu, Shuguang Liang, Shunlin Chen, Yang Xu, Wenfang Yuan, Wenping TI Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Climate Variables Controlling of Biomass Carbon Stock of Global Grassland Ecosystems from 1982 to 2006 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass carbon stock; meta-analysis; environmental controls; NDVI; grassland ID RAIN-USE EFFICIENCY; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; CHINA GRASSLANDS; NDVI DATA; SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; LIVESTOCK; MONGOLIA AB Grassland ecosystems play an important role in subsistence agriculture and the global carbon cycle. However, the global spatio-temporal patterns and environmental controls of grassland biomass are not well quantified and understood. The goal of this study was to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of the global grassland biomass and analyze their driving forces using field measurements, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from satellite data, climate reanalysis data, and a satellite-based statistical model. Results showed that the NDVI-based biomass carbon model developed from this study explained 60% of the variance across 38 sites globally. The global carbon stock in grassland aboveground live biomass was 1.05 Pg center dot C, averaged from 1982 to 2006, and increased at a rate of 2.43 Tg center dot C center dot y(-1) during this period. Temporal change of the global biomass was significantly and positively correlated with temperature and precipitation. The distribution of biomass carbon density followed the precipitation gradient. The dynamics of regional grassland biomass showed various trends largely determined by regional climate variability, disturbances, and management practices (such as grazing for meat production). The methods and results from this study can be used to monitor the dynamics of grassland aboveground biomass and evaluate grassland susceptibility to climate variability and change, disturbances, and management. C1 [Xia, Jiangzhou; Liang, Shunlin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing Normal Univ & Inst Remote Sensing & Digit, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xia, Jiangzhou; Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Yang; Xu, Wenfang; Yuan, Wenping] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Wenping] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xiajiangzhou@mail.bnu.edu.cn; sliu@usgs.gov; sliang@umd.edu; cheny0323@163.com; xuwenfangfang@163.com; yuanwpcn@126.com RI liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 FU Land Carbon Project; U.S. Carbon Trends Project under the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2013AA122800] FX This study, supported by the Land Carbon Project and the U.S. Carbon Trends Project under the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program, and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2013AA122800), was originally designed to map potential carbon stocks in grassland ecosystems across the United States and subsequently expanded to the global scale. The comments from Dr. Lei Ji, Yingxin Gu, Mr. Thomas Adamson, Dr. Elisabeth Brouwers, and three anonymous reviewers on this paper are greatly appreciated. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 72 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1783 EP 1802 DI 10.3390/rs6031783 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AF6AO UT WOS:000334797000002 ER PT J AU Blecker, SW Stillings, LL DeCrappeo, NM Ippolito, JA AF Blecker, S. W. Stillings, L. L. DeCrappeo, N. M. Ippolito, J. A. TI Soil-Plant-Microbial Relations in Hydrothermally Altered Soils of Northern California SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ANPP; aboveground net primary productivity; AWCD; average well color development; EC; electrical conductivity; FAME; fatty-acid methyl ester; PC; principal component; PCA; principal component analysis; PLFA; phospholipid fatty acid; SQI; soil quality Indices; TOC; total organic C; VNP; Volcano National Park ID GREAT-BASIN; ARCTOSTAPHYLOS-PATULA; QUALITY INDEXES; WATER RELATIONS; PINUS-JEFFREYI; USE EFFICIENCY; COMMUNITIES; SIERRAN; CARBON; MINERALIZATION AB Soils developed on relict hydrothermally altered soils throughout the Western USA present unique opportunities to study the role of geology on above and belowground biotic activity and composition. Soil and vegetation samples were taken at three unaltered andesite and three hydrothermally altered (acid-sulfate) sites located in and around Lassen VolcanicNational Park in northeastern California. In addition, three different types of disturbed areas (clearcut, thinned, and pipeline) were sampled in acid-sulfate altered sites. Soils were sampled (0-15 cm) in mid-summer 2010 from both under-canopy and between-canopy areas within each of the sites. Soils were analyzed for numerous physical and chemical properties along with soil enzyme assays, C and N mineralization potential, microbial biomass-C and C-substrate utilization. Field vegetation measurements consisted of canopy cover by life form (tree, shrub, forb, and grass), tree and shrub density, and aboveground net primary productivity of the understory. Overall, parameters at the clearcut sites were more similar to the unaltered sites, while parameters at the thinned and pipeline sites were more similar to the altered sites. We employed principal components analysis (PCA) to develop two soil quality indices (SQI) to help quantify the differences among the sites: one based on the correlation between soil parameters and canopy cover, and the second based on six sub-indices. Soil quality indices developed in these systems could provide a means for monitoring and identifying key relations between the vegetation, soils, and microorganisms. C1 [Blecker, S. W.; Stillings, L. L.] US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [DeCrappeo, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3793N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov FU United States Geological Survey FX Thanks to Lassen Volcanic National Park. This project was funded by the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 78 IS 2 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0298 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AE9TY UT WOS:000334354400018 ER PT J AU Kurth, VJ D'Amato, AW Palik, BJ Bradford, JB AF Kurth, Valerie J. D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian J. Bradford, John B. TI Fifteen-Year Patterns of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Following Biomass Harvesting SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOREAL FOREST; WHOLE-TREE; EARTHWORM INVASION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; PRODUCTIVITY AB The substitution of forest-derived woody biofuels for fossil fuel energy has garnered increasing attention in recent years, but information regarding the mid- and long-term effects on soil productivity is limited. We investigated 15-yr temporal trends in forest floor and mineral soil (0-30 cm) C and N pools in response to organic matter removal treatments (OMR; stem-only harvest, SOH; whole-tree harvest, WTH; and whole-tree plus forest floor removal, FFR) at three edaphically distinct aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and P. grandidentata Michx.) forests in the Great Lakes region. The OMR and temporal effects were generally site specific, and both were most evident in the forest floor and combined profile (mineral soil and forest floor) compared with the mineral soil alone. Forest floor and combined profile C and N pools were generally similar in the SOH and WTH treatments, suggesting that slash retention has little impact on soil C and N in this time frame. Temporal changes in C and N at one of the three sites were consistent with patterns documented following exotic earthworm invasion, but mineral soil pools at the other two sites were stable over time. Power analyses demonstrated that significant effects were more likely to be detected for temporal differences than the effects of OMR and in the combined profile than in the mineral soil. Our findings are consistent with previous work demonstrating that OMR effects on soil C and N pools are site specific and more apparent in the forest floor than the mineral soil. C1 [Kurth, Valerie J.; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kurth, VJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vjkurth@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Northern Research Station and Region 9 of the U.S. Forest Service, USDA Biomass Research Development Initiative Grant [2009-10006-05948]; Legislative-Citizen's Commission on Minnesota Resources FX We thank John Elioff for managing sample collection throughout the course of this study, Josh Kragthorpe for running and rerunning the analytical analyses, and Rob Slesak for helpful discussions about the data. Funding was provided by the Northern Research Station and Region 9 of the U.S. Forest Service, USDA Biomass Research Development Initiative Grant 2009-10006-05948, and the Legislative-Citizen's Commission on Minnesota Resources. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 78 IS 2 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0360 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AE9TY UT WOS:000334354400030 ER PT J AU Navratil, T Shanley, J Rohovec, J Hojdova, M Penizek, V Buchtova, J AF Navratil, Tomas Shanley, Jamie Rohovec, Jan Hojdova, Maria Penizek, Vit Buchtova, Jana TI Distribution and Pools of Mercury in Czech Forest Soils SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Carbon; Sulfur; Oxalate-extractable Al; Oxalate-extractable Fe; Hg/C ratio; Central Europe; Black Triangle ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NATURAL SOURCES; CARBON STORAGE; CENTRAL-EUROPE; MINERAL SOILS; STREAM WATER; PART I; LITTER; SULFUR AB Parts of the Czech Republic received extreme loading of acid deposition from coal combustion in the second half of the twentieth century. Although associated Hg deposition was not directly measured, Hg deposition rates calculated from peat cores approach 100 mu g m(-2) year(-1). We quantified the soil concentrations and pools of Hg with carbon (C), sulfur (S), and nitrogen (N)-elements closely associated with soil organic matter at five sites across the Czech Republic-four sites known for extreme deposition levels of S and N compounds in the twentieth century, and one site relatively less impacted. The site-specific means of O-horizon Hg concentrations ranged from 277 to 393 mu g kg(-1), while means of Hg concentrations in mineral soil ranged from 22 to 95 mu g kg(-1). The mean Hg/C ratio across sites increased from similar to 0.5 mu gHg g(-1) C in the Oi-horizon to similar to 5 mu g Hg g(-1) C in the C-horizon due to the progressive mineralization of soil organic matter. The soil Hg/C increase was accompanied by a soil C/N decrease, another indicator of soil organic matter mineralization. Soil Hg/C also increased as soil C/S decreased, suggesting that Hg was stabilized by S functional groups within the soil organic matter. Mineral soil Hg pools (8.9-130.0 mg m(-2)) dominated over organic soil Hg pools (5.3-10.1 mg m(-2)) at all sites. Mineral soil Hg pools correlated more strongly with total soil S and oxalate-extractable Fe than with total soil C. Total soil Hg pools could be accounted for by a time period of atmospheric inputs that was short relative to the age of the soils. The cross site variability of Hg soil pools was not sensitive to the local Hg deposition history but rather related to the capacity of soil to store and stabilize organic matter. C1 [Navratil, Tomas; Rohovec, Jan; Hojdova, Maria; Buchtova, Jana] Inst Geol AS CR, Vvi, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. [Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Penizek, Vit] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Agrobiol Food & Nat Resources, Prague 16521 6, Czech Republic. RP Navratil, T (reprint author), Inst Geol AS CR, Vvi, Rozvojova 269, Prague 16500 6, Czech Republic. EM navratilt@gli.cas.cz RI Navratil, Tomas/C-3181-2008; Buchtova, Jana/I-8760-2014; Rohovec, Jan/B-2790-2009 OI Navratil, Tomas/0000-0002-6213-5336; FU Czech Science Foundation [P210-11-1369] FX Main financial support for this research has been provided by the Czech Science Foundation Project No. P210-11-1369. We are very thankful to Svetlana Hubickova and Irena Dobesova for sample processing and laboratory treatment. We appreciate the work of Ondrej Sebek at the Laboratories of Faculty of Science Charles University performing sulfur analyses. Supporting information for site LIZ was kindly provided by Miroslav Tesar and for sites LYS and PLB by Pavel Kram. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 225 IS 3 AR 1829 DI 10.1007/s11270-013-1829-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AF2YG UT WOS:000334577800001 ER PT J AU Hackley, PC Karlsen, AW AF Hackley, Paul C. Karlsen, Alexander W. TI Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in Aptian carbonates, onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin, United States SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sligo Formation; James Limestone; Hydrocarbon resource assessment; Lower Cretaceous; Gulf of Mexico Basin ID HYDROCARBON GENERATION; CRUDE-OIL; TEXAS; MISSISSIPPI; MIGRATION; LOUISIANA; TREND; RIM AB Carbonate lithofacies of the Lower Cretaceous Sligo Formation and James Limestone were regionally evaluated using established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment methodology for undiscovered conventional hydrocarbon resources. The assessed area is within the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite total petroleum system, which was defined for the assessment. Hydrocarbons reservoired in carbonate platform Sligo-James oil and gas accumulations are interpreted to originate primarily from the Jurassic Smackover Formation. Emplacement of hydrocarbons occurred via vertical migration along fault systems; long-range lateral migration also may have occurred in some locations. Primary reservoir fades include porous patch reefs developed over paleostructural salt highs, carbonate shoals, and stacked linear reefs at the carbonate shelf margin. Hydrocarbon traps dominantly are combination structural-stratigraphic. Sealing lithologies include micrite, calcareous shale, and argillaceous lime mudstone. A geologic model, supported by discovery history analysis of petroleum geology data, was used to define a single regional assessment unit (AU) for conventional reservoirs in carbonate facies of the Sligo Formation and James Limestone. The AU is formally entitled Sligo-James Carbonate Platform Oil and Gas (50490121). A fully risked mean undiscovered technically recoverable resource in the AU of 50 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 791 billion cubic feet of natural gas (BCFG), and 26 million barrels of natural gas liquids was estimated. Substantial new development through horizontal drilling has occurred since the time of this assessment (2010), resulting in cumulative production of >200 BCFG and >1 MMBO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; Karlsen, Alexander W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM phackley@usgs.gov OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 EI 1095-998X J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 48 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2013.12.005 PG 10 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA AE5ED UT WOS:000334009700016 ER PT J AU Swanson, KM Drexler, JZ Schoellhamer, DH Thorne, KM Casazza, ML Overton, CT Callaway, JC Takekawa, JY AF Swanson, Kathleen M. Drexler, Judith Z. Schoellhamer, David H. Thorne, Karen M. Casazza, Mike L. Overton, Cory T. Callaway, John C. Takekawa, John Y. TI Wetland Accretion Rate Model of Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) and Its Application to Habitat Sustainability for Endangered Species in the San Francisco Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Accretion; Endangered species; Habitat sustainability; Numerical model; Salt marsh; San Francisco Estuary; Sea-level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RALLUS-LONGIROSTRIS-OBSOLETUS; SALT MARSHES; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; JOAQUIN DELTA; HARVEST MICE; BAY; CALIFORNIA; GROWTH AB Salt marsh faunas are constrained by specific habitat requirements for marsh elevation relative to sea level and tidal range. As sea level rises, changes in relative elevation of the marsh plain will have differing impacts on the availability of habitat for marsh obligate species. The Wetland Accretion Rate Model for Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER) is a 1-D model of elevation that incorporates both biological and physical processes of vertical marsh accretion. Here, we use WARMER to evaluate changes in marsh surface elevation and the impact of these elevation changes on marsh habitat for specific species of concern. Model results were compared to elevation-based habitat criteria developed for marsh vegetation, the endangered California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), and the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) to determine the response of marsh habitat for each species to predicted > 1-m sea-level rise by 2100. Feedback between vertical accretion mechanisms and elevation reduced the effect of initial elevation in the modeled scenarios. Elevation decreased nonlinearly with larger changes in elevation during the latter half of the century when the rate of sea-level rise increased. Model scenarios indicated that changes in elevation will degrade habitat quality within salt marshes in the San Francisco Estuary, and degradation will accelerate in the latter half of the century as the rate of sea-level rise accelerates. A sensitivity analysis of the model results showed that inorganic sediment accumulation and the rate of sea-level rise had the greatest influence over salt marsh sustainability. C1 [Swanson, Kathleen M.; Drexler, Judith Z.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Thorne, Karen M.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Casazza, Mike L.; Overton, Cory T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Callaway, John C.] Univ San Francisco, Dept Environm Sci, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Swanson, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM kathleen.swanson@gmail.com OI Callaway, John/0000-0002-7364-286X; casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change Wildlife Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program; Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE II) project; Delta Science Program FX We would like to thank the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change Wildlife Science Center for providing financial support. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program and the Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE II) project. CASCaDE II is supported by a grant from the Delta Science Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Delta Science Program. This is CASCaDE report #42. Kevin Buffington, Kyle Spragens, Christopher Fuller, and Evyan Borgnis provided valuable guidance and information for the development of this project. Glenn Guntenspergen, Donald Cahoon, Lisa-Marie Wyndham-Myers, and two anonymous referees provided thoughtful reviews that contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. We would like to thank the managers of the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuges, East Bay Regional Parks, Department of Fish and Wildlife Napa-Sonoma Marshes, and China Camp State Park and National Estuarine Research Reserve for permission and logistical support. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply government endorsement. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 67 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 2 BP 476 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9694-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE7II UT WOS:000334170400017 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Lottig, NR Stanley, EH Walker, JF Hanson, PC Finlay, JC Striegl, RG AF Crawford, John T. Lottig, Noah R. Stanley, Emily H. Walker, John F. Hanson, Paul C. Finlay, Jacques C. Striegl, Robert G. TI CO2 and CH4 emissions from streams in a lake-rich landscape: Patterns, controls, and regional significance SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; methane; streams; groundwater; metabolism; upscaling ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; HEADWATER STREAM; PEATLAND-STREAM; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; ALLEQUASH BASIN; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; DIOXIDE; METHANE AB Aquatic ecosystems are important components of landscape carbon budgets. In lake-rich landscapes, both lakes and streams may be important sources of carbon gases (CO2 and CH4) to the atmosphere, but the processes that control gas concentrations and emissions in these interconnected landscapes have not been adequately addressed. We use multiple data sets that vary in their spatial and temporal extent during 2001-2012 to investigate the carbon gas source strength of streams in a lake-rich landscape and to determine the contribution of lakes, metabolism, and groundwater to stream CO2 and CH4. We show that streams emit roughly the same mass of CO2 (23.4 Gg C yr(-1); 0.49mol CO2 m(-2)d(-1)) as lakes at a regional scale (27 Gg C yr(-1)) and that stream CH4 emissions (189Mg C yr(-1); 8.46mmol CH4 m(-2)d(-1)) are an important component of the regional greenhouse gas balance. Gas transfer velocity variability (range=0.34 to 13.5md(-1)) contributed to the variability of gas flux in this landscape. Groundwater inputs and in-stream metabolism control stream gas supersaturation at the landscape scale, while carbon cycling in lakes and deep groundwaters does not control downstream gas emissions. Our results indicate the need to consider connectivity of all aquatic ecosystems (lakes, streams, wetlands, and groundwater) in lake-rich landscapes and their connections with the terrestrial environment in order to understand the full nature of the carbon cycle. Key Points Stream emissions nearly equal lake emissions Groundwater and stream metabolism support CO2 flux Lakes do not significantly affect stream gases C1 [Crawford, John T.; Stanley, Emily H.; Hanson, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crawford, John T.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Ctr Limnol, Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Walker, John F.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Finlay, Jacques C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jtcrawford@wisc.edu RI Finlay, Jacques/B-6081-2011 OI Finlay, Jacques/0000-0002-7968-7030 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0822700]; NTL LTER; U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program FX We thank Alex Johnson and Nick Jordan for conducting much of the fieldwork for this study. Krista Hood and Brent Olson helped maintain field instrumentation and stream gauges. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB-0822700, NTL LTER. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program. Any use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 71 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1002/2013GB004661 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE8PY UT WOS:000334265000002 ER PT J AU Earnhardt, J Velez-Valentin, J Valentin, R Long, S Lynch, C Schowe, K AF Earnhardt, Joanne Velez-Valentin, Jafet Valentin, Ricardo Long, Sarah Lynch, Colleen Schowe, Kate TI The Puerto Rican parrot reintroduction program: Sustainable management of the aviary population SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PopLink; risk analysis; Amazona vitatta; captive population management; ZooRisk ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; SPECIES CONSERVATION; LIMITATIONS; CAPTIVITY; BIOLOGY; WILD AB The cornerstone of the recovery plan for the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vitatta) is an actively managed, long-term reintroduction program. One captive population distributed across two aviaries in Puerto Rico is the sole source for release but its ability to persist as a managed resource has not been evaluated since 1989. We conducted an assessment for sustainable management of the aviary population while harvesting for release. To assess demographic rates such as population growth, vital rates, and age/sex structure, we compiled a studbook database on all living, dead, and released individuals in the aviary population. Using an individual-based risk assessment model we applied population specific data based on the management period from 1993 to 2012 to simulate future aviary population dynamics and evaluate future potential production. We modeled four potential management strategies to harvest parrots for proposed releases; these scenarios vary the number of parrots and the life stage. Our simulations revealed that the aviary population can be simultaneously managed for sustainability and harvesting of parrots for release. However, without cautious management, overharvesting can jeopardize sustainability of the aviary population. Our analysis of the aviary breeding program provides a rare opportunity to review progress relative to conservation program objectives after four decades of active management. The successful growth of the aviary population and its ability to serve as a sustainable source for reintroductions supports the 1973 decision to build a breeding program from a small population of 13 parrots. Zoo Biol. 33:89-98, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. C1 [Earnhardt, Joanne; Schowe, Kate] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Dept Conservat & Sci, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. [Velez-Valentin, Jafet] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rio Grande, PR USA. [Valentin, Ricardo] Puerto Rico Dept Nat & Environm Resources, Ramey Stn, Aguadilla, PR USA. [Long, Sarah] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Dept Conservat & Sci, Populat Management Ctr, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. [Lynch, Colleen] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Anim Care Dept, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. RP Earnhardt, J (reprint author), Lincoln Pk Zoo, Dept Conservat & Sci, 2001 N Clark, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. EM jearnhardt@lpzoo.org NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1002/zoo.21109 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA AE2LV UT WOS:000333805400002 PM 24395187 ER PT J AU Pittman, SE Hart, KM Cherkiss, MS Snow, RW Fujisaki, I Smith, BJ Mazzotti, FJ Dorcas, ME AF Pittman, Shannon E. Hart, Kristen M. Cherkiss, Michael S. Snow, Ray W. Fujisaki, Ikuko Smith, Brian J. Mazzotti, Frank J. Dorcas, Michael E. TI Homing of invasive Burmese pythons in South Florida: evidence for map and compass senses in snakes SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; movement; navigation; snake ID NAVIGATION; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; TRANSLOCATION; AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES AB Navigational ability is a critical component of an animal's spatial ecology and may influence the invasive potential of species. Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) are apex predators invasive to South Florida. We tracked the movements of 12 adult Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, six of which were translocated 21-36 km from their capture locations. Translocated snakes oriented movement homeward relative to the capture location, and five of six snakes returned to within 5 km of the original capture location. Translocated snakes moved straighter and faster than control snakes and displayed movement path structure indicative of oriented movement. This study provides evidence that Burmese pythons have navigational map and compass senses and has implications for predictions of spatial spread and impacts as well as our understanding of reptile cognitive abilities. C1 [Pittman, Shannon E.; Dorcas, Michael E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28036 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.; Cherkiss, Michael S.; Smith, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Cherkiss, Michael S.; Fujisaki, Ikuko; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Snow, Ray W.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL USA. RP Pittman, SE (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28036 USA. EM shpittman@davidson.edu OI Smith, Brian/0000-0002-0531-0492 FU USGS Ecosystems Program; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program; US National Park Service (NPS); Davidson College; University of Florida; Duke Energy; J.E. and Marjorie B. Pittman Foundation, Inc. FX Support provided by USGS Ecosystems Program, USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program, the US National Park Service (NPS), Davidson College, University of Florida, Duke Energy and the J.E. and Marjorie B. Pittman Foundation, Inc. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 104 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 3 AR 20140040 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0040 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AE3TZ UT WOS:000333902400008 PM 24647727 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Allen, CR Angeler, DG Barichievy, C Eason, T Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Knutson, M Nelson, RJ Nystrom, M Stow, CA Sundstrom, SM AF Nash, Kirsty L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. Barichievy, Chris Eason, Tarsha Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Knutson, Melinda Nelson, R. John Nystroem, Magnus Stow, Craig A. Sundstrom, Shana M. TI Discontinuities, cross-scale patterns, and the organization of ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body mass; competition; discontinuity hypothesis; extinction; function; hierarchy theory; invasion; multiple-scale analysis; nonlinear responses; regime shift; resilience ID BODY-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HIERARCHICAL PATCH DYNAMICS; EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BIRD COMMUNITIES; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; CORAL-REEFS; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AB Ecological structures and processes occur at specific spatiotemporal scales, and interactions that occur across multiple scales mediate scale-specific (e.g., individual, community, local, or regional) responses to disturbance. Despite the importance of scale, explicitly incorporating a multi-scale perspective into research and management actions remains a challenge. The discontinuity hypothesis provides a fertile avenue for addressing this problem by linking measureable proxies to inherent scales of structure within ecosystems. Here we outline the conceptual framework underlying discontinuities and review the evidence supporting the discontinuity hypothesis in ecological systems. Next we explore the utility of this approach for understanding cross-scale patterns and the organization of ecosystems by describing recent advances for examining nonlinear responses to disturbance and phenomena such as extinctions, invasions, and resilience. To stimulate new research, we present methods for performing discontinuity analysis, detail outstanding knowledge gaps, and discuss potential approaches for addressing these gaps. C1 [Nash, Kirsty L.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Barichievy, Chris] Ithala Game Reserve, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, ZA-3150 Louwsberg, South Africa. [Barichievy, Chris] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr African Ecol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Nystroem, Magnus] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM nashkirsty@gmail.com RI Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; Nash, Kirsty/B-5456-2015; OI Nash, Kirsty/0000-0003-0976-3197; Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work arose from discussions at the Managing for Resilience Working Group, funded by the United States Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency or the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. GLERL contribution number 1679. NR 124 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 654 EP 667 DI 10.1890/13-1315.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC8ZH UT WOS:000332823100014 PM 24804450 ER PT J AU Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS Hanser, SE Brooks, ML Chambers, JC Grace, JB Knutson, KC Pyke, DA Welty, JL Wirth, TA AF Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. Hanser, Steven E. Brooks, Matthew L. Chambers, Jeanne C. Grace, James B. Knutson, Kevin C. Pyke, David A. Welty, Justin L. Wirth, Troy A. TI Quantifying restoration effectiveness using multi-scale habitat models: implications for sage-grouse in the Great Basin SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Centrocercus urophasianus; Greater Sage-Grouse; habitat management guideline; landscape; occupancy model; rangeland restoration; sagebrush; western USA; wildfire ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; BROMUS-TECTORUM; NESTING HABITAT; NORTH-AMERICA; CONSERVATION; USA; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION AB A recurrent challenge in the conservation of wide-ranging, imperiled species is understanding which habitats to protect and whether we are capable of restoring degraded landscapes. For Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern in the western United States, we approached this problem by developing multi-scale empirical models of occupancy in 211 randomly located plots within a 40 million ha portion of the species' range. We then used these models to predict sage-grouse habitat quality at 826 plots associated with 101 post-wildfire seeding projects implemented from 1990 to 2003. We also compared conditions at restoration sites to published habitat guidelines. Sage-grouse occupancy was positively related to plot- and landscape-level dwarf sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula, A. nova, A. tripartita) and big sagebrush steppe prevalence, and negatively associated with non-native plants and human development. The predicted probability of sage-grouse occupancy at treated plots was low on average (0.09) and not substantially different from burned areas that had not been treated. Restoration sites with quality habitat tended to occur at higher elevation locations with low annual temperatures, high spring precipitation, and high plant diversity. Of 313 plots seeded after fire, none met all sagebrush guidelines for breeding habitats, but approximately 50% met understory guidelines, particularly for perennial grasses. This pattern was similar for summer habitat. Less than 2% of treated plots met winter habitat guidelines. Restoration actions did not increase the probability of burned areas meeting most guideline criteria. The probability of meeting guidelines was influenced by a latitudinal gradient, climate, and topography. Our results suggest that sage-grouse are relatively unlikely to use many burned areas within 20 years of fire, regardless of treatment. Understory habitat conditions are more likely to be adequate than overstory conditions, but in most climates, establishing forbs and reducing cheatgrass dominance is unlikely. Reestablishing sagebrush cover will require more than 20 years using past restoration methods. Given current fire frequencies and restoration capabilities, protection of landscapes containing a mix of dwarf sagebrush and big sagebrush steppe, minimal human development, and low non-native plant cover may provide the best opportunity for conservation of sage-grouse habitats. C1 [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.; Hanser, Steven E.; Welty, Justin L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Oakhurst, CA 93644 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Knutson, Kevin C.; Pyke, David A.; Wirth, Troy A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM rarkle@usgs.gov OI Hanser, Steven/0000-0002-4430-2073 FU Joint Fire Science Program [09-S-02-1]; U.S. Geological Survey project "Environmental Correlates of Greater Sage-Grouse''; U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program (project ID 09-S-02-1), the U.S. Geological Survey project "Environmental Correlates of Greater Sage-Grouse'', and the U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. Numerous field assistants helped collect these data. We thank Steven T. Knick, Daniel J. Manier, and anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 AR 31 DI 10.1890/ES13-00278.1 PG 32 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2IX UT WOS:000333797600008 ER PT J AU Perschon, C Belovsky, GE Naftz, D Baskin, R Luft, J Larson, C Mellison, C Mahon, H Van Leeuwen, J Birdsey, P Paul, D Mosley, R AF Perschon, Clay Belovsky, Gary E. Naftz, David Baskin, Robert Luft, John Larson, Chad Mellison, Chad Mahon, Heidi Van Leeuwen, James Birdsey, Paul Paul, Don Mosley, Ryan TI The Great Salt Lake Ecosystem (Utah, USA): long term data and a structural equation approach: Reply SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Perschon, Clay; Luft, John; Van Leeuwen, James; Birdsey, Paul; Paul, Don; Mosley, Ryan] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Belovsky, Gary E.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Res Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Naftz, David] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Baskin, Robert] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Larson, Chad] Washington Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Mellison, Chad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Mahon, Heidi] Cent Michigan Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Perschon, Clay; Luft, John] Great Salt Lake Ecosyst Program, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Perschon, C (reprint author), Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. EM belovsky.1@nd.edu RI Belovsky, Gary/C-1255-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 AR 37 DI 10.1890/ES13-00406.1 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2IX UT WOS:000333797600014 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Hard, JJ Neely, KG Park, LK Winton, JR Elliott, DG AF Purcell, Maureen K. Hard, Jeffrey J. Neely, Kathleen G. Park, Linda K. Winton, James R. Elliott, Diane G. TI Genetic Variation in Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) Susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and Its Progenitor Population from the Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; SEGREGATION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE AB Mass mortality events in wild fish due to infectious diseases are troubling, especially given the potential for long-term, population-level consequences. Evolutionary theory predicts that populations with sufficient genetic variation will adapt in response to pathogen pressure. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1960s from a Washington State hatchery population. In the late 1980s, collapse of the forage base and nutritional stress in Lake Michigan were thought to contribute to die-offs of Chinook Salmon due to bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously, we demonstrated that Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon from a Wisconsin hatchery have greater survival following BKD challenge relative to their progenitor population. Here, we evaluated whether the phenotypic divergence of these populations in BKD susceptibility was due to selection rather than genetic drift. Comparison of the overall magnitude of quantitative trait to neutral marker divergence between the populations suggested selection had occurred but a direct test of quantitative trait divergence was not significant, preventing the rejection of the null hypothesis of differentiation through genetic drift. Estimates of phenotypic variation (V-P ), additive genetic variation (V-A ) and narrow-sense heritability (h (2)) were consistently higher in the Wisconsin relative to the Washington population. If selection had acted on the Wisconsin population there was no evidence of a concomitant loss of genetic variation in BKD susceptibility. The Renibacterium salmoninarum exposures were conducted at both 14 degrees C and 9 degrees C; the warmer temperature accelerated time to death in both populations and there was no evidence of phenotypic plasticity or a genotype-by-environment (G x E) interaction. High h (2) estimates for BKD susceptibility in the Wisconsin population, combined with a lack of phenotypic plasticity, predicts that future adaptive gains in BKD resistance are still possible and that these adaptive gains would be stable under the temperature range evaluated here. Received October 21, 2013; accepted October 24, 2013 C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Winton, James R.; Elliott, Diane G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.; Neely, Kathleen G.; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2008.966]; U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (Project 2008.966), U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service. The authors acknowledge James C. Woodson, Samantha Badil, Taylor Alton, Rachel L. Thompson, Connie McKibben, Carla Conway, Orlay Johnson, and Jim Myers for assistance. Fish were provided by Susan Marcquenski (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) and Mike Wilson (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). Doug Marsh and Brian Beckman (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) kindly provided PIT tags for use in this study. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08997659.2013.860061 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AE3JW UT WOS:000333873800002 PM 24689954 ER PT J AU Grant, EHC Wiewel, ANM Rice, KC AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell Wiewel, Amber N. M. Rice, Karen C. TI Stream-Water Temperature Limits Occupancy of Salamanders in Mid-Atlantic Protected Areas SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHENANDOAH NATIONAL-PARK; 2-LINED SALAMANDERS; EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; HEADWATER STREAMS; SPATIAL SCALES; AMPHIBIANS; ABUNDANCE; FORESTS; NITRATE; PLETHODONTIDAE AB Stream ecosystems are particularly sensitive to urbanization, and tolerance of water-quality parameters is likely important to population persistence of stream salamanders. Forecasted climate and landscape changes may lead to significant changes in stream flow, chemical composition, and temperatures in coming decades. Protected areas where landscape alterations are minimized will therefore become increasingly important for salamander populations. We surveyed 29 streams at three national parks in the highly urbanized greater metropolitan area of Washington, DC. We investigated relationships among water-quality variables and occupancy of three species of stream salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus, Eurycea bislineata, and Pseudotriton ruber). With the use of a set of site-occupancy models, and accounting for imperfect detection, we found that stream-water temperature limits salamander occupancy. There was substantial uncertainty about the effects of the other water-quality variables, although both specific conductance (SC) and pH were included in competitive models. Our estimates of occupancy suggest that temperature, SC, and pH have some importance in structuring stream salamander distribution. C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Wiewel, Amber N. M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Rice, Karen C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ehgrant@usgs.gov RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 FU National Capital Region Inventory and Monitoring Network of the National Park Service; University of Maryland [R-05-14] FX We appreciate field help by USGS Northeast Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative technicians. We thank NPS resource managers at Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Rock Creek Park and Prince William Forest Park for help with logistics. This project was completed with funding from the National Capital Region Inventory and Monitoring Network of the National Park Service, and completed under IACUC approval R-05-14 of the University of Maryland. This is contribution number 420 of the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) of the USGS. The manuscript was improved with comments from A. Kroll and one anonymous reviewer. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1670/12-138 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AE2BC UT WOS:000333777300008 ER PT J AU Abbey-Lambertz, M Ray, A Layhee, M Densmore, C Sepulveda, A Gross, J Watten, B AF Abbey-Lambertz, Mark Ray, Andrew Layhee, Megan Densmore, Christine Sepulveda, Adam Gross, Jackson Watten, Barnaby TI Suppressing Bullfrog Larvae with Carbon Dioxide SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; RANA-CATESBEIANA; AMERICAN BULLFROG; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; CO2; FROGS; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; TADPOLES; HYPOXIA AB Current management strategies for the control and suppression of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana Shaw) and other invasive amphibians have had minimal effect on their abundance and distribution. This study evaluates the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on pre- and prometamorphic Bullfrog larvae. Bullfrogs are a model organism for evaluating potential suppression agents because they are a successful invader worldwide. From experimental trials we estimated that the 24-h 50% and 99% lethal concentration (LC50 and LC99) values for Bullfrog larvae were 371 and 549 mg CO2/L, respectively. Overall, larvae that succumbed to experimental conditions had a lower body condition index than those that survived. We also documented sublethal changes in blood chemistry during prolonged exposure to elevated CO2. Specifically, blood pH decreased by more than 0.5 pH units after 9 h of exposure and both blood partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and blood glucose increased. These findings suggest that CO2 treatments can be lethal to Bullfrog larvae under controlled laboratory conditions. We believe this work represents the necessary foundation for further consideration of CO2 as a potential suppression agent for one of the most harmful invaders to freshwater ecosystems. C1 [Abbey-Lambertz, Mark; Ray, Andrew; Layhee, Megan; Sepulveda, Adam; Gross, Jackson] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ray, Andrew] Greater Yellowstone Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Densmore, Christine; Watten, Barnaby] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ray, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM andrew_ray@nps.gov FU BLM [L11PG00079]; USGS's Aquatic Invasive Species Fund; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center FX We thank T. Tucker, USGS Leetown Science Center, for support and assistance with this research. Funding for this effort was provided by the BLM (IAA No. L11PG00079) and USGS's Aquatic Invasive Species Fund and the Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center. All work was approved by the Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Institutional Care and Use Committee (authorization number: 110314-JG). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1670/12-126 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AE2BC UT WOS:000333777300010 ER PT J AU Lamont, MM Fujisaki, I AF Lamont, Margaret M. Fujisaki, Ikuko TI Effects of Ocean Temperature on Nesting Phenology and Fecundity of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHELONIA-MYDAS; INTERNESTING INTERVALS; GREEN TURTLE; CONSERVATION; ISLAND AB Ocean temperature is a key determinant of the distribution and phenology of marine life, particularly poikilotherms. We examined effects of ocean temperature on nesting phenology and fecundity for Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the northern Gulf of Mexico using long-term nesting survey data from northwest Florida. The first clutch of the year was deposited earlier when sea surface temperature in months prior to the nesting season was warmer and this resulted in a longer nesting season. Nest abundance and clutch size were associated with the monthly mean temperature just prior to the nesting season, with higher fecundity occurring in warmer years. Higher nest success was associated with higher February temperature and lower May temperature. Median nest date was not associated with monthly temperature prior to the nesting season. Our results provide further details about the impacts of the thermal environment on Loggerhead Sea Turtle life history and suggest that altered ocean temperatures may affect phenology and fecundity of marine poikilotherms. C1 [Lamont, Margaret M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Lamont, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mmlamont@mindspring.com FU Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base (EAFB) FX The Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base (EAFB) provided funding for this project. We are especially grateful to B. Hagedorn, B. Miller, and K. Gault from EAFB for their continued support. We acknowledge M. Schaefbauer, E. McMichael, R. Scarpino, and B. Stephens for overseeing field duties and the countless interns who have assisted in data collection. This work was conducted under the State of Florida Marine Turtle Permit 094 issued to R. Carthy. All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to the University of Florida's Institutional Animal Care Protocols (IACUC-A621). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 55 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1670/12-217 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AE2BC UT WOS:000333777300014 ER PT J AU Ballerini, T Hofmann, EE Ainley, DG Daly, K Marrari, M Ribic, CA Smith, WO Steele, JH AF Ballerini, Tosca Hofmann, Eileen E. Ainley, David G. Daly, Kendra Marrari, Marina Ribic, Christine A. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Steele, John H. TI Productivity and linkages of the food web of the southern region of the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; SEALS LOBODON-CARCINOPHAGUS; EASTERN ATLANTIC SECTOR; CRAB-EATER SEAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARGUERITE BAY; ROSS SEA; WEDDELL SEALS; OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS AB The productivity and linkages in the food web of the southern region of the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf were investigated using a multi-trophic level mass balance model. Data collected during the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics field program were combined with data from the literature on the abundance and diet composition of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals to calculate energy flows in the food web and to infer the overall food web structure at the annual level. Sensitivity analyses investigated the effects of variability in growth and biomass of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and in the biomass of Antarctic krill predators on the structure and energy fluxes in the food web. Scenario simulations provided insights into the potential responses of the food web to a reduced contribution of large phytoplankton (diatom) production to total primary production, and to reduced consumption of primary production by Antarctic krill and mesozooplankton coincident with increased consumption by microzooplankton and salps. Model-derived estimates of primary production were 187-207 g C m(-2) y(-1), which are consistent with observed values (47-351 g C m(-2) y(-1)). Simulations showed that Antarctic krill provide the majority of energy needed to sustain seabird and marine mammal production, thereby exerting a bottom-up control on higher trophic level predators. Energy transfer to top predators via mesozooplanton was a less efficient pathway, and salps were a production loss pathway because little of the primary production they consumed was passed to higher trophic levels. Increased predominance of small phytoplankton (nanoflagellates and cryptophytes) reduced the production of Antarctic krill and of its predators, including seabirds and seals. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ballerini, Tosca; Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23528 USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. [Daly, Kendra; Marrari, Marina] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Smith, Walker O., Jr.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Steele, John H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ballerini, T (reprint author), Univ Toulon & Var, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS INSU, IRD,MIO,UM 110, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. EM toscaballerini@gmail.com FU NSF [OCE-0814584, ANT-0944411, OCE-0814406, OCE-0814405] FX Support for T. Ballerini and E. Hofmann was provided by NSF Grant OCE-0814584, for D. Ainley by ANT-0944411 and OCE-0814406, for C. Ribic by OCE-0814406. K. Daly and M. Marrari were supported by NSF Grant OCE-0814405. This study is a contribution to the US GLOBEC synthesis and integration effort. We thank S. Strom for expertise on microzooplankton and J. Ruzicka for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Three anonymous referees made useful and constructive suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement for use by the U.S. Government. NR 177 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 82 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 122 BP 10 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.007 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE5CT UT WOS:000334006100002 ER PT J AU Sieges, ML Smolinsky, JA Baldwin, MJ Barrow, WC Randall, LA Buler, JJ AF Sieges, Mason L. Smolinsky, Jaclyn A. Baldwin, Michael J. Barrow, Wylie C., Jr. Randall, Lori A. Buler, Jeffrey J. TI Assessment of Bird Response to the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative Using Weather-Surveillance Radar SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; RICE FIELDS; SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; AGRICULTURAL WETLANDS; WINTERING WATERFOWL; SPRING MIGRATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; GREAT-LAKES; RED KNOTS AB In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in spring 2010, the Natural Resources Conservation Service implemented the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative (MBHI) to provide temporary wetland habitat for migrating and wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, and other birds along the northern Gulf of Mexico via managed flooding of agricultural lands. We used weather-surveillance radar to conduct broad regional assessments of bird response to MBHI activities within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Across both regions, birds responded positively to MBHI management by exhibiting greater relative bird densities within sites relative to pre-management conditions in prior years and relative to surrounding non-flooded agricultural lands. Bird density at MBHI sites was generally greatest during winter for both regions. Unusually high flooding in the years prior to implementation of the MBHI confounded detection of overall changes in remotely sensed soil wetness across sites. The magnitude of bird response at MBHI sites compared to prior years and to non-flooded agricultural lands was generally related to the surrounding landscape context: proximity to areas of high bird density, amount of forested wetlands, emergent marsh, non-flooded agriculture, or permanent open water. However, these relationships varied in strength and direction between regions and seasons, a finding which we attribute to differences in seasonal bird composition and broad regional differences in landscape configuration and composition. We detected greater increases in relative bird use at sites in closer proximity to areas of high bird density during winter in both regions. Additionally, bird density was greater during winter at sites with more emergent marsh in the surrounding landscape. Thus, bird use of managed wetlands could be maximized by enrolling lands located near areas of known bird concentration and within a mosaic of existing wetlands. Weather-radar observations provide strong evidence that MBHI sites located inland from coastal wetlands impacted by the oil spill provided wetland habitat used by a variety of birds. C1 [Sieges, Mason L.; Smolinsky, Jaclyn A.; Buler, Jeffrey J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Baldwin, Michael J.; Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.; Randall, Lori A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Buler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, 531 South Coll Ave, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jbuler@udel.edu RI Baldwin, Michael/G-9965-2014; OI Baldwin, Michael/0000-0002-7865-6590; Buler, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2696-847X FU Natural Resources Conservation Service FX We thank the Natural Resources Conservation Service for funding. The following personnel from the NRCS provided geospatial data, management activity, and/or other related information on MBHI fields: J. Pitre, R. Cheveallier, F. Chapman, S. Romero, B. Lyons, J. Haller, C. Stemmons, J. Baker, G. Clardy, R. Castro, G. Barnett, D. Manthei. P. Stewart, and R. Villarreal. We also thank J Gautreaux, R. Lyon. and D. Greene for screening radar data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 43 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 BP G36 EP G65 DI 10.1656/058.013.0112 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE3QN UT WOS:000333891100002 ER PT J AU Swink, WD Johnson, NS AF Swink, William D. Johnson, Nicholas S. TI Growth and Survival of Sea Lampreys from Metamorphosis to Spawning in Lake Huron SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SELECTION; FISHES; PHASE AB Larval Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus live burrowed in stream bottoms and then metamorphose into their parasitic stage. Among larvae that metamorphose in a given year (i.e., parasitic cohort), autumn out-migrants (October-December) to the Laurentian Great Lakes can feed on fish for up to 6 months longer than spring out-migrants (March-May), which overwinter in streams without feeding. We evaluated whether the season of out-migration affected growth or survival of newly metamorphosed Sea Lampreys in Lake Huron. Newly metamorphosed individuals (n = 2,718) from three parasitic cohorts were netted during their out-migration from Black Mallard Creek, Michigan, to Lake Huron during autumn 1997 through spring 2000; each out-migrant was injected with a sequentially numbered coded wire tag and was released back into the creek. After up to 18 months of feeding in the Great Lakes, 224 (8.2%) Sea Lampreys were recaptured (in 1999-2001) as upstream-migrating adults in tributaries to Lakes Huron and Michigan. Recovery rates of autumn and spring out-migrants as adults were 9.4% and 7.8%, respectively, and these rates did not significantly differ. Overwinter feeding (i.e., as parasites) by autumn out-migrants did not produce adult mean sizes greater than those of spring out-migrants. Because we detected no growth or survival differences between autumn and spring out-migrants, the capture of newly metamorphosed Sea Lampreys at any point during their out-migration should provide equal reductions in damage to Great Lakes fisheries. The absence of a difference in growth or survival between autumn and spring out-migrants is an aspect of Sea Lamprey life history that yields resiliency to this invasive parasite and complicates efforts for its control in the Great Lakes. Received August 2, 2013; accepted October 26, 2013 C1 [Swink, William D.; Johnson, Nicholas S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862182 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800007 ER PT J AU Ray, RA Perry, RW Som, NA Bartholomew, JL AF Ray, R. Adam Perry, Russell W. Som, Nicholas A. Bartholomew, Jerri L. TI Using Cure Models for Analyzing the Influence of Pathogens on Salmon Survival SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARASITE CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMNARIS INFECTION; WATER TEMPERATURE; STEELHEAD TROUT; CHUM SALMON; HOST; RIVER AB Parasites and pathogens influence the size and stability of wildlife populations, yet many population models ignore the population-level effects of pathogens. Standard survival analysis methods (e.g., accelerated failure time models) are used to assess how survival rates are influenced by disease. However, they assume that each individual is equally susceptible and will eventually experience the event of interest; this assumption is not typically satisfied with regard to pathogens of wildlife populations. In contrast, mixture cure models, which comprise logistic regression and survival analysis components, allow for different covariates to be entered into each part of the model and provide better predictions of survival when a fraction of the population is expected to survive a disease outbreak. We fitted mixture cure models to the host-pathogen dynamics of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch and the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta. Total parasite concentration, water temperature, and discharge were used as covariates to predict the observed parasite-induced mortality in juvenile salmonids collected as part of a long-term monitoring program in the Klamath River, California. The mixture cure models predicted the observed total mortality well, but some of the variability in observed mortality rates was not captured by the models. Parasite concentration and water temperature were positively associated with total mortality and the mortality rate of both Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon. Discharge was positively associated with total mortality for both species but only affected the mortality rate for Coho Salmon. The mixture cure models provide insights into how daily survival rates change over time in Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon after they become infected with C. shasta. Received August 5, 2013; accepted October 26, 2013 C1 [Ray, R. Adam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Perry, Russell W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Som, Nicholas A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bartholomew, Jerri L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall,2820 Southwest Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation [R09AC20022]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation through Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit [3FC810873] FX We thank Julie Alexander for providing feedback and support in the development and analysis of the models. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USGS or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This project was supported by funding from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation through Cooperative Agreement R09AC20022, Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit 3FC810873. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862183 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800008 ER PT J AU Penney, ZL Moffitt, CM AF Penney, Zachary L. Moffitt, Christine M. TI Proximate Composition and Energy Density of Stream-Maturing Adult Steelhead during Upstream Migration, Sexual Maturity, and Kelt Emigration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; FEMALE ATLANTIC SALMON; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SUMMER-RUN STEELHEAD; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPAWNING MIGRATION AB In anadromous salmonids, muscle tissue provides the primary source of energy to support spawning migrations and spawning. We examined changes in the lipid content, protein content, and energy density of white muscle collected from stream-maturing Snake River-Columbia River steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss during several phases of reproduction. At a basinwide scale, we estimated that between early freshwater entry and postspawning (kelt) emigration, the lipid content of white muscle was reduced by 94% to levels less than 1% of wet tissue weight. Lipid was depleted more rapidly than protein during the reproductive cycle and afterward provided the only remaining somatic energy source for the postspawning migration. We found that protein content was consistently higher in sexually mature male steelhead than in females, suggesting that energy allocation prior to reproduction varies between the sexes. In kelts, the lipid content, protein content, and energy density of white muscle were significantly higher in good-condition individuals than in poor-condition fish. Fork length was positively correlated with both protein content and energy density in kelts, suggesting that larger kelts have higher somatic energy than smaller kelts. We found no evidence of significant interannual variation in lipid, protein, and energy density of sexually mature steelhead and steelhead kelts. Postspawning survival of steelhead is likely limited by the low energy density of kelts, and our data lend support to observations of low iteroparity rates in this and other populations of inland stream-maturing steelhead. Received August 7, 2013; accepted October 26, 2013 C1 [Penney, Zachary L.; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu FU Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration [2007-401-00]; University of Idaho FX Funding for this study was provided by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission through the Columbia Basin Fish Accords partnership with the Bonneville Power Administration (under Project 2007-401-00; Doug Hatch, project manager). Staff at Dworshak National Fish Hatchery provided permission and cooperation for sampling. We are grateful to the following persons for generously providing fish and assisting with collections from tribal fisheries: Bobby Begay and family; the Columbia River Zone 6 tribal fishery; and the Penney, Samuels, and Taylor families (Salmon River). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Nez Perce Tribe provided assistance with sampling of migrating kelts at Lower Granite Dam. Additional sampling and processing were provided by Boling Sun, Jessica Buelow, Kala Hamilton, Andrew Pape, William Schrader, Joe Evavold, Jon Treasure, Brad Ryan, and Bryan Jones. Carol Hoffman and Ron Hardy (Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station) provided assistance with analysis and interpretation of samples. We thank Tim Copeland and two anonymous reviewers for their assistance with earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study was performed under the auspices of University of Idaho Protocol Number 2009-10. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862184 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800009 ER PT J AU Pope, KL Allen, CR Angeler, DG AF Pope, Kevin L. Allen, Craig R. Angeler, David G. TI Fishing for Resilience SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; TEMPORAL SCALES; REGIME SHIFTS; LAKES; INFORMATION; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE AB Management approaches that focus on social-ecological systems-systems comprised of ecosystems, landscapes, and humans-are needed to secure the sustainability of inland recreational fisheries without jeopardizing the integrity of the underlying social and ecological components. Resilience management can be useful because it focuses on providing recreational capacity for fishermen under a variety of conditions while assuring that the social-ecological system is not pushed to a critical threshold that would result in a new, undesired system regime. Resilience management is based on a system perspective that accounts for the possible regimes a system could manifest. It aims to enhance system properties that allow continued maintenance of the system in a desired regime in which multiple goods and services, including recreational capacity, are provided. In this forum paper, we provide an overview of the potential of a resilience approach to the management of recreational fisheries and highlight the scientific and administrative challenges to its successful implementation. Received October 30, 2012; accepted January 2, 2014 C1 [Pope, Kevin L.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pope, Kevin L.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM kpope2@unl.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 FU August T. Larsson Foundation of the Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; U.S. Geological Survey's Powell Center; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX The authors acknowledge the support of the August T. Larsson Foundation of the Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Additional funding from the U.S. Geological Survey's Powell Center is also acknowledged. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were improved by comments provided by S. Bonar, J. Cinner, and one anonymous reviewer. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 106 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 467 EP 478 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.880735 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800014 ER PT J AU Ivasauskas, TJ Bettoli, PW AF Ivasauskas, Tomas J. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Development of a Multimetric Index for Fish Assemblages in a Cold Tailwater in Tennessee SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; STREAMS; RIVERS; GRADIENT; USA AB Tailwaters downstream of hypolimnetic-release hydropeaking dams exhibit a unique combination of stressors that affects the structure and function of resident fish assemblages. We developed a statistically and biologically defensible multimetric index of fish assemblages for the Caney Fork River below Center Hill Dam, Tennessee. Fish assemblages were sampled at five sites using boat-mounted and backpack electrofishing gear from fall 2009 through summer 2011. A multivariate statistical approach was used to select metrics that best reflected the downstream gradients in abiotic variables. Five metrics derived from boat electrofishing samples and four metrics derived from backpack electrofishing samples were selected for incorporation into the index based on their high correlation with environmental data. The nine metrics demonstrated predictable patterns of increase or decrease with increasing distance downstream of the dam. The multimetric index generally exhibited a pattern of increasing scores with increasing distance from the dam, indicating a downstream recovery gradient in fish assemblage composition. The index can be used to monitor anticipated changes in the fish communities of the Caney Fork River when repairs to Center Hill Dam are completed later this decade, resulting in altered dam operations. Received July 25, 2013; accepted November 12, 2013 C1 [Ivasauskas, Tomas J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Ivasauskas, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tjivasau@ncsu.edu FU USACE; Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University; Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Technological University FX Primary funding for this research was provided by the USACE. Additional funding and support were provided by the Center for the Management, Utilization, and Protection of Water Resources at Tennessee Technological University and by the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and Tennessee Technological University. This manuscript benefited from the constructive comments offered by S. Miranda and three anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.866982 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800017 ER PT J AU Kiraly, IA Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Hayes, D AF Kiraly, Ian A. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph Hayes, Daniel TI Comparison of Two Sampling Designs for Fish Assemblage Assessment in a Large River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BOATABLE RIVERS; STREAM-FISH; MACROINVERTEBRATE; EXTRAPOLATION; PERFORMANCE; ESTIMATORS; DISTANCE; CURVES; WATERS AB We compared the efficiency of stratified random and fixed-station sampling designs to characterize fish assemblages in anticipation of dam removal on the Penobscot River, the largest river in Maine. We used boat electrofishing methods in both sampling designs. Multiple 500-m transects were selected randomly and electrofished in each of nine strata within the stratified random sampling design. Within the fixed-station design, up to 11 transects (1,000m) were electrofished, all of which had been sampled previously. In total, 88km of shoreline were electrofished during summer and fall in 2010 and 2011, and 45,874 individuals of 34 fish species were captured. Species-accumulation and dissimilarity curve analyses indicated that all sampling effort, other than fall 2011 under the fixed-station design, provided repeatable estimates of total species richness and proportional abundances. Overall, our sampling designs were similar in precision and efficiency for sampling fish assemblages. The fixed-station design was negatively biased for estimating the abundance of species such as Common Shiner Luxilus cornutus and Fallfish Semotilus corporalis and was positively biased for estimating biomass for species such as White Sucker Catostomus commersonii and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. However, we found no significant differences between the designs for proportional catch and biomass per unit effort, except in fall 2011. The difference observed in fall 2011 was due to limitations on the number and location of fixed sites that could be sampled, rather than an inherent bias within the design. Given the results from sampling in the Penobscot River, application of the stratified random design is preferable to the fixed-station design due to less potential for bias caused by varying sampling effort, such as what occurred in the fall 2011 fixed-station sample or due to purposeful site selection. Received July 21, 2013; accepted November 6, 2013 C1 [Kiraly, Ian A.; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.; Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hayes, Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kiraly, IA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ian.kiraly@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Restoration Center through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; University of Maine; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME08367-08H] FX We thank the collaborators and those who assisted with this project: field technicians from the University of Maine, including Silas Ratten, Ryan Haley, Morgan Burke, Ethan Lamb, Rich May, and Greg Labonte; volunteers and alternate field help, including Phill Dionne, Ann Grote, Rob Hogg, Meghan Nelson, Megan Patridge, Phill Adams, Jake Poirier, Imre Kormendy, Margo Relford, and Marius Mutel; the Penobscot River Restoration Trust, including Charlie Baeder, Blaine Kopp, Cheryl Daigle, and George Aponte-Clark; the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, including Jason Seiders, Scott Davis, Joe Dembeck, Merry Gallagher, and Peter Bourque, the Maine Department of Marine Resources, including Joan Trial and Oliver Cox; Rory Saunders of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Joshua Royte of the Nature Conservancy; and Brandon Kulik of the Kleinschmidt Associates. We also thank John Achramowicz for fabricating the metalwork on our electrofishing boats, the Penobscot Indian Nation for providing us with permitting and access to tribal waters, and private landowners who allowed us to launch boats from their property. We also thank Walter Keller, two anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor for critiques that improved the quality of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by an award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Restoration Center through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Penobscot River Restoration Trust, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or any of their Members or subagencies. This work was also supported in part by the University of Maine, the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund. Sampling was conducted under IACUC protocol numbers A2005-08-01 and A2011-06-04. This work is Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3359 and is based on research supported in part by Hatch Grant Number ME08367-08H from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 508 EP 518 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.864706 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800018 ER PT J AU Durst, SL Franssen, NR AF Durst, Scott L. Franssen, Nathan R. TI Movement and Growth of Juvenile Colorado Pikeminnows in the San Juan River, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTIONS; PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; HABITAT SELECTION; STREAM SALMONIDS; PREDATION RISK; FLOW REGIME; SQUAWFISH; SURVIVAL; FISH AB Understanding patterns of animal distribution and abundance based on their movements is important to identify the habitats and factors that maximize growth and reproductive success. Despite stocking age-0 hatchery-reared Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius for over 10years in the San Juan River of Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, the population consists primarily of stocked juveniles; adults remain rare. We investigated seasonal movement and growth of juvenile Colorado Pikeminnows in the San Juan River from 2009 to 2012 to inform recovery efforts throughout the Colorado River basin. Our results indicated fish made long-distance upstream movements from spring to summer while moving back downstream over winter. Seasonal movements may be associated with maximizing growth along longitudinal and seasonal temperature regimes. Length-at-age relationships reveal Colorado Pikeminnows in the San Juan River were larger than individuals of the same age in other populations in the upper Colorado River basin. While warmer water temperatures may have played some role in the larger lengths at age we observed, the hatchery-reared fish that are stocked at age 0 are probably larger than their wild-spawned counterparts of the same age. Variation in growth rates among size-classes indicates small Colorado Pikeminnows (<200mm TL) had slower growth rates than larger individuals in the San Juan River, suggesting a possible resource limitation for smaller juvenile fish. Understanding how seasonal movement and growth of all life stages of Colorado Pikeminnow interact with modified river systems will be important for population conservation and recovery efforts in the upper Colorado River basin. Received July 10, 2013; accepted November 14, 2013 C1 [Durst, Scott L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Franssen, Nathan R.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Durst, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementat Program, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM scott_durst@fws.gov FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah FX We thank the staff from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junction, Colorado; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Moab, Utah; Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife, Window Rock, Arizona; Miller Ecological Consultants, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Keller-Bliesner Engineering, Logan, Utah, for their assistance and dedication that made this project possible. Funding for this work was provided through authorizing legislation for the San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementation Program administered by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah. This article reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank K. Gido, D. Propst, T. Turner, and M. Dela Cruz for thoughtful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.869258 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800019 ER PT J AU Grote, AB Bailey, MM Zydlewski, JD AF Grote, Ann B. Bailey, Michael M. Zydlewski, Joseph D. TI Movements and Demography of Spawning American Shad in the Penobscot River, Maine, prior to Dam Removal SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-HEAD DAM; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; FRESH-WATER; ATLANTIC SALMON; MIGRATION; HABITAT; FISH; POPULATION; SEAWATER; BEHAVIOR AB We conducted a baseline study to better understand the migratory movements and age and spawning histories of American Shad Alosa sapidissima in the Penobscot River, Maine. The Penobscot River is currently undergoing a major dam removal project that is focused on restoring migratory connectivity and recovering diadromous fish populations including American Shad. This study addresses key data gaps for a previously unstudied native population of shad prior to restoration. A combination of radio- (n = 70) and acoustic telemetry (n = 14) was used to investigate the movements of migratory adult fish in 2010 and 2011. Scale-based analyses were used to assess spawner age and iteroparity. Radiotelemetry results indicated that few tagged fish (5-8%) approached the head-of-tide dam. Tagged fish exhibited three general patterns of movement in the accessible freshwater river habitat: use of the upper river reach, the lower river reach, or both. Mean freshwater residence time ranged from 9.1 to 14.0 d. Congregating fish were observed at two sites in the upper river reach and spawning activity was observed. Freshwater survival and survival to the estuary were at least 71%. This observed high survival was consistent with the estimated age and spawning histories of tracked fish, which indicated that 75-95% of the sampled fish were repeat spawners. Estimated age of adult migrants ranged from age 4 to age 9. Postspawning acoustic-tagged American Shad exhibited a series of prolonged upstream and downstream reversals upon entering the lower estuary. These movements have been previously unreported, and suggest that estuarine residency after spawning is important to osmoregulatory acclimatization for re-entry into salt water and the resumption of postspawning feeding activity. Received June 10, 2013; accepted November 5, 2013 C1 [Grote, Ann B.; Bailey, Michael M.; Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bailey, Michael M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cent New England Fishery Resources Off, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph D.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Zydlewski, JD (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall,Room 210, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov FU Nature Conservancy; University of Maine, NOAA Fisheries; U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Brookfield Power FX Financial support was provided by the Nature Conservancy, the University of Maine, NOAA Fisheries, the U.S. Geological Survey Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Brookfield Power. Black Bear Hydro Partners LLC, Dynegy, the City of Bangor Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Penobscot River Salmon Club, Cianbro, and the Pate family of Orrington all graciously granted us access to their property. We thank John Kocik, Graham Goulette, Jim Hawkes (NOAA Fisheries), Daniel Stich, Gayle Zydlewski, Matthew Altenritter, and Matthew Wegener (University of Maine) for their efforts installing and maintaining the Penobscot River acoustic receiver array. Alex Haro and Steve Walk loaned us valuable equipment and entrusted us with the U.S. Geological Survey electrofishing boat. Daniel Harrison and Joseph Hightower both gave generously of their time as reviewers, and their input greatly improved this manuscript. Sampling was conducted under University of Maine's Institution Animal Care and Use Committee protocol number A2011-06-05. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 47 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 2 BP 552 EP 563 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.864705 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE3NI UT WOS:000333882800022 ER PT J AU Patino, R Dawson, D VanLandeghem, MM AF Patino, Reynaldo Dawson, Dan VanLandeghem, Matthew M. TI Retrospective analysis of associations between water quality and toxic blooms of golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) in Texas reservoirs: Implications for understanding dispersal mechanisms and impacts of climate change SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal bloom; Inland waters; Range expansion; Salinity; Water quality trends ID HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FRESH-WATER; LAKE; FISH; SALINITY; USA; SALINIZATION; HAPTOPHYTE AB Toxic blooms of golden alga (GA, Prymnesium parvum) in Texas typically occur in winter or early spring. In North America, they were first reported in Texas in the 1980s, and a marked range expansion occurred in 2001. Although there is concern about the influence of climate change on the future distribution of GA, factors responsible for past dispersals remain uncertain. To better understand the factors that influence toxic bloom dispersal in reservoirs, this study characterized reservoir water quality associated with toxic GA blooms since 2001, and examined trends in water quality during a 20-year period bracketing the 2001 expansion. Archived data were analyzed for six impacted and six nonimpacted reservoirs from two major Texas basins: Brazos River and Colorado River. Data were simplified for analysis by pooling spatially (across sampling stations) and temporally (winter, December-February) within reservoirs and generating depth-corrected (1 m) monthly values. Classification tree analysis [period of record (POR), 2001-2010] using salinity-associated variables (specific conductance, chloride, sulfate), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, total hardness, potassium, nitrate+nitrite, and total phosphorus indicated that salinity best predicts the toxic bloom occurrence. Minimum estimated salinities for toxic bloom formation were 0.59 and 1.02 psu in Brazos and Colorado River reservoirs, respectively. Principal component analysis (POR, 2001-2010) indicated that GA habitat is best defined by higher salinity relative to nonimpacted reservoirs, with winter DO and pH also being slightly higher and winter temperature slightly lower in impacted reservoirs. Trend analysis, however, did not reveal monotonic changes in winter water quality of GA-impacted reservoirs during the 20-year period (1991-2010) bracketing the 2001 dispersal. Therefore, whereas minimum levels of salinity are required for GA establishment and toxic blooms in Texas reservoirs, the lack of trends in water quality suggests that conditions favorable for toxic blooms pre-date the 2001 expansion. These observations are consistent with a climate change-independent scenario of past GA dispersals in Texas reservoirs driven by novel introductions into pre-existing favorable habitat. Reports of latent GA populations in certain nonimpacted reservoirs, however, provide a plausible scenario of future dispersals characterized by prolonged periods between colonization and toxic bloom development and driven by changes in water quality, natural, or anthropogenic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo; VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dawson, Dan; VanLandeghem, Matthew M.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Patino, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu FU US Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center; US Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Wildlife Management Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Useful comments on a draft manuscript were provided by Drs. Stephen Cox, Keith Loftin, and Dan Roelke. This study was funded by the US Geological Survey's Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. The Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by US Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.[SS] NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.12.006 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3CO UT WOS:000333854800001 ER PT J AU Fitterman, DV AF Fitterman, David V. TI Mapping Saltwater Intrusion in the Biscayne Aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida using Transient Electromagnetic Sounding SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Saltwater intrusion in southern Florida poses a potential threat to the public drinking-water supply that is typically monitored using water samples and electromagnetic induction logs collected from a network of wells. Transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings are a complementary addition to the monitoring program because of their ease of use, low cost, and ability to fill in data gaps between wells. TEM soundings have been used to map saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer over a large part of south Florida including eastern Miami-Dade County and the Everglades. These two areas are very different with one being urban and the other undeveloped. Each poses different conditions that affect data collection and data quality. In the developed areas, finding sites large enough to make soundings is difficult. The presence of underground pipes further restricts useable locations. Electromagnetic noise, which reduces data quality, is also an issue. In the Everglades, access to field sites is difficult and working in water-covered terrain is challenging. Nonetheless, TEM soundings are an effective tool for mapping saltwater intrusion. Direct estimates of water quality can be obtained from the inverted TEM data using a formation factor determined for the Biscayne aquifer. This formation factor is remarkably constant over Miami-Dade County owing to the uniformity of the aquifer and the absence of clay. Thirty-six TEM soundings were collected in the Model Land area of southeast Miami-Dade County to aid in calibration of a helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) survey. The soundings and HEM survey revealed an area of saltwater intrusion aligned with canals and drainage ditches along U.S. Highway 1 and the Card Sound Road. These canals and ditches likely reduced freshwater levels through unregulated drainage and provided pathways for seawater to flow at least 12.4 km inland. C1 US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fitterman, DV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dfitterman@alum.mit.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 SI SI BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.2113/JEEG19.1.33 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA AD8GU UT WOS:000333505300004 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, MN Edge, TA Whitman, RL AF Nevers, Meredith B. Byappanahalli, Murulee N. Edge, Thomas A. Whitman, Richard L. TI Beach science in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Health risk; Environmental microbiology; Coastal; Indicator bacteria; Modeling ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; PROTEIN ESP GENE; CLADOPHORA-GLOMERATA CHLOROPHYTA; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ST-CLAIR RIVER; FRESH-WATER; MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION; NEARSHORE WATER AB Monitoring beach waters for human health has led to an increase and evolution of science in the Great Lakes, which includes microbiology, limnology, hydrology, meteorology, epidemiology, and metagenomics, among others. In recent years, concerns over the accuracy of water quality standards at protecting human health have led to a significant interest in understanding the risk associated with water contact in both freshwater and marine environments. Historically, surface waters have been monitored for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci), but shortcomings of the analytical test (lengthy assay) have resulted in a re-focusing of scientific efforts to improve public health protection. Research has led to the discovery of widespread populations of fecal indicator bacteria present in natural habitats such as soils, beach sand, and stranded algae. Microbial source tracking has been used to identify the source of these bacteria and subsequently assess their impact on human health. As a result of many findings, attempts have been made to improve monitoring efficiency and efficacy with the use of empirical predictive models and molecular rapid tests. All along, beach managers have actively incorporated new findings into their monitoring programs. With the abundance of research conducted and information gained over the last 25 years, "Beach Science" has emerged, and the Great Lakes have been a focal point for much of the ground-breaking work. Here, we review the accumulated research on microbiological water quality of Great Lakes beaches and provide a historic context to the collaborative efforts that have advanced this emerging science. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Nevers, Meredith B.; Byappanahalli, Murulee N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Edge, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 FU U.S. EPA through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Over the years, the authors of this manuscript have worked with a number of organizations, including cities and municipalities, state and federal agencies, as well as academic institutions throughout the Great Lakes. We appreciate the support received from our partners and collaborators. Thank you to Kasia Przybyla-Kelly and Peter Esselman for their thoughtful reviews and comments. This work was funded in part by an interagency grant from U.S. EPA through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This article is Contribution 1812 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 172 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.011 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100001 ER PT J AU Schloesser, DW Robbins, JA Matisoff, G Nalepa, TF Morehead, NR AF Schloesser, Don W. Robbins, John A. Matisoff, Gerald Nalepa, Thomas F. Morehead, Nancy R. TI A 200 year chronology of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Saginaw Bay SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mayflies; Mayfly tusks; Saginaw Bay; Chronology; Radionuclides; Lake Huron ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; HURON; POPULATION; SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY; PB-210; CS-137 AB After an absence of 50 years, burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) colonized western Lake Erie which led to interest in whether this fauna can be used to measure recovery in nearshore waters throughout the Great Lakes. However, in many areas we do not know if mayflies were native/endemic and thus, whether recovery is a logical measure to assess progress of recovery. In the present study, we construct a chronologic record of relative abundance of burrowing mayflies in Saginaw Bay by the use of mayfly tusks and radionuclides in sediments (i.e., a paleoecologic record) and historic records of mayfly nymphs in the bay. These records reveal that mayflies: (1) were few before 1799, which indicates that nymphs were probably native/endemic in the bay, (2) increased between 1799 and 1807 and remained at relatively high levels between 1807 and 1965, probably in response to increased nutrient run-off from the watershed, (3) declined dramatically between 1965 and 1973, probably as a result of excessive eutrophication in the mid-1950s; and, (4) were few and highly variable between 1973 and 2001, probably as a result of low and unstable abundances of mayfly nymphs. Historic records verify that nymphs disappeared in the bay in the late-1950s to early-1960s which is in agreement with the paleoecologic record. Reoccurrence of low abundances of nymphs in the bay between 1991 and 2008 and comparison of chronologic records of nymphs in Saginaw Bay and western Lake Erie suggest that mayflies may return to Saginaw Bay in the early-21st century. Undoubtedly, watershed conservation and three decades of pollution abatement have set the stage for a recovery of burrowing mayflies in Saginaw Bay, and possibly in other areas of the Great Lakes. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Schloesser, Don W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Robbins, John A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.; Morehead, Nancy R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Matisoff, Gerald] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Schloesser, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dschloesser@usgs.gov; drjarobbins@gmail.com; gerald.matisoff@case.edu OI Morehead, Nancy/0000-0003-3859-3035 NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100009 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, James H. TI Habitat use by subyearling Chinook and coho salmon in Lake Ontario tributaries SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Chinook salmon; Coho salmon; Lake Ontario ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA STREAM; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; NEW-YORK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STEELHEAD TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; JUVENILE; RIVER AB The habitat use of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was examined in three tributaries of Lake Ontario. A total of 1781 habitat observations were made on Chinook salmon (698) and coho salmon (1083). During both spring and fall, subyearling coho salmon used pool habitat with abundant cover. During spring, principal component analysis revealed that water depth was the most important variable governing subyearling Chinook salmon habitat use. Substrate materials used by Chinook salmon in the spring and coho salmon in the fall were significantly smaller than were present on average within the study reaches. When the two species occurred sympatrically during spring they exhibited similar habitat selection. Although the habitat used by coho salmon in Lake Ontario tributaries was consistent with observations of habitat use in their native range, higher water velocities were less important to Chinook salmon than has previously been reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100015 ER PT J AU Johnson, NS Swink, WD Brenden, TO Slade, JW Steeves, TB Fodale, MF Jones, ML AF Johnson, Nicholas S. Swink, William D. Brenden, Travis O. Slade, Jeffrey W. Steeves, Todd B. Fodale, Michael F. Jones, Michael L. TI Survival and metamorphosis of low-density populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in streams following lampricide treatment SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Larval; Survival; Metamorphosis; Petromyzon marinus; Tag-recovery ID GREAT-LAKES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; RECAPTURE; MODELS; LENGTH; HURON; AGE AB Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus control in the Great Lakes primarily involves application of lampricides to streams where larval production occurs to kill larvae prior to their metamorphosing and entering the lakes as parasites (juveniles). Because lampricides are not 100% effective, larvae that survive treatment may metamorphose before streams are again treated. Larvae that survive treatment have not been widely studied, so their dynamics are not well understood. We tagged and released larvae in six Great Lake tributaries following lampricide treatment and estimated vital demographic rates using multistate tag-recovery models. Model-averaged larval survivals ranged from 56.8 to 57.6%. Model-averaged adult recovery rates, which were the product of juvenile survivals and adult capture probabilities, ranged from 6.8 to 9.3%. Using stochastic simulations, we estimated production of juvenile sea lampreys from a hypothetical population of treatment survivors under different growth conditions based on parameter estimates from this research. For fast-growing populations, juvenile production peaked 2 years after treatment. For slow-growing populations, juvenile production was approximately one-third that of fast-growing populations, with production not peaking until 4 years after treatment. Our results suggest that dynamics (i.e., survival, metamorphosis) of residual larval populations are very similar to those of untreated larval populations. Consequently, residual populations do not necessarily warrant special consideration for the purpose of sea lamprey control and can be ranked for treatment along with other populations. Consecutive lampricide treatments, which are under evaluation by the sea lamprey control program, would be most effective for reducing juvenile production in large, fast-growing populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Johnson, Nicholas S.; Swink, William D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Slade, Jeffrey W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. [Steeves, Todd B.] Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. [Fodale, Michael F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Johnson, NS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM njohnson@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission Sea Lamprey Research Program; Michigan State University (MSU) Quantitative Fisheries Center; Council of Lake Committee Agencies; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; MSU's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; MSU Extension; MSU AgBioResearch FX We wish to thank the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Sea Lamprey Research Program for providing funding for this research, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Fisheries and Oceans Canada for assistance with all aspects of the study including larval collections, larval assessments, treatment collections, and adult collections. Dr. Michael Hansen and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Support for T. Brenden was provided by contributing partners of the Michigan State University (MSU) Quantitative Fisheries Center, which includes Council of Lake Committee Agencies, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, MSU's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, MSU Extension, and MSU AgBioResearch. This article is contribution 1797 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 2014-02 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.12.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100016 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Stoneman, AT Kraus, RT AF Kocovsky, Patrick M. Stoneman, Andrea T. Kraus, Richard T. TI Ecology and population status of Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) in western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diet; Selectivity; Ontogenetic effects; Life history; Sex ratio ID YELLOW PERCH; DREISSENID MUSSELS; THERMAL HABITAT; MICHIGAN; FISHES; FOOD; CATCHABILITY; FECUNDITY; WALLEYES; WALBAUM AB Trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus is among the most abundant benthic species in lake Erie, but comparatively little is known about its ecology. Although others have conducted extensive studies on trout-perch ecology, those efforts predated invasions of white perch Morone americana, Dreissena spp., Bythotrephes longimanus and round goby Neogobius melanostomus, suggesting the need to revisit past work. Trout-perch were sampled with bottom trawls at 56 sites during June and September 2010. We examined diets, fecundity, average annual mortality, sex ratio, and long-term population trends at sites sampled since 1961. Trout-perch abundance fluctuated periodically, with distinct shorter- (4-year) and longer-term (over period of 50 years) fluctuations. Males had higher average annual mortality than females. Both sexes were equally abundant at age 0, but females outnumbered males 4:1 by age 2. Diets of trout-perch were dominated by macroinvertebrates, particularly chironomids and Hexagenia sp. Size distributions of trout-perch eggs varied widely and exhibited multiple modes indicative of protracted batch spawning. A review of the few other studies of trout-perch revealed periodic fluctuations in sex ratio of adults, which in light of our evidence of periodicity in abundance suggests the potential for sex-ratio-mediated intrinsic population regulation. Despite the introduction of numerous invasive species in Lake Erie, trout-perch remain one of the most abundant benthic invertivores and the population is relatively stable. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Kocovsky, Patrick M.; Stoneman, Andrea T.; Kraus, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD8XN UT WOS:000333549100023 ER PT J AU Work, TM Farah, Y AF Work, Thierry M. Farah, Yael TI Lectins stain cells differentially in the coral, Montipora capitata SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Histopathology; Lectins; Coral; Montipora capitata ID DISEASE; LOCALIZATION; BINDING AB A limitation in our understanding of coral disease pathology and cellular pathogenesis is a lack of reagents to characterize coral cells. We evaluated the utility of plant lectins to stain tissues of a dominant coral, Montipora capitata, from Hawaii. Of 22 lectins evaluated, nine of these stained structures in the upper or basal body wall of corals. Specific structures revealed by lectins that were not considered distinct or evident on routine hematoxylin and eosin sections of coral tissues included apical and basal granules in gastrodermis and epidermis, cnidoglandular tract and actinopharynx cell surface membranes, capsules of mature holotrichous isorhizas, and perivitelline and periseminal cells. Plant lectins could prove useful to further our understanding of coral physiology, anatomy, cell biology, and disease pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Farah, Yael] Univ Illinois, Sch Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM Thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 117 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.01.008 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AD8XE UT WOS:000333548200007 PM 24518620 ER PT J AU Marcaida, M Mangan, MT Vazquez, JA Bursik, M Lidzbarski, MI AF Marcaida, Mae Mangan, Margaret T. Vazquez, Jorge A. Bursik, Marcus Lidzbarski, Marsha I. TI Geochemical fingerprinting of Wilson Creek formation tephra layers (Mono Basin, California) using titanomagnetite compositions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tephra; Tephrostratigraphy; Titanomagnetite; Mono Craters; Long Valley; Wilson Creek formation ID AR-40-AR-39 LASER PROBE; NEW-ZEALAND; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; VOLCANIC-CENTER; GREAT-BASIN; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; QUATERNARY TEPHRA; ALASKA PENINSULA; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; GLASS SHARDS AB Nineteen tephra layers within the Wilson Creek formation near Mono Lake provide a record of late Pleistocene to early Holocene volcanic activity from the nearby Mono Craters and are important chronostratigraphic markers for paleomagnetic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecologic studies. These stratigraphically important tephra deposits can be geochemically identified using compositions of their titanomagnetite phenocrysts. Titanomagnetite compositions display a broad range (X-Usp 0.26-0.39), which allow the tephra layers to be distinguished despite the indistinguishable major-element glass compositions (76-77 wt% SiO2) of their hosts. The concentrations of Ti and Fe in titanomagnetite display geochemical and stratigraphic groupings that allow clear discrimination between older (>57 ka) and younger (<41 ka) tephras. Some individual tephra layers can be uniquely identified on the basis of titanomagnetite MgO, MnO, and Al2O3 contents. In addition, a few tephra layers can be correlated to their source vents by their titanomagnetite compositions. The unique geochemical fingerprint of the Mono Craters-sourced titanomagnetites also allows the discrimination of two tephra layers apparently sourced from nearby Mammoth Mountain volcano in Long Valley. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marcaida, Mae; Mangan, Margaret T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vazquez, Jorge A.; Lidzbarski, Marsha I.] US Geol Survey, SHRIMP RG Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bursik, Marcus] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Marcaida, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Volcano Observ, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmarcaida@usgs.gov NR 71 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 273 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.12.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE2DE UT WOS:000333782700001 ER PT J AU Owen, RB Longcore, JR Norton, SA AF Owen, Ray B., Jr. Longcore, Jerry R. Norton, Stephen A. TI Characteristics of Two Mineral Springs in Northern Maine SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; DEVONIAN PLANTS; LICK USE; PATTERNS; CANADA AB We sampled soil and water at two mineral springs (salt licks) in Baxter State Park, ME, and describe chemical characteristics of each. One site (Wadleigh) is a small spring-fed pond and the other site (Hudson) is a spring with water emerging at the base of a bedrock outcrop; both drain into nearby streams. These sites are frequently visited by Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) and by Alces americanus (Moose). Potassium (K) and sodium (Na) concentrations in water were substantially higher at licks than at upstream control sites-Wadleigh Lick: K = 2.33 vs. 0.31 mg/L, Na = 15.7 vs. 1.9 mg/L; Hudson Lick: K = 0.95 vs. 0.19 mg/L, Na = 9.4 vs. 0.9 mg/L. Chloride at the Hudson Lick was 120 vs. 10.7 mu eq/L in water upstream. Exchangeable calcium (Ca), K, and magnesium (Mg) in soil at the Wadleigh site were typical of Maine soils but Na was greatly elevated. The elevated concentrations of K and Na in the water are typical of groundwater that has circulated through bedrock, instead of overlying till. C1 [Owen, Ray B., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Longcore, Jerry R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Norton, Stephen A.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Owen, RB (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM buckyandsue@gmail.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1656/045.021.0114 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2KR UT WOS:000333802300023 ER PT J AU Khan, MR Voss, CI Yu, W Michael, HA AF Khan, Mahfuzur R. Voss, Clifford I. Yu, Winston Michael, Holly A. TI Water Resources Management in the Ganges Basin: A Comparison of Three Strategies for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ganges Basin; Seasonality; Artificial recharge; Flood reduction; Conjunctive use ID ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE; INDIA; RIVER; AQUIFER; BANGLADESH; SUBBASIN; MONSOON; FLOODS AB The most difficult water resources management challenge in the Ganges Basin is the imbalance between water demand and seasonal availability. More than 80 % of the annual flow in the Ganges River occurs during the 4-month monsoon, resulting in widespread flooding. During the rest of the year, irrigation, navigation, and ecosystems suffer because of water scarcity. Storage of monsoonal flow for utilization during the dry season is one approach to mitigating these problems. Three conjunctive use management strategies involving subsurface water storage are evaluated in this study: Ganges Water Machine (GWM), Pumping Along Canals (PAC), and Distributed Pumping and Recharge (DPR). Numerical models are used to determine the efficacy of these strategies. Results for the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh (UP) indicate that these strategies create seasonal subsurface storage from 6 to 37 % of the yearly average monsoonal flow in the Ganges exiting UP over the considered range of conditions. This has clear implications for flood reduction, and each strategy has the potential to provide irrigation water and to reduce soil waterlogging. However, GWM and PAC require significant public investment in infrastructure and management, as well as major shifts in existing water use practices; these also involve spatially-concentrated pumping, which may induce land subsidence. DPR also requires investment and management, but the distributed pumping is less costly and can be more easily implemented via adaptation of existing water use practices in the basin. C1 [Khan, Mahfuzur R.; Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Yu, Winston] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE USA. RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, 255 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mahfuz@udel.edu; cvoss@usgs.gov; wyu@worldbank.org; hmichael@udel.edu RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010 FU World Bank South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) FX This work was funded by The World Bank South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI). The authors thank Natalie Giannelli, Marcus Wijnen, Jorge Jose Escurra and Hrishikesh Patel of the World Bank for support and GIS data. We thank Sean Krepski (University of Delaware) for helpful editing, and Alan McDonald (British Geological Survey) and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1250 DI 10.1007/s11269-014-0537-y PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AD8NH UT WOS:000333522400004 ER PT J AU Diehl, RH Bates, JM Willard, DE Gnoske, TP AF Diehl, Robert H. Bates, John M. Willard, David E. Gnoske, Thomas P. TI BIRD MORTALITY DURING NOCTURNAL MIGRATION OVER LAKE MICHIGAN: A CASE STUDY SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE migration; mortality; open water; weather; weather radar ID WSR-88D; WEATHER; RADAR; QUANTIFICATION; LOUISIANA; MOVEMENTS; ALGORITHM; PATTERNS; MIGRANTS AB Millions of birds die each year during migration. Most of this mortality goes unobserved and conditions surrounding the actual events are often not thoroughly documented. We present a case study of substantial migrant casualties along the shores of southwestern Lake Michigan during May 1996 when we found 2,981 dead birds of 114 species, mostly migrant passerines. An unusual sequence of events allowed us to document the circumstances surrounding this migratory bird kill. Bird carcasses appeared on the southwestern shores of Lake Michigan in the days following storm systems that produced high rain and in one case, hail. Encounters between birds and precipitation over open water were recorded by weather radar, and were followed by winds that drifted dead birds toward highly populated shorelines where the kill was observed and documented. Climatologically, May 1996 was exceptional for producing weather conditions that both killed birds en masse and allowed the mortality to be documented. As a result, this is one of the more thorpughly documented instances of a weather-related mass mortality event during migration. C1 [Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Bates, John M.; Willard, David E.; Gnoske, Thomas P.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Diehl, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rhdiehl@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AD9GN UT WOS:000333573100003 ER PT J AU Willey, DW Van Riper, C AF Willey, David W. Van Riper, Charles, III TI HOME RANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS IN THE RINCON MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arizona; habitat; home range; Mexican Spotted Owl; Rincon Mountains; Saguaro National Park; Strix occidentalis lucida ID HABITAT USE AB We studied a small isolated population of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) from 1996-1997 in the Rincon Mountains of Saguaro National Park, southeastern Arizona, USA. All mixed-conifer and pine-oak forest patches in the park were surveyed for Spotted Owls, and we located, captured, and radio-tagged 10 adult birds representing five mated pairs. Using radio-telemetry, we examined owl home range characteristics, roost habitat, and monitored reproduction within these five territories. Breeding season (Mar-Sep) home range size for 10 adult owls (95% adaptive kernel isopleths) averaged 267 ha (+/- 207 SD), and varied widely among owls (range 34-652 ha). Mean home range size for owl pairs was 478 ha (+/- 417 ha SD), and ranged from 70-1,160 ha. Owls that produced young used smaller home ranges than owls that had no young. Six habitat variables differed significantly between roost and random sites, including: percent canopy cover, number of trees, number of vegetation layers, average height of trees, average diameter of trees, and tree basal area. Radio-marked owls remained in their territories following small prescribed management fires within those territories, exhibiting no proximate effects to the presence of prescribed fire. C1 [Willey, David W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Sch Nat Resources,Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Willey, DW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM willey@montana.edu FU National Park Service, Saguaro National Park [CA 8000-8-0002, CA 8047-8-0002]; Arizona Heritage Program FX Funding was provided by the National Park Service, Saguaro National Park (Cooperative Agreement No. CA 8000-8-0002 Sub-agreement No. CA 8047-8-0002) and the Arizona Heritage Program. Strong logistical support was provided by the Saguaro National Park Fire Management Office and Natural Resources Division. Frank LaSorte, Ryan Weider, Sarah Burgess, and Kate Murie conducted the field work in the Rincon Mountains and deserve special thanks. We also thank and recognize Natasha Kline, Meg Weesner, and Perry Grissom, of Saguaro National Park, for strong support throughout this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 126 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AD9GN UT WOS:000333573100007 ER PT J AU Bryant, JP Joly, K Chapin, FS DeAngelis, DL Kielland, K AF Bryant, John P. Joly, Kyle Chapin, F. Stuart, III DeAngelis, Donald L. Kielland, Knut TI Can antibrowsing defense regulate the spread of woody vegetation in arctic tundra? SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; ALASKA PAPER BIRCH; RIVER CARIBOU HERD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SECONDARY METABOLITES; BETULA-NANA; FIRE REGIME; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; INVADING ORGANISMS AB Global climate warming is projected to promote the increase of woody plants, especially shrubs, in arctic tundra. Many factors may affect the extent of this increase, including browsing by mammals. We hypothesize that across the Arctic the effect of browsing will vary because of regional variation in antibrowsing chemical defense. Using birch (Betula) as a case study, we propose that browsing is unlikely to retard birch expansion in the region extending eastward from the Lena River in central Siberia across Beringia and the continental tundra of central and eastern Canada where the more effectively defended resin birches predominate. Browsing is more likely to retard birch expansion in tundra west of the Lena to Fennoscandia, Iceland, Greenland and South Baffin Island where the less effectively defended non-resin birches predominate. Evidence from the literature supports this hypothesis. We further suggest that the effect of warming on the supply of plant-available nitrogen will not significantly change either this pan-Arctic pattern of variation in antibrowsing defense or the resultant effect that browsing has on birch expansion in tundra. However, within central and east Beringia warming-caused increases in plant-available nitrogen combined with wildfire could initiate amplifying feedback loops that could accelerate shrubification of tundra by the more effectively defended resin birches. This accelerated shrubification of tundra by resin birch, if extensive, could reduce the food supply of caribou causing population declines. We conclude with a brief discussion of modeling methods that show promise in projecting invasion of tundra by woody plants. C1 [Bryant, John P.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Joly, Kyle] Arctic Inventory & Monitoring Network, Gates Arctic Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Bryant, JP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffjpb@wyoming.com OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 3 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00436.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB9XN UT WOS:000332149100002 ER PT J AU Stephens, SL Burrows, N Buyantuyev, A Gray, RW Keane, RE Kubian, R Liu, SR Seijo, F Shu, LF Tolhurst, KG van Wagtendonk, JW AF Stephens, Scott L. Burrows, Neil Buyantuyev, Alexander Gray, Robert W. Keane, Robert E. Kubian, Rick Liu, Shirong Seijo, Francisco Shu, Lifu Tolhurst, Kevin G. van Wagtendonk, Jan W. TI Temperate and boreal forest mega-fires: characteristics and challenges SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MANAGING FORESTS; WESTERN USA; WILDFIRE; SEVERITY AB Mega-fires are often defined according to their size and intensity but are more accurately described by their socioeconomic impacts. Three factors - climate change, fire exclusion, and antecedent disturbance, collectively referred to as the "mega-fire triangle" - likely contribute to today's mega-fires. Some characteristics of mega-fires may emulate historical fire regimes and can therefore sustain healthy fire-prone ecosystems, but other attributes decrease ecosystem resiliency. A good example of a program that seeks to mitigate mega-fires is located in Western Australia, where prescribed burning reduces wildfire intensity while conserving ecosystems. Crown-fire-adapted ecosystems are likely at higher risk of frequent mega-fires as a result of climate change, as compared with other ecosystems once subject to frequent less severe fires. Fire and forest managers should recognize that mega-fires will be a part of future wildland fire regimes and should develop strategies to reduce their undesired impacts. C1 [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burrows, Neil] Dept Pk & Wildlife, Kensington, NSW, Australia. [Buyantuyev, Alexander] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Gray, Robert W.] RW Gray Consulting Ltd, Chilliwack, BC, Canada. [Keane, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. [Kubian, Rick] Pk Canada, Conservat Resources, Lake Louise Yoho Kootenay Field Unit, Radium Hot Springs, BC, Canada. [Liu, Shirong; Shu, Lifu] Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Seijo, Francisco] CV Starr Middlebury Coll, Madrid, Spain. [Tolhurst, Kevin G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Forest & Ecosyst Sci, Creswick, Vic, Australia. [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA USA. RP Stephens, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sstephens@berkeley.edu RI Buyantuev, Alexander/L-9887-2013 OI Buyantuev, Alexander/0000-0003-1670-0741 FU China's Special Research Program for Public-Welfare Forestry [200804001] FX We thank the Association for Fire Ecology for encouraging us to write this paper. Comments provided by B Collins improved the manuscript. We thank R Loehman and D Fry for figure production. China's case study acknowledges the China's Special Research Program for Public-Welfare Forestry (No. 200804001) NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 12 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1890/120332 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB8NK UT WOS:000332047100007 ER PT J AU Long, J Napton, D Giri, C Graesser, J AF Long, Jordan Napton, Darrell Giri, Chandra Graesser, Jordan TI A Mapping and Monitoring Assessment of the Philippines' Mangrove Forests from 1990 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Philippines' mangrove; mapping land cover; decision tree classification; Landsat ID SATELLITE DATA; LAND-COVER; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Information on the present condition and spatiotemporal dynamics of mangrove forests is needed for land-change studies and integrated natural resources planning and management. Although several national mangrove estimates for the Philippines exist, information is unavailable at sufficient spatial and thematic detail for change analysis. Historical and contemporary mangrove distribution maps of the Philippines for 1990 and 2010 were prepared at nominal 30-m spatial resolution using Landsat satellite data. Image classification was performed using a supervised decision tree classification approach. Additionally, decadal land-cover change maps from 1990 to 2010 were prepared to depict changes in mangrove area. Total mangrove area decreased 10.5% from 1990 to 2010. Comparison of estimates produced from this study with selected historical mangrove area estimates revealed that total mangrove area decreased by approximately half (51.8%) from 1918 to 2010. This study provides the most current and reliable data regarding the Philippines mangrove area and spatial distribution and delineates where and when mangrove change has occurred in recent decades. The results from this study are useful for developing conservation strategies, biodiversity loss mitigation efforts, and future monitoring and analysis. C1 [Long, Jordan] ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Napton, Darrell] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Giri, Chandra] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Graesser, Jordan] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Long, J (reprint author), ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM jlong@usgs.gov FU USGS [G08PC91508]; NASA; South Dakota Space Grant Consortium FX This work was performed under USGS contract G08PC91508. This work was supported by USGS and NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program and the South Dakota Space Grant Consortium. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes. only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00057.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AD4NY UT WOS:000333229000006 ER PT J AU Manier, DJ Aldridge, CL O'Donnell, M Schell, SJ AF Manier, D. J. Aldridge, C. L. O'Donnell, M. Schell, S. J. TI Human Infrastructure and Invasive Plant Occurrence Across Rangelands of Southwestern Wyoming, USA SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic influence; land use; noxious weeds; sagebrush steppe; semiarid ecosystem; species distributions ID VEGETATION RESPONSE; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; BROMUS-TECTORUM; ALIEN PLANTS; COMMUNITIES; SPREAD; HABITAT; MODELS AB Although human influence across rural landscapes is often discussed, interactions between the native, natural systems and human activities are challenging to measure explicitly. We assessed the distribution of introduced, invasive species as related to anthropogenic infrastructure and environmental conditions across southwestern Wyoming. to-discern direct correlations as well as covariate influences between land use, land cover, and abundance of invasive plants, and assess the supposition that these features affect surrounding rangeland conditions. Our sample units were 1000 m long and extended outward from target features, which included roads, oil and gas well pads, pipelines, power lines, and featureless background sites. Sample sites were distributed across the region using a stratified, random design with a frame that represented features and land-use intensity. In addition to land-use gradients, we captured a representative, but limited, range of variability in climate, soils, geology, topography, and dominant vegetation. Several of these variables proved significant, in conjunction with distance from anthropogenic features, in regression models of invasive plant abundance. We used general linear models to demonstrate and compare associations between invasive plant frequency and Euclidian distance from features, natural logarithm transformed distances (log-linear), and environmental variables which were presented as potential covariates. We expected a steep curvilinear (log or exponential) decline trending towards an asymptote along the axis representing high abundance near features with rapid decrease beyond approximately 50-100 m. Some of the associations we document exhibit this pattern, but we also found some invasive plant distributions that extended beyond our expectations, suggesting a broader distribution than anticipated. Our results provide details that can inform local efforts for management and control of invasive species, and they provide evidence of the different associations between natural patterns and human land use exhibited by nonnative species in this rural setting, such as the indirect effects of humans beyond impact areas. C1 [Manier, D. J.; O'Donnell, M.; Schell, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Aldridge, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Manier, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM manierd@usgs.gov RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011 FU US Geological Survey FX Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors are very appreciative of several contributors, including: Geneva Chong, US Geological Survey (USGS), who reviewed an early version of the manuscript; Steve Knick (USGS), who helped develop and support the research; as well as Abigail Benson, Allison Dubenezic, Coyde Fickel, Melanie Fischer, Anita Goodrich, Matthew Lisk, Michael Lommler, Lauren Maghran, Michael Pender, Alexandra Permar, and Matt Wilson, who worked diligently as technicians. This research was funded by the US Geological Survey; therefore, it remains in the public domain; however, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this manuscript. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 37 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 67 IS 2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00056.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD4PI UT WOS:000333232600006 ER PT J AU Macquaker, JHS Taylor, KG Keller, M Polya, D AF Macquaker, Joe H. S. Taylor, Kevin G. Keller, Margaret Polya, David TI Compositional controls on early diagenetic pathways in fine-grained sedimentary rocks: Implications for predicting unconventional reservoir attributes of mudstones SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID KIMMERIDGE CLAY FORMATION; MISSISSIPPIAN BARNETT SHALE; MIOCENE MONTEREY FORMATION; ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENTS; FORT-WORTH BASIN; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MINERAL FORMATION; EASTERN ENGLAND; IRON REDUCTION AB Diagenesis significantly impacts mudstone lithofacies. Processes operating to control diagenetic pathways in mudstones are poorly known compared to analogous processes occurring in other sedimentary rocks. Selected organic-carbon-rich mudstones, from the Kimmeridge Clay and Monterey Formations, have been investigated to determine how varying starting compositions influence diagenesis. The sampled Kimmeridge Clay Formation mudstones are organized into thin homogenous beds, composed mainly of siliciclastic detritus, with some constituents derived from water-column production (e.g., coccoliths, S-depleted type-II kerogen, as much as 52.6% total organic carbon [TOC]) and others from diagenesis (e.g., pyrite, carbonate, and kaolinite). The sampled Monterey Formation mudstones are organized into thin beds that exhibit pelleted wavy lamination, and are predominantly composed of production-derived components including diatoms, coccoliths, and foraminifera, in addition to type-IS kerogen (as much as 16.5% TOC), and apatite and silica cements. During early burial of the studied Kimmeridge Clay Formation mudstones, the availability of detrital Fe(III) and reactive clay minerals caused carbonate- and silicate-buffering reactions to operate effectively and the pore waters to be Fe(II) rich. These conditions led to pyrite, iron-poor carbonates, and kaolinite cements precipitating, preserved organic carbon being S-depleted, and sweet hydrocarbons being generated. In contrast, during the diagenesis of the sampled Monterey Formation mudstones, sulfide oxidation, coupled with opal dissolution and the reduced availability of both Fe(III) and reactive siliciclastic detritus, meant that the pore waters were poorly buffered and locally acidic. These conditions resulted in local carbonate dissolution, apatite and silica cements precipitation, natural kerogen sulfurization, and sour hydrocarbons generation. Differences in mud composition at deposition significantly influence subsequent diagenesis. These differences impact their source rock attributes and mechanical properties. C1 [Macquaker, Joe H. S.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geol, St John, NF, Canada. [Taylor, Kevin G.; Polya, David] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Keller, Margaret] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Macquaker, JHS (reprint author), Exxon Mobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX 77098 USA. EM jmacguaker@mac.com; Kevin.Taylor@manchester.ac.uk; mkeller@usgs.gov; David.Polya@manchester.ac.uk OI Taylor, Kevin/0000-0001-7024-5001; Polya, David/0000-0002-7484-6696 FU BG Group; BxxonMobil; Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom), U.S. Geological Survey; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) FX Funding for this research has been received from BG Group, BxxonMobil, the Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom), U.S. Geological Survey, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) which we thank. We thank our colleagues Caroline Isaacs, Kevin Bohacs, Charles Curtis, Andrew Aplin, Don Gautier, Kitty Milliken, and Paul Lillis for the lively discussions and internal reviews that have informed this research. An earlier draft of this work was significantly improved by inputs from Nicholas Harris and Martin Evans. We thank the late Tim Brewer (University of Leicester) for performing the whole-rock geochemical analyses. This work is dedicated to his memory. NR 100 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 EI 1558-9153 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 98 IS 3 BP 587 EP 603 DI 10.1306/08201311176 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD0GJ UT WOS:000332912200008 ER PT J AU Williams, WI Friedman, JM Gaskin, JF Norton, AP AF Williams, Wyatt I. Friedman, Jonathan M. Gaskin, John F. Norton, Andrew P. TI Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological control; hybridization; latitudinal clines; rapid evolution; resistance; Tamarix sp; tolerance ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; INTRODUCED PLANT-POPULATIONS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SALTCEDARS TAMARIX SPP.; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; LEAF BEETLE; SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AB Evolution has contributed to the successful invasion of exotic plant species in their introduced ranges, but how evolution affects particular control strategies is still under evaluation. For instance, classical biological control, a common strategy involving the utilization of highly specific natural enemies to control exotic pests, may be negatively affected by host hybridization because of shifts in plant traits, such as root allocation or chemical constituents. We investigated introgression between two parent species of the invasive shrub tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in the western United States, and how differences in plant traits affect interactions with a biological control agent. Introgression varied strongly with latitude of origin and was highly correlated with plant performance. Increased levels of T.ramosissima introgression resulted in both higher investment in roots and tolerance to defoliation and less resistance to insect attack. Because tamarisk hybridization occurs predictably on the western U.S. landscape, managers may be able to exploit this information to maximize control efforts. Genetic differentiation in plant traits in this system underpins the importance of plant hybridization and may explain why some biological control releases are more successful than others. C1 [Williams, Wyatt I.; Norton, Andrew P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, Wyatt I.] Oregon Dept Forestry, Private Forests Div, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gaskin, John F.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT USA. RP Williams, WI (reprint author), Oregon Dept Forestry, Private Forests Div, 2600 State St Bldg D, Salem, OR 97310 USA. EM wwilliams@odf.state.or.us OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663 FU Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station; NSF Research Coordination Network FX Funding was provided by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the NSF Research Coordination Network. We are grateful to R. Hufbauer, P. McEvoy, E. Coombs, F. Grevstad, and three anonymous reviewers who provided comments on the manuscript. D. Bean, L. Bjostad, and S. Nissen assisted with supplying insects, providing bioassay materials, and applying herbicide, respectively. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1111/eva.12134 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA AC9DL UT WOS:000332834400005 PM 24665340 ER PT J AU Archambault, JM Cope, WG Kwak, TJ AF Archambault, Jennifer M. Cope, W. Gregory Kwak, Thomas J. TI Influence of sediment presence on freshwater mussel thermal tolerance SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute thermal sensitivity; Unionidae; LT50; benthic stream ecology; aquatic thermal stress; temperature ID LATERNULA-ELLIPTICA; COASTAL-PLAIN; TEMPERATURE; UNIONIDAE; JUVENILE; LIMITS; BIVALVIA; DROUGHT; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGES AB Median lethal temperature (LT50) data from water-only exposures with the early life stages of freshwater mussels suggest that some species may be living near their upper thermal tolerances. However, evaluation of thermal sensitivity has never been conducted in sediment. Mussels live most of their lives burrowed in sediment, so understanding the effect of sediment on thermal sensitivity is a necessary step in evaluating the effectiveness of the water-only standard method, on which the regulatory framework for potential thermal criteria currently is based, as a test of thermal sensitivity. We developed a method for testing thermal sensitivity of juvenile mussels in sediment and used the method to assess thermal tolerance of 4 species across a range of temperatures common during summer. Stream beds may provide a thermal refuge in the wild, but we hypothesized that the presence of sediment alone does not alter thermal sensitivity. We also evaluated the effects of 2 temperature acclimation levels (22 and 27 degrees C) and 2 water levels (watered and dewatered treatments). We then compared results from the sediment tests to those conducted using the water-only standard methods. We also conducted water-only LT tests with mussel larvae (glochidia) for comparison with the juvenile life stage. We found few consistent differences in thermal tolerance between sediment and water-only treatments, between acclimation temperatures, between waterlevel treatments, among species, or between juvenile and glochidial life stages (LT50 range = 33.3-37.2 degrees C; mean = 35.6 degrees C), supporting our hypothesis that the presence of sediment alone does not alter thermal sensitivity. The method we developed has potential for evaluating the role of other stressors (e.g., contaminants) in a more natural and complex environment. C1 [Archambault, Jennifer M.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Archambault, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jmarcham@ncsu.edu; gcope@ncsu.edu; tkwak@ncsu.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center through Research [171] FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center through Research work order no. 171. We thank Chris Eads and Jay Levine at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, for providing Atlantic Slope mussel species for laboratory exposures, and Chris Barnhart and Megan Bradley at Missouri State University and Paul Johnson at the Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center for Interior Basin mussels. Robert Bringolf, Teresa Newton, Ning Wang, and others contributed helpful suggestions related to apparatus and experimental design. We thank Bobby Cope, Jeremy Leonard, Tamara Pandolfo, and Angela White for laboratory and field assistance. Damian Shea provided constructive review of a previous manuscript draft. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1086/674141 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC2IC UT WOS:000332322400005 ER PT J AU Bennett, SEK Oskin, ME AF Bennett, Scott E. K. Oskin, Michael E. TI Oblique rifting ruptures continents: Example from the Gulf of California shear zone SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; AMERICA PLATE MOTION; MEXICO; EXTENSION; BASIN; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; SONORA AB We show that a belt of clockwise vertical-axis block rotation associated with dextral-oblique rifting in the Basin and Range province in Mexico hosted the localization of plate-boundary strain that led to formation of the Gulf of California ocean basin. Paleomagnetism of Miocene ignimbrites distributed widely across the rift reveals the magnitude, distribution, and timing of rotation. Using new high-precision paleomagnetic vectors (alpha(95) approximate to 1 degrees) from tectonically stable exposures of these ignimbrites in Baja California, we determine clockwise rotations up to 76 degrees for intrarift sites. Low reference-site error permits isolation of intrarift block rotation during proto-Gulf time, prior to rift localization ca. 6 Ma. We estimate that 48% (locally 0%-75%) of the net rotation occurred between 12.5 Ma and 6.4 Ma. Sites of large (>20 degrees) block rotation define an similar to 100-km-wide belt, associated with strike-slip faulting, herein named the Gulf of California shear zone, which was embedded within the wide rift Basin and Range province and kinematically linked to the San Andreas fault. After a protracted history of diffuse extension and transtension, rift localization was accomplished by focusing of Pacific-North America dextral shear into the Gulf of California, which increased strain rates and connected nascent pull-apart basins along the western margin of the province. Oblique rifting thus helped to localize and increase the rate of continental break up and strongly controlled the three-dimensional architecture of the resultant passive margins. C1 [Bennett, Scott E. K.; Oskin, Michael E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bennett, SEK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sekbennett@usgs.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0904373, OCE-0948169] FX This research was funded by grant EAR-0904373 and OCE-0948169 from the U.S. National Science Foundation Tectonics and MARGINS programs. We thank J. Stock for assistance with locating tuff outcrops in Baja California and for providing paleomagnetic data from central Sonora. Conversations with A. Elliott, A. Forte, and N. Longinotti helped refine an early version of this manuscript. We thank J. Kirschvink, the Caltech Paleomagnetics Laboratory, and M. Darin for assistance with sample preparation and analysis. K. Bossenbroek and D. Hadley provided exceptional field assistance. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1130/G34904.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA AD4TQ UT WOS:000333244000020 ER PT J AU Voss, C Currell, M Gleeson, T AF Voss, Clifford Currell, Matthew Gleeson, Tom TI Editors' Message: The 2013 Editors' Choice articles, a new editor, and the 2013 'Coolest Paper' award SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Editorial; Hydrogeology Journal; Editors' Choice; Coolest Paper C1 [Voss, Clifford] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Currell, Matthew] RMIT Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Gleeson, Tom] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Voss, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov; matthew.currell@rmit.edu.au; tom.gleeson@mcgill.ca RI Gleeson, Tom/F-2552-2011 OI Gleeson, Tom/0000-0001-9493-7707 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 293 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1111-7 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AC6TX UT WOS:000332659000001 ER PT J AU Voss, CI Soliman, SM AF Voss, Clifford I. Soliman, Safaa M. TI The transboundary non-renewable Nubian Aquifer System of Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan: classical groundwater questions and parsimonious hydrogeologic analysis and modeling SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Nubian aquifer; Chad; Egypt; Libya; Sudan ID EASTERN LIBYA AB Parsimonious groundwater modeling provides insight into hydrogeologic functioning of the Nubian Aquifer System (NAS), the world's largest non-renewable groundwater system (belonging to Chad, Egypt, Libya, and Sudan). Classical groundwater-resource issues exist (magnitude and lateral extent of drawdown near pumping centers) with joint international management questions regarding transboundary drawdown. Much of NAS is thick, containing a large volume of high-quality groundwater, but receives insignificant recharge, so water-resource availability is time-limited. Informative aquifer data are lacking regarding large-scale response, providing only local-scale information near pumps. Proxy data provide primary underpinning for understanding regional response: Holocene water-table decline from the previous pluvial period, after thousands of years, results in current oasis/sabkha locations where the water table still intersects the ground. Depletion is found to be controlled by two regional parameters, hydraulic diffusivity and vertical anisotropy of permeability. Secondary data that provide insight are drawdowns near pumps and isotope-groundwater ages (million-year-old groundwaters in Egypt). The resultant strong simply structured three-dimensional model representation captures the essence of NAS regional groundwater-flow behavior. Model forecasts inform resource management that transboundary drawdown will likely be minimal-a nonissue-whereas drawdown within pumping centers may become excessive, requiring alternative extraction schemes; correspondingly, significant water-table drawdown may occur in pumping centers co-located with oases, causing oasis loss and environmental impacts. C1 [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Soliman, Safaa M.] Natl Water Res Ctr, Res Inst Groundwater, El Kanter El Khairia, Kalubia, Egypt. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov FU IAEA Project [RAF/8/036] FX This study is part of a medium-sized GEF (Global Environment Facility) project managed by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) that concerns management of the Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) shared by Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan, under IAEA Project Number RAF/8/036: Sustainable Development of the Nubian Aquifer. Model development and associated analysis reported in this article were carried out under a cooperative research agreement between IAEA and the US Geological Survey (USGS). The bulk of model development and hydrogeologic analysis occurred during a 5-month period at IAEA in Vienna, Austria, in 2009. Additional analysis and reporting occurred thereafter at USGS. Throughout the IAEA period, the governments of each NAS country participated in the modeling effort with one or two hydrologists providing advice and feedback-Chad: I. M. Mohamed, Ministere de l'Environnement; Egypt: S. Afifi, UNDP, Egypt, and A. Khater, National Water Research Center; Libya: M. Bakhbakhi and L. Madi, General Water Authority; Sudan: A. A. M. Kheir and A. M. Osman, Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources. Technical leadership at IAEA was provided by C. I. Voss, USGS. Technical modeling support was provided at IAEA by S. M. Soliman, National Water Research Center, Egypt. Stable and carbon isotope data interpretation was provided by K. Froehlich and P. Aggarwal, IAEA, as well as by the staff of the Isotope Hydrology Section, IAEA. GIS support as well as excellent reviews and thoughtful comments were provided by S. Terzer, IAEA, throughout the IAEA period. P. Aggarwal also provided overall project leadership for IAEA. P. Gremillion, IAEA, became the IAEA project manager late in the project period. Insightful expert technical reviews by four colleagues, Mohamed Bakhbakhi (General Water Authority, Libya), Wolfgang Gossel (Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany), Maksym Gusyev (GNS Science, New Zealand), and Edwin P. Weeks (USGS), allowed significant improvements to be made to this manuscript. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 441 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s10040-013-1039-3 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AC6TX UT WOS:000332659000012 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Lee, M Collett, T Yang, SX Guo, YQ Wu, SG AF Wang, Xiujuan Lee, Myung Collett, Timthy Yang, Shengxiong Guo, Yiqun Wu, Shiguo TI Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gas hydrate; Sand-rich; Synthetic seismograms; Compressional-wave velocity; South China Sea ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GREEN CANYON 955; PROJECT LEG II; SATURATION; MARGIN; RESERVOIRS; ZONE; WELL AB Downhole wireline log (DWL) data was acquired from eight drill sites during China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in 2007. Initial analyses of the acquired well log data suggested that there were no significant gas hydrate occurrences at Site SH4. However, the re-examination of the OWL data from Site SH4 indicated that there are two intervals of high resistivity, which could be indicative of gas hydrate. One interval of high resistivity at depth of 171-175 m below seafloor (mbsf) is associated with a high compressional- wave (P-wave) velocities and low gamma ray log values, which suggests the presence of gas hydrate in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. The second high resistivity interval at depth of 175-180 mbsf is associated with low P-wave velocities and low gamma values, which suggests the presence of free gas in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. Because the occurrence of free gas is much shallower than the expected from the regional depth of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), the free gas could be from the dissociation of gas hydrate during drilling or there may be a local anomaly in the depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. In order to determine whether the low P-wave velocity with high resistivity is caused by in-situ free gas or dissociated free gas from the gas hydrate, the surface seismic data were also used in this analysis. The log analysis incorporating the surface seismic data through the construction of synthetic seismograms using various models indicated the presence of free gas directly in contact with an overlying gas hydrate-bearing section. The occurrence of the anomalous base of gas hydrate stability at Site SH4 could be caused by a local heat flow conditions. This paper documents the first observation of gas hydrate in what is believed to be a sand-rich sediment in Shenhu area of the South China Sea. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 256071, Peoples R China. [Lee, Myung; Collett, Timthy] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun] Guangzhou Marine Geol Survey, MLR, Guangzhou 510075, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 256071, Peoples R China. EM wangxiujuan@qdio.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276053, 40930845]; Chinese National Basic Research Program [2009CB219505] FX We thank the gas hydrate science team of the gas hydrate program expedition Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey-1 (GMGS-1). Agena Warren provided many helpful suggestions about the synthetic seismograms generated from the logging data. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor from JMPG for their thorough reviews and constructive comments. Sponsorship from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276053 and 40930845) and the Chinese National Basic Research Program (2009CB219505). NR 49 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 EI 1873-4073 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 51 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.002 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC8UR UT WOS:000332811100023 ER PT J AU Lopez-Carr, D Pricope, NG Aukema, JE Jankowska, MM Funk, C Husak, G Michaelsen, J AF Lopez-Carr, David Pricope, Narcisa G. Aukema, Juliann E. Jankowska, Marta M. Funk, Christopher Husak, Gregory Michaelsen, Joel TI A spatial analysis of population dynamics and climate change in Africa: potential vulnerability hot spots emerge where precipitation declines and demographic pressures coincide SO POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Population; Vulnerability; Hazards; Africa; Spatial modeling ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RAINFALL; AGRICULTURE; SCIENCE; SYSTEMS; GLOBALIZATION; VARIABILITY; MIGRATION; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS AB We present an integrative measure of exposure and sensitivity components of vulnerability to climatic and demographic change for the African continent in order to identify "hot spots" of high potential population vulnerability. Getis-Ord Gi* spatial clustering analyses reveal statistically significant locations of spatio-temporal precipitation decline coinciding with high population density and increase. Statistically significant areas are evident, particularly across central, southern, and eastern Africa. The highly populated Lake Victoria basin emerges as a particularly salient hot spot. People located in the regions highlighted in this analysis suffer exceptionally high exposure to negative climate change impacts (as populations increase on lands with decreasing rainfall). Results may help inform further hot spot mapping and related research on demographic vulnerabilities to climate change. Results may also inform more suitable geographical targeting of policy interventions across the continent. C1 [Lopez-Carr, David; Husak, Gregory; Michaelsen, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pricope, Narcisa G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Geol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Aukema, Juliann E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Jankowska, Marta M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Wireless & Populat Hlth Syst, Dept Family & Preventat Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Funk, Christopher] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lopez-Carr, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 1832 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM carr@geog.ucsb.edu OI PRICOPE, NARCISA/0000-0002-6591-7237 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0199-0039 EI 1573-7810 J9 POPUL ENVIRON JI Popul. Env. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 SI SI BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s11111-014-0209-0 PG 17 WC Demography; Environmental Studies SC Demography; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD0WC UT WOS:000332954000007 ER PT J AU Jacobson, R Faust, T AF Jacobson, R. Faust, T. TI HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY OF FLOODPLAINS, NORTHERN MISSOURI- IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION OF FLOODPLAIN FOREST COMMUNITIES IN DISTURBED LANDSCAPES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE floodplain forests; connectivity; floodplains; hydrology; bankfull ID RIVER CONTINUUM; OAK ACORNS; VEGETATION; STREAMS; REGIMES; DIVERSITY; MODEL; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Hydrologic connectivity between the channel and floodplain is thought to be a dominant factor determining floodplain processes and characteristics of floodplain forests. We explored the role of hydrologic connectivity in explaining floodplain forest community composition along streams in northern Missouri, USA. Hydrologic analyses at 20 streamgages (207-5827km(2) area) document that magnitudes of 2-year return floods increase systematically with increasing drainage area whereas the average annual number and durations of floodplain-connecting events decrease. Flow durations above the active-channel shelf vary little with increasing drainage area, indicating that the active-channel shelf is in quasi-equilibrium with prevailing conditions. The downstream decrease in connectivity is associated with downstream increase in channel incision. These relations at streamflow gaging stations are consistent with regional channel disturbance patterns: channel incision increases downstream, whereas upstream reaches have either not incised or adjusted to incision by forming new equilibrium floodplains. These results provide a framework to explain landscape-scale variations in composition of floodplain forest communities in northern Missouri. Faust () had tentatively explained increases of flood-dependent tree species, and decreases of species diversity, with a downstream increase in flood magnitude and duration. Because frequency and duration of floodplain-connecting events do not increase downstream, we hypothesize instead that increases in relative abundance of flood-dependent trees at larger drainage area result from increasing size of disturbance patches. Bank-overtopping floods at larger drainage area create large, open, depositional landforms that promoted the regeneration of shade-intolerant species. Higher tree species diversity in floodplains with small drainage areas is associated with non-incised floodplains that are frequently connected to their channels and therefore subject to greater effective hydrologic variability compared with downstream floodplains. Understanding the landscape-scale geomorphic and hydrologic controls on floodplain connectivity provides a basis for more effective management and restoration of floodplain forest communities. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Jacobson, R.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Faust, T.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jacobson, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM rjacobson@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank Benedict Nagy for fieldwork assistance. Review comments by Cliff Hupp (U.S. Geological Survey) and Jonathan Friedman (U.S. Geological Survey) greatly enhanced the quality of this manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and was conducted when T. Faust was a PhD student in the Department of Forestry, University of Missouri. NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 269 EP 286 DI 10.1002/rra.2636 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD1YF UT WOS:000333028900001 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Wigen, SL Dagel, JD AF Miranda, L. E. Wigen, S. L. Dagel, J. D. TI RESERVOIR FLOODPLAINS SUPPORT DISTINCT FISH ASSEMBLAGES SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE reservoirs; floodplains; fish assemblages; habitat ID SEED BANKS; VEGETATION; ESTABLISHMENT; CONNECTIVITY; RESPONSES; WETLANDS; DEPTH AB Reservoirs constructed on floodplain rivers are unique because the upper reaches of the impoundment may include extensive floodplain environments. Moreover, reservoirs that experience large periodic water level fluctuations as part of their operational objectives seasonally inundate and dewater floodplains in their upper reaches, partly mimicking natural inundations of river floodplains. In four flood control reservoirs in Mississippi, USA, we explored the dynamics of connectivity between reservoirs and adjacent floodplains and the characteristics of fish assemblages that develop in reservoir floodplains relative to those that develop in reservoir bays. Although fish species richness in floodplains and bays were similar, species composition differed. Floodplains emphasized fish species largely associated with backwater shallow environments, often resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Conversely, dominant species in bays represented mainly generalists that benefit from the continuous connectivity between the bay and the main reservoir. Floodplains in the study reservoirs provided desirable vegetated habitats at lower water level elevations, earlier in the year, and more frequently than in bays. Inundating dense vegetation in bays requires raising reservoir water levels above the levels required to reach floodplains. Therefore, aside from promoting distinct fish assemblages within reservoirs and helping promote diversity in regulated rivers, reservoir floodplains are valued because they can provide suitable vegetated habitats for fish species at elevations below the normal pool, precluding the need to annually flood upland vegetation that would inevitably be impaired by regular flooding. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wigen, S. L.; Dagel, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks FX The authors thank Ted Alfermann, Dan Dembkowski and Rebecca Krogman for helping with fieldwork and Keith Meals for contributing local knowledge about the study reservoirs. Funding for this research was provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks through a Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration grant. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1002/rra.2641 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD1YF UT WOS:000333028900006 ER PT J AU Miranda, LE Killgore, KJ AF Miranda, L. E. Killgore, K. J. TI FISH DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE depth distribution; Mississippi River; fish assemblage; trotline ID PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; CORAL-REEF FISH; BODY-SIZE; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SPECIES RICHNESS; ASSEMBLAGES; GRADIENT; PATTERNS; LONGLINE; HABITAT AB A substantial body of literature exists about depth distribution of fish in oceans, lakes and reservoirs, but less is known about fish depth distribution in large rivers. Most of the emphasis on fish distributions in rivers has focused on longitudinal and latitudinal spatial distributions. Knowledge on depth distribution is necessary to understand species and community habitat needs. Considering this void, our goal was to identify patterns in fish benthic distribution along depth gradients in the Lower Mississippi River. Fish were collected over 14years in depths down to 27m. Fish exhibited non-random depth distributions that varied seasonally and according to species. Species richness was highest in shallow water, with about 50% of the 62 species detected no longer collected in water deeper than 8m and about 75% no longer collected in water deeper than 12m. Although richness was highest in shallow water, most species were not restricted to shallow water. Rather, most species used a wide range of depths. A weak depth zonation occurred, not as strong as that reported for deep oceans and lakes. Larger fish tended to occur in deeper water during the high-water period of an annual cycle, but no correlation was evident during the low-water period. The advent of landscape ecology has guided river research to search for spatial patterns along the length of the river and associated floodplains. Our results suggest that fish assemblages in large rivers are also structured vertically. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Killgore, K. J.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM smiranda@usgs.gov FU Mississippi Valley Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers; Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program FX Funding for data collection was provided by the Mississippi Valley Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program. Additional funding for data analyses was provided by Free-Flow Power, Boston. Assistance in field collections was provided by S. George, W. Lancaster, B. Lewis, P. Kirk, C. Murphy, N. Douglas, K. Boysen and J. Collins. Permission to publish this document was made by the Chief of Engineers, US Army Corps of Engineers. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1002/rra.2652 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AD1YF UT WOS:000333028900007 ER PT J AU Brand, LA Takekawa, JY Shinn, J Graham, T Buffington, K Ben Gustafson, K Smith, LM Spring, SE Miles, AK AF Brand, L. Arriana Takekawa, John Y. Shinn, Joel Graham, Tanya Buffington, Kevin Ben Gustafson, K. Smith, Lacy M. Spring, Sarah E. Miles, A. Keith TI Effects of Wetland Management on Carrying Capacity of Diving Ducks and Shorebirds in a Coastal Estuary SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; carrying capacity; diving ducks; estuarine; managed wetlands; salt ponds; San Francisco Bay; shorebirds; supratidal ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; EVAPORATION PONDS; ENERGY CONTENT; SALT PONDS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; PLAYA WETLANDS; MOIST-SOIL; SALINITY; HABITAT AB With global loss of natural wetlands, managed wetlands increasingly support energy requirements for wintering shorebirds and waterfowl. Despite numerous studies of avian bioenergetics in freshwater systems, less is known of the energetic capacity of estuarine systems. In San Francisco Bay, managed saline ponds converted from former commercial salt evaporation ponds form part of the largest wetland restoration project on the Pacific coast of North America. A daily-ration model was applied to assess carrying capacity for diving ducks and shorebirds during four winter seasons (2007-2010) in seasonal and circulation ponds, each in two salinity classes. Diving ducks comprised an estimated 35,450 +/- 1,559 ((x) over bar +/- SE) in average years and 45,458 +/- 1,653 in peak years with > 95% in circulation ponds. Shorebirds comprised 64,253 +/- 14,838 ((x) over bar +/- SE) in average years and 108,171 +/- 4,854 in peak years with > 64% in seasonal ponds. Macroinvertebrate energy density was highest in mesohaline (5-30 ppt) circulation ponds and lowest in seasonal ponds for both guilds. Energy requirements for diving ducks in mesohaline followed by low-hyperhaline (30-80 ppt) circulation ponds were mostly met by available prey energy. Available energy for shorebirds was substantially less than they required in seasonal ponds but exceeded their needs in mesohaline circulation ponds. Mesohaline circulation ponds supported 9,443 +/- 1,649 ((x) over bar +/- SE) shorebird use-days.he of accessible habitat and 2,297 +/- 402 diving duck use-days.ha(-1) of accessible habitat, twice the capacity of low-hyperhaline circulation ponds and greater than five times that of seasonal ponds for both guilds. Our results indicated that reducing salinity to mesohaline levels and altering water depth to increase accessibility substantially increased energy available for these species in estuarine managed ponds. C1 [Brand, L. Arriana; Takekawa, John Y.; Shinn, Joel; Graham, Tanya; Buffington, Kevin; Smith, Lacy M.] US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Ben Gustafson, K.] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Brand, L. Arriana; Spring, Sarah E.; Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brand, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM arriana_brand@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project; State Coastal Conservancy; U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Priority Ecosystem Sciences Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Eden Landing Ecological Reserve FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center (S. Schwarzbach) with additional support from the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (J. Bourgeois, S. Ritchie, L. Valoppi) in cooperation with the Point Blue Conservation Science (J. Wood, M. Herzog). Additional support was provided by the State Coastal Conservancy (N. Petersen, A. Hutzel, B. Wilson, B. Buxton, A. Buell), and the U.S. Geological Survey San Francisco Bay Priority Ecosystem Sciences Program (R. Stewart, J. Thompson, coordinators). We thank personnel and biologists of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Eden Landing Ecological Reserve for access, support, and assistance. We thank N. Athearn (coordinator) and the many dedicated individuals that assisted with bathymetry or bird surveys and with invertebrate field collection or processing. We thank the Bohart Museum (University of California, Davis) and W. Fields (Hydrozoologica) for verifying invertebrate identification. We also thank A. Smith and S. De La Cruz for their insights on diets and J. Yee for statistical advice. L. M. Valoppi, S. P. Jones and 4 anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 46 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 52 EP 67 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AC8VL UT WOS:000332813100005 ER PT J AU Tucker, TR Seefelt, NE AF Tucker, Taaja R. Seefelt, Nancy E. TI Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on the Move in the Beaver Archipelago, Northern Lake Michigan SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE distribution; Double-crested Cormorant; foraging patterns; Neogobius melanostomus; Phalacrocorax auritus; round goby ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; YELLOW PERCH; DELTA REGION; MISSISSIPPI; BIOENERGETICS; DISPERSAL AB Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) foraging locations in northern Lake Michigan were recorded in 2003 and 2010. In the interim, the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) appeared in 2006, and control of Double-crested Cormorants was initiated in 2007. Spatial data from 2003 and 2010 were analyzed to determine whether foraging distributions differed between sample periods. A multi-response permutation procedure found that a significant shift in foraging locations occurred between sample periods. Groups of Double-crested Cormorants foraged in the same key locations in both years, but foraging range expanded overall in 2010. Range expansion could be a response to the presence of the round goby, which is an abundant food source throughout Lake Michigan. The 2010 foraging location data corresponded with the early departure of Double-crested Cormorants from the Beaver Archipelago. The combined effects of control and the appearance of round goby in diets resulted in changes in numbers and distributions of foraging Double-crested Cormorants. C1 [Tucker, Taaja R.; Seefelt, Nancy E.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. RP Tucker, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM taajatucker@gmail.com OI Tucker, Taaja/0000-0003-1534-4677 FU Seney National Wildlife Refuge; Central Michigan University's Biology Department FX We thank G. Corace, III, T. Gehring, and A. McNaught for their help in preparation of the original manuscript. M. Rossler and C. Finch provided field assistance. Funding was provided by Seney National Wildlife Refuge and Central Michigan University's Biology Department. We thank S. Riley, Z. Nichols, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This publication is number 28 of the Central Michigan University Institute for Great Lakes Research. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AC8VL UT WOS:000332813100010 ER PT J AU Al-Ameri, TK Najaf, AA Al-Khafaji, AS Zumberge, J Pitman, J AF Al-Ameri, Thamer K. Najaf, Ahmed A. Al-Khafaji, Amer S. Zumberge, John Pitman, Janet TI Hydrocarbon potential of the Sargelu Formation, North Iraq SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE North Iraq; Oil biomarkers; Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation; Source rocks; Cretaceous-Tertiary reservoired oil ID GENERATION; KINETICS; KEROGENS AB Microscopic and chemical analysis of 85 rock samples from exploratory wells and outcrops in northern Iraq indicate that limestone, black shale and marl within the Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation contain abundant oil-prone organic matter. For example, one 7-m (23-ft.)-thick section averages 442 mgHC/g S2 and 439 degrees C Tmax (Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses) and 16 wt.% TOC. The organic matter, comprised principally of brazinophyte algae, dinoflagellate cysts, spores, pollen, foraminiferal test linings and phytoclasts, was deposited in a distal, suboxic to anoxic basin and can be correlated with kerogens classified as type A and type B or, alternatively, as type II. The level of thermal maturity is within the oil window with TAI=3(-) to 3(+), based on microspore colour of light yellowish brown to brown. Accordingly, good hydrocarbon generation potential is predicted for this formation. Terpane and sterane biomarker distributions, as well as stable isotope values, were determined for oils and potential source rock extracts to determine valid oil-to-source rock correlations. Two subfamily carbonate oil types-one of Middle Jurassic age (Sargelu) carbonate rock and the other of Upper Jurassic/Cretaceous age-as well as a different oil family related to Triassic marls, were identified based on multivariate statistical analysis (HCA and PCA). Middle Jurassic subfamily A oils from Demir Dagh oil field correlate well with rich, marginally mature, Sargelu source rocks in well MK-2 near the city of Baiji. In contrast, subfamily B oils have a greater proportion of R-28 steranes, indicating they were generated from Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous carbonates such as those at Gillabat oil field north of Mansuriyah Lake. Oils from Gillabat field thus indicate a lower degree of correlation with the Sargelu source rocks than do oils from Demir Dagh field. One-dimension petroleum system models of key wells were developed using IES PetroMod Software to evaluate burial-thermal history, source-rock maturity and the timing and extent of petroleum generation; interpreted well logs served as input to the models. The oil-generation potential of sulphur-rich Sargelu source rocks was simulated using closed system type II-S kerogen kinetics. Model results indicate that throughout northern Iraq, generation and expulsion of oil from the Sargelu began and ended in the late Miocene. At present, Jurassic source rocks might have generated and expelled between 70 % and 100 % of their total oil. C1 [Al-Ameri, Thamer K.] Univ Baghdad, Coll Sci, Dept Geol, Jadiriyah, Iraq. [Najaf, Ahmed A.] Univ Al Nahrain, Coll Sci, Dept Chem, Baghdad, Iraq. [Al-Khafaji, Amer S.] Univ Babylon, Coll Sci Woman, Dept Chem, Hilla, Iraq. [Zumberge, John] GeoMark Res Ltd, Houston, TX 77095 USA. [Pitman, Janet] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Najaf, Ahmed A.] Univ Al Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Najaf, AA (reprint author), Univ Al Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq. EM drahmedaskar@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1866-7511 EI 1866-7538 J9 ARAB J GEOSCI JI Arab. J. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 987 EP 1000 DI 10.1007/s12517-013-0875-8 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC4JS UT WOS:000332487800012 ER PT J AU O'Neel, S Hood, E Arendt, A Sass, L AF O'Neel, Shad Hood, Eran Arendt, Anthony Sass, Louis TI Assessing streamflow sensitivity to variations in glacier mass balance SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER; ALASKA; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; USA; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB We examine long-term streamflow and mass balance data from two Alaskan glaciers located in climatically distinct basins: Gulkana Glacier, a continental glacier located in the Alaska Range, and Wolverine Glacier, a maritime glacier located in the Kenai Mountains. Over the 1966-2011 study interval, both glaciers lost mass, primarily as a result of summer warming, and streamflow increased in both basins. We estimate total glacier runoff via summer mass balance and quantify the fraction of runoff related to annual mass imbalances. In both climates, annual (net) mass balance contributes, on average, less than 20 % of total streamflow, substantially less than the fraction related to summer mass loss (> 50 %), which occurs even in years of glacier growth. The streamflow fraction related to changes in annual balance increased significantly only in the continental environment. In the maritime climate, where deep winter snowpacks and frequent rain events drive consistently high runoff, the magnitude of this streamflow fraction was small and highly variable, precluding detection of any existing trend. Furthermore, our findings suggest that glacier mass change is likely to impact total basin water yield, timing of runoff and water quality in the continental environment. However, the impacts of maritime glacier change appear more likely to be limited to water quality and runoff timing. C1 [O'Neel, Shad; Sass, Louis] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska Southeast, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK USA. [Arendt, Anthony] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Neel, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM shad.oneel@gmail.com OI Sass, Louis/0000-0003-4677-029X FU U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0943599]; NASA's Cryospheric Sciences program [NNX13AK37G] FX Funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research and Development program, the U.S. Department of Interior Alaska Climate Science Center, the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0943599) and NASA's Cryospheric Sciences program (NNX13AK37G) supported this research. J. Rich provided assistance with figure production. We thank Rod March, Larry Mayo and Dennis Trabant, along with countless others that have participated in constructing the benchmark glacier records that form the backbone of this study. Andrew Fountain, Matthias Huss and Jeremy Littell provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2014 VL 123 IS 2 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-1042-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC6SW UT WOS:000332656100019 ER PT J AU Bodi, MB Martin, DA Balfour, VN Santin, C Doerr, SH Pereira, P Cerda, A Mataix-Solera, J AF Bodi, Merche B. Martin, Deborah A. Balfour, Victoria N. Santin, Cristina Doerr, Stefan H. Pereira, Paulo Cerda, Artemi Mataix-Solera, Jorge TI Wild land fire ash: Production, composition and eco-hydro-geomorphic effects SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Pyrogenic carbon; Mineral ash; Ash redistribution; Carbon and nutrient cycles; Soil properties; Water quality ID SLASH-AND-BURN; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; POSTFIRE SURFACE COVER; SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; 2 CONTRASTING SOILS; CERRO-GRANDE FIRE; OAK QUERCUS-SUBER; BLACK CARBON AB Fire transforms fuels (i.e. biomass, necromass, soil organic matter) into materials with different chemical and physical properties. One of these materials is ash, which is the particulate residue remaining or deposited on the ground that consists of mineral materials and charred organic components. The quantity and characteristics of ash produced during a wildland fire depend mainly on (I) the total burned fuel (i.e. fuel load), (2) fuel type and (3) its combustion completeness. For a given fuel load and type, a higher combustion completeness will reduce the ash organic carbon content, increasing the relative mineral content, and hence reducing total mass of ash produced. The homogeneity and thickness of the ash layer can vary substantially in space and time and reported average thicknesses range from close to 0 to 50 mm. Ash is a highly mobile material that, after its deposition, may be incorporated into the soil profile, redistributed or removed from a burned site within days or weeks by wind and water erosion to surface depressions, footslopes, streams, lakes, reservoirs and, potentially, into marine deposits. Research on the composition, properties and effects of ash on the burned ecosystem has been conducted on material collected in the field after wildland and prescribed fires as well as on material produced in the laboratory. At low combustion completeness (typically T < 450 degrees C), ash is organic-rich, with organic carbon as the main component. At high combustion completeness (T> 450 degrees C), most organic carbon is volatized and the remaining mineral ash has elevated pH when in solution. It is composed mainly of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, silicon and phosphorous in the form of inorganic carbonates, whereas at T> 580 degrees C the most common forms are oxides. Ash produced under lower combustion completeness is usually darker, coarser, and less dense and has a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity than ash with higher combustion completeness, although physical reactions with CO2 and when moistened produce further changes in ash characteristics. As a new material present after a wildland fire, ash can have profound effects on ecosystems. It affects biogeochemical cycles, including the C cycle, not only within the burned area, but also globally. Ash incorporated into the soil increases temporarily soil pH and nutrient pools and changes physical properties such as albedo, soil texture and hydraulic properties including water repellency. Ash modifies soil hydrologic behavior by creating a two-layer system: the soil and the ash layer, which can function in different ways depending on (1) ash depth and type, (2) soil type and (3) rainfall characteristics. Key parameters are the ash's water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity and its potential to clog soil pores. Runoff from burned areas carries soluble nutrients contained in ash, which can lead to problems for potable water supplies. Ash deposition also stimulates soil microbial activity and vegetation growth. Further work is needed to (1) standardize methods for investigating ash and its effects on the ecosystem, (2) characterize ash properties for specific ecosystems and wildland fire types, (3) determine the effects of ash on human and ecosystem health, especially when transported by wind or water, (4) investigate ash's controls on water and soil losses at slope and catchment scales, (5) examine its role in the C cycle, and (6) study its redistribution and fate in the environment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bodi, Merche B.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, ECOBE Ecosyst Management Res Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Bodi, Merche B.; Cerda, Artemi] Univ Valencia, Dept Geog, SEDER Soil Eros & Degradat Res Grp, Valencia, Spain. [Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Balfour, Victoria N.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Santin, Cristina; Doerr, Stefan H.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Pereira, Paulo] Mykolas Romeris Univ, Ctr Environm Management, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Mataix-Solera, Jorge] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Agroquim & Medio Ambiente, GEA Grp Edafol Ambiental, Elche, Spain. RP Bodi, MB (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, ECOBE, Campus Drie Eiken DC 116,Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM bbmerche@gmail.com RI Doerr, Stefan/G-5456-2012; Santin, Cristina/B-3148-2015; Cerda, Artemi/I-4670-2013; Pereira, Paulo/O-1845-2016; OI Doerr, Stefan/0000-0002-8700-9002; Santin, Cristina/0000-0001-9901-2658; Cerda, Artemi/0000-0001-5326-4489; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0003-0227-2010; Mataix-Solera, Jorge/0000-0003-2789-9936 FU Fundacion Ramon Areces; SOGLO; National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; HYDFIRE Project [CGL2010-21670-0O2-01]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; EPSRC Bridging the Gaps Grant [BTGE091]; National Science Foundation in USA [1014938]; Lithuanian Research Council and the European Research Project LEDDRA [243857]; 'Litfire' Project [MIP-048/2011]; [EX2010-0498] FX The authors acknowledge Sheila Murphy, USGS, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported financially by a mobility postdoctoral fellowship (Fundacion Ramon Areces) and SOGLO research project (Bodi); the National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (Martin); a mobility postdoctoral fellowship (EX2010-0498; Santin) and the HYDFIRE Project (CGL2010-21670-0O2-01, Mataix-Solera) supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; an EPSRC Bridging the Gaps Grant (BTGE091; Doerr); a grant from the National Science Foundation in USA (# 1014938; Balfour), the 'Litfire' Project (MIP-048/2011; Pereira) funded by the Lithuanian Research Council and the European Research Project LEDDRA (243857, Cerda). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 272 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 11 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 130 BP 103 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.007 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AC3OU UT WOS:000332431900005 ER PT J AU Kassotis, CD Tillitt, DE Davis, JW Hormann, AM Nagel, SC AF Kassotis, Christopher D. Tillitt, Donald E. Davis, J. Wade Hormann, Annette M. Nagel, Susan C. TI Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities of Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Surface and Ground Water in a Drilling-Dense Region SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; IN-VITRO BIOASSAYS; WASTE-WATER; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; MARCELLUS SHALE; ANTI-ANDROGENS; GAS EXTRACTION; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB The rapid rise in natural gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing increases the potential for contamination of surface and ground water from chemicals used throughout the process. Hundreds of products containing more than 750 chemicals and components are potentially used throughout the extraction process, including more than 100 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We hypothesized that a selected subset of chemicals used in natural gas drilling operations and also surface and ground water samples collected in a drilling-dense region of Garfield County, Colorado, would exhibit estrogen and androgen receptor activities. Water samples were collected, solid-phase extracted, and measured for estrogen and androgen receptor activities using reporter gene assays in human cell lines. Of the 39 unique water samples, 89%, 41%, 12%, and 46% exhibited estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, and antiandrogenic activities, respectively. Testing of a subset of natural gas drilling chemicals revealed novel antiestrogenic, novel antiandrogenic, and limited estrogenic activities. The Colorado River, the drainage basin for this region, exhibited moderate levels of estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities, suggesting that higher localized activity at sites with known natural gas-related spills surrounding the river might be contributing to the multiple receptor activities observed in this water source. The majority of water samples collected from sites in a drilling-dense region of Colorado exhibited more estrogenic, antiestrogenic, or antiandrogenic activities than reference sites with limited nearby drilling operations. Our data suggest that natural gas drilling operations may result in elevated endocrine-disrupting chemical activity in surface and ground water. C1 [Kassotis, Christopher D.; Hormann, Annette M.; Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kassotis, Christopher D.; Hormann, Annette M.; Nagel, Susan C.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Davis, J. Wade] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Davis, J. Wade] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nagel, SC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, M659 Med Sci Bldg,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM nagels@health.missouri.edu OI Nagel, Susan C./0000-0003-4703-7604 FU Passport Foundation Science Innovation Fund; University of Missouri; STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement; US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-91747101-1] FX This work was supported by grants from the Passport Foundation Science Innovation Fund, the University of Missouri, and STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement (FP-91747101-1 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency to C. D. K.). The views and conclusions herein represent the views of authors from the University of Missouri and also the views of the US Geological Survey; however, they do not represent the views of the Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 80 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 155 IS 3 BP 897 EP 907 DI 10.1210/en.2013-1697 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AC2ZF UT WOS:000332384100026 PM 24424034 ER PT J AU Merson, SD Ouwerkerk, D Gulino, LM Klieve, A Bonde, RK Burgess, EA Lanyon, JM AF Merson, Samuel D. Ouwerkerk, Diane Gulino, Lisa-Maree Klieve, Athol Bonde, Robert K. Burgess, Elizabeth A. Lanyon, Janet M. TI Variation in the hindgut microbial communities of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris over winter in Crystal River, Florida SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; faeces; colon; 16S rRNA gene; 454-pyrosequencing ID WEST-INDIAN MANATEE; DUGONGS DUGONG-DUGON; WARM-WATER; DIET; DIVERSITY; WILD; FERMENTATION; BACTERIA; ECOLOGY; SAMPLES AB The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, is a hindgut-fermenting herbivore. In winter, manatees migrate to warm water overwintering sites where they undergo dietary shifts and may suffer from cold-induced stress. Given these seasonally induced changes in diet, the present study aimed to examine variation in the hindgut bacterial communities of wild manatees overwintering at Crystal River, west Florida. Faeces were sampled from 36 manatees of known sex and body size in early winter when manatees were newly arrived and then in mid-winter and late winter when diet had probably changed and environmental stress may have increased. Concentrations of faecal cortisol metabolite, an indicator of a stress response, were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Using 454-pyrosequencing, 2027 bacterial operational taxonomic units were identified in manatee faeces following amplicon pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3/V4 region. Classified sequences were assigned to eight previously described bacterial phyla; only 0.36% of sequences could not be classified to phylum level. Five core phyla were identified in all samples. The majority (96.8%) of sequences were classified as Firmicutes (77.3 +/- 11.1% of total sequences) or Bacteroidetes (19.5 +/- 10.6%). Alpha-diversity measures trended towards higher diversity of hindgut microbiota in manatees in mid-winter compared to early and late winter. Beta-diversity measures, analysed through permanova, also indicated significant differences in bacterial communities based on the season. C1 [Merson, Samuel D.; Burgess, Elizabeth A.; Lanyon, Janet M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Vertebrate Ecol Res Grp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ouwerkerk, Diane; Gulino, Lisa-Maree] Agri Sci Queensland, Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Rumen Ecol Unit, Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Ouwerkerk, Diane; Gulino, Lisa-Maree; Klieve, Athol] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Ctr Anim Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Klieve, Athol] Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Lanyon, JM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Vertebrate Ecol Res Grp, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM j.lanyon@uq.edu.au RI Ouwerkerk, Diane/B-7881-2015; OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Winifred Violet Scott Foundation; Sea World Australia; Queensland-Smithsonian fellowship FX Manatee faeces were collected under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service federal research permit MA791721 issued to Sirenia Project, United States Geological Survey, and imported into Australia under CITES permit 2010-AU-608083 and AQIS IP10018161. Thanks to Helen Sneath (University of Queensland) for assistance in the field, and Damien Finn and Emilio Martinez (Rumen Ecology Unit, DAFF) for assistance in the laboratory. This project was funded by the Winifred Violet Scott Foundation and Sea World Australia. A Queensland-Smithsonian fellowship awarded to EAB funded the faecal cortisol assays. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Order of authorship follows the 'first-last-then others-author-emphasis' approach. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 EI 1574-6941 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 87 IS 3 BP 601 EP 615 DI 10.1111/1574-6941.12248 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AC0TG UT WOS:000332207200005 PM 24215517 ER PT J AU Millsap, BA Harmata, AR Stahlecker, DW Mikesic, DG AF Millsap, Brian A. Harmata, Alan R. Stahlecker, Dale W. Mikesic, David G. TI NATAL DISPERSAL DISTANCE OF BALD AND GOLDEN EAGLES ORIGINATING IN THE COTERMINOUS UNITED STATES AS INFERRED FROM BAND ENCOUNTERS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Golden Eagle; Aquila chrysaetos; bird banding; dispersal; natal dispersal; sex-biased dispersal ID BREEDING DISPERSAL; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; SURVIVAL AB We reviewed band encounter data for Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chlysaetos) to estimate natal dispersal distances for both species in the coterminous United States (U.S.). We filtered band recovery data to focus on individuals banded as nestlings, encountered at ages old enough to be breeding, and encountered at times of the year when they may be at or near breeding or prospective breeding sites. Our final data set included 96 Golden Eagles and 878 Bald Eagles. Distances between banding and subsequent encounter sites for both species were lognormally distributed. We employed both traditional and Bayesian methods of analysis, and obtained similar results from both approaches. Bayesian analysis of banding data suggest a median natal dispersal distance of 69.2 (95% highest density interval [HDI] = 63.5-73.1) km for Bald Eagles and 46.4 (HDI = 36.0-55.2) km for Golden Eagles. Median natal dispersal distance for female Bald Eagles 78.3 was (HDI = 35.4-128.6) km greater than for males; we lacked sufficient data to analyze natal dispersal distance by sex for Golden Eagles. Median Bald Eagle natal dispersal distance did not differ among eight regional populations, but there was evidence of a trend toward increasing natal dispersal distance from east to west across the coterminous U.S. Our findings are compatible with natal dispersal data in the literature for both species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service uses estimated natal dispersal distance of Bald and Golden eagles to set one of the geographic scales at which the effects of permits that authorize the "take" (removal from the wild) of eagles is evaluated. Our analyses suggest that choice of a natal dispersal value in the range of the 50th-90th quantile of the distribution as an effect-area for modeling or effect-assessment for both species of eagle is reasonable. For Golden Eagles, this range is 46-175 km, and for Bald Eagles 69-346 km. C1 [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Harmata, Alan R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Stahlecker, Dale W.] Eagle Environm Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Mikesic, David G.] Navajo Nation Zoo, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. RP Millsap, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 2105 Osuna NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM brian_a_millsap@fws.gov FU Navajo Nation Department of Justice; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of the Science Advisor; Division of Migratory Bird Management FX We thank the many licensed bird banders whose records are included here; without their dedicated efforts, analyses such as this would not be possible. We are especially indebted to K. Keller, whose extensive and long-term banding of Utah Golden Eagle nestlings resulted in the largest proportion of encounters for that species in this analysis. Navajo Nation Department of Justice provided financial resources and M. Harmata extended exceptional tolerance of the junior authors and logistical support of this effort. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of the Science Advisor and the Division of Migratory Bird Management. We thank M. Otto for statistical advice. P. Whitfield, C. McIntyre, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on drafts of our paper. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AC7YQ UT WOS:000332750600002 ER PT J AU Sampath, A Heidemann, HK Stensaas, GL Christopherson, JB AF Sampath, Aparajithan Heidemann, Hans K. Stensaas, Gregory L. Christopherson, Jon B. TI ASPRS Research on Quantifying the Geometric Quality of Lidar Data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing's Lidar Cal/Val (calibration/validation) Working Group led by the US Geological. Survey (USGS) to establish "Guidelines on Geometric Accuracy and Quality of Lidar Data" has made excellent progress via regular teleconferences and meetings. The group is focused on identifying data quality metrics and establishing a set of guidelines for quantifying the quality of lidar. data. The working group has defined and agreed on lidar Data Quality Measures (DQMs) to be used for this purpose. The DQMs are envisaged as the first ever consistent way of checking lidar data. It is expected that these metrics will be used as standard methods for quantifying the geometric quality of lidar data. The goal of this article is to communicate these developments to readers and the larger geospatial community and invite them to participate in the process. C1 [Sampath, Aparajithan; Heidemann, Hans K.; Stensaas, Gregory L.; Christopherson, Jon B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sampath, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Mundt Fed Bldg,47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. OI Sampath, Aparajithan/0000-0002-6922-4913 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 80 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC3OB UT WOS:000332430000002 ER PT J AU Olsson, AD Morisette, JT AF Olsson, Aaryn D. Morisette, Jeffrey T. TI Comparison of Simulated HyspIRI with Two Multispectral Sensors for Invasive Species Mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BUFFELGRASS PENNISETUM-CILIARE; SONORAN DESERT; EO-1 HYPERION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ARIZONA UPLAND; PLANT; GRASS; COVER; TRANSFORMATION AB This paper assesses the potential of a single HyspIRI scene to estimate cover of the non-native invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) in a heterogeneous Sonoran Desert scrub ecosystem. We simulated HyspIRI (60 m) along with two multispectral sensors, Thematic Mapper (TM; 30m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Spectrometer (ASTER; 15m), from high-resolution Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS; 3.2m) imagery in an area infested by buffelgrass near Tucson, Arizona. We compared classification accuracies of all simulated sensors at spatial resolutions of 15m, 30m, and 60m to evaluate tradeoffs of spectral and spatial resolution across the sensors. Although spectroscopically superior to Landsat TM and ASTER, ASTER easily outperformed HYSPIRI for small infestations (225m(2)) on account of its spatial resolution. Shortwave-infrared bands near 2.2 mu m were key indicators for both HyspIRI and ASTER, highlighting the benefit of narrow-wave SWIR for mapping invasive species in arid ecosystems. C1 [Olsson, Aaryn D.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Olsson, AD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, 1298 S Knoles Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM aaryno@gmail.com FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1722]; US Geological Survey's Invasive Species program FX The authors want to thank four reviewers who provided valuable comments that helped improve the paper. Aaryn Olsson's work was partially supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project ID RC-1722. Jeffrey T. Morisette's work on this paper was supported by the US Geological Survey's Invasive Species program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 80 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC3OB UT WOS:000332430000005 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Hapeman, CJ Rice, CP Hively, WD McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Lang, MW Whitall, DR Bialek, K Downey, P AF McCarty, Gregory W. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McConnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. Lang, Megan W. Whitall, David R. Bialek, Krystyna Downey, Peter TI Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Choptank River; Chesapeake Bay; 2-[2-ethyl-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-y1)-6; methylanilino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid; Nitrate-N; Well-drained upland; Poorly-drained upland ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; DELMARVA PENINSULA; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPES; FORESTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; TRANSFORMATION AB Over 50% of streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been rated as poor or very poor based on the index of biological integrity. The Choptank River estuary, a Bay tributary on the eastern shore, is one such waterway, where corn and soybean production in upland areas of the watershed contribute significant loads of nutrients and sediment to streams. We adopted a novel approach utilizing the relationship between the concentration of nitrate-N and the stable, water-soluble herbicide degradation product MESA (2-12-ethyl-N-(1methoxypropan-2-y1)-6-methylanilino1-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) to distinguish between dilution and denitrification effects on the stream concentration of nitrate-N in agricultural subwatersheds. The ratio of mean nitrate-N concentration/(mean MESA concentration * 1000) for 15 subwatersheds was examined as a function of percent cropland on hydric soil. This inverse relationship (R-2 = 0.65, p <0.001) takes into consideration not only dilution and denitrification of nitrate-N, but also the stream sampling bias of the croplands caused by extensive drainage ditch networks. MESA was also used to track nitrate-N concentrations within the estuary of the Choptank River. The relationship between nitrate-N and MESA concentrations in samples collected over three years was linear (0.95 +/- 0.99) for all eight sampling dates except one where R-2 = 0.90. This very strong correlation indicates that nitrate-N was conserved in much of the Choptank River estuary, that dilution alone is responsible for the changes in nitrate-N and MESA concentrations, and more-importantly nitrate-N loads are not reduced in the estuary prior to entering the Chesapeake Bay. Thus, a critical need exists to minimize nutrient export from agricultural production fields and to identify specific conservation practices to address the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. In well drained areas, removal of residual N within the cropland is most critical, and practices such as cover crops which sequester the residual N should be strongly encouraged. In poorly drained areas where denitrification can occur, wetland restoration and controlled drained structures that minimize ditch flow should be used to maximize denitrification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McCarty, Gregory W.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Rice, Clifford P.; McConnell, Laura L.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Bialek, Krystyna; Downey, Peter] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] USDA ARS, US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lang, Megan W.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv USFS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; US Geological Survey; USDA-Forest Service; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the extensive discussions and reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by Thomas Jordon (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD), Thomas Fisher (University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies, Cambridge, MD), Alba Torrents and Marybeth Shea (University of Maryland, College Park, MD), and Dianna Hogan (USGS, Reston, VA); Jonathan Angier (formerly USDA-ARS) for his early work on nitrate-N and MESA; the dedicated contributions of Anne Lynn, Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Annapolis, Maryland; field and technical staff team members Paul Biddle, Anne Gustafson, and Walter Stracke; and many student contributors, especially Molly Monahan, Andrew Kim, Antonio Pereira, Sarah Waterworth, Gabriela Nifio de Guzman, Adrienne Sutton, and Kusuma Prabhakara. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS intramural research National Programs 211 Water Availability and Watershed Management and 212 Climate Change, Soils, and Emissions; US Geological Survey; USDA-Forest Service; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; and USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP (Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness within the Choptank River Watershed). NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 473 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6UB UT WOS:000331923900053 PM 24388901 ER PT J AU Coes, AL Paretti, NV Foreman, WT Iverson, JL Alvarez, DA AF Coes, Alissa L. Paretti, Nicholas V. Foreman, William T. Iverson, Jana L. Alvarez, David A. TI Sampling trace organic compounds in water: A comparison of a continuous active sampler to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Trace organic compounds; Sampling method; Continuous active sampler; Continuous passive sampler; Discrete samples ID CHEMICAL INTEGRATIVE SAMPLER; SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; RIVER; PHARMACEUTICALS; EFFLUENT; SORPTION; POCIS AB A continuous active sampling method was compared to continuous passive and discrete sampling methods for the sampling of trace organic compounds (TOCs) in water. Results from each method are compared and contrasted in order to provide information for future investigators to use while selecting appropriate sampling methods for their research. The continuous low-level aquatic monitoring (CLAM) sampler (C.I.Agent (R) Storm-Water Solutions) is a submersible, low flow-rate sampler, that continuously draws water through solid-phase extraction media. CLAM samplers were deployed at two wastewater-dominated stream field sites in conjunction with the deployment of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and the collection of discrete (grab) water samples. All samples were analyzed for a suite of 69 TOCs. The CLAM and POCIS samples represent time-integrated samples that accumulate the TOCs present in the water over the deployment period (19-23 h for CLAM and 29 days for POCIS); the discrete samples represent only the TOCs present in the water at the time and place of sampling. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis were used to examine patterns in both TOC detections and relative concentrations between the three sampling methods. A greater number of TOCs were detected in the CLAM samples than in corresponding discrete and POCIS samples, but TOC concentrations in the CLAM samples were significantly lower than in the discrete and (or) POCIS samples. Thirteen TOCs of varying polarity were detected by all of the three methods. TOC detections and concentrations obtained by the three sampling methods, however, are dependent on multiple factors. This study found that stream discharge, constituent loading, and compound type all affected TOC concentrations detected by each method. In addition, TOC detections and concentrations were affected by the reporting limits, bias, recovery, and performance of each method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coes, Alissa L.; Paretti, Nicholas V.] US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Foreman, William T.; Iverson, Jana L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Coes, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Arizona Water Sci Ctr, 520 North Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM alcoes@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Field Team; U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Field Team and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory. Thanks to Brent Hepner and Jamie Aderhold of C.I.Agent Storm-Water Solutions for technical discussions. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 473 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.082 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6UB UT WOS:000331923900077 PM 24419241 ER PT J AU West, ME Haeussler, PJ Ruppert, NA Freymueller, JT AF West, Michael E. Haeussler, Peter J. Ruppert, Natalia A. Freymueller, Jeffley T. TI Why the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake Matters 50 Years Later SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [West, Michael E.; Ruppert, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffley T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Freymueller, Jeffley T.] Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Seism Hazards Safety Commiss, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP West, ME (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Earthquake Ctr, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mewest@alaska.edu; pheuslr@usgs.gov; natasha@giseis.alaska.edu; jeff.freymueller@gi.alaska.edu OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1785/0220140020 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AC8SF UT WOS:000332804400001 ER PT J AU Martin, TE AF Martin, Thomas E. TI A Conceptual Framework for Clutch-Size Evolution in Songbirds SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE nest predation; developmental strategy; parental care; reproductive effort; fledgling mortality; age-specific mortality ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POSTFLEDGING PARENTAL CARE; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; NEST PREDATION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BROOD DIVISION; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; FLEDGLING OVENBIRDS; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; WILSONIA-CITRINA AB Causes of evolved differences in clutch size among songbird species remain debated. I propose a new conceptual framework that integrates aspects of traditional life-history theory while including novel elements to explain evolution of clutch size among songbirds. I review evidence that selection by nest predation on length of time that offspring develop in the nest creates a gradient in offspring characteristics at nest leaving (fledging), including flight mobility, spatial dispersion, and self-feeding rate. I postulate that this gradient has consequences for offspring mortality rates and parental energy expenditure per offspring. These consequences then determine how reproductive effort is partitioned among offspring, while reproductive effort evolves from age-specific mortality effects. Using data from a long-term site in Arizona, as well as from the literature, I provide support for hypothesized relationships. Nestling development period consistently explains fledgling mortality, energy expenditure per offspring, and clutch size while accounting for reproductive effort (i.e., total energy expenditure) to thereby support the framework. Tests in this article are not definitive, but they document previously unrecognized relationships and address diverse traits (developmental strategies, parental care strategies, energy requirements per offspring, evolution of reproductive effort, clutch size) that justify further investigations of hypotheses proposed here. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041]; US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program FX I am grateful to K. P. Dial for helpful discussions and to R. J. Fletcher, J. LaManna, J. C. Oteyza, S. Sillett, R. Ton, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. I thank W. A. Cox for sharing independent discovery of a relationship between nestling period and fledgling mortality and for providing additional comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants DEB-0841764 and DEB-1241041) and the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. Work in Arizona was conducted under University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 183 IS 3 BP 313 EP 324 DI 10.1086/674966 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AB2BY UT WOS:000331599200004 PM 24561596 ER PT J AU Lamichhane, K Garcia, SN Huggett, DB DeAngelis, DL La Point, TW AF Lamichhane, Kiran Garcia, Santos N. Huggett, Duane B. DeAngelis, Donald L. La Point, Thomas W. TI Exposures to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline hydrochloride, over multiple generations: Changes in life history Traits in Ceriodaphnia dubia SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Ceriodaphnia dubia; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Chronic toxicity; Multigeneration; Environmentally relevant concentrations ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ANTIDEPRESSANT PHARMACEUTICALS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; METABOLITES; FLUOXETINE; MIXTURE AB Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to range from low parts per trillion to parts per billion levels in surface waters, wastewater effluents, and sediments. These low levels have led to concern for their potential long-term risks to the survival, growth, and reproduction of aquatic organisms. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of sertraline on the life history traits of Ceriodaphnia dubia over the course of three generations under environmentally realistic concentrations. Acute toxicity of sertraline in C dubia offspring resulted in a 48 h median effective concentration of 126 mu g L-1. Under chronic exposure, the lowest concentration to affect fecundity and growth was at 53.4 mu g L-1 in the first two generations. These parameters become more sensitive during the third generation where the LOEC was 4.8 mu g L-1. The median effective concentrations (EC50) for the number of offspring per female, offspring body size, and dry weight were 17.2, 21.2, and 26.2 mu g L-1, respectively. Endpoints measured in this study demonstrate that chronic exposure of C dubia to sertraline leads to effects that occur at concentrations only an order of magnitude higher than predicted environmental concentrations. However, this study also demonstrates that multigenerational effects should be considered in chronic exposure studies because standard toxicity tests do not account for increases in sensitivity in successive generations to toxicants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamichhane, Kiran; Garcia, Santos N.; Huggett, Duane B.; La Point, Thomas W.] Univ N Texas, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lamichhane, K (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76201 USA. EM kiranlamichhane@my.unt.edu; santosgarcia@my.unt.edu; dbhuggett@unt.edu; ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu; thomas.lapoint@unt.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 101 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.026 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AB5UE UT WOS:000331853400019 PM 24507137 ER PT J AU Wen, Z Nichols, JD Pollock, KH Waser, PM AF Wen, Zhi Nichols, James D. Pollock, Kenneth H. Waser, Peter M. TI A robust design capture-recapture model with multiple age classes augmented with population assignment data SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Genetic assignment procedures; Kangaroo rat; Robust design; Single site; Superpopulation; Two age groups ID INTERPOPULATION DISPERSAL; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; KANGAROO RATS; IMMIGRATION; SURVIVAL AB The relative contribution of in situ reproduction versus immigration to the recruitment process is important to ecologists. Here we consider a robust design superpopulation capture-recapture model for a population with two age classes augmented with population assignment data. We first use age information to estimate the entry probabilities of new animals originating via in situ reproduction and immigration separately for all except the first period. Then we combine age and population assignment information with the capture-recapture model, which enables us to estimate the entry probability of in situ births and the entry probability of immigrants separately for all sampling periods. Further, this augmentation of age specific capture-recapture data with population assignment data greatly improves the estimators' precision. We apply our new model to a capture-recapture data set with genetic information for banner-tailed kangaroo rats in Southern Arizona. We find that many more individuals are born in situ than are immigrants for all time periods. Young animals have lower survival probabilities than adults born in situ. Adult animals born in situ have higher survival probabilities than adults that were immigrants. C1 [Wen, Zhi] US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Waser, Peter M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wen, Z (reprint author), US FDA, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM zhiwenislucky@gmail.com FU NSF [DEB 0816925] FX We thank the NSF, for support (DEB 0816925). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 EI 1573-3009 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10651-013-0243-6 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA AB9OU UT WOS:000332125300003 ER PT J AU Merkling, T Chaste, O Blanchard, P Trouve, C Hatch, SA Danchin, E AF Merkling, Thomas Chaste, Olivier Blanchard, Pierrick Trouve, Colette Hatch, Scott A. Danchin, Etienne TI Physiological and fitness correlates of experimentally altered hatching asynchrony magnitude in chicks of a wild seabird SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Corticosterone; Hatching asynchrony; Sexual dimorphism; Sibling competition ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; BASE-LINE CORTICOSTERONE; BODY CONDITION; STRESS-RESPONSE; ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BROOD REDUCTION; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE AB Nest-bound chicks depend entirely on their parents for food, often leading to high sibling competition. Asynchronous hatching, resulting from the onset of incubation before clutch completion, facilitates the establishment of within-nest hierarchy, with younger chicks being subject to lower feeding and growth rates. Because social and nutritional stresses affect baseline stress hormone levels in birds, younger chicks are expected to have higher levels of corticosterone than their siblings. As previous studies showed that hatching asynchrony magnitude influences the course of sibling competition, it should also affect baseline corticosterone. We measured baseline corticosterone at age 5 days in nestling black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in 3 types of experimental broods: synchronous, asynchronous, and highly asynchronous. Sexual dimorphism takes place during chick-rearing and might also influence baseline corticosterone, we thus included chick sex in our analyses and also monitored chick growth and survival. Baseline corticosterone did not differ among A-chicks, but was higher in B-chicks from highly asynchronous broods compared with the other brood types, in line with the presumed increase in nutritional stress. In asynchronous broods, A-chicks had higher baseline corticosterone than their siblings, contrary to our expectations. We interpret that result as a cost of dominance among A-chicks. In line with previous studies, mass gain was negatively correlated with baseline corticosterone levels. We found that baseline corticosterone predicted survival in a sex-specific way. Regardless of hatching rank, males with higher baseline corticosterone suffered higher mortality, suggesting that males were more sensitive to high level of stress, independently of its cause. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Merkling, Thomas; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] CNRS, UPS, ENFA, EDB Lab Evolut & Divers Biol UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Merkling, Thomas; Blanchard, Pierrick; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, ENFA, EDB UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Chaste, Olivier; Trouve, Colette] Ctr Etud Biol Chize, CNRS, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Merkling, T (reprint author), CNRS, UPS, ENFA, EDB Lab Evolut & Divers Biol UMR5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM thomasmerkling00@gmail.com FU "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (LABEX) entitled TULIP [ANR-10-LABX-41]; French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV 'Programme SexCoMonArc') [1162] FX We thank L. Agdere, E. Albert and R. Durieux for their help in the field. We also thank the students who helped with molecular sexing and J.-B. Ferdy for statistical advice. This study was funded as part of a 4-year Grant from the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV 'Programme 1162 SexCoMonArc'), which had no role in study design, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work originated in the lab EDB and was supported by the "Laboratoire d'Excellence" (LABEX) entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41). The experiment was conducted under the approval of the USGS Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee and the IPEV Ethical Committee, in accordance with United States laws and under permits from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Alaska. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 198 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.011 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AB6SY UT WOS:000331921000004 PM 24380674 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Meixell, BW Mallek, EJ AF Flint, Paul L. Meixell, Brandt W. Mallek, Edward J. TI High fidelity does not preclude colonization: range expansion of molting Black Brant on the Arctic coast of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Coastal Plain; Branta bernicla nigricans; dispersal rates; National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska; remigial wing molt; range expansion; site fidelity ID GEESE ANSER-ANSER; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; TESHEKPUK LAKE; SITE FIDELITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB High rates of site fidelity have been assumed to infer static distributions of molting geese in some cases. To test this assumption, we examined movements of individually marked birds to understand the underlying mechanisms of range expansion of molting Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska. The Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA) on the ACP was created to protect the primary molting area of Brant. When established in 1977, the TLSA was thought to include most, if not all, wetlands used by molting Brant on the ACP. From 2010 to 2013, we surveyed areas outside the TLSA and counted an average of 9800 Brant per year, representing 29-37% of all molting Brant counted on the ACP. We captured and banded molting Brant in 2011 and 2012 both within the TLSA and outside the TLSA at the Piasuk River Delta and Cape Simpson to assess movements of birds among areas across years. Estimates of movement rates out of the TLSA exceeded those into the TLSA, demonstrating overall directional dispersal. We found differences in sex and age ratios and proportions of adult females with brood patches, but no differences in mass dynamics for birds captured within and outside the TLSA. Overall fidelity rates to specific lakes (0.81, range= 0.49-0.92) were unchanged from comparable estimates obtained in the early 1990s. We conclude that Brant are dispersing from the TLSA into new molting areas while simultaneously redistributing within the TLSA, likely as a consequence of changes in relative habitat quality. Shifts in distribution resulted from colonization of new areas by young birds as well as low levels of directional dispersal of birds that previously molted in the TLSA. Based on combined counts, the overall number of molting Brant across the ACP has increased substantially. C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Mallek, Edward J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993; Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area FX We thank the numerous technicians that assisted with captures and banding. Arctic Air Alaska, Pollux Aviation, and Webster's Flying Service provided aircraft support. All field activities were permitted by the Bureau of Land Management and methods were approved by the Alaska Science Center Animal Care and Use Committee. Constructive comments on previous drafts of this manuscript were provided by C. Amundson, D. Derksen, J. Pearce, and J.-P. Savard. This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative and is supported by funding from the Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade or product names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 EI 1557-9263 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1111/jofo.12051 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AB6CY UT WOS:000331876400008 ER PT J AU Fraver, S D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Jonsson, BG Jonsson, M Esseen, PA AF Fraver, Shawn D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Mari Esseen, Per-Anders TI Tree growth and competition in an old-growth Picea abies forest of boreal Sweden: influence of tree spatial patterning SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neighbourhood effects; Dendrochronology; Boreal forest; Norway spruce; Tree spatial pattern; Tree mortality; Late-successional forests; Competition index ID HEMLOCK-HARDWOOD FORESTS; INDIVIDUAL TREES; RANDOM MORTALITY; SPRUCE FOREST; WHITE SPRUCE; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCE; NORWAY; SIZE; INDEXES AB Question What factors best characterize tree competitive environments in this structurally diverse old-growth forest, and do these factors vary spatially within and among stands? Location Old-growth Picea abies forest of boreal Sweden. Methods Using long-term, mapped permanent plot data augmented with dendrochronological analyses, we evaluated the effect of neighbourhood competition on focal tree growth by means of standard competition indices, each modified to include various metrics of trees size, neighbour mortality weighting (for neighbours that died during the inventory period), and within-neighbourhood tree clustering. Candidate models were evaluated using mixed-model linear regression analyses, with mean basal area increment as the response variable. We then analysed stand-level spatial patterns of competition indices and growth rates (via kriging) to determine if the relationship between these patterns could further elucidate factors influencing tree growth. Results Inter-tree competition clearly affected growth rates, with crown volume being the size metric most strongly influencing the neighbourhood competitive environment. Including neighbour tree mortality weightings in models only slightly improved descriptions of competitive interactions. Although the within-neighbourhood clustering index did not improve model predictions, competition intensity was influenced by the underlying stand-level tree spatial arrangement: stand-level clustering locally intensified competition and reduced tree growth, whereas in the absence of such clustering, inter-tree competition played a lesser role in constraining tree growth. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that competition continues to influence forest processes and structures in an old-growth system that has not experienced major disturbances for at least two centuries. The finding that the underlying tree spatial pattern influenced the competitive environment suggests caution in interpreting traditional tree competition studies, in which tree spatial patterning is typically not taken into account. Our findings highlight the importance of forest structure - particularly the spatial arrangement of trees - in regulating inter-tree competition and growth in structurally diverse forests, and they provide insight into the causes and consequences of heterogeneity in this old-growth system. C1 [Fraver, Shawn; D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar] Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Nat Sci, S-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. [Jonsson, Mari] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Species Informat Ctr, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Esseen, Per-Anders] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Fraver, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM srfraver@umn.edu; damato@umn.edu; jbradford@usgs.gov; bengt-gunnar.jonsson@miun.se; mari.jonsson@slu.se; per-anders.esseen@emg.umu.se RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Municipality of Sundsvall (Sweden) FX We thank Brittany Armstrong-Gordon and Mats Rydgard for assistance in the field. Suggestions from Tuomas Aakala, Mark Vanderwel and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Municipality of Sundsvall (Sweden). Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1100-9233 EI 1654-1103 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 25 IS 2 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1111/jvs.12096 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA AB3LW UT WOS:000331693300007 ER PT J AU Dettinger, M AF Dettinger, Michael TI CLIMATE CHANGE Impacts in the third dimension SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item C1 [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dettinger, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mddettin@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1038/ngeo2096 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB9DB UT WOS:000332088800005 ER PT J AU Segall, P Anderson, K AF Segall, Paul Anderson, Kyle TI VOLCANOLOGY Look up for magma insights SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; ERUPTIONS; DYNAMICS C1 [Segall, Paul] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Anderson, Kyle] USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Segall, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM segall@stanford.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0001-8041-3996 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 168 EP 169 DI 10.1038/ngeo2064 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB9DB UT WOS:000332088800006 ER PT J AU Yoshinaga, MY Holler, T Goldhammer, T Wegener, G Pohlman, JW Brunner, B Kuypers, MMM Hinrichs, KU Elvert, M AF Yoshinaga, Marcos Y. Holler, Thomas Goldhammer, Tobias Wegener, Gunter Pohlman, John W. Brunner, Benjamin Kuypers, Marcel M. M. Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Elvert, Marcus TI Carbon isotope equilibration during sulphate-limited anaerobic oxidation of methane SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; IN-VITRO; BLACK-SEA; REDUCTION; FRACTIONATION; GAS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; METHANOGENESIS; ARCHAEA AB Collectively, marine sediments comprise the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. The flux of methane from the seabed to the overlying water column is mitigated by the sulphate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine microbes within a discrete sedimentary horizon termed the sulphate-methane transition zone. According to conventional isotope systematics, the biological consumption of methane leaves a residue of methane enriched in C-13 (refs 1-3). However, in many instances the methane within sulphate-methane transition zones is depleted in C-13, consistent with the production of methane, and interpreted as evidence for the intertwined anaerobic oxidation and production of methane(4-6). Here, we report results from experiments in which we incubated cultures of microbial methane consumers with methane and low levels of sulphate, and monitored the stable isotope composition of the methane and dissolved inorganic carbon pools over time. Residual methane became progressively enriched in C-13 at sulphate concentrations above 0.5 mM, and progressively depleted in C-13 below this threshold. We attribute the shift to C-13 depletion during the anaerobic oxidation of methane at low sulphate concentrations to the microbially mediated carbon isotope equilibration between methane and carbon dioxide. We suggest that this isotopic effect could help to explain the C-13-depletion of methane in subseafloor sulphate-methane transition zones. C1 [Yoshinaga, Marcos Y.; Goldhammer, Tobias; Wegener, Gunter; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Elvert, Marcus] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Yoshinaga, Marcos Y.; Goldhammer, Tobias; Wegener, Gunter; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Elvert, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Holler, Thomas; Wegener, Gunter; Brunner, Benjamin; Kuypers, Marcel M. M.] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Wegener, Gunter] Alfred Wegener Inst Marine Ecol & Technol, HGF MPG Res Grp Deep Sea Ecol & Technol, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Pohlman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Yoshinaga, MY (reprint author), Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM marcosyukio@gmail.com; gwegener@mpi-bremen.de RI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/C-7675-2009; Yoshinaga, Marcos /J-4715-2012; OI Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe/0000-0002-0739-9291; Yoshinaga, Marcos /0000-0002-5533-5348; Wegener, Gunter/0000-0002-6819-373X FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; European Research Council under the European Union [247153]; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (through the Research Center/Excellence Cluster MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences); Max-Planck Society FX We thank A. Boetius for providing the investigated seep sediments, G. Spence and the crew of the CCGV John P. Tully for shipboard support at Bullseye vent, G. Klockgether, M. Segl and K. Imhoff for analytical assistance, M. Y. Kellermann for providing the artwork on figures, J. Lipp and F. Schubotz for pore water data from various marine sediments and F. Widdel for insightful discussions. M. Y. Y. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme-'Ideas' Specific Programme, ERC grant agreement No. 247153 (to K-U. H.); G. W. was funded by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (A. Boetius); T. G. and G. W. were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (through the Research Center/Excellence Cluster MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences); T. H., G. W., B. B. and M. M. M. K. were funded through the Max-Planck Society. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1038/NGEO2069 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB9DB UT WOS:000332088800012 ER PT J AU Karlstrom, KE Lee, JP Kelley, SA Crow, RS Crossey, LJ Young, RA Lazear, G Beard, LS Ricketts, J Fox, M Shuster, DL AF Karlstrom, Karl E. Lee, John P. Kelley, Shari A. Crow, Ryan S. Crossey, Laura J. Young, Richard A. Lazear, Greg Beard, L. Sue Ricketts, JasonW. Fox, Matthew Shuster, David L. TI Formation of the Grand Canyon 5 to 6 million years ago through integration of older palaeocanyons SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; COLORADO PLATEAU; HELIUM DIFFUSION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; HE-4/HE-3; UPLIFT; INCISION; MODEL; PLIOCENE; HISTORY AB The timing of formation of the Grand Canyon, USA, is vigorously debated. In one view, most of the canyon was carved by the Colorado River relatively recently, in the past 5-6 million years. Alternatively, the Grand Canyon could have been cut by precursor rivers in the same location and to within about 200 m of its modern depth as early as 70-55 million years ago. Here we investigate the time of formation of four out of five segments of the Grand Canyon, using apatite fission-track dating, track-length measurements and apatite helium dating: if any segment is young, the old canyon hypothesis is falsified. We reconstruct the thermal histories of samples taken from the modern canyon base and the adjacent canyon rim 1,500 m above, to constrain when the rocks cooled as a result of canyon incision. We find that two of the three middle segments, the Hurricane segment and the Eastern Grand Canyon, formed between 70 and 50 million years ago and between 25 and 15 million years ago, respectively. However, the two end segments, the Marble Canyon and the Westernmost Grand Canyon, are both young and were carved in the past 5-6 million years. Thus, although parts of the canyon are old, we conclude that the integration of the Colorado River through older palaeocanyons carved the Grand Canyon, beginning 5-6 million years ago. C1 [Karlstrom, Karl E.; Crow, Ryan S.; Crossey, Laura J.; Ricketts, JasonW.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lee, John P.; Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kelley, Shari A.] New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87810 USA. [Young, Richard A.] SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. [Fox, Matthew; Shuster, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fox, Matthew; Shuster, David L.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Karlstrom, KE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kek1@unm.edu RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011; OI Crossey, Laura/0000-0001-6237-8023 FU NSF from Tectonics Program [EAR-1242028] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR-1242028 from the Tectonics Program. Support for our whitewater raft facility was from the NSF EAR Instrumentation and Facilities Program. We acknowledge a research agreement with Grand Canyon National Park that has allowed river corridor access. Formal reviews by P. Reiners and R. Ingersoll, and an informal review by W. R. Dickinson, helped improve the paper. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1038/NGEO2065 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB9DB UT WOS:000332088800023 ER PT J AU Reinikainen, M D'Amato, AW Bradford, JB Fraver, S AF Reinikainen, Michael D'Amato, Anthony W. Bradford, John B. Fraver, Shawn TI Influence of stocking, site quality, stand age, low-severity canopy disturbance, and forest composition on sub-boreal aspen mixedwood carbon stocks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article DE forest carbon; forest disturbance; defoliating insects; resilience; dendroecology; aspen mixedwoods ID TENT CATERPILLAR OUTBREAK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; HARDWOOD FORESTS; SPRUCE BUDWORM; DENSITY INDEX; UNITED-STATES; BALSAM FIR; DYNAMICS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Low-severity canopy disturbance presumably influences forest carbon dynamics during the course of stand development, yet the topic has received relatively little attention. This is surprising because of the frequent occurrence of such events and the potential for both the severity and frequency of disturbances to increase as a result of climate change. We investigated the impacts of low-severity canopy disturbance and average insect defoliation on forest carbon stocks and rates of carbon sequestration in mature aspen mixedwood forests of varying stand age (ranging from 61 to 85 years), overstory composition, stocking level, and site quality. Stocking level and site quality positively affected the average annual aboveground tree carbon increment (C-AAI), while stocking level, site quality, and stand age positively affected tree carbon stocks (C-TREE) and total ecosystem carbon stocks (C-TOTAL). Cumulative canopy disturbance (DIST) was reconstructed using dendroecological methods over a 29-year period. DIST was negatively and significantly related to soil carbon (C-SOIL), and it was negatively, albeit marginally, related to C-TOTAL. Minima in the annual aboveground carbon increment of trees (C-AI) occurred at sites during defoliation of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) by forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner), and minima were more extreme at sites dominated by trembling aspen than sites mixed with conifers. At sites defoliated by forest tent caterpillar in the early 2000s, increased sequestration by the softwood component (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) compensated for overall decreases in C-AI by 17% on average. These results underscore the importance of accounting for low-severity canopy disturbance events when developing regional forest carbon models and argue for the restoration and maintenance of historically important conifer species within aspen mixedwoods to enhance stand-level resilience to disturbance agents and maintain site-level carbon stocks. C1 [Reinikainen, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Cloquet Forestry Ctr, Cloquet, MN 55720 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bradford, John B.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fraver, Shawn] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Reinikainen, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Cloquet Forestry Ctr, Cloquet, MN 55720 USA. EM rein0331@umn.edu RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 FU Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Minnesota Graduate School; family of Henry L. Hansen FX We thank P. Reinikainen Esq., N. Bolton, M. Austin, J. Segari, P. Klockow, and P. Nelson for field assistance. Thanks to J. Hines for assistance in the site selection process and J. Almendinger for his valuable contributions to the overarching study. Additionally, we thank M. and J. Albers for providing forest health inventory data, D. Nelson, M. Carson, and C. Roy for lab assistance, and three reviewers who greatly improved the final manuscript. This research was supported by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and grants from the University of Minnesota Graduate School as well as the family of Henry L. Hansen. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 35 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1139/cjfr-2013-0165 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AB6KS UT WOS:000331897800006 ER PT J AU Allan, AM Hostetler, SW Alder, JR AF Allan, Andrea M. Hostetler, Steven W. Alder, Jay R. TI Analysis of the present and future winter Pacific-North American teleconnection in the ECHAM5 global and RegCM3 regional climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Regional downscaling; PNA teleconnection; Coupled climate models; North American climate ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; SNOWPACK; FREQUENCY; PNA; ASSOCIATIONS; SIMULATION AB We use the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NCEP) and the MPI/ECHAM5 general circulation model to drive the RegCM3 regional climate model to assess the ability of the models to reproduce the spatiotemporal aspects of the Pacific-North American teleconnection (PNA) pattern. Composite anomalies of the NCEP-driven RegCM3 simulations for 1982-2000 indicate that the regional model is capable of accurately simulating the key features (500-hPa heights, surface temperature, and precipitation) of the positive and negative phases of the PNA with little loss of information in the downscaling process. The basic structure of the PNA is captured in both the ECHAM5 global and ECHAM5-driven RegCM3 simulations. The 1950-2000 ECHAM5 simulation displays similar temporal and spatial variability in the PNA index as that of NCEP; however, the magnitudes of the positive and negative phases are weaker than those of NCEP. The RegCM3 simulations clearly differentiate the climatology and associated anomalies of snow water equivalent and soil moisture of the positive and negative PNA phases. In the RegCM3 simulations of the future (2050-2100), changes in the location and extent of the Aleutian low and the continental high over North America alter the dominant flow patterns associated with positive and negative PNA modes. The future projections display a shift in the patterns of the relationship between the PNA and surface climate variables, which suggest the potential for changes in the PNA-related surface hydrology of North America. C1 [Allan, Andrea M.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.; Alder, Jay R.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Allan, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aallan@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Climate and Land Use Program of the United States Geological Survey FX We thank the journal reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We acknowledge the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project for providing access to the reanalysis data and we thank the Max Planck Institute for Meteorologie for providing the 20C and A2 ECHAM5 data. The Oregon State University College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Computing Center provided the infrastructure and support for our regional model simulations and the Climate and Land Use Program of the United States Geological Survey provided funding for this research. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1671 EP 1682 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1910-x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7KV UT WOS:000331969800035 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Goldberg, T Marcquenski, S Olson, W Goetz, F Hershberger, P Hart, L Toohey-Kurth, K AF Wilson, Anna Goldberg, Tony Marcquenski, Susan Olson, Wendy Goetz, Frederick Hershberger, Paul Hart, Lucas Toohey-Kurth, Kathy TI Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Virus Neutralization Assay To Detect Antibodies to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCA-FLAVESCENS; RAINBOW-TROUT; YELLOW PERCH; EGTVED VIRUS; GREAT-LAKES; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SPRING VIREMIA; CARP VIRUS AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a target of surveillance by many state and federal agencies in the United States. Currently, the detection of VHSV relies on virus isolation, which is lethal to fish and indicates only the current infection status. A serological method is required to ascertain prior exposure. Here, we report two serologic tests for VHSV that are nonlethal, rapid, and species independent, a virus neutralization (VN) assay and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show that the VN assay had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 42.9%; the anti-nucleocapsid-blocking ELISA detected nonneutralizing VHSV antibodies at a specificity of 88.2% and a sensitivity of 96.4%. The VN assay and ELISA are valuable tools for assessing exposure to VHSV. C1 [Wilson, Anna; Goldberg, Tony; Toohey-Kurth, Kathy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Marcquenski, Susan] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Fisheries Management, Madison, WI USA. [Olson, Wendy] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pathol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Goetz, Frederick] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA USA. [Hershberger, Paul; Hart, Lucas] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. [Toohey-Kurth, Kathy] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Toohey-Kurth, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kathy.kurth@wvdl.wisc.edu FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, CFDA [11.417]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100123-I] FX This work was supported by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, CFDA no. 11.417. Herring blood plasma was made available through the support of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (project no. 10100123-I). NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1128/CVI.00675-13 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA AB8JT UT WOS:000332036900021 PM 24429071 ER PT J AU Scott, C Wing, BA Bekker, A Planavsky, NJ Medvedev, P Bates, SM Yun, M Lyons, TW AF Scott, Clint Wing, Boswell A. Bekker, Andrey Planavsky, Noah J. Medvedev, Pavel Bates, Steven M. Yun, Misuk Lyons, Timothy W. TI Pyrite multiple-sulfur isotope evidence for rapid expansion and contraction of the early Paleoproterozoic seawater sulfate reservoir SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Precambrian; seawater sulfate; sulfur isotopes; black shales ID PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; GREAT OXIDATION EVENT; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION RATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-SEA; RECORD; BASIN; FRACTIONATION AB Earth's oxygenation is often described in terms of two unidirectional steps at the beginning and end of the Proterozoic Eon, separated by a long-lived intermediate redox state. Recent work defines a more complicated path to oxygenation, exemplified by an apparent drop in oxidation state following the early Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion. The timing of this proposed drop in oxidation state is not well constrained, and it is not clear how it relates to redox conditions during the remainder of the Proterozoic. Here we present a study of pyrite multiple-sulfur isotopes, supported by Fe speciation and organic carbon isotopes, from early Paleoproterozoic black shales. We find evidence for the rapid expansion of the seawater sulfate reservoir during the Great Oxidation Event at ca. 2.3 Ga followed by a subsequent contraction in the size of the seawater sulfate reservoir at ca. 2.05 Ga. This scenario is consistent with the emerging view of a rise and fall in surface oxidation state during the early Paleoproterozoic. Comparison of our new data to other records of the seawater sulfate reservoir suggests that the elevated sulfate concentrations that characterize the early Paleoproterozoic did not return until the late Neoproterozoic. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scott, Clint; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Scott, Clint; Wing, Boswell A.] McGill Univ, Geotop, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bekker, Andrey; Yun, Misuk] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Bekker, Andrey; Planavsky, Noah J.; Bates, Steven M.; Lyons, Timothy W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Medvedev, Pavel] RAS, Karelian Res Ctr, Inst Geol, Petrozavodsk, Russia. RP Scott, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM clintonscott@usgs.gov FU NSERC through a Discovery; CREATE Canadian Astrobiology Training program; FQRNT through the GEOTOP research center; NSF [EAR-05-45484]; NASA Astrobiology Institute Award [NNAO4CCO9A]; NSERC Discovery Grant; NASA Exobiology Program; U.S. National Science Foundation FX We thank David Johnston and an anonymous reviewer for providing thoughtful reviews. C.T.S. and B.A.W. acknowledge support from NSERC through a Discovery grant and the CREATE Canadian Astrobiology Training program. The Stable Isotope Laboratory at McGill is supported by FQRNT through the GEOTOP research center. A.B. acknowledges support from NSF grant EAR-05-45484, NASA Astrobiology Institute Award NNAO4CCO9A, and an NSERC Discovery Grant. The NASA Exobiology Program and the U.S. National Science Foundation provided support to T.W.L. and N.J.P. NR 88 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 389 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.eps1.2013.12.010 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB6TW UT WOS:000331923400010 ER PT J AU Tappa, MJ Ayuso, RA Bodnar, RJ Aylor, JG Beard, J Henika, WS Vazquez, JA Wooden, JL AF Tappa, M. J. Ayuso, R. A. Bodnar, R. J. Aylor, J. G. Beard, J. Henika, W. S. Vazquez, J. A. Wooden, J. L. TI AGE OF HOST ROCKS AT THE COLES HILL URANIUM DEPOSIT, PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, VIRGINIA, BASED ON ZIRCON U-Pb GEOCHRONOLOGY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMITH RIVER ALLOCHTHON; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; METAMICT ZIRCON; ICP-MS; EVOLUTION; LEAD; ISOTOPE; TERRANE; SHRIMP AB New U-Pb zircon SHRIMP geochronology confirms that the Coles Hill uranium deposit in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, is hosted within the Late Ordovician to Silurian Martinsville Intrusive Complex. The meta-igneous host rocks at Coles Hill consist of two units of the Martinsville Intrusive Complex: the felsic Leatherwood Granite and the mafic Rich Acres Formation. Two samples of unmineralized Leatherwood Granite orthogneiss yield Pb-206/U-238 ages between 444.5 +/- 2.5 and 447.5 +/- 1.9 Ma. A third sample of unmineralized Leatherwood Granite orthogneiss shows a wider range in Pb-206/U-238 ages, possibly due to Pb loss, and a Pb-206/Pb-207 age of 452 +/- 18 Ma. Unmineralized Rich Acres Formation amphibolite that cuts the Leatherwood gives a mean Pb-206/U-238 age (426.2 +/- 7.0 Ma), slightly younger than the Leatherwood age. Samples of mineralized orthogneiss and mineralized amphibolite give similar Pb-206/Pb-207 ages of 419 +/- 19 and 426 +/- 21 Ma, respectively. A biotite gneiss unit that underlies the mineralized zone yields a Pb-206/Pb-207 age of 415 +/- 21 Ma, indicating that it is part of the Martinsville Intrusive Complex and not a member of the early Cambrian Fork Mountain Schist, as has been previously reported. A genetic model for the Coles Hill uranium deposit has not yet been developed, although age constraints indicate that mineralization is either late or postmagmatic, and this is consistent with the epigenetic, fracture-controlled nature of the mineralization. Results obtained here do not preclude either the igneous host rocks (or similar rocks at depth) or the sedimentary units in the adjacent Triassic basin as possible sources for the uranium. C1 [Tappa, M. J.; Bodnar, R. J.; Henika, W. S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tappa, M. J.; Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aylor, J. G.] Virginia Uranium Inc, Chatham, VA 24351 USA. [Beard, J.] Virginia Museum Nat Hist, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. [Vazquez, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tappa, MJ (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, JETS, 2224 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM rjb@vt.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Program (MRERP) FX The authors thank Luca Fedele for his assistance with the LA-ICP-MS system at Virginia Tech. We also thank John Jackson and Drew Coleman for their assistance in the processing of samples, and Stewart East for assistance in sample collection. We thank Brad Ito for providing critical electronics support for the SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe. Reviews by F. Corfu and D. Selby improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by a grant to RJB and RAA from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources External Research Program (MRERP). The curation staff at the Virginia Museum of Natural History generously provided access to drill core 41-90A from which samples (41-90A-1, 41-90A-2) were collected. Reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript by R. Tucker and G. Robinson significantly improved the presentation. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 109 IS 2 BP 513 EP 530 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB3GQ UT WOS:000331679700012 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Bradley, BA Brown, CS D'Antonio, C Germino, MJ Grace, JB Hardegree, SP Miller, RF Pyke, DA AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Bradley, Bethany A. Brown, Cynthia S. D'Antonio, Carla Germino, Matthew J. Grace, James B. Hardegree, Stuart P. Miller, Richard F. Pyke, David A. TI Resilience to Stress and Disturbance, and Resistance to Bromus tectorum L. Invasion in Cold Desert Shrublands of Western North America SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE environmental gradients; ecosystem productivity; plant traits; altered fire regimes; cheatgrass; fundamental and realized niche; management strategies; state and transition models ID GREAT-BASIN; SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TRANSITION MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; VEGETATION; WILDFIRE AB Alien grass invasions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are resulting in grass-fire cycles and ecosystem-level transformations that severely diminish ecosystem services. Our capacity to address the rapid and complex changes occurring in these ecosystems can be enhanced by developing an understanding of the environmental factors and ecosystem attributes that determine resilience of native ecosystems to stress and disturbance, and resistance to invasion. Cold desert shrublands occur over strong environmental gradients and exhibit significant differences in resilience and resistance. They provide an excellent opportunity to increase our understanding of these concepts. Herein, we examine a series of linked questions about (a) ecosystem attributes that determine resilience and resistance along environmental gradients, (b) effects of disturbances like livestock grazing and altered fire regimes and of stressors like rapid climate change, rising CO2, and N deposition on resilience and resistance, and (c) interacting effects of resilience and resistance on ecosystems with different environmental conditions. We conclude by providing strategies for the use of resilience and resistance concepts in a management context. At ecological site scales, state and transition models are used to illustrate how differences in resilience and resistance influence potential alternative vegetation states, transitions among states, and thresholds. At landscape scales management strategies based on resilience and resistance-protection, prevention, restoration, and monitoring and adaptive management-are used to determine priority management areas and appropriate actions. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Bradley, Bethany A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Germino, Matthew J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hardegree, Stuart P.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Miller, Richard F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us RI Bradley, Bethany/B-1964-2008 OI Bradley, Bethany/0000-0003-4912-4971 NR 84 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 11 U2 147 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 IS 2 BP 360 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10021-013-9725-5 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7WK UT WOS:000332001500012 ER PT J AU Katz, BG Berndt, MP Crandall, CA AF Katz, B. G. Berndt, M. P. Crandall, C. A. TI Factors affecting the movement and persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the surficial and upper Floridan aquifers in two agricultural areas in the southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Pesticides; Groundwater; Upper Floridan aquifer; Karst ID GROUND-WATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; FLOW PATHS; TRANSPORT; FATE; TRANSFORMATIONS; CONTAMINATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS AB Differences in the degree of confinement, redox conditions, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are the main factors that control the persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) and overlying surficial aquifer beneath two agricultural areas in the southeastern US. Groundwater samples were collected multiple times from 66 wells during 1993-2007 in a study area in southwestern Georgia (ACFB) and from 48 wells in 1997-98 and 2007-08 in a study area in South Carolina (SANT) as part of the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. In the ACFB study area, where karst features are prevalent, elevated nitrate-N concentrations in the oxic unconfined UFA (median 2.5 mg/L) were significantly (p = 0.03) higher than those in the overlying oxic surficial aquifer (median 1.5 mg/L). Concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine (DEA; the most frequently detected pesticide and degradate) were higher in more recent groundwater samples from the ACFB study area than in samples collected prior to 2000. Conversely, in the SANT study area, nitrate-N concentrations in the UFA were mostly < 0.06 mg/L, resulting from anoxic conditions and elevated DOC concentrations that favored denitrification. Although most parts of the partially confined UFA in the SANT study area were anoxic or had mixed redox conditions, water from 28 % of the sampled wells was oxic and had low DOC concentrations. Based on the groundwater age information, nitrate concentrations reflect historic fertilizer N usage in both the study areas, but with a lag time of about 15-20 years. Simulated responses to future management scenarios of fertilizer N inputs indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations would likely persist in oxic parts of the surficial aquifer and UFA for decades even with substantial decreases in fertilizer N inputs over the next 40 years. C1 [Katz, B. G.; Berndt, M. P.; Crandall, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Katz, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2639 North Monroe St, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM brian.katz@dep.state.fl.us FU National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the US Geological Survey FX This research study was funded by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the US Geological Survey. The authors thank the many landowners who gave us permission to collect water samples on their property and the many USGS employees involved in sample collection. The authors also thank J. Tesoriero, P. McMahon, and two anonymous reviewers for critically reviewing and improving earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 6 SI SI BP 2779 EP 2795 DI 10.1007/s12665-013-2657-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AB7KY UT WOS:000331970100023 ER PT J AU Davis, MLES Tenopir, C Allard, S Frame, MT AF Davis, Miriam L. E. Steiner Tenopir, Carol Allard, Suzie Frame, Michael T. TI Facilitating Access to Biodiversity Information: A Survey of Users' Needs and Practices SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Science information; Information needs; Information access; Information providers ID DECISION-MAKING; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; MAKERS; COMMUNICATION; SUPPORT AB Biodiversity information is essential for understanding and managing the environment. However, identifying and providing the forms and types of biodiversity information most needed for research and decision-making is a significant challenge. While research needs and data gaps within particular topics or regions have received substantial attention, other information aspects such as data formats, sources, metadata, and information tools have received little. Focusing on the US southeast, a region of global biodiversity importance, this paper assesses the biodiversity information needs of environmental researchers, managers, and decision makers. Survey results of biodiversity information users' information needs, information-seeking behaviors and preferred information source attributes support previous conclusions that useful biodiversity information must be easily and quickly accessible, available in forms that allow integration and visualization and appropriately matched to users' needs. Survey results concerning additional information aspects suggest successful participation in both the creation and provision of biodiversity information include an increased focus on information search and other tools for data management, discovery, and description. C1 [Davis, Miriam L. E. Steiner; Tenopir, Carol] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Informat & Commun Studies, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Allard, Suzie] Univ Tennessee, Sch Informat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Frame, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Syst, Core Sci Analyt & Synth, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Davis, MLES (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Informat & Commun Studies, 1345 Circle Pk Dr,420 Commun Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM miriams@utk.edu; ctenopir@utk.edu; sallard@utk.edu; mike_frame@usgs.gov OI Tenopir, Carol/0000-0002-9056-8251; Allard, Suzie/0000-0001-9421-3848 FU USGS National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Program FX Many people were involved at various stages in this research and manuscript. Thanks to Beth Meko for her assistance on the literature review, Christopher Caldwell for his work on survey design, and Jana Redmond, Harrison Pang, and Ashley Pruitt for their work on the survey frame. Special thanks to Jean Freeney of US Geological Survey (USGS) for her support throughout the project. This project is based upon work previously supported by the USGS National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Program before its program termination in 2012. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 690 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0229-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB7FX UT WOS:000331956000016 PM 24435878 ER PT J AU Drosos, M Leenheer, JA Avgeropoulos, A Deligiannakis, Y AF Drosos, Marios Leenheer, Jerry A. Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Deligiannakis, Yiannis TI H-binding of size- and polarity-fractionated soil and lignite humic acids after removal of metal and ash components SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Humic acid; Fractionation; Soil; Lignite; H-binding; NICA-Donnan ID PROTON BINDING; ORGANIC-ACIDS; MINERAL SURFACES; COMPOST LEACHATE; HUMUS COATINGS; FULVIC-ACID; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSTANCES; MECHANISM; ALUMINA AB A fractionation technique, combining dialysis removal of metal and ash components with hydrofluoric acid and pH 10 citrate buffer followed by chromatography of dialysis permeate on XAD-8 resin at decreasing pH values, has been applied to lignite humic acid (lignite-HA) and soil humic acid (soil-HA). H-binding data and non ideal competitive adsorption-Donnan model parameters were obtained for the HA fractions by theoretical analysis of H-binding data which reveal a significant increase of the carboxyl and the phenolic charge for the lignite-HA fractions vs. the parental lignite humic acid (L(Parental)HA). The fractionated lignite-HA material consisted mainly of permeate fractions, some of which were fulvic acid-like. The fractionated soil-HA material consisted mainly of large macromolecular structures that did not permeate the dialysis membrane during deashing. Chargeable groups had comparable concentrations in soil-HA fractions and parental soil humic acid (S(Parental)HA), indicating minimal interference of ash components with carboxyl and phenolic (and/or enolic) groups. Fractionation of HA, combined with theoretical analysis of H-binding, can distinguish the supramolecular vs. macromolecular nature of fractions within the same parental HA. C1 [Drosos, Marios; Deligiannakis, Yiannis] Univ Patras, Phys Chem Lab, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Management, Agrinion 30100, Greece. [Leenheer, Jerry A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Avgeropoulos, Apostolos] Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Drosos, M (reprint author), Univ Patras, Phys Chem Lab, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Management, Seferi 2, Agrinion 30100, Greece. EM drosos.marios@gmail.com; leenheer@usgs.gov; aavger@cc.uoi.gr; ideligia@cc.uoi.gr RI Avgeropoulos, Apostolos/I-5772-2012; OI Drosos, Marios/0000-0003-0403-7014 FU University of Ioannina, Greece; USGS; Bodossaki Foundation FX This study was supported financially by the University of Ioannina, Greece and USGS. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. M. D. was supported by the Bodossaki Foundation. We would like to thank Prof. Fritz H. Frimmel and the EBI group of KIT, Germany, for the access to SEC-OCD equipment and support. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 BP 3963 EP 3971 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-2302-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB5IV UT WOS:000331823000071 PM 24297463 ER PT J AU Rogers, MW Barbour, AB Wilson, KL AF Rogers, Mark W. Barbour, Andrew B. Wilson, Kyle L. TI Trade-offs in experimental designs for estimating post-release mortality in containment studies SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tagging; Containment; Post-release mortality; Experimental design ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; FISH AB Estimates of post-release mortality (PRM) facilitate accounting for unintended deaths from fishery activities and contribute to development of fishery regulations and harvest quotas. The most popular method for estimating PRM employs containers for comparing control and treatment fish, yet guidance for experimental design of PRM studies with containers is lacking. We used simulations to evaluate trade-offs in the number of containers (replicates) employed versus the number of fish-per container when estimating tagging mortality. We also investigated effects of control fish survival and how among container variation in survival affects the ability to detect additive mortality. Simulations revealed that high experimental effort was required when: (1) additive treatment mortality was small, (2) control fish mortality was non-negligible, and (3) among container variability in control fish mortality exceeded 10% of the mean. We provided programming code to allow investigators to compare alternative designs for their individual scenarios and expose trade-offs among experimental design options. Results from our simulations and simulation code will help investigators develop efficient PRM experimental designs for precise mortality assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rogers, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Barbour, Andrew B.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Wilson, Kyle L.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Rogers, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM mwrogers@usgs.gov OI Wilson, Kyle/0000-0002-0870-0509 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-E802270] FX We thank Joe Hightower of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve this article. ABB was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-E802270. This article is Contribution 1805 of the United States Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 151 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.020 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AB3GB UT WOS:000331678200015 ER PT J AU Ojha, L McEwen, A Dundas, C Byrne, S Mattson, S Wray, J Masse, M Schaefer, E AF Ojha, Lujendra McEwen, Alfred Dundas, Colin Byrne, Shane Mattson, Sarah Wray, James Masse, Marion Schaefer, Ethan TI HiRISE observations of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; Geological processes; Ices ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; LIQUID WATER; POLAR DUNES; SURFACE; INERTIA; BRINES; SEEPAGE; MISSION; ORIGIN; SYSTEM AB Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are active features on Mars that might require flowing water. Most examples observed through 2011 formed on steep, equator-facing slopes in the southern mid-latitudes. They form and grow during warm seasons and fade and often completely disappear during colder seasons, but recur over multiple Mars years. They are recognizable by their incremental growth, relatively low albedo and downhill orientation. We examined all images acquired by HiRISE during L-s 250-10 degrees (slightly longer than southern summer, L-s 270-360 degrees) of Mars years 30-31 (03/2011-10/2011), and supplemented our results with data from previous studies to better understand the geologic context and characteristics of RSL. We also confirmed candidate and likely sites from previous studies and discovered new RSL sites. We report 13 confirmed RSL sites, including the 7 in McEwen et al. (McEwen et al. [2011]. Science 333(6043), 740-743]. The observed seasonality, latitudinal and slope orientation preferences, and THEMIS brightness temperatures indicate that RSL require warm temperatures to form. We conclude that RSL are a unique phenomenon on Mars, clearly distinct from other slope processes that occur at high latitudes associated with seasonal CO2 frost, and episodic mass wasting on equatorial slopes. However, only 41% (82 out of 200) of the sites that present apparently suitable conditions for RSL formation (steep, equator-facing rocky slopes with bedrock exposure) in the southern mid-latitudes (28-60 degrees S) contain any candidate RSL, with confirmed RSL present only in 7% (13 sites) of those locations. Significant variability in abundance, size and exact location of RSL is also observed at most sites, indicating additional controls such as availability of water or salts that might be playing a crucial role. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ojha, Lujendra; Wray, James] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McEwen, Alfred; Byrne, Shane; Mattson, Sarah; Schaefer, Ethan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dundas, Colin] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Masse, Marion] Polish Acad Sci, Res Ctr Wroclaw, Inst Geol Sci, PL-50449 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Ojha, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM luju@gatech.edu; mcewen@pirlmail.lpl.arizona.edu; cdundas@usgs.gov; shane@lpl.arizona.edu; smattson@pirlmail.lpl.arizona.edu; jwray@eas.gatech.edu; marion.masse@twarda.pan.pl; Schaefer@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Ojha, Lujendra/B-2805-2013; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 FU Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE team FX We thank Joe Levy and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. We are grateful to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE team for financial, operational and scientific support. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 231 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.021 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB3CE UT WOS:000331668100030 ER PT J AU Ye, L Amberg, J Chapman, D Gaikowski, M Liu, WT AF Ye, Lin Amberg, Jon Chapman, Duane Gaikowski, Mark Liu, Wen-Tso TI Fish gut microbiota analysis differentiates physiology and behavior of invasive Asian carp and indigenous American fish SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Asian carp; gizzard shad; gut microbial community; pyrosequencing; silver carp ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SILVER CARP; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; SOIL; INFECTION; INTESTINE AB Gut microbiota of invasive Asian silver carp (SVCP) and indigenous planktivorous gizzard shad (GZSD) in Mississippi river basin were compared using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Analysis of more than 440 000 quality-filtered sequences obtained from the foregut and hindgut of GZSD and SVCP revealed high microbial diversity in these samples. GZSD hindgut (GZSD_H) samples (n = 23) with 47000 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) exhibited the highest alpha-diversity indices followed by SVCP foregut (n = 15), GZSD foregut (n = 9) and SVCP hindgut (SVCP_H) (n = 24). UniFrac distance-based non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the microbiota of GZSD_H and SVCP_H were clearly separated into two clusters: samples in the GZSD cluster were observed to vary by sampling location and samples in the SVCP cluster by sampling date. NMDS further revealed distinct microbial community between foregut to hindgut for individual GZSD and SVCP. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were detected as the predominant phyla regardless of fish or gut type. The high abundance of Cyanobacteria observed was possibly supported by their role as the fish's major food source. Furthermore, unique and shared OTUs and OTUs in each gut type were identified, three OTUs from the order Bacteroidales, the genus Bacillariophyta and the genus Clostridium were found significantly more abundant in GZSD_H (14.9-22.8%) than in SVCP_H (0.13-4.1%) samples. These differences were presumably caused by the differences in the type of food sources including bacteria ingested, the gut morphology and digestion, and the physiological behavior between GZSD and SVCP. C1 [Ye, Lin; Liu, Wen-Tso] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Amberg, Jon; Gaikowski, Mark] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Chapman, Duane] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wtliu@illinois.edu RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011; Ye, Lin/F-9709-2013; OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803; Ye, Lin/0000-0002-4682-8917; Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 FU United States Geological Survey FX We thank Ya Zhang, Na Kyung Kim, Fangqiong Ling, Chiachi Hwang and Hideyuki Tamaki for technical assistance. This work was funded by a collaborative grant through United States Geological Survey. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the original submission. Last, we would like to thank Duane Raver, Jr for providing original illustrations of SVCP and GZSD used in Figure 1. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1038/ismej.2013.181 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA AB6EH UT WOS:000331879900005 PM 24132079 ER PT J AU Kamath, PL Elleder, D Bao, L Cross, PC Powell, JH Poss, M AF Kamath, Pauline L. Elleder, Daniel Bao, Le Cross, Paul C. Powell, John H. Poss, Mary TI The Population History of Endogenous Retroviruses in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE endogenous retrovirus; gene flow; microsatellite; mule deer; population structure ID BUFFALOGRASS BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATE; FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUSES; SINE INSERTION ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS; RAPID RADIATION; ALU INSERTIONS; GENOME; RECOMBINATION AB Mobile elements are powerful agents of genomic evolution and can be exceptionally informative markers for investigating species and population-level evolutionary history. While several studies have utilized retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphisms to resolve phylogenies, few population studies exist outside of humans. Endogenous retroviruses are LTR-retrotransposons derived from retroviruses that have become stably integrated in the host genome during past infections and transmitted vertically to subsequent generations. They offer valuable insight into host-virus co-evolution and a unique perspective on host evolutionary history because they integrate into the genome at a discrete point in time. We examined the evolutionary history of a cervid endogenous gammaretrovirus (CrERV) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). We sequenced 14 CrERV proviruses (CrERV-in1 to -in14), and examined the prevalence and distribution of 13 proviruses in 262 deer among 15 populations from Montana, Wyoming, and Utah. CrERV absence in white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), identical 5 and 3 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, insertional polymorphism, and CrERV divergence time estimates indicated that most endogenization events occurred within the last 200000 years. Population structure inferred from CrERVs (F-ST 0.008) and microsatellites (THETA 0.01) was low, but significant, with Utah, northwestern Montana, and a Helena herd being particularly differentiated. Clustering analyses indicated regional structuring, and non-contiguous clustering could often be explained by known translocations. Cluster ensemble results indicated spatial localization of viruses, specifically in deer from northeastern and western Montana. This study demonstrates the utility of endogenous retroviruses to elucidate and provide novel insight into both ERV evolutionary history and the history of contemporary host populations. C1 [Kamath, Pauline L.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Elleder, Daniel; Poss, Mary] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bao, Le] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Powell, John H.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Elleder, Daniel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Mol Genet, CR-14220 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Kamath, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM pkamath@usgs.gov RI Elleder, Daniel/G-3551-2014; Kamath, Pauline/H-1358-2013; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012 OI Kamath, Pauline/0000-0002-6458-4514; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213 FU US Geological Survey [06HQAG0131]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate [UL1TR000127]; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [LK11215]; United States Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health FX US Geological Survey (06HQAG0131); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000127), RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (LK11215); United States Department of Homeland Security; and Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health. NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1093/jhered/est088 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AB6BT UT WOS:000331873200004 PM 24336966 ER PT J AU La Peyre, M Furlong, J Brown, LA Piazza, BP Brown, K AF La Peyre, Megan Furlong, Jessica Brown, Laura A. Piazza, Bryan P. Brown, Ken TI Oyster reef restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Extent, methods and outcomes SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTERS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; HABITAT STRUCTURE; MOBILE BAY; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; CRITERIA; ALABAMA AB Shellfish reef restoration to support ecological services has become more common in recent decades, driven by increasing awareness of the functional decline of shellfish systems. Maximizing restoration benefits and increasing efficiency of shellfish restoration activities would greatly benefit from understanding and measurement of system responses to management activities. This project (1) compiles a database of northern Gulf of Mexico inshore artificial oyster reefs created for restoration purposes, and (2) quantitatively assesses a subset of reefs to determine project outcomes. We documented 259 artificial inshore reefs created for ecological restoration. Information on reef material, reef design and monitoring was located for 94, 43 and 20% of the reefs identified. To quantify restoration success, we used diver surveys to quantitatively sample oyster density and substrate volume of 11 created reefs across the coast (7 with rock; 4 with shell), paired with 7 historic reefs. Reefs were defined as fully successful if there were live oysters, and partially successful if there was hard substrate. Of these created reefs, 73% were fully successful, while 82% were partially successful. These data highlight that critical information related to reef design, cost, and success remain difficult to find and are generally inaccessible or lost, ultimately hindering efforts to maximize restoration success rates. Maintenance of reef creation information data, development of standard reef performance measures, and inclusion of material and reef design testing within reef creation projects would be highly beneficial in implementing adaptive management. Adaptive management protocols seek specifically to maximize short and long-term restoration success, but are critically dependent on tracking and measuring system responses to management activities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [La Peyre, Megan] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Furlong, Jessica] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Laura A.; Brown, Ken] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Piazza, Bryan P.] Nature Conservancy, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. RP La Peyre, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapeyre@lsuagcenter.edu FU Louisiana Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; United States Geological Survey through the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Louisiana State University's Department of Biological Sciences FX This work was supported by the Louisiana Chapter of The Nature Conservancy and the United States Geological Survey through the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, as well as Louisiana State University's Department of Biological Sciences. This project enlisted the much appreciated facilities and services of the National Wetlands Research Center, Stennis Space Center USGS, Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge and LDWF Grand Isle Marine Lab. Special thanks to Darrel Anders with NWRC for providing boat support, along with Gary Hill, Marc Blouin (USGS) for providing boat resources and dive training. Thanks to all the private and public organizations that provided information on the history and location of oyster reefs throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Also, thanks to our field and lab assistants, Dr. J. La Peyre, L. Schwarting, S. Miller, A. Honig, B. Eberline, T. Otten, N. Yeldell, B. Wagner, N. Engler, M. Bogran, Z. Goodnow, Dr. S. Casas, and C. Duplechain. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 89 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.12.002 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA AB7RL UT WOS:000331988300004 ER PT J AU Risch, MR Kenski, DM Gay, DA AF Risch, Martin R. Kenski, Donna M. Gay, David A. TI A Great Lakes Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring network: Evaluation and design SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Great Lakes; Mercury deposition; Atmospheric mercury; Mercury emissions; Mercury network ID DRY DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; EASTERN; METHYLMERCURY; REGION; HEALTH; USA AB As many as 51 mercury (Hg) wet-deposition-monitoring sites from 4 networks were operated in 8 USA states and Ontario, Canada in the North American Great Lakes Region from 1996 to 2010. By 2013, 20 of those sites were no longer in operation and approximately half the geographic area of the Region was represented by a single Hg-monitoring site. In response, a Great Lakes Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring (GLAMM) network is needed as a framework for regional collaboration in Hg-deposition monitoring. The purpose of the GLAMM network is to detect changes in regional atmospheric Hg deposition related to changes in Hg emissions. An optimized design for the network was determined to be a minimum of 21 sites in a representative and approximately uniform geographic distribution. A majority of the active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region are part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) in North America and the GLAMM network is planned to be part of the MDN. To determine an optimized network design, active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region were evaluated with a rating system of 21 factors that included characteristics of the monitoring locations and interpretations of Hg data. Monitoring sites were rated according to the number of Hg emissions sources and annual Hg emissions in a geographic polygon centered on each site. Hg-monitoring data from the sites were analyzed for long-term averages in weekly Hg concentrations in precipitation and weekly Hg-wet deposition, and on significant temporal trends in Hg concentrations and Hg-deposition. A cluster analysis method was used to group sites with similar variability in their Hg data in order to identify sites that were unique for explaining Hg data variability in the Region. The network design included locations in protected natural areas, urban areas, Great Lakes watersheds, and in proximity to areas with a high density of annual Hg emissions and areas with high average weekly Hg wet deposition. In a statistical analysis, relatively strong, positive correlations in the wet deposition of Hg and sulfate were shown for co-located NADP Hg-monitoring and acid-rain monitoring sites in the Region. This finding indicated that efficiency in regional Hg monitoring can be improved by adding new Hg monitoring to existing NADP acid-rain monitoring sites. Implementation of the GLAMM network design will require Hg-wet-deposition monitoring to be: (a) continued at 12 MDN sites active in 2013 and (b) restarted or added at 9 NADP sites where it is absent in 2013. Ongoing discussions between the states in the Great Lakes Region, the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (a regional planning entity), the NADP, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey are needed for coordinating the GLAMM network. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Risch, Martin R.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Kenski, Donna M.] Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA. [Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Risch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM mrrisch@usgs.gov; kenski@ladco.org; dgay@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-39138-20273] FX The NADP is National Research Support Project-3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 240 sponsors support the NADP, including State Agricultural Experiment Stations; universities; private companies and other nongovernmental organizations; Canadian government agencies; state, local, and tribal government organizations; and federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (under agreement no. 2012-39138-20273). Any findings or conclusions in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the Illinois State Water Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, or other sponsors. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA9MN UT WOS:000331417700013 ER PT J AU Taylor, DP Vradenburg, JN Smith, LM Lovern, MB McMurry, ST AF Taylor, D. P. Vradenburg, J. N. Smith, L. M. Lovern, M. B. McMurry, S. T. TI Effects of anthropogenic and environmental stress on the corticosterone levels of wintering Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; corticosterone; human disturbance; stress; tourism; waterfowl; Northern Pintail ID ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; FOOD AVAILABILITY; NEW-MEXICO; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; MAGELLANIC PENGUINS; ENDOCRINE RESPONSES; HUMAN DISTURBANCES AB Winter-specific survival rates for female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta L., 1758; hereafter "Pintails") at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge were found in a previous study to be low relative to other wintering areas, raising concerns that tourism could be impacting the health of the population. Measurements of corticosterone levels enable the assessment and quantification of human-induced stressors that can ultimately affect fitness. We analyzed corticosterone concentrations and the relationship between body condition and maximum stress-induced corticosterone in areas with and without tourism access. Female Pintails were captured in winters of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The corticosterone response was similar between areas with and without tourism, but different between winters. In mid-January 2010, levels were 73% greater after 60 min compared with those in 2009. A greater stress response in mid-January 2010 may have been due to colder temperatures and arriving later and in poorer condition. Also in 2009-2010, there was a negative correlation between carcass fat and maximum corticosterone, possibly in response to colder temperatures, arriving in poorer condition, or a combination of both. Our study indicates that in mid-to late winter, activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may be higher during winters with comparatively greater environmental hardships, emphasizing the importance of carefully managing waterfowl during periods when they are most sensitive. C1 [Taylor, D. P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sequoyah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Vian, OK 74962 USA. [Vradenburg, J. N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, San Antonio, NM 88201 USA. [Smith, L. M.; Lovern, M. B.; McMurry, S. T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Taylor, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sequoyah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Route 1,Box 18-A, Vian, OK 74962 USA. EM dustin_taylor@fws.gov FU Delta Waterfowl; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 2); Oklahoma State University FX We thank C. Lee, D. Iriate, S. Blocker, R. Finrock, N. and L. Johnson, B. Waddlington, J. McMains, D. and B. Floyd, D. and S. Dunkerson, J. and B. Nemmers, P. Davenport, M. Barnes, B. Greeves, C. Sandell, J. and J. Kleis, L. and D. Andrejewski, L. Jackson, M. Janikowski, S. Cunningham, T. Wright, and others for help in the field. Additionally, we thank T. Melanson, Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge project leader, who provided vehicles, employees, and refuge access. We also thank K. Mower and T. Mitchusson from the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, and J. Stevenson and S. Wimberly from APHIS, who provided field assistance and equipment. This project was supported by funding from Delta Waterfowl, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 2), and Oklahoma State University. Trapping and handling was in compliance with the protocol outlined in the Oklahoma State University Animal Care and Use Permit No. AS099 and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Permit No. 22520-2008Bio. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 45 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 92 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1139/cjz-2013-0105 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AB2KJ UT WOS:000331621300002 ER PT J AU Rabon, DR AF Rabon, David R., Jr. TI Effects of age and experience on reproductive performance of captive red wolves (Canis rufus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE reproductive experience; breeding-experience hypothesis; senescence; age hypothesis; reproduction; red wolf; Canis rufus ID BREEDING EXPERIENCE; COYOTE POPULATION; SUCCESS; SENESCENCE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; CANADA; FULMAR; SEALS; DUCKS AB Propagation programs contribute to the conservation of a species by preserving genetic and demographic stock that may be used to reinforce or re-establish wild populations. Identifying traits that affect reproductive success is essential to achieve this goal. Longitudinal reproductive events of the captive population of endangered red wolves (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) were investigated to determine whether parental age, breeding experience, and rearing type were factors in reproduction, litter size, and sex ratio, as well as viability of offspring. Younger wolves were more likely to reproduce and produce larger litters than were older individuals. The age of the female, but not the male, had a negative effect on pup survival. Wolves that had prior experience in offspring production were more likely to reproduce again than were individuals that had no prior reproductive success, but prior sexual experience alone was not a factor in offspring production. Parental breeding experience had a negative effect on pup survival, but no apparent relationships with litter size or sex ratio. Declines in reproduction, fitness, and survival with advancing age suggest the effect is due to senescence, the onset of which occurs at 8 years of age in females. The results are consistent with the breeding-experience hypothesis. C1 [Rabon, David R., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. [Rabon, David R., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rabon, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Red Wolf Recovery Program, POB 1969, Manteo, NC 27954 USA. EM david_rabon@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Zoo Society at Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium FX Comments provided by H. Heatwole, P. Doerr, N. Haddad, K. Pollock, B. Bartel, W. Waddell, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Zoo Society at Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of trade names or mention of a commercial product in this document is not intended to imply endorsement. This manuscript is based on part of a dissertation by the author for a Ph.D. in Zoology at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 60 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 92 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1139/cjz-2013-0226 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AB2KJ UT WOS:000331621300008 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, SM Allen, CR AF Sundstrom, Shana M. Allen, Craig R. TI Complexity versus certainty in understanding species' declines SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTING EXTINCTION RISK; BODY-MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS; FOREST MAMMALS; SOUTH FLORIDA; PATTERNS; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION C1 [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sundstrom, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 013 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com OI Sundstrom, Shana/0000-0003-0823-8008 FU NSERC CGS grant; James S. McDonnell Foundation; USGS; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX S.M.S. was supported by a NSERC CGS grant. C.R.A. was partially supported by a twenty-first Century Research Award from the James S. McDonnell Foundation. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the USGS, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Many sincere thanks for thoughtful improvements suggested by anonymous referees. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 BP 344 EP 355 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA8GR UT WOS:000331334100009 ER PT J AU Harper, DD Farag, AM Skaar, D AF Harper, David D. Farag, Aida M. Skaar, Don TI Acute toxicity of sodium bicarbonate, a major component of coal bed natural gas produced waters, to 13 aquatic species as defined in the laboratory SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bicarbonate; Produced waters; Sodium bicarbonate; Early lifestage sensitivity; Acute toxicity AB Water produced during coal bed natural gas (CBNG) extraction in the Powder River Structural Basin of Wyoming and Montana (USA) may contain concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of more than 3000 mg/L. The authors evaluated the acute toxicity of NaHCO3, also expressed as bicarbonate (HCO3-), to 13 aquatic organisms. Of the 13 species tested, 7 had a median lethal concentration (LC50) less than 2000 mg/L NaHCO3, or 1300 mg/L HCO3-. The most sensitive species were Ceriodaphnia dubia, freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea), pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus). The respective LC50s were 989 mg/L, 1120 mg/L, 1249 mg/L, and 1430 mg/L NaHCO3, or 699 mg/L, 844 mg/L, 831 mg/L, and 1038 mg/L HCO3-. Age affected the sensitivity of fathead minnows, even within life stage. Two days posthatch, fathead minnows were more sensitive to NaHCO3 and HCO3- compared with 4-d-old fish, even though fish up to 14 d old are commonly used for toxicity evaluations. The authors recommend that ion toxicity exposures be conducted with organisms less than 24 h posthatch to ensure that experiments document the most sensitive stage of development. The results of the present study, along with historical and current research regarding the toxicity of bicarbonate, may be useful to establish regulatory standards for HCO3-. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:525-531. (c) 2014 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Harper, David D.; Farag, Aida M.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. [Skaar, Don] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Land Management; US Environmental Protection Agency FX J. Meyer (University of Wyoming) and W. Brumbaugh (US Geological Survey) provided input and consultation during initial study designs. G. Linder (US Geological Survey) and J. Tiege (US Environmental Protection Agency) provided input for FETAX experiments. N. Wang (US Geological Survey) and C. Barnhart (Missouri State University) obtained mussels and assisted with assays. R. Hockett (US Environmental Protection Agency) provided assistance and critical review. C. Eakin, and T. Selch (Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks) conducted laboratory experiments performed in Montana. The crew of the US Fish and Wildlife Service Jackson National Fish Hatchery assisted with maintaining cultured organisms. Funding for this research was provided by the US Bureau of Land Management and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1002/etc.2452 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AA8HA UT WOS:000331335000007 PM 24504922 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Harper, DD AF Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. TI The chronic toxicity of sodium bicarbonate, a major component of coal bed natural gas produced waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Growth, Na+/K+ ATPase; Sodium bicarbonate; Chronic assay; Aquatic ID FISH; CADMIUM; COPPER AB Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is the principal salt in coal bed natural gas produced water from the Powder River Structural Basin, Wyoming, USA, and concentrations of up to 3000 mg NaHCO3/L have been documented at some locations. No adequate studies have been performed to assess the chronic effects of NaHCO3 exposure. The present study was initiated to investigate the chronic toxicity and define sublethal effects at the individual organism level to explain the mechanisms of NaHCO3 toxicity. Three chronic experiments were completed with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), 1 with white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), 1 with Ceriodaphnia dubia, and 1 with a freshwater mussel, (Lampsilis siliquoidea). The data demonstrated that approximately 500 mg NaHCO3/L to 1000 mg NaHCO3/L affected all species of experimental aquatic animals in chronic exposure conditions. Freshwater mussels were the least sensitive to NaHCO3 exposure, with a 10-d inhibition concentration that affects 20% of the sample population (IC20) of 952 mg NaHCO3/L. The IC20 for C. dubia was the smallest, at 359 mg NaHCO3/L. A significant decrease in sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ ATPase) together with the lack of growth effects suggests that Na+/K+ ATPase activity was shut down before the onset of death. Several histological anomalies, including increased incidence of necrotic cells, suggested that fish were adversely affected as a result of exposure to >450 mg NaHCO3/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:532-540. (c) 2014 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jackson, WY USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov FU US Bureau of Land Management; USEPA FX C. Boese (University of Wyoming) and staff at the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services performed chemical measurements. E. MacConnell (US Fish and Wildlife Service) provided histology analyses. B. Morris (University of Wyoming) provided technical assistance with the fathead minnow laboratory experiments. The crew of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson National Fish Hatchery, assisted with maintaining some cultured organisms in Jackson, Wyoming. B. Mueller (US Geological Survey) provided technical assistance during the fathead minnow experiments. L. May (US Geological Survey) provided assistance with data quality assurance and table construction. Funding for this research was provided by the US Bureau of Land Management and the USEPA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1002/etc.2455 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AA8HA UT WOS:000331335000008 PM 24504936 ER PT J AU Pearce, CI Liu, J Baer, DR Qafoku, O Heald, SM Arenholz, E Grosz, AE McKinley, JP Resch, CT Bowden, ME Engelhard, MH Rosso, KM AF Pearce, C. I. Liu, J. Baer, D. R. Qafoku, O. Heald, S. M. Arenholz, E. Grosz, A. E. McKinley, J. P. Resch, C. T. Bowden, M. E. Engelhard, M. H. Rosso, K. M. TI Characterization of natural titanomagnetites (Fe3-xTixO4) for studying heterogeneous electron transfer to Tc(VII) in the Hanford subsurface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; 2P ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; SITE OCCUPANCY; PERTECHNETATE; REDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; IRON; SEDIMENTS; PRODUCTS AB Sediments with basaltic provenance, such as those at the Hanford nuclear reservation, Washington, USA, are rich in Fe-bearing minerals of mixed valence. These minerals are redox reactive with aqueous O-2 or Fe(II), and have the potential to react with important environmental contaminants including Tc. Here we isolate, identify and characterize natural Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing microparticles from Hanford sediments, develop synthetic analogues and investigate their batch redox reactivity with aqueous Tc(VII). Natural Fe-rich mineral samples were isolated by magnetic separation from sediments collected at several locations on Hanford's central plateau. This magnetic mineral fraction was found to represent up to 1 wt% of the total sediment, and be composed of 90% magnetite with minor ilmenite and hematite, as determined by X-ray diffraction. The magnetite contained variable amounts of transition metals consistent with alio- and isovalent metal substitutions for Fe. Xray microprobe analysis showed that Ti was the most significant substituent, and that these grains could be described with the titanomagnetite formula Fe3-xTixO4, which falls between endmember magnetite (x = 0) and ulvospinel (x = 1). The dominant composition was determined to be x = 0.15 by chemical analysis and electron probe microanalysis in the bulk, and by L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the surface. Site-level characterization of the titanomagnetites by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism showed that despite native oxidation, octahedral Fe(II) was detectable within 5 nm of the mineral surface. By testing the effect of contact with oxic Hanford and Ringold groundwaters to reduced Ringold groundwater, it was found that the concentration of this near-surface structural Fe(II) was strongly dependent on aqueous redox condition. This highlights the potential for restoring reducing equivalents and thus reduction capacity to oxidized Fe-mineral surfaces through redox cycling in the natural environment. Reaction of these magnetically-separated natural phases from Hanford sediments with a solution containing 10 mu M Tc(VII) showed that they were able to reductively immobilize Tc(VII) with concurrent oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) at the mineral surface, as were synthetic x = 0.15 microparticle and nanoparticle analogue phases. When differences in the particle surface area to solution volume ratio were taken into consideration, measured Tc(VII) reduction rates for Fe3-xTixO4 (x = 0.15) natural material, synthetic bulk powder and nanoparticles scaled systematically, suggesting possible utility for comprehensive batch and flow reactivity studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearce, C. I.; Liu, J.; Baer, D. R.; Qafoku, O.; McKinley, J. P.; Resch, C. T.; Bowden, M. E.; Engelhard, M. H.; Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heald, S. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grosz, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Pearce, CI (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM carolyn.pearce@manchester.ac.uk RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Liu, Juan/G-6035-2016; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU PNNL Science Focus Area (SFA), Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) program, the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), US Department of Energy (DOE); US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by PNNL Science Focus Area (SFA), Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) program, the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), US Department of Energy (DOE). mu-XRD, TEM and SEM measurements were performed in Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), a national user facility supported by the OBER and located at PNNL. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. XA and XMCD measurements were performed at the Advance Light Source supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge Bruce Bjornstad for identifying the sites for sample collection and arranging site access. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 128 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.010 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA4ZR UT WOS:000331105700008 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES Carman, TB Mcguire, AD AF Euskirchen, Eugenie S. Carman, Tobey B. Mcguire, A. David TI Changes in the structure and function of northern Alaskan ecosystems when considering variable leaf-out times across groupings of species in a dynamic vegetation model SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; HIGH-LATITUDE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; GROWING-SEASON; CARBON STORAGE; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY C1 [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Carman, Tobey B.; Mcguire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mcguire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM seeuskirchen@alaska.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Fund; U.S. Geological Survey; Arctic; Western Alaska; Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperatives; Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy; EPSCoR Program of the National Science Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Fund, U.S. Geological Survey, the Arctic, Western Alaska, and Northwest Boreal Landscape Conservation Cooperatives, the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the EPSCoR Program of the National Science Foundation. Phenology data were provided by the USA National Phenology Network and the many participants who contribute to its Nature's Notebook program. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 BP 963 EP 978 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA6JB UT WOS:000331203500023 PM 24105949 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Engeman, RM Hopken, MW Humphrey, JS Keacher, KL Bruce, WE Avery, ML AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Engeman, Richard M. Hopken, Matthew W. Humphrey, John S. Keacher, Kandy L. Bruce, William E. Avery, Michael L. TI Detecting an elusive invasive species: a diagnostic PCR to detect Burmese python in Florida waters and an assessment of persistence of environmental DNA SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE DNA persistence; Burmese python; Python bivittatus; environmental DNA; reptile; PCR ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; EXPANSION; SAMPLES AB Recent studies have demonstrated that detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from aquatic vertebrates in water bodies is possible. The Burmese python, Python bivittatus, is a semi-aquatic, invasive species in Florida where its elusive nature and cryptic coloration make its detection difficult. Our goal was to develop a diagnostic PCR to detect P.bivittatus from water-borne eDNA, which could assist managers in monitoring this invasive species. First, we used captive P.bivittatus to determine whether reptilian DNA could be isolated and amplified from water samples. We also evaluated the efficacy of two DNA isolation methods and two DNA extraction kits commonly used in eDNA preparation. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from P.bivittatus was detected in all water samples isolated with the sodium acetate precipitate and the QIAamp DNA Micro Kit. Next, we designed P.bivittatus-specific primers and assessed the degradation rate of eDNA in water. Our primers did not amplify DNA from closely related species, and we found that P.bivittatus DNA was consistently detectable up to 96h. Finally, we sampled water from six field sites in south Florida. Samples from five sites, where P.bivittatus has been observed, tested positive for eDNA. The final site was negative and had no prior documented evidence of P.bivittatus. This study shows P.bivittatus eDNA can be isolated from water samples; thus, this method is a new and promising technique for the management of invasive reptiles. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Engeman, Richard M.; Hopken, Matthew W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Humphrey, John S.; Keacher, Kandy L.; Bruce, William E.; Avery, Michael L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Genet Lab, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM toni.j.piaggio@aphis.usda.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 20 U2 164 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12180 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AB0GI UT WOS:000331469500014 PM 24119154 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Hoffman, J Walsh, HL Braham, RP Hahn, C Collins, P Jorgenson, Z Ledder, T AF Blazer, V. S. Hoffman, J. Walsh, H. L. Braham, R. P. Hahn, C. Collins, P. Jorgenson, Z. Ledder, T. TI Health of white sucker within the St. Louis River area of concern associated with habitat usage as assessed using stable isotopes SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE White sucker; Stable isotopes; Habitat usage; Tumors ID ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS FACTORS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; BULLHEAD AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; BROWN BULLHEAD; GREAT-LAKES; HEPATIC NEOPLASMS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA AB In Spring 2011, 200 adult white sucker were collected in four areas of the St. Louis River area of concern (AOC), located in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. The areas included the upper AOC as a reference area, the upper estuary, St. Louis Bay and Superior Bay. Grossly visible abnormalities were documented and preserved for microscopic analyses, as were five to eight representative pieces of liver tissue. A piece of dorsal muscle was preserved for stable isotope analyses and otoliths removed for age determination. The incidence of raised skin lesions (mucoid plaques) was high (31 %), however, microscopically only 4.5 % of the white suckers had neoplasia (papillomas). The remaining lesions were epidermal hyperplasia. Superior Bay had the lowest percentage of skin/lip lesions (10 %), while St. Louis Bay had the highest (44 %). St. Louis Bay also had the highest incidence of skin neoplasms (12 %). No hepatocellular neoplasms were documented, however bile duct tumors were observed in 4.5 % of the suckers. Foci of cellular alteration were observed in fish from all sites except the upper AOC. Stable isotope data indicated that most of the suckers relied on the St. Louis River AOC for the majority (> 75 %) of their diet, indicating they were resident within the AOC and not in Lake Superior. The amount of diet obtained from the upper estuary was a significant predictor of skin lesion incidence. Hence, habitat use within the AOC appears to be an important risk factor for skin and possibly, liver lesions. C1 [Blazer, V. S.; Walsh, H. L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hoffman, J.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. [Braham, R. P.; Hahn, C.] W Virginia Univ, Coll Agr & Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Collins, P.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Jorgenson, Z.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Twin Cities Ecol Serv Field Off, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. [Ledder, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Lake Super Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Superior, WI USA. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Fish Hlth Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vblazer@usgs.gov; Hoffman.joel@epa.gov; hwalsh@usgs.gov; ryan.braham@hotmail.com; cassidy.hahn@gmail.com; Pat.collins@state.mn.us; Zachary_jorgenson@fws.gov; Tracey.ledder@ces.uwex.edu OI H. Shaw, Cassidy/0000-0003-2639-1241 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (through the Fish and Wildlife Service Contaminants program); U.S. Geological Survey's Contaminant Biology (Environmental Health), Fisheries (Ecosystems) and Cooperative Fish and Wildlife programs; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Government FX This project was jointly funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (through the Fish and Wildlife Service Contaminants program), the U.S. Geological Survey's Contaminant Biology (Environmental Health), Fisheries (Ecosystems) and Cooperative Fish and Wildlife programs and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Assistance from Wisconsin DNR, Minnesota DNR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Minnesota Land Trust and the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Glenn Miller, Rich Davis, Sara Werner, Brian Borkholder, John Lindgren and Daryl Peterson for assistance with fish collections and Darlene Bowling, Kathy Spring and Megan McGovern for laboratory technical assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 236 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10646-013-1167-5 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AA3AT UT WOS:000330966000012 PM 24370817 ER PT J AU Anderson, B Phillips, B Hunt, J Siegler, K Voorhees, J Smalling, K Kuivila, K Hamilton, M Ranasinghe, JA Tjeerdema, R AF Anderson, Brian Phillips, Bryn Hunt, John Siegler, Katie Voorhees, Jennifer Smalling, Kelly Kuivila, Kathy Hamilton, Mary Ranasinghe, J. Ananda Tjeerdema, Ron TI Impacts of pesticides in a Central California estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Estuary; Toxicity; Pesticides; Benthic community ID TOXICITY IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION; MULTI-RESIDUE METHOD; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; PYRETHROID PESTICIDES; PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT; HYALELLA-AZTECA; USA; SALMON AB Recent and past studies have documented the prevalence of pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides in urban and agricultural watersheds in California. While toxic concentrations of these pesticides have been found in freshwater systems, there has been little research into their impacts in marine receiving waters. Our study investigated pesticide impacts in the Santa Maria River estuary, which provides critical habitat to numerous aquatic, terrestrial, and avian species on the central California coast. Runoff from irrigated agriculture constitutes a significant portion of Santa Maria River flow during most of the year, and a number of studies have documented pesticide occurrence and biological impacts in this watershed. Our study extended into the Santa Maria watershed coastal zone and measured pesticide concentrations throughout the estuary, including the water column and sediments. Biological effects were measured at the organism and community levels. Results of this study suggest the Santa Maria River estuary is impacted by current-use pesticides. The majority of water samples were highly toxic to invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca), and chemistry evidence suggests toxicity was associated with the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, or mixtures of both classes of pesticides. A high percentage of sediment samples were also toxic in this estuary, and sediment toxicity occurred when mixtures of chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid pesticides exceeded established toxicity thresholds. Based on a Relative Benthic Index, Santa Maria estuary stations where benthic macroinvertebrate communities were assessed were degraded. Impacts in the Santa Maria River estuary were likely due to the proximity of this system to Orcutt Creek, the tributary which accounts for most of the flow to the lower Santa Maria River. Water and sediment samples from Orcutt Creek were highly toxic to invertebrates due to mixtures of the same pesticides measured in the estuary. This study suggests that the same pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides that have been shown to cause water and sediment toxicity in urban and agriculture water bodies throughout California, have the potential to affect estuarine habitats. The results establish baseline data in the Santa Maria River estuary to allow evaluation of ecosystem improvement as management initiatives to reduce pesticide runoff are implemented in this watershed. C1 [Anderson, Brian; Phillips, Bryn; Hunt, John; Siegler, Katie; Voorhees, Jennifer; Tjeerdema, Ron] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smalling, Kelly; Kuivila, Kathy] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hamilton, Mary] Calif Cent Coast Reg Water Qual Control Board, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Ranasinghe, J. Ananda] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Anderson, Brian] Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Marine Pollut Studies Lab, 34500 Highway 1, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM Anderson@ucdavis.edu OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920 FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX This project was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board though Proposition 50 bond funds. The authors are grateful for the help of Sheila Holt, Weston Solutions, Carlsbad, California, for managing taxonomic analyses of the benthic macroinvertebrate samples. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 94 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 186 IS 3 BP 1801 EP 1814 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3494-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303ZP UT WOS:000330715300037 PM 24464329 ER PT J AU Ford, KL Beyer, WN AF Ford, Karl L. Beyer, W. Nelson TI Soil criteria to protect terrestrial wildlife and open-range livestock from metal toxicity at mining sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildlife; Metals; Soil criteria; Toxicity; Mining ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; DIETARY LEAD; INGESTION; REPRODUCTION AB Thousands of hard rock mines exist in the western USA and in other parts of the world as a result of historic and current gold, silver, lead, and mercury mining. Many of these sites in the USA are on public lands. Typical mine waste associated with these sites are tailings and waste rock dumps that may be used by wildlife and open-range livestock. This report provides wildlife screening criteria levels for metals in soil and mine waste to evaluate risk and to determine the need for site-specific risk assessment, remediation, or a change in management practices. The screening levels are calculated from toxicity reference values based on maximum tolerable levels of metals in feed, on soil and plant ingestion rates, and on soil to plant uptake factors for a variety of receptors. The metals chosen for this report are common toxic metals found at mining sites: arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. The resulting soil screening values are well above those developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The difference in values was mainly a result of using toxicity reference values that were more specific to the receptors addressed rather than the most sensitive receptor. C1 [Ford, Karl L.] Bur Land Management, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Beyer, W. Nelson] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Beyer, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nbeyer@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This work was funded the US Geological Survey. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 186 IS 3 BP 1899 EP 1905 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3503-x PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303ZP UT WOS:000330715300046 PM 24310366 ER PT J AU Dawson, NG Hope, AG Talbot, SL Cook, JA AF Dawson, Natalie G. Hope, Andrew G. Talbot, Sandra L. Cook, Joseph A. TI A multilocus evaluation of ermine (Mustela erminea) across the Holarctic, testing hypotheses of Pleistocene diversification in response to climate change SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Approximate Bayesian computation; Beringia; coastal refugium; gene flow; island endemism; Mustelidae; North Pacific coast; phylogeography; species tree estimation ID NORTH-AMERICA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GLACIAL REFUGIUM; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA POLYMORPHISM; SOUTHEAST ALASKA AB AimWe examined data for ermine (Mustela erminea) to test two sets of diversification hypotheses concerning the number and location of late Pleistocene refugia, the timing and mode of diversification, and the evolutionary influence of insularization. LocationTemperate and sub-Arctic Northern Hemisphere. MethodsWe used up to two mitochondrial and four nuclear loci from 237 specimens for statistical phylogeographical and demographic analyses. Coalescent species-tree estimation used a Bayesian approach for clade divergence based on external mutation rate calibrations. Approximate Bayesian methods were used to assess population size, timing of divergence and gene flow. ResultsLimited structure coupled with evidence of population growth across broad regions, including previously ice-covered areas, indicated expansion from multiple centres of differentiation, but high endemism along the North Pacific coast (NPC). A bifurcating model of diversification with recent growth spanning three glacial cycles best explained the empirical data. Main conclusionsA newly identified clade in North America indicated a fourth refugial area for ermine. The shallow coalescence of all extant ermine reflects a recent history of diversification overlying a deeper fossil record. Post-glacial colonization has led to potential contact zones for multiple lineages in north-western North America. A model of diversification of ermine accompanied by recent gene flow was marginally less well supported than a model of divergence of major clades in response to the most recent glacial cycles. C1 [Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Dawson, Natalie G.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hope, Andrew G.; Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hope, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ahope@usgs.gov OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 FU American Society of Mammalogists; USDA Tongass National Forest and Forest Sciences Laboratory; National Science Foundation [NSF0415668, NSF0731350, NSF1258010]; UNM Biology Department; American Association of University Women (AAUW) Research Publication Grant; US Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative; National Centre for Research Resources (NCRR) [RR016466]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX G.K. Sage, S. Sonsthagen, H. Basset, K.A. Speer and B. Truett provided laboratory support. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (R. Lowell, R. Flynn, T. Schumacher, N. Barton, D. Larson and B. Porter), US Fish and Wildlife Service (W. Hanson and K. Hastings), Yukon Territorial Government (T. Jung) and S.O. MacDonald, M. Fleming and others, including numerous trappers, provided samples and field support. Funding and logistical support was provided by the American Society of Mammalogists Grants-In-Aid of Research, USDA Tongass National Forest and Forest Sciences Laboratory, National Science Foundation (NSF0415668, NSF0731350 and NSF1258010), UNM Biology Department, American Association of University Women (AAUW) Research Publication Grant and the US Geological Survey's Alaska Regional Executive DOI on the Landscape initiative. Statistical analyses were facilitated by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Life Science Informatics Portal, http://biotech.inbre.alaska.edu/, a core research resource supported by Grant Number RR016466 from the National Centre for Research Resources (NCRR) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Permits were provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank J. Pearce and three anonymous referees for insightful comments. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 464 EP 475 DI 10.1111/jbi.12221 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AA2EL UT WOS:000330907800005 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TA Yackulic, CB Cross, WF Grams, PE Yard, MD Copp, AJ AF Kennedy, Theodore A. Yackulic, Charles B. Cross, Wyatt F. Grams, Paul E. Yard, Michael D. Copp, Adam J. TI The relation between invertebrate drift and two primary controls, discharge and benthic densities, in a large regulated river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal drift; benthic invertebrate; density-dependent; invertebrate drift; regulated river ID GLEN CANYON DAM; COLORADO RIVER; MACROINVERTEBRATE DRIFT; ORGANIC DRIFT; STREAM; FLOW; SEDIMENT; ARIZONA; FLOODS; USA AB Invertebrate drift is a fundamental process in streams and rivers. Studies from laboratory experiments and small streams have identified numerous extrinsic (e.g. discharge, light intensity, water quality) and intrinsic factors (invertebrate life stage, benthic density, behaviour) that govern invertebrate drift concentrations (# m(-3)), but the factors that govern invertebrate drift in larger rivers remain poorly understood. For example, while large increases or decreases in discharge can lead to large increases in invertebrate drift, the role of smaller, incremental changes in discharge is poorly described. In addition, while we might expect invertebrate drift concentrations to be proportional to benthic densities (# m(-2)), the benthic-drift relation has not been rigorously evaluated. Here, we develop a framework for modelling invertebrate drift that is derived from sediment transport studies. We use this framework to guide the analysis of high-resolution data sets of benthic density and drift concentration for four important invertebrate taxa from the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (mean daily discharge 325m(3)s(-1)) that were collected over 18months and include multiple observations within days. Ramping of regulated flows on this river segment provides an experimental treatment that is repeated daily and allowed us to describe the functional relations between invertebrate drift and two primary controls, discharge and benthic densities. Twofold daily variation in discharge resulted in a >10-fold increase in drift concentrations of benthic invertebrates associated with pools and detritus (i.e. Gammarus lacustris and Potamopyrgus antipodarum). In contrast, drift concentrations of sessile blackfly larvae (Simuliium arcticum), which are associated with high-velocity cobble microhabitats, decreased by over 80% as discharge doubled. Drift concentrations of Chironomidae increased proportional to discharge. Drift of all four taxa was positively related to benthic density. Drift concentrations of Gammarus, Potamopyrgus and Chironomidae were proportional to benthic density. Drift concentrations of Simulium were positively related to benthic density, but the benthic-drift relation was less than proportional (i.e. a doubling of benthic density only led to a 40% increase in drift concentrations). Our study demonstrates that invertebrate drift concentrations in the Colorado River are jointly controlled by discharge and benthic densities, but these controls operate at different timescales. Twofold daily variation in discharge associated with hydropeaking was the primary control on within-day variation in invertebrate drift concentrations. In contrast, benthic density, which varied 10- to 1000-fold among sampling dates, depending on the taxa, was the primary control on invertebrate drift concentrations over longer timescales (weeks to months). C1 [Kennedy, Theodore A.; Yackulic, Charles B.; Grams, Paul E.; Yard, Michael D.; Copp, Adam J.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Cross, Wyatt F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tkennedy@usgs.gov FU Western Area Power Administration; Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program FX We thank the many research technicians who spent countless hours in the laboratory processing samples, particularly Eli Yard and Kathrine Behn. We thank Mark Blouin for providing the suction sampler and for conducting SCUBA sampling early in our study. We are grateful to Tom Sabol for his help developing benthic and drift sampling protocols and equipment. We thank Ted Melis for continued support and engagement and Tom Gushue for developing the map. We acknowledge Carl Walters, Jordan Rosenfeld and Jack Schmidt for productive discussions about data analysis. Jack Schmidt, Jordan Rosenfeld, Peter Wilcock, Robert Hall Jr., Colden Baxter, Emma Rosi-Marshall and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier draft that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Western Area Power Administration and the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 557 EP 572 DI 10.1111/fwb.12285 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA0IU UT WOS:000330779600011 ER PT J AU Archambault, JM Cope, WG Kwak, TJ AF Archambault, Jennifer M. Cope, W. Gregory Kwak, Thomas J. TI Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burrowing; byssus; climate change; freshwater; mesocosm ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; BURROWING BEHAVIOR; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; SPECIES ROLES; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; BIVALVIA AB Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are a highly imperilled faunal group. One critical threat is thermal sensitivity, because global climate change and other anthropogenic activities contribute to increasing stream temperature and altered hydrologic flow that may be detrimental to freshwater mussels. We incorporated four benthic environmental components - temperature, sediment, water level (a surrogate for flow) and a vertical thermal gradient in the sediment column - in laboratory mesocosm experiments with juveniles of two species of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis abrupta and Lampsilis radiata) and tested their effects on survival, burrowing behaviour and byssus production. Increasing temperature diminished burrowing behaviour significantly in both species (P<0.01), and the dewatered treatment significantly reduced burrowing in L.radiata, compared with that in the watered treatment. Increasing temperature also significantly reduced byssus production in both species (P<0.01). Median lethal temperatures (LT50) ranged from 29.9 to 35.6 degrees C. Mussels did not burrow beneath the top stratum of sediment (0-2.5cm) and thus did not use the available thermal refuge. Our findings suggest that rising stream water temperature and dewatering may directly impact freshwater mussel abundance by causing mortality and may have indirect impacts via sublethal effects. Reduced burrowing capacity may hamper ability to escape predation or unfavourably high or low flows, and decreased byssus production may inhibit attachment and dispersal capabilities in juveniles. C1 [Archambault, Jennifer M.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Archambault, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, North Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Appl Ecol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jmarcham@ncsu.edu FU US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Centre [171]; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Centre through Research Work Order no. 171. We thank Chris Barnhart at Missouri State University for providing Lampsilis abrupta and Brian Watson at the Harrison Lake National Fish Hatchery for providing Lampsilis radiata. Kevin Gross provided valuable insight and assistance with statistical analyses. We thank Bobby Cope, Jeremy Leonard, Tamara Pandolfo and Angela White for laboratory and field assistance. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, US Geological Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 3 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1111/fwb.12290 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA0IU UT WOS:000330779600014 ER PT J AU Waite, IR AF Waite, Ian R. TI Agricultural disturbance response models for invertebrate and algal metrics from streams at two spatial scales within the U.S. SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Scale; Stream bioassessment; Predictive models; Riparian; Invertebrates; Algae ID DEVELOPING NUTRIENT CRITERIA; 9 METROPOLITAN-AREAS; LAND-USE; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; WADEABLE STREAMS; BIOASSESSMENT METRICS; REGRESSION TREES; RANDOM FORESTS; WATER-QUALITY; WESTERN US AB As part of the USGS study of nutrient enrichment of streams in agricultural regions throughout the United States, about 30 sites within each of eight study areas were selected to capture a gradient of nutrient conditions. The objective was to develop watershed disturbance predictive models for macroinvertebrate and algal metrics at national and three regional landscape scales to obtain a better understanding of important explanatory variables. Explanatory variables in models were generated from landscape data, habitat, and chemistry. Instream nutrient concentration and variables assessing the amount of disturbance to the riparian zone (e.g., percent row crops or percent agriculture) were selected as most important explanatory variable in almost all boosted regression tree models regardless of landscape scale or assemblage. Frequently, TN and TP concentration and riparian agricultural land use variables showed a threshold type response at relatively low values to biotic metrics modeled. Some measure of habitat condition was also commonly selected in the final invertebrate models, though the variable(s) varied across regions. Results suggest national models tended to account for more general landscape/climate differences, while regional models incorporated both broad landscape scale and more specific local-scale variables. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97211 USA. RP Waite, IR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97211 USA. EM iwaite@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2014 VL 726 IS 1 BP 285 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1774-4 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA1DK UT WOS:000330836300020 ER PT J AU Spasojevic, MJ Grace, JB Harrison, S Damschen, EI AF Spasojevic, Marko J. Grace, James B. Harrison, Susan Damschen, Ellen I. TI Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY PROCESSES; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; TRAITS; PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; FRAMEWORK; INDEXES; OREGON C1 [Spasojevic, Marko J.; Harrison, Susan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Damschen, Ellen I.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spasojevic, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mspasoje@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0542451, DEB- 0947368, DEB- 0947432]; USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Programs FX We thank L. L. Olsvig-Whittaker and the Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections for access to Robert Whittaker's data. We thank M. Brown, T. Hoang, K. Moore and K. Torres for data entry. We thank the H. Cornell, Matthew Slocum and anonymous referees for helpful comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation DEB-0542451, DEB- 0947368, DEB- 0947432. JG was supported by the USGS Ecosystems and Climate and Land Use Change Programs. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 102 IS 2 BP 447 EP 455 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB0FN UT WOS:000331467300015 ER PT J AU Villamagna, AM Angermeier, PL Niazi, N AF Villamagna, Amy M. Angermeier, Paul L. Niazi, Nicholas TI Evaluating opportunities to enhance ecosystem services in public use areas SO ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem service capacity; Cultural services; Conservation intent; Public use areas; Regulating services ID BUFFER ZONES; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL; STRIPS; NEED AB Public use and conservation areas (PUAs) offer opportunities to protect and enhance the delivery of ecosystem services (ES), however ES are rarely evaluated on such lands. We developed a spatially-explicit method for estimating regulating and cultural service capacity and evaluating intent to conserve ES in PUAs. We use management priority information to infer conservation intent and demonstrate the application of a social capacity metric for assessing cultural service capacity. We present a decision framework to guide efforts to enhance the delivery of benefits to public land users and downstream residents. We test this approach by pairing analyses of two ecosystem services water purification and recreational bird watching-in PUAs throughout the Albemarle-Pamlico basin (Virginia and North Carolina). Our results reveal that management of the majority of sites does not currently give priority to either service, despite a wide range of service capacities. The decision framework suggests that managers of PUAs with moderate to high service capacity could protect ES flow by increasing awareness and other social capacity factors within PUAs. In contrast, managers of PUAs with low service capacity but high potential to influence local and regional environmental condition might focus on enhancing the biophysical capacity to provide selected services. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Villamagna, Amy M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Niazi, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Villamagna, AM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM amv@vt.edu; biota@vt.edu; nickniazi@gmail.com FU US Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program; US Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey's National Aquatic Gap Analysis Program. We thank L. Cannon and N. O'Brien for their valuable contribution to the development of this research and the preliminary analysis of GIS data, D. Evans for his review and constructive comments on earlier versions, and R. Benner, B. Mogollon, C. Peoples, and C. Smalling for their thoughtful review and comments. The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-0416 J9 ECOSYST SERV JI Ecosyst. Serv. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.09.002 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU6RM UT WOS:000363660700018 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Schwartz, FW AF Hunt, Randall J. Schwartz, Franklin W. TI For Whom Do We Write? Suggestions for Getting Read in the 21st Century SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Schwartz, Franklin W.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; schwartz.11@osu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1111/gwat.12167 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CP UT WOS:000347978200001 PM 24506673 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Borchardt, MA Bradbury, KR AF Hunt, Randall J. Borchardt, Mark A. Bradbury, Kenneth R. TI Viruses as Groundwater Tracers: Using Ecohydrology to Characterize Short Travel Times in Aquifers SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER WELLS; AGE; WISCONSIN; MODEL; CONTAMINATION; VULNERABILITY; ADENOVIRUSES; NOROVIRUSES; INFECTIVITY; DISPERSION AB Viruses are attractive tracers of short (<3 year) travel times in aquifers because they have unique genetic signatures, are detectable in trace quantities, and are mobile in groundwater. Virus "snaphots" result from infection and disappearance in a population over time; therefore, the virus snapshot shed in the fecal wastes of an infected population at a specific point in time can serve as a marker for tracking virus and groundwater movement. The virus tracing approach and an example application are described to illustrate their ability to characterize travel times in high-groundwater velocity settings, and provide insight unavailable from standard hydrogeologic approaches. Although characterization of preferential flowpaths does not usually characterize the majority of other travel times occurring in the groundwater system (e.g., center of plume mass; tail of the breakthrough curve), virus approaches can trace very short times of transport, and thus can fill an important gap in our current hydrogeology toolbox. C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Borchardt, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Environm Integrated Dairy Management Res Unit, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Bradbury, Kenneth R.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geol & Nat Hist Survey, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; Mark.Borchardt@ars.usda.gov; krbradbu@wisc.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1111/gwat.12158 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CP UT WOS:000347978200005 PM 24433472 ER PT J AU Watson, KA Mayer, AS Reeves, HW AF Watson, Katelyn A. Mayer, Alex S. Reeves, Howard W. TI Groundwater Availability as Constrained by Hydrogeology and Environmental Flows SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID STREAM DEPLETION; WATER; SCIENCE AB Groundwater pumping from aquifers in hydraulic connection with nearby streams has the potential to cause adverse impacts by decreasing flows to levels below those necessary to maintain aquatic ecosystems. The recent passage of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact has brought attention to this issue in the Great Lakes region. In particular, the legislation requires the Great Lakes states to enact measures for limiting water withdrawals that can cause adverse ecosystem impacts. This study explores how both hydrogeologic and environmental flow limitations may constrain groundwater availability in the Great Lakes Basin. A methodology for calculating maximum allowable pumping rates is presented. Groundwater availability across the basin may be constrained by a combination of hydrogeologic yield and environmental flow limitations varying over both local and regional scales. The results are sensitive to factors such as pumping time, regional and local hydrogeology, streambed conductance, and streamflow depletion limits. Understanding how these restrictions constrain groundwater usage and which hydrogeologic characteristics and spatial variables have the most influence on potential streamflow depletions has important water resources policy and management implications. C1 [Watson, Katelyn A.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Mayer, Alex S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Reeves, Howard W.] USGS Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Mayer, AS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM katelynwatson@u.boisestate.edu; asmayer@mtu.edu OI Reeves, Howard/0000-0001-8057-2081; Watson, Katelyn/0000-0003-4184-1917 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0725636] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Franklin W. Schwartz, Editor-in-Chief of Groundwater, Charles Dunning, U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0725636. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. [Correction added after online publication April 29, 2013: Charles Dunning's name and the final sentence in the Acknowledgments section were added after online publication.] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 225 EP 238 DI 10.1111/gwat.12050 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CP UT WOS:000347978200009 PM 23582026 ER PT J AU Voytek, EB Drenkelfuss, A Day-Lewis, FD Healy, R Lane, JW Werkema, D AF Voytek, Emily B. Drenkelfuss, Anja Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Healy, Richard Lane, John W., Jr. Werkema, Dale TI 1DTempPro: Analyzing Temperature Profiles for Groundwater/Surface-water Exchange SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID FLUX; HEAT AB A new computer program, 1DTempPro, is presented for the analysis of vertical one-dimensional (1D) temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions. 1DTempPro is a graphical user interface to the U.S. Geological Survey code Variably Saturated 2-Dimensional Heat Transport (VS2DH), which numerically solves the flow and heat-transport equations. Pre- and postprocessor features allow the user to calibrate VS2DH models to estimate vertical groundwater/ surface-water exchange and also hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known. C1 [Voytek, Emily B.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Drenkelfuss, Anja] Univ Bonn, Dept Geodynam & Geophys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Healy, Richard] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Werkema, Dale] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Voytek, EB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ebvoytek@usgs.gov OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP10D000782]; USGS FX The authors are grateful for useful comments from USGS colleagues Jeannie Barlow, Martin Briggs, and Cheryl Miller. We acknowledge constructive comments from four anonymous reviewers. The first author also is grateful to Ethan Yang (U. Massachusetts, Amherst) for advice on development of GUIs. The second author is grateful to Andreas Kemna for supporting an internship at the USGS while studying at University of Bonn, Germany. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under contract EP10D000782, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1111/gwat.12051 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CP UT WOS:000347978200016 PM 23550960 ER PT J AU Winston, RB Paulinski, S AF Winston, Richard B. Paulinski, Scott TI ListingAnalyst: A Program for Analyzing the Main Output File from MODFLOW SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article AB ListingAnalyst is a Windows (R) program for viewing the main output file from MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-NWT, or MODFLOW-LGR. It organizes and displays large files quickly without using excessive memory. The sections and subsections of the file are displayed in a tree-view control, which allows the user to navigate quickly to desired locations in the files. ListingAnalyst gathers error and warning messages scattered throughout the main output file and displays them all together in an error and a warning tab. A grid view displays tables in a readable format and allows the user to copy the table into a spreadsheet. The user can also search the file for terms of interest. C1 [Winston, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Paulinski, Scott] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Winston, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 431,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rbwinst@usgs.gov; spaulinski@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD MAR-APR PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1111/gwat.12054 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CP UT WOS:000347978200019 PM 23582107 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Nelson, SM AF Andersen, Douglas C. Nelson, S. Mark TI EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND DEPTH TO GROUND WATER ON FIRST-YEAR GROWTH OF A DRYLAND RIPARIAN PHREATOPHYTE, GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA (AMERICAN LICORICE) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FREMONT COTTONWOOD SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; TABLE DECLINE; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FLOODPLAIN; FIXATION; DESERT; RIVER; ESTABLISHMENT AB We investigated the effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a facultative floodplain phreatophyte, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, in a 2-x-2 factorial greenhouse experiment. We grew plants in mesocosms subirrigated with water low in dissolved oxygen, mimicking natural systems, and set depth of ground water at 63 or 100 cm and soil temperature at cold (ambient) or warm (<= 2.7 degrees C above ambient). We hypothesized the moister (63 cm) and warmer soil would be most favorable and predicted faster growth of shoots and roots and greater nitrogen-fixation (thus, less uptake of mineral nitrogen) under those conditions. Growth in height was significantly faster in the moister treatment but was not affected by soil temperature. Final biomass of shoots and of roots, total biomass of plants, and root: shoot ratio indicated a significant effect only from depth of ground water. Final levels of soil mineral-nitrogen were as predicted, with level of nitrate in the moister treatment more than twice that in the drier treatment. No effect from soil temperature on level of soil-mineral nitrogen was detected. Our results suggest that establishment of G. lepidota requires strict conditions of soil moisture, which may explain the patchy distribution of the species along southwestern dryland rivers. C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nelson, S. Mark] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov FU Science and Technology Program of the Bureau of Reclamation; United States Geological Survey FX This work was funded by the Science and Technology Program of the Bureau of Reclamation and the United States Geological Survey. We thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1894/F08-JB-37.1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC8QQ UT WOS:000350633600008 ER PT J AU Drezner, TD Turner, RM AF Drezner, Taly Dawn Turner, Raymond M. TI TEST OF THE ACCURACY OF AN AGE-HEIGHT MODEL FOR SAGUARO (CARNEGIEA GIGANTEA) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SONORAN DESERT; LONG-TERM; CACTACEAE; DEMOGRAPHICS; GROWTH AB A test of a general growth-model to estimate the age of Carnegiea gigantea, a keystone species of the Sonoran Desert, was conducted. Results suggest that standard errors are low (<2 years) and the model is robust for estimating age of establishment of the long-lived saguaro cactus. C1 [Drezner, Taly Dawn] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Turner, Raymond M.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Drezner, TD (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Geog, N430 Ross,4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM drezner@yorku.ca NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 17 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1894/N04-JB-39.1 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC8QQ UT WOS:000350633600017 ER PT J AU Reemts, CM Conner, P Janssen, GK Wahl, K AF Reemts, Charlotte M. Conner, Patrick Janssen, Gena K. Wahl, Kimberly TI SURVIVAL OF PLANTED STAR CACTUS, ASTROPHYTUM ASTERIAS, IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We planted 308 star cacti (Astrophytum asterias) in southern Texas on private ranches where existing populations were reduced or destroyed. Overall mortality was 48% with herbivory accounting for 34% of the mortality (50 of 148). Mortality varied among planting sites but was not influenced by initial size, even when cacti killed by herbivory were excluded. Mortality was highest during times with low precipitation or high temperatures. Surviving cacti on two sites increased in average size. Reintroduction through planting is a viable strategy for restoring populations of star cacti. C1 [Reemts, Charlotte M.; Conner, Patrick] Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX 78710 USA. [Janssen, Gena K.] Janssen Biol, Austin, TX 78749 USA. [Wahl, Kimberly] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Rio Grande Natl Wildlife Refuge, Alamo, TX 78516 USA. RP Reemts, CM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX 78710 USA. EM creemts@tnc.org FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the landowners who participated in this study, the volunteers who helped to plant the cacti, and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center for providing space to grow the cacti. Funding was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 122 EP 125 DI 10.1894/N05-JB-40.1 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC8QQ UT WOS:000350633600018 ER PT J AU Platt, SG Manning, PR Rainwater, TR AF Platt, Steven G. Manning, Patricia R. Rainwater, Thomas R. TI CONSUMPTION OF DESERT GOURDS BY COLLARED PECCARY SUGGESTS THE FRUIT IS NOT AN ECOLOGICAL ANACHRONISM SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEED DISPERSAL; SOUTH TEXAS; FOOD-HABITS AB We used automatic game-cameras to document the consumption of desert gourds (Cucurbita foetidissima) by collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) during 2009-2011 at a wildlife feeding station near Alpine, Texas. Our observations constitute the first report of the fruit of C. foetidissima in the diet of collared peccary. Seeds probably escape damage during mastication and chemical digestion owing to their small size, and we, therefore, consider collared peccary to be potential dispersal agents of C. foetidissima. Although extinct megafauna (e.g., probiscideans, equids, and Geochelone) also may have dispersed seeds of C. foetidissima, the contention that its fruit is an ecological anachronism warrants reconsideration. C1 [Platt, Steven G.; Manning, Patricia R.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Rainwater, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, 176 Croghan Rd,Suite 200, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM trrainwater@gmail.com FU Department of Biology at Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas FX We are grateful to L. Epps, L. A. Harveson, M. Thompson, and H. Beck for providing literature, J. M. Williams and L. Medlock for assistance with maintaining the feeding station and wildlife-camera, and P. Charruau for translating our abstract into Spanish. Support for SGP and PRM was provided by the Department of Biology at Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1894/N11-JKF-37.1 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC8QQ UT WOS:000350633600024 ER PT J AU Decker, DJ Forstchen, AB Organ, JF Smith, CA Riley, SJ Jacobson, CA Batcheller, GR Siemer, WF AF Decker, Daniel J. Forstchen, Ann B. Organ, John F. Smith, Christian A. Riley, Shawn J. Jacobson, Cynthia A. Batcheller, Gordon R. Siemer, William F. TI Impacts Management: An Approach to Fulfilling Public Trust Responsibilities of Wildlife Agencies SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agency transformation; governance; impacts; public trust doctrine; stakeholders; wildlife management ID DOCTRINE AB In many states, case law, statutes, or constitutions establish a "public trust in wildlife," a derivative of the public trust doctrine. Although interpretation differs across jurisdictions, the underlying principle of wildlife as a public trust resource, explicitly expressed or not, carries with it broad obligations and standards of trust administration by government to ensure benefits of wildlife are available to all citizens, present and future. The standards for execution of responsibilities by trustees (elected officials or their appointees, such as commissions) and trust managers (e.g., wildlife professionals working for state wildlife agencies) require understanding beneficiaries' varied interests in the wildlife resource, which in turn requires effective public input and involvement, following the precepts of good governance, such as inclusiveness, openness, fairness, transparency, and accountability. Managing wildlife resources as public trust assets entails providing sustainable net benefits from the existence of wildlife and its co-existence with humans. Wildlife managers need an approach to wildlife management that is philosophically consistent with the benefits-production focus of trust administration. We explain that impacts management is such an approach, essentially tailor-made for fulfilling trust-management responsibilities because of its focus on diverse, stakeholder-value-defined outcomes (desired impacts) and its reliance on stakeholders' input for identifying and weighing competing outcomes desired by them. Impacts management is a wildlife resource management approach for providing sustainable, highly relevant public trust administration. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Decker, Daniel J.; Siemer, William F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Forstchen, Ann B.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Off Planning & Policy Coordinat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Wildlife & Sport Fish Restorat, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Smith, Christian A.] Wildlife Management Inst, Helena, MT 59602 USA. [Riley, Shawn J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jacobson, Cynthia A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Batcheller, Gordon R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Decker, DJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ann.forstchen@myfwc.com NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1002/wsb.380 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800002 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Johnson, DH Richkus, KD Rohwer, FC Cox, RR Padding, PI AF Pearse, Aaron T. Johnson, Douglas H. Richkus, Kenneth D. Rohwer, Frank C. Cox, Robert R., Jr. Padding, Paul I. TI Accuracy of Aging Ducks in the US Fish and Wildlife Service Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE age composition; Aix sponsa; Anas discors; Anas platyrhynchos; Anatidae; blue-winged teal; mallard; wing plumage; wood duck ID AGE-DETERMINATION; AMERICAN WIGEON; POPULATIONS; SEPARATION; MALLARD; RATES AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducts an annual Waterfowl Parts Collection Survey to estimate composition of harvested waterfowl by species, sex, and age (i.e., juv or ad). The survey relies on interpretation of duck wings by a group of experienced biologists at annual meetings (hereafter, flyway wingbees). Our objectives were to estimate accuracy of age assignment at flyway wingbees and to explore how accuracy rates may influence bias of age composition estimates. We used banded mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 791), wood ducks (Aix sponsa; n = 242), and blue-winged teal (Anas discors; n = 39) harvested and donated by hunters as our source of birds used in accuracy assessments. We sent wings of donated birds to wingbees after the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 hunting seasons and compared species, sex, and age determinations made at wingbees with our assessments based on internal and external examination of birds and corresponding banding records. Determinations of species and sex of mallards, wood ducks, and blue-winged teal were accurate (>99%). Accuracy of aging adult mallards increased with harvest date, whereas accuracy of aging juvenile male wood ducks and juvenile blue-winged teal decreased with harvest date. Accuracy rates were highest (96% and 95%) for adult and juvenile mallards, moderate for adult and juvenile wood ducks (92% and 92%), and lowest for adult and juvenile blue-winged teal (84% and 82%). We used these estimates to calculate bias for all possible age compositions (0-100% proportion juv) and determined the range of age compositions estimated with acceptable levels of bias. Comparing these ranges with age compositions estimated from Parts Collection Surveys conducted from 1961 to 2008 revealed that mallard and wood duck age compositions were estimated with insignificant levels of bias in all national surveys. However, 69% of age compositions for blue-winged teal were estimated with an unacceptable level of bias. The low preliminary accuracy rates of aging blue-winged teal based on our limited sample suggest a more extensive accuracy assessment study may be considered for interpreting age compositions of this species. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Johnson, Douglas H.; Cox, Robert R., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Richkus, Kenneth D.; Padding, Paul I.] United States Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management Populat & Habitat A, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rohwer, Frank C.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Mississippi Council; U.S. Geological Survey; Central Flyway Council FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Mississippi and Central Flyway Councils, and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank K. Cox for serving as the coordinator for the study, and participating hunters for donating harvested ducks. R. V. Raftovich provided historical survey data. We also thank participants of the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific flyway wingbees. D. Haukos, R. Raftovich, J. Dubovsky, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1002/wsb.373 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800006 ER PT J AU Stetz, JB Kendall, KC Macleod, AC AF Stetz, Jeff B. Kendall, Katherine C. Macleod, Amy C. TI Black Bear Density in Glacier National Park, Montana SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE abundance; American black bear; bear rubs; density estimation; Glacier National Park; hair trap; mark-recapture; mean maximum distance moved; noninvasive genetic sampling; Ursus americanus ID NONINVASIVE GENETIC SAMPLES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; POPULATION TRENDS; HABITAT-QUALITY; CAMERA-TRAPS; MARK; ESTIMATORS; PROGRAM; TIME AB We report the first abundance and density estimates for American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Glacier National Park (NP), Montana, USA. We used data from 2 independent and concurrent noninvasive genetic sampling methods-hair traps and bear rubs-collected during 2004 to generate individual black bear encounter histories for use in closed population mark-recapture models. We improved the precision of our abundance estimate by using noninvasive genetic detection events to develop individual-level covariates of sampling effort within the full and one-half mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) from each bear's estimated activity center to explain capture probability heterogeneity and inform our estimate of the effective sampling area. Models including the one-half MMDM covariate received overwhelming Akaike's Information Criterion support suggesting that buffering our study area by this distance would be more appropriate than no buffer or the full MMDM buffer for estimating the effectively sampled area and thereby density. Our model-averaged super-population abundance estimate was 603 (95% CI = 522-684) black bears for Glacier NP. Our black bear density estimate (11.4 bears/100 km(2), 95% CI = 9.9-13.0) was consistent with published estimates for populations that are sympatric with grizzly bears (U. arctos) and without access to spawning salmonids. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA C1 [Stetz, Jeff B.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Macleod, Amy C.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Field Stn,Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Stetz, JB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jeff.stetz@gmail.com OI MACLEOD, AMY/0000-0002-6966-2278 FU Blackfeet Nation; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (MT FWP); National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; University of Montana; U.S. Geological Survey-Park Oriented Biological Science Program; U.S. Forest Service FX We thank the hundreds of technicians and volunteers who collected hair samples under difficult field conditions, entered reams of data, and processed thousands of hair samples. D. Paetkau oversaw all genetic analyses and provided guidance on marker selection. We thank M. Efford and J. Whittington for assistance with SECR model development and analyses. M. Sawaya, M. Mitchell, G. White, D. Patterson, R. Powell, and 3 anonymous reviewers offered helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. W. McInnes, Crown Managers Partnership, provided Geographic Information Systems analysis support. We also thank the following agencies for their substantial logistical and in kind support: Blackfeet Nation; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (MT FWP); National Park Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the University of Montana. Principal financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey-Park Oriented Biological Science Program and U.S. Forest Service. MT FWP provided funding to genotype many of the hair samples we collected in the Whitefish Range. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1002/wsb.356 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800010 ER PT J AU Grovenburg, TW Klaver, RW Jacques, CN Brinkman, TJ Swanson, CC DePerno, CS Monteith, KL Sievers, JD Bleich, VC Kie, JG Jenks, JA AF Grovenburg, Troy W. Klaver, Robert W. Jacques, Christopher N. Brinkman, Todd J. Swanson, Christopher C. DePerno, Christopher S. Monteith, Kevin L. Sievers, Jaret D. Bleich, Vernon C. Kie, John G. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Influence of Landscape Characteristics on Retention of Expandable Radiocollars on Young Ungulates SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE expandable radiocollar; fawn; fencing; habitat; landscape; retention; ungulate ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MULE DEER; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; FAWNS; MORTALITY; PRONGHORNS; ILLINOIS AB One tool used for wildlife management is the deployment of radiocollars to gain knowledge of animal populations. Understanding the influence of individual factors (e.g., species, collar characteristics) and landscape characteristics (e.g., forested cover, shrubs, and fencing) on retention of expandable radiocollars for ungulates is important for obtaining empirical data on factors influencing ecology of young-of-the-year ungulates. During 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 198 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, 142 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawns, and 73 mule deer (O. hemionus) fawns in South Dakota, Minnesota, and California, USA. We documented 72 (36.4%), 8 (5.6%), and 7 (9.6%) premature (<270 days post-capture) collar losses among white-tailed deer, pronghorn, and mule deer, respectively. Probability of a collar being retained for 270 days was 0.36 (SE = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.27-0.47), 0.91 (SE = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.82-0.96), and 0.87 (SE = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94) for white-tailed deer, pronghorn, and mule deer fawns, respectively. Agricultural fencing, which varied among study areas and thus species, seemed to influence collar retention; fencing density was 69% lower in areas where fawns retained collars ((-)x = 1.00 km/km 2, SE = 0.1, n = 75) compared with areas where fawns shed collars ((-)x = 3.24 km/km 2, SE = 0.1, n = 56) prior to 270 days. Researchers of fawns should consider that radiocollars can be shed prematurely when estimating desired sample size to yield a suitable strength of inference about some natural process of interest. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jacques, Christopher N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Swanson, Christopher C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kulm, ND 58456 USA. [DePerno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Monteith, Kevin L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sievers, Jaret D.] South Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Sioux Falls, SD 57106 USA. [Bleich, Vernon C.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery Program, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. [Kie, John G.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 2140B,NPB Room 138, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.ed RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012 FU Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration [W-75-R-145, 7530, 75103, 7510]; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; California Department of Fish and Game Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program; South Dakota State University; Idaho State University; Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Wyoming; Bend of the River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Bluffland Whitetails Association; Cottonwood County Game and Fish League; Des Moines Valley Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.; Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Minnesota State Archery Association I; North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International; Rum River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; South Metro Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Whitetail Institute of North America; California Deer Association; Mule Deer Foundation; Pope and Young Club; Dacotah Chapter of the Safari Club International; Granite Bay Chapter of Safari Club International FX Funding for this study was provided by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration (Project W-75-R-145, nos. 7530, 75103, and 7510) administered by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; and the California Department of Fish and Game Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program. Funding also was provided by South Dakota State University, Idaho State University, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Wyoming, Bend of the River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Bluffland Whitetails Association, Cottonwood County Game and Fish League, Des Moines Valley Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc., Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota State Archery Association I, North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International, Rum River Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, South Metro Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Whitetail Institute of North America, California Deer Association, Mule Deer Foundation, Pope and Young Club, the Dacotah Chapter of the Safari Club International, and Granite Bay Chapter of Safari Club International. Additionally, many volunteers and technicians greatly contributed to the success of this study. We thank M. Conner and J. Stafford for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are grateful to the many landowners who granted us permission to conduct our study on their property. Any mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This is Professional Paper 089 from the Eastern Sierra Center for Applied Population Ecology. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1002/wsb.366 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800013 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Walsh, DP Goldstein, EJ Parsons, ZD Karsch, RC Stiver, JR Cain, JW Raedeke, KJ Jenks, JA AF Smith, Joshua B. Walsh, Daniel P. Goldstein, Elise J. Parsons, Zachary D. Karsch, Rebekah C. Stiver, Julie R. Cain, James W., III Raedeke, Kenneth J. Jenks, Jonathan A. TI Techniques for Capturing Bighorn Sheep Lambs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; capture; helicopter; lambs; neonates; netgun; Ovis canadensis; vaginal implant transmitter ID VAGINAL-IMPLANT TRANSMITTERS; MOUNTAIN SHEEP; MULE DEER; RECRUITMENT; PNEUMONIA; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; COLORADO; DISEASE; CANYON AB Low lamb recruitment is a major challenge facing managers attempting to mitigate the decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are limited because of the inability to readily capture and monitor bighorn sheep lambs. We evaluated 4 capture techniques for bighorn sheep lambs: 1) hand-capture of lambs from radiocollared adult females fitted with vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), 2) hand-capture of lambs of intensively monitored radiocollared adult females, 3) helicopter net-gunning, and 4) hand-capture of lambs from helicopters. During 2010-2012, we successfully captured 90% of lambs from females that retained VITs to <= 1 day of parturition, although we noted differences in capture rates between an area of high road density in the Black Hills (92-100%) of South Dakota, USA, and less accessible areas of New Mexico (71%), USA. Retention of VITs was 78% with prepartum expulsion the main cause of failure. We were less likely to capture lambs from females that expelled VITs >= 1 day of parturition (range = 80-83%) or females that were collared without VITs (range = 60-78%). We used helicopter net-gunning at several sites in 1999, 2001-2002, and 2011, and it proved a useful technique; however, at one site, attempts to capture lambs led to lamb predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). We attempted helicopter hand-captures at one site in 1999, and they also were successful in certain circumstances and avoided risk of physical trauma from net-gunning; however, application was limited. In areas of low accessibility or if personnel lack the ability to monitor females and/or VITs for extended periods, helicopter capture may provide a viable option for lamb capture. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Smith, Joshua B.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Walsh, Daniel P.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Goldstein, Elise J.; Raedeke, Kenneth J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parsons, Zachary D.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Karsch, Rebekah C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Stiver, Julie R.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Cain, James W., III] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM dwalsh@usgs.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; OI Walsh, Daniel/0000-0002-7772-2445 FU Wild Sheep Foundation; South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; Houston Safari Club; New Mexico Chapter of The Wild Sheep Foundation; Colorado Special Big Game Auction and Raffle funds; Boone and Crockett Wildlife Conservation Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; New Mexico Ranch Properties Incorporated; Turner Endangered Species Fund; University of Montana; Safari Club International; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration [7537] FX We thank Z. Holme, A. Keith, R. Swisher, B. Dreher, D. Ackley, S. Griffin, J. Broecher, B. Tycz, T. Berdan, J. Schmit, G. Brennan, B. Juarez, E. Rominger, T. Turnbull, J. Pitman, M. Gould, and M. Overstreet for their assistance on these studies and J. Kanta for logistical and technical support provided. We also acknowledge J. Olson and R. Small, in memoriam. Project funding and support was provided by Wild Sheep Foundation; South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish; Houston Safari Club; New Mexico Chapter of The Wild Sheep Foundation; Colorado Special Big Game Auction and Raffle funds; Boone and Crockett Wildlife Conservation Program; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; New Mexico Ranch Properties Incorporated; Turner Endangered Species Fund; the University of Montana; and Safari Club International. South Dakota capture operations in the central Black Hills also were funded by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration (Study No. 7537) administered through South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks. We thank P. R. Krausman, T. Fulbright and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1002/wsb.360 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800025 ER PT J AU Bjornlie, DD Thompson, DJ Haroldson, MA Schwartz, CC Gunther, KA Cain, SL Tyers, DB Frey, KL Aber, BC AF Bjornlie, Daniel D. Thompson, Daniel J. Haroldson, Mark A. Schwartz, Charles C. Gunther, Kerry A. Cain, Steven L. Tyers, Daniel B. Frey, Kevin L. Aber, Bryan C. TI Methods to Estimate Distribution and Range Extent of Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ArcGIS; distribution; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bear; kriging; range extent; Ursus arctos ID MODELING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; SAMPLE-SIZE AB The distribution of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population has expanded into areas unoccupied since the early 20th century. Up-to-date information on the area and extent of this distribution is crucial for federal, state, and tribal wildlife and land managers to make informed decisions regarding grizzly bear management. The most recent estimate of grizzly bear distribution (2004) utilized fixed-kernel density estimators to describe distribution. This method was complex and computationally time consuming and excluded observations of unmarked bears. Our objective was to develop a technique to estimate grizzly bear distribution that would allow for the use of all verified grizzly bear location data, as well as provide the simplicity to be updated more frequently. We placed all verified grizzly bear locations from all sources from 1990 to 2004 and 1990 to 2010 onto a 3-km x 3-km grid and used zonal analysis and ordinary kriging to develop a predicted surface of grizzly bear distribution. We compared the area and extent of the 2004 kriging surface with the previous 2004 effort and evaluated changes in grizzly bear distribution from 2004 to 2010. The 2004 kriging surface was 2.4% smaller than the previous fixed-kernel estimate, but more closely represented the data. Grizzly bear distribution increased 38.3% from 2004 to 2010, with most expansion in the northern and southern regions of the range. This technique can be used to provide a current estimate of grizzly bear distribution for management and conservation applications. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Bjornlie, Daniel D.; Thompson, Daniel J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Large Carnivore Sect, Lander, WY 82520 USA. [Haroldson, Mark A.; Schwartz, Charles C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Gunther, Kerry A.] Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Grand Teton Natl Pk, Moose, WY 83012 USA. [Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Frey, Kevin L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Bear Management Off, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Aber, Bryan C.] US Forest Serv, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Isl Pk, ID 83429 USA. RP Bjornlie, DD (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Large Carnivore Sect, 260 Buena Vista, Lander, WY 82520 USA. EM dan.bjornlie@wyo.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1002/wsb.368 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800027 ER PT J AU Strobel, BN Butler, MJ AF Strobel, Bradley N. Butler, Matthew J. TI Monitoring Whooping Crane Abundance Using Aerial Surveys: Influences on Detectability SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aircraft; decoy; distance sampling; endangered species; Grus americana; monitoring; sandhill crane; survey techniques; Texas; wintering grounds ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; MODEL SELECTION; DETECTING TRENDS; INFORMATION; POWER; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE AB The whooping crane (Grus americana), an endangered species, has been counted on its winter grounds in Texas, USA, since 1950 using fixed-wing aircraft. Many shortcomings of the traditional survey technique have been identified, calling into question its efficacy, defensibility, repeatability, and usefulness into the future. To improve and standardize monitoring effort, we began investigating new survey techniques. Here we focus on efficacy of line transect-based distance sampling during aerial surveys. We conducted a preliminary test of distance sampling during winter 2010-2011 while flying the traditional survey, which indicated that detectability within 500 m of transects was 0.558 (SE = 0.031). We then used an experimental decoy survey to evaluate impacts of observer experience, sun position, distance from transect, and group size on detectability. Our results indicated decoy detectability increased with group size and exhibited a quadratic relationship with distance likely due to pontoons on the aircraft. We found that detectability was 2.704 times greater when the sun was overhead and 3.912 times greater when the sun was at the observer's back than when it was in the observer's eyes. We found that an inexperienced observer misclassified non-target objects more often than an experienced observer. During the decoy experiment we used marks on the struts to categorize distances into intervals, but we found that observers misclassified distances 46.7% of the time (95% CI = 37.0-56.6%). Also, we found that detectability of individuals within detected groups was affected by group size and distance from transect. We discuss how these results inform design and implementation of future whooping crane monitoring efforts. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Strobel, Bradley N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aransas Natl Wildlife Refuge, Austwell, TX 77950 USA. [Butler, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Strobel, BN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, N11385 Headquarters Rd, Necedah, WI 54646 USA. EM matthew_butler@fws.gov FU USFWS FX We thank Aransas NWR staff and volunteers for helping to set up the decoys across the Blackjack Peninsula; without their hard work, we could not have completed this effort. We thank U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) pilot F. Roetkger. T. Stehn and the authors served as observers during the winter 2010-2011 surveys. D. Iriarte and B. Strobel served as observers during the decoys surveys. The USFWS provided financial support for this work. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1002/wsb.374 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800028 ER PT J AU Diller, LV Dumbacher, JP Bosch, RP Bown, RR Gutierrez, RJ AF Diller, Lowell V. Dumbacher, John P. Bosch, Raymond P. Bown, Robin R. Gutierrez, R. J. TI Removing Barred Owls from Local Areas: Techniques and Feasibility SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE barred owl; California; lethal removal; northern spotted owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia ID SPOTTED OWL AB The barred owl (Strix varia) has invaded the range of the northern spotted owl (S. occidentalis caurina) over the past century. The Northern Spotted Owl Recovery Plan recommended removal experiments to assess both the effect of barred owls on spotted owls and the feasibility of initiating some form of barred owl control to enhance recovery of the northern spotted owl. Concern has been raised that such experiments will be neither feasible nor cost-effective. To assess these and other concerns, we conducted lethal removal of barred owls within 3 areas totaling 85,205 ha in northern California, USA. We collected 73 of 81 territorial barred owls detected from 2009 to 2012 during 122 field visits. It took an average of 2 hr 23 min to collect each barred owl from the time of arrival at a site to the time a collected bird was completely processed for field data. Most barred owls were collected within one-half hour of arrival at a site. Lethal removal of barred owls was rapid, technically feasible, and cost-effective. We provide recommendations for techniques we found to be effective. (C) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Diller, Lowell V.] Green Diamond Resource Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Bosch, Raymond P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bown, Robin R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Diller, LV (reprint author), Green Diamond Resource Co, 600 Riverside Rd,POB 68, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. EM ldiller@greendiamond.com NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1002/wsb.381 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CD9PH UT WOS:000351429800031 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Leirness, JB Kinlan, BP O'Connell, AF Silverman, ED AF Zipkin, Elise F. Leirness, Jeffery B. Kinlan, Brian P. O'Connell, Allan F. Silverman, Emily D. TI Fitting statistical distributions to sea duck count data: Implications for survey design and abundance estimation SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common eiders; Discretized lognormal; Group size modeling; Long-tailed ducks; Marked point process; Model selection; Negative binomial; Scoters ID GROUP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMON EIDERS; SURF SCOTERS; FLOCK SIZE; WIND FARMS; POWER LAWS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SEABIRDS; REGRESSION AB Determining appropriate statistical distributions for modeling animal count data is important for accurate estimation of abundance, distribution, and trends. In the case of sea ducks along the U.S. Atlantic coast, managers want to estimate local and regional abundance to detect and track population declines, to define areas of high and low use, and to predict the impact of future habitat change on populations. In this paper, we used a modified marked point process to model survey data that recorded flock sizes of Common eiders, Long-tailed ducks, and Black, Surf, and White-winged scoters. The data come from an experimental aerial survey, conducted by the United States Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) Division of Migratory Bird Management, during which east-west transects were flown along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Florida during the winters of 2009-2011. To model the number of flocks per transect (the points), we compared the fit of four statistical distributions (zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated geometric, zero-inflated negative binomial and negative binomial) to data on the number of species-specific sea duck flocks that were recorded for each transect flown. To model the flock sizes (the marks), we compared the fit of flock size data for each species to seven statistical distributions: positive Poisson, positive negative binomial, positive geometric, logarithmic, discretized lognormal, zeta and Yule-Simon. Akaike's Information Criterion and Vuong's closeness tests indicated that the negative binomial and discretized lognormal were the best distributions for all species for the points and marks, respectively. These findings have important implications for estimating sea duck-abundances as the discretized lognormal is a more skewed distribution than the Poisson and negative binomial, which are frequently used to model avian counts; the lognormal is also less heavy-tailed than the power law distributions (e.g., zeta and Yule-Simon), which are becoming increasingly popular for group size modeling. Choosing appropriate statistical distributions for modeling flock size data is fundamental to accurately estimating population summaries, determining required survey effort, and assessing and propagating uncertainty through decision-making processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Leirness, Jeffery B.; Silverman, Emily D.] USFWS Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Leirness, Jeffery B.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] Consolidated Safety Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov OI Kinlan, Brian/0000-0001-7736-1726 FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; Atlantic Coast Joint Venture; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Office of Renewable Energy Programs [M12PG00068]; US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. FX The authors would like to thank the many pilots and observers for collecting the data for this study: pilots J. Bredy, J. Bidwell, C. Ferguson, M. Koneff, T. Liddick, W. Rhodes, F. Roetker, J. Solberg, and J. Wortham; observers N. Carle, S. Earsom, D. Forsell, T. Jones, T. Lewis, H. Obrecht, P. Padding, M. Perry, and T. White. We would also like to thank K. Fleming, K. Luke, and D. Saalfeld for data and GIS support and A. Royle and D. Rypkema for comments on an earlier draft. Data collection was funded in part by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Data analysis and model development were funded in part by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Office of Renewable Energy Programs through Interagency Agreement M12PG00068 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. B.P.K. was supported under NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 SI SI BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2012.10.002 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285SW UT WOS:000329416300006 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Johnson, DS Alldredge, MW AF Hooten, M. B. Hanks, E. M. Johnson, D. S. Alldredge, M. W. TI Temporal variation and scale in movement-based resource selection functions SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; Kullback-Leibler; Telemetry data ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; TELEMETRY DATA; MODEL; FRAMEWORK; AUTOCORRELATION; DISPERSAL AB A common population characteristic of interest in animal ecology studies pertains to the selection of resources. That is, given the resources available to animals, what do they ultimately choose to use? A variety of statistical approaches have been employed to examine this question and each has advantages and disadvantages with respect to the form of available data and the properties of estimators given model assumptions. A wealth of high resolution telemetry data are now being collected to study animal population movement and space use and these data present both challenges and opportunities for statistical inference. We summarize traditional methods for resource selection and then describe several extensions to deal with measurement uncertainty and an explicit movement process that exists in studies involving high-resolution telemetry data. Our approach uses a correlated random walk movement model to obtain temporally varying use and availability distributions that are employed in a weighted distribution context to estimate selection coefficients. The temporally varying coefficients are then weighted by their contribution to selection and combined to provide inference at the population level. The result is an intuitive and accessible statistical procedure that uses readily available software and is computationally feasible for large datasets. These methods are demonstrated using data collected as part of a large-scale mountain lion monitoring study in Colorado, USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hooten, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hooten, M. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, M. B.; Hanks, E. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, D. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Alldredge, M. W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mevin.Hooten@colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1201] FX Funding for this project was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (#1201). The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 SI SI BP 82 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2012.12.001 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285SW UT WOS:000329416300007 ER PT J AU Asquith, WH AF Asquith, William H. TI Parameter estimation for the 4-parameter Asymmetric Exponential Power distribution by the method of L-moments using R SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE L-moments; Order statistics; Asymmetric Exponential Power distribution; Generalized Lambda distribution; Kappa distribution ID GENERALIZED LAMBDA-DISTRIBUTION; TRIMMED L-MOMENTS; KAPPA-DISTRIBUTION; SKEWNESS AB The implementation characteristics of two method of L-moments (MLM) algorithms for parameter estimation of the 4-parameter Asymmetric Exponential Power (AEP4) distribution are studied using the R environment for statistical computing. The objective is to validate the algorithms for general application of the AEP4 using R. An algorithm was introduced in the original study of the L-moments for the AEP4. A second or alternative algorithm is shown to have a larger L-moment-parameter domain than the original. The alternative algorithm is shown to provide reliable parameter production and recovery of L-moments from fitted parameters. A proposal is made for AEP4 implementation in conjunction with the 4-parameter Kappa distribution to create a mixed-distribution framework encompassing the joint L-skew and L-kurtosis domains. The example application provides a demonstration of pertinent algorithms with L-moment statistics and two 4-parameter distributions (AEP4 and the Generalized Lambda) for MLM fitting to a modestly asymmetric and heavy-tailed dataset using R. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Asquith, WH (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Sci Bldg MS-1053,2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM wasquith@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 EI 1872-7352 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 71 SI SI BP 955 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2012.12.013 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 278DJ UT WOS:000328869000071 ER PT J AU Lyons, JJ Haney, MM Fee, D Paskievitch, JF AF Lyons, John J. Haney, Matthew M. Fee, David Paskievitch, John F. TI Distinguishing high surf from volcanic long-period earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Long-period seismicity; volcanoes; infrasound; surf ID SEISMICITY; EVENTS; INFRASOUND; FREQUENCY; SEMBLANCE; LOCATION; GLACIER; SWARMS AB Repeating long-period (LP) earthquakes are observed at active volcanoes worldwide and are typically attributed to unsteady pressure fluctuations associated with fluid migration through the volcanic plumbing system. Nonvolcanic sources of LP signals include ice movement and glacial outburst floods, and the waveform characteristics and frequency content of these events often make them difficult to distinguish from volcanic LP events. We analyze seismic and infrasound data from an LP swarm recorded at Pagan volcano on 12-14 October 2013 and compare the results to ocean wave data from a nearby buoy. We demonstrate that although the events show strong similarity to volcanic LP signals, the events are not volcanic but due to intense surf generated by a passing typhoon. Seismo-acoustic methods allow for rapid distinction of volcanic LP signals from those generated by large surf and other sources, a critical task for volcano monitoring. Key Points A swarm of LP earthquakes at Pagan volcano is associated with heavy surf Seismo-acoustic analyses distinguish volcanic and surf LP signals LP swarms from surf have a distinct periodicity not seen in volcanic LPs C1 [Lyons, John J.; Haney, Matthew M.; Paskievitch, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fee, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lyons, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jlyons@usgs.gov FU USGS Volcano Hazards Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program; Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks FX The USGS Volcano Hazards Program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the USGS Mendenhall Research Fellowship Program fund this work. We gratefully acknowledge field support from Cyrus Read, Frank Trusdell, Maurice Sako, Juan Camacho and the government of the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. D.F. acknowledges support from the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Thanks to Phil Dawson and three anonymous reviewers for careful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1178 DI 10.1002/2013GL058954 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1VV UT WOS:000333022700014 ER PT J AU Nason, P Johnson, RH Neuschutz, C Alakangas, L Ohlander, B AF Nason, Peter Johnson, Raymond H. Neuschutz, Clara Alakangas, Lena Ohlander, Bjorn TI Alternative waste residue materials for passive in situ prevention of sulfide-mine tailings oxidation: A field evaluation SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Sewage sludge; Biosolid; Fly ash; Acid rock drainage ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FLY-ASH; LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL; COAL; COPPER; STABILIZATION; COMPLEXATION; AMENDMENTS AB Novel solutions for sulfide-mine tailings remediation were evaluated in field-scale experiments on a former tailings repository in northern Sweden. Uncovered sulfide-tailings were compared to sewage-sludge biosolid amended tailings over 2 years. An application of a 0.2 m single-layer sewage-sludge amendment was unsuccessful at preventing oxygen ingress to underlying tailings. It merely slowed the sulfide-oxidation rate by 20%. In addition, sludge-derived metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, and Zn) migrated and precipitated at the tailings-to-sludge interface. By using an additional 0.6 m thick fly-ash sealing layer underlying the sewage sludge layer, a solution to mitigate oxygen transport to the underlying tailings and minimize sulfide-oxidation was found. The fly-ash acted as a hardened physical barrier that prevented oxygen diffusion and provided a trap for sludge-borne metals. Nevertheless, the biosolid application hampered the application, despite the advances in the effectiveness of the fly-ash layer, as sludge-borne nitrate leached through the cover system into the underlying tailings, oxidizing pyrite. This created a 0.3 m deep oxidized zone in 6-years. This study highlights that using sewage sludge in unconventional cover systems is not always a practical solution for the remediation of sulfide-bearing mine tailings to mitigate against sulfide weathering and acid rock drainage formation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nason, Peter; Alakangas, Lena; Ohlander, Bjorn] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Geosci & Waste Engn, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. [Johnson, Raymond H.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Neuschutz, Clara] Niras, SE-10724 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nason, P (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Geosci & Waste Engn, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. EM peter.nason@ltu.se FU European Union's Structural Funds; Georange in Sweden FX This research project was carried out via financial aid from the European Union's Structural Funds, through the non-profit organization Georange in Sweden. It was conducted within the framework of the Centre of Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM) at Lulea University of Technology. The authors wish to express further gratitude to Anna Korkkio from New Boliden AB for providing assistance and access to the field sites, and to Bert-Sive Lindmark of Bergteamet AB who provided further field assistance. A.L.S. Scandinavia is acknowledged for providing the sample analyses. Finally, thanks goes to Milan Vnuk for help preparing the figures. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 267 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.066 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC8VF UT WOS:000332812500030 PM 24462894 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Lorenz, JM Coplen, TB Tarbox, L Mayer, B Taylor, S AF Qi, Haiping Lorenz, Jennifer M. Coplen, Tyler B. Tarbox, Lauren Mayer, Bernhard Taylor, Steve TI Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RATIO ANALYSIS; GAS AB RATIONALEBecause of the paucity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Lake Louise water from Alberta, Canada, for international distribution. METHODSThis water was filtered, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5mL of water in each ampoule. RESULTSThe H-2 and O-18 values of this reference water are -150.20.5 parts per thousand and -19.80 +/- 0.02 parts per thousand, respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the H-2 and O-18 values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5 parts per thousand. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2u(c)) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value. CONCLUSIONSThis isotopic reference material, designated as USGS47, is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and stable oxygen isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Qi, Haiping; Lorenz, Jennifer M.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Tarbox, Lauren] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mayer, Bernhard; Taylor, Steve] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM haipingq@usgs.gov OI Lorenz, Jennifer/0000-0002-5826-7264 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1002/rcm.6789 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 284HY UT WOS:000329308100004 PM 24395502 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Christensen, BW Asa, CS Callahan, M Young, JK AF Mech, L. David Christensen, Bruce W. Asa, Cheryl S. Callahan, Margaret Young, Julie K. TI Production of Hybrids between Western Gray Wolves and Western Coyotes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; FERTILE ESTRUS; NORTH-AMERICA; GNRH-AGONIST; CANIS-LUPUS; WOLF; EASTERN; HYBRIDIZATION; PREGNANCY AB Using artificial insemination we attempted to produce hybrids between captive, male, western, gray wolves (Canis lupus) and female, western coyotes (Canis latrans) to determine whether their gametes would be compatible and the coyotes could produce and nurture offspring. The results contribute new information to an ongoing controversy over whether the eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) is a valid unique species that could be subject to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Attempts with transcervically deposited wolf semen into nine coyotes over two breeding seasons yielded three coyote pregnancies. One coyote ate her pups, another produced a resorbed fetus and a dead fetus by C-section, and the third produced seven hybrids, six of which survived. These results show that, although it might be unlikely for male western wolves to successfully produce offspring with female western coyotes under natural conditions, western-gray-wolf sperm are compatible with western-coyote ova and that at least one coyote could produce and nurture hybrid offspring. This finding in turn demonstrates that gamete incompatibility would not have prevented western, gray wolves from inseminating western coyotes and thus producing hybrids with coyote mtDNA, a claim that counters the view that the eastern wolf is a separate species. However, some of the difficulties experienced by the other inseminated coyotes tend to temper that finding and suggest that more experimentation is needed, including determining the behavioral and physical compatibility of western gray wolves copulating with western coyotes. Thus although our study adds new information to the controversy, it does not settle it. Further study is needed to determine whether the putative Canis lycaon is indeed a unique species. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. [Christensen, Bruce W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Asa, Cheryl S.] St Louis Zoo, Res Dept, St Louis, MO USA. [Callahan, Margaret] Wildlife Sci Ctr, Forest Lake, MN USA. [Young, Julie K.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu FU Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S.Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services - National Wildlife Research Center; Wildlife Science Center; Saint Louis Zoo FX This study was supported by the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S.Geological Survey (http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/); the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services - National Wildlife Research Center (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/); the Wildlife Science Center (http://www.wildlifesciencecenter.org/), and the Saint Louis Zoo (http://www.stlzoo.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 76 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88861 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088861 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2ZX UT WOS:000332385900015 PM 24586418 ER PT J AU Streby, HM Refsnider, JM Peterson, SM Andersen, DE AF Streby, Henry M. Refsnider, Jeanine M. Peterson, Sean M. Andersen, David E. TI Retirement investment theory explains patterns in songbird nest-site choice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE avian productivity; fitness; fledgling; nest success; stabilizing selection; Vermivora chrysoptera ID HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; HABITAT SELECTION; OVIPOSITION-SITE; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; PREDATION; RISK; CONSERVATION AB When opposing evolutionary selection pressures act on a behavioural trait, the result is often stabilizing selection for an intermediate optimal phenotype, with deviations from the predicted optimum attributed to tracking a moving target, development of behavioural syndromes or shifts in riskiness over an individual's lifetime. We investigated nest-site choice by female golden-winged warblers, and the selection pressures acting on that choice by two fitness components, nest success and fledgling survival. We observed strong and consistent opposing selection pressures on nest-site choice for maximizing these two fitness components, and an abrupt, within-season switch in the fitness component birds prioritize via nest-site choice, dependent on the time remaining for additional nesting attempts. We found that females consistently deviated from the predicted optimal behaviour when choosing nest sites because they can make multiple attempts at one fitness component, nest success, but only one attempt at the subsequent component, fledgling survival. Our results demonstrate a unique natural strategy for balancing opposing selection pressures to maximize total fitness. This time-dependent switch from high to low risk tolerance in nest-site choice maximizes songbird fitness in the same way a well-timed switch in human investor risk tolerance can maximize one's nest egg at retirement. Our results also provide strong evidence for the adaptive nature of songbird nest-site choice, which we suggest has been elusive primarily due to a lack of consideration for fledgling survival. C1 [Streby, Henry M.; Peterson, Sean M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Refsnider, Jeanine M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Streby, HM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 200 Hodson Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM streby@berkeley.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources through Research Work Order at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [87]; National Science Foundation [1202729, 1202725] FX These data were collected during a project financially supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey, and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources through Research Work Order no. 87 at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. H. M. S. and J.M.R. are supported by the National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Program under grant nos. 1202729 (H. M. S.) and 1202725 (J.M.R.). Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey, University of Minnesota or any other organization supporting this research. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1777 AR 20131834 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.1834 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YK UT WOS:000332382000002 PM 24403320 ER PT J AU Phelps, NBD Mor, SK Armien, AG Batts, W Goodwin, AE Hopper, L McCann, R Ng, TFF Puzach, C Waltzek, TB Delwart, E Winton, J Goyal, SM AF Phelps, Nicholas B. D. Mor, Sunil K. Armien, Anibal G. Batts, William Goodwin, Andrew E. Hopper, Lacey McCann, Rebekah Ng, Terry Fei Fan Puzach, Corey Waltzek, Thomas B. Delwart, Eric Winton, James Goyal, Sagar M. TI Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Picornavirus from Baitfish in the USA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; RNA; PROTEIN; ECOLOGY; FAMILY; MEMBER; GENUS; WILD AB During both regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of baitfish from the states of Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, and Wisconsin, USA, isolates (n = 20) of a previously unknown picornavirus were obtained from kidney/spleen or entire viscera of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni). Following the appearance of a diffuse cytopathic effect, examination of cell culture supernatant by negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of small, round virus particles (similar to 30-32 nm), with picornavirus-like morphology. Amplification and sequence analysis of viral RNA identified the agent as a novel member of the Picornaviridae family, tentatively named fathead minnow picornavirus (FHMPV). The full FHMPV genome consisted of 7834 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on 491 amino acid residues of the 3D gene showed 98.6% to 100% identity among the 20 isolates of FHMPV compared in this study while only 49.5% identity with its nearest neighbor, the bluegill picornavirus (BGPV) isolated from bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Based on complete polyprotein analysis, the FHMPV shared 58% (P1), 33% (P2) and 43% (P3) amino acid identities with BGPV and shared less than 40% amino acid identity with all other picornaviruses. Hence, we propose the creation of a new genus (Piscevirus) within the Picornaviridae family. The impact of FHMPV on the health of fish populations is unknown at present. C1 [Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; Mor, Sunil K.; Armien, Anibal G.; Goyal, Sagar M.] Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; Armien, Anibal G.; Goyal, Sagar M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Batts, William; Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Goodwin, Andrew E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Hopper, Lacey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Hlth Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [McCann, Rebekah; Puzach, Corey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI USA. [Ng, Terry Fei Fan; Delwart, Eric] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. [Ng, Terry Fei Fan; Delwart, Eric] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Waltzek, Thomas B.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Phelps, NBD (reprint author), Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phelp083@umn.edu OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484; Ng, Terry Fei Fan/0000-0002-4815-8697 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e87593 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0087593 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB3VI UT WOS:000331717900012 PM 24586283 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, JB Evans, WC Bergfeld, D Hunt, AG AF Lowenstern, J. B. Evans, W. C. Bergfeld, D. Hunt, A. G. TI Prodigious degassing of a billion years of accumulated radiogenic helium at Yellowstone SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GASES; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NATIONAL-PARK; VOLCANIC SYSTEM; CO2 EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; FLUX; FLUIDS; BASIN; GROUNDWATER AB Helium is used as a critical tracer throughout the Earth sciences, where its relatively simple isotopic systematics is used to trace degassing from the mantle, to date groundwater and to time the rise of continents(1). The hydrothermal system at Yellowstone National Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope ratio, commonly cited as evidence for a deep mantle source for the Yellowstone hotspot(2). However, much of the helium emitted from this region is actually radiogenic helium-4 produced within the crust by alpha-decay of uranium and thorium. Here we show, by combining gas emission rates with chemistry and isotopic analyses, that crustal helium-4 emission rates from Yellowstone exceed (by orders of magnitude) any conceivable rate of generation within the crust. It seems that helium has accumulated for (at least) many hundreds of millions of years in Archaean (more than 2.5 billion years old) cratonic rocks beneath Yellowstone, only to be liberated over the past two million years by intense crustal metamorphism induced by the Yellowstone hotspot. Our results demonstrate the extremes in variability of crustal helium efflux on geologic time-scales and imply crustal-scale open-system behaviour of helium in tectonically and magmatically active regions. C1 [Lowenstern, J. B.; Evans, W. C.; Bergfeld, D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hunt, A. G.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlwnstrn@usgs.gov OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7488 BP 355 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12992 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB0JL UT WOS:000331477800038 PM 24553240 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE McKann, PC AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. McKann, Patrick C. TI Large-scale climate variation modifies the winter grouping behavior of endangered Indiana bats SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE detectability; endangered species; Metabolic Theory of Ecology; Myotis sodalis; power law; scaling; white-nose syndrome ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ANIMAL GROUP-SIZE; MYOTIS-SODALIS; POWER-LAWS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATION AB Power laws describe the functional relationship between 2 quantities, such as the frequency of a group as the multiplicative power of group size. We examined whether the annual size of well-surveyed wintering populations of endangered Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) followed a power law, and then leveraged this relationship to predict whether the aggregation of Indiana bats in winter was influenced by global climate processes. We determined that Indiana bat wintering populations were distributed according to a power law (mean scaling coefficient alpha = -0.44 [95% confidence interval {95% CI) = -0.61, -0.28). The antilog of these annual scaling coefficients ranged between 0.67 and 0.81, coincident with the three-fourths power found in many other biological phenomena. We associated temporal patterns in the annual (1983-2011) scaling coefficient with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in August (beta NAOAugust = -0.017 [90% CI = -0.032, -0.002]), when Indiana bats are deciding when and where to hibernate. After accounting for the strong effect of philopatry to habitual wintering locations, Indiana bats aggregated in larger wintering populations during periods of severe winter and in smaller populations in milder winters. The association with August values of the NAO indicates that bats anticipate future winter weather conditions when deciding where to roost, a heretofore unrecognized role for prehibernation swarming behavior. Future research is needed to understand whether the three-fourths scaling patterns we observed are related to scaling in metabolism. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; McKann, Patrick C.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-098 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AC2QY UT WOS:000332350200011 ER PT J AU Erlenbach, JA Rode, KD Raubenheimer, D Robbins, CT AF Erlenbach, Joy A. Rode, Karyn D. Raubenheimer, David Robbins, Charles T. TI Macronutrient optimization and energy maximization determine diets of brown bears SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE brown bear; carbohydrate; diet; fat; foraging; geometric framework; protein ID MARITIMUS SUMMER DIETS; POLAR BEAR; GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; PROTEIN-LEVERAGE; RINGED SEALS; BLACK BEARS; MASS GAIN; CONSEQUENCES; DIGESTIBILITY; SELECTION AB Many animals consume mixed diets that maximize their fitness by optimizing macronutrient intake. We tested whether brown bears (Ursus arctos), generalist omnivores that hibernate, regulated their diet to a common nutrient target, achieved a nutrient target related to fitness, and selected a nutrient target that differed between seasons and from other species with differing life histories. When given unlimited access to 2 or 3 highly digestible foods containing primarily protein, carbohydrate, or lipid, brown bears selected mixed diets in which protein provided 17% +/- 4% SD of the metabolizable energy and 22% +/- 6% of the dry matter. This dietary protein content maximized the rate of gain per unit of energy consumed, is similar to the level preferred by other omnivores, and is less than that preferred by obligate carnivores. Between seasons, bears selected similar dietary protein levels, although the proportion of lipid was higher during the fall than during the spring. Bears strongly preferred lipids over carbohydrates, as did other carnivores, but they used lipids and carbohydrates with equal efficiency to produce a dietary protein content that maximized mass gain per unit of energy intake. Thus, dietary sources of lipids and carbohydrates play an interchangeable and important role in determining the productivity of bears that goes beyond their role in providing energy. C1 [Erlenbach, Joy A.; Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rode, Karyn D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Raubenheimer, David] Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Raubenheimer, David] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Raubenheimer, David] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Robbins, Charles T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Erlenbach, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jerlenbach@wsu.edu OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 FU Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee; United States Fish and Wildlife Service polar bear program; Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment; Bear Research and Conservation Fund; Nutritional Ecology Endowment at Washington State University FX Funding was provided by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, United States Fish and Wildlife Service polar bear program, the Raili Korkka Brown Bear Endowment, the Bear Research and Conservation Fund, and the Nutritional Ecology Endowment at Washington State University. We appreciate donations of foods by Safeway, Inc., and Walmart, Inc. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 46 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1644/13-MAMM-A-161 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AC2QY UT WOS:000332350200015 ER PT J AU Diffendorfer, JE Compton, RW AF Diffendorfer, Jay E. Compton, Roger W. TI Land Cover and Topography Affect the Land Transformation Caused by Wind Facilities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB Land transformation (ha of surface disturbance/MW) associated with wind facilities shows wide variation in its reported values. In addition, no studies have attempted to explain the variation across facilities. We digitized land transformation at 39 wind facilities using high resolution aerial imagery. We then modeled the effects of turbine size, configuration, land cover, and topography on the levels of land transformation at three spatial scales. The scales included strings (turbines with intervening roads only), sites (strings with roads connecting them, buried cables and other infrastructure), and entire facilities (sites and the roads or transmission lines connecting them to existing infrastructure). An information theoretic modeling approach indicated land cover and topography were well-supported variables affecting land transformation, but not turbine size or configuration. Tilled landscapes, despite larger distances between turbines, had lower average land transformation, while facilities in forested landscapes generally had the highest land transformation. At site and string scales, flat topographies had the lowest land transformation, while facilities on mesas had the largest. The results indicate the landscape in which the facilities are placed affects the levels of land transformation associated with wind energy. This creates opportunities for optimizing wind energy production while minimizing land cover change. In addition, the results indicate forecasting the impacts of wind energy on land transformation should include the geographic variables affecting land transformation reported here. C1 [Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Compton, Roger W.] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Diffendorfer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jediffendorfer@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU Land Change Science Program at the United States Geological Survey FX This research was funded by the Land Change Science Program at the United States Geological Survey. http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/lcs/. Program managers had no role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88914 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088914 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB3RA UT WOS:000331706700095 PM 24558449 ER PT J AU de Castro, DL Fuck, RA Phillips, JD Vidotti, RM Bezerra, FHR Dantas, EL AF de Castro, David L. Fuck, Reinhardt A. Phillips, Jeffrey D. Vidotti, Roberta M. Bezerra, Francisco H. R. Dantas, Elton L. TI Crustal structure beneath the Paleozoic Parnaiba Basin revealed by airborne gravity and magnetic data, Brazil SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Potential field methods; Airborne gravity/magnetic data; 3-D geophysical modeling; Crustal domains; Parnaiba Basin ID SOUTH-AMERICA; EULER DECONVOLUTION; BORBOREMA PROVINCE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; NE BRAZIL; EVOLUTION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; BASEMENT; RODINIA; CRATON AB The Parnaiba Basin is a large Paleozoic syneclise in northeastern Brazil underlain by Precambrian crystalline basement, which comprises a complex lithostructural and tectonic framework formed during the Neoproterozoic-Eopaleozoic Brasiliano-Pan African orogenic collage. A sag basin up to 3.5 km thick and 1000 km long formed after the collage. The lithologic composition, structure, and role in the basin evolution of the underlying basement are the focus of this study. Airborne gravity and magnetic data were modeled to reveal the general crustal structure underneath the Parnaiba Basin. Results indicate that gravity and magnetic signatures delineate the main boundaries and structural trends of three cratonic areas and surrounding Neoproterozoic fold belts in the basement. Triangular-shaped basement inliers are geophysically defined in the central region of this continentalscale Neoproterozoic convergence zone. A 3-D gravity inversion constrained by seismological data reveals that basement inliers exhibit a 36-40.5 km deep crustal root, with borders defined by a high-density and thinner crust. Forward modeling of gravity and magnetic data indicates that lateral boundaries between crustal units are limited by Brasiliano shear zones, representing lithospheric sutures of the Amazonian and Sao Francisco Cratons, Tocantins Province and Parnaiba Block. In addition, coincident residual gravity, residual magnetic, and pseudo-gravity lows indicate two complex systems of Eopaleozoic rifts related to the initial phase of the sag deposition, which follow basement trends in several directions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Castro, David L.; Bezerra, Francisco H. R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Geol, Programa Posgrad Geodinam & Geofis, BR-59078970 Natal, RN, Brazil. [Fuck, Reinhardt A.; Vidotti, Roberta M.; Dantas, Elton L.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Geociencias, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Phillips, Jeffrey D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP de Castro, DL (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Geol, Programa Posgrad Geodinam & Geofis, Campus Univ S-N, BR-59078970 Natal, RN, Brazil. EM david@geologia.ufrn.br; reinhardt@unb.br; jeff@usgs.gov; roberta@unb.br; bezerrafh@geologia.ufrn.br; elton@unb.br RI Lopes de Castro, David/A-3797-2009; Vidotti, Roberta/O-8019-2014 OI Lopes de Castro, David/0000-0003-1110-9389; Vidotti, Roberta/0000-0003-1951-3431 FU Brazilian oil company Petrobras; INCT-Estudos Tectonicos; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [8826/11-0] FX This research is part of the Transbrasiliano Project, supported by the Brazilian oil company Petrobras, and INCT-Estudos Tectonicos. The authors are greatful to the Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Biocombustiveis (ANP) and Servico Geologic do Brasil (CPRM) for supplying geophysical data. The geophysical processing, modeling and interpretation were carried out in the Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center (CGGSC), U.S. Geological Survey. A.E. McCafferty (USGS) and two anonymous referees improved previous versions of this paper. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES - Grant number: 8826/11-0) for their research grants. The corresponding author dedicates his part in this work to his whole family, in particular to Jorge Teixeira de Castro. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 614 BP 128 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.12.009 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB4QB UT WOS:000331773900008 ER PT J AU Fuller, CC Bargar, JR AF Fuller, Christopher C. Bargar, John R. TI Processes of Zinc Attenuation by Biogenic Manganese Oxides Forming in the Hyporheic Zone of Pinal Creek, Arizona SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; METAL SORBED BIRNESSITE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; HEXAGONAL-BIRNESSITE; AQUEOUS ZN(II); STRAIN SG-1; MN OXIDES; SORPTION; ZN; MECHANISMS AB The distribution and speciation of Zn sorbed to biogenic Mn oxides forming in the hyporheic zone of Pinal Creek, AZ, was investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and microfocused synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (mu SXRF) mapping, and chemical extraction. mu SXRF and chemical extractions show that contaminant Zn co-varied with Mn in streambed sediment grain coatings. Bulk and microfocused EXAFS spectra of Zn in the biogenic Mn oxide coating are indicative of Zn forming triple-corner-sharing inner-sphere complexes over octahedral vacancies in the Mn oxide sheet structure. Zn desorbed in response to the decrease in pH in batch experiments and resulted in near-equal dissolved Zn at each pH over a 10-fold range in the solid/solution ratio. The geometry of sorbed Zn was unchanged after 50% desorption at pH 5, indicating that desorption is not controlled by dissolution of secondary Zn phases. In summary, these findings support the idea that Zn attenuation in Pinal Creek is largely controlled by sorption to microbial Mn oxides forming in the streambed during hyporheic exchange. Sorption to biogenic Mn oxides is likely an important process of Zn attenuation in circum-neutral pH reaches of many acid-mine drainage contaminated streams when dissolved Mn is present. C1 [Fuller, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Chem & Catalysis Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fuller, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ccfuller@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074 FU National Research Program; Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P41GM103393]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Funding for this work was provided in part by the National Research Program and the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Portions of this research were carried out at the SSRL, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) (including P41GM103393). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIGMS or NIH. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Matthew Marcus and Sam Webb assisted with mu EXAFS and mu SXRF mapping measurements. We thank four anonymous reviewers and J. Pena for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 2165 EP 2172 DI 10.1021/es402576f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB4QD UT WOS:000331774100010 PM 24460038 ER PT J AU Martinovic-Weigelt, D Mehinto, AC Ankley, GT Denslow, ND Barber, LB Lee, KE King, RJ Schoenfuss, HL Schroeder, AL Villeneuve, DL AF Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma Mehinto, Alvine C. Ankley, Gerald T. Denslow, Nancy D. Barber, Larry B. Lee, Kathy E. King, Ryan J. Schoenfuss, Heiko L. Schroeder, Anthony L. Villeneuve, Daniel L. TI Transcriptomic Effects-Based Monitoring for Endocrine Active Chemicals: Assessing Relative Contribution of Treated Wastewater to Downstream Pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON-RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; ESTROGEN; EFFLUENT; FISH; DISRUPTION; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; PATHWAYS AB The present study investigated whether a combination of targeted analytical chemistry information with unsupervised, data-rich biological methodology (i.e., transcriptomics) could be utilized to evaluate relative contributions of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to biological effects. The effects of WWTP effluents on fish exposed to ambient, receiving waters were studied at three locations with distinct WWTP and watershed characteristics. At each location, 4 d exposures of male fathead minnows to the WWTP effluent and upstream and downstream ambient waters were conducted. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on livers using 15 000 feature microarrays, followed by a canonical pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. Enrichment of gene sets indicative of teleost brain pituitary gonadal hepatic (BPGH) axis function indicated that WWTPs serve as an important source of endocrine active chemicals (EACs) that affect the BPGH axis (e.g., cholesterol and steroid metabolism were altered). The results indicated that transcriptomics may even pinpoint pertinent adverse outcomes (i.e., liver vacuolization) and groups of chemicals that preselected chemical analytes may miss. Transcriptomic Effects-Based monitoring was capable of distinguishing sites, and it reflected chemical pollution gradients, thus holding promise for assessment of relative contributions of point sources to pollution and the efficacy of pollution remediation. C1 [Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma; King, Ryan J.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Mehinto, Alvine C.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Ankley, Gerald T.; Schroeder, Anthony L.; Villeneuve, Daniel L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lee, Kathy E.] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, Mounds View, MN 55744 USA. [Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Martinovic-Weigelt, D (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, Mail OWS 390,2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM dalma@stthomas.edu OI Martinovic-Weigelt, Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965 FU MN Pollution Control Agency; MN Clean Water Fund; USGS; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; US EPA (Office of Research and Development's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program, Region 5, Great Lakes National Program Office) FX Funded by MN Pollution Control Agency, MN Clean Water Fund, USGS, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US EPA (Office of Research and Development's Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program, Region 5, Great Lakes National Program Office). We thank Mark Ferrey, Brent Weigelt, Germain Walseth, Jascha Marchuk, and the WWTP staff. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 2385 EP 2394 DI 10.1021/es404027n PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB4QD UT WOS:000331774100036 PM 24409827 ER PT J AU Hoell, A Barlow, M Wheeler, MC Funk, C AF Hoell, Andrew Barlow, Mathew Wheeler, Matthew C. Funk, Chris TI Disruptions of El Nino-Southern Oscillation Teleconnections by the MaddenJulian Oscillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE El Nino - Southern Oscillation; Madden Julian Oscillation; Disruption ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; JULIAN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; INDIAN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; SST; HEMISPHERE AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual variability, with global impacts on weather and climate that have seasonal predictability. Research on the link between interannual ENSO variability and the leading mode of intraseasonal variability, the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), has focused mainly on the role of MJO initiating or terminating ENSO. We use observational analysis and modeling to show that the MJO has an important simultaneous link to ENSO: strong MJO activity significantly weakens the atmospheric branch of ENSO. For weak MJO conditions relative to strong MJO conditions, the average magnitude of ENSO-associated tropical precipitation anomalies increases by 63%, and the strength of hemispheric teleconnections increases by 58%. Since the MJO has predictability beyond three weeks, the relationships shown here suggest that there may be subseasonal predictability of the ENSO teleconnections to continental circulation and precipitation. Key Points MJO modifies the magnitude of tropical Pacific precipitation during ENSO MJO modifies the midlatitude teleconnections during ENSO Low-level wind shows a link between MJO activity and ENSO air-sea coupling C1 [Hoell, Andrew; Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA USA. [Wheeler, Matthew C.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Hoell, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM hoell@geog.ucsb.edu FU National Science Foundation [0909272, 0811099] FX The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research is a partnership between the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. M.B. was supported by National Science Foundation grants 0909272 and 0811099. We thank Fred Kucharski of the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) for providing the SPEEDY model. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 998 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/2013GL058648 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JO UT WOS:000332990500036 ER PT J AU Griffin, ER Perignon, MC Friedman, JM Tucker, GE AF Griffin, Eleanor R. Perignon, Mariela C. Friedman, Jonathan M. Tucker, Gregory E. TI Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Fluvial geomorphology; Floods; Riparian vegetation; Rio Puerco ID BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SALTCEDAR CONTROL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BANK VEGETATION; COLORADO RIVER; PECOS RIVER; BED RIVERS; CHANNEL; ROUGHNESS AB Distributions of woody vegetation on floodplain surfaces affect flood-flow erosion and deposition processes. A large flood along the lower Rio Puerco, New Mexico, in August 2006 caused extensive erosion in a reach that had been sprayed with herbicide in September 2003 for the purpose of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) control. Large volumes of sediment, including a substantial fraction of sand, were delivered to the reach downstream, which had not been treated with herbicide. We applied physically based, one-dimensional models of flow and suspended-sediment transport to compute volume concentrations of sand in suspension in floodplain flow at a site within the sprayed reach and at a site downstream from the sprayed reach. We computed the effects of drag on woody stems in reducing the skin friction shear stress, velocity of flow, and suspended-sand transport from open paths into patches of dense stems. Total flow and suspended-sand fluxes were computed for each site using well-constrained flood-flow depths, water-surface slopes, and measured shrub characteristics. Results show that flow in open paths carried high concentrations of sand in suspension with nearly uniform vertical distributions. Drag on woody floodplain stems reduced skin friction shear stresses by two orders of magnitude, yet sufficient velocities were maintained to transport sand more than 50 m into fields of dense, free-surfacepenetrating stems. An increase in shrub canopy extent from 31% in the sprayed reach site to 49% in the downstream site was found to account for 69% of the computed decrease in discharge between the two sites. The results demonstrate the need to compute the spatial distribution of skin friction shear stress in order to effectively compute suspended-sand transport and to predict the fate of sediment and contaminants carried in suspension during large floods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Griffin, Eleanor R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Perignon, Mariela C.; Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perignon, Mariela C.; Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Griffin, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM egriffin@usgs.gov; perignon@colorado.edu; jonathan_Friedman@usgs.gov; gtucker@cires.colorado.edu RI Perignon, Mariela/J-5627-2016; OI Perignon, Mariela/0000-0002-1467-6103; Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663; TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 FU USGS Central Region Integrated Science Program; NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program [EAR-1043051] FX The 2005 LiDAR data acquisition was funded by the USGS Central Region Integrated Science Program and managed by V. Queija. Acquisition and processing of the 2010 LiDAR dataset was completed by NCALM (http://www.ncalm.org/) in a grant to Mariela Perignon, Ph.D. candidate, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. NCALM funding was provided by NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program, EAR-1043051, http://dx.doLorg/10.5069/G9HT2M76. The high-precision GPS survey in April 2010 was conducted by C. Holmquist-Johnson, assisted by K. Vincent. We thank the Pueblo of Isleta for providing access to the land where the research was conducted. We also thank Richard Marston, Jeb Brown, and three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Advice and insight provided by J. Dungan Smith early in the development of the approach were greatly appreciated. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 207 BP 30 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AB8QW UT WOS:000332056100004 ER PT J AU He, YJ Jones, MC Zhuang, QL Bochicchio, C Felzer, BS Mason, E Yu, ZC AF He, Yujie Jones, Miriam C. Zhuang, Qianlai Bochicchio, Christopher Felzer, Benjamin S. Mason, Erik Yu, Zicheng TI Evaluating CO2 and CH4 dynamics of Alaskan ecosystems during the Holocene Thermal Maximum SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Holocene Thermal Maximum; Alaska; Biomization; Ecosystem productivity; Carbon cycling; CH4 emissions ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON-CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; POLLEN DATA; SEA-LEVEL; THAWING PERMAFROST; ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS; BOREAL ECOSYSTEMS; SEWARD PENINSULA AB The Arctic has experienced much greater warming than the global average in recent decades due to polar amplification. Warming has induced ecological changes that have impacted climate carbon-cycle feed-backs, making it important to understand the climate and vegetation controls on carbon (C) dynamics. Here we used the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM, 11-9 ka BP, 1 ka BP = 1000 cal yr before present) in Alaska as a case study to examine how ecosystem Cdynamics responded to the past warming climate using an integrated approach of combining paleoecological reconstructions and ecosystem modeling. Our paleoecological synthesis showed expansion of deciduous broadleaf forest (dominated by Populus) into tundra and the establishment of boreal evergreen needleleaf and mixed forest during the second half of the HTM under a warmer- and wetter-than-before climate, coincident with the occurrence of the highest net primary productivity, cumulative net ecosystem productivity, soil C accumulation and CH4 emissions. These series of ecological and biogeochemical shifts mirrored the solar insolation and subsequent temperature and precipitation patterns during HTM, indicating the importance of climate controls on C dynamics. Our simulated regional estimate of CH4 emission rates from Alaska during the HTM ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 Tg CH4 yr(-1) and highest annual NPP of 470 Tg C yr-1, significantly higher than previously reported modern estimates. Our results show that the differences in static vegetation distribution maps used in simulations of different time slices have greater influence on modeled C dynamics than climatic fields within each time slice, highlighting the importance of incorporating vegetation community dynamics and their responses to climatic conditions in long-term biogeochemical modeling. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Yujie; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jones, Miriam C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bochicchio, Christopher; Felzer, Benjamin S.; Mason, Erik; Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP He, YJ (reprint author), 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM he72@purdue.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Yu, Zicheng/D-4108-2012; He, Yujie/E-2514-2017; OI He, Yujie/0000-0001-8261-5399; Jones, Miriam/0000-0002-6650-7619 FU CDI-Type II project [IIS-1028291]; National Science Foundation; NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program [NASA-NNX09AI26G]; Department of Energy projects [DE-FG02-08ER64599, DE-SC0007007]; [DEB-0919331]; [EAR-0630319]; [DEB-0919385]; [ARC-0909362] FX We would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Harden, Dr. David McGuire and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that significantly improved the manuscript. This study is supported through a project (DEB-0919331), a project (EAR-0630319), a CDI-Type II project (IIS-1028291), a project (DEB-0919385) and a project (ARC-0909362) funded by National Science Foundation as well as NASA Land Use and Land Cover Change program with a project (NASA-NNX09AI26G) and Department of Energy projects (DE-FG02-08ER64599 and DE-SC0007007). NR 106 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 86 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.019 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AB7SN UT WOS:000331991100006 ER PT J AU Bachand, PAM Bachand, SM Fleck, JA Alpers, CN Stephenson, M Windham-Myers, L AF Bachand, P. A. M. Bachand, S. M. Fleck, J. A. Alpers, C. N. Stephenson, M. Windham-Myers, L. TI Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: The need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mass balance; Load; Mercury; Transpiration; Rice; Tracers ID MERCURY METHYLATION; SULFATE STIMULATION; SALT MARSHES; MASS BUDGET; WATER; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; ACCUMULATION; EVERGLADES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Concentration and mass balance analyses were used to quantify methylmercury (MeHg) loads from conventional (white) rice, wild rice, and fallowed fields in northern California's Yolo Bypass. These analyses were standardized against chloride to distinguish transport pathways and net ecosystem production (NEP). During summer, chloride loads were both exported with surface water and moved into the root zone at a 2:1 ratio. MeHg and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) behaved similarly with surface water and root zone exports at similar to 3:1 ratio. These trends reversed in winter with DOC, MeHg, and chloride moving from the root zone to surface waters at rates opposite and exceeding summertime root zone fluxes. These trends suggest that summer transpiration advectively moves constituents from surface water into the root zone, and winter diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, subsequently releases those constituents into surface waters. The results challenge a number of paradigms regarding MeHg. Specifically, biogeochemical conditions favoring microbial MeHg production do not necessarily translate to synchronous surface water exports; MeHg may be preserved in the soils allowing for release at a later time; and plants play a role in both biogeochemistry and transport. Our calculations show that NEP of MeHg occurred during both summer irrigation and winter flooding. Wild rice wet harvesting and winter flooding of white rice fields were specific practices that increased MeHg export, both presumably related to increased labile organic carbon and disturbance. Outflow management during these times could reduce MeHg exports. Standardizing MeHg outflow:inflow concentration ratios against natural tracers (e.g. chloride, EC) provides a simple tool to identify NEP periods. Summer MeHg exports averaged 0.2 to 1 mu g m(-2) for the different agricultural wetland fields, depending upon flood duration. Average winter MeHg exports were estimated at 0.3 mu g m(-2). These exports are within the range reported for other shallow aquatic systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bachand, P. A. M.; Bachand, S. M.] Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Fleck, J. A.; Alpers, C. N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stephenson, M.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Windham-Myers, L.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Bur Reg Res, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bachand, PAM (reprint author), Bachand & Associates, Davis, CA 95618 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 FU California State Water Resources Control Board FX Comments from three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor Dr. Mae Gustin greatly improved this manuscript. The authors wish to thank colleagues on the project, including Stephanie Fong and Janice Cooke of the Regional Water Quality Control Board and Chris Thompson of San Jose State University Foundation for contract management, David Feliz, Chris Rocco, and Levi Souza of the California Dept. of Fish and Game for logistical support and assistance with sampling, and Jack DeWitt of DeWitt Farms for cooperation during sampling. This work was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board under the Proposition 40/50 Agriculture Water Quality Grant Program. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 472 BP 957 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6RB UT WOS:000331916100105 PM 24345859 ER PT J AU Sabino, R Rodrigues, R Costa, I Carneiro, C Cunha, M Duarte, A Faria, N Ferreira, FC Gargate, MJ Julio, C Martins, ML Nevers, MB Oleastro, M Solo-Gabriele, H Verissimo, C Viegas, C Whitman, RL Brandao, J AF Sabino, R. Rodrigues, R. Costa, I. Carneiro, C. Cunha, M. Duarte, A. Faria, N. Ferreira, F. C. Gargate, M. J. Julio, C. Martins, M. L. Nevers, M. B. Oleastro, M. Solo-Gabriele, H. Verissimo, C. Viegas, C. Whitman, R. L. Brandao, J. TI Routine screening of harmful microorganisms in beach sands: Implications to public health SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beach sand; Public health; Microorganisms ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RECREATIONAL MARINE WATERS; SAO-PAULO STATE; REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; SOURCE TRACKING AB Beaches worldwide provide recreational opportunities to hundreds of millions of people and serve as important components of coastal economies. Beach water is often monitored for microbiological quality to detect the presence of indicators of human sewage contamination so as to prevent public health outbreaks associated with water contact. However, growing evidence suggests that beach sand can harbor microbes harmful to human health, often in concentrations greater than the beach water. Currently, there are no standards for monitoring, sampling, analyzing, or managing beach sand quality. In addition to indicator microbes, growing evidence has identified pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi in a variety of beach sands worldwide. The public health threat associated with these populations through direct and indirect contact is unknown because so little research has been conducted relating to health outcomes associated with sand quality. In this manuscript, we present the consensus findings of a workshop of experts convened in Lisbon, Portugal to discuss the current state of knowledge on beach sand microbiological quality and to develop suggestions for standardizing the evaluation of sand at coastal beaches. The expert group at the "Microareias 2012" workshop recommends that 1) beach sand should be screened for a variety of pathogens harmful to human health, and sand monitoring should then be initiated alongside regular water monitoring; 2) sampling and analysis protocols should be standardized to allow proper comparisons among beach locations; and 3) further studies are needed to estimate human health risk with exposure to contaminated beach sand. Much of the manuscript is focused on research specific to Portugal, but similar results have been found elsewhere, and the findings have worldwide implications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sabino, R.; Gargate, M. J.; Verissimo, C.; Brandao, J.] Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Infect Dis, Reference Unit Syst Infect & Zoonosis, Coimbra, Portugal. [Rodrigues, R.; Faria, N.; Ferreira, F. C.] Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Environm Hlth, Microbiol Lab, Coimbra, Portugal. [Costa, I.; Oleastro, M.] Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Infect Dis, Mol Biol Lab, P-1649016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Julio, C.] Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Infect Dis, Reference Unit Gastrointestinal Infect, Coimbra, Portugal. [Carneiro, C.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE Ctr Quim Fina & Biotecnol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. [Cunha, M.] Portuguese Environm Agcy, Environm Reference Lab, Amadora, Portugal. [Duarte, A.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, iMed UL Res Inst Med & Pharmaceut Sci, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Martins, M. L.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Ctr Recursos Microbiol CREM, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Unit Med Microbiol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. [Nevers, M. B.; Whitman, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN USA. [Solo-Gabriele, H.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Viegas, C.] Polytech Inst Lisboa, Lisbon Sch Hlth Technol, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Brandao, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth Dr Ricardo Jorge, Dept Infect Dis, Reference Unit Syst Infect & Zoonosis, Coimbra, Portugal. EM joao.brandao@insa.min-saude.pt RI Brandao, Joao/H-8795-2016; iMed.ULisboa, M2B /B-5277-2014; OI Viegas, Carla/0000-0002-1545-6479; Brandao, Joao/0000-0001-7553-227X; Oleastro, Monica/0000-0001-6360-2576; Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Verissimo, Cristina/0000-0002-1169-252X; Sabino, Raquel Filipa Pinheiro/0000-0001-6585-7775 NR 123 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 472 BP 1062 EP 1069 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.091 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6RB UT WOS:000331916100115 PM 24355396 ER PT J AU Preston, TM Chesley-Preston, TL Thamke, JN AF Preston, Todd M. Chesley-Preston, Tara L. Thamke, Joanna N. TI A GIS-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources from oil and gas development in eastern Sheridan County, Montana SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Williston Basin; Prairie Pothole Region; Energy development; Vulnerability assessment; Water quality; Saline contamination ID USA AB Water (brine) co-produced with oil in the Williston Basin is some of the most saline in the nation. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), characterized by glacial sediments and numerous wetlands, covers the northern and eastern portion of the Williston Basin. Sheridan County, Montana, lies within the PPR and has a documented history of brine contamination. Surface water and shallow groundwater in the PPR are saline and sulfate dominated while the deeper brines are much more saline and chloride dominated. A Contamination Index (Cl), defined as the ratio of chloride concentration to specific conductance in a water sample, was developed by the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology to delineate the magnitude of brine contamination in Sheridan County. Values >0.035 indicate contamination. Recently, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a county level geographic information system (GIS)-based vulnerability assessment of brine contamination to aquatic resources in the PPR of the Williston Basin based on the age and density of oil wells, number of wetlands, and stream length per county. To validate and better define this assessment, a similar approach was applied in eastern Sheridan County at a greater level of detail (the 2.59 km(2) Public Land Survey System section grid) and included surficial geology. Vulnerability assessment scores were calculated for the 780 modeled sections and these scores were divided into ten equal interval bins representing similar probabilities of contamination. Two surface water and two groundwater samples were collected from the section with the greatest acreage of Federal land in each bin. Nineteen of the forty water samples, and at least one water sample from seven of the ten selected sections, had CI values indicating contamination. Additionally, CI values generally increased with increasing vulnerability assessment score, with a stronger correlation for groundwater samples (R-2 = 0.78) than surface water samples (R-2 = 0.53). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Preston, Todd M.] Parallel Inc, USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Chesley-Preston, Tara L.] USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Thamke, Joanna N.] USGS Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Preston, TM (reprint author), Parallel Inc, USGS Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way Ste 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM tmpreston@usgs.gov; tchesleypreston@usgs.gov; jothamke@usgs.gov OI Preston, Todd/0000-0002-8812-9233 FU U.S. Geological Survey State Partnership Program; Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology FX Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey State Partnership Program with in-kind funds provided by Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. The surficial geology map used in this analysis was prepared by Jon Reiten (Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology), who also provided technical assistance in developing the vulnerability assessment protocol. The authors also wish to thank Fred Bailey (USGS) for collection of surface water and groundwater samples, Zell Peterman and Thomas Oliver (USGS) for water quality analyses, and Jane Holzer, Scott Brown, and Tera Ryan (Montana Salinity Control) for installation of the groundwater monitoring wells. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 472 BP 1152 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.027 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB6RB UT WOS:000331916100125 PM 24364993 ER PT J AU Hayes, GP Furlong, KP Benz, HM Herman, MW AF Hayes, Gavin P. Furlong, Kevin P. Benz, Harley M. Herman, Matthew W. TI Triggered aseismic slip adjacent to the 6 February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands megathrust earthquake SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seismicity; subduction zones; aseismic slip; source modeling; Coulomb stress ID TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; FOCAL MECHANISMS; PACIFIC COAST; SUBDUCTION AB Aseismic or slow slip events have been observed in many subduction zones, but whether they affect the occurrence of earthquakes or result from stress changes caused by nearby events is unclear. In an area lacking direct geodetic observations, inferences can be made from seismological studies of co-seismic slip, associated stress changes and the spatiotemporal nature of aftershocks. These observations indicate that the February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands earthquake may have triggered slow or aseismic slip on an adjacent section of the subduction thrust over the following hours to days. This aseismic event was equivalent to Mw 7.6, significantly larger than any earthquakes in the aftershock sequence. The aseismic slip was situated within the seismogenic portion of the subduction interface, and must have occurred to the south of the main seismic slip and most aftershocks in order to promote right-lateral faulting in the upper plate, the dominant deformation style of the aftershock sequence. This plate boundary segment can support either stable sliding (aseismic) or stick-slip (seismic) deformation in response to different driving conditions. The complete lack of aftershocks on the thrust interface implies this pair of megathrust slip episodes (seismic and aseismic) released a substantial portion of the stored strain on the northernmost section of the Vanuatu subduction zone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Benz, Harley M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Furlong, Kevin P.; Herman, Matthew W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ghayes@usgs.gov OI Herman, Matthew/0000-0003-4684-9459 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 388 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.010 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB0SO UT WOS:000331502600026 ER PT J AU Blevins, DW Wilkison, DH Niesen, SL AF Blevins, Dale W. Wilkison, Donald H. Niesen, Shelley L. TI Pre- and post-impoundment nitrogen in the lower Missouri River SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Missouri River; nitrogen; nitrate; organic nitrogen; trends; impoundment ID BASIN AB Large water-sample sets collected from 1899 through 1902, 1907, and in the early 1950s allow comparisons of pre-impoundment and post-impoundment (1969 through 2008) nitrogen concentrations in the lower Missouri River. Although urban wastes were not large enough to detectably increase annual loads of total nitrogen at the beginning of the 20(th) century, carcass waste, stock-yard manure, and untreated human wastes measurably increased ammonia and organic-nitrogen concentrations during low flows. Average total-nitrogen concentrations in both periods were about 2.5 mg/l, but much of the particulate-organic nitrogen, which was the dominant form of nitrogen around 1900, has been replaced by nitrate. This change in speciation was caused by the nearly 80% decrease in suspended-sediment concentrations that occurred after impoundment, modern agriculture, drainage of riparian wetlands, and sewage treatment. Nevertheless, bioavailable nitrogen has not been low enough to limit primary production in the Missouri River since the beginning of the 20(th) century. Nitrate concentrations have increased more rapidly from 2000 through 2008 (5 to 12% per year), thus increasing bioavailable nitrogen delivered to the Mississippi River and affecting Gulf Coast hypoxia. The increase in nitrate concentrations with distance downstream is much greater during the post-impoundment period. If strategies to decrease total-nitrogen loads focus on particulate N, substantial decreases will be difficult because particulate nitrogen is now only 23% of total nitrogen in the Missouri River. A strategy aimed at decreasing particulates also could further exacerbate land loss along the Gulf of Mexico, which has been sediment starved since Missouri River impoundment. In contrast, strategies or benchmarks aimed at decreasing nitrate loads could substantially decrease nitrogen loadings because nitrates now constitute over half of the Missouri's nitrogen input to the Mississippi. Ongoing restoration and creation of wetlands along the Missouri River could be part of such a nitrate-reduction strategy. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Blevins, Dale W.; Wilkison, Donald H.; Niesen, Shelley L.] US Geol Survey, Lees Summit, MO 64086 USA. RP Blevins, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM dblevins@usgs.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Program* for support of this work. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 2535 EP 2549 DI 10.1002/hyp.9797 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 304JN UT WOS:000330743000079 ER PT J AU Hayward, RK Fenton, LK Titus, TN AF Hayward, R. K. Fenton, L. K. Titus, T. N. TI Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD(3)): Global dune distribution and wind pattern observations SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Planetary Dunes Workshop CY JUN 12-15, 2012 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ DE Mars; Mars, Surface; Mars, Climate ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH POLAR-REGION; AEOLIAN PROCESSES; MARTIAN SURFACE; SAND TRANSPORT; STRATIGRAPHY; ALIGNMENT; SURVEYOR; FIELDS AB The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD(3)) is complete and now extends from 90 degrees N to 90 degrees S latitude. The recently released south pole (SP) portion (MC-30) of MGD(3) adds similar to 60,000 km(2) of medium to large-size dark dune fields and similar to 15,000 km(2) of sand deposits and smaller dune fields to the previously released equatorial (EQ similar to 70,000 km(2)), and north pole (NP, similar to 845,000 km(2)) portions of the database, bringing the global total to similar to 975,000 km(2). Nearly all NP dunes are part of large sand seas, while the majority of EQ and SP dune fields are individual dune fields located in craters. Despite the differences between Mars and Earth, their dune and dune field morphologies are strikingly similar. Bullseye dune fields, named for their concentric ring pattern, are the exception, possibly owing their distinctive appearance to winds that are unique to the crater environment. Ground-based wind directions are derived from slipface (SF) orientation and dune centroid azimuth (DCA), a measure of the relative location of a dune field inside a crater. SF and DCA often preserve evidence of different wind directions, suggesting the importance of local, topographically influenced winds. In general however, ground-based wind directions are broadly consistent with expected global patterns, such as polar easterlies. Intriguingly, between 40 S and 80 S latitude both SF and DCA preserve their strongest, though different, dominant wind direction, with transport toward the west and east for SF-derived winds and toward the north and west for DCA-derived winds. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hayward, R. K.; Titus, T. N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fenton, L. K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Carl Sagan Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hayward, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rhayward@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 230 SI SI BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 298OF UT WOS:000330333100005 ER PT J AU Putzig, NE Mellon, MT Herkenhoff, KE Phillips, RJ Davis, BJ Ewer, KJ Bowers, LM AF Putzig, Nathaniel E. Mellon, Michael T. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Phillips, Roger J. Davis, Brian J. Ewer, Kenneth J. Bowers, Lauren M. TI Thermal behavior and ice-table depth within the north polar erg of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Planetary Dunes Workshop CY JUN 12-15, 2012 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ DE Mars; Mars, surface; Mars, polar geology; Infrared observations; Ices ID SUBSURFACE WATER-ICE; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; LAYERED DEPOSITS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; AEOLIAN DUNES; SAND DUNES; MGS-TES; INERTIA; EARTH AB We fully resolve a long-standing thermal discrepancy concerning the north polar erg of Mars. Several recent studies have shown that the erg's thermal properties are consistent with normal basaltic sand overlying shallow ground ice or ice-cemented sand. Our findings bolster that conclusion by thoroughly characterizing the thermal behavior of the erg, demonstrating that other likely forms of physical heterogeneity play only a minor role, and obviating the need to invoke exotic materials. Thermal inertia as calculated from orbital temperature observations of the dunes has previously been found to be more consistent with dust-sized materials than with sand. Since theory and laboratory data show that dunes will only form out of sand-sized particles, exotic sand-sized agglomerations of dust have been invoked to explain the low values of thermal inertia. However, the polar dunes exhibit the same darker appearance and color as that of dunes found elsewhere on the planet that have thermal inertia consistent with normal sand-sized basaltic grains, whereas Martian dust deposits are generally lighter and redder. The alternative explanation for the discrepancy as a thermal effect of a shallow ice table is supported by our analysis of observations from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer and the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System and by forward modeling of physical heterogeneity. In addition, our results exclude a uniform composition of dark dust-sized materials, and they show that the thermal effects of the dune slopes and bright interdune materials evident in high-resolution images cannot account for the erg's thermal behavior. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Mellon, Michael T.; Phillips, Roger J.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Davis, Brian J.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Ewer, Kenneth J.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Bowers, Lauren M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Putzig, NE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM nathaniel@putzig.com RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 230 SI SI BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.010 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 298OF UT WOS:000330333100007 ER PT J AU Le Gall, A Janssen, MA Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD AF Le Gall, A. Janssen, M. A. Kirk, R. L. Lorenz, R. D. TI Modeling microwave backscatter and thermal emission from linear dune fields: Application to Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Planetary Dunes Workshop CY JUN 12-15, 2012 CL Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ HO Lowell Observ DE Radar observations; Radio observations; Satellites, Surfaces; Titan ID CASSINI RADAR; SAND DUNES; SAHARA DESERT; ERG SURFACES; IMAGES; SCATTEROMETRY; MORPHOMETRY; WAVELENGTH; SPACEBORNE; SAR AB We present an electromagnetic model that relates the microwave backscatter and thermal emission from linear dune fields to their compositional, physical (roughness, subsurface porosity/heterogeneity) and geometrical (slope, orientation) properties. This model shows the value of exploring these highly directional and geometrical features in light of both their backscattering cross-section and emissivity. Compared to Cassini concurrent radar and radiometry data acquired from October 2004 to June 2011 over Titan's dune fields, it provides clues to understand variations among dune regions on the largest Saturn's moon. In particular, it brings a formal support to the idea first advanced in Le Gall et al. (Le Gall, A., Janssen, M.A., Wye, LC., Hayes, A.G., Radebaugh, J., Savage, C., Zebker, H., Lorenz, R.D., Lunine, J.I., Kirk, R.L., Lopes, R.M.C., Wall, S., Callahan, P., Stofan, E.R., Farr, T. and the Cassini Radar Team [2011]. Icarus 213, 608-624) that the size of the interdune valleys (relative to that of the dunes) varies across Titan as well as the diffuse scattering properties of these interdune areas due to different thickness of sand cover (i.e. bedrock contribution) or degree of compaction/heterogeneity of the sand cover. The Fensal and Belet dune fields, in particular, are quite different in terms of these properties. The comparison between the model and Cassini data also reveals the potential presence of structures, possibly small-superposed dunes, oriented perpendicular to the dune crests in the Aztlan region. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Gall, A.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Atmospheres Lab, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Janssen, M. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, R. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Le Gall, A (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Atmospheres Lab, 11 Bd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM Alice.Legall@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 230 SI SI BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.009 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 298OF UT WOS:000330333100017 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Woodruff, LG Bradley, PM Cannon, WF AF Burns, Douglas A. Woodruff, Laurel G. Bradley, Paul M. Cannon, William F. TI Mercury in the Soil of Two Contrasting Watersheds in the Eastern United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FOREST SOILS; NEW-YORK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; METHYL MERCURY; UPLAND FOREST; BULK-DENSITY; PATTERNS; USA; METHYLMERCURY AB Soil represents the largest store of mercury (Hg) in terrestrial ecosystems, and further study of the factors associated with soil Hg storage is needed to address concerns about the magnitude and persistence of global environmental Hg bioaccumulation. To address this need, we compared total Hg and methyl Hg concentrations and stores in the soil of different landscapes in two watersheds in different geographic settings with similar and relatively high methyl Hg concentrations in surface waters and biota, Fishing Brook, Adirondack Mountains, New York, and McTier Creek, Coastal Plain, South Carolina. Median total Hg concentrations and stores in organic and mineral soil samples were three-fold greater at Fishing Brook than at McTier Creek. Similarly, median methyl Hg concentrations were about two-fold greater in Fishing Brook soil than in McTier Creek soil, but this difference was significant only for mineral soil samples, and methyl Hg stores were not significantly different among these watersheds. In contrast, the methyl Hg/total Hg ratio was significantly greater at McTier Creek suggesting greater climate-driven methylation efficiency in the Coastal Plain soil than that of the Adirondack Mountains. The Adirondack soil had eight-fold greater soil organic matter than that of the Coastal Plain, consistent with greater total Hg stores in the northern soil, but soil organic matter - total Hg relations differed among the sites. A strong linear relation was evident at McTier Creek (r(2) = 0.68; p<0.001), but a linear relation at Fishing Brook was weak (r(2) = 0.13; p<0.001) and highly variable across the soil organic matter content range, suggesting excess Hg binding capacity in the Adirondack soil. These results suggest greater total Hg turnover time in Adirondack soil than that of the Coastal Plain, and that future declines in stream water Hg concentrations driven by declines in atmospheric Hg deposition will be more gradual and prolonged in the Adirondacks. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, Mountain View, CA USA. [Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; National Water Quality Assessment Program of the United States Geological Survey FX Funding for this work was provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the National Water Quality Assessment Program of the United States Geological Survey. The funders has no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 42 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e86855 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0086855 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA7IR UT WOS:000331271500010 PM 24551042 ER PT J AU Page, MT Hough, SE AF Page, Morgan T. Hough, Susan E. TI The New Madrid Seismic Zone: Not Dead Yet SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; AFTERSHOCKS; DEFORMATION; MAGNITUDES; CHARLESTON; HAZARD; MODELS AB The extent to which ongoing seismicity in intraplate regions represents long-lived aftershock activity is unclear. We examined historical and instrumental seismicity in the New Madrid central U. S. region to determine whether present-day seismicity is composed predominantly of aftershocks of the 1811-1812 earthquake sequence. High aftershock productivity is required both to match the observation of multiple mainshocks and to explain the modern level of activity as aftershocks; synthetic sequences consistent with these observations substantially overpredict the number of events of magnitude >= 6 that were observed in the past 200 years. Our results imply that ongoing background seismicity in the New Madrid region is driven by ongoing strain accrual processes and that, despite low deformation rates, seismic activity in the zone is not decaying with time. C1 [Page, Morgan T.; Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Page, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM pagem@caltech.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6172 BP 762 EP 764 DI 10.1126/science.1248215 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB1NB UT WOS:000331557800037 PM 24457216 ER PT J AU Hinkle, SR Tesoriero, AJ AF Hinkle, Stephen R. Tesoriero, Anthony J. TI Nitrogen speciation and trends, and prediction of denitrification extent, in shallow US groundwater SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Denitrification; N-2; Ammonium; Groundwater age; Classification tree ID UNITED-STATES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; MONITORING NETWORK; AMMONIUM; WATER; AQUIFER; VULNERABILITY; BACTERIA; QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB Uncertainties surrounding nitrogen cycling complicate assessments of the environmental effects of nitrogen use and our understanding of the global carbon-nitrogen cycle. In this paper, we synthesize data from 877 ambient-monitoring wells across the US to frame broad patterns of nitrogen speciation and trends. At these sites, groundwater frequently contains substantial co-occurring NO3- and XSN2 (N-2 from denitrification), reflecting active/ongoing denitrification and/or a mixture of undenitrified and denitrified groundwater. NO3- and NH4+, essentially do not co-occur, indicating that the dominant source of NH4+ at these sites likely is not dissimilatory reduction of NO3- to NH4+. Positive correlations of NH4+ with apparent age, CH4, dissolved organic carbon, and indicators of reduced conditions are consistent with NH4+ mobilization from degradation of aquifer organic matter and contraindicate an anthropogenic source of NH4+ for most sites. Glacial aquifers and eastern sand and gravel aquifers generally have lower proportions of NO and greater proportions of XSN2 than do fractured rock and karst aquifers and western sand and gravel aquifers. NO3- dominates in the youngest groundwater, but XSN2 increases as residence time increases. Temporal patterns of nitrogen speciation and concentration reflect (1) changing NO3- loads over time, (2) groundwater residence-time controls on NH4+- mobilization from solid phases, and (3) groundwater residence-time controls on denitrification. A simple classification tree using readily available variables (a national coverage of soil water depth, generalized geology) or variables reasonably estimated in many aquifers (residence time) identifies categorical denitrification extent (<10%, 10-50%, and >50%) with 79% accuracy in an independent testing set, demonstrating a predictive application based on the interconnected effects of redox, geology, and residence time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hinkle, Stephen R.; Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM srhinkle@usgs.gov; tesorier@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 13 PY 2014 VL 509 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.048 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AB3AD UT WOS:000331662800028 ER PT J AU Bartsch, S Frei, S Ruidisch, M Shope, CL Peiffer, S Kim, B Fleckenstein, JH AF Bartsch, Svenja Frei, Sven Ruidisch, Marianne Shope, Christopher L. Peiffer, Stefan Kim, Bomchul Fleckenstein, Jan H. TI River-aquifer exchange fluxes under monsoonal climate conditions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE River-aquifer exchange fluxes; Heat as a natural tracer; Monsoonal-type climate; Hydraulic gradient reversals; HydroGeoSphere; Natural attenuation of nitrate ID SURFACE-WATER INTERACTIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; STREAMBED TEMPERATURES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER; NITRATE; EVENTS; TRANSIENT; HETEROGENEITY; VARIABILITY AB An important prerequisite to better understand the transport of nutrients and contaminants across the river-aquifer interface and possible implications for biogeochemical transformations is to accurately characterize and asses the exchange fluxes. In this study we investigate how monsoonal precipitation events and the resulting variability in river discharge affect the dynamics of river-aquifer exchange and the corresponding flux rates. We evaluate potential impacts of the investigated exchange fluxes on local water quality. Hydraulic gradients along a piezometer transect were monitored at a river reach in a small catchment in South Korea, where the hydrologic dynamics are driven by the East-Asian Monsoon. We used heat as a tracer to constrain river-aquifer exchange fluxes in a two-dimensional flow and heat transport model implemented in the numerical code HydroGeoSphere, which was calibrated to the measured temperature and total head data. To elucidate potential effects of river-aquifer exchange dynamics on biogeochemical transformations at the river-aquifer interface, river water and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate (NO3) and dissolved oxygen saturation (DOsat). Our results illustrate highly variable hydrologic conditions during the monsoon season characterized by temporal and spatial variability in river-aquifer exchange fluxes with frequent flow reversals (changes between gaining and losing conditions). Intense monsoonal precipitation events and the associated rapid changes in river stage are the dominant driver for the observed riverbed flow reversals. The chemical data suggest that the flow reversals, when river water high in DOC is pushed into the nitrate-rich groundwater below the stream and subsequently returns to the stream may facilitate and enhance the natural attenuation of nitrate in the shallow groundwater. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bartsch, Svenja; Frei, Sven; Shope, Christopher L.; Peiffer, Stefan; Fleckenstein, Jan H.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci BayCEER, Dept Hydrol, Bayreuth, Germany. [Ruidisch, Marianne] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Sci BayCEER, Dept Soil Phys, Bayreuth, Germany. [Shope, Christopher L.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Kim, Bomchul] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Chunchon, South Korea. [Fleckenstein, Jan H.] UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. RP Fleckenstein, JH (reprint author), UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Hydrogeol, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM jan.fleckenstein@ufz.de RI peiffer, stefan/C-3759-2012; Fleckenstein, Jan/B-1382-2014 OI peiffer, stefan/0000-0002-8326-0240; Fleckenstein, Jan/0000-0001-7213-9448 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth (Germany) [GRK 1565/1]; Korean Research Foundation (KRF) at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon (South Korea) [GRK 1565/1] FX This study was carried out within the framework of the International Research Training Group TERRECO (GRK 1565/1), funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Bayreuth (Germany) and the Korean Research Foundation (KRF) at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon (South Korea). The authors want to thank Sebastian Arnhold, Axel Muller, Bumsuk Seo, Eunyoung Jung, Bora Lee and Heera Lee for their support and translations during field campaigns. We are also grateful to Jaesung Eum and Kiyong Kim for organizing and completing the chemical analyzes of the water samples. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 13 PY 2014 VL 509 BP 601 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AB3AD UT WOS:000331662800046 ER PT J AU Rivers, JW Johnson, JM Haig, SM Schwarz, CJ Glendening, JW Burnett, LJ George, D Grantham, J AF Rivers, James W. Johnson, J. Matthew Haig, Susan M. Schwarz, Carl J. Glendening, John W. Burnett, L. Joseph George, Daniel Grantham, Jesse TI Resource Selection by the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) Relative to Terrestrial-Based Habitats and Meteorological Conditions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WIND ENERGY; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; TURKEY VULTURES; HOME-RANGE; MIGRATION; BIRDS; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; CONVECTION; MORTALITY AB Condors and vultures are distinct from most other terrestrial birds because they use extensive soaring flight for their daily movements. Therefore, assessing resource selection by these avian scavengers requires quantifying the availability of terrestrial-based habitats, as well as meteorological variables that influence atmospheric conditions necessary for soaring. In this study, we undertook the first quantitative assessment of habitat-and meteorological-based resource selection in the endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) within its California range and across the annual cycle. We found that condor use of terrestrial areas did not change markedly within the annual cycle, and that condor use was greatest for habitats where food resources and potential predators could be detected and where terrain was amenable for taking off from the ground in flight (e.g., sparse habitats, coastal areas). Condors originating from different release sites differed in their use of habitat, but this was likely due in part to variation in habitats surrounding release sites. Meteorological conditions were linked to condor use of ecological subregions, with thermal height, thermal velocity, and wind speed having both positive (selection) and negative (avoidance) effects on condor use in different areas. We found little evidence of systematic effects between individual characteristics (i.e., sex, age, breeding status) or components of the species management program (i.e., release site, rearing method) relative to meteorological conditions. Our findings indicate that habitat type and meteorological conditions can interact in complex ways to influence condor resource selection across landscapes, which is noteworthy given the extent of anthropogenic stressors that may impact condor populations (e.g., lead poisoning, wind energy development). Additional studies will be valuable to assess small-scale condor movements in light of these stressors to help minimize their risk to this critically endangered species. C1 [Rivers, James W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, J. Matthew; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Schwarz, Carl J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Burnett, L. Joseph] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA USA. [George, Daniel] Pinnacles Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Paicines, CA USA. [Grantham, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Condor Recovery Program, Ventura, CA USA. RP Rivers, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jim.rivers@oregonstate.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Encounters, Inc., William R. Hearst III, The Oregon Zoo Foundation, Pacific Gas and Electric, and J. Glendening FX Funding came from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Encounters, Inc., William R. Hearst III, The Oregon Zoo Foundation, Pacific Gas and Electric, and J. Glendening. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 65 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88430 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088430 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA7DT UT WOS:000331258100042 PM 24523893 ER PT J AU Langseth, BJ Jones, ML Riley, SC AF Langseth, Brian J. Jones, Michael L. Riley, Stephen C. TI The effect of adjusting model inputs to achieve mass balance on time-dynamic simulations in a food-web model of Lake Huron SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecopath; Ecosim; Mass balance; Vulnerabilities; Great Lakes ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FISH COMMUNITY; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY; EXPLORATION; STRATEGIES AB Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a widely used modeling tool in fishery research and management. Ecopath requires a mass-balanced snapshot of a food web at a particular point in time, which Ecosim then uses to simulate changes in biomass over time. Initial inputs to Ecopath, including estimates for biomasses, production to biomass ratios, consumption to biomass ratios, and diets, rarely produce mass balance, and thus ad hoc changes to inputs are required to balance the model. There has been little previous research of whether ad hoc changes to achieve mass balance affect Ecosim simulations. We constructed an EwE model for the offshore community of Lake Huron, and balanced the model using four contrasting but realistic methods. The four balancing methods were based on two contrasting approaches; in the first approach, production of unbalanced groups was increased by increasing either biomass or the production to biomass ratio, while in the second approach, consumption of predators on unbalanced groups was decreased by decreasing either biomass or the consumption to biomass ratio. We compared six simulation scenarios based on three alternative assumptions about the extent to which mortality rates of prey can change in response to changes in predator biomass (i.e., vulnerabilities) under perturbations to either fishing mortality or environmental production. Changes in simulated biomass values over time were used in a principal components analysis to assess the comparative effect of balancing method, vulnerabilities, and perturbation types. Vulnerabilities explained the most variation in biomass, followed by the type of perturbation. Choice of balancing method explained little of the overall variation in biomass. Under scenarios where changes in predator biomass caused large changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., high vulnerabilities), variation in biomass was greater than when changes in predator biomass caused only small changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., low vulnerabilities), and was amplified when environmental production was increased. When standardized to mean changes in biomass within each scenario, scenarios when vulnerabilities were low and when fishing mortality was increased explained the most variation in biomass. Our findings suggested that approaches to balancing Ecopath models have relatively little effect on changes in biomass over time, especially when compared to assumptions about how mortality rates of prey change in response to changes in predator biomass. We concluded that when constructing food-web models using EwE, determining the effect of changes in predator biomass on mortality rates of prey should be prioritized over determining the best way to balance the model. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Langseth, Brian J.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM brian.langseth@noaa.gov; jonesm30@anr.msu.edu; sriley@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was made possible by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to MLJ, and with the assistance of the Government of Canada for BJL, to travel to the University of British Columbia (UBC). We would also like to thank members of the Fisheries Centre at UBC for help in understanding the modeling software, members of the Lake Huron Technical Committee for providing data and assistance during model construction, and participants at stakeholder meetings and members of the Quantitative Fisheries Center (QFC) at Michigan State University for assistance in model construction. We also wish to thank Iyob Tsehaye, David Bunnell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscripts. This is QFC publication number 2013-13 and contribution number 1804 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 273 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.027 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3EJ UT WOS:000331673800005 ER PT J AU Johnson, FA Jensen, GH Madsen, J Williams, BK AF Johnson, Fred A. Jensen, Gitte H. Madsen, Jesper Williams, Byron K. TI Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive management; Value of information; Optimization; Pink-footed goose; Robustness; Uncertainty ID GEESE ANSER-BRACHYRHYNCHUS; GREATER SNOW GEESE; ADAPTIVE-MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL RATES; OPTIMIZATION; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; HARVESTS; WILDLIFE AB We explored the application of dynamic-optimization methods to the problem of pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) management in western Europe. We were especially concerned with the extent to which uncertainty in population dynamics influenced an optimal management strategy, the gain in management performance that could be expected if uncertainty could be eliminated or reduced, and whether an adaptive or robust management strategy might be most appropriate in the face of uncertainty. We combined three alternative survival models with three alternative reproductive models to form a set of nine annual-cycle models for pink-footed geese. These models represent a wide range of possibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or independent, and the extent to which they are influenced by spring temperatures. We calculated state-dependent harvest strategies for these models using stochastic dynamic programming and an objective function that maximized sustainable harvest, subject to a constraint on desired population size. As expected, attaining the largest mean objective value (i.e., the relative measure of management performance) depended on the ability to match a model-dependent optimal strategy with its generating model of population dynamics. The nine models suggested widely varying objective values regardless of the harvest strategy, with the density-independent models generally producing higher objective values than models with density-dependent survival. In the face of uncertainty as to which of the nine models is most appropriate, the optimal strategy assuming that both survival and reproduction were a function of goose abundance and spring temperatures maximized the expected minimum objective value (i.e., maxi-min). In contrast, the optimal strategy assuming equal model weights minimized the expected maximum loss in objective value. The expected value of eliminating model uncertainty was an increase in objective value of only 3.0%. This value represents the difference between the best that could be expected if the most appropriate model were known and the best that could be expected in the face of model uncertainty. The value of eliminating uncertainty about the survival process was substantially higher than that associated with the reproductive process, which is consistent with evidence that variation in survival is more important than variation in reproduction in relatively long-lived avian species. Comparing the expected objective value if the most appropriate model were known with that of the maxi-min robust strategy, we found the value of eliminating uncertainty to be an expected increase of 6.2% in objective value. This result underscores the conservatism of the maxi-min rule and suggests that risk-neutral managers would prefer the optimal strategy that maximizes expected value, which is also the strategy that is expected to minimize the maximum loss (i.e., a strategy based on equal model weights). The low value of information calculated for pink-footed geese suggests that a robust strategy (i.e., one in which no learning is anticipated) could be as nearly effective as an adaptive one (i.e., a strategy in which the relative credibility of models is assessed through time). Of course, an alternative explanation for the low value of information is that the set of population models we considered was too narrow to represent key uncertainties in population dynamics. Yet we know that questions about the presence of density dependence must be central to the development of a sustainable harvest strategy. And while there are potentially many environmental covariates that could help explain variation in survival or reproduction, our admission of models in which vital rates are drawn randomly from reasonable distributions represents a worst-case scenario for management. We suspect that much of the value of the various harvest strategies we calculated is derived from the fact that they are state dependent, such that appropriate harvest rates depend on population abundance and weather conditions, as well as our focus on an infinite time horizon for sustainability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Fred A.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Jensen, Gitte H.; Madsen, Jesper] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Williams, Byron K.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM fjohnson@usgs.gov FU Aarhus University; Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement for supporting efforts to promote international cooperation in the management of migratory waterbirds. We also thank the Svalbard Pink-Footed Goose International Working Group for providing direction and guidance in this research. Funding was provided by Aarhus University, the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 273 BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3EJ UT WOS:000331673800018 ER PT J AU Bjornlie, DD Van Manen, FT Ebinger, MR Haroldson, MA Thompson, DJ Costello, CM AF Bjornlie, Daniel D. Van Manen, Frank T. Ebinger, Michael R. Haroldson, Mark A. Thompson, Daniel J. Costello, Cecily M. TI Whitebark Pine, Population Density, and Home-Range Size of Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEER CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; FLORIDA BLACK BEARS; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; NATIONAL-PARK; BROWN BEARS; FOOD; ORGANIZATION; ECOLOGY; KERNEL AB Changes in life history traits of species can be an important indicator of potential factors influencing populations. For grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), recent decline of whitebark pine (WBP; Pinus albicaulis), an important fall food resource, has been paired with a slowing of population growth following two decades of robust population increase. These observations have raised questions whether resource decline or density-dependent processes may be associated with changes in population growth. Distinguishing these effects based on changes in demographic rates can be difficult. However, unlike the parallel demographic responses expected from both decreasing food availability and increasing population density, we hypothesized opposing behavioral responses of grizzly bears with regard to changes in home-range size. We used the dynamic changes in food resources and population density of grizzly bears as a natural experiment to examine hypotheses regarding these potentially competing influences on grizzly bear home-range size. We found that home-range size did not increase during the period of whitebark pine decline and was not related to proportion of whitebark pine in home ranges. However, female home-range size was negatively associated with an index of population density. Our data indicate that home-range size of grizzly bears in the GYE is not associated with availability of WBP, and, for female grizzly bears, increasing population density may constrain home-range size. C1 [Bjornlie, Daniel D.; Thompson, Daniel J.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Large Carnivore Sect, Lander, WY USA. [Van Manen, Frank T.; Haroldson, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT USA. [Ebinger, Michael R.; Costello, Cecily M.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Bjornlie, DD (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Large Carnivore Sect, Lander, WY USA. EM dan.bjornlie@wyo.gov FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service FX Data collection for this work is part of Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) routine monitoring of the Greater Yellowstone grizzly bear population. The authors are employed by IGBST member agencies. Funding for this work was also provided by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 77 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88160 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088160 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA7CL UT WOS:000331254600045 PM 24520354 ER PT J AU Sun, CC Fuller, AK Royle, JA AF Sun, Catherine C. Fuller, Angela K. Royle, J. Andrew TI Trap Configuration and Spacing Influences Parameter Estimates in Spatial Capture-Recapture Models SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; GRIZZLY BEARS; HAIR SNARES; BLACK BEARS; DESIGN; PROBABILITY; ROBUST; BIAS AB An increasing number of studies employ spatial capture-recapture models to estimate population size, but there has been limited research on how different spatial sampling designs and trap configurations influence parameter estimators. Spatial capture-recapture models provide an advantage over non-spatial models by explicitly accounting for heterogeneous detection probabilities among individuals that arise due to the spatial organization of individuals relative to sampling devices. We simulated black bear (Ursus americanus) populations and spatial capture-recapture data to evaluate the influence of trap configuration and trap spacing on estimates of population size and a spatial scale parameter, sigma, that relates to home range size. We varied detection probability and home range size, and considered three trap configurations common to large-mammal mark-recapture studies: regular spacing, clustered, and a temporal sequence of different cluster configurations (i.e., trap relocation). We explored trap spacing and number of traps per cluster by varying the number of traps. The clustered arrangement performed well when detection rates were low, and provides for easier field implementation than the sequential trap arrangement. However, performance differences between trap configurations diminished as home range size increased. Our simulations suggest it is important to consider trap spacing relative to home range sizes, with traps ideally spaced no more than twice the spatial scale parameter. While spatial capture-recapture models can accommodate different sampling designs and still estimate parameters with accuracy and precision, our simulations demonstrate that aspects of sampling design, namely trap configuration and spacing, must consider study area size, ranges of individual movement, and home range sizes in the study population. C1 [Sun, Catherine C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fuller, Angela K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Sun, CC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cs752@cornell.edu FU The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation FX The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation provided the funding that supported the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 53 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88025 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088025 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA1AT UT WOS:000330829200100 PM 24505361 ER PT J AU Zeng, YH Shen, ZK AF Zeng, Yuehua Shen, Zheng-Kang TI Fault network modeling of crustal deformation in California constrained using GPS and geologic observations SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Kinematic fault model; GPS observations; Crustal deformation; Fault slip rate ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BLOCK KINEMATICS; UNITED-STATES; SLIP-RATE; EARTHQUAKES; PACIFIC; RANGE; SPACE AB We have developed a kinematic fault network model of crustal deformation in an elastic half-space. Surface deformation is calculated using this model assuming each fault segment slipping beneath a locking depth. Each fault segment connects to its adjacent elements with slip vector continuity imposed at fault nodes or intersections; the degree of the constraints determines whether deformation is block-like or not. We apply this model to invert GPS observations for slip rates on major faults in California with geological rate constraints. Based on the F-test result, we find that lesser block-like models fit the data significantly better than the strictly block-like model. Our final inversion shows a slip rate varying from 20 to 23 mm/yr along the northern San Andreas from the Santa Cruz to the North Coast segment. Slip rates vary from 9 to 13 mm/yr along the Hayward to the Maacama fault segment, and from 15 to 3 mm/yr along the central Calaveras to the West Napa fault segment. For the central California Creeping Zone, the result suggests a depth dependent creep rate with an average of 22 mm/yr over the top 5 km and 32 mm/yr underneath. From the Mojave to San Bernardino Mountain segments, we also find a significant decrease in slip rate along the San Andreas in comparison with the geologic rates, in contrast to a significant increase in slip rate on faults along the eastern California shear zone. Along the southern San Andreas, slip rates vary from 21 to 25 mm/yr from the Coachella Valley to Imperial Valley segments. Slip rates range from 0 to 3 mm/yr across the western Transverse Ranges faults, which is consistent with the regional crustal thickening. Overall slip rates derived from geodetic observations correlate strongly with the geologic slip rates statistically, suggesting high compatibility between geodetic and geologic observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zeng, YH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 966, Golden, CO 80225 USA. FU Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) project through Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); USGS [G11AP20044] FX We thank Mark Petersen for his comprehensive review of this manuscript. We also thank anonymous reviewers and Editor Rob Grovers for their constructive comments of this manuscript. This research has been partly supported by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) project through Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and USGS grant G11AP20044. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 612 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.030 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA5RM UT WOS:000331157300001 ER PT J AU Idleman, L Cosca, MA Heizler, MT Thomson, SN Teyssier, C Whitney, DL AF Idleman, Lauren Cosca, Michael A. Heizler, Matthew T. Thomson, Stuart N. Teyssier, Christian Whitney, Donna L. TI Tectonic burial and exhumation cycles tracked by muscovite and K-feldspar Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronology in a strike-slip fault zone, central Turkey SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Argon thermochronology; Multi-diffusion domain modeling; Nigde massif; Strike-slip; Turkey; Yo-yo tectonics ID ANATOLIAN CRYSTALLINE COMPLEX; ARABIA-EURASIA COLLISION; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; TERTIARY ULUKISLA BASIN; YO-YO TECTONICS; PLATE MOTION; NIGDE MASSIF; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; DEFORMED MUSCOVITE; SOUTHERN TURKEY AB Muscovite and K-feldspar Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from the eastern margin of the Nigde massif in central Anatolia track the timing of initial exhumation, reburial, and final exhumation and cooling of metamorphic rocks deformed within a strike-slip fault zone. Although the ages of initial and final cooling were known from previous studies, our new results document the timing of the reheating/reburial event. Muscovite from four of eight gneiss samples have Late Cretaceous Ar-40/Ar-39 ages that date initial cooling at similar to 75 Ma. The remaining samples have perturbed spectra that climb to Late Cretaceous ages with increasing extraction temperatures during analysis. These perturbed samples are located beneath a faulted unconformity overlain by Paleogene sedimentary deposits that were derived in part from the metamorphic rocks, then buried, metamorphosed, and deformed under greenschist facies conditions. Samples close to the faulted unconformity are more perturbed than structurally deeper samples. The age of the thermal perturbation is determined at 30 +/- 5 Ma using multi-diffusion domain modeling of K-feldspar Ar-40/Ar-39 data from two gneiss samples, one located close to the unconformity and one at a structurally deeper level. Muscovite Ar-40/Ar-39 results and modeled K-feldspar temperature-time histories show that the eastern margin of the Nigde massif experienced a reheating event that peaked at similar to 30 Ma. The thermal pulse has been attributed to reburial associated with transpression in the Ecemis segment of the Central Anatolian Fault Zone along the eastern margin of the Nigde massif. Activity of this fault zone may represent a far-field expression of the onset of collision of Arabia with Eurasia in SE Anatolia. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Idleman, Lauren; Teyssier, Christian; Whitney, Donna L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cosca, Michael A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heizler, Matthew T.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Thomson, Stuart N.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Whitney, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Earth Sci, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM dwhitney@umn.edu RI Thomson, Stuart/A-1222-2009; OI Thomson, Stuart/0000-0003-4331-5654; Whitney, Donna/0000-0002-8296-4692 FU NSF [EAR-1109762]; University of Minnesota; University of Arizona [EAR-1109336] FX This research was funded by NSF grant EAR-1109762, "Continental Dynamics: Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)" to Whitney and Teyssier (University of Minnesota) and EAR-1109336 to Thomson (University of Arizona). NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 612 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.12.003 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA5RM UT WOS:000331157300011 ER PT J AU Lopez-Hoffman, L Wiederholt, R Sansone, C Bagstad, KJ Cryan, P Diffendorfer, JE Goldstein, J LaSharr, K Loomis, J McCracken, G Medellin, RA Russell, A Semmens, D AF Lopez-Hoffman, Laura Wiederholt, Ruscena Sansone, Chris Bagstad, Kenneth J. Cryan, Paul Diffendorfer, Jay E. Goldstein, Joshua LaSharr, Kelsie Loomis, John McCracken, Gary Medellin, Rodrigo A. Russell, Amy Semmens, Darius TI Market Forces and Technological Substitutes Cause Fluctuations in the Value of Bat Pest-Control Services for Cotton SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FREE-TAILED BATS; FIELD-EVOLVED RESISTANCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; INSECT RESISTANCE; BENEFITS TRANSFER; ECONOMIC VALUE; BT COTTON; CROPS; METAANALYSIS; EXISTENCE AB Critics of the market-based, ecosystem services approach to biodiversity conservation worry that volatile market conditions and technological substitutes will diminish the value of ecosystem services and obviate the "economic benefits" arguments for conservation. To explore the effects of market forces and substitutes on service values, we assessed how the value of the pest-control services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) to cotton production in the southwestern U.S. has changed over time. We calculated service values each year from 1990 through 2008 by estimating the value of avoided crop damage and the reduced social and private costs of insecticide use in the presence of bats. Over this period, the ecosystem service value declined by 79% ($19.09 million U.S. dollars) due to the introduction and widespread adoption of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton transgenically modified to express its own pesticide, falling global cotton prices and the reduction in the number of hectares in the U.S. planted with cotton. Our results demonstrate that fluctuations in market conditions can cause temporal variation in ecosystem service values even when ecosystem function - in this case bat population numbers - is held constant. Evidence is accumulating, however, of the evolution of pest resistance to Bt cotton, suggesting that the value of bat pest-control services may increase again. This gives rise to an economic option value argument for conserving Mexican free-tailed bat populations. We anticipate that these results will spur discussion about the role of ecosystem services in biodiversity conservation in general, and bat conservation in particular. C1 [Lopez-Hoffman, Laura; Wiederholt, Ruscena; LaSharr, Kelsie] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lopez-Hoffman, Laura; Wiederholt, Ruscena] Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sansone, Chris] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bagstad, Kenneth J.; Diffendorfer, Jay E.; Semmens, Darius] US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cryan, Paul] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Goldstein, Joshua] Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Loomis, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McCracken, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Russell, Amy] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Lopez-Hoffman, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lauralh@email.arizona.edu OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894; Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1118975]; U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group FX This work was funded by a National Science Foundation award (DEB-1118975) to LLH. This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group, "Animal Migration and Spatial Subsidies: Establishing a Framework for Conservation Markets." The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 68 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e87912 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0087912 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 302TD UT WOS:000330626900146 PM 24498400 ER PT J AU Esfahani, AA Friedel, MJ AF Esfahani, Akbar Akbari Friedel, Michael J. TI Forecasting conditional climate-change using a hybrid approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Climate-change; Drought; Forecast; Fractal modeling; Palmer Drought Severity Index; PDSI; Precipitation; Temperature; Southwestern United States ID SELF-ORGANIZING MAP; UNITED-STATES; LONG; TEMPERATURE; IMPUTATION; PACIFIC; MODELS; ENSO AB A novel approach is proposed to forecast the likelihood of climate-change across spatial landscape gradients. This hybrid approach involves reconstructing past precipitation and temperature using the self-organizing map technique; determining quantile trends in the climate-change variables by quantile regression modeling; and computing conditional forecasts of climate-change variables based on self-similarity in quantile trends using the fractionally differenced auto-regressive integrated moving average technique. The proposed modeling approach is applied to states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) in the southwestern U.S., where conditional forecasts of climate-change variables are evaluated against recent (2012) observations, evaluated at a future time period (2030), and evaluated as future trends (2009-2059). These results have broad economic, political, and social implications because they quantify uncertainty in climate-change forecasts affecting various sectors of society. Another benefit of the proposed hybrid approach is that it can be extended to any spatiotemporal scale providing self-similarity exists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Esfahani, Akbar Akbari; Friedel, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Computat & Math Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Esfahani, Akbar Akbari; Friedel, Michael J.] Denver Fed Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Esfahani, AA (reprint author), Denver Fed Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM Akbar.akbariesfahani@ucdenver.edu NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.009 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2CY UT WOS:000346751700008 ER PT J AU du Bray, EA John, DA Cousens, BL AF du Bray, Edward A. John, David A. Cousens, Brian L. TI Petrologic, tectonic, and metallogenic evolution of the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc, California and Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN-UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; CA. 12 MA; GREAT-BASIN; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; WALKER-LANE; RANGE PROVINCE; NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; IGNIMBRITE FLAREUP AB Ongoing arc magmatism along western North America was preceded by ancestral arc magmatism that began ca. 45 Ma and evolved into modern arc volcanism. The southern ancestral arc segment, active from ca. 30 to 3 Ma, adjoins the northern segment in northern California across a proposed subducted slab tear. The east edge of the Walker Lane approximates the east edge of the southern arc whose products, mostly erupted from stratovolcanoes and lava dome complexes arrayed along the crest of the ancestral arc, extend down the west flank of the Sierra Nevada. Southern arc segment rocks include potassic, calc-alkaline intermediate- to silicic-composition lava flows, lava dome complexes, and associated volcaniclastic deposits. Northern and southern segment rocks are similar to other convergent-margin magmatic arc rocks but are compositionally distinct from each other. Southern segment rocks have lower TiO2, FeO*, CaO, and Na2O contents and higher K2O contents, and exhibit less compositional-temporal variation. Compositional distinctions between the northern and southern segment rocks reflect the composition and thickness of the crust beneath which the associated magma systems were sourced. Northern segment rock compositions are consistent with generation beneath thin, primitive crust, whereas southern segment rocks represent magmas generated and fractionated beneath thicker, more evolved crust. Although rocks in the two arc segments have similar metal abundances, they are metallogenically distinct. Small porphyry copper deposits are characteristic of the northern segment whereas significant epithermal precious metal deposits are most commonly associated with the southern segment. These metallogenic differences are also fundamentally linked to the tectonic settings and crustal regimes within which these two arc segments evolved. C1 [du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [John, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cousens, Brian L.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. We gratefully acknowledge the insights of C.D. Henry, who read an early version of the paper, and formal reviews by M.A. Cosca, A.J. Pietruszka, Keith Putirka, and Eric Christiansen that considerably improved this study. NR 207 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 39 DI 10.1130/GES00944.1 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AK7ZX UT WOS:000338648000001 ER PT J AU Dong, SP Ucarkus, G Wesnousky, SG Maloney, J Kent, G Driscoll, N Baskin, R AF Dong, Shaopeng Ucarkus, Gulsen Wesnousky, Steven G. Maloney, Jillian Kent, Graham Driscoll, Neal Baskin, Robert TI Strike-slip faulting along the Wassuk Range of the northern Walker Lane, Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LAKE; DEFORMATION; FLUCTUATIONS; STRENGTH; BASIN; ZONE AB A strike-slip fault is present outboard and subparallel to the Wassuk Range front within the central Walker Lane (Nevada, USA). Recessional shorelines of pluvial Lake Lahontan that reached its highstand ca. 15,475 +/- 720 cal. yr B.P. are displaced similar to 14 m and yield a right-lateral slip-rate estimate approaching 1 mm/yr. The strike-slip fault trace projects southeastward toward the eastern margin of Walker Lake, which is similar to 15 km to the southeast. The trace is obscured in this region by recessional shorelines features that record the historical dessication of the lake caused by upstream water diversion and consumption. High-resolution seismic CHIRP (compressed high intensity radar pulse) profiles acquired in Walker Lake reveal similar to 20 k.y. of stratigraphy that is tilted westward similar to 20-30 m to the Wassuk Range front, consistent with similar to 1.0-1.5 mm/yr (20-30 m/20 k.y.) of vertical displacement on the main range-bounding normal fault. Direct evidence of the northwest-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault is not observed, although a set of folds and faults trending N35 degrees E, conjugate to the trend of the strike-slip fault observed to the north, is superimposed on the west-dipping strata. The pattern and trend of folding and faulting beneath the lake are not simply explained; they may record development of Riedel shears in a zone of northwest-directed strike slip. Regardless of their genesis, the faults and folds appear to have been inactive during the past similar to 10.5 k.y. These observations begin to reconcile what was a mismatch between geodetically predicted deformation rates and geological fault slip rate studies along the Wassuk Range front, and provide another example of strain partitioning between predominantly normal and strike-slip faults that occurs in regions of oblique extension such as the Walker Lane. C1 [Dong, Shaopeng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcanoes, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Dong, Shaopeng; Wesnousky, Steven G.] Univ Nevada, Ctr Neotecton Studies, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Ucarkus, Gulsen; Maloney, Jillian; Driscoll, Neal] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kent, Graham] Univ Nevada, Nevada Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Baskin, Robert] US Geol Survey, West Valley City, UT 84119 USA. RP Dong, SP (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcanoes, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM dshaopeng@gmail.com; gucarkus@ucsd.edu; wesnousky@unr.edu; jmaloney@ucsd.du; gkent@unr.edu; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu; rbaskin@usgs.gov FU Southern California Earthquake Center award SCEC-10166; China Earthquake Administration [IGCEA 1220]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41372220] FX This is University of Nevada Center for Neotectonics Contribution 65. Funding for the seismic CHIRP (compressed high intensity radar pulse) survey on Walker Lake was provided by Southern California Earthquake Center award SCEC-10166. Support for Shaopeng Dong was provided by the China Earthquake Administration Grant No. IGCEA 1220 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 41372220. We thank Ken Adams for a constructive review and criticisms regarding the ages of the late Holocene and historical highstands of Walker Lake that were valuable in improving the paper. Constructive reviews by Angela Jayko and Cooper Brossy also improved the paper. We thank Danny Brothers for an internal U.S. Geological Survey review and Ernest Aaron for his equipment expertise. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1130/GES00912.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AK7ZX UT WOS:000338648000002 ER PT J AU Downs, DT Rowland, JV Wilson, CJN Rosenberg, MD Leonard, GS Calvert, AT AF Downs, D. T. Rowland, J. V. Wilson, C. J. N. Rosenberg, M. D. Leonard, G. S. Calvert, A. T. TI Evolution of the intra-arc Taupo-Reporoa Basin within the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SILICIC MAGMATIC SYSTEM; CENTRAL NORTH-ISLAND; KA ORUANUI ERUPTION; KAINGAROA IGNIMBRITE; GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY; EXTENSION RATE; RIFT SYSTEM; HISTORY; ROCKS; FAULT AB The spatial and temporal distributions of volcaniclastic deposits in arc-related basins reflect a complex interplay between tectonic, volcanic, and magmatic processes that is typically difficult to unravel. We take advantage of comprehensive geothermal drill hole stratigraphic records within the Taupo-Reporoa Basin (TRB), and integrate them with new Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations, existing age data, and new mapping to develop a four-dimensional model of basin evolution in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand. Here, exceptional rhyolitic productivity and high rates of extensional tectonism have resulted in the formation of at least eight calderas and two subparallel, northeast-trending rift basins, each of which is currently subsiding at 3 to 4 mm/yr: the Taupo fault belt (TFB) to the northwest and the TRB to the southeast (the main subject of this paper). The basins are separated in the northeast by a high-standing, fault-controlled range termed the Paeroa block, which is the focus of mapping for this study, and in the southwest by an along strike alignment of smaller scale faults and an associated region of lower relief. Stratigraphic age constraints within the Paeroa block indicate that a single basin (similar to 120 km long by 60 km wide) existed within the central TVZ until 339 +/- 5 ka (Paeroa Subgroup eruption age), and it is inferred to have drained to the west through a narrow and deep constriction, the present-day Ongaroto Gorge. Stratigraphic evidence and field relationships imply that development of the Paeroa block occurred within 58 +/- 26 k.y. of Paeroa Subgroup emplacement, but in two stages. The northern Paeroa block underwent uplift and associated tilting first, followed by the southern Paeroa block. Elevations (>500 m above sea level) of lacustrine sediments within the southern Paeroa block are consistent with elevations of rhyolite lavas in the Ongaroto Gorge, the outlet to the paleolake in which these sediments were deposited, and indicate that the Paeroa block has remained relatively stable since development. East of the Paeroa block, stratigraphic relationships show that movement along the Kaingaroa Fault zone, the eastern boundary of the central TVZ, is associated with volcano-tectonic events. Stratigraphic and age data are consistent with rapid formation of the paired TRB and TFB at 339 +/- 5 ka, and indicate that gradual, secular rifting is punctuated by volcano-tectonic episodes from time to time. Both processes influence basin evolution. C1 [Downs, D. T.; Rowland, J. V.] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Wilson, C. J. N.] Victoria Univ, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Rosenberg, M. D.] GNS Sci, Taupo 3352, New Zealand. [Leonard, G. S.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Calvert, A. T.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Downs, DT (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM d.downs@auckland.ac.nz RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011; Leonard, Graham/B-5617-2012; OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743; Leonard, Graham/0000-0002-4859-0180; Downs, Drew/0000-0002-9056-1404 FU New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX We thank Jim Cole, Darren Gravley, Alan East-wood, Pat Browne, Greg Bignall, and Isabelle Chambefort for helpful discussions, John Wilmshurst for X-ray fluorescence analyses, and Mighty River Power for access to unpublished drill hole records. Financial support was provided by the New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. Helpful reviews by Jeff Amato, Cathy Busby, and an anonymous reviewer and editorial handling by Tim Wawrzyniec greatly improved this manuscript. NR 94 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 185 EP 206 DI 10.1130/GES00965.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AK7ZX UT WOS:000338648000010 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE Castiglione, C AF McKenna, James E., Jr. Castiglione, Chris TI Model Distribution of Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) in Western Lake Erie SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; RAINBOW SMELT; NEW-YORK; HABITAT; TROUT; BASIN AB Silver Chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana) was once a common forage fish in Lake Erie but has declined greatly since the 1950s. Identification of optimal and marginal habitats would help conserve and manage this species. We developed neural networks to use broad-scale habitat variables to predict abundance classes of Silver Chub in western Lake Erie, where its largest remaining population exists. Model performance was good, particularly for predicting locations of habitat with the potential to support the highest and lowest abundances of this species. Highest abundances are expected in waters >5 m deep; water depth and distance to coastal habitats were important model features. These models provide initial tools to help conserve this species, but their resolution can be improved with additional data and consideration of other ecological factors. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Castiglione, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New York, NY 14013 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov; chris_castiglione@fws.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 171 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK1XG UT WOS:000338211800008 ER PT J AU Hogan, DM Jarnagin, ST Loperfido, JV Van Ness, K AF Hogan, Dianna M. Jarnagin, S. Taylor Loperfido, J. V. Van Ness, Keith TI MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT ON STREAMS IN URBANIZING WATERSHEDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Best Management Practices (BMPs); sediment and erosion control; stormwater management; erosion; geomorphology; sediment; biotic integrity; urban areas; sediment ID CONSTRUCTION SITES; SEDIMENT YIELD; LAND-USE; EROSION; URBANIZATION; PERFORMANCE; CATCHMENT; BASEFLOW; MARYLAND; RECHARGE AB This collaborative study examined urbanization and impacts on area streams while using the best available sediment and erosion control (S&EC) practices in developing watersheds in Maryland, United States. During conversion of the agricultural and forested watersheds to urban land use, land surface topography was graded and vegetation was removed creating a high potential for sediment generation and release during storm events. The currently best available S&EC facilities were used during the development process to mitigate storm runoff water quality, quantity, and timing before entering area streams. Detailed Geographic Information System (GIS) maps were created to visualize changing land use and S&EC practices, five temporal collections of LiDAR (light detection and ranging) imagery were used to map the changing landscape topography, and streamflow, physical geomorphology, and habitat data were used to assess the ability of the S&EC facilities to protect receiving streams during development. Despite the use of the best available S&EC facilities, receiving streams experienced altered flow, geomorphology, and decreased biotic community health. These impacts on small streams during watershed development affect sediment and nutrient loads to larger downstream aquatic ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Hogan, Dianna M.; Loperfido, J. V.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jarnagin, S. Taylor] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Environm Sci Div, Off Res & Dev,Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Van Ness, Keith] Montgomery Cty Dept Environm Protect, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhogan@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection (DEP); USGS; University of Maryland (UMD); USEPA [DW14921533, DW14921811, DW14922385] FX This work would not have been possible without the Clarksburg Integrated Study Partnership, which includes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), the USGS, and the University of Maryland (UMD). Invaluable help with access to information and work on environmental data collection and analysis was given by Montgomery County DEP including Alicia Youmans, Jenny St. John, Rachel Gauza, Eric Naibert, Bill Green, and Amy Stevens. The Montgomery County Planning Department of Permitting Services also readily provided help, advice, and access to data, and includes Richard Gee, Derek Isensee, Tom Wheadon, Leo Galanko, Rich Brush, and Mike Reahl. The authors are especially grateful to Annette Hall of the USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center for leading the production of the original BMP maps for Clarksburg, Maryland, which provided the basis for much of the subsequent efforts. The authors would also like to thank Asa Eckert-Erdheim, Dr. Kaye Brubaker's Intro to GIS class at University of Maryland College Park, several USEPA support contractors in Las Vegas, and USGS interns Brianna Hammond and Cameron Hill for help in completing the LULC classification mapping. The authors are grateful for support from Meo Curtis and Steve Shofar at Montgomery County, and to Wendy Hanley, Montgomery Department of Parks, for study site access. The LiDAR collection and ground survey required a team effort with help from Kaye Brubaker, Vince Gardina, John Jones, and experts from Johnson Mirmiran & Thompson. Ed Dohney and Matt Baker of USGS provided support for the USGS stream gauges. The LiDAR data referenced in this document have been funded in part by the USEPA. The streamflow gauge data referenced in this document have been funded in part by the USEPA under assistance agreements DW14921533, DW14921811, and DW14922385 to the USGS. Thanks also go to Jonathan Smith of the USGS Land Change Science (LCS) Program, the USGS Chesapeake Bay Program, and to the USGS Mendenhall Research Program. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1111/jawr.12123 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AJ4IQ UT WOS:000337639100013 ER PT J AU Landon, MK Burton, CA Davis, TA Belitz, K Johnson, TD AF Landon, Matthew K. Burton, Carmen A. Davis, Tracy A. Belitz, Kenneth Johnson, Tyler D. TI STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF VARIABLES AFFECTING OCCURRENCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN AQUIFERS USED FOR PUBLIC SUPPLY, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE organic chemicals; drinking water; environmental sampling; groundwater hydrology; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; gasoline oxygenates ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; FUEL HYDROCARBONS; PLUME LENGTHS; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; CRUDE-OIL; BENZENE; ETHANOL; CONTAMINATION AB The variables affecting the occurrence of hydrocarbons in aquifers used for public supply in California were assessed based on statistical evaluation of three large statewide datasets; gasoline oxygenates also were analyzed for comparison with hydrocarbons. Benzene is the most frequently detected (1.7%) compound among 17 hydrocarbons analyzed at generally low concentrations (median detected concentration 0.024 mu g/l) in groundwater used for public supply in California; methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is the most frequently detected (5.8%) compound among seven oxygenates analyzed (median detected concentration 0.1 mu g/l). At aquifer depths used for public supply, hydrocarbons and MTBE rarely co-occur and are generally related to different variables; in shallower groundwater, co-occurrence is more frequent and there are similar relations to the density or proximity of potential sources. Benzene concentrations are most strongly correlated with reducing conditions, regardless of groundwater age and depth. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that benzene and other hydrocarbons detected in old, deep, and/or brackish groundwater result from geogenic sources of oil and gas. However, in recently recharged (since similar to 1950), generally shallower groundwater, higher concentrations and detection frequencies of benzene and hydrocarbons were associated with a greater proportion of commercial land use surrounding the well, likely reflecting effects of anthropogenic sources, particularly in combination with reducing conditions. C1 [Landon, Matthew K.; Burton, Carmen A.; Davis, Tracy A.; Belitz, Kenneth; Johnson, Tyler D.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Landon, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM landon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development [DW-14-95779601-0]; State bonds FX This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development under interagency agreement DW-14-95779601-0. This study was coordinated with the California GAMA program, funded by State bonds administered by the California State Water Resources Control Board. We thank the well owners who allowed the USGS to collect samples and personnel who collected and managed the data. The use of brand names in the manuscript is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1111/jawr.12129 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AJ4IQ UT WOS:000337639100014 ER PT J AU Gillespie, N Unthank, A Campbell, L Anderson, P Gubernick, R Weinhold, M Cenderelli, D Austin, B McKinley, D Wells, S Rowan, J Orvis, C Hudy, M Bowden, A Singler, A Fretz, E Levine, J Kirn, R AF Gillespie, Nathaniel Unthank, Amy Campbell, Lauren Anderson, Paul Gubernick, Robert Weinhold, Mark Cenderelli, Daniel Austin, Brian McKinley, Daniel Wells, Susan Rowan, Janice Orvis, Curt Hudy, Mark Bowden, Alison Singler, Amy Fretz, Eileen Levine, Jessica Kirn, Richard TI Flood Effects on Road-Stream Crossing Infrastructure: Economic and Ecological Benefits of Stream Simulation Designs SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; TROUT AB Stream simulation design is a geomorphic, engineering, and ecologically based approach to designing road-stream crossings that creates a natural and dynamic channel through the crossing structure similar in dimensions and characteristics to the adjacent natural channel, allowing for unimpeded passage of aquatic organisms, debris, and water during various flow conditions, including floods. A retrospective case study of the survival and failure of road-stream crossings was conducted in the upper White River watershed and the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont following record flooding from Tropical Storm Irene in August 2011. Damage was largely avoided at two road-stream crossings where stream simulation design was implemented and extensive at multiple road-stream crossings constructed using traditional undersized hydraulic designs. Cost analyses suggest that relatively modest increases in initial investment to implement stream simulation designs yield substantial societal and economic benefits. Recommendations are presented to help agencies and stakeholders improve road-stream crossings, including increasing coordination to adopt stream simulation design methodology, increasing funding and flexibility for agencies and partners to upgrade failed crossings for flood resiliency, and expanding training workshops targeting federal, state, and local stakeholders. RESUMENel diseno de simulacion de arroyos es un enfoque geomorfico, de ingenieria y con consideraciones ecosistemicas en el que se crean pasadizos erigiendo un canal natural y dinamico entre arroyos a traves de estructuras de paso similares en dimensiones y caracteristicas al canal natural adyacente, permitiendo asi el paso irrestricto de organismos acuaticos, debris y agua durante distintas condiciones de flujo, incluyendo inundaciones. Se llevo a cabo un caso de estudio retrospectivo acerca de los exitos y fracasos de la construccion de pasadizos entre arroyos en la parte alta de la cuenca del Rio Blanco y el parque Nacional Montana Verde, en Vermont, justo despues de las inundaciones sucedidas tras el paso de la tormenta tropical Irene, en agosto de 2011. El dano fue en gran parte evitado en dos pasadizos donde se implemento el diseno de simulacion de arroyos, no asi en distintos pasadizos que fueron construidos mediante el diseno hidraulico tradicional, en los que el dano fue extensivo. El analisis de costos sugiere que incrementos relativamente pequenos en la inversion inicial, destinados a implementar un diseno de simulacion de arroyos, dan como resultado considerables beneficios sociales y economicos. Se presentan recomendaciones que podran ayudar tanto a las agencias como los participantes genuinamente interesados en el tema, a mejorar los pasadizos fluviales mediante un incremento en la coordinacion que promueva las metodologias del diseno de simulacion de arroyos, aumento de los fondos y la flexibilidad de las agencias y participantes para actualizar aquellos pasadizos cuya resiliencia a las inundaciones haya fallado y expandir los talleres de capacitacion dirigidos a participantes federales, estatales y locales. C1 [Gillespie, Nathaniel; Unthank, Amy; Campbell, Lauren; Anderson, Paul] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gubernick, Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, Duluth, MN USA. [Weinhold, Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, Glenwood Springs, CO USA. [Cenderelli, Daniel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Austin, Brian; McKinley, Daniel] US Forest Serv, USDA, Green Mt Natl Forest, Rutland, VT USA. [Wells, Susan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Rowan, Janice; Orvis, Curt] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA USA. [Hudy, Mark] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Bowden, Alison] Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA USA. [Singler, Amy] Amer Rivers, Northampton, MA USA. [Fretz, Eileen] Amer Rivers, Washington, DC USA. [Levine, Jessica] Nature Conservancy, Keene Valley, NY USA. [Kirn, Richard] Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept, Roxbury, VT USA. RP Gillespie, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3SE Yates Bldg,201 14th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ngillespie@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 62 EP 76 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.874527 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AB6WE UT WOS:000331929400010 ER PT J AU Besse, S Sunshine, JM Gaddis, LR AF Besse, S. Sunshine, J. M. Gaddis, L. R. TI Volcanic glass signatures in spectroscopic survey of newly proposed lunar pyroclastic deposits SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Moon; Spectroscopy; Pyroclastic deposits; volcanic glass; Moon Mineralogy Mapper ID MINERALOGY MAPPER M-3; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; CINDER CONES; MOON; PYROXENES; OLIVINE; SURFACE; MAGMA; GEOTHERMOMETRY AB Moon Mineralogy Mapper spectroscopic observations are used to assess the mineralogy of five sites that have recently been proposed to include lunar dark mantle deposits (DMDs). Volcanic glasses have, for the first time, clearly been identified at the location of three of the proposed pyroclastic deposits. This is the first time that volcanic glasses have been identified at such a small scale on the lunar surface from remote sensing observations. Deposits at Birt E, Schluter, and Walther A appear to be glassy DMDs. Deposits at Birt E and Schluter show (1) morphological evidence suggesting a likely vent and (2) mineralogical evidence indicative of the presence of volcanic glasses. The Walther A deposits, although they show no morphological evidence of vents, have the spectroscopic characteristics diagnostic of volcanic glasses. The deposits of the Freundlich-Sharonov basin are separated in two areas: (1) the Buys-Ballot deposits lack mineralogical and morphological evidence and thus are found to be associated with mare volcanism not with DMDs and (2) the Anderson crater deposits, which do not exhibit glassy DMD signatures, but they appear to be associated with possible vent structures and so may be classifiable as DMDs. Finally, dark deposits near the crater Kopff are found to be associated with likely mare volcanism and not associated with DMDs. The spectral identification of volcanic glass seen in many of the potential DMDs is a strong indicator of their pyroclastic origin. C1 [Besse, S.] ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gaddis, L. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Besse, S (reprint author), ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM sbesse@rssd.esa.int OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439 FU ESA; NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program FX The ESA fellowship program supported the research of S. Besse. The NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program supported L. Gaddis. We acknowledge P. Isaacson and R. Klima for helpful comments that improved the quality and clarity of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 355 EP 372 DI 10.1002/2013JE004537 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AH6EZ UT WOS:000336224800003 ER PT J AU Richards, RR Guy, CS Webb, MA Gardner, WM Jensen, CB AF Richards, R. R. Guy, C. S. Webb, M. A. Gardner, W. M. Jensen, C. B. TI Spawning related movement of shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River above Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WHITE STURGEON; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; PALLID STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; LAKE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE AB The hypotheses of this study were (i) that shovelnose sturgeon would make upstream movements to spawn, (ii) movement of spawning fish would be greater in a year with higher discharge, and (iii) that spawning fish would have greater movements than reproductively inactive fish. Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) in five reproductive categories (e. g. males, confirmed spawning females, potentially spawning females, atretic females, and reproductively inactive females) were tracked in 2008 and 2009. All reproductive categories, except reproductively inactive females, exhibited large-scale movements and had omnidirectional movements. No differences in movement rates were observed in confirmed spawning females between years despite a 45% higher peak discharge in 2008 (839 m(3) s(-1)) than in 2009 (578 m(3) s(-1)). A peak discharge was obtained at a faster rate in 2008 (165 m(3) s(-1) day(-1)) than in 2009 (39 m(3) s(-1) day(-1)), and high discharge was of greater duration in 2008. Reproductively inactive females did not exhibit large-scale movements and their movement rate differed from other reproductive categories. Shovelnose sturgeon spawned in both years, despite highly varying hydrographs between years. C1 [Richards, R. R.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Guy, C. S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Webb, M. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Gardner, W. M.; Jensen, C. B.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Lewistown Area Resource Off, Lewistown, MT USA. RP Richards, RR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM ryan.roy.richards@gmail.com FU Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Montana State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Montana State University [77-05] FX The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and PPL Montana provided funding and support for this research. The first author thanks Robert Bramblett for manuscript reviews; Eli Cureton and Joel Van Eenennaam for training and assistance with histological analyses; Eli McCord, Mike Wente, Randy Rodencal, Ben Cox, Matt Jaeger, Michael Michelson, Nick Smith, Sue Camp, Steve Leathe, Mike Meeuwig, Ben Goodman, Boone Richards, Justin Spinelli, John Syslo, Peter Brown, Steven Ranney, and Mariah Talbott for their invaluable support and assistance in the field, laboratory, and office. The Montana Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Montana State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This study was performed under the auspices of Montana State University protocol number 77-05. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1111/jai.12336 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH6QT UT WOS:000336256500001 ER PT J AU McGarr, A AF McGarr, A. TI Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE induced earthquakes; fluid injection; seismic moment; earthquake magnitude; wastewater disposal; enhanced geothermal systems ID COGDELL OIL-FIELD; INDUCED SEISMICITY; DENVER EARTHQUAKES; 2-YEAR SURVEY; TEXAS; SEQUENCE; DEFORMATION; RESERVOIR; OKLAHOMA; COLORADO AB Analysis of numerous case histories of earthquake sequences induced by fluid injection at depth reveals that the maximum magnitude appears to be limited according to the total volume of fluid injected. Similarly, the maximum seismic moment seems to have an upper bound proportional to the total volume of injected fluid. Activities involving fluid injection include (1) hydraulic fracturing of shale formations or coal seams to extract gas and oil, (2) disposal of wastewater from these gas and oil activities by injection into deep aquifers, and (3) the development of enhanced geothermal systems by injecting water into hot, low-permeability rock. Of these three operations, wastewater disposal is observed to be associated with the largest earthquakes, with maximum magnitudes sometimes exceeding 5. To estimate the maximum earthquake that could be induced by a given fluid injection project, the rock mass is assumed to be fully saturated, brittle, to respond to injection with a sequence of earthquakes localized to the region weakened by the pore pressure increase of the injection operation and to have a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude distribution with a b value of 1. If these assumptions correctly describe the circumstances of the largest earthquake, then the maximum seismic moment is limited to the volume of injected liquid times the modulus of rigidity. Observations from the available case histories of earthquakes induced by fluid injection are consistent with this bound on seismic moment. In view of the uncertainties in this analysis, however, this should not be regarded as an absolute physical limit. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcgarr@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 16 U2 111 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1008 EP 1019 DI 10.1002/2013JB010597 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD2AK UT WOS:000333034600014 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Sherrod, B AF Gomberg, Joan Sherrod, Brian TI Crustal earthquake triggering by modern great earthquakes on subduction zone thrusts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Subduction thrusts; Triggering; Cascadia; Crustal earthquakes ID 1945 MIKAWA EARTHQUAKE; M-W 9.0; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC COAST; AFTERSHOCKS; SEISMICITY; STRESS; REGION; FORESHOCKS; CALIFORNIA AB Among the many questions raised by the recent abundance of great (M>8.0) subduction thrust earthquakes is their potential to trigger damaging earthquakes on crustal faults within the overriding plate and beneath many of the world's densely populated urban centers. We take advantage of the coincident abundance of great earthquakes globally and instrumental observations since 1960 to assess this triggering potential by analyzing centroids and focal mechanisms from the centroid moment tensor catalog for events starting in 1976 and published reports about the M9.5 1960 Chile and M9.2 1964 Alaska earthquake sequences. We find clear increases in the rates of crustal earthquakes in the overriding plate within days following all subduction thrust earthquakes of M>8.6, within about 10 degrees of the triggering event centroid latitude and longitude. This result is consistent with dynamic triggering of more distant increases of shallow seismicity rates at distances beyond 10 degrees, suggesting that dynamic triggering may be important within the near field too. Crustal earthquake rate increases may also follow smaller M>7.5 subduction thrust events, but because activity typically occurs offshore in the immediately vicinity of the triggering rupture plane, it cannot be unambiguously attributed to sources within the overriding plate. These observations are easily explained in the context of existing earthquake scaling laws. C1 [Gomberg, Joan; Sherrod, Brian] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1235 EP 1250 DI 10.1002/2012JB009826 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD2AK UT WOS:000333034600026 ER PT J AU Sherrod, B Gomberg, J AF Sherrod, Brian Gomberg, Joan TI Crustal earthquake triggering by pre-historic great earthquakes on subduction zone thrusts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE triggering; crustal fault; megathrust; cluster ID SEATTLE-FAULT-ZONE; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; 1700 CASCADIA EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHERN COASTAL OREGON; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST EARTHQUAKES; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; NORTHERN PUGET LOWLAND; PAST 2000 YEARS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Triggering of earthquakes on upper plate faults during and shortly after recent great (M>8.0) subduction thrust earthquakes raises concerns about earthquake triggering following Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. Of particular regard to Cascadia was the previously noted, but only qualitatively identified, clustering of M>similar to 6.5 crustal earthquakes in the Puget Sound region between about 1200-900 cal years B.P. and the possibility that this was triggered by a great Cascadia thrust subduction thrust earthquake, and therefore portends future such clusters. We confirm quantitatively the extraordinary nature of the Puget Sound region crustal earthquake clustering between 1200-900 cal years B.P., at least over the last 16,000. We conclude that this cluster was not triggered by the penultimate, and possibly full-margin, great Cascadia subduction thrust earthquake. However, we also show that the paleoseismic record for Cascadia is consistent with conclusions of our companion study of the global modern record outside Cascadia, that M>8.6 subduction thrust events have a high probability of triggering at least one or more M>similar to 6.5 crustal earthquakes. C1 [Sherrod, Brian; Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gomberg@usgs.gov NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1273 EP 1294 DI 10.1002/2013JB010635 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AD2AK UT WOS:000333034600028 ER PT J AU Machtans, CS Thogmartin, WE AF Machtans, Craig S. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Understanding the value of imperfect science from national estimates of bird mortality from window collisions SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Estimates; window collisions; mortality ID UNITED-STATES; AVIAN MORTALITY; CANADA; CONSERVATION; IMPACT AB The publication of a U.S. estimate of bird window collisions by Loss et al. is an example of the somewhat contentious approach of using extrapolations to obtain large-scale estimates from small-scale studies. We review the approach by Loss et al. and other authors who have published papers on human-induced avian mortality and describe the drawbacks and advantages to publishing what could be considered imperfect science. The main drawback is the inherent and somewhat unquantifiable bias of using small-scale studies to scale up to a national estimate. The direct benefits include development of new methodologies for creating the estimates, an explicit treatment of known biases with acknowledged uncertainty in the final estimate, and the novel results. Other overarching benefits are that these types of papers are catalysts for improving all aspects of the science of estimates and for policies that must respond to the new information. C1 [Machtans, Craig S.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Onalaska, WI USA. RP Machtans, CS (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT, Canada. EM craig.machtans@ec.gc.ca RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 35 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-134.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300002 ER PT J AU Loss, SR Wil, T Loss, SS Marra, PP AF Loss, Scott R. Wil, Tom Loss, Sara S. Marra, Peter P. TI Bird-building collisions in the United States: Estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic mortality; Birds of Conservation Concern; individual residence; low-rise; high-rise; systematic review; window collision ID WINDOW COLLISIONS; AVIAN MORTALITY; CANADA; PERSISTENCE; LANDSCAPE; IMPACT; GLASS; RISK AB Building collisions, and particularly collisions with windows, are a major anthropogenic threat to birds, with rough estimates of between 100 million and 1 billion birds killed annually in the United States. However, no current U.S. estimates are based on systematic analysis of multiple data sources. We reviewed the published literature and acquired unpublished datasets to systematically quantify bird building collision mortality and species-specific vulnerability. Based on 23 studies, we estimate that between 365 and 988 million birds (median = 599 million) are killed annually by building collisions in the U.S., with roughly 56% of mortality at low-rises, 44% at residences, and <1% at high-rises. Based on >92,000 fatality records, and after controlling for population abundance and range overlap with study sites, we identified several species that are disproportionately vulnerable to collisions at all building types. In addition, several species listed as national Birds of Conservation Concern due to their declining populations were identified to be highly vulnerable to building collisions, including Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris), Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Kentucky Warbler (Geothlypis formosa), and Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum). The identification of these five migratory species with geographic ranges limited to eastern and central North America reflects seasonal and regional biases in the currently available building-collision data. Most sampling has occurred during migration and in the eastern U.S. Further research across seasons and in underrepresented regions is needed to reduce this bias. Nonetheless, we provide quantitative evidence to support the conclusion that building collisions are second only to feral and free-ranging pet cats, which are estimated to kill roughly four times as many birds each year, as the largest source of direct human-caused mortality for U.S. birds. C1 [Loss, Scott R.; Loss, Sara S.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Wil, Tom] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Midwest Reg Off, Bloomington, MN USA. RP Loss, SR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM scott.loss@okstate.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX We thank the following people and organizations for providing access to unpublished datasets from building collision monitoring programs: K. Brand (Lights Out Winston-Salem, Forsyth County Audubon Society & Audubon North Carolina), A. Conover (Lights Out Columbus, Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative & Grange Insurance Audubon Center), M. Coolidge (Bird Safe Portland, Audubon Society of Portland), S. Diehl and C. Sharlow-Schaefer (Wisconsin Night Guardians, Wisconsin Humane Society), J. Eckles, K. Nichols, and R. Zink (Project Bird Safe Minnesota, Audubon Minnesota & University of Minnesota), S. Elbin and A. Palmer (Project Safe Flight, New York City Audubon), M. Flannery (California Academy of Sciences), D. Gorney (Lights Out Indy, Amos W. Butler Audubon Society), A. Lewis and L. Fuisz (Lights Out DC, City Wildlife), M. Mesure (Toronto Fatal Light Awareness Program), W. Olson (Lights Out Baltimore, Baltimore Bird Club), A. Prince (Chicago Bird Collision Monitors, Chicago Audubon Society), K. Russell (Audubon Pennsylvania), and D. Willard (The Field Museum). A. Bracey, J. Ducey, M. Etterson, S. Hager, A. Harrington, D. Horn, G. Niemi, and T. O'Connell provided access to unpublished or otherwise unavailable data. R. Schneider and J. Rutter provided assistance with data collection and management; E. Bayne, C. Machtans, and C. Wedeles provided access to unpublished manuscripts; and M. Lynes and C. Sheppard assisted in locating datasets. We give special thanks to D. Klem for providing access to nearly all of his window collision data, investing significant effort along with P. Saenger to digitize historical records, and for pioneering the study of bird-window collisions. S.R.L. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Smithsonian Institution's Postdoctoral Fellowship program. The findings and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Smithsonian Institution. NR 60 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 16 U2 99 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300003 ER PT J AU Kirchhoff, MD Lindell, JR Hodges, JI AF Kirchhoff, Matthew D. Lindell, John R. Hodges, John I. TI From critically endangered to least concern? A revised population trend for the Kittlitz's Murrelet in Glacier Bay, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Alaska; anchoring; Brachyramphus brevirostris; Glacier Bay; Kittlitz's Murrelet; population trend ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BRACHYRAMPHUS-BREVIROSTRIS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ABUNDANCE; TRANSECTS; PATTERNS; SEABIRD; KODIAK AB The Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) has been proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). A significant portion of the global population occurs in Glacier Bay, Alaska, where steep population declines have been previously reported. To further examine Kittlitz's Murrelet population trends we replicated a 1993 survey in 2009 and 2010 using the same lead observer, the same transect lines, and similar methods. We found the number of Kittlitz's Murrelets unchanged since 1993. Other seabird surveys were conducted in Glacier Bay between 1991 and 2008 by federal agencies, using a variety of sampling designs. We added our surveys to previously published surveys, correcting for percentage of murrelets identified to species to enable comparison. When all surveys were analyzed collectively, the Kittlitz's Murrelet population showed no significant trend between 1991 and 2010 (P= 0.51). A power analysis showed high power (>0.99) to detect a decline had the population truly been declining at a rate of -11% per year, allowing us to reject the prior published conclusion of decline rates of -10.7% to -14.4% per year in Glacier Bay. The prior result of murrelet population decline was driven by a high population estimate from an isolated, nonstandard survey in 1991. Our three surveys in 1993, 2009, and 2010 provide a direct long-term comparison of standardized surveys, and show a more comprehensive picture of the Kittlitz's Murrelet population trend in Glacier Bay. We suggest the previous conclusion of a declining trend was influenced by anchoring bias, which attached undue certainty to the initial observation. The revised population trend in Glacier Bay indicates Kittlitz's Murrelets are not at imminent risk of extinction. C1 [Kirchhoff, Matthew D.] Audubon Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hodges, John I.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kirchhoff, MD (reprint author), Audubon Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. EM mdkirchhoff@gmail.com FU National Park Service for encouraging; Audubon Alaska and the Wildlife Diversity Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX We thank the National Park Service for encouraging and supporting this survey work. In addition to the authors, observers on the 2009 and 2010 surveys were D.J. Albert, D. S. Albert, S. McAllister, D. Parent, T. Parent, M. Smith, and S. Wright. J. Koehler provided support in 2009 with logistics and planning, as well as supervising crews on the ground. Special thanks to M. Lundsten, captain of the vessel Gravina, for providing a safe and efficient platform for these surveys. S. Gende of the National Park Service and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Our research was funded jointly by Audubon Alaska and the Wildlife Diversity Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-123.1 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300004 ER PT J AU Howe, KB Coates, PS Delehanty, DJ AF Howe, Kristy B. Coates, Peter S. Delehanty, David J. TI Selection of anthropogenic features and vegetation characteristics by nesting Common Ravens in the sagebrush ecosystem SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic features; Centrocercus urophasianus; Common Raven; Corvus corax; energy development; Greater Sage-Grouse; nest habitat; resource selection function ID GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; MOJAVE DESERT; PREDATION; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION AB Common Raven (Corvus corax) numbers and distribution are increasing throughout the sagebrush steppe, influencing avian communities in complex ways. Anthropogenic structures are thought to increase raven populations by providing food and nesting subsidies, which is cause for concern because ravens are important nest predators of sensitive species, including Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). During 2007-2009, we located raven nests in southeastern Idaho and conducted a resource selection analysis. We measured variables at multiple spatial scales for 72 unique nest locations, including landscape-level vegetation characteristics and anthropogenic structures. Using generalized linear mixed models and an information-theoretic approach, we found a 31% decrease in the odds of nesting by ravens for every 1 km increase in distance away from a transmission line. Furthermore, a 100-m increase in distance away from the edge of two different land cover types decreased the odds of nesting by 20%, and an increase in the amount of edge by 1 km within an area of 102.1 ha centered on the nest increased the odds of nesting by 49%. A post hoc analysis revealed that ravens were most likely to nest near edges of adjoining big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and land cover types that were associated with direct human disturbance or fire. These findings contribute to our understanding of raven expansion into rural environments and could be used to make better-informed conservation decisions, especially in the face of increasing renewable energy development. C1 [Howe, Kristy B.; Delehanty, David J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Howe, Kristy B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT USA. [Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. RP Coates, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA USA. EM pcoates@usgs.gov FU Biological Sciences of Idaho State University; Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S. Geological Survey-Dixon Field Station; Bureau of Land ManagementIdaho, and Gonzales Stoller Surveillance; U.S. Department of Energy and Idaho National Laboratory FX This research was conducted through the academic and financial support of Biological Sciences of Idaho State University, Wildlife Conservation Society, U.S. Geological Survey-Dixon Field Station, Bureau of Land ManagementIdaho, and Gonzales Stoller Surveillance, as well as the U.S. Department of Energy and Idaho National Laboratory. We would particularly like to recognize several individuals who promoted and encouraged our research, including Christopher Jenkins, Michael Casazza, Joseph Lowe, Theresa Mathis, Jeff Burrell, Scott Bergen, Doug Halford, Roger Blew, Jeremy Shive, and Quinn Shurtliff. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 44 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-115-R2.1 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300005 ER PT J AU Page, GW Warnock, N Tibbitts, TL Jorgensen, D Hartman, CA Stenzel, LE AF Page, Gary W. Warnock, Nils Tibbitts, T. Lee Jorgensen, Dennis Hartman, C. Alex Stenzel, Lynne E. TI Annual migratory patterns of Long-billed Curlews in the American West SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Long-billed Curlew; migration route; migration timing; satellite telemetry; sex differences; stopover; wintering area ID NUMENIUS-AMERICANUS; BREEDING POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; ORIENTATION; SANDPIPERS; SELECTION; STOPOVER; SUCCESS AB Effective conservation of migratory species requires comprehensive knowledge of annual movement patterns. Such information is sparse for the Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), a North American endemic shorebird of conservation concern. To test hypotheses about individual and area differences in migratory patterns across western North America, we tagged 29 curlews with satellite transmitters at breeding sites in Oregon, Nevada, and Montana. Transmissions from 28 birds for up to 4 years demonstrated that all wintered within the species' known winter range, including 9 from Oregon tracked to agricultural areas of California's Central Valley; 5 from Nevada tracked to the Central Valley, northern Gulf of California, or west coast of Baja California, Mexico; and 14 from Montana that wintered inland, from the Texas Panhandle south to the Mexican Plateau, or near the Gulf of Mexico. Montana breeders migrated east of the Rocky Mountains and traveled more than twice the distance of Oregon and Nevada breeders. Montana birds also stopped more often and longer during most passages. As a group, curlews arrived on their Oregon breeding grounds earlier than in Montana, while males preceded females in Montana and possibly Oregon. No consistent pattern emerged between sexes in departure from breeding areas, although within pairs males departed later than their mates. Individuals exhibited strong fidelity to breeding and wintering sites, and many birds showed a strong propensity for agricultural regions during winter. Our results underscore the importance of studying migration behavior across the breeding range to adequately capture variation in migratory patterns of a species. C1 [Page, Gary W.; Warnock, Nils; Stenzel, Lynne E.] Point Blue Formerly PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA USA. [Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jorgensen, Dennis] World Wildlife Fund US, Northern Great Plains Program, Bozeman, MT USA. [Hartman, C. Alex] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Page, GW (reprint author), Point Blue Formerly PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA USA. EM gpage@pointblue.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX This project is part of the Pacific Shorebird Migration Project. Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the membership of Point Blue (formerly PRBO) Conservation Science, the USFWS Challenge Cost Share Program, the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, and the USDA Forest Service, Office of International Programs. We are grateful to David Mehlman (TNC) and Steve Forrest (WWF), who assisted in the development of this study, and to Leslie Nelson (TNC of Oregon), Barbara Cozzens, Paul Koss, Brian Martin, Rich Utts, and Shawn Cleveland (TNC of Montana), John Phillips (U.S. Department of Defense's Naval Bombing Range Boardman), and Lew Oring in Nevada for facilitating our work. We thank the landowners Wendel Neff, David Neff, and Steve Neff of Ruby Valley, Nevada, for allowing us to conduct this research on their lands. We are grateful to Sarah Hewitt in Montana and Jim Newell in Nevada who assisted with curlew capture, to Lisa Pajot (USGS) who confirmed the sex of birds through molecular analyses, and to David Douglas (USGS) for his helpful advice on interpreting and analyzing Argos data. Comments by Dan Ruthrauff, Bob Gill, and John Pearce improved the manuscript. This research was conducted under Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks' state collecting permit #2009-044, IACUC Number FWP7-2009 (renewed in 2010), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Scientific Taking Permits #040-07 and #059-08, Nevada Department of Wildlife Scientific Collection Permit #29559, and USGS federal bird banding permit #09316. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any institutional affiliation of the authors. This is contribution number 1899 of Point Blue Conservation Science. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-12-185-R2.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300006 ER PT J AU Camp, RJ Pratt, TK Gorresen, PM Woodworth, BL Jeffrey, JJ AF Camp, Richard J. Pratt, Thane K. Gorresen, P. Marcos Woodworth, Bethany L. Jeffrey, John J. TI Hawaiian forest bird trends: Using log-linear models to assess long-term trends is supported by model diagnostics and assumptions (reply to Freed and Cann 2013) SO CONDOR LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hawaiian forest birds; log-linear models; model diagnostics; trends ID POPULATION AB Freed and Cann (2013) criticized our use of linear models to assess trends in the status of Hawaiian forest birds through time (Camp et al. 2009a, 2009b, 2010) by questioning our sampling scheme, whether we met model assumptions, and whether we ignored short-term changes in the population time series. In the present paper, we address these concerns and reiterate that our results do not support the position of Freed and Cann (2013) that the forest birds in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) are declining, or that the federally listed endangered birds are showing signs of imminent collapse. On the contrary, our data indicate that the 21-year long-term trends for native birds in Hakalau Forest NWR are stable to increasing, especially in areas that have received active management. C1 [Camp, Richard J.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii, Hawail Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Park, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pratt, Thane K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Park, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Woodworth, Bethany L.] Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Biddeford, ME USA. RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawail Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Park, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rick_camp@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1650/CONDOR-13-089.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AG7PW UT WOS:000335611300010 ER PT J AU Holmes, WT Luco, N Turner, F AF Holmes, William T. Luco, Nicolas Turner, Fred TI Application of the Recommendations of the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission to the Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Buildings and Seismic Risk Mitigation Policies in the United States SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB An unprecedented level of data concerning building performance in the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010-2011 has been collected by the Canterbury Earthquake Royal Commission of Inquiry. In addition to data from a technical investigation undertaken by the New Zealand Department of Building and Housing on four specific buildings, the Royal Commission has collected data from many other invited reports, international peer reviews of reports, submitted testimony, and oral testimony and examination at public hearings. Contained in the Commission's seven-volume final report are 189 specific recommendations for improvements in design codes and standards, hazard mitigation policy, post-earthquake building safety and occupancy tagging, and other topics. Some of these recommendations are unique to New Zealand's system of government, engineering practice, or codes and standards, but many are applicable in the United States. C1 [Holmes, William T.] Rutherford Chekene, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Turner, Fred] Calif Seism Safety Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Holmes, WT (reprint author), Rutherford Chekene, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 SI SI BP 427 EP 450 DI 10.1193/030613EQS064M PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA AG7PE UT WOS:000335609300020 ER PT J AU Grams, PE Wilcock, PR AF Grams, Paul E. Wilcock, Peter R. TI Transport of fine sediment over a coarse, immobile riverbed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; suspended sediment; bed forms; sand stripes ID FLUVIAL SAND DUNES; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SHEAR-STRESS; ROUGHNESS; FLOW; MORPHODYNAMICS; ENTRAINMENT; VELOCITY; GERMANY; RHINE AB Sediment transport in cobble-boulder rivers consists mostly of fine sediment moving over a coarse, immobile bed. Transport rate depends on several interrelated factors: boundary shear stress, the grain size and volume of fine sediment, and the configuration of fine sediment into interstitial deposits and bed forms. Existing models do not incorporate all of these factors. Approaches that partition stress face a daunting challenge because most of the boundary shear is exerted on immobile grains. We present an alternative approach that divides the bed into sand patches and interstitial deposits and is well constrained by two clear end-member cases: full sand cover and absence of sand. Entrainment from sand patches is a function of their aerial coverage. Entrainment from interstices among immobile grains is a function of sand elevation relative to the size of the immobile grains. The bed-sand coverage function is used to predict the ratio of the rate of entrainment from a partially covered bed to the rate of entrainment from a completely sand-covered bed, which is determined using a standard sand transport model. We implement the bed-sand coverage function in a morphodynamic routing model and test it against observations of sand bed elevation and suspended sand concentration for conditions of nonuniform fine sediment transport in a large flume with steady uniform flow over immobile hemispheres. The results suggest that this approach may provide a simple and robust method for predicting the transport and migration of fine sediment through rivers with coarse, immobile beds. Key Points Sand entrainment from coarse bed modeled by bed-sand coverage function Entrainment proportional to fraction of bed covered by sand patches Sand entrainment from interstices among coarse grain is enhanced C1 [Grams, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wilcock, Peter R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Grams, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pgrams@usgs.gov FU Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program; St. Anthony Falls Laboratory of the University of Minnesota; STC program of the National Science Foundation via the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics [EAR-0120914] FX This work was funded by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Additional support for the laboratory experiments was provided by the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory of the University of Minnesota and the STC program of the National Science Foundation via the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics under agreement EAR-0120914. David J. Topping, Douglas J. Jerolmack, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive and insightful comments that are gratefully acknowledged. Stephen M. Wiele provided helpful contributions to the experimental design and model development. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 188 EP 211 DI 10.1002/2013JF002925 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1ZN UT WOS:000333032300007 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Flocks, J Stockdon, HF Long, JW Guy, K Thompson, DM Cormier, JM Smith, CG Miselis, JL Dalyander, PS AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Flocks, James Stockdon, Hilary F. Long, Joseph W. Guy, Kristy Thompson, David M. Cormier, Jamie M. Smith, Christopher G. Miselis, Jennifer L. Dalyander, P. Soupy TI Predictions of barrier island berm evolution in a time-varying storm climatology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE morphology; overwash; climate ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; OVERWASH; SHELF; VALIDATION; SHORELINE; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Low-lying barrier islands are ubiquitous features of the world's coastlines, and the processes responsible for their formation, maintenance, and destruction are related to the evolution of smaller, superimposed features including sand dunes, beach berms, and sandbars. The barrier island and its superimposed features interact with oceanographic forces (e.g., overwash) and exchange sediment with each other and other parts of the barrier island system. These interactions are modulated by changes in storminess. An opportunity to study these interactions resulted from the placement and subsequent evolution of a 2 m high sand berm constructed along the northern Chandeleur Islands, LA. We show that observed berm length evolution is well predicted by a model that was fit to the observations by estimating two parameters describing the rate of berm length change. The model evaluates the probability and duration of berm overwash to predict episodic berm erosion. A constant berm length change rate is also predicted that persists even when there is no overwash. The analysis is extended to a 16 year time series that includes both intraannual and interannual variability of overwash events. This analysis predicts that as many as 10 or as few as 1 day of overwash conditions would be expected each year. And an increase in berm elevation from 2 m to 3.5 m above mean sea level would reduce the expected frequency of overwash events from 4 to just 0.5 event-days per year. This approach can be applied to understanding barrier island and berm evolution at other locations using past and future storm climatologies. Key Points Barrier island berm evolution is predictable Predictions depend on different storm climatologies and berm heights Results are applicable to a broad range of natural and restored features C1 [Plant, Nathaniel G.; Flocks, James; Stockdon, Hilary F.; Long, Joseph W.; Guy, Kristy; Thompson, David M.; Cormier, Jamie M.; Smith, Christopher G.; Miselis, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Dalyander, P. Soupy] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nplant@usgs.gov OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872; Stockdon, Hilary/0000-0003-0791-4676 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 300 EP 316 DI 10.1002/2013JF002871 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1ZN UT WOS:000333032300013 ER PT J AU Levy, O Ball, BA Bond-Lamberty, B Cheruvelil, KS Finley, AO Lottig, NR Punyasena, SW Xiao, JF Zhou, JZ Buckley, LB Filstrup, CT Keitt, TH Kellner, JR Knapp, AK Richardson, AD Tcheng, D Toomey, M Vargas, R Voordeckers, JW Wagner, T Williams, JW AF Levy, Ofir Ball, Becky A. Bond-Lamberty, Ben Cheruvelil, Kendra S. Finley, Andrew O. Lottig, Noah R. Punyasena, Surangi W. Xiao, Jingfeng Zhou, Jizhong Buckley, Lauren B. Filstrup, Christopher T. Keitt, Tim H. Kellner, James R. Knapp, Alan K. Richardson, Andrew D. Tcheng, David Toomey, Michael Vargas, Rodrigo Voordeckers, James W. Wagner, Tyler Williams, John W. TI Approaches to advance scientific understanding of macrosystems ecology SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CROSS-SCALE INTERACTIONS; DATA-INTENSIVE SCIENCE; LAND-COVER DATA; COMBINING MODIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; CHALLENGES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB The emergence of macrosystems ecology (MSE), which focuses on regional- to continental-scale ecological patterns and processes, builds upon a history of long-term and broad-scale studies in ecology. Scientists face the difficulty of integrating the many elements that make up macrosystems, which consist of hierarchical processes at interacting spatial and temporal scales. Researchers must also identify the most relevant scales and variables to be considered, the required data resources, and the appropriate study design to provide the proper inferences. The large volumes of multi-thematic data often associated with macrosystem studies typically require validation, standardization, and assimilation. Finally, analytical approaches need to describe how cross-scale and hierarchical dynamics and interactions relate to macroscale phenomena. Here, we elaborate on some key methodological challenges of MSE research and discuss existing and novel approaches to meet them. C1 [Levy, Ofir] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ball, Becky A.] Arizona State Univ, Glendale, AZ USA. [Bond-Lamberty, Ben] Pacific NW Natl Lab, JGCRI, College Pk, MD USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra S.; Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Punyasena, Surangi W.; Tcheng, David] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xiao, Jingfeng] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong; Voordeckers, James W.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Filstrup, Christopher T.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Keitt, Tim H.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kellner, James R.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, C